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PR2.-Q2 Module-6 - PR2 M6
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Practical
Research 2
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
TO ANALYZE DATA IN
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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Subject Area – Grade Level
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Statistical Techniques to Analyze Data in Quantitative Research
First Edition, 2020
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Writers: ADONIS C. BAYRON, MAT
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12
Practical
Research 2
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Statistical Techniques To
Analyze Data In Quantitative
Research
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Practical Research 2 for Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on
Statistical Techniques to Analyze Data in Quantitative Research!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Practical Research 2 for Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on
Statistical Techniques to Analyze Data in Quantitative Research!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This
includes
questions
or
blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
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Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References
This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Statistical Techniques to Analyze Data in Quantitative Research.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is composed of one lesson only:
•Lesson 1 – Statistical Techniques to Analyze Data in Quantitative Research.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe the common statistical tool in in analyzing the data; and
2. solve the data given.
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What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. In everyday language, what is the term associated with the statistical
analysis method of mean?
A. Average
B. Midpoint
C. Range
D. Standard Deviation
2. What is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis,
interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data?
A. Algebra
B. Calculus
C. Geometry
D. Statistics
3. What is TRUE about mean?
A. measures the distance each number in the set is from the
mean
B. the mathematical average of a group of two or more
numerals
C. analysis determines the extent to which specific factors such
as interest rate
D. describes the degree a set of data varies from the standard
distribution in a set of statistical data
4. Which of the following is NOT true about standard deviation?
A. Statistical term commonly appearing in quantitative
analysis.
B. Standard deviation reveals the distribution of the responses
around the mean.
C. It describes the degree of consistency within the responses;
together with the mean, it provides insight into data sets.
D. It describes the degree a set of data varies from the standard
distribution in a set of statistical data.
5. It is a measurement gauging the rate of a response appearance within a
data set.
A. Frequency counts
B. Mean
C. Mode
D. Standard Deviation
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Lesson
6
Statistical Techniques To
Analyze Data In
Quantitative Research
What’s In
Directions: Arrange the words in alphabetical order and describe/define the
meaning of each word. Write your answers on the blanks provided before
the number.
__________________1. data-_________________________________________________
__________________ terms-________________________________________________
__________________ research-_____________________________________________
__________________ process-______________________________________________
__________________ operational-___________________________________________
__________________2.categorization-_______________________________________
__________________ tabulate-_____________________________________________
__________________ groupings-___________________________________________
__________________ diagram-_____________________________________________
__________________ problem-______________________________________________
_________________3.
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
analysis-______________________________________________
interpretation-________________________________________
definition-_____________________________________________
flow-__________________________________________________
result-_________________________________________________
_________________4.
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
presentation-_________________________________________
essential-______________________________________________
draw-__________________________________________________
inferences-____________________________________________
study-_________________________________________________
Notes to the Teacher
Should you have queries on the given tasks, always ask or
communicate your subject teacher.
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What’s New
Directions: Give a word, phrase, or sentence that would describe or define the word
“Statistics.” Write your answers in the bubble map
STATISTICS
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What is It
What is statistical method?
Statistical methods are mathematical formulas, models, and techniques
that are used in statistical analysis of raw research data. The application of
statistical methods extracts information from research data and provides
different ways to assess the robustness of research outputs.
Statistical methods involved in carrying out a study include planning,
designing, collecting data, analyzing, drawing meaningful interpretation and
reporting of the research findings.
The statistical analysis gives meaning to the meaningless numbers,
thereby breathing life into a lifeless data. The results and inferences are precise
only if proper statistical tests are used. This article will try to acquaint the reader
with the basic research tools that are utilized while conducting various studies
(Aguirre, 2015).
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Common Statistical Techniques
Shields & Rangarjan (2013) emphasized the most common
statistical techniques in analyzing the data:





Mean: a mean represents a numerical average for a set of responses.
When dealing with a data set (or multiple data sets), a mean will
represent a central value of a specific set of numbers. It is the sum of the
values divided by the number of values within the data set. Other terms
that can be used to describe the concept are arithmetic mean, average
and mathematical expectation.
Standard deviation: this is another statistical term commonly
appearing in quantitative analysis. Standard deviation reveals the
distribution of the responses around the mean. It describes the degree of
consistency within the responses; together with the mean, it provides
insight into data sets.
Frequency distribution: this is a measurement gauging the rate of a
response appearance within a data set. When using a survey, for
example, frequency distribution has the capability of determining the
number of times a specific ordinal scale response appears (i.e., agree,
strongly agree, disagree, etc.). Frequency distribution is extremely keen
in determining the degree of consensus among data points.
The t-test is one type of inferential statistics. It is used to determine
whether there is a significant difference between the means of two
groups. With all inferential statistics, we assume the dependent variable
fits a normal distribution.
Typically, quantitative data is measured by visually presenting
correlation tests between two or more variables of significance. Different
processes can be used together or separately, and comparisons can be
made to ultimately arrive at a conclusion. Other signature interpretation
processes of quantitative data include:



Regression analysis
Cohort analysis
Predictive and prescriptive analysis
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What’s More
Directions: Give what is asked. Write your answers inside the graphic
organizer.
1. What is the meaning of statistical tool?
2. Enumerate the common statistical tool in analyzing the data and describe each.
Write your answers inside the graphic organizer.
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What I Have Learned
Directions: In your own words, describe/define the following terms:
1. Statistical tool
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Frequency distribution
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Mean
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. T-test
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Standard Deviation
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Criteria:
Substance of the answerGrammar/spellingTOTAL-
5 points
5 points
10 points each item
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What I Can Do
Directions: Analyze the table below and solve the following. Write your answers on
the space provided.
CONTROL
PRE-TEST
POST-TEST
EXPERIMENTAL
PRE-TEST
POST-TEST
GROUP
20/20
20/20
GROUP
20/20
20/20
STUDENT A
11
15
STUDENT A
10
16
STUDENT B
12
16
STUDENT B
11
17
STUDENT C
8
13
STUDENT C
7
14
STUDENT D
9
14
STUDENT D
6
17
STUDENT E
5
16
STUDENT E
9
16
STUDENT F
9
17
STUDENT F
9
17
STUDENT G
12
15
STUDENT G
11
15
STUDENT H
13
18
STUDENT H
12
15
STUDENT I
7
12
STUDENT I
9
12
STUDENT J
6
16
STUDENT J
10
19
STUDENT K
9
15
STUDENT K
11
17
STUDENT L
10
15
STUDENT L
12
15
1. Solve the mean scores of:
a. Control group pre-test
b. Control group post-test
c. Experimental pre-test
d. Experimental post-test
2. Find the t-test-of pre-test and pos-test of control group at 0.05 level of
significance (one-tailed only).
3. Find the t-test-of pre-test and pos-test of experimental group at 0.05 level of
significance (one-tailed only).
4. Find the standard deviation of pre and post-test of control group
5. Find the standard deviation of pre and post-test of experimental group.
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Assessment
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if otherwise.
Write your answers on the space provided.
______________1. Statistical methods are mathematical formulas, models, and
techniques that are used in statistical analysis of raw research
data.
______________2. The application of statistical methods extracts information from
research data and provides indifferent ways to assess the
robustness of research outputs.
______________3. The discipline of statistics has long addressed the same
fundamental challenge as data science: how to draw robust
conclusions about the world using incomplete information.
______________4. One of the most important contributions of statistics is a
inconsistent and imprecise vocabulary for describing the
relationship between observations and conclusions.
______________5. Applications to real data sets motivate the statistical techniques
that we describe throughout the text.
______________6. Real data often do follow regular patterns or match standard
equations.
______________7. The interesting variation in real data can be lost by focusing too
much attention on simplistic summaries such as average values.
______________8. A mean represents a numerical average for a set of responses.
______________9. Standard deviation reveals the distribution of the responses
around the median and mode.
_____________10. Frequency distribution is a measurement gauging the rate of a
response appearance within a data set.
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Additional Activities
Directions: Write a short essay about the things that you have learned the most and
the least in this lesson. Write your essay on the space provided below.
Give an interesting title to your essay.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
source: https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081
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Shields & Rangarjan. (2013). Empirical political analysis: Quantitative and
qualitative Research Methods. 8th ed. Boston, MA: Longman.
Aguirre, L. (2015). Types of quantitative research. Retrieved from
Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/true-experimental-design
References
Assessment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
What I Know
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
D
B
D
A
What I Can Do
1.
a. 9.25
b. 15.17
c. 9.75
d. 15.83
-6.86967
-8.12938
2.96
3.04
What’s More
1.Statistical
methods
are
mathematical formulas, models,
and techniques that are used in
statistical
analysis
of
raw
research data.
Statistical methods involved in
carrying out a study include
planning, designing, collecting
data,
analyzing,
drawing
meaningful interpretation and
reporting
of
the
research
findings.
2. Mean, Frequency Distribution,
Standard Deviation, T-test, ect.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Answer Key
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EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used
by all learners of SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of
this module. This is Version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommendations.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)
Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
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