Chapter 1 Notes 1) European desire to find new trade routes and interest in foreign goods was cause of early exploration. 2) The Europeans looked for a northwest so they could trade more easily. 7) Compass—a device that indicates directions. Cartography is the science and art of making maps. Telescope used to view objects or landforms from a distance 8) Marco Polo was an Italian merchant that brought back spices, silk and gunpower from Asia 9) The Silk Road—a long over land route to reach Asia for the spices, silk and gunpower that the Europeans loved. 10) Vasco Da Gama—Portuguese nobleman that established Portugal’s presence in India. Cape of Good Hope—the landform at the bottom of Africa that juts out into the ocean. 11) Henry the Navigator—Prince of Portugal– created school to improve mapmaking, navigation and other sea exploration technology. 3) Monarchies are governments where one person is the “monarch” or leader. Kings or Queens. 4) The Age of Exploration also was an age of discovery of new technology. Astrolabe was used by explorers to find their location using the posi- tion of the sun and stars. 12) Ferdinand Magellan a Portuguese explorer that discovered a water way know a strait. And was the first to circumnavigate the world. Circumnavigate—to travel around the globe, usually on water. 13) God, Glory and Gold—reason why European monarchs funded exploration 5) Sextant measured the angle between the horizon and the sun or star, to find latitude or longitude. 14) Amerigo Vespucci an Italian explorer that named the Americas. 6) Caravel is a small light weight sailing ship. 15) Christopher Columbus an explorer for Spain, landed in Bahamas and Central American thinking it was Asia. 16) Conquistadors are Spanish explorers. Juan Ponce De Leon a conquistador, explored the coastline of Florida and Florida Keys. 25) Henry Hudson an English explorer landed in what is present day New York. Discovered Hudson Bay and the Hudson River. Later, Hudson sailing for the Dutch, founded New Netherlands 26) The Spanish did not treat the natives over time. 17) Hernando Cortes a conquistador and slave trader, defeated the Aztecs. Defeated the Aztecs with help from other native people and disease weakened Aztecs people. Immunity is resistance to diseases 18) Francisco Pizarro an conquistador that landed in Peru, and defeated the Incas 19) Spanish Life Pueblos or town, were the center of trade. Missions were religious communities, Church, small town and fields for crops. Presidio was a type of fort usually built near a mission. 27) The Spanish established the Columbian Exchange. Some trade was good but others were not. 20) Plantation or large farms, Spanish developed these to raise crops to sent back to Spain 21) Spain wanted England to be ruled by Catholics so sent their armada to defeat the English. Armada is a powerful fleet of ships. 28) Europe was split over the Protestant Reformation. Some countries were Catholic agree on religion. 22) Jacques Cartier French navigator first to call the new land he discovered Canada. 23) Samuel De Champlain French explorer founded Quebec. Area discovered by French explorers is call New France 24) French and Dutch settlers made money trapping and trading furs, so they made alliances with the Native Americans.
