5G
5G Handset
• 5G smart phones are going to be taking over in
2019, with many of the biggest names in the
business already confirming 5G-ready handsets
such as the Samsung Galaxy S10, Huawei P30,
and OnePlus 7 are scheduled for launch next year.
• Then throw in the fact that Qualcomm's
President, Christiano Amon, has confirmed that
"every Android vendor is working of 5G right
now", and it becomes increasingly clear that by
the end of 2019 5G is going to be well and truly
here.
IMC-2018
• The RIL Chairman said that all phones in India
would be connected with the high-speed 4G
network by 2020.
• "By 2020, India will be fully 4G," he said
adding that, by that time the country would
be ready for 5G connectivity.
Indian Government initiative
• Can’t afford to miss the 5G bus: Telecom minister
Manoj Sinha
• “Government has set up a high-level forum in three key
ministries to identify potential use cases in sectors like
healthcare, education to leverage 5G’s low latency and
high throughput with the use of Internet of Things (IoT)
and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communications,”
Technologies such as the Artificial Intelligence (AI),
Machine Learning and cloud have been identified by
the department as some of the capabilities arising out
of 5G.
5G in INDIA
• The regulator focused on the 5G business in
the new auction process. It has issued
recommendations for the proposed 5G
spectrum in the 3300-3600 MHz band. The
regulator also gave recommendations for
spectrum sale in the 700 Mhz, 800 Mhz, 900
Mhz and 1800 Mhz bands.
5G in INDIA
• India’s largest telecom service provider Bharti
Airtel Ltd said that it would deploy a so-called
Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
(MIMO) technology, which is a key enabler for
5G networks.
• “It is a pre-5G technology that will make the
network future ready for meeting the data
demand coming from digital revolution and
data explosion in India,”
5G in INDIA
• “We have created a high-level 5G committee that
will work on the vision, mission and goals of 5G,”
telecom minister Manoj Sinha
• “When the world will roll out 5G in 2020, I
believe India will be at par with them,” Sinha said.
• "Jio has 5G-ready LTE network and we are
capable of launching the new technology-based
services within five-six months once spectrum is
allocated,” JIO officials
5G in INDIA
• Anupam ShrivastavaVerified
account @CMDBSNL May 18More
• India has to and will launch #5G with the rest
of the world in 2019. The groundwork for this
has already begun.
• “3G was launched in India after seven years
the technology was available in other foreign
markets and 4G services after four years’ lag
but 5G will be launched in India in 2020 as
soon the standards are freezed by ITU,”
5G in INDIA
BSNL has inked a pact with Japan’s Softbank
and NTT Communications to roll out 5G and
internet of things (IoT) technology in India,
BSNL has signed an agreement with Nokia and
Cisco as well for developing 5G ecosystem.
5G Known as
2G
• GSM
• CDMA
3G
• UMTS
• CDMA 2000
4G
• LTE
• WI-MAX
Known as ?
What is 5G
• What is 5G
Question From Video
• What are the Five main technology which is
the foundation of 5 G ?
1 Millimeter Wave
2 Small cell
3 Massive MIMO
4 Beamforming
5 Full Duplex
Mobile Networks Evolution- up to 5G
GSM/EDGE
WCDMA
2G
Future
Now
Yesterday
HSPA+
HSPA
3G
LTE-A
LTE
4G
IMT2020
5G
Mobile Networks Evolution- up to 5G
14
Standardization of 5G Time line (ITU & 3GPP)
2G, 3G, 4G & 5G Download Speeds
Generation
Icon
Technology
Maximum
Typical Download
Speed
Download Speed
G
GPRS
0.1Mbit/s
<0.1Mbit/s
E
EDGE
0.3Mbit/s
0.1Mbit/s
3G
3G (Basic)
0.3Mbit/s
0.1Mbit/s
H
HSPA
7.2Mbit/s
1.5Mbit/s
H+
HSPA+
21Mbit/s
4Mbit/s
H+
DC-HSPA+
42Mbit/s
8Mbit/s
4G
4G
LTE
150Mbit/s
12-15Mbit/s
4G+
4G+
2G
3G
5G
5G
LTE-Advanced 979Mbit/s
5G
200Mbit/s
1,00010,000Mbit/s 300Mbit/s
(1-10Gbit/s)
2G, 3G, 4G & 5G Download Speeds
• The actual download speeds you get will
depend on a number of factors such as your
location, whether you are indoors or
outdoors, the distance to nearby masts and
the amount of congestion on them. You can
measure the actual download speed of your
connection using tools like Google’s Speed
Test, Netflix’s Fast.com or Ookla’s
SpeedTest.net.
Latency comparison
Generation
Typical Latency
2G
500ms (0.5 seconds)
3G
100ms (0.1 seconds)
4G
50ms (0.05 seconds)
5G
1ms (0.001 seconds)*
5G NR
 5G New Radio (NR) is the wireless standard that will become the
foundation for the next generation of mobile networks.
 5G NR development is part of continuous mobile broadband
evolution process to meet the requirements of 5G as outlined by
IMT-2020
 In past 3G and 4G connected people, where as future 5G will
connect everything means 5G NR will be connecting our
smartphones, cars, meters, wearables and etc.
 It aims to make wireless broadband same as of wireline with the
fiber-like performance
 3GPP 5G NR standard published with 3GPP Release 15 in June
2018
5G Technology KPIs
• 3GPP is still in process of finishing out 5G/NR Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs). These KPIs are driven
from ITM-2020 and some of these are listed below.
These KPIs mainly consider three broad categories:
• Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
• URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications)/
Mission Critical Control (MCC)
• mMTC (massive Machine Type
Communications)/Massive Internet of Things (Massive
IoT)
Why 5G ?
• Why 5G ? (Vidio 3)
5G Technology KPIs
• The initial phase of 5G Non-Standalone
deployments focuses on eMBB, which provides
greater data-bandwidth complemented by
moderate latency improvements on both 5G NR
and 4G LTE. This will help to develop today’s
mobile broadband use cases such as emerging
AR/VR media and applications, UltraHD or 360degree streaming video and many more.
5G use case
• 5G use case
(Vidio 4)
Parameter
Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
Category
Peak Data Rate
DL- 20 Gbps UL -10 Gbps
eMBB
Spectral Efficiency
DL- 30 bits/Hz UL- 15bits/Hz
eMBB
Latency
C-Plane -10 ms , U-Plane 0.5ms
URLLC/MCC
User Expe. Data Rate
DL-100 Mbps , UL -50 Mbps
eMBB
Area Traffic Capacity
10 Mbits/s/m2
mMTC/IoT
Connection Density
1 million Devices/Km2
mMTC/IoT
Energy Efficiency
90% Reduction in Energy usage
mMTC/ IoT
Reliability
1 packet loss out of 100 million packets
URLLC/MCC
Mobility
Mobility Interruption Time
500Km/h
0 ms
eMBB
URLLC/MCC
System Bandwidth support
upto 1GHz
eMBB
Coverage
UE Battery Life
mMTC- 164 dB
mMTC – 15 years
mMTC/ IoT
mMTC/ IoT
5G and 4G Comparison
A Short comparison of 5G and 4G technologies is given is table below
Technology
Data Rates
Energy
Mobility
Users
Latency
Spectrum Efficiency
Efficienc
Support
Density
y
x3 Better
5G (NR)
Avg 100 Mb/s Peak 20
Gb/s
~ 1 ms
> 500
Km/h
4G (LTE)
Avg 25 Mb/s Peak 300
Mb/s
~10- 50 Upto 350 DL – 6 bits/Hz UL- 4
~ 2K /
Moderate
ms
Km/h
Bits/Hz
square Km
DL- 30 bits/Hz UL15bits/Hz
1000K/sq
uare Km
x100
Better
5G and 4G Comparison
A 2GB plan will let you stream
47 hours of low-quality music
28 hours of normal-quality music
17 hours of high-quality music
6.5 hours of low-quality video
2.8 hours of standard definition video
2.2 hours of 720p video
1.3 hours of 1080p video
0.6 hours of 2K video
0.25 hours of 4K video
5G and 4G Comparison
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.2-0.5Mbps – 140p
0.5 – 1Mbps – 240p
1-2Mbps – 360p
2-3Mbps – 480p
3-4Mbps – 720p
4-6Mbps – 1080p
8-10Mbps – 1440p
25-35Mbps – 2160p
5G NR (New Radio) Frequency Bands
• As per 3GPP, these frequency bands are
designated for different frequency ranges (FR)
as FR1 and FR2.
• Designation
Range
• FR1
• FR2
450 MHz – 6000 MHz
24250 MHz – 52600 MHz
NR Bands Classification
Apart from FR (frequency range) NR bands can be
classified into three into categories
• Frequency Division Duplex Bands (FDD)
• Time Division Duplex Bands (TDD)
• Supplementary Bands (SUL) : Downlink Supplement
Bands & Uplink Supplement Bands
NR has introduced a new notation for band
which starts with “n” e.g. Band 20 is noted as n20
where in LTE it was termed as B20.
5G mmWave Spectrum
• The complete spectrum is shown in figure , it Yellow the existing bands
which can be already been in use and can be utilized by NR for mobile
broadband and massive IoT types of applications. Then shows the band
with colour as green which is under study by ITU WRC-19 and red collared
band with larger bandwidth.
5G mmWave Spectrum
5G NR can utilize a spectrum from 6 GHz to 100 GHz.
There is 10x increase in 5G system bandwidth
The band for NR are basically classified as Low Band, Mid
Band and High Band
 Low bands below 1 GHz: longer range for e.g. mobile
broadband and IoT e.g. 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 850/900 MHz
 Mid bands 1 GHz to 6 GHz: wider bandwidths for e.g. eMBB
and mission-critical e.g. 3.4-3.8 GHz, 3.8-4.2 GHz, 4.4-4.9 GHz
 High bands above 24 GHz (mmWave): extreme bandwidths
e.g. 24.25-27.5 GHz, 27.5-29.5, 37-40, 64-71 GHz
Three key frequency ranges are currently worthy of
consideration for different 5G deployment scenarios
Sub-1 GHz




Ideal coverage band could
provide a very useful means of
extending a superior 5G user
experience into rural areas and
deep inside buildings.
Could not support extremely
wide bandwidths and therefore
enable the fastest possible data
rates
But Help prevent a new digital
divide
by
ensuring
the
improved experience.
Reaches more people in both
developed,
and
especially
developing, markets.
1-6 GHz


There are numerous existing
mobile bands between 1 GHz2.6 GHz, and when 5G
technology is ready to deploy
there may be others between
2.6 GHz and 4 GHz.
Although these bands offer a
reasonable mixture of coverage
and capacity they are unlikely to
be able to support the highest
potential 5G data rates without
carrier aggregation.
Above 6 GHz


This spectrum could support
very wide channel sizes and
therefore extremely fast data
rates, and massive additional
mobile
network
capacity,
making it fertile territory for 5G
research.
However, heavy reliance on
these
bands
without
complimentary lower frequency
spectrum may mean 5G
services are limited to small
urban
areas
and
inside
buildings
as
its
radio
propagation qualities would
favor small cell sizes.
5G Bands and its impact on Cell size
5G NR Deployment & Spectrum Scenarios
• 5G NR Deployments is expected to be into
different morphology namely Indoor hotspot,
Dense Urban, Rural, Urban Macro, High speed
train, mMTC, and Urban grid with connected
car. These all deployments is expected to in
specific spectrum band or range of frequency
to accommodate the High date rate, deep
indoor coverage; mobility support etc.
• Table:-
5G NR Deployment & Spectrum Scenarios
5G Network Abbreviations and Terminologies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
New RAN: A Radio Access Network which can supports either NR/E-UTRA or both
and have capabilities to interface with Next Generation Core Network (NG-CN).
NG-C/U is the Control/User Plane interface toward NG-CN
gNB: New Radio (NR) Base stations which shall have capability to interface with 5G
Core named as NG-CN over NG-C/U (NG2/NG3) interface as well as 4G Core known
as Evolved Packet Core (EPC) over S1-C/U interface.
eLTE eNB: An eLTE eNB is evolved eNodeB that can support connectivity to EPC as
well as NG-CN
Non-standalone NR : It is a 5G Network deployment configuration, where a gNB
needs a LTE eNodeB as an anchor for control plane connectivity to 4G EPC or eLTE
eNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to NG-CN
Standalone NR: It is a 5G Network deployment configuration where gNB does not
need any assistance for connectivity to core Network, it can connect by its own to
NG-CN over NG2 and NG3 interfaces
Non-standalone E-UTRA: It is a 5G Network deployment configuration where the
eLTE eNB requires a gNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to NG-CN.
Standalone E-UTRA: It is typical 4G network deployment where a 4G LTE eNB
connects to EPC
Xn Interface: It is an logical interface which interconnect the New RAN nodes i.e. it
interconnects gNB to gNB and eLTE eNB to gNB and visa versa.
Deployments Scenarios for 5G NR
• NR is capable of working in Non-standalone as
well as standalone deployments, the Phase 1
deployment is to be considered as Nonstandalone deployments
LTE eNB is a master node
• This network topology is going to be most
famous for the Phase 1 non-standalone
deployments. LTE eNB will be master and
anchor the NR cell. All the signaling procedure
shall be done at LTE cell.
LTE eNB is a master node
gNB is a master node
• This network deployment shall be part of
phase 2 where NR cell shall have stand-alone
operational capabilities and it shall capable of
anchoring the eLTE eNB. All signaling
procedure shall be done at NR cell.
gNB is a master node
What Is 5G Network Slicing
• Each use case receives a unique set of optimized
resources and network topology — covering
certain SLA-specified factors such as connectivity,
speed, and capacity — that suit the needs of that
application.
• Network slicing is a type of virtual networking
architecture in the same family as softwaredefined networking (SDN)and network functions
virtualization (NFV) — two closely related
network virtualization technologies that are
moving modern networks toward softwarebased automation.
What Is 5G Network Slicing?
SDN and NFV – Key Functionalities
• Software-defined Networking (SDN) and
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) will be
key functionalities to enable migration from
4G to 5G and scale their networks quickly and
accordingly. SDN, with their virtual “subnetworks”, will be used for bigger bandwidth
applications such as videos with throughput
speeds of 10 Gb/s as well as lower
applications such as smart watches, which are
less demanding on the networks.
5G Reference Network Architecture
• In recent meetings, 3GPP comes to an interim
agreement for non-roaming 5G reference
network architecture. The agreed reference
network architecture as per 3GPP TR 23.799.
5G Reference Network Architecture
Access and Mobility Management
Function (AMF)
• Termination of RAN Control Plane interface (NG2)
– Termination of NAS (NG1), NAS ciphering and integrity protection
– Mobility Management
– Lawful intercept (for AMF events and interface to Lawful
Inetercept System)
– Transparent proxy for routing access authentication and SM
messages
– Access Authentication
– Access Authorization
– Security Anchor Function (SEA): It interacts with the UDM and the
UE, receives the intermediate key that was established as a result of
the UE authentication process; in case of USIM based
authentication, the AMF retrieves the security material from the
UDM
– Security Context Management (SCM): it receives a key from the
SEA that it uses to derive access-network specific keys
User plane Function (UPF)
• QoS handling for User plane
– Packet routing & forwarding
– Packet inspection and Policy rule enforcement
– Lawful intercept (User Plane)
– Traffic accounting and reporting
– Anchor point for Intra-/Inter-RAT mobility
(when applicable)
– Support for interaction with external DN for
transport of signaling for PDU session
authorization/authentication by external DN
Session Management Control
Function (SMF)
• Session Management
– UE IP address allocation & management (including optional
Authorization)
– Selection and control of User Plane function
– Termination of interfaces towards Policy control and Charging functions
– Control part of policy enforcement and QoS
– Lawful intercept (for Session Management events and interface to
Lawful Intercept System)
– Termination of Session Management parts of NAS messages
– Downlink Data Notification
– Initiator of Access Node specific Session Management information, sent
via AMF over NG2 to Access Node
– Roaming functionality
– Handle local enforcement to apply QoS SLAs (VPLMN)
– Charging data collection and charging interface (VPLMN)
– Lawful intercept (in VPLMN for Session Management events and
interface to Lawful Intercept System)
• Data Network (DN): Operator services, Internet access or
other services
Authentication Server Function (AUSF) – Performs
authentication processes with the UE
Unified Data Management (UDM) – Supports:
– Authentication Credential Repository and Processing
Function (ARPF); this function stores the long-term security
credentials used in authentication for AKA
– Storing of Subscription information
Policy Control Function (PCF) – Provides:
– Support of unified policy framework to govern network
behavior
– Policy rules to control plane function(s) that enforce them
Application Function (AF) – Requests dynamic policies
and/or charging control
Network Interface Naming
• NG1: Reference point between the UE and the Access and Mobility
Management function
• NG2: Reference point between the gNB and the Access and Mobility
Management function
• NG3: Reference point between the gNB and the User plane function
(UPF)
• NG4: Reference point between the Session Management function
(SMF) and the User plane function (UPF)
• NG5: Reference point between the Policy Function (PCF) and an
Application Function (AF)
• NG6: Reference point between the User Plane function (UPF) and a
Data Network (DN)
• NG7: Reference point between the Session Management function
(SMF) and the Policy Control function (PCF)
• NG8: Reference point between Unified Data Management and AMF
• NG9: Reference point between two Core User plane functions (UPFs)
Network Interface Naming
• NG10: Reference point between UDM and SMF
• NG11: Reference point between Access and Mobility
Management function (AMF) and Session Management
function (SMF)
• NG12: Reference point between Access and Mobility
Management function (AMF) and Authentication Server
function (AUSF)
• NG13: Reference point between UDM and Authentication
Server function (AUSF)
• NG14: Reference point between 2 Access and Mobility
Management function (AMF)
• NG15: Reference point between the PCF and the AMF in
case of non-roaming scenario, V-PCF and AMF in case of
roaming scenario
BSNL in 5G
BSNL initiative in 5G
• BSNL is gearing up for 5G as signed MoUs
with Nokia, ZTE and a Korean firm.
• As Per BSNL HQ It is expects to start field trial
of 5G services by the end of this financial year.
• BSNL and NTT Advance Technology Corporation
(Telecom leader in Japan) along with their
partners in India Virgo Corp have signed a MoU
(memorandum of understanding) to collaborate
in futuristic technologies such as artificial
intelligence / IoT and jointly create a 5G test bed.
Conclusion & Takeaways
 5G race is still going on, Commercial deployment of 5G systems is expected in years
2020+, Field trials planned from year 2018 onwards, not yet based on commercial
products.
 5G will provide at least a ten-fold improvement in user experience compared to 4G
in terms of peak data rates and minimal latency
 5G will deliver an ecosystem for sustainable technical and business innovation
 5G will support multi tenancy and network resource slicing models, New
architectures will be used (using Likely many of the generalized concepts –SDR, CR,
SDN, NFV, … )
 5G will be designed to be a sustainable and scalable technology
 5G spectrum and Bands not yet finalized
Thank you