Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, 10e, Global Edition (Taylor)
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell
4.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which statement about cells is true?
A) All cells have cell walls.
B) All cells have internal structures that move.
C) All cells are attached to other cells.
D) All cells are motile.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.1
2) Light microscopes
A) typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope.
B) work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied.
C) use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.
D) are generally not used to view bacteria.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.8
3) One centimeter = ________ millimeters.
A) 0.01
B) 0.10
C) 10
D) 100
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 4
4) Resolution is the
A) ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.
B) size of an image.
C) ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image.
D) distance between the lenses of a microscope.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.8
1
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5) Which statement about electron microscopes is true?
A) Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.
B) Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure.
C) Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces.
D) Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.8
6) A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells
use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which instrument would be best, and
why?
A) a light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells
B) a transmission electron microscope, because it has high resolution
C) a scanning electron microscope, because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces
D) a scanning electron microscope, because it can be used to observe whole cells without slicing
them
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2
7) Cell theory states that
A) all living things are made of many cells.
B) cells can be created from molecules spontaneously.
C) all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.
D) cells make up living and nonliving substances.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.1
8) A scientist wants to magnify a pollen grain 8,000 times and examine the ridges and pores on
its surface. Which instrument would be best?
A) a transmission electron microscope
B) a scanning electron microscope
C) a fluorescence microscope
D) a light microscope
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2
2
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9) A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron
microscope is used to study ________.
A) live cells; dead cells
B) cell surfaces; internal cell structures
C) dead cells; live cells
D) internal cell structures; cell surfaces
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.8
10) The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from
A) 0.1 to 1.0 micrometers.
B) 1.0 to 10 micrometers.
C) 10 to 100 micrometers.
D) 100 to 1,000 micrometers.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
11) As cell size increases, the
A) volume and surface area decrease.
B) volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.
C) surface area increases proportionally more than the volume.
D) ratio of surface area to volume stays the same.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.3
Global LO: 4
12) Which cell has the greatest surface-to-volume ratio?
A) bacterium
B) human red blood cell
C) human muscle cell
D) ostrich egg
Answer: A
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.3
Global LO: 2, 4
3
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13) A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and
larger. This situation
A) should present no problem to the cell, since it can continue to perform all other necessary
functions.
B) should present no problem to the cell, because the surface area of the cell will increase as the
volume of the cell increases.
C) will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer
membrane will not increase as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.
D) should be beneficial, since the cell will be able to divert the ATP normally used for cell
division to other processes.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.3
Global LO: 2
14) Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your
mouth. What should you do?
A) Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. Since each little piece
must be dissolved separately, the drop will last longer.
B) Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio and slows the
dissolution of the cough drop.
C) Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. This decreases the
surface-to-volume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.
D) It doesn't matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough
drop is all that matters.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.3
Global LO: 2
15) A pathologist who wants to examine a patient's liver cells to determine if the mitochondria
have an internal structural defect will likely need to use a
A) light microscope.
B) transmission electron microscope.
C) scanning electron microscope.
D) fluorescence microscope.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2
4
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16) In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
A) are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.
B) are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water.
C) are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the
membrane.
D) are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
17) Archaea are composed of ________ cells.
A) prokaryotic
B) bacterial
C) eukaryotic
D) animal
Answer: A
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
18) Which structure is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?
A) membrane-bound nucleus
B) nucleoid
C) chromosome
D) ribosomes
Answer: B
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
19) The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell
A) contains the cell's DNA.
B) separates the RNA from the cytoplasm.
C) is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane.
D) contains the cell's nucleoli.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
5
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20) ________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
A) Plant
B) Prokaryotic
C) Eukaryotic
D) Fungal
Answer: B
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
21) A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its
A) ribosomes.
B) nucleus.
C) nucleoid.
D) capsule.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
22) Which structure(s) is/are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?
A) flagella
B) nucleoid
C) anchoring junctions
D) capsule
Answer: D
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
23) The membranous compartmentalization of a cell
A) divides the cell into two equal-sized halves.
B) allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.
C) requires the presence of a cell wall.
D) is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.4
6
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24) Which statement about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?
A) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes greatly increase a cell's total membrane area.
B) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes provide an additional area for many metabolic
processes to occur.
C) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles.
D) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular
organelles.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.4
25) You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at
them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude
correctly that the cells
A) are plant cells.
B) are animal cells.
C) are bacterial cells.
D) could be either plant or bacterial cells.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.4
Global LO: 2
26) Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal
cells have ________.
A) chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles
B) centrioles; chloroplasts; cell walls
C) chloroplasts; cell walls; a nucleus
D) centrioles; cell walls; large central vacuoles
Answer: A
Topic: 4.4, 4.16
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.4
27) Which statement about cellular metabolism is false?
A) Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions.
B) Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles.
C) Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.
D) Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.6
7
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28) The nucleus of a cell
A) is surrounded by a single layer of membrane.
B) is contained within the nucleolus.
C) contains DNA.
D) is the primary location of protein synthesis.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
29) The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called
A) chromatin.
B) a nucleolus.
C) a ribosome.
D) a lysosome.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
30) During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called
A) ribosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) chromosomes.
D) nucleoli.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
31) The function of the nucleolus is
A) to manufacture polypeptides.
B) to manufacture ribosomal RNA.
C) intracellular digestion.
D) to store chromatin.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
8
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32) Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which
A) is made in the nucleolus.
B) must be made by the ribosomes.
C) is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
D) carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
33) Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?
A) nuclear envelope
B) plasma membrane
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) cytoplasm
Answer: B
Topic: 4.6
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
34) Which statement regarding the endomembrane system is false?
A) The endomembrane system is involved in the synthesis, storage, and export of important
molecules.
B) The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope.
D) The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically
connected.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.7
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
35) The endomembrane system includes all of these organelles except the
A) plasma membrane.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) peroxisome.
D) Golgi apparatus.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.7, 4.12
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
9
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36) An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies (a type of
protein) per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you
expect to be very prominent within the cell?
A) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) peroxisome
D) microtubules
Answer: B
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.5
Global LO: 2
37) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells.
B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
C) produces proteins for cell membranes.
D) helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
38) The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of
A) mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.
B) hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell.
C) ribosomes and steroid hormones.
D) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
39) Secretory proteins are
A) produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) chemically modified in the nucleus.
C) produced by the cell for internal use.
D) released from the cell through the plasma membrane.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
10
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40) The cells that produce hair made of protein contain a lot of ________, while the cells that
produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ________.
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomes
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) microbodies; lysosomes
Answer: B
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.5
Global LO: 2
41) The Golgi apparatus
A) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another.
B) stores, modifies, and packages proteins.
C) strings together amino acids to produce proteins.
D) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.9
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
42) Which statement regarding the Golgi apparatus is false?
A) The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory.
C) The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production.
D) The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.9
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
43) Which statement about lysosomes is false?
A) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.
C) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes.
D) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.10
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
11
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44) Tay-Sachs disease results from the malfunction of
A) mitochondria.
B) lysosomes.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nucleoli.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.10
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.4, 4.5
Global LO: 5
45) Tay-Sachs disease
A) causes an accumulation of lipids in brain cells.
B) involves damage to liver cells.
C) is due to the absence of an enzyme that digests polysaccharides.
D) prevents the breakdown of glycogen.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.10
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.4
Global LO: 5
46) Which statement about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?
A) The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water.
B) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products.
C) The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.
D) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.11
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.4
47) Contractile vacuoles
A) are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water.
B) help in the excretion of excess salt.
C) prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water.
D) allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.11
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.4
12
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48) A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found
to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples
of these organisms taken from the pond would find that they
A) have lost water and shrunk.
B) have gained water and burst.
C) have died of malnutrition.
D) have died because wastes have built up in the cytoplasm.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.11
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.4
Global LO: 2, 5
49) Which organelle is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of
alcohol?
A) peroxisome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) smooth ER
D) ribosomes
Answer: A
Topic: 4.12
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
50) Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream.
Which list correctly orders the structures through which insulin passes, from its production to its
exit from the cell?
A) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
B) rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane
C) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane
D) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane
Answer: A
Topic: 4.12
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.5
Global LO: 2
51) The function of mitochondria is
A) cellular respiration.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) photosynthesis.
D) intracellular digestion.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.13
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
13
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52) Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of
A) ATP synthesis increases.
B) ATP synthesis decreases.
C) photosynthesis increases.
D) protein synthesis increases.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.13
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.6
Global LO: 2
53) The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and
enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.
A) stroma
B) intermembrane space
C) cristae
D) matrix
Answer: C
Topic: 4.13
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.6
54) The function of chloroplasts is
A) cellular respiration.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) photosynthesis.
D) intracellular digestion.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.14
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.6
55) The stroma is the
A) thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane.
B) watery fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
C) space between the inner and outer membranes of a chloroplast.
D) space between the inner and outer membranes of a mitochondrion.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.14
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.6
14
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56) Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria
A) convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert one form
of chemical energy to another.
B) contain three different membrane-bound compartments, whereas chloroplasts contain two.
C) contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in
stacks called grana.
D) are not found in plants, whereas chloroplasts are not found in animals.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.13, 4.14
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.6
57) The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that
A) two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other.
B) a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.
C) a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes for use by the larger
cell.
D) two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.15
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.5
58) The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the these pieces of evidence except the
fact that
A) mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes.
B) mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes.
C) chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes.
D) chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.15
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.5
Global LO: 2
59) Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments
A) are thicker than microtubules.
B) are found only in plants, whereas microtubules are found in both plant and animal cells.
C) are mainly composed of actin, whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin.
D) help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape
and move.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.16
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
15
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60) Which statement about the cytoskeleton is false?
A) The cytoskeleton helps to support cells.
B) Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.
C) The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and
intermediate filaments.
D) The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.16
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
61) Intermediate filaments
A) guide the movements of chromosomes.
B) surround the nucleus.
C) guide the movements of organelles.
D) support the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.16
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
62) A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt
A) the amoeboid motion of a cell.
B) the function of lysosomes.
C) contraction of muscle cells.
D) the movements of sperm cells.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.16, 4.18
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.7
Global LO: 2
63) Cilia differ from flagella in that
A) cilia contain nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules, whereas
flagella contain only nine microtubule doublets.
B) the protein filaments of cilia are "naked," whereas those of flagella are wrapped in an
extension of the cell membrane.
C) cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella.
D) cilia are anchored only in the proteins of the cell membrane, whereas flagella are anchored in
a special structure called the basal body.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.18
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
16
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64) A basal body is
A) composed of nine microtubule triplets surrounding a central pair of microtubules.
B) similar in structure to centrioles.
C) composed of nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules.
D) identical in structure to cilia.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.18
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
65) Dynein feet
A) are present in cilia but not in flagella.
B) are knobs of carbohydrate that are essential to the movement of cilia and flagella.
C) are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling
at adjacent microtubule doublets.
D) are the anchoring proteins in basal bodies.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.18
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
66) A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of her partner's sperm indicates
that dynein feet are missing from the flagella in his sperm cells. A physician explains that this
could interfere with fertility by
A) preventing the sperm from attaching to the egg cell.
B) preventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell.
C) preventing the sperm from producing enough energy to power swimming.
D) interfering with the attachment of the flagella to the sperm.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.18
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.7
Global LO: 2, 5
67) Most animal cells are
A) surrounded by a cell wall.
B) attached to each other via plasmodesmata.
C) embedded in an extracellular matrix.
D) embedded in a lipid matrix.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.19
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
17
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68) The extracellular matrix attached to cells via glycoproteins may then bind to ________ in the
plasma membrane.
A) dynein
B) collagen
C) integrins
D) polysaccharides
Answer: C
Topic: 4.19
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
69) Which process would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming tight
junctions?
A) attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix
B) direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another
C) integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract
D) attachment of the cytoskeleton to the inside of the plasma membrane
Answer: C
Topic: 4.20
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
70) Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by
A) basal bodies.
B) anchoring junctions.
C) tight junctions.
D) gap junctions.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.20
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
71) It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that
would best facilitate this are
A) basal bodies.
B) anchoring junctions.
C) tight junctions.
D) gap junctions.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.20
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
18
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72) Which statement about plant cell walls is false?
A) Plant cell walls consist of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and
proteins.
B) Plant cell walls are multilayered structures.
C) Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.
D) Wood is primarily composed of plant cell walls.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.21
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
73) Which statement regarding plasmodesmata is false?
A) Plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls.
B) Plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells.
C) Plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells.
D) Plasmodesmata are found in plants and animals.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.21
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7
74) Which cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) peroxisomes
D) centrioles
Answer: C
Topic: 4.12
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
75) Which statement regarding cells is false?
A) All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the
surroundings.
B) All cells have a cell wall.
C) All cells can interconvert forms of energy.
D) All cells have DNA as their genetic material.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.22
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
19
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76) A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians
are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact
bacteria. Which explanation could account for this finding?
A) A defect in the Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the
bacteria.
B) A defect in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies
(defensive proteins) that would have inactivated the bacteria.
C) A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells.
D) A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying
engulfed bacteria.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.22
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.2
Global LO: 2, 5
77) Hexokinase is an enzyme that is involved with glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose for
energy release) that occurs in the cytoplasm. What cellular structure makes hexokinase?
A) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) free ribosomes
D) mitochondria
Answer: C
Topic: 4.6
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.2
78) GPCRs are receptor proteins found in the plasma membrane that are important for cellular
communication. What cellular structure makes GPCRs?
A) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) lysosome
D) mitochondria
Answer: B
Topic: 4.6, 4.8
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.2
79) What type of microscopy allowed scientists to visualize the cytoskeleton in living cells?
A) transmission electron microscopy
B) scanning electron microscopy
C) fluorescence microscopy
D) light microscopy
Answer: C
Topic: 4.17
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.7, 4.8
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80) What microscopes would you use to determine the size of a typical animal cell and compare
it to the size of a virus?
A) Only an electron microscope can be used to study both structures.
B) A light microscope can be used to study both structures.
C) A light microscope and an electron microscope can be used to study a typical animal cell, but
only an electron microscope would be used for viruses.
D) Only a light microscope can be used to study a typical animal cell, but both light and electron
microscopes would be used for viruses.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.0
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.1
Global LO: 2
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4.2 Art Questions
1) According to the accompanying figure, which structure(s) is(are) large enough to see in the
light microscope?
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A) atoms
B) proteins
C) viruses
D) mitochondria
Answer: D
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2, 3
2) Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the
surface area of a mitochondrial membrane?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
Answer: D
Topic: 4.13
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
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3) The accompanying figure shows data from an experiment in which researchers measured how
far dynein (a motor protein) traveled in the presence and absence of dynactin (another type of
protein). The y-axis shows the percent of the time that the researchers observed either dynein or
dynein + dynactin "walking" a certain distance on a microtubule. What can you conclude from
these data?
A) The addition of dynactin caused dynein to travel farther along the microtubule.
B) Dynein traveled farther in the absence of dynactin.
C) A higher fraction of the dynein proteins were motile in the absence of dynactin.
D) Dynactin would have the same effects on dynein movement on microfilaments.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.16
Skill: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 4.2
4.3 Scenario Questions
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced
by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The pigment melanin,
produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of
ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body.
The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles,
depending on their function.
1) Melanocytes use many enzymes to produce melanin. Based on their function, you would
expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of
A) lysosomes.
B) chloroplasts.
C) ribosomes.
D) microtubules.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.6
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.2
Global LO: 2
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2) The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which cell organelles?
A) ribosomes
B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) the cell membrane
D) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: D
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.2
Global LO: 2
3) The epidermis is made up of epithelial cells which are held tightly together side by side to
prevent pathogens from entering the body and to prevent unnecessary water loss. What type of
junction holds epithelial cells together to achieve this function?
A) tight junction
B) communicating junction
C) gap junction
D) anchoring junction
Answer: D
Topic: 4.20
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.2
Global LO: 2
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green
fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially labels
the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records a video for several hours.
Later, she sees that the tag is part of a transport vesicle very close to the plasma membrane.
4) What likely happened during the intervening time?
A) The outer membrane of the nucleus broke off and moved the fluorescent tag to the Golgi.
B) The endoplasmic reticulum engulfed the tagged protein and released it in a transport vacuole.
C) Material from the nucleus, including the tag, was being secreted outside the cell.
D) The tag was seen in the Golgi before being seen in a transport vacuole.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.7, 4.12
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.5
Global LO: 2
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5) The fluorescent tag likely became incorporated into which organelles during the video?
A) mitochondria
B) ribosomes
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) peroxisomes
Answer: C
Topic: 4.7, 4.12
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.5
Global LO: 2
6) Which organelle was the least likely to incorporate the fluorescent tag?
A) "receiving" side of Golgi
B) "shipping" side of Golgi
C) mitochondria
D) rough ER
Answer: C
Topic: 4.7, 4.12
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.5
Global LO: 2
7) The ability to stain protein molecules with a fluorescent dye would most clearly allow
researchers to go beyond what they could previously detect with a microscope by allowing them
to
A) detect ribosome activity.
B) detect when DNA is replicating.
C) distinguish a prokaryote from a eukaryote.
D) determine whether a cell had cilia or flagella.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.17
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 4.2
Global LO: 2
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After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Much of the intracellular structure of a eukaryote cell is involved in protein synthesis. The
accompanying figure shows the amounts of protein in cells at different parts of the cell cycle
between two cell divisions. G1 is a stage just after the cell has divided, and G2 is the stage just
before the cell divides again. S is a stage when the cell is synthesizing material such as DNA,
mitochondria, and other organelles.
8) Which of these conclusions cannot reasonably be drawn from the graph?
A) Protein production occurs throughout the cell cycle.
B) An increase in ribosomal activity occurs as a cell prepares to divide.
C) Cells export a large amount of protein following cell division.
D) There is always a supply of amino acids in the cell.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 4.2, 4.8
Global LO: 2, 3
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9) The data show that
A) at any given time there are more cells in G2 than G1.
B) protein used in G1 is recycled to produce protein in S.
C) not all cells at any given stage have the same amount of protein.
D) protein levels in cells remain constant throughout the cell cycle.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2, 3
10) The protein measured in the cells was likely synthesized by
A) mitochondria.
B) the nucleolus.
C) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D) ribosomes.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.6
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 4.2
11) The technique used to produce the data displayed might be useful for a cancer biologist who
wishes to
A) determine whether a drug can prevent cell division.
B) determine the effect of a drug on microtubule assembly.
C) determine the effect of drugs on protein synthesis at various times in the cell cycle.
D) determine the effect of a drug on mitochondrial function.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2, 3, 5, 6
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