...... - - - - WELD SYMBOLS ON DRAWINGS
Section
SET D
1.
THE NEED TO SPECIFY WELDS
2.
THE ADVANTAGES OF SYMBOLS
3.
WELD SYMBOLS 1, BUTT/GROOVE WELDS
5.
WELD SYMBOLS 3, ANSI/AWS SPECIALS
6.
LOCATION OF SYMBOLS 1, BUTT WELDS
7.
LOCATION OF SYMBOLS 2, BUTT WELDS
8.
LOCATION OF SYMBOLS 3, FILLET WELDS
9.
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS 1, WELD SURFACE SYMBOLS
10.
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS 2
11.
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS 3, ANSI/AWS
12.
DIMENSIONS 1, BUTT WELD METAL
13.
DIMENSIONS 2, BUTT WELD PREPARATION, ANSI/AWS
14.
DIMENSIONS 3, FILLET WELD, TRANSVERSE
15.
DIMENSIONS 4, FI LLET WELD, TRANSVERSE
16.
DIMENSIONS 5, FILLET WELD, LONGITUDINAL, ISO/BS
17.
18.
DIMENSIONS 6, FILLET WELD, LONGITUDINAL, ANSI/AWS
PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
19.
STUD WELDS
20.
SPOT AND SEAM WELDS
21.
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING SYMBOLS, ANSI/AWS
22.
EXERCISE 1, FLANGE ENDED PIPE
23.
EXERCISE 2, VESSEL
24.. EXERCISE 3, TANK
25.
EXERCISE 4, BEAM
BOLT
jHERE
I
U
rt/i1
o THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
WELD
/HERE
-.-.,,:
:-_-.:--=..\
--- _"
1 ---- ...----;.I
)'
U
I
U
J
U
1-6
PREPARATION
FULL
PENETRATION
WELD
T
I
t..l-:/,.:.....---_
I
1-------
,
1----- _
M15X25 BOLT
6[7
--f - ---t
(9
~
W/i2
OTHE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
...'_t.JLfIW!
'LH>_~_?~"_t_t_Lt-r
. ut.Jt.Jt.~.,
I
,.....,.
I;~
.
-
II
,~-_., ... ~- ..
_-----,-------------------------
-
(5)
Arrow line
y,..._--=-'---
"Reference
ARROW SIDE
line
OTHER SIDE
M6
'
ii
o THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
, ~ ••• " " " •• .,,, "4t" "..... " 4\ .... it .. "
" ".
E.
-
OTHER SIDE
SYMBOL
ARROW SIDE
SYMBOL
n
...-.-.../
TITLE
3rd ANGLE
"/i
7
C THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
..L'L"_L,,-,. .t_'_J"...t.'.. .,...
_~a....I'I .... ~_"-f
'.~-'-'
~~~~~WWW~W~~www~ili~W~~~~w~W
--
'
..............~'~._............---------------~--
W/i8
OTHE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
v
~
-
[Iii 9
o THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
.' _"'_ ,~~f~LLLL~"'~'"
'.
! !
'
,
~~~~~~~~~~~~W~~~~~~
") \r,
'.
oJ
-
IJ~,V ,
I
~/i10
o THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
I '-J
-
.--
M
MR
M
,
~1i11
OTHE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
.-oIIl"""lII_~~tt.~a-L!Jl.tJL'_'_Lf...'--'-'..AUI!-'-'-'-1t~
,
;
~ ~ ~ \l) \l) ~ ~ ~ I&) ~ ~
W~
II) tJj
\II W IV tli tli lJ) 111 ij; Iii IlJ
v
--~~P
12
8
8
W/i12
""
o THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
, ;,
~ ~~_.~.,~._~_!_~_?J_~_,_,_,_,_,_,.Jt_""'_'.Jt.Jt~~-L'"
c=
G
I
f
{
I
''''''
:1
I
:1
1
0
II
\(
"-
i
i
i
60°
\
18(25)
,
W
H
i
I
./i13
o THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
.
11'_"_!_~ __~_.!_.~__!__!~~-~_~_~_T_'l-T_1'_'Jt_,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,,,,,,-+
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
\ll
~
\ll
~ ~ ~ ~
iii
w IV
W W W W W W W ti;
11) IV tjj Ii) Ii) 11$
'..
~,
t
--....,----------------,.------
"-'-"'-~~'
14
~/i14
o THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1882
20t\.
2019f'\.
19
20
20
3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,18,20,22,25
6)
(10x20)
,
\
~/i15
C THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
.~~fA_'-'~'~L~,-,
...
'.JL'-'-''''''-I-f-'-If1~~ ,
\il
w
~
\il ~ \II \il Ii; ~ ~ \l;. Ii;
U;
\iJ \i} Ii; Ii>
\i,l ~ I;; Ii) til i~ I;) I~
iZi
I
25-75
~
.. ~l.
,
V
25-75
25-75
25-75
25-75
"
ARCWELOJNG
SHIELOEOMETAL ARC WELDING
AW
SMAW
FLUX CORED ARC WELDING
SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
FCAW
SAW
GAS METAL ARC WE LOING
GMAW
GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING
PLASMAARCWF=LD!I\!G
GTAW
,RESISTANCE WELDING'
;iJ;';·F{I~SISTANCESF'.OTWE LDI NG
RES.iSTANCESEAMWE LDI NG
'PROJECTIONWELDING
FLASHWELDING
OXYFUEL GAS WELDING
OXYACETYLENE WELDING
FRICTION WELDING
FORGE WE1.DING
. THERMITWELDING
ELECTROSLAG WELDING
"'STUDARC WELDING
BRAZING
SOLDERING
~.
~/i18
C THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
a111'lIa
~~
RW
RSW
RSEW
RPW
FW
OFW
OAW
FRW
FOW
TW
ESW
SW
B
S
Type of test
Symbol
ACOUSTIC EMISSION
AET
EDDY CURRENT
ET
LEAK
LT
MAGNETIC PARTICLE
MT
........
NEUTRON HAuiOuHAPHiC Nn I
PT
PENETRANT
PRT
PROOF
RT
RADIOGRAPHIC
UT
ULTRASONIC
VT
VISUAL
____ P
VT+UT
- -----+-1-...... - _ _I-
Be)
......-
- -----.""
-RT
~3
~--
PT
W/i 21
''''fIl ••• fJI.fJ\'''''II~tI\tI\~~~(t.ftfi\~~~~~~~ ~
c THe We~DING INSTITUTe 1982
I
,,"
- _. __ . i _ ...
..
~---
.. - .
-~ ~
i
:::
:';
",",',
- -
~-~8"---..-j
~::::t-----
-----4
..........~~~ ..........~Ll_i.
~~lt
Single 'J' welds 10 deep
All dimensions in millimetres
~/i
22
C TH E WE LD ING INSTITUTE 1982
FLANGE ENDED PIPE
-SECTION 23: EXERCISE 2, VESSEL
23 (Base transparency
+ 2 overlays)
BASE TRANSPARENCY
Symbols representing ",!elds to be made: letters in circles are for ease of reference below only.
Problem 1. Describe welds to be made, with sketches where necessary.
Comments
The standard used for welding symbols has not been identified: there are six
1
that it is to ANSI/AWS.
A: process abbreviation in fork is alphabetical.
B, C, 0: 3 x 'melt-thru' symbols.
Band 0: 2 x 'radiographic test' symbol.
<;i~d" ;"d;~~~:~~~
2
A: stud arc welding, confirmed by studs on drawing.
3
Band 0: single-V butt weld with melt-thru, ground flush inside and radiographed.
4
C: single-bevel butt weld, stub pipe only bevelled, (set-on branch), with melt-thru, ground flush
inside.
5
E: fillet weld, of 6mm leg length, both sides of joint. See sketches on overlay (a) for
interpretation.
a
OVERLAY: possible interpretations of flange to tube joint E.
F: this is consistent with the weld symbol, but the view does not show the expected projection
of the tube through the flange: also a form unlikely to be used, because of clearance problems.
G, H: consistent with weld symbol and drawing. To decide between these two, it would be
necessary to have details of the flange.
Problem 2. Modify symbols to conform to BS 499: Part 2: 1980, with joint as at H.
b
OVERLAY: symbols to BS, solution to problem 2.
I: symbol replacing A.
J: symbol replacing B: note that BS can only specify NOT, not specifically radiography. As
there is no 'melt·thru' symbol, only full penetration and a flat rear face can be specified: the
symbol requirements would be met by welding to produce a substantially flat surface, without
further treatment.
K: symbol replacing C }
L: symbol replacing 0
see comments on J above
M: Symbol replacing E
\.J....._--+-_ _L/
<9_
All dimensioN In millimetre.
VESSEL
~/i23
o THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
/
MATERIAL:
STAINLESS STEEL
BODY6mm
FLANGE 20mm
SECTION 25: EXERCISE 4, BEAM
25 (Base transparency and
overlay)
BASE TRANSPARENCY
Sketch of beam, not to scale, to be assembled by manual metal arc welding in the shop and on site.
Problem. Sketch in welding details and symbols to BS 499: Part 2: 1980 (or other standard as
instructed).
a
------
_ ••
-_."-'-.'
..
. "
.'
UVt:t1LAY: ~ULU IIUI~. \LtHl~l~ III
•
I
(,;1Il;1t:::J dlt:
,
"':11
.
1.
_
L
I
__
Icn:::I-';IIl:'c UCIVV·Y
1\
viil"Y·'.
Comments
A
Cope· holes have been introduced to avoid the need to dress welds where they meet other welds,
and to avoid welding up into corners, often a site for defects.
B
We cannot use a 'weld all round' symbol for the end flange joints, as it cannot go over top and
bottom of the flanges, and it is interrupted by the cope·holes.
C
Similarly to B, the web-to·flange joints are in four sections, needing four arrows if they are to be
shown individually.
The spacing in BS is not the pitch (here 300mm) but the distance between the ends of weld
elements, here (300-100) = 200mm.
o
A suggestion to be taken seriously! Apart from simplifying the drawing, complete shop
fabrication can considerably reduce the costs of welding and of quality assurance.
I
...· --10·0m
.----5·1m
1+---
4·9m
·1
I
~-
Top flange wold
flnlshod flush
-
-
x
I
t
I
•
500mm
L_
!
I
I
-
SECTION X-X
x
FLANGES
WEB
END PLATES
End flanges: 12mm flll.t w.ld
II' round (lnsld.)
FI.nge.to....b: 12mm fllI.t w.lds
100mm long, 300mm pitch .och
sid., alternately aach sid•.
~/i25
C THE WELDING INSTITUTE 1982
15mm
10mm
20mm
Not to scale
SKETCH FOR BEAM
f.>.
i""",,:
,I.
'
\
"
.....
_._.
·.O'HI,\I"
_. nr< ~
...... lilt
''''11 ""
-
IOtll 11111
M
_..,
-
_.-
_... r-<
_.-
.'
wII'
ll .. ~~(,vGJlOOv( WUI)ING
~
/
A-.~
~._,
~
,~
.•.•., .
, .HI . '
""10\. 'NDIUIIIIIG !tOOl It(N(1I'u1Qtl
) •. l;X
.~.
,
......
;..... ";.,~; ..."o........... '" •. ,~ __ ,................
l _, "."0.'-
'-.,.- ._,
.I- Ill"/"
~""""OC' Y
...'tlM.......
.......
_1"
._.
w ..... '~
'
,"""""1...._.04
•••I t
'UII WlLDlIIIG ,,,. . . .
J·t
---~W1!C!P
~
,
./
---
_"".-c
.....,. C••ll.ftl.
......... _ ••, _ ,
._.........
..,--_._._11.
-
_..... _.J
11_11&0 1111[. .1"1111 PIU.a WlLDlIIIG
..... "
~
·_1
/
.-.......
•... - _
_-....
.......•--".111..1
~.-t'
"lIIOI.
.--<,...J;.,C~ ,
-/'i".f=;<.'
l£oo.. tSI
W·-·
'---"
-
.
,
...·,
Welding
Symbols
- .......
_.".,
.!-ti'
·,·._. ,,-, ,,..... '.,
..........
...,' ... ,
""'
.
.... '
.... " .... ,
- ( ; . . .._fO
/----1f(~_-<
~
,'.'
'
"'400"
...
,
,
._.--.
--.
.
_.
E
~
E-==
r-.
_..-.
==
~F
=.-=.
=:
::;-:::-::=..
.-c..-::z..
ru
-e:-=-.. . -..
---:'\.-.
-~::::::
....:.:::l..
"Ill
._
S"
_.
.
-....
fIIlLl,l"lN IVIlSOL
'l
·,··.. ·..·
"==<::-..... S""""·COOl'OI,.
'.:: ::::.::
It-S
••.. 1 , ~I'.
~':'.-..: :":..,;·t·
.J
.......
"~IO
..
__.......---........
-"' ,.,..,
..''''-
.
WOf ....-0 SYlllOI.
..........." .. - ' - 1 1 .
>~
_
_ _........
_fli
1Pf."
'"
_
Supplementary Symbols Used with
:.
4'·
I
,
_-
aoctI· AND COllttlI·FUIIGI wne ........ . . /
'I
.J-,.".........II
~
..n ........- ·
\
.. _
....