Q whafs Matex ?
1
A> Anything that has mass and Ccupy space
> How old chemist clasihed mattey ?
2
Asaid all mates axe made of an , watex,fie,Sky
S"Q> How moden ChemiSt classify mattey
A> "Physical propexty> Solid , liquid. gas.
Chemical Pxopeoty >element, Compound, mixtuxe.
4 " > How ase matex
made of ?
A Pasticle ohich make up
A natten >atom,nolecue
S"O Howto pOVe prESence of pahicle tineix movement
in mattey?
A> Fom expeviment of
defysion(mixing substanes)
>Bo Bxownian mohion.
tAD Diffusiontixing Substance own theix own.
6
xplain dissclving cf sclid in liuid
A> Studs of dissoling of Pottassiom Proman ganatt
9 Ohen of CyStal of YP is put inwatey the
wgtey sto uly tuons Puxple (wrthot staing ).
5 fdiagsan - book
explation &. book
Qxplain the Case of Soqa in wate
A Both SUgas
oates Qe
made of paotide On
mixing,the Sugas paoticde go ond sette in the
spaces betueen water panticle.
"QDescibe mixing,
of2 ga6es
AAx iS coloaleSS ,butj
Boomine is ged boon
SPreadug of boOwine con be
n
Both ae made:of poticeS, the mong
pastide of boo mine
an colide
mix
onifoml.another dift usion3
Thopughbromine is heayies but Stil it
nove UPasc.Qgainst
ravity
seen as its
ColO8IesS,
aftex Some
time
boomine
bomine
Vapous
S8o conchsion> mctttex is made of t pahicles
epathicles ae constant4 moving
Q>xplcan movement of pollen 9Qins in watex
A theoy given by Robext BxDUMn in IR22.
5to put a pollen goain in watex
wfound pollen qnain moving in zig-200 motion.
Gwaxmes the wwatex faste the motio
Ps Movement occUY due to being hii bñ
fost moving pauticles of wates
3Cam also be obseved in
ase.
OQ whats Brounian motion?neat
H> \he zig zag motion of sUspended pashcles in
fluid is called Boonian motion
99 ConcluSion >Matey made of pooticles.
> pasticles axe constantlq movingy
MQ>What axe chasactesisicG of Pasthicles0s
A>oJhey ase VN. Gmall:DHDT2r
b)Jhey attsact each othes
C)Ihey a8e cortinuousls in motion
d) Jhey have space in between
a) Pashcles of mattex axe y Smal
o When we put a cxystal of PP in
oatex the
waies becomes pusple
So, we can con lude the PP eis made of
million of pasticles which Kept oñ Spseacding
b) Pasticles have space between
o Whenwe dissolue sUgar in 1O m of warer
oAftex dissoing the volume dont chan ge
he sugax pasicles agqwibecpace betuween
o
watepaotiaesv9h doihvYEH
) fashcies of maHex ane const antls moving (io lzaa)
oesampeG> diffuSion
Oca
BocQLONian imoion
buoning of insense Sick afBe Some ime
Ohole hoom ils oith the sme
"eg > adding cOppes Sul phaBe in oate
fxed
be
the
axe
ape
sh
(Heavymuch.VolumeSolid
completels
densitus
psopeghes
compsesed
Continex high
have
have
canit
FilL
Flow
DonF )
Dont Jhey SoLId
i)
ii))Solid
QWhat
?
Of
The
physICOl
Of
basis
oce thE
Shage
IS
oSibe
fiau
Con
binds
Conesian
apzCES
as
fluicKigid atsachon föce
o
Jhese hicles
nen
togehex.
tendency means
means
cf
Subjecied
isaHx
aHsachon
gasesmin > m
aacis
of
unbending
f
o
s
to
matanal
ma
’Soids
to
ce
EDcn
maintain
Hex
outSide
KnOn uohich
on
inflexibie
cthex
which
xigidrts
Knouonas
Class1hcahon
(iauid
qas "Solid
psopedties
d)ax
Solicl. :
enexgy)
Kinehc
?
n0
GWhat
9)Jhey
i) )Jhey
£Qsily
Flow ) iy) i ) i)
Completeluy
ii) Fosceii) of Fillóntainex
compressec
be .
iD
Containeso4
Dontil Cant
"
Rasils
Fl
o
u
)
Solid
Stauctuse
Solic
6
Solid Haye
No
Liquid
Au
haye Can Whgk
Amo
less
Dont
fixed
poxticies
solid
space
axe
be
unt
have
dont high have
cense
ve
cant
have
compoeçed
HI
l
a8e
Shape
se
psopesti
att%00tion
of
fixed
(louwdensits.
Axed
betuweenliquid
low
containey
be
moxement
than mo
p
axe
NOpestes
nox
shape
densits
eerst
es
compsessed
9
desate
voum
closels
qas
of
easilssolid)3223goo9d
fied
as
pasicles
Compleelu:0
of ligud?AA
paohces
in
e
have
to
packed
but
volume.gases
paoticles
tote
much.
diffeaent
no
axe tminimum
high
aDO9
20hiupil a
fxed
close
densits
psopexies
tauctuxe
shape
QWhs
5)Jhe
Sotic
ac
compettk,
containex
than
much.
Shape
clos
Havefxed
volunne
conpse
lecsxed
"Ffouws
easils
axe have
be f
5fasticles
Oont
"Cant
Oont
"
Stxuctuxe
liquid
to
have
& exeed
qiass
dontwatex
7When
oe
pous
vicethe
veIsQ.
maxk
AXed
fonm cohich
the volume
watex
akevuuateYh
ShCa
bre
g
ofcontainexsALni
cik .
QSo
Volume
Shape
ShapeogiSd
fxed
have
fixecshape
shotuiquid
no the
Axed
has
take
to no -Aiquid
can
QHow
but
it
(iauids
os
Solid
VOlume
than
"
easily
Flows
"
no8easils
faothes
shapedencits
qases>L
ofStauctue
Containet
entise
Flls
much ssec
sixced
compoe
low
ase have
"
DontCanhas
be
fastiCles vebq
"
of
Of
shapeof
volume
as
it
takes
baloon.
takes
it
as
inflated
Shape
volume
fixced
an fied
no eQ
no
Con
hascontaine
has
Gias G1OS
Sêd
compsfS
be
cant
iouid
SoLd
can.
pONe
Gasses
to
Ho02hout
Q
Dgos
liquid)
50ateY
(solicd)
Salt
5
down
dont
move
solid
ont
consedexably
doon
dont
that Jhey
places
dont
pxove compseSsibiliso
movevoume
clouon
highSmail
liquid
Conpsessed
geE uatey
Cu
a
dont
seducehis
ver
moES
psoved
the
piston
a
Compxessed.
dso cause
that
to
it
this
Compsessed
the
PyOved 9as volume CNG.
LPG,
¬0’
Loeight
Leignt
be have
salt
ghis
puting
puting aining
(o)Containing
Qining
its canGases
&a be
Compsess
can
because
q0Ses
(o)ont Cont secuce
on
on
(b)
colled
js
othes
wth
i LScientistfok
tiod
biua
o2l10c
o
0'c
K=
n
9
tochange
Pressuaf
biuol
Changing
i)tempexaBuxe
(10rtotba
the
in
ase
ge
)1
Chan GoWhat
uguS
glaleof
’
maHex
b
buoo
of
Stale
(°ptoCUO
ppaOd0201011
maHex
vexs.fO8mula
pus
ofitspaxicles
mohon tiguicl
Vice
K
KDgohei)
373
heata
23.&
asubstan
ce
usediby
tempexatuse
273
=
Kelvin
gasisloweShuin
=
Kelvin
incxeasing
tempis
of
3also
in
ofice OatesL 6
of
on
K) celcius
out
b unit
due
SubsBance
to
inckeases
of
to
speadingin
ykelvindenoted
SI
boilinguol
fasBesk
scale
Meling
pOinf
Cc in
the
Fosmula
3temp.
s OSpeedWhich
y
Dftusiob difusion.
Jne
3
Q
a to enouah
o "PsocessHOwwhen
due
d)iquid
Solid
of
point’
cooling).
fonn of slby
liquid
pOCeSs solid
of on
htating
melhng
point gas
meling
poini
liquic:d
melis
aol
JRla
Slouls,if
iis
heaed
byolug enexQy
Jiapidiqliguid
solidifiesnd
bs Substance
Condentatio
which
liqud
loSe
gas
g a s a i L 2 solid
melin9qu
(Ussion)
lo
>
to
panticie
tempexatuxe
qas
at
to
to
which
liquid
(condensahion)
Soid
tempeatuse
iquid
Vaposising)
ing
melting
Coolingis
called
fuee2ing
moving
moves
l{seezing)
liquid
(Helting ice
Of
0C
cooled
g
Chang
(ReveaSe
of
boiling)
changing
at
changing
changing
fseeze
temp
changing
is it
stopS
called
heing
ohich
liquid
liquid
it
of
is
of
PxoceSS
heckng
i)Frects
)Solid
O
)
to
to Paocessboiling
bols to
liquid
GasJhe
b
hidden
Laten
hect ’ Jhe near enexau which has 0 be
Supplied to chonge he sHate te of 9 SUbStonce is
Known as latent heat.* 9t dont xaise the tempexature
Q uhy tatent heat dont change the 4empexature
9 Evey maBaial nase some oxce of attaction(if
it hasS to change the
State it need to oexcome the
attxaciOn . latent h¹at which we supply i USed to
OVeKCome the foxce to chcnge its State nof t0
Change kinehc enesySo the temp. iS not inc~e0Se cl.
Jupes o
atent he
i)atent heat of fussion
Vaponsahoh.
i)
Latent ne at of fusion> defined as amount af heat xequiiec
to conYext (Kq to liquid at Constant tempezakuxc.
i0Latent heat of yap0aisation> de fined as amount af neat
Sequixed t0 convext |Ko of liquid to vapouX at
consant tempetatse.
Ev sposation pocess of convextion of liquid to vapo0T
below the boiling point
Q•
How it occux ?
9 9} depends on sucfaçe axea
At the
SUxface some mol¬CUles
have enough Kinetic enegy, So they can oVeOme tht
aHracfive tones &esca pe to atmoshphe se
YacBoxs efeching evapoxaion 2
Suaface axea’ ate of eyaporaion
incxeaSe
witn it.
tempexatuxe ’ diaect pxopo~tional to
eYapoxation
Humidits
ate of
(Psesence of watex vapoUY
in átmosphexe) with inceasing
humidits Sate of evaporahon
decxeases
Speed.> direct ty prppotional
0> 0iff
between evaporahon
9Sopoxafion
9ts the pxOcess of
convextion of liquid to
Yapouy belo) boilia
point
BOiling
Boiling
Boiting the temnp.
at which vapouY
presexe becomes equal
to to atmoshphexe pxessuYe
iS
Evapoxation a
is g s a tal
SUxfacephenomenan
" 9fs
a slo
p80SS
hhenammeman.
9fs a fast pYDCeSs