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Super sensitive intruder alarm
1. 1. Super Sensitive Intruder Alarm Introduction: Frailty and wrongdoing comprise a portion of the serious issues confronting our prompt society today.
Individuals live with dread of being assaulted by robbers, miscreants and hoodlums. In spite of all the exertion, assets and time that has been given to the
improvement of instruments that will diminish wrongdoing rates and make the world a more secure spot to live, these issues are as yet on the increment. These
brought about the requirement for an expanding improvement in the innovation of caution frameworks which uses different standards like infrared movement
identification, light (photograph) touchy electronic gadgets, etc. Indeed, even with the presentation of these alert frameworks which have decreased incredibly
the degree of frailty, there is as yet an issue of bogus caution which should be limited. To adequately lessen the degree of weakness and stay away from bogus
alerts which can make pointless distress, a touch actuated security framework is required. This framework in the event that appropriately planned will give
security and guarantee cautions are initiate just when an unapproved individual attempt to access the ensured territory or gadget by contacting the passageway
or then again some other piece of the device. An caution is an uproarious commotion or sign for alarming or advising individuals regarding threat or an issue.
An alert framework is in this way a security framework that creates a type of sound to caution individuals of a specific threat. The advancement of caution
frameworks began with the making of man. Man required giving ready data and received a type of flagging, outcry and yelling. This was subsequently
supplanted by applauding and beating of gongs by local pro claimers to caution the local area to scatter data in the early African culture. Every one of these
techniques of raising alarm were rough, temperamental and wasteful. With the headway in science and innovation, these unrefined strategies for producing
alert were supplanted by electronic alert frameworks in the late eighteenth century. Super sensitive is a framework intended to recognize interruption –
unapproved passage – into a structure or other region. Security cautions are utilized in private, business, modern, and military properties for insurance against
burglary or property harm, just as close to home assurance against interlopers. Security cautions in neighborhoods show a connection with diminished robbery.
The alert frameworks fill a solitary need of theft security; blend frameworks give both fireand interruption insurance. On the before days guard would be
recruited to deal with property and offer required security in the home. A few homes additionally had canines that would be utilized uniquely around evening
time. These two should give security to our kin even without the house proprietor. Nonetheless, employing a gatekeeper was not a viable strategy since a large
portion of them would be murdered in the line of working obligation. In some cases canine would assault even guests while some guardians plundered
property. This circuit is utilized to caution the client when any
2. 2. individual goes into the home. On the off chance that there is any individual before IR sensor, it produces an information signal. These information signals
are given to the speaker to alarm the client. The shadow of any individual close by the circuits is sufficient to trigger the caution. Super Sensitive Intruder
Alarm is a ultra touchy interloper caution circuit chart. Here the shadow of the interloper going through couple of meters close by can trigger this circuit to
create an alarm. Here the work is performed through a LDR (Light Dependent Resistor).Thus this circuit was set up in such a manner so Op-amp was made to
trigger the NE 555 to deliver a progression of clock beat waveform which was wired in methods for monostable Multivibrator mode. Now let us see the
activity of this straightforward Intruder caution circuit. Problem Statement: In Kuwadzana territory in Harare there is an expansion in robbery cases in houses
and organizations. Because of the present circumstance a need has emerged to limit wrongdoing cases in houses and organizations by executing a home
security framework that cautions the capable authorities. SOLUTION: This circuit is designed to alert the user when an intruder enters into the home. If there
is any obstacle in front of IR sensor, it generates an interrupt signal. This interrupt signal is given to the speaker to alert the user. Super Sensitive Intruder
Alarm Circuit Principle: IR transmitter consistently discharges the IR (Infrared) beams which must be gotten by IR beneficiary. When there is a deterrent
before IR sensor, the sent IR beams are reflected back to the IR collector. The yield of Op-Amp is high when IR beneficiary gets the reflected IR beams. This
yield of operational amplifier is associated with the RESET pin of 555 timer. The yield of 555 timers is low when input voltage at pin four is high, at that point
555 clock creates the recurrence which can be changed by the estimation of the resistors R1, R2 and capacitor C3. Obstruction Present → IR Receiver
Receives IR Rays→ Operation amp Output High → 555 RST Pin High → Speaker Produces the Sound. No Obstacle → IR Receiver doesn't Receive the Rays
→ Op-amp Output Low → RST Pin Low → No Sound The yield of NE555 is sifted by the 1uFcapacitor and took care of to the speaker.
3. 3. Numerous IR sensors are utilized in house at better places and the yield of these sensors is given to the RESET pin of regular 555 clock. At the point when
any sensor distinguishes any individual, the reset pin of 555 timer turns out to be high and speaker will produce the sound. Super Sensitive Intruder Alarm
Circuit Diagram: Circuit Components: NE555 timer LM358 op-amp Pot – 10k, 4.7k IR transmitter IR receiver Red led Ceramic capacitors –
0.1uF, 0.01uF Electrolytic capacitor – 1uF, 16v Resistors – 10k, 100, R4,R5 2 resistors – 330 ohm Speaker Battery
4. 4. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Proposed Model: In this circuit the alert will set off when the shadow of an interloper passing couple of
meters close by the circuit is sufficient to trigger the caution. IC2 uA 741 is wired as delicate comparator; its set point is by R6 and R7. The voltage partition
by LDR and R9 is given at non altering pin of IC2. When there is an interloper close by or near the LDR the shadow will make the protection from increment.
All things considered the voltages at the contributions of comparator will be unique and the out put of IC2 will be low. There front the Q1 will turn on. This
makes a negative going heartbeat to trigger the IC1 which is wired as a mono-stable multi- vibrator. The out put of IC1 will be enhanced by Q2 (SL 100) to
deliver alert. The LDR can be housed in a dull cylinder to build affectability. The affectability is vital here. On the off chance that you can't change the
necessary affectability appropriately, utilize one LOW opposition (~1K) POT in arrangement with R9 for fine change. The circuit is two sections and its
transmitter and the beneficiary is nothing yet a laser diode driven by a battery and it's connected to the diode. To guarantee that the current remains in the
diode a 5V or 7.5V and its applied to the diode. These laser diode can be the one regularly utilized in laser pointers radiating in red. This would be more
economical simple than getting one. Equipment Implementation: 555 Timer: In that 555 timer goes about as a free running oscillator. It will generate the
recurrence when info is high heartbeat ii will at asa RESET pin. The produced recurrence of 555 timer is varying by resistor esteems R4, R5 or by fluctuating
the capacitor esteem C3. Here Pin two and pin six of 555 timer are shorted to permit the setting off after each planning cycle. In these circuit of capacitor C3 is
charges through the resistors R4,R5 and its releases through the resistor R5. LM358 Op-Amp: LM358 IC comprises of two operational intensifiers. Each Opamp has two information sources (modifying and non – reversing) and one yield. The operation – amp yield is high when non- reversing voltage is more
noteworthy than the rearranging voltage and it is low while transforming voltage is more prominent than non altering voltage
5. 5. . LM358 Op-Amp IF V1>V2 then OP = HIGH IF V2>V1 then OP = LOW The operational – amp output is high when non-inverting voltage is greater than
the inverting voltage and it is low. IR Transmitter: The working voltage of transmitter is around 2 to 3V, to drop the leftover voltage we associate a resistor in
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Super sensitive intruder alarm
arrangement with IR drove. IR Receiver: It is constantly utilized backward predisposition. It nearly goes about as a shut circuit when it gets IR beams and it
has high obstruction when it doesn't get any IR beams. At first the Comparator utilized here was associated through non rearranging mode. The set place of
this Comparator was is through R6&R7.The voltage partition by LDR and R9 was given at the non-transforming pin of the IC2.At backup mode these two
voltages are set equivalent by changing R9.The yield of the comparator will be high during this time so Transistor Q1 will be off hence the voltage trigger
given to the IC555 will be positive and there will be no caution. At the point when an Intruder goes through that way the interlopers shadow will make cause
the opposition of the LDR to increase. Now the voltages given at the contribution of both the
6. 6. terminal will be distinctive in this comparator the contrast between the voltages will be intensified since the increment in obstruction will make the yield of
the comparator to go to the negative immersion giving low output. This makes the Q1 on. Therefore it allows a negative going heartbeat to trigger to the
Monostable multi vibrator. This makes the IC555 to create nonstop square wave structures and it was then enhanced by the semiconductor Q2 to deliver the
caution sound. This circuit will be exceptionally amusing and simple to execute appreciate doing it. Stages of Implementation The system design was
implemented in three units These units are: (A) The power supply unit (B) The trigger unit (C) The alarm/amplifier units Power supply unit The power supply
unit is a 2-way programmed power supply framework. It gets contribution from the two mains supply and battery supply. The two free stockpile frameworks
are associated with a transfer switch which goes about as a programmed change over change to turn on any of the accessible information supply to the primary
circuit. The power supply unit gives power supply to the next two units of the circuit. Operation of the Power Supply Unit It consist of 4 stages for
rectification of 240V (A.C) mains supply to 12V (D.C), a battery supply and a relay switch. Transformer stage Rectifier stage Filter stage Regulator
Stage The Trigger Unit The trigger unit consist of 3 major components which areNE555 timer (IC2), Transistor (TR1) and a relay (RLY2). The 555 timer
(IC2) produces a trigger current which comes out through its pin 3 whenever pin 2 is activated through the sensor. Pins 4 and 8 are connected to positive
power supply while pin 1 is grounded. R3 and C2 determines the time out period of the 555 timer (i.e. the period at which the alarm sound) while R4
determines the sensitivity of the sensor. The output from pin3 (trigger current) is amplified by transistor (Tr1). R5 act as base resistor to Tr1 which is operating
in common emitter mode. The output current from transistor (Tr1) causes
7. 7. the relay (Rly2) to operate thereby switching on the alarm/amplifier unit to power supply for duration of time determined by the time out period of the 555
timer (IC2). D7 acts as a commutation diode protecting the transistor (Tr1) from Back-EMF generated by the relay coils. The 555 timer in this unit operates in
a mono stable mode. The Alarm Unit It consists of 3 basic components which are; Two 555 timers IC3 and IC4 operating in a stable mode to produce a sire
sound and a power transistor (Tr2) used for further amplification of the audio output. IC3 operates at a high frequency of about 481Hz, and act as a voltage
controlled oscillator, while producing a square wave. This forms the basic tone of the siren sound system. IC4 produces another square wave much lower
frequency of about (0.5Hz) this lower frequency alters the rhythm of the steady tone from IC3 to the desired siren sound. The output of IC4 (i.e. it’s pin3) is
actually coupled through R9 to control the voltage terminal of IC3. The low frequency (0.5Hz) output from IC4 is used to modulate the high frequency
(481Hz) produced by IC3 thereby alternating the frequency of operation of IC3 to produce a siren sound instead of a continuous 481Hz tone. The final siren
note is available at pin3 of IC3 but its maximum current (as calculated on Section 3.3.3) is 0.038A. This current is not sufficient for 5w, 8ohms speaker. The
pin3 output of IC3 is therefore fed to the transistor Tr2 for further amplification enabling it to power the speaker thereby producing a very loud audible siren
sound. How to Operate Super Sensitive Intruder Alarm Circuit? Give the associations as per the circuit chart. Associate 5V stockpile to the circuit.
Presently place the deterrent before IR sensor then speaker creates the sound. Eliminate the impediment now you won't get any solid. Detach the battery
from the circuit. Applications: This circuit is used in houses and offices for security purpose. Limitations: This circuit delivers the sound if there is any nonliving thing before IR sensor.
8. 8. Advantages: It is Simplicity of establishment. The successful capacity to be utilized inside and outside. It very well may be utilized as caution for the
house/organization limits. It is utilized as a typical force outlets and phone jacks in the event that it utilized inside. Can be utilized as home security framework
and can be utilized in Museums, Banks, Offices for safe gatekeeper numerous significant things. Disadvantages: It tends to be enacted when something living
and enormous bird sitting on the divider. They are more costly when contrasted with basic security caution frameworks. System Design Analysis The Power
Stage A 240/18v transformer was chosen because its rating is capable of meeting the current demand of the circuit and it is protected by the 1A fuse against
excess current. The limiting resistor (R1) for the LED1 was calculated as: LED current (7)Where VCC = supply voltage = 18V, VLED = 2.2, ILED =
maximum allowable current across the LED = 35mA. mA V R 35 18( )2.2 1 − = A V 0.035 8.15 = R1 = 451 43. Ω The preferred resistor value closest to
451.43Ω is 470Ω . Therefore 470Ω were adopted in the design. Current drawn by LED1 Ω = 470 18V = 038.0 MA The peak inverse voltage (PIV) obtainable
at the secondary terminal transformer is twice the terminal voltage VS . That is: PIV = 2 x Vs = 2 x 18 = 36V. At the full bridge rectifier circuit IN4001 diode
was used because its PIV which is 50V is greater than the PIV of the secondary of the secondary terminal which is 36V[13]. This was done to avoid damage to
the diodes in case reverse operation occurs. The value of the filter capacitor C1 was obtained as: fyR C 4 3 1 = (8) (For full wave rectifier circuits)
9. 9. where: f = frequency of ripple voltage = 50Hz y = ripple factor = 5% = 0.05 12 R = resistance of the regulator = I V (9) V = Constant output voltage from
the regulator = 12v, I = Constant output current from the regulator = 500mA = 0.5A = = 24Ω 0.5 12 R 4 3 24 50 05.0 1 x x x x C = , 415.692 1 C = C x
LEDcurrent 6 .2 4056 10 − = , C = 405.2 6. xµF A 2200 µF was used in the design because it is the closest value of a standard capacitor of 405.2 6. xµF . The
current limiting resistor for LED2 is calculated as shown below: LEDcurrent Voltagedrop R2 = ( ) ( ) 2 I LED Vcc V LED R − = Where VCC = supply voltage
= 12V, VLED = 2.2, I (LED) = 0.01A (Chosen to limit the amount of current consumed by the LED) A V R 0.01 12( )2.2 2 − = , A V R 0.01 8.9 2 = R2 =
980Ω The preferred resistor value closest to 980Ω is 1KΩ . Therefore 1KΩ resistor was adopted as R2 in the design. Current drawn by LED2 = 1000Ω 12V =
012.0 A = 12mA 3.3.2. The Trigger Stage The timeout period (T) and the frequency (f) were determined by the values of R4 and C2 as follows: (1.1 ) 3 2 T =
R xC (10) But R3 = 220KΩ = 220 x 103Ω, C2 = 47µF = 47 x 10-6F T (1.1 220x10 220x47x10 sec) s 3 −6 = = x sec)34.101.1( s = 374.11 sec s ≈ 11sec s T f 1
= 11.374 1 = = 09.0 Hz 13 The values of R4 and C2 were chosen in such a way that they can produce an approximate period of 11secs delay. The basis resistor
R5 for transistor Tr1 was chosen as a result of the following calculations: B BE I Vcc V R − 6 = (11) Where VCC = supply voltage = 12V, VBE = Base emitter
voltage = 0.6(see appendix III) IB = Base current IB = IC/gain Supply voltage, Gain = 25 (hFE) IC = collector current = maximum Relay current = A Coil sis
ce Supply Voltage 03.0 400 12 Re tan = = I B .0 0012A 25 03.0 ⇒ = = To ensure that the current is sufficient to drive the transistor into saturation, the quantity
of the current is doubled i.e. I B = .0 0012x2 = 024.0 A 0.0024 4.11 0.0024 12 6.0 5 = − R = 47050Ω ≈
10. 10. 7.4 ΩK A 7.4 ΩK resistor was chosen to serve as the base resistor (R6) to the transistor because it is the closet value of standard resistor value to 47050Ω .
3.3.3. The Alarm/Amplifier Stage Design calculation for this unit was done in three stages. Stage 1: This is the high frequency oscillator stage. The period
(TH) and frequency (fH) for this stage were calculated as follows: TH = t1 + t2 (12) t1 = 0.693 x C4 (R7 + R8) But C4 = 0.01µF = 0.01 x 10-6F R7 = R8 =
100KΩ =100 x 103Ω Therefore, t1 = 0.693 x 0.01 x 10-6(100 x 103 + 100 x 103 ) = 0.693 x 0.01 x 10-6 x 200 x 103 = 1.386 x 10-3secs t2= 0.693 x 100 x
103 x 0.01 x 10-6 t2= 0.693 x 10-3 3 -3 H 1 2 ∴T = t + = t 1.386 x 10 + 0.693x 10 = 2.079 x 10-3secs = 2.079msecs 3 097.2 10 1 1 − = = T x F H H = 481Hz
14 Duty cycle = 100% 097.2 10 38.1 10 3 3 1 x x x T t H − − = = 66.95% The value of C4, R7 and R9 were manipulated in order to get the desired frequency
that will modulate the low frequency oscillator (IC2) to give the desired tone. Stage 2: This is the low frequency oscillator stage. The period (TL) and
frequency (FL) for this were calculated as follows: = + (13) t1 = 0.693 x C6 (R11 + R12) But C6 = 47µF = 47 x 10-6F R11 = 1KΩ = 1 x 103 Ω Therefore, t1 =
0.693 x 47 x 10-6 (1 x 103 + 22 x 103 ) = 0.693 x 47 x 10-6 x 23 x 103 = 10741.003x 10-3secs = 1.041secs t2 = 0.693 x C6 xR12 t2 = 0.693 x 47 x 10-6 22 x
103 t2 = 995.74 x 10-3 = 0.0996secs 1 2 T t t ∴ L = + = 1.041 + 0.996 = 2.037secs 037.2 1 1 = = L L T F = 0.491Hz Duty cycle = x100% 2.037 1.0411 T t L 1
= = 51.1% The values of C6, R11 and R12 were manipulated in order to get the desired frequency that will modulate the high frequency oscillator (IC3) to
give the desired tone.
11. 11. Stage 3: This is the audio amplifier stage. It is this stage that gives the final power output to the speaker. The actual power output by the transistor (Tr2)
was calculated as follows: Power output = IE x VCC (14) Where VCC = supply voltage = 12v, IE = Emitter current But IE = (1 + gain) x IB Gain = 100 (hFE)
I B 038.0 A 300 4.11 300 12 6.0 = = − = IE = (1 + 100) x 0.038 = 0.418A, and Substituting back into to Eqn. (14), P 418.0 x12 ⇒ OUT = = 5.016 Watts
≈5Watts This means that the amplifier stage of the alarm unit (Tr2) gives an output of 5Watts. Therefore a 5Watts, 8Ω speaker was chosen at the output stage
for maximum power transfer. Testing and Results In testing the designed and constructed system, four basic steps were taken. These steps are sequentially
listed below as: Step 1: To ensure that all the components to be used are functionally operating, they were first tested with a digital multi meter and failed ones
replaced before finally soldering them on the vero board. Step 2: To ensure that there was no breakage in the circuit path on the veroboard, immediately after
soldering on veroboard, the circuit path was tested using the Digital Multi-meter. This was done to also ensure continuity of circuit on the veroboard. Step 3:
Using Circuit Maker 6 (Student Edition), the circuit was simulated. The result obtained from the simulation closely corresponds to the desired result, with only
some slight variations. Step 4: The period of time for the alarm sound (Time out period) was manually tested. This was achieved using Digital Stop Watch and
the result obtained was found to be 10.60 seconds. The value obtained from the manual testing closely agrees with that obtained in the design specifications
i.e. 11.37 seconds. Discussion of Results The main reason for testing all the components before they were finally soldered on the veroboard is to avoid the
painstaking effort it will take to dis-solder faulty components at the end of the day. From the continuity test carried out on the veroboard to check the circuit
path, it was discovered that the circuit was in a perfect working condition as continuity was ensured. Simulation of the circuit design was also done as
mentioned earlier, with the sole objective of comparing the results obtained from design calculations to that obtained from simulation. The two results when
compared closely correspond with only a very slight discrepancy in values.
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Super sensitive intruder alarm
12. 12. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the sole aim of carrying out the design, analysis and implementation of a super sensitive intruder alarm systems and
simple and reliable touch sensitive security system was achieved, in that the aim was to develop a cheap, affordable, reliable and efficient security system,
which was successfully realized at the end of the design process. One factor that accounts for the cheapness of the product was the proper choice of
components used. The ones that were readily available were used, while a close substitute was found for those that were not readily available. The reliability
of the entire alarm system was considered by the integration of an automatic change over switch into the power supply unit such that the A.C mains supply
and the battery are cold redundant. Thus, this guarantees constant supply of power to the main circuit. The efficiency of the entire system was put into
consideration by the use of transistor in the common collector mode to couple the output of the circuit to the speaker. The system was tested and found to be
working to specifications and predictions. Summarily, a cheap and reliable way of checking the activities of burglars and intruders has been successfully
developed, which is the aim of the research. We can conclusively say therefore, that the benefits of having this burglar alarm system cannot be
overemphasized. In future, we shall find a way of improving the system by interfacing the alarm system with the microcomputer to boost the effectiveness of
the entire system or integrating a digital door lock. References: “False alarm”, http://www.alarm.org/false/tips/dealer tip/dealer tip.html British Security
Industry Association (BISA), “Journal on security system section strategy for intruder alarm system”, April 2005. Page 1-3 Thomas Petruzzelis, “The alarm,
sensor and security circuit book”, TAB Books. Imprint of McGrawhill San Francisco, U.S.A. Reprinted 1994, Page 5-7 “History of Security Alarms”,
http://www.icee.org/organization/history center/fire alarm.html Pascoe, T.; Lawrence, G.”Are intruder alarm systems effective as crime prevention
measures”onAerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE “Seismic intruder alarm “can recognise footfalls Electronics and Power in Google. Chunlei
Zhu; Qing-Jie Kong; Zhou, L.; Gang Xiong; Fenghua Zhu,” Sensitive keyword spotting for voice alarm systems” on Service Operations and Logistics, and
Informatics (SOLI), 2013 IEEE International Conference.
13. 13. Lovecek, T.; Velas, A.; Kampova, K.; Maris, L.; Mozer, V.”Cumulative probability of detecting an intruder by alarm systems” on Security Technology
(ICCST), 2013 47th International Carnahan Conference on 2013. Reliable and Error Detection Architectures of Pomaranch for False-Alarm-Sensitive
Cryptographic ApplicationsVery Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on 2015. https://prezi.com/gncgpbktkb8l/super-sensitiveintruder-alarm/ https://www.electronicshub.org/super-sensitive-intruder-alarm/ https://www.coursehero.com/file/52579870/PROJECT-TITLEdocx/
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Super sensitive intruder alarm
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