“The best research
you can do is talk to
people”
- Terry Pratchett
Objectives
I CAN:
❑ IDENTIFY
THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
OF A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH.
❑ DEFINE
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS.
❑ DIFFERENTIATE
THE TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH METHODS
How do you define a
Quantitative
Research?
How do you define a Quantitative Research?
1. Objective. Seeks accurate measurement and analysis of target
concepts.
2. Clearly Defined Research Questions. Research questions are well-defined for
which objective answers are sought.
3. Structured Research Instruments. Data are gathered using structured
research tools.
4. Numerical Data. Using tables and charts allow you to see the evidence
collected.
5. Large Sample Sizes. Normal population distribution curve is preferred and
random sampling is recommended.
6. Replication. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in
another setting.
7. Future Outcomes. If – then scenarios may be formulated thus predicting
future results.
Experimental Research
❑ Experimental research is the type of research that uses
a scientific approach towards manipulating one or
more control variables of the research subject(s) and
measuring the effect of this manipulation on the
subject.
❑ is usually undertaken when the goal of the research is to
trace cause-and-effect relationships between defined
variables.
Non-experimental Research
❑ Non-experimental research is the type of research that
of control or independent variables does not involve
manipulation. In non-experimental research, researchers
measure variables as they naturally occur without any
further manipulation.
❑ This type of research is used when the researcher has no
specific research question about a causal relationship
between 2 different variables, and manipulation of the
independent variable is impossible.
something
is
purposefully
changed
by
Manipulation
the researcher in the environment
Control
Randomization
an element that remains unchanged or
unaffected by other variables
assigning participants to treatment and control
groups, assuming that each participant has an
equal chance of being assigned to any group
Quantitative Research Methods
Experimental
True Experimental
Pre-experimental
Non-experimental
QuasiExperimental
Descriptive
1. Survey 2. Correlational 3. Ex-Post
Facto Studies 4. Comparative 5.
Evaluative
True Experimental Research
A type of experimental design where the
researcher randomly assigns test units and
treatments to the experimental groups.
Quasi-Experimental Research
There is manipulation but either randomization or control is absent.
Non-Randomized Control Group Design
Experimental Group
Pretest
Treatment
Post-test
Control Group
Pretest
No treatment
Post-test
Time Series Design
Experimental Group
Observation
Treatment
Observation
Pre-experimental Research
There is manipulation but there is NO control and randomization
One Shot Case-Design
Experimental Group
Treatment
Post-test
One Group Pretest Post-Test Design
Experimental Group
Pretest
Treatment
Post Test
Non Experimental Research
1. Survey - Descriptive survey research uses surveys to gather data
about varying subjects. This data aims to know the extent to
which different conditions can be obtained among these
subjects.
2. Correlational - Descriptive correlational studies describe the
variables and the relationships that occur naturally between and
among them.
3. Ex-Post Facto Studies - looks like an experiment because groups
are compared; there is, however a key difference – no
manipulation of the independent variable. With ex post facto
research, the difference between groups on the independent
variable occurs independent of the researcher.
* Correlating past events to the present events
Non Experimental Research
3. Comparative - essentially compares two groups in
an attempt to draw a conclusion about them.
Researchers attempt to identify and analyze
similarities and differences between groups
4. Evaluative - also known as evaluation research or
program evaluation, is a type of research you can
use to evaluate a product or concept and collect
data that helps improve your solution.
Strengths and Weaknesses
S T R E N G T H S
✔ It is objective and the most reliable
and valid way of concluding results
due to a large sample of the
population.
✔ The use of statistical tools facilitates
sophisticated analyses and allows
you to comprehend on a huge
amount of vital characteristics of
data.
✔ It is real and unbiased.
✔ The numerical data can be analyzed
in a quick and easy way.
✔ Quantitative studies are replicable.
✔ Existence of experiments for testing
the results
W E A K N E S S E S
❖Requires a large number of
respondents
❖It is costly. The expenses will be
greater in reaching out to these
people and in reproducing the
questionnaires.
❖The information is contextual factor to
help interpret the results or to explain
variations are usually ignored.
❖Measures only a fraction of human
behavior.
❖If not done seriously and correctly,
data from questionnaires may be
incomplete and inaccurate.
Activity 1: Construct a 3-item quiz
regarding the topic.
Example:
Luna has observed that the learners are having
difficulty with their Physics performance so she
proposed an intervention which is ‘experiential
learning’, she conducted it using control and
experimental group. What research method did
Luna use in her study?