Perry’s
Chemical
Engineers’
Handbook
ABOUT THE EDITORS
Dr. Don W. Green is Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Kansas
(KU). He holds a B.S. in petroleum engineering from the University of Tulsa, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Oklahoma. He is the coeditor of the sixth edition of Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,
and editor of the seventh and eighth editions. He has authored/coauthored 70 refereed publications, over 100 technical
meeting presentations, and is coauthor of the first and second editions of the SPE textbook Enhanced Oil Recovery.
Dr. Green has won numerous teaching awards at KU, including the Honors for Outstanding Progressive Educator (HOPE)
Award and the Chancellor’s Club Career Teaching Award, the highest teaching recognitions awarded at the University.
He has also been featured as an outstanding educator in ASEE’s Chemical Engineering Education Journal. He received the
KU School of Engineering Distinguished Engineering Service Award (DESA), and has been designated an Honorary Member
of both SPE and AIME and a Fellow of the AIChE.
Dr. Marylee Z. Southard is Associate Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Kansas.
She holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Kansas. Dr. Southard’s research
deals with small molecule drug formulations; but her industrial background is in production and process development
of inorganic chemical intermediates. Dr. Southard’s work in inorganic chemicals production has included process
engineering, design, and product development. She has consulted for industrial and pharmaceutical chemical production
and research companies. She teaches process design and project economics, and has won several university-wide teaching
awards, including the Honors for Outstanding Progressive Educator (HOPE) Award and the Kemper Teaching Fellowship.
She has authored 1 patent, 15 refereed publications, and numerous technical presentations. Her research interests are in
biological and pharmaceutical mass transport. She is a senior member of AIChE and ASEE.
PERRY’S
CHEMICAL
ENGINEERS’
HANDBOOK
NINTH
EDITION
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Editor-in-Chief
Don W. Green
Emeritus Distinguished Professor of
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,
University of Kansas
Associate Editor
Marylee Z. Southard
Associate Professor of Chemical & Petroleum
Engineering, University of Kansas
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Contents
For the detailed contents of any section, consult the title page of that section.
See also the alphabetical index in the back of the handbook.
Section
Unit Conversion Factors and Symbols
Marylee Z. Southard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Marylee Z. Southard, Richard L. Rowley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Physical and Chemical Data
Bruce A. Finlayson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Mathematics
J. Richard Elliott, Carl T. Lira, Timothy C. Frank, Paul M. Mathias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Thermodynamics
Geoffrey D. Silcox, James J. Noble, Phillip C. Wankat, Kent S. Knaebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Heat and Mass Transfer
James N. Tilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Fluid and Particle Dynamics
Tiberiu M. Leib, Carmo J. Pereira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Reaction Kinetics
Thomas F. Edgar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Process Control
Process Economics
James R. Couper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Transport and Storage of Fluids
Heat-Transfer Equipment
Meherwan P. Boyce, Victor H. Edwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Richard L. Shilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying
John P. Hecht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Michael F. Doherty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Distillation
Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation
Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment
Timothy C. Frank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
M. Douglas LeVan, Giorgio Carta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Adsorption and Ion Exchange
Gas–Solid Operations and Equipment
Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment
Reactors
Henry Z. Kister . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Ted M. Knowlton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Wayne J. Genck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Carmo J. Pereira, Tiberiu M. Leib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Bioreactions and Bioprocessing
Gregory Frank, Jeffrey Chalmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Solids Processing and Particle Technology
Waste Management
Process Safety
Karl V. Jacob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Louis Theodore, Paul S. Farber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Daniel A. Crowl, Robert W. Johnson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization
Materials of Construction
Shabbir Ahmed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Lindell R. Hurst, Jr., Edward R. Naylor, Emory A. Ford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Index follows Section 25
v
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Contributors
D. Shabbir Ahmed, Ph.D. Chemical Engineer, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National
Laboratory (Section Editor, Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Brooke Albin, M.S.E. Chemical Engineer, MATRIC (Mid-Atlantic Technology, Research and Innovation Center),
Charleston, WV; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Filtration Society (Crystallization from the
Melt) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
John Alderman, M.S., P.E., C.S.P. Managing Partner, Hazard and Risk Analysis, LLC (Electrical Area
Classification, Fire Protection Systems) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Paul Amyotte, Ph.D., P.Eng. Professor of Chemical Engineering and C.D. Howe Chair in Process Safety,
Dalhousie University; Fellow, Chemical Institute of Canada; Fellow, Canadian Academy of Engineering (Dust Explosions)
(Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Frank A. Baczek, B.S. Sr. Research Advisor, FLSmidth USA, Inc. (Gravity Sedimentation Operations) (Sec. 18, LiquidSolid Operations and Equipment)
Wayne E. Beimesch, Ph.D. Technical Associate Director (Retired), Corporate Engineering, The Procter & Gamble
Company (Drying Equipment, Operation and Troubleshooting) (Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids
Drying)
Ray Bennett, Ph.D., P.E., CEFEI Senior Principal Engineer, Baker Engineering and Risk Consultants, Inc.; Member,
American Petroleum Institute 752, 753, and 756 (Estimation of Damage Effects) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
B. Wayne Bequette, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
(Unit Operations Control, Advanced Control Systems) (Sec. 8, Process Control)
Patrick M. Bernhagen, P.E., B.S. Director of Sales—Fired Heater, Amec Foster Wheeler North America Corp.;
API Subcommittee on Heat Transfer Equipment API 530, 536, 560, and 561 (Compact and Nontubular Heat Exchangers)
(Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
Michael J. Betenbaugh, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University;
Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Emerging Biopharmaceutical and Bioprocessing Technologies and Trends)
(Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
Lorenz T. Biegler, Ph.D. Bayer Professor of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University; Member, National
Academy of Engineering (Sec. 3, Mathematics)
Meherwan P. Boyce, Ph.D., P.E. (Deceased) Chairman and Principal Consultant, The Boyce Consultancy
Group, LLC; Fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (U.S.); Fellow, National Academy Forensic Engineers (U.S.);
Fellow, Institution of Mechanical Engineers (U.K.); Fellow, Institution of Diesel and Gas Turbine Engineers (U.K.); Registered
Professional Engineer (Texas), Chartered Engineer (U.K.); Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi, Phi Kappa Phi. (Section Coeditor,
Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of Fluids)
Jeffrey Breit, Ph.D. Principal Scientist, Capsugel; Member, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
(Product Attribute Control) (Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
vii
viii
COnTRIBUTORS
Laurence G. Britton, Ph.D. Process Safety Consultant; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Fellow,
Energy Institute; Member, Institute of Physics (U.K.) (Flame Arresters) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
nathan Calzadilla, M.S.E. Research Program Assistant, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Emerging Biopharmaceutical and
Bioprocessing Technologies and Trends) (Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
John W. Carson, Ph.D. President, Jenike & Johanson, Inc., Founding member and past chair of ASTM Subcommittee
D18.24, “Characterization and Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids” (Bulk Solids Flow and Hopper Design)
(Sec. 21, Solids Processing and Particle Technology)
Giorgio Carta, Ph.D. Lawrence R. Quarles Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia;
Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society (Section Coeditor, Sec. 16, Adsorption and
Ion Exchange)
Jeffrey Chalmers, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University; Member,
American Institute of Chemical Engineers; American Chemical Society; Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological
Engineering (Section Coeditor, Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
J. Wayne Chastain, B.S., P.E., CCPSC Engineering Associate, Eastman Chemical Company; Member, American
Institute of Chemical Engineers (Layer of Protection Analysis) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Wu Chen, Ph.D. Principal Research Scientist, The Dow Chemical Company; Fellow, American Filtration and
Separations Society (Expression) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Martin P. Clouthier, M.Sc., P.Eng. Director, Jensen Hughes Consulting Canada Ltd. (Dust Explosions)
(Sec. 23, Process Safety)
James R. Couper, D.Sc. Professor Emeritus, The Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Arkansas—Fayetteville (Section Editor, Sec. 9, Process Economics)
Daniel A. Crowl, Ph.D., CCPSC AIChE/CCPS Staff Consultant; Adjunct Professor, University of Utah; Professor
Emeritus of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers;
Fellow, AIChE Center for Chemical Process Safety (Section Coeditor, Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Rita D’Aquino, M.E. Consultant, Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Pollution Prevention)
(Sec. 22, Waste Management)
Michael Davies, Ph.D. President and CEO, Braunschweiger Flammenfilter GmbH (PROTEGO), Member, American
Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, National Fire Protection Association (Flame Arresters) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Sheldon W. Dean, Jr., ScD, P.E. President, Dean Corrosion Technology, Inc.; Fellow, Air Products and
Chemicals, Inc., Retired; Fellow, ASTM; Fellow, NACE; Fellow, AIChE; Fellow, Materials Technology Institute
(Corrosion Fundamentals, Corrosion Prevention) (Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Dennis W. Dees, Ph.D. Senior Electrochemical Engineer, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory (Electrochemical Energy Storage) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Vinay P. Deodeshmukh, Ph.D. Sr. Applications Development Manager—High Temperature and Corrosion
Resistant Alloys, Haynes International Inc. (Corrosion Fundamentals, High-Temperature Corrosion, Nickel Alloys)
(Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Shrikant Dhodapkar, Ph.D. Fellow, The Dow Chemical Company; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(Gas–Solids Separations) (Sec. 17, Gas–Solid Operations and Equipment); (Feeding, Metering, and Dosing) (Sec. 21, Solids
Processing and Particle Technology)
David S. Dickey, Ph.D. Consultant, MixTech, Inc.; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, North
American Mixing Forum (NAMF); Member, American Chemical Society; Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers;
Member, Institute of Food Technology (Mixing and Processing of Liquids and Solids & Mixing of Viscous Fluids, Pastes, and
Doughs) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Michael F. Doherty, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of California—Santa Barbara
(Section Editor, Sec. 13, Distillation)
Arthur M. Dowell, III, P.E., B.S. President, A M Dowell III PLLC; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers;
Senior Member, Instrumentation, Systems and Automation Society (Risk Analysis) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Brandon Downey, B.A.Sc. Principal Engineer, R&D, Lonza; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(Product Attribute Control) (Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
Karin nordström Dyvelkov, Ph.D. GEA Process Engineering A/S Denmark (Drying Equipment, Fluidized Bed
Dryers, Spray Dryers) (Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
COnTRIBUTORS
ix
Thomas F. Edgar, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas—Austin (Section Editor,
Sec. 8, Process Control)
Victor H. Edwards, Ph.D., P.E. Principal, VHE Technical Analysis; Fellow and Life Member, American Institute
of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Chemical Society,
National Society of Professional Engineers; Life Member, New York Academy of Sciences; Registered Professional Engineer
(Texas), Phi Lambda Upsilon, Sigma Tau (Section Coeditor, Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of Fluids)
J. Richard Elliott, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron;
Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Chemical Society; Member, American Society of
Engineering Educators (Section Coeditor, Sec. 4, Thermodynamics)
Dirk T. Van Essendelft, Ph.D. Chemical Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of
Energy (Coal) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
James R. Fair, Ph.D., P.E. (Deceased) Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas; Fellow, American
Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Chemical Society, American Society for Engineering Education, National
Society of Professional Engineers (Section Editor of the 7th edition and major contributor to the 5th, 6th, and 7th editions)
(Sec. 14, Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Yi Fan, Ph.D. Associate Research Scientist, The Dow Chemical Company (Solids Mixing) (Sec. 21, Solids Processing
and Particle Technology)
Paul S. Farber, P.E., M.S. Principal, P. Farber & Associates, LLC, Willowbrook, Illinois; Member, American Institute
of Chemical Engineers, Air & Waste Management Association (Section Coeditor, Sec. 22, Waste Management)
Hans K. Fauske, D.Sc. Emeritus President and Regent Advisor, Fauske and Associates, LLC; Fellow, American
Institute of Chemical Engineers; Fellow, American Nuclear Society; Member, National Academy of Engineering
(Pressure Relief Systems) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Zbigniew T. Fidkowski, Ph.D.
(Sec. 13, Distillation)
Process Engineer, Evonik Industries (Distillation Systems, Batch Distillation)
Bruce A. Finlayson, Ph.D. Rehnberg Professor Emeritus, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Washington; Member, National Academy of Engineering (Section Editor, Sec. 3, Mathematics)
Emory A. Ford, Ph.D. Associate Director, Materials Technology Institute, Chief Scientist and Director of Research,
Lyondell/Bassel Retired, Fellow Materials Technology Institute (Section Coeditor, Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Gregory Frank, Ph.D. Principal Engineer, Amgen Inc.; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers;
Member, Society of Biological Engineering; North American Mixing Forum; Pharmaceutical Discovery, Development, and
Manufacturing Forum (Section Coeditor, Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
Timothy C. Frank, Ph.D. Fellow, The Dow Chemical Company; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(Section Coeditor, Sec. 4, Thermodynamics; Sec. 15, Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and
Equipment)
Walter L. Frank, B.S., P.E., CCPSC President, Frank Risk Solutions, Inc.; AIChE/CCPS Staff Consultant; Fellow,
American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Fellow, AIChE Center for Chemical Process Safety (Hazards of Vacuum, Hazards
of Inerts) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Ben J. Freireich, Ph.D. Technical Director, Particulate Solid Research, Inc. (Solids Mixing, Size Enlargement)
(Sec. 21, Solids Processing and Particle Technology)
James D. Fritz, Ph.D. Consultant, NACE International certified Material Selection Design Specialist; Member of
the Metallic Materials and Materials Joining Subcommittees of the ASME Bioprocessing Equipment Standard, the Ferrous
Specifications Subcommittee of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, and ASM International (Stainless Steels)
(Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Kevin L. Ganschow, B.S., P.E. Senior Staff Materials Engineer, Chevron Corporation; Registered Professional
Mechanical Engineer (California) (Ferritic Steels) (Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Wayne J. Genck, Ph.D. President, Genck International; consultant on crystallization and precipitation; Member,
American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Association for Crystallization Technology,
International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers (ISPE) (Section Editor, Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Craig G. Gilbert, B.Sc. Global Product Manager-Paste, FLSmidth USA, Inc.; Member, Society for Mining, Metallurgy,
and Exploration; Mining and Metallurgical Society of America; Registered Professional Engineer (Gravity Sedimentation
Operations) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
x
COnTRIBUTORS
Roy A. Grichuk, P.E. Piping Director, Fluor, BSME, P.E.; Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
B31 Main Committee, B31MTC Committee, and B31.3 Committee; Registered Professional Engineer (Texas) (Piping)
(Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of Fluids)
Juergen Hahn, Ph.D. Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Advanced Control
Systems, Bioprocess Control) (Sec. 8, Process Control)
Roger G. Harrison, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Professor of
Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical
Society, American Society for Engineering Education, Oklahoma Higher Education Hall of Fame; Fellow, American Institute
for Medical and Biological Engineering (Downstream Processing: Primary Recovery and Purification) (Sec. 20, Bioreactions
and Bioprocessing)
John P. Hecht, Ph.D. Technical Section Head, Drying and Particle Processing, The Procter & Gamble Company;
Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Section Editor, Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and
Solids Drying)
Matthew K. Heermann, P.E., B.S. Consultant—Fossil Power Environmental Technologies, Sargent & Lundy LLC,
Chicago, Illinois (Introduction to Waste Management and Regulatory Overview) (Sec. 22, Waste Management)
Dennis C. Hendershot, M.S. Process Safety Consultant; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(Inherently Safer Design and Related Concepts, Hazard Analysis, Key Procedures) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Taryn Herrera, B.S. Process Engineer, Manager Separations Laboratory, FLSmidth USA, Inc. (Gravity Sedimentation
Operations) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Darryl W. Hertz, B.S. Senior Manager, Value Improvement Group, KBR, Houston, Texas (Front-End Loading,
Value-Improving Practices) (Sec. 9, Process Economics)
Bruce S. Holden, M.S. Principal Research Scientist, The Dow Chemical Company; Fellow, American Institute of
Chemical Engineers (Sec. 15, Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment)
Predrag S. Hrnjak, Ph.D. Will Stoecker Res. Professor of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign; Principal Investigator—U of I Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center; Assistant Professor,
University of Belgrade; International Institute of Chemical Engineers; American Society of Heat, Refrigerating, and Air
Conditioning Engineers (Refrigeration) (Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
Lindell R. Hurst, Jr., M.S., P.E. Senior Materials and Corrosion Engineer, Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc. Retired,
Registered Professional Metallurgical Engineer (Alabama, Ohio, North Dakota) (Section Coeditor, Sec. 25, Materials of
Construction)
Karl V. Jacob, B.S. Fellow, The Dow Chemical Company; Lecturer, University of Michigan; Fellow, American Institute
of Chemical Engineers (Section Editor, Sec. 21, Solids Processing and Particle Technology)
Pradeep Jain, M.S. Senior Fellow, The Dow Chemical Company (Feeding, Metering, and Dosing) (Sec. 21, Solids
Processing and Particle Technology)
David Johnson, P.E., M.Ch.E.
(Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
Retired (Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers, Condensers, Reboilers)
Robert W. Johnson, M.S.Ch.E. President, Unwin Company; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(Section Coeditor, Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Hugh D. Kaiser, P.E., B.S., M.B.A. Principal Engineer, WSP USA; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical
Engineers; Registered Professional Engineer (Indiana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) (Storage and Process Vessels)
(Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of Fluids)
Ian C. Kemp, M.A. (Cantab) Scientific Leader, GlaxoSmithKline; Fellow, Institution of Chemical Engineers;
Associate Member, Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Psychrometry, Solids-Drying Fundamentals, Freeze Dryers)
(Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying); (Pinch Analysis) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion,
and Utilization)
Pradip R. Khaladkar, M.S., P.E. Principal Consultant, Materials Engineering Group, Dupont Company (Retired),
Registered Professional Engineer (Delaware), Fellow, Materials Technology Institute, St. Louis (Nonmetallic Materials)
(Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Henry Z. Kister, M.E., C.Eng., C.Sc. Senior Fellow and Director of Fractionation Technology, Fluor Corporation;
Member, National Academy of Engineering (NAE); Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Fellow, Institution
of Chemical Engineers (U.K.); Member, Institute of Energy (Section Editor, Sec. 14, Equipment for Distillation, Gas
Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Kent S. Knaebel, Ph.D. President, Adsorption Research, Inc.; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers,
International Adsorption Society; Professional Engineer (Ohio) (Mass Transfer Coeditor, Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
COnTRIBUTORS
xi
Ted M. Knowlton, Ph.D. Technical Consultant and Fellow, Particulate Solid Research, Inc.; Member, American
Institute of Chemical Engineers (Section Editor, Sec. 17, Gas–Solid Operations and Equipment)
James F. Koch, M.S. Senior Process Engineering Specialist, The Dow Chemical Company (Size Reduction,
Screening) (Sec. 21, Solids Processing and Particle Technology)
Tim Langrish, D. Phil. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Australia
(Solids-Drying Fundamentals, Cascading Rotary Dryers) (Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
Tim J. Laros, M.S. Owner, Filtration Technologies, LLC, Park City, UT; Member, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and
Exploration (Filtration) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Tiberiu M. Leib, Ph.D. Principal Consultant, The Chemours Company (retired); Fellow, American Institute of
Chemical Engineers (Section Coeditor, Sec. 7, Reaction Kinetics; Sec. 19, Reactors)
M. Douglas LeVan, Ph.D. J. Lawrence Wilson Professor of Engineering Emeritus, Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical
Society, International Adsorption Society (Section Coeditor, Sec. 16, Adsorption and Ion Exchange)
Wenping Li, Ph.D. R&D Director, Agrilectric Research Company; Member, American Filtration and Separations
Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Expression) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Eugene L. Liening, M.S., P.E. Manufacturing & Engineering Technology Fellow, The Dow Chemical Company
Retired; Fellow, Materials Technology Institute; Registered Professional Metallurgical Engineer (Michigan) (Corrosion Testing)
(Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Dirk Link, Ph.D. Chemist, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (Nonpetroleum Liquid
Fuels) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Carl T. Lira, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Michigan State University;
Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Chemical Society; Member, American Society of
Engineering Educators (Section Coeditor, Sec. 4, Thermodynamics)
Peter J. Loftus, D. Phil. Chief Scientist, Primaira LLC, Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(Heat Generation) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Michael F. Malone, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering and Vice-Chancellor for Research and Engagement,
University of Massachusetts—Amherst (Batch Distillation, Enhanced Distillation) (Sec. 13, Distillation)
Paul E. Manning, Ph.D. Director CRA Marketing and Business Development, Haynes International (Nickel Alloys)
(Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Chad V. Mashuga, Ph.D., P.E. Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University
(Flammability, Combustion and Flammability Hazards, Explosions, Vapor Cloud Explosions, Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor Explosions) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Paul M. Mathias, Ph.D. Senior Fellow and Technical Director, Fluor Corporation; Fellow, American Institute of
Chemical Engineers (Section Coeditor, Sec. 4, Thermodynamics); (Design of Gas Absorption Systems) (Sec. 14, Equipment
for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Paul McCurdie, B.S. Product Manager-Vacuum Filtration, FLSmidth USA, Inc. (Filtration) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid
Operations and Equipment)
James K. McGillicuddy, B.S. Product Specialist, Centrifuges, Andritz Separation Inc.; Member, American Institute of
Chemical Engineers (Centrifuges) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
John D. McKenna, Ph.D. Principal, ETS, Inc.; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Air and Waste
Management Association (Air Pollution Management of Stationary Sources) (Sec. 22, Waste Management)
Terence P. Mcnulty, Ph.D. President, T. P. McNulty and Associates, Inc.; consultants in mineral processing and
extractive metallurgy; Member, National Academy of Engineering; Member, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical,
and Petroleum Engineers; Member, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration; Member, The Metallurgical Society;
Member Mining and Metallurgical Society of America (Leaching) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Greg Mehos, Ph.D., P.E. Senior Project Engineer, Jenike & Johanson, Inc. (Bulk Solids Flow and Hopper Design)
(Sec. 21, Solids Processing and Particle Technology)
Georges A. Melhem, Ph.D. President and CEO, IoMosaic; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(Emergency Relief Device Effluent Collection and Handling) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Valerie S. Monical, B.S. Fellow, Ascend Performance Materials, Inc. (Phase Separation) (Sec. 14, Equipment for
Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
xii
COnTRIBUTORS
Ronnie Montgomery Technical Manager, Process Control Systems, IHI Engineering and Construction International
Corporation; Member, Process Industries Practices, Process Controls Function Team; Member, International Society of
Automation (Flow Measurement) (Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of Fluids)
David A. Moore, B.Sc., M.B.A., P.E., C.S.P. President, AcuTech Consulting Group; Member, ASSE, ASIS, NFPA
(Security) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Charles G. Moyers, Ph.D. Senior Chemical Engineering Consultant, MATRIC (Mid-Atlantic Technology, Research
and Innovation Center), Charleston, WV; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Crystallization from the Melt)
(Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
William E. Murphy, Ph.D., P.E. Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky; American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers; American Society of Mechanical Engineers; International Institute
of Refrigeration (Air Conditioning) (Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
Edward R. naylor, B.S., M.S. Senior Materials Engineering Associate, AkzoNobel; Certified API 510, 570, 653 and
Fixed Equipment Source Inspector (Section Coeditor, Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
James J. noble, Ph.D., P.E., Ch.E. [U.K.] Research Affiliate, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, New York Academy of Sciences (Heat
Transfer Coeditor, Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
W. Roy Penney, Ph.D., P.E. Professor Emeritus, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas;
Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Gas-in-Liquid Dispersions) (Sec. 14, Equipment for Distillation, Gas
Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Clint Pepper, Ph.D. Director, Lonza; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Product Attribute Control)
(Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
Carmo J. Pereira, Ph.D., M.B.A. DuPont Fellow, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company; Fellow, American Institute
of Chemical Engineers (Section Coeditor, Sec. 7, Reaction Kinetics; Sec. 19, Reactors)
Demetri P. Petrides, Ph.D. President, Intelligen, Inc.; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American
Chemical Society (Downstream Processing: Primary Recovery and Purification) (Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
Thomas H. Pratt, Ph.D., P.E., C.S.P. Retired; Emeritus Member, NFPA 77 (Static Electricity) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Richard W. Prugh, M.S., P.E., C.S.P. Principal Process Safety Consultant, Chilworth Technology, Inc., a Dekra
Company; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, National Fire Protection Association (Toxicity)
(Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Massood Ramezan, Ph.D., P.E. Sr. Technical Advisor, KeyLogic Systems, Inc. (Coal Conversion) (Sec. 24, Energy
Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
George A. Richards, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy
(Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Other Gaseous Fuels) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
John R. Richards, Ph.D. Research Fellow, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (retired); Fellow, American Institute
of Chemical Engineers (Polymerization Reactions) (Sec. 7, Reaction Kinetics)
James A. Ritter, Ph.D. L. M. Weisiger Professor of Engineering and Carolina Distinguished Professor, Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American
Chemical Society, International Adsorption Society (Sorption Equilibrium, Process Cycles, Equipment) (Sec. 16, Adsorption
and Ion Exchange)
Richard L. Rowley, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University (Section Coeditor,
Sec. 2, Physical and Chemical Data)
Scott R. Rudge, Ph.D. Chief Operating Officer and Chairman, RMC Pharmaceutical Solutions, Inc.; Adjunct Professor,
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado; Vice President, Margaux Biologics, Scientific Advisory Board,
Sundhin Biopharma (Downstream Processing: Primary Recovery and Purification); Member, American Chemical Society,
International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Parenteral Drug
Association (Downstream Processing: Primary Recovery and Purification) (Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
Adel F. Sarofim, Sc.D. Deceased; Presidential Professor of Chemical Engineering, Combustion, and Reactors, University
of Utah; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, Combustion Institute (Radiation)
(Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
David K. Schmalzer, Ph.D., P.E. Argonne National Laboratory (Retired), Member, American Chemical Society,
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Resources and Reserves, Liquid Petroleum Fuels) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources,
Conversion, and Utilization)
COnTRIBUTORS
xiii
Fred Schoenbrunn, B.S. Director-Sedimentation Products, Member, Society of Metallurgical and Exploration
Engineers of the American Institute of Minting, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers; Registered Professional Engineer
(Gravity Sedimentation Operations) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
A. Frank Seibert, Ph.D., P.E. Technical Manager, Separations Research Program, The University of Texas at Austin;
Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Sec. 15, Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations
and Equipment)
Yongkoo Seol, Ph.D. Geologist, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (Natural Gas)
(Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Lawrence J. Shadle, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of
Energy (Coke) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Robert R. Sharp, P.E., Ph.D. Environmental Consultant; Professor of Environmental Engineering, Manhattan
College; Member, American Water Works Association; Water Environment Federation Section Director (Wastewater
Management) (Sec. 22, Waste Management)
Dushyant Shekhawat, Ph.D., P.E. Chemical Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department
of Energy (Natural Gas, Fuel and Energy Costs) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Richard L. Shilling, P.E., B.E.M.E. Senior Engineering Consultant, Heat Transfer Research, Inc.; American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (Section Editor, Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
nicholas S. Siefert, Ph.D., P.E. Mechanical Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of
Energy (Other Solid Fuels) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Geoffrey D. Silcox, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah; Member, American Institute of
Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society (Heat Transfer Section Coeditor, Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
Cecil L. Smith, Ph.D. Principal, Cecil L. Smith Inc. (Batch Process Control, Telemetering and Transmission, Digital
Technology for Process Control, Process Control and Plant Safety) (Sec. 8, Process Control)
(Francis) Lee Smith, Ph.D. Principal, Wilcrest Consulting Associates, LLC, Katy, Texas; Partner and General
Manager, Albutran USA, LLC, Katy, Texas (Front-End Loading, Value-Improving Practices) (Sec. 9, Process Economics);
(Evaporative Cooling) (Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying); (Energy Recovery)
(Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Joseph D. Smith, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and
Technology (Thermal Energy Conversion and Utilization) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Daniel J. Soeder, M.S. Director, Energy Resources Initiative, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
(Gaseous Fuels) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Marylee Z. Southard, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas;
Senior Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Society for Engineering Education (Section
Editor, Sec. 1, Unit Conversion Factors and Symbols); (Section Editor, Sec. 2, Physical and Chemical Data)
Thomas O. Spicer III, Ph.D., P.E. Professor; Maurice E. Barker Chair in Chemical Engineering, Chemical Hazards
Research Center Director, Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas; Fellow, American
Institute of Chemical Engineers (Atmospheric Dispersion) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Jason A. Stamper, M. Eng. Technology Leader, Drying and Particle Processing, The Procter & Gamble Company;
Member, Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems (Drying Equipment, Fluidized Bed Dryers, Spray Dryers)
(Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
Daniel E. Steinmeyer, P.E., M.S. Distinguished Science Fellow, Monsanto Company (retired); Fellow, American
Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Chemical Society (Phase Dispersion, Liquid in Gas Systems)
(Sec. 14, Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Gary J. Stiegel, P.E., M.S. Technology Manager (Retired), National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department
of Energy (Coal Conversion) (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Angela Summers, Ph.D., P.E. President, SIS-TECH; Adjunct Professor, Department of Environmental Management,
University of Houston–Clear Lake; Fellow, International Society of Automation; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical
Engineers; Fellow, AIChE Center for Chemical Process Safety (Safety Instrumented Systems) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Richard C. Sutherlin, B.S., P.E. Richard Sutherlin, PE, Consulting, LLC; Registered Professional Metallurgical
Engineer (Oregon) (Reactive Metals) (Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Ross Taylor, Ph.D. Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University (Simulation of
Distillation Processes) (Sec. 13, Distillation)
xiv
COnTRIBUTORS
Louis Theodore, Eng.Sc.D. Consultant, Theodore Tutorials, Professor of Chemical Engineering, Manhattan College;
Member, Air and Waste Management Association (Section Coeditor, Sec. 22, Waste Management)
Susan A. Thorneloe, M.S. U.S. EPA/Office of Research & Development, National Risk Management Research
Laboratory; Member, Air and Waste Management Association, International Waste Working Group (Sec. 22, Waste
Management)
James n. Tilton, Ph.D., P.E. DuPont Fellow, Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, E. I. du Pont de Nemours &
Co.; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Registered Professional Engineer (Delaware) (Section Editor,
Sec. 6, Fluid and Particle Dynamics)
Paul W. Todd, Ph.D. Chief Scientist Emeritus, Techshot, Inc.; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(Downstream Processing: Primary Recovery and Purification) (Sec. 20, Bioreactions and Bioprocessing)
Krista S. Walton, Ph.D. Professor and Robert “Bud” Moeller Faculty Fellow, School of Chemical & Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society,
International Adsorption Society (Adsorbents) (Sec. 16, Adsorption and Ion Exchange)
Phillip C. Wankat, Ph.D. Clifton L. Lovell Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering Emeritus, Purdue University;
Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Mass Transfer Coeditor, Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
Kenneth n. Weiss, P.E., BCEE, B.Ch.E, M.B.A. Managing Partner, ERM; Member, Air and Waste Management
Association (Introduction to Waste Management and Regulatory Overview) (Sec. 22, Waste Management)
W. Vincent Wilding, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University; Fellow, American Institute
of Chemical Engineers (Section Coeditor, Sec. 2, Physical and Chemical Data)
Ronald J. Willey, Ph.D., P.E. Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University; Fellow,
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Case Histories) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Todd W. Wisdom, M.S. Director-Separations Technology, FLSmidth USA, Inc.; Member, American Institute of
Chemical Engineers (Filtration) (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
John L. Woodward, Ph.D. Senior Principal Consultant, Baker Engineering and Risk Consultants, Inc.; Fellow,
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Discharge Rates from Punctured Lines and Vessels) (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Preface to the
ninth Edition
“This handbook is intended to supply both the practicing engineer and the student with an authoritative reference work
that covers comprehensively the field of chemical engineering as well as important related fields.”
—John H. Perry, 1934
Chemical engineering is generally accepted to have had its origin in the United Kingdom (U.K.) during the latter part of
the nineteenth century, largely in response to the industrial revolution and growth in the demand for industrial chemicals.
To answer this demand, chemical companies began to mass-produce their products, which meant moving from batch
processing to continuous operation. New processes and equipment, in turn, called for new methods. Initially, continuous
reactions and processing were implemented largely by plant operators, mechanical engineers, and industrial chemists.
Chemical engineering evolved from this advancement of the chemical industry, creating engineers who were trained in
chemistry as well as the fundamentals of engineering, physics, and thermodynamics.
As an academic discipline, the earliest reported chemical engineering lectures were given in the United Kingdom.
George Davis is generally recognized as the first chemical engineer, lecturing at the Manchester Technical School
(later the University of Manchester) in 1887. The first American chemical engineering courses were taught at MIT in
1888. Davis also proposed an appropriate professional society that evolved with the industrial and academic profession,
ultimately called the Society of Chemical Industry (1881). His initial proposal was for a society of chemical engineers but
the name was changed because so few chemical engineers existed at that time. From there, the American Institute of
Chemical Engineers, AIChE (1908), and the U.K.-origin Institution of Chemical Engineers, IChemE (1922), were created.
As the discipline advanced, important approaches to describing and designing chemical and physical processes
developed. George Davis is credited with an early description of what came to be termed “unit operations,” although he
did not use that specific term. Arthur D. Little coined the phrase in 1908 in a report to the president of MIT and developed
the concept and applications with William H. Walker. Walker later defined “unit operations” in his 1923 seminal textbook
published by McGraw-Hill, Principles of Chemical Engineering, coauthored with Warren K. Lewis and William H. McAdams.
Other concepts developed over time, including chemical reactor engineering, transport phenomena, and use of computers
to enhance mathematical simulation, have increased our ability to understand and design chemical/physical industrial
processes. Chemical engineering concepts and methods have been applied in increasingly diverse fields, including
environmental engineering, pharmaceutical processing, microelectronics, and biological/biosimilar engineering.
The first known handbook of chemical engineering was in two volumes, written by George Davis, and published in the
United Kingdom in 1901. A second edition followed in 1904. The emphasis was on materials and their properties; laboratory
equipment and techniques; steam production and distribution; power and its applications; moving solids, liquids, and
gases; and solids handling. In the preface, Davis acknowledged the advances in industrial chemistry made in Germany,
especially in commercial organic chemistry. He also noted the “severe competition” coming from America “in the ammoniasoda industry.” The first US handbook was edited by Donald M. Liddell and published by McGraw-Hill in 1922. It was a
two-volume book with thirty-one contributing writers. It dealt with many of the same topics as in the Davis handbook, but
also had significantly more emphasis on operations such as leaching, crystallization, evaporation, and drying.
Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook originated from a decision by McGraw-Hill in 1930 (during the Great Depression)
to develop a new handbook of chemical engineering. Receiving support for the project from DuPont Company, they
selected John H. Perry to be the editor. Perry had earned a Ph.D. from MIT in 1922 in Physical Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering. He subsequently worked for the US Bureau of Mines, next as a chemist for a DuPont subsidiary in Cleveland,
OH, then moved to Wilmington, DE, to work for DuPont as a chemist in the company’s experimental station, and back to
xv
xvi
PREFACE TO THE nInTH EDITIOn
Cleveland, still with DuPont. Family lore says that Perry was a very hard worker, dedicated to chemical engineering, and
willing to basically live two lives: one as a full-time engineer for DuPont and the other as editor of the handbook. On weekends
he would hitchhike to New York, go to the Chemist’s Club with a packet of galley proofs and a carton of cigarettes, and work
all weekend, sometimes for 24 hours at a time. His work on the book extended through 1933, leading to publication of the
first edition in January 1934. There were 63 contributors, 14 from the DuPont Company and 21 from different universities,
all experts in their respective technical areas. The first sentence in the preface was applicable then as well as for this
ninth edition: “This handbook is intended to supply both the practicing engineer and the student with an authoritative
reference work that covers comprehensively the field of chemical engineering as well as important related fields.”
Several chemical engineers, serving as editor or coeditor, have guided the preparation of the different editions over the
years. John H. Perry was editor of the first (1934), second (1941), and third (1950) editions before his untimely death in
1953. The position of editor passed to his only child, Robert H. Perry (Bob), a notable chemical engineer in his own
right. Bob had a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Delaware and was working in industry at the time
of his father’s death. In 1958, he took a position as professor and later chair of the Department of Chemical Engineering at
the University of Oklahoma. He was the editor of the fourth (1963) edition, coedited with Cecil H. Chilton and assisted by
Sidney D. Kirkpatrick, and the fifth (1973) edition, coedited with Chilton.
For the sixth edition, Bob asked Don W. Green, his first Ph.D. student and now a professor of Chemical and Petroleum
Engineering at the University of Kansas, to assist him. Tragically, Bob Perry’s work on the handbook ceased when he was killed
in an accident south of London in November 1978. Green assumed responsibility as editor and completed the sixth edition
(1984), assisted by a colleague at KU, James O. Maloney. The first five editions were titled The Chemical Engineers’ Handbook.
Beginning with the sixth edition, the book was renamed Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook in honor of the father and son.
Green was also editor of the seventh (1997) and eighth (2008) editions, with Maloney assisting on the seventh edition. Robert
H. Perry was listed as the “late editor” for the seventh and eighth editions; honoring his ideas that carried over to these recent
editions. To create the ninth edition, Green brought on Marylee Z. Southard, a colleague with industrial, consulting, and academic experience in chemical engineering.
The organization of this ninth edition replicates the logic of the eighth edition, although content changes are extensive.
The first group of sections includes comprehensive tables with unit conversions and fundamental constants, physical and
chemical data, methods to predict properties, and basics of mathematics most useful to engineers. The second group,
comprising the fourth through the ninth sections, covers fundamentals of chemical engineering. The third and largest
group of sections deals with processes, including heat transfer operations, distillation, gas–liquid processes, chemical
reactors, and liquid–liquid processes. The last group of sections covers auxiliary information, including waste management,
safety and handling of hazardous materials, energy sources, and materials of construction.
In 2012, McGraw-Hill launched Access Engineering (ACE), an electronic engineering reference tool for professionals,
academics, and students. This edition of Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook is a part of ACE, as was the eighth edition.
Beyond the complete text of the handbook, ACE provides:
• Interactive graphs
• Video tutorials for example problems given in the handbook
• Excel spreadsheets to solve guided and user-defined problems in different areas, such as heat transfer or fluid flow
• Curriculum maps for use in complementing engineering course content
All 25 sections have been updated to cover the latest advances in technology related to chemical engineering. Notable
updates and completely new materials include:
• Sec. 2 includes new and updated chemical property data produced by the Design Institute for Physical Properties
(DIPPR) of AIChE
• Sec. 4 on thermodynamics fundamentals has been redesigned to be more practical, and less theoretical than in earlier
editions, to suit the practicing engineer and student pursuing applications
• A new Sec. 20, “Bioreactions and Bioprocessing,” has been added in response to the significant, large-scale growth of
commercial processes for nonfood products since the end of the twentieth century
• Sec. 21 on solids handling operations and equipment has been rewritten by industrial experts in their field
A group of 147 professionals, serving as section editors and contributors, has worked on this ninth edition. Their
names, affiliations, and writing responsibilities are listed herein as part of the front material and on the title page of their
respective sections. These authors are known experts in their field, with many having received professional awards and
named as Fellows of their professional societies.
Since the publication of the eighth edition, we have lost two major contributors to Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook.
Dr. Adel F. Sarofim died in December 2011. He was a section coeditor/contributor in the radiation subsection from the
fifth edition (1973) through this current ninth edition. Dr. Sarofim, a Professor Emeritus at MIT, was a recognized pioneer
in the development of combustion science and radiation heat transfer. He received numerous U.S. and international prizes
for his work.
Dr. Meherwan P. Boyce died in December 2017. He was the editor for the “Transport and Storage of Fluids” section in
the seventh edition and co-section editor for the eighth and current editions. Dr. Boyce was founder of Boyce Engineering
International. He was also known for his role as the first director of the Turbomachinery Laboratory and founding member
of the Turbomachinery Symposium.
On this 85th anniversary of Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, we celebrate the memory of its creators, Dr. John
H. Perry and Dr. Robert H. Perry. Often referred to as “the Bible of Chemical Engineering,” this handbook is the gold
standard as a source of valuable information to innumerable chemical engineers.
We dedicate this ninth edition to chemical engineers who carry on the profession, creating solutions, products, and
processes needed in the challenging world ahead. We hope this edition will provide information and focus for you—to
work for the quality and improvement of human life and the earth we inhabit.
DON W. GREEN
Editor-in-Chief
MARYLEE Z. SOUTHARD
Associate Editor
Section 1
Unit Conversion Factors and Symbols
Marylee Z. Southard, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of
Kansas; Senior Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Society for Engineering
Education
Table 1-1
Table 1-2a
Table 1-2b
Table 1-3
Table 1-4
Table 1-5
UnITS AnD SYMBOLS
Standard SI Quantities and Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common Derived Units of SI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Derived Units of SI That Have Special Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SI Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Greek Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United States Traditional System of Weights and Measures . . . . . .
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-3
Table 1-6
Table 1-7
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
Common Units and Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alphabetical Listing of Common Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-4
1-5
Table 1-8
Table 1-9
Table 1-10
Table 1-11
Table 1-12
Table 1-13
Table 1-14
Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional
Units to SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Conversion Factors to SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature Conversion Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Density Conversion Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kinematic Viscosity Conversion Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Values of the Ideal Gas Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fundamental Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-7
1-15
1-17
1-17
1-17
1-17
1-18
1-1
1-2
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
UnITS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-2b Derived Units of SI That Have Special names
TABLE 1-1 Standard SI Quantities and Units
Quantity or “dimension”
SI unit
SI unit symbol
(“abbreviation”)
Base quantity or “dimension”
m
length
meter
kg
kilogram
mass
s
second
time
A
ampere
electric current
K
kelvin
thermodynamic temperature
mol
mole*
amount of substance
cd
candela
luminous intensity
Supplementary quantity or “dimension”
rad
radian
plane angle
sr
steradian
solid angle
*When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified; they may
be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such
particles.
TABLE 1-2a
Common Derived Units of SI
Quantity
Unit
Symbol
acceleration
angular acceleration
angular velocity
area
concentration (mass)
concentration (molar)
current density
density, mass
electric charge density
electric field strength
electric flux density
energy density
entropy
heat capacity
heat flux density, irradiance
luminance
magnetic field strength
molar energy
molar entropy
molar heat capacity
moment of force
permeability
permittivity
radiance
radiant intensity
specific energy
specific entropy
specific heat capacity
specific volume
surface tension
thermal conductivity
velocity
viscosity, dynamic
viscosity, kinematic
volume
wave number
meter per second squared
radian per second squared
radian per second
square meter
kilogram per cubic meter
mole per cubic meter
ampere per square meter
kilogram per cubic meter
coulomb per cubic meter
volt per meter
coulomb per square meter
joule per cubic meter
joule per kelvin
joule per kelvin
watt per square meter
candela per square meter
ampere per meter
joule per mole
joule per mole-kelvin
joule per mole-kelvin
newton-meter
henry per meter
farad per meter
watt per square meter-steradian
watt per steradian
joule per kilogram
joule per kilogram-kelvin
joule per kilogram-kelvin
cubic meter per kilogram
newton per meter
watt per meter-kelvin
meter per second
pascal-second
square meter per second
cubic meter
reciprocal meter
m/s2
rad/s2
rad/s
m2
kg/m3
mol/m3
A/m2
kg/m3
C/m3
V/m
C/m2
J/m3
J/K
J/K
W/m2
cd/m2
A/m
J/mol
J/(mol ⋅ K)
J/(mol ⋅ K)
N⋅m
H/m
F/m
W/(m2 ⋅ sr)
W/sr
J/kg
J/(kg ⋅ K)
J/(kg ⋅ K)
m3/kg
N/m
W/(m ⋅ K)
m/s
Pa ⋅ s
m2/s
m3
1/m
Quantity
absorbed dose
activity (of radionuclides)
capacitance
conductance
electric potential, potential difference,
electromotive force
electric resistance
energy, work, quantity of heat
force
frequency (of a periodic phenomenon)
illuminance
inductance
luminous flux
magnetic flux
magnetic flux density
power, radiant flux
pressure, stress
quantity of electricity, electric charge
Unit
Symbol
gray
becquerel
farad
siemens
volt
Gy
Bq
F
S
V
J/kg
l/s
C/V
A/V
W/A
Formula
ohm
joule
newton
hertz
lux
henry
lumen
weber
tesla
watt
pascal
coulomb
Ω
J
N
Hz
lx
H
lm
Wb
T
W
Pa
C
V/A
N⋅m
(kg ⋅ m)/s2
1/s
lm/m2
Wb/A
Cd ⋅ sr
V⋅s
Wb/m2
J/s
N/m2
A⋅s
TABLE 1-3 SI Prefixes
Multiplication factor
1 000 000 000
1 000 000
1 000
1
000
000
000
000
1
000
000
000
000
000
1
18
000 = 10
000 = 1015
000 = 1012
000 = 109
000 = 106
000 = 103
100 = 102
10 = 101
0.1 = 10-1
0.01 = 10-2
0.001 = 10-3
0.000 001 = 10-6
0.000 000 001 = 10-9
0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12
0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10-15
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-18
Prefix
Symbol
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto*
deka*
deci*
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
E
P
T
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
µ
n
p
f
a
*Generally to be avoided.
TABLE 1-4 Greek Alphabet
alpha = A, α
beta
= B, b
gamma = Γ, γ
delta = Δ, δ
epsilon = Ε, ε
zeta
= Ζ, ζ
eta
= Η, η
theta = Θ, θ
iota
= Ι, ι
kappa = Κ, κ
lambda = Λ, λ
mu
= Μ, µ
nu
xi
omicron
pi
rho
sigma
tau
upsilon
phi
chi
psi
omega
= Ν, ν
= Ξ, ξ
= Ο, ο
= Π, π
= Ρ, ρ
= Σ, σ
= Τ, τ
= Υ, υ
= Φ, φ
= Χ, χ
= Ψ, ψ
= Ω, ω
UnITS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-5
United States Traditional System of Weights and Measures
Linear Measure
12 inches (in) or (″) = 1 foot ( ft) or (′)
3 feet = 1 yard (yd)
16.5 feet 
 = 1 rod (rd)
5.5 yards

5280 feet
 = 1 mile (mi)
320 rods 

1 mil = 0.001 in
Nautical:
6080.2 feet = 1 nautical mile
6 feet = 1 fathom
120 fathoms = 1 cable length
1 knot (kn) = 1 nautical mile per hour
60 nautical miles = 1° of latitude
Square Measure
144 square inches (sq in) or (in2) = 1 sq ft ( ft2)
9 sq ft ( ft2) = 1 sq yd (yd2)
30.25 sq yd = 1 sq rod, pole, or perch
 10 sq chains 
160 sq rods = 
 = 1 acre
43.560 sq ft 


640 acres = 1 sq mi = 1 section
1 circular in (area of
circle of 1-in diameter) = 0.7854 sq in
1 sq in = 1.2732 circular in
1 circular mil = area of circle of 0.001-in diameter
1,000,000 circular mils = 1 circular in
Circular Measure
60 seconds (″) = 1 minute or (′)
60 minutes (′) = 1 degree (1°)
90 degrees (90°) = 1 quadrant
360 degrees (360°) = 1 circumference
 1 radian (rad)
57.29578 degrees = 
 57 17 ′ 44.81′′
Volume Measure
Solid:
1728 cubic in (cu in) (in3) = 1 cubic foot (cu ft) ( ft3)
27 cu ft = 1 cubic yard (cu yd) (yd3)
Dry Measure:
2 pints = 1 quart
8 quarts = 1 peck
4 pecks = 1 bushel
1 U.S. Winchester bushel = 2150.42 cubic inches (in3)
Liquid:
4 gills = 1 pint (pt)
2 pints = 1 quart (qt)
4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal)
7.4805 gallons = 1 cubic foot ( ft3)
Apothecaries’ Liquid:
60 minims (min. or ) = 1 fluid dram or drachm
8 drams ( ) = 1 fluid ounce
16 ounces (oz. ) = 1 pint
Avoirdupois Weight
16 drams = 437.5 grains (gr) = 1 ounce (oz)
16 ounces = 7000 grains = 1 pound (lb)
100 pounds = 1 hundredweight (cwt)
2000 pounds = 1 short ton; 2240 pounds = 1 long ton
Troy Weight
24 grains (gr) = 1 pennyweight (dwt)
20 pennyweights = 1 ounce (oz)
12 ounces = 1 pound (lb)
Apothecaries’ Weight
20 grains (gr) = 1 scruple ( )
3 scruples = 1 dram ( )
8 drams = 1 ounce ( )
12 ounces = 1 pound (lb)
1-3
1-4
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
TABLE 1-6 Common Units and Conversion Factors*
Mass (M)
Length (L)
Area (L2)
Volume (L3)
Time (θ)
1 pound mass = 453.5924 grams
= 0.45359 kilogram
= 7000 grains
1 slug
= 32.174 pounds mass
1 ton (short) = 2000 pounds mass
1 ton (long) = 2240 pounds mass
1 ton (metric) = 1000 kilograms
= 2204.62 pounds mass
1 pound-mole = 453.59 gram-moles
1 foot
= 30.480 centimeters
= 0.3048 meter
1 inch
= 2.54 centimeters
= 0.0254 meter
1 mile (U.S.) = 1.60935 kilometers
1 yard
= 0.9144 meter
1 square foot = 929.0304 square centimeters
= 0.09290304 square meter
1 square inch = 6.4516 square centimeters
1 square yard = 0.836127 square meter
1 cubic foot = 28,316.85 cubic centimeters
= 0.02831685 cubic meter
= 28.31685 liters
= 7.481 gallons (U.S.)
1 gallon
= 3.7853 liters
= 231 cubic inches
1 hour (h) = 60 minutes (min)
= 3600 seconds (s)
Temperature (T)
1 centigrade or Celsius degree
= 1.8 Fahrenheit degrees
Temperature, Kelvin
= T °C + 273.15
Temperature, Rankine
= T °F + 459.7
Temperature, Fahrenheit
= 9/5 T °C + 32
Temperature, Celsius or centigrade = 5/9 (T °F - 32)
Temperature, Rankine
= 1.8T K
Force (F)
1 pound force = 444,822.2 dynes
= 4.448222 newtons (N)
= 32.174 poundals
2
Pressure (F/L )
Normal atmospheric pressure
note: U.S. Customary units, or British units, on left and SI units on right.
*Adapted from Faust et al., Principles of Unit Operations, John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
1 atm = 760 millimeters of mercury at 0°C
(density 13.5951 g/cm3)
= 29.921 inches of mercury at 32°F
= 14.696 pounds force/square inch
= 33.899 feet of water at 39.1°F
= 1.01325 × 106 dynes/square centimeter
= 1.01325 × 105 newtons/square meter
Density (M/L3)
1 pound mass/cubic foot = 0.01601846 gram/cubic centimeter
= 16.01846 kilograms/cubic meter
Energy (H or FL)
1 British thermal unit = 251.98 calories
= 1054.4 joules
= 777.97 foot-pounds force
= 10.409 liter-atmospheres
= 0.2930 watthour
Diffusivity (L2/θ)
1 square foot/hour = 0.258 cm2/s
= 2.58 × 10-5 m2/s
Viscosity (M/Lθ)
1 pound mass/foot-hour = 0.00413 g/cm s
= 0.000413 kg/m s
1 centipoise (cP)
= 0.01 poise (P)
= 0.01 g/cm s
= 0.001 kg/m s
= 0.000672 lbm/ft s
= 0.0000209 lbf -s/ft2
Thermal conductivity [H/θ L2(T/L)]
1 Btu/h ft2 (°F/ft) = 0.00413 cal/s cm2 (°C/cm)
= 1.728 J/s m2 (°C/m)
Heat transfer coefficient
1 Btu/h ft2 °F = 5.678 J/s m2 °C
Heat capacity (H/MT )
1 Btu/lbm °F = 1 cal/g °C
= 4184 J/kg °C
Gas constant
1.987 Btu/lbm mol °R = 1.987 cal/mol K
= 82.057 atm cm3/mol K
= 0.7302 atm ft3/lbmol °F
= 10.73 (lbf /in2) ( ft3)/lb mol °R
= 1545 (lbf /ft2) ( ft3)/lb mol °R
= 8.314 (N/m2) (m3)/mol K
Gravitational acceleration
g = 9.8066 m/s2
= 32.174 ft/s2
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
1-5
TABLE 1-7 Alphabetical Listing of Common Unit Conversions
To Convert from
acres
acres
acres
acre-feet
ampere-hours (absolute)
angstrom units
angstrom units
angstrom units
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
bags (cement)
barrels (cement)
barrels (oil)
barrels (oil)
barrels (U.S. liquid)
barrels (U.S. liquid)
barrels per day
bars
bars
bars
board feet
boiler horsepower
boiler horsepower
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu per cubic foot
Btu per hour
Btu per minute
Btu per pound
Btu per pound per degree
Fahrenheit
Btu per pound per degree
Fahrenheit
Btu per second
Btu per square foot per hour
Btu per square foot per minute
Btu per square foot per second
for a temperature gradient of
1°F per inch
Btu (60°F) per degree
Fahrenheit
Bushels (U.S. dry)
Bushels (U.S. dry)
calories, gram
calories, gram
calories, gram
calories, gram
calories, gram
calories, gram, per gram
per degree C
To
Multiply by
square feet
square meters
square miles
cubic meters
Coulombs (absolute)
inches
meters
microns or micrometers
millimeters of mercury at 32°F
dynes per square centimeter
newtons per square meter
feet of water at 39.1°F
grams per square centimeter
inches of mercury at 32°F
pounds per square foot
pounds per square inch
pounds (cement)
pounds (cement)
cubic meters
gallons
cubic meters
gallons
gallons per minute
atmospheres
newtons per square meter
pounds per square inch
cubic feet
Btu per hour
kilowatts
calories (gram)
celsius heat units (chu or pcu)
foot-pounds
horsepower-hours
joules
liter-atmospheres
pounds carbon to CO2
pounds water evaporated
from and at 212°F
cubic foot–atmospheres
kilowatt-hours
joules per cubic meter
watts
horsepower
joules per kilogram
calories per gram per degree
celsius
joules per kilogram per degree
kelvin
watts
joules per square meter per
second
kilowatts per square foot
calories, gram (15°C), per
square centimeter per second
for a temperature gradient of
1°C per centimeter
calories per degree Celsius
43,560
4074
0.001563
1233
3600
3.937 × 10-9
1 × 10-10
1 × 10-4
760
1.0133 × 106
101,325
33.90
1033.3
29.921
2116.3
14.696
94
376
0.15899
42
0.11924
31.5
0.02917
0.9869
1 × 105
14.504
1
⁄12
33,480
9.803
252
0.55556
777.9
3.929 × 10-4
1055.1
10.41
6.88 × 10-5
0.001036
cubic feet
cubic meters
Btu
foot-pounds
joules
liter-atmospheres
horsepower-hours
joules per kilogram per kelvin
1.2444
0.03524
3.968 × 10-3
3.087
4.1868
4.130 × 10-2
1.5591 × 10-6
4186.8
0.3676
2.930 × 10-4
37,260
0.29307
0.02357
2326
1
4186.8
1054.4
3.1546
0.1758
1.2405
453.6
To Convert from
To
calories, kilogram
calories, kilogram per second
candle power (spherical)
carats (metric)
centigrade heat units
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters of mercury at 0°C
centimeters of mercury at 0°C
centimeters of mercury at 0°C
centimeters of mercury at 0°C
centimeters of mercury at 0°C
centimeters per second
centimeters of water at 4°C
centistokes
circular mils
circular mils
circular mils
cords
cubic centimeters
cubic centimeters
cubic centimeters
cubic centimeters
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic foot–atmospheres
cubic foot–atmospheres
cubic feet of water (60°F)
cubic feet per minute
cubic feet per minute
cubic feet per second
cubic feet per second
cubic inches
cubic yards
curies
curies
degrees
drams (apothecaries’ or troy)
drams (avoirdupois)
dynes
ergs
Faradays
fathoms
feet
feet per minute
feet per minute
feet per (second)2
feet of water at 39.2°F
foot-poundals
foot-poundals
foot-poundals
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds force
foot-pounds per second
foot-pounds per second
furlongs
gallons (U.S. liquid)
kilowatt-hours
kilowatts
lumens
grams
Btu
Angstrom units
feet
inches
meters
microns or micrometers
atmospheres
feet of water at 39.1°F
newtons per square meter
pounds per square foot
pounds per square inch
feet per minute
newtons per square meter
square meters per second
square centimeters
square inches
square mils
cubic feet
cubic feet
gallons
ounces (U.S. fluid)
quarts (U.S. fluid)
Bushels (U.S.)
cubic centimeters
cubic meters
cubic yards
gallons
liters
foot-pounds
liter-atmospheres
pounds
cubic centimeters per second
gallons per second
gallons per minute
million gallons per day
cubic meters
cubic meters
disintegrations per minute
coulombs per minute
radians
grams
grams
newtons
joules
Coulombs (abs.)
feet
meters
centimeters per second
miles per hour
meters per (second)2
newtons per square meter
Btu
joules
liter-atmospheres
Btu
calories, gram
foot-poundals
horsepower-hours
kilowatt-hours
liter-atmospheres
joules
horsepower
kilowatts
miles
barrels (U.S. liquid)
Multiply by
0.0011626
4.185
12.556
0.2
1.8
1 × 108
0.03281
0.3937
0.01
10,000
0.013158
0.4460
1333.2
27.845
0.19337
1.9685
98.064
1 × 10-6
5.067 × 10-6
7.854 × 10-7
0.7854
128
3.532 × 10-5
2.6417 × 10-4
0.03381
0.0010567
0.8036
28,317
0.028317
0.03704
7.481
28.316
2116.3
28.316
62.37
472.0
0.1247
448.8
0.64632
1.6387 × 10-5
0.76456
2.2 × 1012
1.1 × 1012
0.017453
3.888
1.7719
1 × 10-5
1 × 10-7
96,500
6
0.3048
0.5080
0.011364
0.3048
2989
3.995 × 10-5
0.04214
4.159 × 10-4
0.0012856
0.3239
32.174
5.051 × 10-7
3.766 × 10-7
0.013381
1.3558
0.0018182
0.0013558
0.125
0.03175
(Continued )
1-6
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-7 Alphabetical Listing of Common Unit Conversions (Continued )
To Convert from
gallons
gallons
gallons
gallons
gallons
gallons per minute
gallons per minute
grains
grains
grains per cubic foot
grains per gallon
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams per cubic centimeter
grams per cubic centimeter
grams per liter
grams per liter
grams per square centimeter
grams per square centimeter
hectares
hectares
horsepower (British)
horsepower (British)
horsepower (British)
horsepower (British)
horsepower (British)
horsepower (British)
horsepower (British)
horsepower (British)
horsepower (metric)
horsepower (metric)
hours (mean solar)
inches
inches of mercury at 60°F
inches of water at 60°F
joules (absolute)
joules (absolute)
joules (absolute)
joules (absolute)
joules (absolute)
joules (absolute)
kilocalories
kilograms
kilograms force
kilograms per square
centimeter
kilometers
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
kilowatts
knots (international)
knots (nautical miles
per hour)
lamberts
liter-atmospheres
liter-atmospheres
liters
liters
liters
lumens
micromicrons
microns
To
Multiply by
cubic meters
cubic feet
gallons (imperial)
liters
ounces (U.S. fluid)
cubic feet per hour
cubic feet per second
grams
pounds
grams per cubic meter
parts per million
drams (avoirdupois)
drams (troy)
grains
kilograms
pounds (avoirdupois)
pounds (troy)
pounds per cubic foot
pounds per gallon
grains per gallon
pounds per cubic foot
pounds per square foot
pounds per square inch
acres
square meters
btu per minute
btu per hour
foot-pounds per minute
foot-pounds per second
watts
horsepower (metric)
pounds carbon to CO2
per hour
pounds water evaporated
per hour at 212°F
foot-pounds per second
kilogram-meters per
second
seconds
meters
newtons per square
meter
newtons per square meter
Btu (mean)
calories, gram (mean)
cubic foot–atmospheres
foot-pounds
kilowatt-hours
liter-atmospheres
joules
pounds (avoirdupois)
newtons
pounds per square inch
0.003785
0.13368
0.8327
3.785
128
8.021
0.002228
0.06480
1
⁄7000
2.2884
17.118
0.5644
0.2572
15.432
0.001
0.0022046
0.002679
62.43
8.345
58.42
0.0624
2.0482
0.014223
2.471
10,000
42.42
2545
33,000
550
745.7
1.0139
0.175
miles
Btu
foot-pounds
horsepower
meters per second
miles per hour
0.6214
3414
2.6552 × 106
1.3410
0.5144
1.1516
candles per square inch
cubic foot–atmospheres
foot-pounds
cubic feet
cubic meters
gallons
watts
microns or micrometers
angstrom units
2.054
0.03532
74.74
0.03532
0.001
0.26418
0.001496
1 × 10-6
1 × 104
2.64
542.47
75.0
3600
0.0254
3376.9
248.84
9.480 × 10-4
0.2389
0.3485
0.7376
2.7778 × 10-7
0.009869
4186.8
2.2046
9.807
14.223
To Convert from
microns
miles (nautical)
miles (nautical)
miles
miles
miles per hour
miles per hour
milliliters
millimeters
millimeters of mercury at 0°C
millimicrons
mils
mils
minims (U.S.)
minutes (angle)
minutes (mean solar)
newtons
ounces (avoirdupois)
ounces (avoirdupois)
ounces (U.S. fluid)
ounces (troy)
pints (U.S. liquid)
poundals
pounds (avoirdupois)
pounds (avoirdupois)
pounds (avoirdupois)
pounds per cubic foot
pounds per cubic foot
pounds per square foot
pounds per square foot
pounds per square inch
pounds per square inch
pounds per square inch
pounds force
pounds force per square foot
pounds water evaporated
from and at 212°F
pound-celsius units (pcu)
quarts (U.S. liquid)
radians
revolutions per minute
seconds (angle)
slugs
slugs
slugs
square centimeters
square feet
square feet per hour
square inches
square inches
square yards
stokes
tons (long)
tons (long)
tons (metric)
tons (metric)
tons (metric)
tons (short)
tons (short)
tons (refrigeration)
tons (British shipping)
tons (U.S. shipping)
torr (mm mercury, 0°C)
watts
watts
watts
watthours
yards
To
Multiply by
meters
feet
miles (U.S. statute)
feet
meters
feet per second
meters per second
cubic centimeters
meters
newtons per square meter
microns
inches
meters
cubic centimeters
radians
seconds
kilograms
kilograms
ounces (troy)
cubic meters
ounces (apothecaries’)
cubic meters
newtons
grains
kilograms
pounds (troy)
grams per cubic centimeter
kilograms per cubic meter
atmospheres
kilograms per square meter
atmospheres
kilograms per square
centimeter
newtons per square meter
newtons
newtons per square meter
horsepower-hours
1 × 10-6
6080
1.1516
5280
1609.3
1.4667
0.4470
1
0.001
133.32
0.001
0.001
2.54 × 10-5
0.06161
2.909 × 10-4
60
0.10197
0.02835
0.9115
2.957 × 10-5
1.000
4.732 × 10-4
0.13826
7000
0.45359
1.2153
0.016018
16.018
4.725 × 10-4
4.882
0.06805
0.07031
Btu
cubic meters
degrees
radians per second
radians
g pounds
kilograms
pounds
square feet
square meters
square meters per second
square centimeters
square meters
square meters
square meters per second
kilograms
pounds
kilograms
pounds
tons (short)
kilograms
pounds
Btu per hour
cubic feet
cubic feet
newtons per square meter
Btu per hour
joules per second
kilogram-meters per second
joules
meters
1.8
9.464 × 10-4
57.30
0.10472
4.848 × 10-6
1
14.594
32.17
0.0010764
0.0929
2.581 × 10-5
6.452
6.452 × 10-4
0.8361
1 × 10-4
1016
2240
1000
2204.6
1.1023
907.18
2000
12,000
42.00
40.00
133.32
3.413
1
0.10197
3600
0.9144
6894.8
4.4482
47.88
0.379
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
TABLE 1-8 Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional Units to SI Units
The following unit symbols are used in the table:
Unit symbol
Name
A
a
Bq
C
cd
Ci
d
°C
°
dyn
F
fc
G
g
gr
Unit symbol
ampere
annum (year)
becquerel
coulomb
candela
curie
day
degree Celsius
degree
dyne
farad
footcandle
gauss
gram
grain
Name
Gy
H
h
ha
Hz
J
K
L, ℓ, l
lm
lx
m
min
′
N
naut mi
Unit symbol
gray
henry
hour
hectare
hertz
joule
kelvin
liter
lumen
lux
meter
minute
minute
newton
U.S. nautical mile
Name
Oe
Ω
Pa
rad
r
S
s
″
sr
St
T
t
V
W
Wb
oersted
ohm
pascal
radian
revolution
siemens
second
second
steradian
stokes
tesla
tonne
volt
watt
weber
note: Copyright SPE-AIME, The SI Metric System of Units and SPE’s Tentative Metric Standard, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dallas, 1977.
Quantity
Customary or commonly
used unit
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor;
multiply
customary unit by
factor to
obtain SI unit
Space, time
Length
naut mi
mi
chain
link
fathom
yd
ft
in
in
mil
km
km
m
m
m
m
m
cm
mm
cm
µm
Length/length
ft/mi
m/km
3
1.852*
1.609 344*
2.011 68*
2.011 68*
1.828 8*
9.144*
3.048*
3.048*
2.54*
2.54
2.54*
E + 00
E + 00
E + 01
E - 01
E + 00
E - 01
E - 01
E + 01
E + 01
E + 00
E + 01
1.893 939
E - 01
Length/volume
ft/U.S. gal
ft/ft3
ft/bbl
m/m
m/m3
m/m3
8.051 964
1.076 391
1.917 134
E + 01
E + 01
E + 00
Area
mi2
section
acre
ha
yd2
ft2
in2
km2
ha
ha
m2
m2
m2
mm2
cm2
2.589 988
2.589 988
4.046 856
1.000 000*
8.361 274
9.290 304*
6.451 6*
6.451 6*
E + 00
E + 02
E - 01
E + 04
E - 01
E - 02
E + 02
E + 00
Area/volume
ft2/in3
ft2/ft3
m2/cm3
m2/m3
5.699 291
3.280 840
E - 03
E + 00
Volume
m3
acre ⋅ ft
km3
m3
ha ⋅ m
m3
m3
m3
dm3
m3
dm3
m3
dm3
dm3
dm3
dm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
4.168 182
1.233 482
1.233 482
7.645 549
1.589 873
2.831 685
2.831 685
4.546 092
4.546 092
3.785 412
3.785 412
1.136 523
9.463 529
4.731 765
2.841 307
2.957 353
1.638 706
E + 00
E + 03
E - 01
E + 01
E - 01
E - 02
E + 01
E - 03
E + 00
E - 03
E + 00
E + 00
E - 01
E - 01
E + 01
E + 01
E + 01
yd3
bbl (42 U.S. gal)
ft3
U.K. gal
U.S. gal
U.K. qt
U.S. qt
U.S. pt
U.K. fl oz
U.S. fl oz
in3
L
L
L
L
L
L
Volume/length (linear
displacement)
bbl/in
bbl/ft
ft3/ft
U.S. gal/ft
m3m
m3/m
m3/m
m3/m
L/m
6.259 342
5.216 119
9.290 304*
1.241 933
1.241 933
E + 00
E - 01
E - 02
E - 02
E + 01
Plane angle
rad
deg (°)
min (′)
sec (″)
rad
rad
rad
rad
1
1.745 329
2.908 882
4.848 137
E - 02
E - 04
E - 06
Solid angle
sr
sr
1
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
(Continued )
1-7
1-8
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-8 Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional Units to SI Units (Continued )
Quantity
Time
Customary or commonly
used unit
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
a
d
s
min
s
h
year
week
h
min
Conversion factor;
multiply
customary unit by
factor to
obtain SI unit
1
7.0*
3.6*
6.0*
6.0*
1.666 667
E + 00
E + 03
E + 01
E + 01
E - 02
1.016 047
9.071 847
5.080 234
4.535 924
4.535 924
3.110 348
2.834 952
6.479 891
E + 00
E - 01
E + 01
E + 01
E - 01
E + 01
E + 01
E + 01
4.535 924
4.461 58
1.195 30
E - 01
E - 02
E - 03
2.326 000
2.326 000
6.461 112
4.184*
9.224 141
E - 03
E + 00
E - 04
E + 00
E + 00
4.184*
2.326 000
E + 03
E + 00
2.787 163
2.787 163
7.742 119
2.320 800
2.320 800
6.446 667
3.725 895
3.725 895
1.034 971
4.184*
3.581 692
E - 01
E + 02
E - 02
E - 01
E + 02
E - 02
E - 02
E + 01
E - 02
E + 00
E - 01
E + 03
E + 00
E + 01
E - 02
Mass, amount of substance
Mass
U.K. ton
U.S. ton
U.K. cwt
U.S. cwt
lbm
oz (troy)
oz (av)
gr
Mg
Mg
kg
kg
kg
g
g
mg
Amount of substance
lbmmol
std m3 (0°C, 1 atm)
std ft3 (60°F, 1 atm)
kmol
kmol
kmol
t
t
Enthalpy, calorific value, heat, entropy, heat capacity
cal/g
cal/lbm
MJ/kg
kJ/kg
kWh/kg
kJ/kg
J/kg
Caloric value, enthalpy
(mole basis)
kcal/(g ⋅ mol)
Btu/(lb ⋅ mol)
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
Caloric value (volume
basis—solids and liquids)
Btu/U.S. gal
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kWh/m3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kWh/m3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kWh/m3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kJ/dm3
Caloric value, enthalpy
(mass basis)
Btu/lbm
Btu/U.K. gal
Btu/ft3
cal/mL
( ft ⋅ lbf)/U.S. gal
J/g
J/g
kJ/dm3
kJ/dm3
Caloric value (volume
basis—gases)
cal/mL
kcal/m3
Btu/ft3
kJ/m3
kJ/m3
kJ/m3
kWh/m3
J/dm3
J/dm3
J/dm3
Specific entropy
Btu/(lbm ⋅ °R)
cal/(g ⋅ K)
kcal/(kg ⋅ °C)
kJ/(kg ⋅ K)
kJ/(kg ⋅ K)
kJ/(kg ⋅ K)
J/(g ⋅ K)
J/(g ⋅ K)
J/(g ⋅ K)
4.184*
4.184*
3.725 895
1.034 971
4.186 8*
4.184*
4.184*
Specific heat capacity (mass basis)
kWh/(kg ⋅ °C)
Btu/(lbm ⋅ °F)
kcal/(kg ⋅ °C)
kJ/(kg ⋅ K)
kJ/(kg ⋅ K)
kJ/(kg ⋅ K)
J/(g ⋅ K)
J/(g ⋅ K)
J/(g ⋅ K)
3.6*
4.186 8*
4.184*
E + 03
E + 00
E + 00
Specific heat capacity (mole basis)
Btu/(lb ⋅ mol ⋅ °F)
cal/(g ⋅ mol ⋅ °C)
kJ/(kmol ⋅ K)
kJ/(kmol ⋅ K)
4.186 8*
4.184*
E + 00
E + 00
E + 00
E + 00
E + 00
Temperature, pressure, vacuum
Temperature (absolute)
°R
K
K
K
5/9
1
Temperature (traditional)
°F
°C
5/9(°F + 32)
Temperature (difference)
°F
K, °C
5/9
Pressure
atm (760 mmHg at 0°C or
14,696 psi)
MPa
kPa
bar
MPa
kPa
MPa
kPa
bar
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
Pa
Pa
Pa
1.013 250*
1.013 250*
1.013 250*
1.0*
1.0*
6.894 757
6.894 757
6.894 757
3.376 85
2.488 4
1.333 224
9.806 38
4.788 026
1.333 224
1.0*
1.0*
bar
mmHg (0°C) = torr
µmHg (0°C)
µ bar
mmHg = torr (0°C)
cmH2O (4°C)
lbf /ft2 (psf)
mHg (0°C)
bar
dyn/cm2
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
E - 01
E + 02
E + 00
E + 01
E + 02
E - 03
E + 00
E - 02
E + 00
E - 01
E - 01
E - 02
E - 02
E - 01
E + 05
E - 01
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
TABLE 1-8 Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional Units to SI Units (Continued )
Customary or commonly
used unit
SI unit
Vacuum, draft
inHg (60°F)
inH2O (39.2°F)
inH2O (60°F)
mmHg (0°C) = torr
cmH2O (4°C)
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
3.376 85
2.490 82
2.488 4
1.333 224
9.806 38
E + 00
E - 01
E - 01
E - 01
E -02
Liquid head
ft
in
m
mm
cm
3.048*
2.54*
2.54*
E - 01
E + 01
E + 00
psi/ft
kPa/m
2.262 059
E + 01
kg/m3
g/m3
kg/m3
g/cm3
kg/m3
kg/m3
g/cm3
kg/m3
kg/m3
1.601 846
1.601 846
1.198 264
1.198 264
9.977 633
1.601 846
1.601 846
1.0*
1.601 846
E + 01
E + 04
E + 02
E - 01
E + 01
E + 01
E - 02
E + 03
E + 01
ft /lbm
U.K. gal/lbm
U.S. gal/lbm
m3/kg
m3/g
dm3/kg
dm3/kg
dm3/kg
6.242 796
6.242 796
6.242 796
1.002 242
8.345 404
E - 02
E - 05
E + 01
E + 01
E + 00
Specific volume (mole basis)
L/(gmol)
ft3/(lbmol)
m3/kmol
m3/kmol
1
6.242 796
E - 02
Specific volume
bbl/U.S. ton
bbl/U.K. ton
m3/t
m3/t
1.752 535
1.564 763
E - 01
E - 01
Yield
bbl/U.S. ton
bbl/U.K. ton
U.S. gal/U.S. ton
U.S. gal/U.K. ton
dm3/t
dm3/t
dm3/t
dm3/t
1.752 535
1.564 763
4.172 702
3.725 627
E + 02
E + 02
E + 00
E + 00
Concentration (mass/mass)
wt %
wt ppm
kg/kg
g/kg
mg/kg
1.0*
1.0*
1
E - 02
E + 01
lbm/bbl
g/U.S. gal
g/U.K. gal
lbm/1000 U.S. gal
lbm/1000 U.K. gal
gr/U.S. gal
gr/ft3
lbm/1000 bbl
mg/U.S. gal
gr/100 ft3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
g/m3
g/m3
g/m3
mg/m3
g/m3
g/m3
mg/m3
2.853 010
2.641 720
2.199 692
1.198 264
9.977 633
1.711 806
2.288 351
2.853 010
2.641 720
2.288 351
E + 00
E - 01
E - 01
E + 02
E + 01
E + 01
E + 03
E + 00
E - 01
E + 01
ft3/ft3
bbl/(acreft)
vol %
U.K. gal/ft3
U.S. gal/ft3
mL/U.S. gal
mL/U.K. gal
vol ppm
U.K. gal/1000 bbl
U.S. gal/1000 bbl
U.K. pt/1000 bbl
m3/m3
m3/m3
m3/m3
dm3/m3
dm3/m3
dm3/m3
dm3/m3
cm3/m3
dm3/m3
cm3/m3
cm3/m3
cm3/m3
Concentration (mole/volume)
(lbmol)/U.S. gal
(lbmol)/U.K. gal
(lbmol)/ft3
std ft3 (60°F, 1 atm)/bbl
kmol/m3
kmol/m3
kmol/m3
kmol/m3
Concentration (volume/mole)
U.S. gal/1000 std ft3
(60°F/60°F)
bbl/million std ft3
(60°F/60°F)
dm3/kmol
Quantity
Pressure drop/length
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor;
multiply
customary unit by
factor to
obtain SI unit
Density, specific volume, concentration, dosage
Density
lbm/ft3
lbm/U.S. gal
lbm/U.K. gal
lbm/ft3
g/cm3
lbm/ft3
Specific volume
ft3/lbm
3
Concentration (mass/volume)
Concentration (volume/volume)
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
3
dm /kmol
cm3/g
cm3/g
L/t
L/t
L/t
L/t
g/dm3
g/L
mg/dm3
mg/dm3
mg/dm3
mg/dm3
mg/dm3
3
L/m
L/m3
L/m3
L/m3
L/m3
1
1.288 931
1.0*
1.605 437
1.336 806
2.641 720
2.199 692
1
1.0*
2.859 403
2.380 952
3.574 253
E - 04
E - 02
E + 02
E + 02
E - 01
E - 01
E - 03
E + 01
E + 01
E + 00
1.198 264
9.977 644
1.601 846
7.518 21
E + 02
E + 01
E + 01
E - 03
L/kmol
3.166 91
E + 00
L/kmol
1.330 10
E - 01
(Continued )
1-9
1-10
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-8 Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional Units to SI Units (Continued )
Quantity
Customary or commonly
used unit
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor;
multiply
customary unit by
factor to
obtain SI unit
Facility throughput, capacity
Throughput (mass basis)
U.K. ton/yr
U.S. ton/yr
U.K. ton/day
U.S. ton/day
U.K. ton/h
U.S. ton/h
lbm/h
Throughput (volume basis)
bbl/day
ft3/day
bbl/h
ft3/h
U.K. gal/h
U.S. gal/h
U.K. gal/min
U.S. gal/min
t/a
t/a
t/d
t/h
t/d
t/h
t/h
t/h
kg/h
1.016 047
9.071 847
1.016 047
4.233 529
9.071 847
3.779 936
1.016 047
9.071 847
4.535 924
E + 00
E - 01
E + 00
E - 02
E - 01
E - 02
E + 00
E - 01
E - 01
t/a
m3/d
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
L/s
m3/h
L/s
m3/h
L/s
m3/h
L/s
5.803 036
1.589 873
1.179 869
1.589 873
2.831 685
4.546 092
1.262 803
3.785 412
1.051 503
2.727 655
7.576 819
2.271 247
6.309 020
E + 01
E - 01
E - 03
E - 01
E - 02
E - 03
E - 03
E - 03
E - 03
E - 01
E - 02
E - 01
E - 02
kmol/h
kmol/s
4.535 924
1.259 979
E - 01
E - 04
Throughput (mole basis)
(lbmmol)/h
Flow rate (mass basis)
U.K. ton/min
U.S. ton/min
U.K. ton/h
U.S. ton/h
U.K. ton/day
U.S. ton/day
million lbm/yr
U.K. ton/yr
U.S. ton/yr
lbm/s
lbm/min
lbm/h
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
1.693 412
1.511 974
2.822 353
2.519 958
1.175 980
1.049 982
5.249 912
3.221 864
2.876 664
4.535 924
7.559 873
1.259 979
E + 01
E + 01
E - 01
E - 01
E - 02
E - 02
E + 00
E - 05
E - 05
E - 01
E - 03
E - 04
Flow rate (volume basis)
bbl/day
U.K. gal/h
U.S. gal/h
U.K. gal/min
U.S. gal/min
ft3/min
ft3/s
m3/d
L/s
m3/d
L/s
m3/s
L/s
m3/s
L/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
1.589 873
1.840 131
2.831 685
3.277 413
4.416 314
4.416 314
7.865 791
7.865 791
1.262 803
1.051 503
7.576 820
6.309 020
4.719 474
2.831 685
E - 01
E - 03
E - 02
E - 04
E - 05
E - 02
E - 06
E - 03
E - 03
E - 03
E - 02
E - 02
E - 01
E + 01
Flow rate (mole basis)
(lbmol)/s
(lbmol)/h
million scf/D
kmol/s
kmol/s
kmol/s
4.535 924
1.259 979
1.383 45
E - 01
E - 04
E - 02
Flow rate/length (mass basis)
lbm/(sft)
lbm/(hft)
kg/(sm)
kg/(sm)
1.488 164
4.133 789
E + 00
E - 04
Flow rate/length (volume basis)
U.K. gal/(min ⋅ ft)
U.S. gal/(min ⋅ ft)
U.K. gal/(h ⋅ in)
U.S. gal/(h ⋅ in)
U.K. gal/(h ⋅ ft)
U.S. gal/(h ⋅ ft)
m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
2.485 833
2.069 888
4.971 667
4.139 776
4.143 055
3.449 814
E - 04
E - 04
E - 05
E - 05
E - 06
E - 06
Flow rate/area (mass basis)
lbm/(s ⋅ ft2)
lbm/(h ⋅ ft2)
kg/(s ⋅ m2)
kg/(s ⋅ m2)
4.882 428
1.356 230
E + 00
E - 03
Flow rate/area (volume basis)
ft3/(s ⋅ ft2)
ft3/(min ⋅ ft2)
U.K. gal/(h ⋅ in2)
U.S. gal/(h ⋅ in2)
U.K. gal/(min ⋅ ft2)
U.S. gal/(min ⋅ ft2)
U.K. gal/(h ⋅ ft2)
U.S. gal/(h ⋅ ft2)
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
3.048*
5.08*
1.957 349
1.629 833
8.155 621
6.790 972
1.359 270
1.131 829
E - 01
E - 03
E - 03
E - 03
E - 04
E - 04
E - 05
E - 05
Flow rate
3
ft /day
bbl/h
ft3/h
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
L/s
L/s
L/s
L/s
L/s
L/s
m3/(s ⋅ m)
m3/(s ⋅ m)
m3/(s ⋅ m)
m3/(s ⋅ m)
m3/(s ⋅ m)
m3/(s ⋅ m)
m3/(s ⋅ m2)
m3/(s ⋅ m2)
m3/(s ⋅ m2)
m3/(s ⋅ m2)
m3/(s ⋅ m2)
m3/(s ⋅ m2)
m3/(s ⋅ m2)
m3/(s ⋅ m2)
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
TABLE 1-8 Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional Units to SI Units (Continued )
Quantity
Customary or commonly
used unit
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor;
multiply
customary unit by
factor to
obtain SI unit
Energy, work, power
kcal
cal
ft ⋅ lbf
lbf ⋅ ft
J
(lbf ⋅ ft2)/s2
erg
MJ
kJ
kWh
MJ
MJ
kJ
kWh
MJ
kJ
kWh
MJ
kJ
kJ
kWh
kJ
kWh
kJ
kJ
kJ
kJ
kJ
kJ
J
1.055 056
1.055 056
2.930 711
1.431 744
2.684 520
2.684 520
7.456 999
2.647 780
2.647 780
7.354 999
3.6*
3.6*
1.899 101
5.275 280
1.055 056
2.930 711
4.184*
4.184*
1.355 818
1.355 818
1.0*
4.214 011
1.0*
E + 02
E + 05
E + 01
E + 01
E + 00
E + 03
E - 01
E + 00
E + 03
E - 01
E + 00
E + 03
E + 00
E - 04
E + 00
E - 04
E + 00
E - 03
E - 03
E - 03
E - 03
E - 05
E - 07
Impact energy
kgf ⋅ m
lbf ⋅ ft
J
J
9.806 650*
1.355 818
E + 00
E + 00
Surface energy
erg/cm2
mJ/m2
1.0*
E + 00
J/cm2
J/cm2
9.806 650*
2.101 522
E - 02
E - 03
Energy, work
therm
U.S. tonf ⋅ mi
hp ⋅ h
ch ⋅ h or CV ⋅ h
kWh
Chu
Btu
Specific-impact energy
(kgf ⋅ m)/cm
(lbf ⋅ ft)/in2
Power
million Btu/h
tons of refrigeration
Btu/s
kW
hydraulic horsepower (hhp)
hp (electric)
hp [(550 ft ⋅ lbf)/s]
ch or CV
Btu/min
( ft ⋅ lbf)/s
kcal/h
Btu/h
( ft ⋅ lbf)/min
MW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
W
W
W
2.930 711
3.516 853
1.055 056
1
7.460 43
7.46*
7.456 999
7.354 999
1.758 427
1.355 818
1.162 222
2.930 711
2.259 697
E - 01
E + 00
E + 00
Power/area
Btu/(s ⋅ ft2)
cal/(h ⋅ cm2)
Btu/(h ⋅ ft2)
kW/m2
kW/m2
kW/m2
1.135 653
1.162 222
3.154 591
E + 01
E - 02
E - 03
Heat-release rate, mixing power
hp/ft3
cal/(h ⋅ cm3)
Btu/(s ⋅ ft3)
Btu/(h ⋅ ft3)
kW/m3
kW/m3
kW/m3
kW/m3
2.633 414
1.162 222
3.725 895
1.034 971
E + 01
E + 00
E + 01
E - 02
Cooling duty (machinery)
Btu/(bhp ⋅ h)
W/kW
3.930 148
E - 01
Specific fuel consumption (mass
basis)
lbm/(hp ⋅ h)
mg/J
kg/kWh
kg/MJ
1.689 659
6.082 774
E - 01
E - 01
Specific fuel consumption (volume
basis)
m3/kWh
U.S. gal/(hp ⋅ h)
U.K. pt/(hp ⋅ h)
dm3/MJ
dm3/MJ
dm3/MJ
mm3/J
mm3/J
mm3/J
2.777 778
1.410 089
2.116 806
E + 02
E + 00
E - 01
Fuel consumption
U.K. gal/mi
U.S. gal/mi
mi/U.S. gal
mi/U.K. gal
dm3/100 km
dm3/100 km
km/dm3
km/dm3
L/100 km
L/100 km
km/L
km/L
2.824 807
2.352 146
4.251 437
3.540 064
E + 02
E + 02
E - 01
E - 01
Velocity (linear), speed
knot
mi/h
ft/s
km/h
km/h
m/s
cm/s
m/s
mm/s
mm/s
m/d
mm/s
mm/s
1.852*
1.609 344*
3.048*
3.048*
5.08*
8.466 667
3.527 778
3.048*
2.54*
4.233 333
E + 00
E + 00
E - 01
E + 01
E - 03
E - 02
E - 03
E - 01
E + 01
E - 01
ft/min
ft/h
ft/day
in/s
in/min
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
2
E - 01
E - 01
E - 01
E - 01
E - 02
E - 03
E + 00
E - 01
E - 02
(Continued )
1-11
1-12
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-8 Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional Units to SI Units (Continued )
Customary or commonly
used unit
SI unit
Corrosion rate
in/yr (ipy)
mil/yr
mm/a
mm/a
2.54*
2.54*
E + 01
E - 02
Rotational frequency
r/min
r/s
rad/s
1.666 667
1.047 198
E + 02
E - 01
Acceleration (linear)
ft/s2
m/s2
cm/s2
3.048*
3.048*
E - 01
E + 01
Acceleration (rotational)
rpm/s
rad/s2
1.047 198
E - 01
Momentum
(lbm ⋅ ft)/s
(kg ⋅ m)/s
1.382 550
E - 01
Force
U.K. tonf
U.S. tonf
kgf
lbf
dyn
kN
kN
N
N
mN
9.964 016
8.896 443
9.806 650*
4.448 222
1.0
E + 00
E + 00
E + 00
E + 00
E - 02
Bending moment, torque
U.S. tonf ⋅ ft
kgf ⋅ m
lbf ⋅ ft
lbf ⋅ in
kN ⋅ m
N⋅m
N⋅m
N⋅m
2.711 636
9.806 650*
1.355 818
1.129 848
E + 00
E + 00
E + 00
E - 01
Bending moment/length
(lbf ⋅ ft)/in
(lbf ⋅ in)/in
(N ⋅ m)/m
(N ⋅ m)/m
5.337 866
4.448 222
E + 01
E + 00
Moment of inertia
lbm ⋅ ft2
kg ⋅ m2
4.214 011
E - 02
Stress
U.S. tonf/in2
kgf/mm2
U.S. tonf/ft2
lbf/in2 (psi)
lbf/ft2 (psf)
dyn/cm2
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
kPa
Pa
1.378 951
9.806 650*
9.576 052
6.894 757
4.788 026
1.0*
E + 01
E + 00
E - 02
E - 03
E - 02
E - 01
Quantity
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor;
multiply
customary unit by
factor to
obtain SI unit
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
Mass/length
lbm/ft
kg/m
1.488 164
E + 00
Mass/area structural loading,
bearing capacity (mass basis)
U.S. ton/ft2
lbm/ft2
Mg/m2
kg/m2
9.764 855
4.882 428
E + 00
E + 00
Diffusivity
ft2/s
m2/s
ft2/h
m2/s
mm2/s
m2/s
9.290 304*
1.0*
2.580 64*
E - 02
E + 06
E - 05
Thermal resistance
(°C ⋅ m2 ⋅ h)/kcal
(°F ⋅ ft2 ⋅ h)/Btu
(K ⋅ m2)/kW
(K ⋅ m2)/kW
8.604 208
1.761 102
E + 02
E + 02
Heat flux
Btu/(h ⋅ ft2)
kW/m2
3.154 591
E - 03
W/(m ⋅ K)
W/(m ⋅ K)
(kJ ⋅ m)/(h ⋅ m2 ⋅ K)
W/(m ⋅ K)
W/(m ⋅ K)
W/(m ⋅ K)
4.184*
1.730 735
6.230 646
1.162 222
1.442 279
1.162 222
E + 02
E + 00
E + 00
E + 00
E - 01
E - 01
Btu/(h ⋅ ft2 ⋅ °R)
kcal/(h ⋅ m2 ⋅ °C)
kW/(m2 ⋅ K)
kW/(m2 ⋅ K)
kW/(m2 ⋅ K)
kW/(m2 ⋅ K)
kJ/(h ⋅ m2 ⋅ K)
kW/(m2 ⋅ K)
kW/(m2 ⋅ K)
4.184*
2.044 175
1.162 222
5.678 263
2.044 175
5.678 263
1.162 222
E + 01
E + 01
E - 02
E - 03
E + 01
E - 03
E - 03
Volumetric heat-transfer
coefficient
Btu/(s ⋅ ft3 ⋅ °F)
Btu/(h ⋅ ft3 ⋅ °F)
kW/(m3 ⋅ K)
kW/(m3 ⋅ K)
6.706 611
1.862 947
E + 01
E - 02
Surface tension
dyn/cm
mN/m
Miscellaneous transport properties
Thermal conductivity
2
(cal ⋅ cm)/(s ⋅ cm ⋅ °C)
(Btu ⋅ ft)/(h ⋅ ft2 ⋅ °F)
(kcal ⋅ m)/(h ⋅ m2 ⋅ °C)
(Btu ⋅ in)/(h ⋅ ft2 ⋅ °F)
(cal ⋅ cm)/(h ⋅ cm2 ⋅ °C)
Heat-transfer coefficient
Viscosity (dynamic)
cal/(s ⋅ cm2 ⋅ °C)
Btu/(s ⋅ ft2 ⋅ °F)
cal/(h ⋅ cm2 ⋅ °C)
Btu/(h ⋅ ft2 ⋅ °F)
2
(lbf ⋅ s)/in
(lbf ⋅ s)/ft2
(kgf ⋅ s)/m2
lbm/( ft ⋅ s)
(dyn ⋅ s)/cm2
cP
lbm/( ft ⋅ h)
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
Pa ⋅ s
Pa ⋅ s
Pa ⋅ s
Pa ⋅ s
Pa ⋅ s
Pa ⋅ s
Pa ⋅ s
1
2
(N ⋅ s)/m
(N ⋅ s)/m2
(N ⋅ s)/m2
(N ⋅ s)/m2
(N ⋅ s)/m2
(N ⋅ s)/m2
(N ⋅ s)/m2
6.894 757
4.788 026
9.806 650*
1.488 164
1.0*
1.0*
4.133 789
E + 03
E + 01
E + 00
E + 00
E - 01
E - 03
E - 04
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
TABLE 1-8 Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional Units to SI Units (Continued )
Customary or commonly
used unit
SI unit
Viscosity (kinematic)
ft2/s
in2/s
m2/h
ft2/h
cSt
m2/s
mm2/s
mm2/s
m2/s
mm2/s
9.290 304*
6.451 6*
2.777 778
2.580 64*
1
E - 02
E + 02
E + 02
E - 05
Permeability
darcy
millidarcy
µm2
µm2
9.869 233
9.869 233
E - 01
E - 04
Thermal flux
Btu/(h ⋅ ft2)
Btu/(s ⋅ ft2)
cal/(s ⋅ cm2)
W/m2
W/m2
W/m2
3.152
1.135
4.184
E + 00
E + 04
E + 04
Mass-transfer coefficient
(lbmol)/[h ⋅ ft2(lbmol/ft3)]
(gmol)/[s ⋅ m2(gmol/L)]
m/s
m/s
8.467
1.0
E - 05
E + 01
Quantity
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor;
multiply
customary unit by
factor to
obtain SI unit
Electricity, magnetism
Admittance
S
S
1
Capacitance
µF
µF
1
Charge density
C/mm3
C/mm3
1
Conductance
S
S
S
1
1
(mho)
Ω
Conductivity
S/m
/m
m /m
S/m
S/m
mS/m
1
1
1
Current density
A/mm2
A/mm2
1
1
Ω
Ω
2
Displacement
C/cm
C/cm2
Electric charge
C
C
1
Electric current
A
A
1
Electric-dipole moment
C⋅m
C⋅m
1
Electric-field strength
V/m
V/m
1
Electric flux
C
C
1
Electric polarization
C/cm2
C/cm2
1
Electric potential
V
mV
V
mV
1
1
Electromagnetic moment
A ⋅ m2
A ⋅ m2
1
Electromotive force
V
V
1
Flux of displacement
C
C
1
Frequency
cycles/s
Hz
1
Impedance
Ω
Ω
1
Linear-current density
A/mm
A/mm
1
Magnetic-dipole moment
Wb ⋅ m
Wb ⋅ m
1
Magnetic-field strength
A/mm
Oe
gamma
A/mm
A/m
A/m
1
7.957 747
7.957 747
Magnetic flux
mWb
mWb
1
Magnetic-flux density
mT
G
gamma
mT
T
nT
1
1.0*
1
Magnetic induction
mT
mT
1
Magnetic moment
A ⋅ m2
A ⋅ m2
1
Magnetic polarization
mT
mT
1
Magnetic potential difference
A
A
1
Magnetic-vector potential
Wb/mm
Wb/mm
1
Magnetization
A/mm
A/mm
1
Modulus of admittance
S
S
1
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
E + 01
E + 04
E - 04
(Continued )
1-13
1-14
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-8 Conversion Factors: Commonly Used and Traditional Units to SI Units (Continued )
Customary or commonly
used unit
SI unit
Modulus of impedance
Ω
Ω
1
Mutual inductance
H
H
1
Permeability
µH/m
µH/m
1
Permeance
H
H
1
Permittivity
µF/m
µF/m
1
Potential difference
V
V
1
Quantity
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor;
multiply
customary unit by
factor to
obtain SI unit
Quantity of electricity
C
C
1
Reactance
Ω
Ω
1
Reluctance
H-1
H-1
1
Resistance
Ω
Ω
1
Resistivity
Ω ⋅ cm
Ω⋅m
Ω ⋅ cm
Ω⋅m
1
1
Self-inductance
mH
mH
1
Surface density of change
mC/m2
mC/m2
1
Susceptance
S
S
1
Volume density of charge
C/mm3
C/mm3
1
Absorbed dose
rad
Gy
1.0*
Acoustical energy
J
J
1
Acoustical intensity
W/cm2
W/m2
1.0*
Acoustical power
W
W
1
Sound pressure
N/m2
N/m2
1.0*
Illuminance
fc
lx
1.076 391
E + 01
Illumination
fc
lx
1.076 391
E + 01
Acoustics, light, radiation
2
2
Irradiance
W/m
W/m
1
Light exposure
fc ⋅ s
lx ⋅ s
1.076 391
Luminance
cd/m2
cd/m2
1
Luminous efficacy
lm/W
lm/W
1
2
2
E - 02
E + 04
E + 01
Luminous exitance
lm/m
lm/m
1
Luminous flux
lm
lm
1
Luminous intensity
cd
cd
1
Radiance
W/m2 ⋅ sr
W/m2 ⋅ sr
1
Radiant energy
J
J
1
Radiant flux
W
W
1
Radiant intensity
W/sr
W/sr
1
Radiant power
W
W
1
Wavelength
Å
nm
1.0*
E - 01
Capture unit
10 cm
m
E + 01
m
m
1.0*
1
1
Ci
Bq
3.7*
E + 10
-3
-1
Radioactivity
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
-1
-1
-1
10-3 cm-1
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
TABLE 1-9 Other Conversion Factors to SI Units
The first two digits of each numerical entry represent a power of 10. For example, the entry “-02 2.54” expresses the fact that 1 in = 2.54 × 10-2 m.
To Convert from
abampere
abcoulomb
abfarad
abhenry
abmho
abohm
abvolt
acre
ampere (international of
1948)
angstrom
are
astronomical unit
atmosphere
bar
barn
barrel (petroleum 42 gal)
barye
British thermal unit
(ISO/TC 12)
British thermal unit
(International Steam Table)
British thermal unit (mean)
British thermal unit
(thermochemical)
British thermal unit (39°F)
British thermal unit (60°F)
bushel (U.S.)
cable
caliber
calorie (International Steam Table)
calorie (mean)
calorie (thermochemical)
calorie (15°C)
calorie (20°C)
calorie (kilogram,
International Steam Table)
calorie (kilogram, mean)
calorie (kilogram,
thermochemical)
carat (metric)
Celsius (temperature)
centimeter of mercury (0°C)
centimeter of water (4°C)
chain (engineer’s)
chain (surveyor’s or
Gunter’s)
circular mil
cord
coulomb (international of
1948)
cubit
cup
curie
day (mean solar)
day (sidereal)
degree (angle)
denier (international)
dram (avoirdupois)
dram (troy or apothecary)
dram (U.S. fluid)
dyne
electron volt
erg
Fahrenheit (temperature)
Fahrenheit (temperature)
farad (international of 1948)
faraday (based on carbon 12)
faraday (chemical)
faraday (physical)
fathom
fermi ( femtometer)
fluid ounce (U.S.)
foot
To
Multiply by
ampere
coulomb
farad
henry
mho
ohm
volt
meter2
ampere
+01 1.00
+01 1.00
+09 1.00
-09 1.00
+09 1.00
-09 1.00
-08 1.00
+03 4.046 856
-01 9.998 35
meter
meter2
meter
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
meter2
meter3
newton/meter2
joule
-10 1.00
+02 1.00
+11 1.495 978
+05 1.013 25
+05 1.00
-28 1.00
-01 1.589 873
-01 1.00
+03 1.055 06
joule
+03 1.055 04
joule
joule
+03 1.055 87
+03 1.054 350
joule
joule
meter3
meter
meter
joule
joule
joule
joule
joule
joule
+03 1.059 67
+03 1.054 68
-02 3.523 907
+02 2.194 56
-04 2.54
+00 4.1868
+00 4.190 02
+00 4.184
+00 4.185 80
+00 4.181 90
+03 4.186 8
joule
joule
+03 4.190 02
+03 4.184
kilogram
kelvin
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
meter
meter
-04 2.00
tK = tC + 273.15
+03 1.333 22
+01 9.806 38
+01 3.048
+01 2.011 68
meter2
meter3
coulomb
-10 5.067 074
+00 3.624 556
-01 9.998 35
meter
meter3
disintegration/second
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
radian
kilogram/meter
kilogram
kilogram
meter3
newton
joule
joule
kelvin
Celsius
farad
coulomb
coulomb
coulomb
meter
meter
meter3
meter
-01 4.572
-04 2.365 882
+10 3.70
+04 8.64
+04 8.616 409
-02 1.745 329
-07 1.111 111
-03 1.771 845
-03 3.887 934
-06 3.696 691
-05 1.00
-19 1.602 10
-07 1.00
tK = (5/9)(tF + 459.67)
tC = (5/9)(tF - 32)
-01 9.995 05
+04 9.648 70
+04 9.649 57
+04 9.652 19
+00 1.828 8
-15 1.00
-05 2.957 352
-01 3.048
To Convert from
foot (U.S. survey)
foot of water (39.2°F)
footcandle
footlambert
furlong
galileo
gallon (U.K. liquid)
gallon (U.S. dry)
gallon (U.S. liquid)
gamma
gauss
gilbert
gill (U.K.)
gill (U.S.)
grad
grad
grain
gram
hand
hectare
henry (international of 1948)
hogshead (U.S.)
horsepower (550 ft lbf/s)
horsepower (boiler)
horsepower (electric)
horsepower (metric)
horsepower (U.K.)
horsepower (water)
hour (mean solar)
hour (sidereal)
hundredweight (long)
hundredweight (short)
inch
inch of mercury (32°F)
inch of mercury (60°F)
inch of water (39.2°F)
inch of water (60°F)
joule (international of 1948)
kayser
kilocalorie (International
Steam Table)
kilocalorie (mean)
kilocalorie (thermochemical)
kilogram mass
kilogram-force (kgf)
kilopound-force
kip
knot (international)
lambert
lambert
langley
lbf (pound-force,
avoirdupois)
lbm (pound-mass,
avoirdupois)
league (British nautical)
league (international
nautical)
league (statute)
light-year
link (engineer’s)
link (surveyor’s or Gunter’s)
liter
lux
maxwell
meter
micrometer
mil
mile (U.S. statute)
mile (U.K. nautical)
mile (international nautical)
mile (U.S. nautical)
millibar
millimeter of mercury (0°C)
To
Multiply by
meter
newton/meter2
lumen/meter2
candela/meter2
meter
meter/second2
meter3
meter3
meter3
tesla
tesla
ampere turn
meter3
meter3
degree (angular)
radian
kilogram
kilogram
meter
meter2
henry
meter3
watt
watt
watt
watt
watt
watt
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
kilogram
kilogram
meter
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
joule
1/meter
joule
-01 3.048 006
+03 2.988 98
+01 1.076 391
+00 3.426 259
+02 2.011 68
-02 1.00
-03 4.546 087
-03 4.404 883
-03 3.785 411
-09 1.00
-04 1.00
-01 7.957 747
-04 1.420 652
-04 1.182 941
-01 9.00
-02 1.570 796
-05 6.479 891
-03 1.00
-01 1.016
+04 1.00
+00 1.000 495
-01 2.384 809
+02 7.456 998
+03 9.809 50
+02 7.46
+02 7.354 99
+02 7.457
+02 7.460 43
+03 3.60
+03 3.590 170
+01 5.080 234
+01 4.535 923
-02 2.54
+03 3.386 389
+03 3.376 85
+02 2.490 82
+02 2.4884
+00 1.000 165
+02 1.00
+03 4.186 74
joule
joule
kilogram
newton
newton
newton
meter/second
candela/meter2
candela/meter2
joule/meter2
newton
+03 4.190 02
+03 4.184
+00 1.00
+00 9.806 65
+00 9.806 65
+03 4.448 221
-01 5.144 444
+04 1/π
+03 3.183 098
+04 4.184
+00 4.448 221
kilogram
-01 4.535 923
meter
meter
+03 5.559 552
+03 5.556
meter
meter
meter
meter
meter3
lumen/meter2
weber
wavelengths Kr 86
meter
meter
meter
meter
meter
meter
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
+03 4.828 032
+15 9.460 55
-01 3.048
-01 2.011 68
-03 1.00
+00 1.00
-08 1.00
+06 1.650 763
-06 1.00
-05 2.54
+03 1.609 344
+03 1.853 184
+03 1.852
+03 1.852
+02 1.00
+02 1.333 224
(Continued )
1-15
1-16
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-9 Other Conversion Factors to SI Units (Continued )
The first two digits of each numerical entry represent a power of 10. For example, the entry “-02 2.54” expresses the fact that 1 in = 2.54 × 10-2 m.
To Convert from
minute (angle)
minute (mean solar)
minute (sidereal)
month (mean calendar)
nautical mile (international)
nautical mile (U.S.)
nautical mile (U.K.)
oersted
ohm (international of 1948)
ounce-force (avoirdupois)
ounce-mass (avoirdupois)
ounce-mass (troy or apothecary)
ounce (U.S. fluid)
pace
parsec
pascal
peck (U.S.)
pennyweight
perch
phot
pica (printer’s)
pint (U.S. dry)
pint (U.S. liquid)
point (printer’s)
poise
pole
pound-force (lbf
avoirdupois)
pound-mass (lbm
avoirdupois)
pound-mass (troy or
apothecary)
poundal
quart (U.S. dry)
quart (U.S. liquid)
rad (radiation dose
absorbed)
Rankine (temperature)
rayleigh (rate of photon
emission)
rhe
rod
roentgen
rutherford
second (angle)
To
Multiply by
radian
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
meter
meter
meter
ampere/meter
ohm
newton
kilogram
kilogram
meter3
meter
meter
newton/meter2
meter3
kilogram
meter
lumen/meter2
meter
meter3
meter3
meter
(newton-second)/meter2
meter
newton
-04 2.908 882
+01 6.00
+01 5.983 617
+06 2.628
+03 1.852
+03 1.852
+03 1.853 184
+01 7.957 747
+00 1.000 495
-01 2.780 138
-02 2.834 952
-02 3.110 347
-05 2.957 352
-01 7.62
+16 3.083 74
+00 1.00
-03 8.809 767
-03 1.555 173
+00 5.0292
+04 1.00
-03 4.217 517
-04 5.506 104
-04 4.731 764
-04 3.514 598
-01 1.00
+00 5.0292
+00 4.448 221
kilogram
-01 4.535 923
kilogram
-01 3.732 417
newton
meter3
meter3
joule/kilogram
-01 1.382 549
-03 1.101 220
-04 9.463 529
-02 1.00
kelvin
1/second-meter2
tK = (5/9)tR
+10 1.00
meter2/(newtonsecond)
meter
coulomb/kilogram
disintegration/second
radian
+01 1.00
+00 5.0292
-04 2.579 76
+06 1.00
-06 4.848 136
To Convert from
To
Multiply by
second (ephemeris)
second (mean solar)
second
second (ephemeris)
second (sidereal)
section
scruple (apothecary)
shake
skein
slug
span
statampere
statcoulomb
statfarad
stathenry
statmho
statohm
statute mile (U.S.)
statvolt
stere
stilb
stoke
tablespoon
teaspoon
ton (assay)
ton (long)
ton (metric)
ton (nuclear equivalent of TNT)
ton (register)
ton (short, 2000 lb)
tonne
torr (0°C)
township
unit pole
volt (international of 1948)
watt (international of 1948)
yard
year (calendar)
year (sidereal)
year (tropical)
year 1900, tropical, Jan., day
0, hour 12
year 1900, tropical, Jan., day
0, hour 12
second (mean solar)
meter2
kilogram
second
meter
kilogram
meter
ampere
coulomb
farad
henry
mho
ohm
meter
volt
meter3
candela/meter2
meter2/second
meter3
meter3
kilogram
kilogram
kilogram
joule
meter3
kilogram
kilogram
newton/meter2
meter2
weber
volt
watt
meter
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
second (ephemeris)
+00 1.000 000
Consult
American
Ephemeris
and Nautical
Almanac
-01 9.972 695
+06 2.589 988
-03 1.295 978
-08 1.00
+02 1.097 28
+01 1.459 390
-01 2.286
-10 3.335 640
-10 3.335 640
-12 1.112 650
+11 8.987 554
-12 1.112 650
+11 8.987 554
+03 1.609 344
+02 2.997 925
+00 1.00
+04 1.00
-04 1.00
-05 1.478 676
-06 4.928 921
-02 2.916 666
+03 1.016 046
+03 1.00
+09 4.20
+00 2.831 684
+02 9.071 847
+03 1.00
+02 1.333 22
+07 9.323 957
-07 1.256 637
+00 1.000 330
+00 1.000 165
-01 9.144
+07 3.1536
+07 3.155 815
+07 3.155 692
+07 3.155 692
second
+07 3.155 692
COnVERSIOn FACTORS
TABLE 1-10 Temperature Conversion Formulas
°F = (°C × 5/9) + 32
°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9
°R = °F + 459.67
K = °C + 273.15
K = °R × 5/9
TABLE 1-13 Values of the Ideal Gas Constant
Temp.
scale
Temperature difference ΔT:
°F = °C × 9/5
atm
atm
mmHg
bar
kg/cm2
atm
mmHg
TABLE 1-11 Density Conversion Formulas
lb
gal
T,P
lb
ft 3
T,P
= sp gr
= sp gr
T,P
T,P
Pressure
units
Volume
units
Kelvin
Bé = 145 − 145 (heavier than H O)
2
sp gr
Tw = sp gr 60 /60 F − 1
0.005
API = 141.5 − 131.5
sp gr
Bé = 140 − 130 (lighter than H O)
2
sp gr
cm3
liters
liters
liters
liters
ft3
ft3
Rankine
atm
in Hg
mmHg
lb/in2 abs
lb/ft2 abs
× 8.345406
× 62.42797
ft3
ft3
ft3
ft3
ft3
Kinematic Viscosity Conversion Formulas
Viscosity scale
Saybolt Universal
Saybolt Furol
Redwood No. 1
Range of t, s
Kinematic viscosity, stokes*
32 < t < 100
t > 100
25 < t < 40
t > 40
34 < t < 100
t > 100
0.00226t - 1.95/t
0.00220t - 1.35/t
0.0224t - 1.84/t
0.0216t - 0.60/t
0.00260t - 1.79/t
0.00247t - 0.50/t
0.027t - 20/t
0.00147t - 3.74/t
Redwood Admiralty
Engler
*1 stoke (St) = 1 cm2/s = 10-4 m2/s
R
Energy /
(Weight ⋅ Temp)
Weight
units
Energy
units*
g mol
g mol
g mol
g mol
g mol
g mol
g mol
g mol
lb mol
lb mol
lb mol
calories
joules (abs)
joules (int)
atm ⋅ cm3
atm ⋅ liters
mmHg ⋅ liters
bar ⋅ liters
kg/(cm2)(liters)
atm ⋅ ft3
mmHg ⋅ ft3
chu or pcu
1.9872
8.3144
8.3130
82.057
0.08205
62.361
0.08314
0.08478
1.314
998.9
1.9872
lb mol
lb mol
lb mol
lb mol
lb mol
lb mol
lb mol
lb mol
Btu
hph
kWh
atm ⋅ ft3
in Hg ⋅ ft3
mmHg ⋅ ft3
(lb)( ft3)/in2
ft ⋅ lbf
1.9872
0.0007805
0.0005819
0.7302
21.85
555.0
10.73
1545.0
*Energy units are the product of pressure units and volume units.
TABLE 1-12
1-17
1-18
UnIT COnVERSIOn FACTORS AnD SYMBOLS
TABLE 1-14 Fundamental Physical Constants
1 sec = 1.00273791 sidereal seconds
g0 = 9.80665 m/s2
1 liter = 0.001 cu m
1 atm = 101,325 newtons/sq m
1 mmHg (pressure) = (1⁄760) atm
= 133.3224 newtons/sq m
1 int ohm = 1.000495 ± 0.000015 abs ohm
1 int amp = 0.999835 ± 0.000025 abs amp
1 int coul = 0.999835 ± 0.000025 abs coul
1 int volt = 1.000330 ± 0.000029 abs volt
1 int watt = 1.000165 ± 0.000052 abs watt
1 int joule = 1.000165 ± 0.000052 abs joule
T0°C = 273.150 ± 0.010 K
(PV)0°CP=0 = (RT)0°C = 2271.16 ± 0.04 abs joule/mole
= 22,414.6 ± 0.4 cu cm atm/mole
= 22.4146 ± 0.0004 liter atm/mole
R = 8.31439 ± 0.00034 abs joule/deg mole
= 1.98719 ± 0.00013 cal/deg mole
= 82.0567 ± 0.0034 cu cm atm/deg mole
= 0.0820567 ± 0.0000034 liter atm/deg mole
ln 10 = 2.302585
R ln 10 = 19.14460 ± 0.00078 abs joule/deg mole
= 4.57567 ± 0.00030 cal/deg mole
N = (6.02283 ± 0.0022) × 1023/mole
h = (6.6242 ± 0.0044) × 10-34 joule s
c = (2.99776 ± 0.00008) × 108 m/s
(h2/8 π2k) = (4.0258 ± 0.0037) × 10-39 g sq cm deg
(h/8 π2c) = (2.7986 ± 0.0018) × 10-39 g cm
Z = Nhc = 11.9600 ± 0.0036 abs joule cm/mole
= 2.85851 ± 0.0009 cal cm/mole
Z/R = hc/k = c2 = 1.43847 ± 0.00045 cm deg
f = 96,501.2 ± 10.0 int coul/g-equiv or int joule/int volt g-equiv
= 96,485.3 ± 10.0 abs coul/g-equiv or abs joule/abs volt g-equiv
= 23,068.1 ± 2.4 cal/int volt g-equiv
= 23,060.5 ± 2.4 cal/abs volt g-equiv
e = (1.60199 ± 0.00060) × 10-19 abs coul
= (1.60199 ± 0.00060) × 10-20 abs emu
= (4.80239 ± 0.00180) × 10-10 abs esu
1 int electron-volt/molecule = 96,501.2 ± 10 int joule/mole
= 23,068.1 ± 2.4 cal/mole
1 abs electron-volt/molecule = 96,485.3 ± 10. abs joule/mole
= 23,060.5 ± 2.4 cal/mole
1 int electron-volt = (1.60252 ± 0.00060) × 10-12 erg
1 abs electron-volt = (1.60199 ± 0.00060) × 10-12 erg
hc = (1.23916 ± 0.00032) × 10-4 int electron-volt cm
= (1.23957 ± 0.00032) × 10-4 abs electron-volt cm
k = (8.61442 ± 0.00100) × 10-5 int electron-volt/deg
= (8.61727 ± 0.00100) × 10-5 abs electron-volt/deg
= R/N = (1.38048 ± 0.00050) × 10-23 joule/deg
1 IT cal = (1⁄860) = 0.00116279 int watt-h
= 4.18605 int joule
= 4.18674 abs joule
= 1.000654 cal
1 cal = 4.1840 abs joule
= 4.1833 int joule
= 41.2929 ± 0.0020 cu cm atm
= 0.0412929 ± 0.0000020 liter atm
1 IT cal/g = 1.8 Btu/lb
1 Btu = 251.996 IT cal
= 0.293018 int watt-h
= 1054.866 int joule
= 1055.040 abs joule
= 252.161 cal
1 horsepower = 550 ft-lbf (wt)/s
= 745.578 int watt
= 745.70 abs watt
1 in = (1/0.3937) = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 0.304800610 m
1 lb = 453.5924277 g
1 gal = 231 cu in
= 0.133680555 cu ft
= 3.785412 × 10-3 cu m
= 3.785412 liter
sec = mean solar second
Definition: g0 = standard gravity
Definition: atm = standard atmosphere
mmHg (pressure) = standard millimeter mercury
int = international; abs = absolute
amp = ampere
coul = coulomb
Absolute temperature of the ice point, 0°C
PV = product for ideal gas at 0°C
R = gas constant per mole
ln = natural logarithm (base e)
N = Avogadro number
h = Planck constant
c = velocity of light
Constant in rotational partition function of gases
Constant relating wave number and moment of inertia
Z = constant relating wave number and energy per mole
c2 = second radiation constant
ℱ = Faraday constant
e = electronic charge
emu = electromagnetic unit of charge
esu = electrostatic unit of charge
Constant relating wave number and energy per molecule
k = Boltzmann constant
Definition of IT cal: IT = International steam tables
cal = thermochemical calorie
Definition: cal = thermochemical calorie
Definition of Btu: Btu = IT British thermal unit
cal = thermochemical calorie
Definition of horsepower (mechanical): lb (wt) = weight of 1 lb
at standard gravity
Definition of inch: in = U.S. inch
ft = U.S. foot (1 ft = 12 in)
Definition: lb = avoirdupois pound
Definition: gal = U.S. gallon
Section 2
Physical and Chemical Data
Marylee Z. Southard, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Kansas; Senior Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Society for Engineering
Education (Section Coeditor, Physical and Chemical Data)
Richard L. Rowley, Ph.D. Department of Chemical Engineering, Emeritus, Brigham Young University
(Section Coeditor, Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties)
W. Vincent Wilding, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University; Fellow,
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Section Coeditor, Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties)
GEnERAL REFEREnCES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTAnCES
Tables
2-1
2-2
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds . . . . .
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-5
2-26
VAPOR PRESSURES
Tables
2-3 Vapor Pressure of Water Ice from 0 to −40°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-4 Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Liquid Water from 0 to −40°C . . . . . . .
Vapor Pressures of Pure Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-5 Vapor Pressure (MPa) of Liquid Water from 0 to 100°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-22, 2-32, 2-69, 2-72, 2-74, 2-75, 2-95, 2-106,
2-139, 2-140, 2-146, and 2-148 Sorted by Chemical Family . . . . . . . . . . .
2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-22, 2-32, 2-69, 2-72,
2-74, 2-75, 2-95, 2-106, 2-139, 2-140, 2-146, and 2-148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-8 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids,
ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa, T in K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIOnS
Tables
2-11 Partial Pressures of Water over Aqueous Solutions of HCl . . . . . . . . . . .
Vapor Pressures of H3PO4 Aqueous: Partial Pressure of
H2O Vapor (Fig. 2-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-12 Water Partial Pressure, Bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions . . .
2-13 Partial Vapor Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide over Water, mmHg . . . . . . . . .
2-14 Partial Pressures of HNO3 and H2O over Aqueous
Solutions of HNO3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-15 Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions
of CH3COOH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-16 Partial Pressure of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia) . . . . . . . .
2-17 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of Sodium
Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-46
2-46
2-46
2-46
2-46
2-46
2-47
2-50
2-53
2-59
2-63
2-78
2-78
2-79
2-80
2-80
2-81
2-82
2-83
2-18 Partial Pressures of H2O and CH3OH over Aqueous Solutions of
Methyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-19 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of Sodium
Hydroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water Vapor Content in Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water Content in Air at Pressures over Atmospheric (Fig. 2-2) . . . . . . .
SOLUBILITIES
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-20 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various
Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-21 Solubility as a Function of Temperature and Henry’s Constant
at 25°C for Gases in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-22 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water at 25°C . . . . . . .
2-23 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water at 25°C
from Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-24 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-25 Ammonia-Water at 10 and 20°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-26 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-27 Chlorine (Cl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-28 Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-29 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-30 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEnSITIES
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References and Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Densities of Pure Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-31 Density (kg/m3) of Saturated Liquid Water from the Triple Point
to the Critical Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-32 Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-83
2-83
2-84
2-84
2-84
2-84
2-85
2-89
2-89
2-90
2-90
2-90
2-90
2-91
2-91
2-91
2-91
2-92
2-92
2-92
2-92
2-93
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS InORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS AT 1 ATM
Tables
2-33 Ammonia (NH3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-100
2-34 Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-100
2-1
2-2
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
2-35 Calcium Chloride (CaCl2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-36 Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-37 Ferric Sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-38 Ferric Nitrate [Fe(NO3)3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-39 Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-40 Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-41 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-42 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-43 Nitric Acid (HNO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-44 Perchloric Acid (HClO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-45 Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-46 Potassium Bicarbonate (KHCO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-47 Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-48 Potassium Chloride (KCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-49 Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-50 Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-51 Sodium Acetate (NaC2H3O2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-52 Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-53 Sodium Chloride (NaCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-54 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-55 Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Densities of Aqueous Organic Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-56 Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-57 Methyl Alcohol (CH3OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-58 Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-59 n-Propyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-60 Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-61 Glycerol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-62 Hydrazine (N2H4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-63 Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous
Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEnSITIES OF MISCELLAnEOUS MATERIALS
Tables
2-64 Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of Miscellaneous
Solids and Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-65 Density (kg/m3) of Selected Elements as a Function of
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LATEnT HEATS
.......................................................
Unit Conversions
Tables
2-66 Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and
Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-67 Heats of Fusion of Miscellaneous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-68 Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-69 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids
(J/kmol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPECIFIC HEATS
Specific Heats of Pure Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . .
2-71 Specific Heat [kJ/(kg ⋅ K)] of Selected Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-72 Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmol ⋅ K)] . . . . .
2-73 Specific Heats of Organic Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-74 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic
Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to a Polynomial
Cp [J/(kmol ⋅ K)]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-75 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic
Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions
Cp [J/(kmol ⋅ K)]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-76 Cp/Cv : Ratios of Specific Heats of Gases at 1 atm Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . .
Specific Heats of Aqueous Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-77 Acetic Acid (at 38°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-78 Ammonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-79 Ethyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-80 Glycerol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-81 Hydrochloric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-82 Methyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-83 Nitric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-84 Phosphoric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-85 Potassium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-86 Potassium Hydroxide (at 19°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-87 Normal Propyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-88 Sodium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-89 Sodium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-90 Sodium Hydroxide (at 20°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-91 Sulfuric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-92 Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids and Solids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-93 Oils (Animal, Vegetable, Mineral Oils) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-100
2-100
2-100
2-100
2-100
2-100
2-100
2-100
2-101
2-102
2-102
2-102
2-102
2-103
2-103
2-103
2-103
2-103
2-103
2-103
2-104
2-106
2-106
2-107
2-108
2-109
2-109
2-110
2-110
2-111
2-113
2-114
2-114
2-115
2-117
2-118
2-120
2-128
2-128
2-128
2-128
2-136
2-137
2-144
2-147
2-149
2-156
2-156
2-156
2-156
2-156
2-156
2-156
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-157
2-158
2-158
2-158
PROPERTIES OF FORMATIOn AnD COMBUSTIOn REACTIOnS
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-158
Tables
2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds . . . . . 2-159
2-95 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and
Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic
Compounds at 298.15 K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-167
2-96 Ideal Gas Sensible Enthalpies, hT – h298 (kJ/kmol),
of Combustion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-174
2-97 Ideal Gas Entropies s°, kJ/(kmol ⋅ K), of Combustion Products . . . . . . . 2-175
HEATS OF SOLUTIOn
Tables
2-98 Heats of Solution of Inorganic Compounds in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-99 Heats of Solution of Organic Compounds in Water (at Infinite
Dilution and Approximately Room Temperature) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THERMAL EXPAnSIOn AnD COMPRESSIBILITY
Unit Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Expansion of Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-100 Linear Expansion of the Solid Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-101 Linear Expansion of Miscellaneous Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-102 Volume Expansion of Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-103 Volume Expansion of Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gas Expansion: Joule-Thomson Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-104 Additional References Available for the Joule-Thomson
Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-105 Approximate Inversion-Curve Locus in Reduced Coordinates
(Tr = T/Tc ; Pr = P/Pc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Critical Constants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-106 Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and
Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compressibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-107 Compressibilities of Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-108 Compressibilities of Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THERMODYnAMIC PROPERTIES
Explanation of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-109 Thermodynamic Properties of Acetone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-110 Thermodynamic Properties of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Dry Air (Fig. 2-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-111 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air, Moist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-112 Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-113 Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-114 Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Monoxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature-Entropy Diagram for Carbon Monoxide (Fig. 2-4) . . . .
2-115 Thermodynamic Properties of Ethanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Ethyl Alcohol
(Fig. 2-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-116 Thermodynamic Properties of Normal Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-117 Saturated Hydrogen Peroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-118 Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen Sulfide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Hydrogen Chloride
at 1 atm (Fig. 2-6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-119 Thermodynamic Properties of Methane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-120 Thermodynamic Properties of Methanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-121 Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Nitrogen (Fig. 2-7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-122 Thermodynamic Properties of Oxygen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Oxygen (Fig. 2-8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Oxygen-Nitrogen Mixture
at 1 atm (Fig. 2-9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
K Values (K = y/x) in Light-Hydrocarbon Systems (Fig. 2-10) . . . . . . .
2-123 Composition of Selected Refrigerant Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-124 Thermodynamic Properties of R-22, Chlorodifluoromethane . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22. (Fig. 2-11) . . . . . . . . . .
2-125 Thermodynamic Properties of R-32, Difluoromethane . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 32. (Fig. 2-12) . . . . . . . . . .
2-126 Thermodynamic Properties of R-125, Pentafluoroethane. . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 125 (Fig. 2-13) . . . . . . . . .
2-127 Thermodynamic Properties of R-134a, 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 134a. (Fig. 2-14). . . . . . . .
2-176
2-178
2-179
2-179
2-179
2-179
2-180
2-181
2-181
2-182
2-182
2-182
2-182
2-182
2-182
2-182
2-183
2-190
2-190
2-190
2-190
2-190
2-191
2-191
2-191
2-191
2-192
2-194
2-198
2-199
2-199
2-200
2-202
2-204
2-206
2-207
2-209
2-210
2-212
2-213
2-215
2-216
2-218
2-220
2-222
2-223
2-225
2-226
2-226
2-227
2-228
2-230
2-231
2-233
2-234
2-236
2-237
2-239
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
2-128 Thermodynamic Properties of R-143a, 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane . . . . . . .
2-129 Thermodynamic Properties of R-404A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-130 Thermodynamic Properties of R-407C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 407C (Fig. 2-15) . . . . . . . .
2-131 Thermodynamic Properties of R-410A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-132 Opteon YF (R-1234yf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234yf (Fig. 2-16) . . . . . .
2-133 Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Seawater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide
at 1 atm (Fig. 2-17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Sulfuric Acid
at 1 atm (Fig. 2-18) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-134 Saturated Solid/Vapor Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-135 Thermodynamic Properties of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-136 Thermodynamic Properties of Water Substance along
the Melting Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRAnSPORT PROPERTIES
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mass Transport Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-137 Surface Tension σ (dyn/cm) of Various Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-138 Vapor Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Substances (Pa∙s) . . . . . . . .
2-139 Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (Pa∙s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-140 Viscosities of Liquids: Coordinates for Use with Fig . 2-19 . . . . . . . . . . .
Nomograph for Viscosities of Liquids at 1 atm (Fig . 2-19) . . . . . . . . .
2-141 Diffusivities of Pairs of Gases and Vapors (1 atm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-142 Diffusivities in Liquids (25°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Transport Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-143 Transport Properties of Selected Gases at Atmospheric Pressure . . .
2-144 Prandtl Number of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-145 Vapor Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic
Substances [W/(m ⋅ K)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-146 Thermophysical Properties of Miscellaneous Saturated Liquids . . . .
2-147 Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids
[W/(m ⋅ K)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-148 Nomograph for Thermal Conductivity of Organic Liquids
(Fig . 2-20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-149 Thermal-Conductivity-Temperature Table for Metals
and Nonmetals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-150 Thermal Conductivity of Chromium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-151 Thermal Conductivity of Some Alloys at High Temperature . . . . . . . .
2-152 Thermophysical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic
Solid Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-153 Lower and Upper Flammability Limits, Flash Points, and
Autoignition Temperatures for Selected Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . .
PREDICTIOn AnD CORRELATIOn OF
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prediction Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classification of Estimation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theory and Empirical Extension of Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corresponding States (CS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group Contributions (GCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computational Chemistry (CC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Empirical QSPR Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Molecular Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Critical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-154 Ambrose Group Contributions for Critical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-155 Group Contributions for the Nannoolal et al . Method for
Critical Constants and Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-156 Intermolecular Interaction Corrections for the Nannoolal et al .
Method for Critical Constants and Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . .
2-157 Wilson-Jasperson First- and Second-Order Contributions
for Critical Temperature and Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Normal Melting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-158 First-Order Groups and Their Contributions for Melting Point . . . . .
2-159 Second-Order Groups and Their Contributions for Melting Point . . .
Characterizing and Correlating Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acentric Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radius of Gyration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dipole Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-240
2-242
2-244
2-246
2-247
2-249
2-258
2-259
2-260
2-260
2-261
2-262
2-265
2-266
2-266
2-266
2-266
2-266
2-267
2-274
2-281
2-282
2-283
2-285
2-288
2-288
2-288
2-289
2-296
2-298
2-305
2-306
2-307
2-307
2-307
2-308
2-311
2-311
2-311
2-314
2-314
2-314
2-314
2-315
2-315
2-315
2-315
2-315
2-315
2-315
2-315
2-317
2-318
2-320
2-321
2-321
2-321
2-322
2-322
2-323
2-323
2-324
2-324
Refractive Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dielectric Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-160 Wildman-Crippen Contributions for Refractive Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy of Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-161 Domalski-Hearing Group Contribution Values for Standard
State Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gibbs Energy of Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Latent Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy of Vaporization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy of Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-162 Cs (C—H) Group Values for Chickos Estimation of ∆Hfus . . . . . . . . . . .
2-163 Ct (Functional) Group Values for Chickos Estimation of ∆H fus . . . . . .
Enthalpy of Sublimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-164 Group Contributions and Corrections for ∆Hsub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-165 Benson and CHETAH Group Contributions for Ideal
Gas Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-166 Liquid Heat Capacity Group Parameters for Ruzicka-Domalski
Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-167 Group Values and Nonlinear Correction Terms for Estimation
of Solid Heat Capacity with the Goodman et al . Method . . . . . . . . . . .
2-168 Element Contributions to Solid Heat Capacity for the
Modified Kopp’s Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-169 Simple Fluid Compressibility Factors Z (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-170 Acentric Deviations Z (1) from the Simple Fluid Compressibility
Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-171 Constants for the Two Reference Fluids Used in Lee-Kesler Method . . .
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-172 Relationships for Eq . (2-70) for Common Cubic EoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-173 Reichenberg Group Contribution Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-174 Group Contributions for the Hsu et al . Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-175 UNIFAC-VISCO Group Interaction Parameters αmn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-176 Correlation Parameters for Baroncini et al . Method for
Estimation of Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pure Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-177 Knotts Group Contributions for the Parachor in Estimating
Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flammability Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flash Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flammability Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-178 Group Contributions for Quantities Used to Estimate
Flammability Limits By Rowley et al . Method for Organic
Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-179 Ideal Gas Enthalpies of Formation and Average Heat Capacities
of Combustion Gases for Use in Eq . (2-125) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Autoignition Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-180 Group Contributions for Pintar Autoignition Temperature
Method for Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-3
2-324
2-325
2-325
2-326
2-326
2-327
2-327
2-327
2-328
2-334
2-334
2-334
2-334
2-335
2-336
2-336
2-336
2-337
2-337
2-337
2-338
2-339
2-343
2-344
2-345
2-345
2-345
2-345
2-345
2-347
2-348
2-349
2-349
2-349
2-350
2-350
2-351
2-351
2-351
2-352
2-353
2-354
2-354
2-355
2-356
2-356
2-357
2-357
2-358
2-358
2-358
2-359
2-360
2-360
2-360
2-361
2-361
2-361
2-362
GEnERAL REFEREnCES
Considerations of reader interest, space availability, the system or systems of units
employed, copyright issues, etc., have all influenced the revision of material in previous
editions for the present edition. Reference is made at numerous places to various specialized works and, when appropriate, to more general works. A listing of general works may
be useful to readers in need of further information.
ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, SI edition, ASHRAE, Atlanta, 2005;
Benedek, P., and F. Olti, Computer-Aided Chemical Thermodynamics of Gases
and Liquids, Wiley, New York, 1985; Brule, M. R., L. L. Lee, and K. E. Starling,
Chem. Eng., 86, 25, Nov. 19, 1979, pp. 155–164; Cox, J. D., and G. Pilcher, Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press,
New York, 1970; Cox, J. D., D. D. Wagman, and V. A. Medvedev, CODATA Key
Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989;
Daubert, T. E., R. P. Danner, H. M. Sibel, and C. C. Stebbins, Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation, Taylor & Francis,
Washington, 1997; Domalski, E. S., and E. D. Hearing, Heat capacities and
entropies of organic compounds in the condensed phase, vol. 3, J. Phys.
Chem. Ref. Data 25(1):1–525, Jan-Feb 1996; Dykyj, J., and M. Repas, Saturated
vapor pressures of organic compounds, Veda, Bratislava, 1979 (Slovak);
Dykyj, J., M. Repas, and J. Svoboda, Saturated vapor pressures of organic
compounds, Veda, Bratislava, 1984 (Slovak); Glushko, V. P., ed., Thermal
Constants of Compounds, Issues I–X, Moscow, 1965–1982 (Russian only);
Gmehling, J., Azeotropic Data, 2 vols., VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1994;
Gmehling, J., and U. Onken, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection,
Dechema Chemistry Data Series, Frankfurt, 1977–1978; International Data
Series, Selected Data on Mixtures, Series A: Thermodynamics Research
Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.;
Kaye, S. M., Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items, U.S. Army R&D command, Dover, N.J., 1980; King, M. B., Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures, Pergamon,
Oxford, 1969; Landolt-Boernstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology (New Series), http://www.springeronline
.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,4-10113-2-95859-0,00.html; Lide, D. R.,
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton,
Fla., 2005; Lyman, W. J., W. F. Reehl, and D. H. Rosenblatt, Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990; Majer, V.,
and V. Svoboda, Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical
Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Science, 1985; Majer V., V. Svoboda,
and J. Pick, Heats of Vaporization of Fluids, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989 (general discussion); Marsh, K. N., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Science, 1987; NIST-IUPAC
Solubility Data Series, Pergamon Press, http://www.iupac.org/publications/
ci/1999/march/solubility.html; Ohse, R. W., and H. von Tippelskirch, High
Temp.—High Press., 9:367–385, 1977; Ohse, R. W., Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals, Blackwell Science Pubs.,
Oxford, England, 1985; Pedley, J. B., R. D. Naylor, and S. P. Kirby, Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986; Physical Property Data for the Design Engineer, Hemisphere, New York, 1989;
Poling, B. E., J. M. Prausnitz, and J. P. O’Connell, The Properties of Gases and
2-4
Liquids, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001; Rothman, D., et al., Max
Planck Inst. f. Stromungsforschung, Ber 6, 1978; Smith, B. D., and R. Srivastava,
Thermodynamic Data for Pure Compounds, Part A: Hydrocarbons and
Ketones, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986, Physical sciences data 25, http://www
.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookseriesdescription.librarians/BS_PSD/description; Sterbacek, Z., B. Biskup, and P. Tausk, Calculation of Properties Using
Corresponding States Methods, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979; Stull, D. R., E. F.
Westrum, and G. C. Sink, The Chemical Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1969; TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Hydrocarbons,
Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Boulder, Colo.; TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Non-Hydrocarbons,
Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Boulder, Colo.; Young, D. A., “Phase Diagrams of the Elements,”
UCRL Rep. 51902, 1975 republished in expanded form by the University of
California Press, 1991; Zabransky, M., V. Ruzicka, Jr., V. Majer, and E. S. Domalski,
Heat Capacity of Liquids: Critical Review and Recommended Values, J. Phys.
Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph No. 6, 1996.
Critical Data Sources
Ambrose, D., “Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties,” N. P. L. Teddington, Middlesex, Rep. 107, 1980; Kudchaker, A. P., G. H. Alani, and B. J. Zwolinski, Chem.
Revs. 68: 659–735, 1968; Matthews, J. F., Chem. Revs. 72: 71–100, 1972;
Simmrock, K., R. Janowsky, and A. Ohnsorge, Critical Data of Pure Substances, Parts 1 and 2, Dechema Chemistry Data Series, 1986. Other recent
references for critical data can be found in Lide, D. R., CRC Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2005.
Publications on Thermochemistry
Pedley, J. B., Thermochemical Data and Structures of Organic Compounds, 1,
Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M Univ., 1994 (976 pp., 3000
cpds.); Frenkel, M., et al., Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the
Gas State, 2 vols., Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M Univ.,
1994 (1825 pp., 2000 cpds.); Barin, I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, 2nd ed., 2 vols., VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1993 (1834 pp., 2400
substances); Gurvich, L. V., et al., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual
Substances, 4th ed., 3 vols., Hemisphere, New York, 1989, 1990, and 1993
(2520 pp.); Lide, D. R., and G. W. A. Milne, Handbook of Data on Organic
Compounds, 3rd ed., 7 vols., Chemical Rubber, Miami, 1993 (7000 pp.);
Daubert, T. E., et al., Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation, extant 1995, Taylor & Francis, Bristol, Pa., 1995;
Database 11, NIST, Gaithersburg, Md. U.S. Bureau of Mines publications
include Bulletins 584, 1960 (232 pp.); 592, 1961 (149 pp.); 595, 1961 (68 pp.);
654, 1970 (26 pp.); Chase, M. W., et al., JANAF Thermochemical Tables,
3d ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14 suppl. 1, 1986 (1896 pp.); Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data is available online at http://listserv.nd
.edu/cgi-bin/wa?×A2=ind0501&L=pamnet&F=&S=&P=8490 and at http://
www.nist.gov/srd/reprints.htm
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTAnCES
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds*
Abbreviations Used in the Table
a., acid
A., specific gravity with reference
to air = 1
abs., absolute
ac., acetic acid
act., acetone
al., 95 percent ethyl alcohol
alk, alkali (i.e., aq. NaOH or KOH)
am., amyl (C5H11)
amor., amorphous
anh., anhydrous
aq., aqueous or water
aq. reg., aqua regia
atm., atmosphere or 760 mm. of
mercury pressure
bk., black
brn., brown
bz., benzene
c., cold
cb., cubic
cc, cubic centimeter
chl., chloroform
col., colorless or white
conc., concentrated
cr., crystals or crystalline
d., decomposes
D., specific gravity with reference
to hydrogen = 1
hyg., hygroscopic
i., insoluble
ign., ignites
lq., liquid
lt., light
m. al., methyl alcohol
mn., monoclinic
nd., needles
NH3, liquid ammonia
NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide
solution
oct., octahedral
or., orange
pd., powder
d. 50, decomposes at 50°C; 50 d.,
melts at 50°C with
decomposition
delq., deliquescent
dil., dilute
dk., dark
eff., effloresces or efflorescent
et., ethyl ether
expl., explodes
gel., gelatinous
gly., glycerol (glycerin)
gn., green
h., hot
hex., hexagonal
Formula weights are based upon the International Atomic Weights in “Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001,”
Pure Appl. Chem., 75, 1107, 2003, and are computed to the nearest hundredth .
Refractive index, where given for a uniaxial crystal, is for the ordinary (ω) ray; where given for a biaxial crystal, the index given is for the median (β) value . Unless otherwise specified, the index is given for the sodium D-line
(λ = 589 .3 µm) .
Specific gravity values are given at room temperatures (15 to 20°C) unless otherwise indicated by the small
figures which follow the value: thus, 5.6 184° indicates a specific gravity of 5 .6 for the substance at 18°C referred to
water at 4°C . In this table the values for the specific gravity of gases are given with reference to air (A) = 1, or
hydrogen (D) = 1 .
Melting point is recorded in a certain case as 82 d . and in some other case as d . 82, the distinction being made
in this manner to indicate that the former is a melting point with decomposition at 82°C, while in the latter
decomposition only occurs at 82°C . Where a value such as −2H2O, 82 is given, it indicates loss of 2 moles of water
per formula weight of the compound at a temperature of 82°C .
Boiling point is given at atmospheric pressure (760 mm of mercury) unless otherwise indicated; thus,
8215 mm indicates the boiling point is 82°C when the pressure is 15 mm .
Name
Aluminum
acetate, normal
acetate, basic
bromide
bromide
carbide
chloride
Formula
Al
Al(C2H3O2)3
Al(OH)(C2H3O2)2
AlBr3
AlBr3⋅6H2O
Al4C3
AlCl3
Formula
weight
26 .98
204 .11
162 .08
266 .69
374 .78
143 .96
133 .34
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
silv ., cb .
wh . pd .
wh ., amor .
trig .
col ., delq . cr .
yel ., hex ., 2 .70
wh ., delq ., hex .
Specific
gravity
2 .7020°
3 .01 254°
2 .95
2 .44
25 °
4
pl., plates
pr., prisms or prismatic
pyr., pyridine
rhb., rhombic (orthorhombic)
s., soluble
satd., saturated
sl., slightly
soln., solution
subl., sublimes
sulf., sulfides
tart. a., tartaric acid
tet., tetragonal
tr., transition
tri., triclinic
trig., trigonal
v., very
vac., in vacuo
vl., violet
volt., volatile or volatilizes
wh., white
yel., yellow
∞, soluble in all proportions
<, less than
>, greater than
42±, about or near 42
−3H2O, 100, loses 3 moles of water
per formula weight at 100°C
Solubility is given in parts by weight (of the formula shown at the extreme left) per 100 parts by weight of the
solvent; the small superscript indicates the temperature . In the case of gases the solubility is often expressed in
some manner as 510° cc which indicates that at 10°C, 5 cc of the gas are soluble in 100 g of the solvent . The symbols
of the common mineral acids: H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, etc ., represent dilute aqueous solutions of these acids . See also
special tables on Solubility .
references: The information given in this table has been collected mainly from the following sources: Mellor,
A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Longmans, New York, 1922 . Abegg, Handbuch der
anorganischen Chemie, S . Hirzel, Leipzig, 1905 . Gmelin-Kraut, Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, 7th ed ., Carl
Winter, Heidelberg; 8th ed ., Verlag Chemie, Berlin, 1924 . Friend, Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Griffin, London,
1914 . Winchell, Microscopic Character of Artificial Inorganic Solid Substances or Artificial Minerals, Wiley, New York,
1931 . International Critical Tables, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1926 . Tables annuelles internationales de constants et
donnes numeriques, McGraw-Hill, New York . Annual Tables of Physical Constants and Numerical Data, National
Research Council, Princeton, N .J ., 1943 . Comey and Hahn, A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities, Macmillan,
New York, 1921 . Seidell, Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal Organic Compounds, Van Nostrand, New York, 1940 .
Melting
point, °C
660
d . 200
d .
97 .5
d . 100
d . >2200
1945 .2atm .
Boiling
point, °C
2056
268
752mm
182 .7
;
subl . 178
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
i .
s .
i .
s .
s .
d . to CH4
69 .8715°
chloride
AlCl3⋅6H2O
col ., delq ., trig ., 1 .560
400
241 .43
fluoride (fluellite)
AlF3⋅H2O
col ., rhb ., 1 .490
2 .17
d .
sl . s .
101 .99
fluoride
Al2F6⋅7H2O
wh ., cr . pd .
−4H2O, 120
−6H2O, 250
i .
294 .06
hydroxide
Al(OH)3
wh ., mn .
2 .42
−2H2O, 300
0 .00010418°
78 .00
nitrate
Al(NO3)3⋅9H2O
rhb ., delq .
73
d . 134
v . s .
375 .13
4atm .
25 °
nitride
Al2N2
yel ., hex .
3 .05 4
2150
d . >1400
d . slowly
81 .98
oxide
Al2O3
col ., hex ., 1 .67–8
3 .99
1999 to 2032
i .
101 .96
oxide (corundum)
Al2O3
wh ., trig ., 1 .768
4 .00
1999 to 2032
2210
i .
101 .96
phosphate
AlPO4
col ., hex .
2 .59
i .
121 .95
∗By N . A . Lange, Ph .D ., Handbook Publishers, Inc ., Sandusky, Ohio . Abridged from table of Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry.
Hot water
i .
d .
Other reagents
s . HCl, H2SO4, alk .
s . d .
s .a .; i . NH4 salts
s .al ., act ., CS2
s . al ., CS2
s . a .; i . act .
s . et ., chl ., CCl4; i . bz .
v . s .
50 al .; s . et .
s .
sl . s .
i .
v . s . d .
i .
i .
i .
s . a ., alk .; i . a .
s . al ., CS2
s . alk . d .
v . sl . s . a ., alk .
v . sl . s . a ., alk .
s . a ., alk .; i . ac .
(Continued )
2-5
2-6
TABLE 2-1 Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Aluminum (Cont.)
potassium silicate (muscovite)
potassium silicate (orthoclase)
Aluminum potassium tartrate
sodium fluoride (cryolite)
sodium silicate
sulfate
Alum, ammonium (tschermigite)
ammonium chrome
Formula
Formula
weight
3Al2O3⋅K2O⋅6SiO2⋅2H2O
Al2O3⋅K2O⋅6SiO2
AlK(C4H4O6)2
AlF3⋅3NaF
Al2O3⋅Na2O⋅6SiO2
Al2(SO4)3
Al2(SO4)3⋅(NH4)2SO4⋅
24H2O
Cr2(SO4)3⋅(NH4)2SO4⋅
24H2O
Fe2(SO4)3⋅(NH4)2SO4⋅
24H2O
Al2(SO4)3⋅K2SO4⋅24H2O
Cr2(SO4)3⋅K2SO4⋅24H2O
Al2(SO4)3⋅Na2SO4⋅24H2O
NH3
796 .61
556 .66
362 .22
209 .94
524 .44
342 .15
906 .66
956 .69
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
mn., 1.590
col., mn., 1.524
col.
wh., mn., 1.3389
col., tri., 1.529
wh. cr.
col., oct., 1.4594
gn . or vl ., oct ., 1 .4842
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
2.9
2.56
d.
1450 (1150)
2.90
2.61
2.71
1.64 204°
1000
1100
d. 770
93.5
1 .72
Boiling
point, °C
−20H2O, 120;
−24H2O, 200
100 d .
vl ., oct ., 1 .485
1 .71
40
948 .78
998 .81
916 .56
17 .03
col ., mn ., 1 .4564
red or gn ., cb ., 1 .4814
col ., oct ., 1 .4388
col . gas, 1 .325 (lq .)
92
89
61
−77 .7
−18H2O, 64 .5
77 .08
337 .09
79 .06
97 .94
114 .10
157 .13
wh ., hyg . cr .
pl .
mn . or rhb ., 1 .5358
col ., cb ., 1 .7108
col . pl .
wh . cr .
114
d . 200
d . 35–60
subl . 542
d . 58
subl .
d .
272 .21
wh .
chloride (salammoniac)
chloroplatinate
chloroplatinite
chlorostannate
chromate
cyanide
dichromate
ferrocyanide
fluoride
fluoride, acid
formate
NH4C2H3O2
NH4CN⋅Au(CN)3⋅H2O
NH4HCO3
NH4Br
(NH4)2CO3⋅H2O
NH4HCO3⋅
NH2CO2NH4‡
(NH4)2CO3⋅
2NH4HCO3⋅H2O
NH4Cl
(NH4)2PtCl6
(NH4)2PtCl4
(NH4)2SnCl6
(NH4)2CrO4
NH4CN
(NH4)2Cr2O7
(NH4)4Fe(CN)6⋅6H2O
NH4F
NH4F⋅HF
HCO2NH4
1 .76 264°
1 .83
1 .675 204°
0 .817−79°
0 .5971 (A)
1 .073
53 .49
443 .87
372 .97
367 .50
152 .07
44 .06
252 .06
392 .19
37 .04
57 .04
63 .06
wh ., cb ., 1 .639, 1 .6426
yel ., cb .
tet .
pink ., cb .
yel ., mn .
col ., cb .
or ., mn .
mn .
wh ., hex .
wh ., rhb ., 1 .390
col ., mn ., delq .
hydrosulfide
hydroxide
molybdate
molybdate, heptanitrate (α), stable −16° to 32°
nitrate (β), stable 32° to 84°
NH4HS
NH4OH
(NH4)2MoO4
(NH4)6Mo7O24⋅4H2O‡
NH4NO3
NH4NO3
51 .11
35 .05
196 .01
1235 .86
80 .04
80 .04
col ., rhb .
in soln . only
mn .
col ., mn .
col ., tet ., 1 .611
col ., rhb . or mn .
nitrite
osmochloride
oxalate
oxalate, acid
perchlorate
persulfate
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, meta-
NH4NO2
(NH4)2OsCl6
(NH4)2C2O4⋅H2O
NH4HC2O4⋅H2O
NH4ClO4
(NH4)2S2O8
NH4H2PO4
(NH4)2HPO4
(NH4)4P4O12
64 .04
439 .02
142 .11
125 .08
117 .49
228 .20
115 .03
132 .06
388 .04
wh . nd .
cb .
col ., rhb .
col ., trimetric
col ., rhb ., 1 .4833
wh ., mn ., 1 .5016
col ., tet ., 1 .5246
col ., mn ., 1 .53
col ., mn .
potassium (kalinite)
potassium chrome
sodium
Ammonia†
Ammonium acetate
auricyanide
bicarbonate
bromide
carbonate
carbonate, carbamate
carbonate, sesqui-
1 .573
2 .327 154°
124
−33 .4
d .
1 .5317°
3 .065
2 .4
1 .91712°
0 .79100° (A)
2 .15
2 .21 1212°
1 .266
d . 350
d .
d .
d .
2 .27
subl . 520
d . 180
36
d . 185
d .
114–116
d . 180; subl .
in vac .
subl . 120
d .
25 °
4
25 °
4
1 .66
1 .725
169 .6
1 .69
2 .93 204°
1 .501
1 .556
1 .95
1 .98
1 .803 194°
1 .619
2 .21
expl .
i.
i.
s.
sl. s.
i.
31.30°
3.90°
21 .2
964 .38
ammonium iron
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
d . 210
d . 210
s.
i.
89100°
∞ 100°
25°
Other reagents
i. HCl
d. a.
i . al .
s . al .
25°
i . al .
5 .70°
20
106 .40°
89 .90°
∞93°
50
121 .745°
7 .496°
1484°
s .
11 .90°
6810°
10015°
2515°
v . s .
2730°
145 .6100°
2015°
5049°
29 .40°
0 .715°
s .
33 .315°
40 .530°
s .
47 .230°
s .
v . s .
v . s .
1020°
77 .3100°
1 .25100°
v . s .
s . NH3; sl . s . al ., m . al .
0 .005 al .
d .
v . s .
v . s .
d .
sl . s . act ., NH3; i . al .
s . al .
s . al .; i . act .
i . al .
s . al .; i . NH3
53180°
s . al .
v . s .
s .
d .
4425°
118 .30°
365 .835°
s .
6765°
2 .5
s .
10 .90°
58 .20°
22 .70°
13115°
s .
i . al .
i . al .
14 .820° al .; s . et .
s . al .; sl . s . act .
i . al .
i . al .
s . al ., et ., act .
i . al ., CS2, NH3
s . al .
d .
i . al ., NH3
i . al .
30°
241 .8
58080°
d .
0°
d .
d .
d . 120
Hot water
11 .850°
100°
46 .9
d .
173 .2100°
3 .820° al ., 17 .120° m . al .;
v . s . NH3
s . al .
sl . s . al .; i . NH3
220° al .; s . act .; i . et .
i . ac .
i . act .
Ammonium phosphomolybdate
silicofluoride
sulfamate
sulfate (mascagnite)
sulfate, acid
sulfide
sulfide, pentasulfite
sulfite, acid
tartrate
thiocyanate
vanadate, metaAntimony
chloride, tri- (butter of
antimony)∗
oxide, tri- (valentinite)
oxide, tri- (senarmontite)
sulfide, tri- (stibnite)
(NH4)3PO4⋅12MoO3⋅
3H2O (?)
(NH4)2SiF6
NH4⋅SO3NH2
(NH4)2SO4
NH4HSO4
(NH4)2S
(NH4)2S5
(NH4)2SO3⋅H2O
NH4HSO3
(NH4)2C4H4O6
NH4CNS
NH4VO3
Sb
1930 .39
178 .15
114 .12
132 .14
115 .11
68 .14
196 .40
134 .16
99 .11
184 .15
76 .12
116 .98
121 .76
yel.
cb., 1.3696
col. pl.
col., rhb., 1.5230
col., rhb., 1.480
yel.-wh.
or.-red pr.
col., mn.
rhb.
col., mn.
col., mn., 1.685±
col. cr.
tin wh., trig.
d.
0.0315°
i.
s. alk.; i. al., HNO3
55.5
35750°
103.3100°
s. al.; i. act.
8760°
17020°
3.0570°
i.
1.769 204°
1.78
132
235 d.
146.9
d.
1.41
2.03 124°
1.60
1.305
2.326
6.68425°
d.
d.
d.
149.6
d.
630.5
1380
18.517.5°
1340°
70.60°
100
v. s.
s.
10012°
s.
450°
1200°
0.4418°
i.
73.4
220.2
601.60°
∞72°
656
652
550
1570
2.01
SbCl3
228 .12
col., rhb., delq.
3.14
Sb2O3
Sb2O3
Sb2S3
291 .52
291 .52
339 .72
rhb ., 2 .35
cb ., 2 .087
bk ., rhb ., 4 .046
5 .67
5 .2
4 .64
20 °
4
0°
subl.
d. 160
490
d. 170
i. al., act., CS2
v. sl. s. al.; i. act.
12025° NH3
i. al., act.
sl. s. al.
s. al., act., NH3, SO2
i. al., NH4Cl
s. aq. reg., h. conc.
H2SO4
s . al ., HCl, HBr,
H2C4H4O6
s . HCl, KOH, H2C4H4O6
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
0 .0001718°
d .
−2S, 135
629
i .
i .
5 .268 .7°
d .
i .
5 .60° cc
35 .7100°
d .
d .
2 .2350° cc
s . gly .; i . al .
s . HCl; alk ., NH4HS,
K2S; i . ac .
s . HCl, alk ., NH4HS
sulfide, pentatelluride, triAntimonyl potassium tartrate
(tartar emetic)
sulfate, normal
sulfate, basic
Argon
Sb2S5
Sb2Te3
403 .85
626 .32
golden
gray
4 .120
(SbO)KC4H4O6⋅½H2O
(SbO)2SO4
(SbO)2SO4⋅Sb2(OH)4
Ar
333 .94
371 .58
683 .20
39 .95
wh ., rhb .
wh . pd .
wh . pd .
col . gas
2 .60
4 .89
−½H2O, 100
−189 .2
−185 .7
Arsenic (crystalline) (α)
Arsenic (black) (β)
As4
As4
299 .69
299 .69
met ., hex .
bk ., amor .
1 .65−288°;
1 .402−185 .7°;
1 .38 (A)
5 .72714°
4 .720°
81436atm .
subl . 615
i .
i .
i .
i .
s . HNO3
s . HNO3, aq . reg .,
aq . Cl2, h . alk .
Arsenic (yellow) (γ)
acid, orthoacid, metaacid, pyropentoxide
sulfide, di- (realgar)
As4
H3AsO4⋅½H2O
HAsO3
H4As2O7
As2O5
As2S2
299 .69
150 .95
123 .93
265 .87
229 .84
213 .97
yel ., cb .
col ., hyg .
wh ., hyg .
col .
wh ., amor .
red, mn ., 2 .68
−H2O, 160
50
H3AsO4
H3AsO4
76 .7100°
d .
s . alk .
d .
565
16 .7
d . to form
d . to form
59 .50°
i .
s . alk ., al .
s . K2S, NaHCO3
sulfide, pentaArsenious chloride (butter of
arsenic)
hydride (arsine)
oxide (arsenolite)
oxide (claudetite)
oxide
As2S5
AsCl3
310 .17
181 .28
d . 500
130
0 .0001360°
d .
i .
d .
s . HNO3, alk .
s . HCl, HBr, PCl3
AsH3
As2O3
As2O3
As2O3
−55; d . 230
20 cc
sl . s .
sl . s .
1 .210°
sl . s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
2 .9340°
Auric chloride
cyanide
Aurous chloride
cyanide
Cf. also under Gold
Barium
acetate
acetate
bromide
∗Usually the solution .
†
See special tables .
‡
Usual commercial form .
sl . s . alk .
i . al ., et .
i . al ., et .
s . HCl, alk ., Na2CO3;
i . al ., et .
s . HCl, al ., et .; sl . s .
NH3
s . al .
s . HCl, HBr; d . al .
s . KCN; i . al ., et .
Ba
Ba(C2H3O2)2
Ba(C2H3O2)2⋅H2O
BaBr2
2 .020°
2 .0–2 .5
d . 358
35 .5
d .
d . 206
4 .086
(α)3 .50619°;
(β)3 .25419°
(α)tr . 267;
(β)307
yel .
oily lq .
lq . 2 .163
−18
77 .95
197 .84
197 .84
197 .84
col . gas
col ., cb ., fibrous, 1 .755
col ., mn ., 1 .92
amor . or vitreous
2 .695 (A)
3 .865 254°
3 .85
3 .738
−113 .5
subl .
subl .
315
AuCl3⋅2H2O
339 .36
or . cr .
d .
v . s .
v . s .
Au(CN)3⋅6H2O
AuCl
AuCN
383 .11
232 .42
222 .98
yel . cr .
yel . cr .
7 .4
d . 50
AuCl3, 170
d .
d . 290
v . s .
d .
i .
v . s .
d .
i .
137 .33
255 .42
273 .43
297 .14
silv . met .
col .
wh ., tri . pr ., 1 .517
col .
3 .5
2 .468
2 .19
4 .781 244°
850
1140
−H2O, 41
847
d .
d .
58 .80°
7530°(anh .)
980°
d .
75 .0100°
7940°(anh .)
149100°
5 .1515° gly .
2425° cc al .
s . a .; d . al .
i . al .
v . s . m . al .; v . sl . s . act .
(Continued )
2-7
2-8
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Barium (Cont.)
bromide
carbonate (witherite)
carbonate (α)
carbonate (β)
Barium chlorate
chlorate
chloride
chloride
chloride
hydroxide
hydroxide
nitrate (nitrobarite)
oxalate
oxide
peroxide
peroxide
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, pyrosilicofluoride
sulfate (barite, barytes)
sulfide, monosulfide, trisulfide, tetraBeryllium (glucinum)
Bismuth
carbonate, subchloride, dichloride, trinitrate
nitrate, suboxide, trioxide, trioxide, trioxychloride
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
333.17
197.34
197.34
197.34
304.23
322.24
208.23
208.23
244.26
171.34
315.46
261.34
225.35
153.33
col., mn., 1.7266
wh., rhb., 1.676
wh., hex.
wh.
col.
col., mn., 1.577
col., mn., 1.7361
col., cb.
col., mn., 1.646
col., mn.
col., mn., 1.5017
col., cb., 1.572
wh. cr.
col., cb., 1.98
BaO2∗
BaO2⋅8H2O
BaH4(PO4)2
BaHPO4
Ba3(PO4)2
Ba2P2O7
BaSiF6
BaSO4
169.33
313.45
331.30
233.31
601.92
448.60
279.40
233.39
gray or wh. pd.
pearly sc.
tri.
wh., rhb. nd., 1.635
wh., cb.
wh., rhb.
pr.
col., rhb., 1.636
BaS
BaS3
BaS4⋅2H2O
Be(Gl)
Bi
169.39
233.52
301.62
9.01
208.98
Bi2O3⋅CO2⋅H2O
BiCl2
BiCl3∗
Bi(NO3)3⋅5H2O
BiONO3⋅H2O
Bi2O3
Bi2O3
Bi2O3
BiOCl
527.98
279.89
315.34
485.07
305.00
465.96
465.96
465.96
260.43
col., cb., 2.155
yel.-gn.
red, rhb.
gray, met., hex.
silv. wh. or reddish,
hex.
wh. pd.
bk. nd.
wh. cr.
col., tri.
hex. pl.
yel., rhb.
yel., tet.
yel., cb.
wh., amor.
6.86
4.86
4.75
2.82
4.92815°
8.9
8.55
8.20
7.7215°
d.
163
230
d. 30
d. 260
820
860
tr. 704
wh., tri.
1.43515°
185 d.
2.32
2.54
1.85
1.49
2300
2450
577
d.
d. 100
−7.2
61.83
H3BO3
Boron
carbide
oxide
oxide (sassolite)
Bromic acid
Bromine
B
B4C
B2O3
B2O3⋅3H2O
HBrO3
Br2
10.81
55.25
69.62
123.67
128.91
159.81
gray or bk., amor. or mn.
bk. cr.
col. glass, 1.459
tri., 1.456
col.; in soln. only
rhb., or red lq.
Br2⋅10H2O
Cd
Cd(C2H3O2)2
Cd(C2H3O2)2⋅2H2O∗
CdCO3
339.96
112.41
230.50
266.53
172.42
red, oct.
silv. met., hex.
col.
col., mn.
wh., trig.
chloride
Melting
point, °C
BaBr2⋅2H2O
BaCO3
BaCO3
BaCO3
Ba(ClO3)2
Ba(ClO3)2⋅H2O∗
BaCl2
BaCl2
BaCl2⋅2H2O†
Ba(OH)2
Ba(OH)2⋅8H2O
Ba(NO3)2
BaC2O4
BaO
Boric acid
hydrate
Cadmium
acetate
acetate
carbonate
Specific
gravity
CdCl2
183.32
wh., cb.
3.69
4.29
3.179
3.856 244°
3.097 244°
4.495
2.18816°
3.24428°
2.658
5.72
4.958
4°
2.9
4.16515°
4.116°
3.920°
4.27915°
4.49915°
4.2515°
2.98820°
1.816
9.8020°
3.11920°;
5.87 (A)
8.6520°
2.341
2.01
4.2584°
4.047
25 °
4
Boiling
point, °C
−2H2O, 100
tr. 811 to α
tr. 982 to β
174090 atm.
414
d. 120
tr. 925
962
−2H2O, 100
d.
d. 1450
77.9
592
−8H2O, 550
d.
1923
d. 400
d. 200
1284
271
d. 6.8
320.9
256
−H2O, 130
d. <500
568
Hot water
Other reagents
v. s.
0.002218°
v. s.
0.0065100°
s. al.
s. a.; i. al.
0.002218°
20.350°
s.
310°
0.0065100°
84.880°
s.
59100°
s. a.; i. al.
76.8100°
101.480°
2000±
39.30°
1.670°
5.615°
5.00°
0.00168°
1.50°
d.
d.
d.
tr. to mn. 1149
v. sl. s.
0.168
d.
0.015
i.
0.01
0.02617°
0.0001150°
2767
1450
d.
s.
4115°
i.
i.
d.
s.
v. s.
sl. s. d.
i.
i.
d.
d.
d.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
2.660°
40.2100°
i.
i.
1.10°
sl. s.
v. s.
4.220°
i.
i.
15.7100°
s.
d.
3.1330°
1560
1560
−O, 800
−8H2O, 100
1580 d.
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
d. 300
447
−5H2O, 80
1900±
2550
>3500
>1500
58.78
767
d.
960
s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
i.
90
0°
34.2100°
0.002424°
90.880°
0.09100°
0.00028530°
i.
i.
147100°
sl. s. al., act.
sl. s. HCl, HNO3; i. al.
sl. s. HCl, HNO3; i. al.
v. sl. s. al.; i. et.
sl. s. a.; i. al.
s. a., NH4Cl; i. al.
s. HCl, HNO3, abs. al.;
i. NH3, act.
s. dil. a.; i. act.
s. dil. a.; i. al., et., act.
s. a.
s. a., NH4 salts
s. a.
s. a., NH4 salts
sl. s. HCl, NH4Cl; i. al.
s. conc. H2SO4; 0.006,
3% HCl
d. HCl; i. al.
i. al., CS2
s. dil. a., alk.
s. aq. reg., conc. H2SO4,
HNO3
s. a.
s. al.
4219° act.; s. a.; i. al.
s. a.
s. a.
s. a.
s. a.
s. a.; i. act., NH3,
H2C4H4O6
22.220° gly., 0.2425° et.;
s. al.
s. HNO3; i. al.
i. a.
s. a., al., gly.
s. al., et., alk., CS2
s. a., NH4NO3
s. m. al.
s. al.
s. a., KCN, NH4 salts;
i. NH3
1.5215° al.; i. et., act.
CdCl2 ⋅2½H2O
Cd(CN)2
Cd(OH)2
Cd(NO3)2
Cd(NO3)2⋅4H2O∗
CdO
CdO
Cd2O
CdSO4
CdSO4⋅H2O
3CdSO4⋅8H2O∗
CdSO4⋅4H2O
CdSO4⋅7H2O
CdS
Ca
Ca(C2H2O2)2⋅H2O
Ca(AlO2)2
CaO⋅Al2O3⋅2SiO2
Ca3(AsO4)2
CaBr2
CaCO3
CaCO3
CaCl2∗
CaCl2⋅H2O
CaCl2⋅6H2O
Ca3(C6H5O7)2⋅4H2O
CaCN2
Ca2Fe(CN)6⋅12H2O
CaF2
Ca(HCO2)2
CaH2
Ca(OH)2
Ca(ClO)2⋅4H2O
Ca2P2O6⋅2H2O
Ca(C3H5O3)2⋅5H2O
228 .36
164 .45
146 .43
236 .42
308 .48
128 .41
128 .41
240 .82
208 .47
226 .49
769 .54
280 .53
334 .58
144 .48
40 .08
176 .18
158 .04
278 .21
398 .07
199 .89
100 .09
100 .09
110 .98
129 .00
219 .08
570 .49
80 .10
508 .29
78 .07
130 .11
42 .09
74 .09
215 .04
274 .13
308 .29
col., mn., 1.6513
3.327
wh., trig.
col.
col. nd.
brn., cb.
brn., amor, 2.49
gn., amor.
rhb.
mn.
col., mn., 1.565
col.
mn.
yel.-or., hex., 2.506
silv. met., cb.
wh. nd.
col., rhb. or mn.
tri., 1.5832
wh. pd.
delq. nd.
col., rhb., 1.6809
col., hex., 1.550
wh., delq., cb, 1.52
col., delq.
col., trig., 1.417
col. nd.
col., rhombohedral
yel., tri., 1.5818
wh., cb., 1.4339
col., rhb.
wh. cr. or pd.
col., hex., 1.574
wh., feathery cr.
granular
col., eff.
4.79 154°
CaO⋅MgO⋅2CO2
CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2⋅4H2O∗
Ca3N2
Ca(NO2)2⋅H2O
CaC2O4
CaC2O4⋅H2O
CaO
184 .40
216 .55
164 .09
236 .15
148 .25
150 .10
128 .10
146 .11
56 .08
trig ., 1 .68174
wh ., mn .
col ., cb .
col ., mn ., 1 .498
brn . cr .
delq ., hex .
col ., cb .
col .
col ., cb ., 1 .837
peroxide
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, pyro- (brushite)
phosphide
silicate (α) (pseudowollastonite)
CaO2⋅8H2O
CaH4(PO4)2⋅H2O
CaHPO4⋅2H2O
Ca3(PO4)2
Ca(PO3)2
Ca2P2O7
Ca2P2O7⋅5H2O
Ca3P2
CaSiO3
216 .20
252 .07
172 .09
310 .18
198 .02
254 .10
344 .18
182 .18
116 .16
silicate (β) (wollastonite)
sulfate (anhydrite)
CaSiO3
CaSO4
116 .16
136 .14
pearly, tet .
wh ., tri .
wh ., mn . pl .
wh ., amor .
wh ., tet ., 1 .588
col ., biaxial, 1 .60
wh ., mn .
red cr .
col ., pseudo hex .,
1 .6150 or mn .
col ., mn ., 1 .610
col ., rhb ., 1 .576, or
mn ., 1 .50
chloride
cyanide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrate
oxide
oxide
oxide, subCadmium sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfide (greenockite)
Calcium
acetate
aluminate
aluminum silicate (anorthite)
arsenate
bromide
carbonate (aragonite)
carbonate (calcite)
chloride (hydrophilite)
chloride
chloride
citrate
cyanamide
ferrocyanide
fluoride ( fluorite)
formate
hydride
hydroxide
hypochlorite
hypophosphate
lactate
magnesium carbonate
(dolomite)
magnesium silicate (diopside)
nitrate (nitrocalcite)
nitrate
nitride
nitrite
oxalate
oxalate
oxide
∗Usual commercial form .
†
The solubility of CaCO3 in H2O is greatly increased by increasing the amount of CO2 in the H2O .
2.455 174°
8.15
6.95
8.192 184°
4.691 244°
3.78620°
3.09
3.05
2.48 204°
4.58
1.5520°
tr. 34
d. >200
d. 300
350
59.4
132
d. 900–1000
d.
1000
tr. 108
tr. 41.5
3.6720°
2.765
tr. 4
1750100atm.
810
d.
1600
1551
3.353 254°
2.93
2.711 254°
2.152 154°
760
d. 825
1339103atm.
772
>1600
29.92
−2H2O, 130
−6H2O, 200
−4H2O, 185
17°
1.68
1.7
3.18020°
2.015
1.7
2.2
2 .872
3 .3
2 .36
1 .82
2 .6317°
2 .2334°
2 .24°
2 .2
3 .32
2 .220 164°
2 .306 164°
3 .14
2 .82
3 .09
2 .25
2 .5115°
2 .905
2 .915
2 .96
subl. in N2, 980
1200 ± 30
1810
1330
d.
d. 675
−H2O, 580
d.
−2H2O, 200
−3H2O, 100
d . 730–760
1391
561
42 .7
900
d .
−H2O, 200
2570
−8H2O, 100
−H2O, 100
d .
1670
975
1230
2850
expl . 275
d . 200
32659.5°
i.
i.
60.8100°
s.
127.660°
s.
0.01325°
1250°
0.001220°†
0.001425°
59.50°
s.
v. s.
0.08518°
s. d.
s.
0.001618°
16.10°
d.
0.1850°
delq.; d.
i.
10.5
i.
312105°
0.002100°
0.002100°
347260°
s.
v. s.
0.09626°
d.
15090°
0.001726°
18.4100
0 .03218°
i .
1020°
2660°
d .
770°
0 .0006713°
i .
Forms
Ca(OH)2
sl . s .
0 .02
0 .0025
i .
i .
sl . s .
d .
0 .009517°
tr . 1193 to rhb .
180100°
76.50°
s.
114.20°
s.
350−5°
0.000001
d.
520°
d.
24 .5°
>1600
1540
tr . 1190 to α
1450(mn .)
16820°
0.024718°
0.0002625°
109.70°
2150°
i.
i.
0 .29820°
Colloidal
d.
45.580°
0.077100°
d.
∞
i .
376151°
v . s .
d .
41790°
0 .001495°
i .
d .
d .
0 .075100°
d .
i .
0 .1619100°
2.0515° m. al.
s. a.; NH4OH, KCN
s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk.
v. s. a.
s. al., NH3; i. HNO3
s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk.
s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk.
d. a., alk.
i.act., NH3
i. al.
i. al.
i. al.
s. a.; v. s. NH4OH
s, a.; sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
s. HCl
s. dil. a.
s. al., act.; sl. s. NH3
s. a., NH4Cl
s. a., NH4Cl
s. al.
s. al.
s. al.
0.006518° al.
i. al.
sl. s. a.
i. al., et.
d. a.; i. bz.
s. NH4Cl
d. a.
s. HCl, H4P2O6
∞h . al .; i . et .
1415° al .; s . amyl al ., NH3
s . dil . a .; i . abs . al .
s . 90% al .
s . a .; i . ac .
s . a .; i . ac
s . a .; i . al .
s . a . d .; i . al ., et .
s . a .; i . al ., ac .
i . a .
s . a .
s . a .; i . NH4Cl
s . dil . a .; i . al ., et .
s . HCl
s . a ., Na2S2O3, NH4 salts
(Continued )
2-9
2-10
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Calcium (Cont.)
sulfate (gypsum)
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
CaSO4⋅2H2O
172.17
col., mn., 1.5226
Ca(SH)2⋅6H2O
CaS
CaSO3⋅2H2O
CaC4H4O6⋅4H2O
Ca(CNS)2⋅3H2O
CaS2O3⋅6H2O
CaWO4
214.32
72.14
156.17
260.21
210.29
260.30
287.92
col. pr.
col., cb.
wh., cr., 1.595
col., rhb.
wh., delq. cr.
col., tri., 1.56
wh., tet., 1.9200
C
C
C
CO2
12.01
12.01
12.01
44.01
bk., amor.
col., cb., 2.4195
bk., hex.
col. gas
disulfide
CS2
76.14
col. lq.
monoxide
CO
28.01
col., poisonous,
odorless gas
poisonous gas
gas
sulfhydrate
sulfide (oldhamite)
sulfite
tartrate
thiocyanate
thiosulfate
tungstate (scheelite)
Carbon, cf. table of organic
compounds
Carbon, amorphous
Carbon, diamond
Carbon, graphite
dioxide
oxychloride (phosgene)
oxysulfide
suboxide
thionyl chloride
Ceric hydroxide
hydroxynitrate
oxide
sulfate
Cerium
COCl2
COS
C3O2
CSCl2
2CeO2⋅3H2O
Ce(OH)(NO3)3⋅3H2O
CeO2
Ce(SO4)2⋅4H2O
Ce
98.92
60.08
68.03
114.98
398.28
397.18
172.11
404.30
140.12
Cerous sulfate
sulfate
Cesium
Chloric acid
Chlorine
Ce2(SO4)3
Ce2(SO4)3⋅8H2O
Cs
HClO3⋅7H2O
Cl2
568.42
712.54
132.91
210.57
70.91
hydrate
Chloroplatinic acid
Chlorostannic acid
Chlorosulfonic acid
Chromic acetate
chloride
chloride
fluoride
hydroxide
Cl2⋅8H2O
H2PtCl6⋅6H2O
H2SnCl6⋅6H2O
HO⋅SO2⋅Cl
Cr2(C2H3O2)6⋅2H2O
CrCl3
CrCl3⋅6H2O∗
CrF3
Cr(OH)3
215.03
517.90
441.54
116.52
494.29
158.36
266.45
108.99
103.02
Cr(OH)3⋅2H2O
Cr(NO3)3⋅9H2O∗
Cr(NO3)3⋅7½H2O
Cr2O3
Cr2(SO4)3
Cr2(SO4)3⋅5H2O
Cr2(SO4)3⋅15H2O
Cr2(SO4)3⋅18H2O
Cr2S3
139.05
400.15
373.13
151.99
392.18
482.26
662.41
716.46
200.19
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrate
oxide
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfide
gas
yel.-red lq.
yel., gelatinous
red, mn.
wh. or pa. yel., cb.
yel., rhb.
steel gray, cb. or
hex.
wh., mn. or rhb.
tri.
silv. met., hex.
lq.
rhb., or gn.-yel. gas
rhb.
red-brn., delq.
delq.
col. lq.
gn.
pink, trig.
vl. or gn., hex. pl.
gn., rhb.
gn. or blue,
gelatinous
gn.
purple pr.
purple, mn.
dark gn., hex.
rose pd.
gn.
vl.
vl., cb., 1.564
brn.-bk. pd.
Specific
gravity
2.32
2.815°
Melting
point, °C
−1½H2O, 128
Boiling
point, °C
−2H2O, 163
d. 15
−2H2O, 100
d.
d. 650
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
0.2230°
0.25750°
v. s.
d.
0.004318°
0.0370°
s.
71.29°
0.2
v. s.
d.
0.002790°
0.2285°
v. s.
d.
Other reagents
s. a., gly., Na2S2O3,
NH4 salts
s. al.
s. a.
s. H2SO3
sl. s. al.
v. s. al.
i. al.
s. NH4Cl; i. a.
1.87316°
6.06
d.
1.8–2.1
3.5120°
2.2620°
lq. 1.101−87°;
1.53 (A);
solid 1.56−79°
lq. 1.261 2220° ;
2.63 (A)
°
lq. 0.814 −195
4 ;
0.968 (A)
1.392 194°
lq. 1.24−87°;
2.10 (A)
lq. 1.1140°
1.50915°
>3500
>3500
>3500
−56.65.2atm.
4200
4200
4200
subl. −78.5
i.
i.
i.
179.70° cc
i.
i.
i.
90.120° cc
i. a., alk.
i. a., alk.
i. a., alk.
s. a., alk.
−108.6
46.3
0.20°
0.01450°
s. al.; et.
−207
−192
0.00440°;
3.50° cc
v. s. sl. d.
1330° cc
0.001850°
2.3220° cc
d.
40.330° cc
s. al., Cu2Cl2
7.3
3.91
6.920° cb.;
6.7 hex.
3.91
2.88617°
1.9020°
1.28214.2°
lq. 1.56−33.6°;
2.490° (A)
1.23
2.431
1.97128°
1.78725°
2.75715°
1.835 254°
3.8
5.21
3.012
1.86717°
1.722°
3.7719°
756mm
−104
−138.2
8.2
−50.2760mm
−107
7761mm
73.5
1950
645
1400
d.
s. et.
s. a.; sl. s. alk. carb.; i. alk
d.
i.
s. d.
i.
i.
0°
−8H2O, 630
28.5
<−20
−101.6
d. 9.6
60
19.2
−80
subl. 83
>1000
−2H2O, 100
36.5
100
1900
100
−S, 1350
670
d. 40
−34.6
151.5765mm
1200–1500 d.
d.
d. 100
d.
−10H2O, 100
−12H2O, 100
s. ac., CCl4, bs.; d.a.
v. s. alk., al.
18.98
250°
d.
v. s.
1.460°;
31010° cc
s.
v. s.
s.
d.
s.
i.§
v. s. d.
i.
i.
i.
s.
s.
i.
i.†
s.
s.
12020°
i.
Slowly
oxidized
0.4100°
7.640°
30°
0.57 ;
17730° cc
v. s.
sl. s.
i.
s.
s.
i.
d. 67°
d.
d.
s. H2SO4, HCl
s. dil. H2SO4
s. dil. a.; i. al.
s. a., al., NH3
s. alk.
s. alk.
s. al., et.
d. al.; i. CS2
4.7615° m. al.
i. a., act., CS2
s. al.; i. et.
sl. s. a.; i. al., NH3
s. a., alk.; sl. s. NH3
s. a., alk.
s. a., alk., al., act.
sl. s. a.
i. a.
s. al., H2SO4
sl. s. al.
s. al.
s. h. HNO3
Chromium
trioxide (chromic acid)
Chromous chloride
hydroxide
oxide
sulfate
sulfide (daubrelite)
Chromyl chloride
Cobalt
carbonyl
sulfide, diCobaltic chloride
chloride, dichro
chloride, luteo
chloride, praseo
Cobaltic chloride, purpureo
chloride, roseo
hydroxide
oxide
sulfate
sulfide
Cobalto-cobaltic oxide
Cobaltous acetate
chloride
chloride
nitrate
oxide
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate (biebeorite)
sulfide (syeporite)
Copper
Cupric
acetate
aceto-arsenite (Paris green)
ammonium chloride
Cr
52 .00
CrO3
CrCl2
Cr(OH)2
CrO
CrSO4⋅7H2O
CrS
CrO2Cl2
Co
Co(CO)4
CoS2
CoCl3
Co(NH3)3Cl3⋅H2O
Co(NH3)6Cl3
Co(NH3)4Cl3⋅H2O
Co(NH3)5Cl3
Co(NH3)5Cl3⋅H2O
Co(OH)3
Co2O3
Co2(SO4)3
Co2S3
Co3O4
Co(C2H3O2)2⋅4H2O
CoCl2
CoCl2⋅6H2O∗
Co(NO3)2⋅6H2O
99 .99
122 .90
86 .01
68 .00
274 .17
84 .06
154 .90
58 .93
170 .97
123 .06
165 .29
234 .40
267 .48
251 .43
250 .44
268 .46
109 .96
165 .86
406 .05
214 .06
240 .80
249 .08
129 .84
237 .93
291 .03
CoO
CoSO4
CoSO4⋅H2O
74 .93
155 .00
173 .01
CoSO4⋅7H2O∗
CoS
Cu
Cu(C2H3O2)2
Cu(C2H3O2)2⋅H2O
(CuOAs2O3)3⋅
Cu(C2H3O2)2∗
CuCl2⋅2NH4Cl⋅2H2O
281 .10
91 .00
63 .55
181 .63
199 .65
1013 .79
gray, met., cb.
red, rhb.
wh., delq.
yel.-brn.
bk. pd.
blue
bk. pd.
dark red lq.
silv. met., cb.
or. cr.
bk., cb.
red cr.
7.1
1615
2.70
2.75
197 d.
3.97
1.92
8.920°
1.7318°
4.269
2.94
1550
−96.5
1480
51
subl.
brn., cb.
red pd.
red pd., mn.(?),
1.639
red, mn., 1.483
brn. nd.
yel.-red met., cb.
5.18
d. 100
−1½H2O, 100
d. 900
4.8
6.07
1.705318.7°
3.356
1.924 2525°
1.883 2525°
−4H2O, 140
subl.
86
<100
5.68
3.71025°
3.13
d. 1800
d. 880
d.
1.948 2525°
5.4518°
8.9220°
1.930 204°
1.882
96.8
>1100
1083
−7H2O, 420
115
240 d.
1.98
d. 110
ammonium sulfate
carbonate, basic (azurite)
CuSO4⋅4NH3⋅H2O
2CuCO3⋅Cu(OH)2
245 .75
344 .67
blue, tet., 1.670,
1.744
blue, rhb.
blue, mn., 1.758
carbonate, basic (malachite)
chloride (eriochalcite)
CuCO3⋅Cu(OH)2
CuCl2
221 .12
134 .45
dark gn., mn., 1.875
brn.-yel. pd.
3.9
3.054
d.
498
chloride
chromate, basic
cyanide
dichromate
ferricyanide
ferrocyanide
formate
hydroxide
lactate
nitrate
nitrate
∗Usual commercial form .
†
Also a soluble modification .
CuCl2⋅2H2O
CuCrO4⋅2CuO⋅2H2O
Cu(CN)2
CuCr2O7⋅2H2O
Cu3[Fe(CN)6]2
Cu2Fe(CN)6⋅7H2O
Cu(HCO2)2
Cu(OH)2
Cu(C3H5O3)2⋅2H2O
Cu(NO3)2⋅3H2O∗
Cu(NO3)2⋅6H2O
170 .48
374 .66
115 .58
315 .56
614 .54
465 .15
153 .58
97 .56
277 .72
241 .60
295 .65
gn., rhb., 1.684
yel.-brn.
yel.-gn.
bk., tri.
yel.-gn.
red-brn.
blue, mn.
blue, gelatinous
dark blue, mn.
blue, delq.
blue, rhb.
2.3922.4°
−2H2O, 110
−2H2O, 260
d.
−2H2O, 100
277 .47
117.6
2900
d. 52
20°
1.7016
1.847
1.819 2525°
1.81
3.88
d. 150
d. 220
2.28618°
1.831
3.368
2.047
2.074
1049
−6H2O, 110
d.
114.5
−3H2O, 26.4
i.
164.9
v. s.
d.
i.
12.350°
i.
d.
i.
i.
i.
s.
s.
4.260°
v. s.
0.2320°
16.120°
i.
i.
d.
i.
i.
s.
457°
116.50°
84.030°(anh.)
i.
25.60°
s.
2300
3380°
0.0003818°
i.
s.
7.2
i.
33.80°
18.05
i.
Forms Cu2Cl2
993
d.
−H2O
3.9°
i.
0°
d.
or., mn.
gn., rhb.
rhb.
brick red
bk.
bk.
blue cr.
bk. cr.
bk., cb.
red-vl., mn., 1.542
blue cr.
red, mn.
red, mn., 1.4
dark gn., mn.
gn.
2200
−HNO3, 170
21.5°
206.7
v. s.
100°
i.
i.
d.
s.
12.7446.5°
1.03146.5°
24.8716°
i.
i.
i.
s.
10596°
17780°
334.990°
(anh.)
i.
83100°
s.
s.
i.
s. HCl, dil. H2SO4;
i. HNO3
s. H2SO4, al., et.
sl. s. al.; i. et.
s. conc. a.
i. dil. HNO3
sl. s. al.
v. s. a.
s. et.
s. a.
s. al., et., CS2
s. HNO3, aq. reg.
s. a.; al.
i. al., NH4OH
s. a.; i. al.
i. al.
sl. s. HCl
s. a.; i. al.
s. a.
s. H2SO4
d. a.
s. H2SO4; i. HCl, HNO3
s. a., al.
31 al.; 8.6 act.
v. s. et., act.
10012.5° al.; s. act.;
sl. s. NH3
s. a., NH4OH; i. al.
1.0418° m. al.; i. NH8
2.58° al.
s. a., aq. reg.
s. HNO3, h. H2SO4
20
7 al.; s. et.; gly.
s. a., NH4OH
99.380°
s. a.
d.
d.
i. al.
s. NH4OH, h. aq.
NaHCO3
s. KCN; 0.03 aq. CO
5315° al.; 6815° m. al.
i.
70.70°
d.
107.9100°
110.40°
i.
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
12.5
i.
16.7
38140°
243.70°
192.4100°
d.
i.
d.
d.
45100°
66680°
∞
s. al.; et., NH4Cl
s. HNO3, NH4OH
s. KCN, C5H5N
s. a.; NH4OH
s. NH4OH; i. HCl
s. NH4OH; i. a., NH8
0.25 al.
s. a., NH4OH, KCN, al.
sl. s. al.
10012.5° al.
s . al .
(Continued )
2-11
2-12
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
Cupric (Cont.)
oxide (paramelaconite)
oxide (tenorite)
oxychloride
phosphide
sulfate (hydrocyanite)
sulfate (blue vitriol or
chalcanthite)
sulfide (covellite)
tartate
Cuprous ammonium iodide
carbonate
chloride (nantokite)
cyanide
CuO
CuO
CuCl2⋅2CuO⋅4H2O
Cu3P2
CuSO4
79 .55
79 .55
365 .60
252 .59
159 .61
CuSO4⋅5H2O∗
CuS
CuC4H4O6⋅3H2O
CuI⋅NH4I⋅H2O
Cu2CO3
Cu2Cl2
Cu2(CN)2
249 .69
95 .61
265 .66
353 .41
187 .10
198 .00
179 .13
bk., cb.
bk., tri., 2.63
blue-gn.
bk.
gn.-wh., rhb.,
1.733
blue, tri., 1.5368
blue, hex. or mn., 1.45
1 gn. pd.
rhb. pl.
yel.
wh., cb., 1.973
wh., mn.
ferricyanide
ferrocyanide
fluoride
hydroxide
oxide (cuprite)
Cuprous phosphide
sulfide (chalcocite)
sulfide
Cyanogen
Cu3Fe(CN)6
Cu4Fe(CN)6
Cu2F2
CuOH
Cu2O
Cu6P2
Cu2S
Cu2S
C2N2
402 .59
466 .13
165 .09
80 .55
143 .09
443 .22
159 .16
159 .16
52 .03
brn.-red
brn.-red
red cr.
yel.
red, cb., 2.705
gray-bk.
bk., rhb.
bk., cb.
poisonous gas
Fe(OH)(C2H3O2)2
190 .94
brn., amor.
Cyanogen compounds, cf. table
of organic compounds
Ferric acetate, basic
ammonium sulfate, cf. Alum
chloride (molysite)
chloride
ferrocyanide (Prussian blue)
hydroxide
lactate
nitrate
oxide (hematite)
sulfate
sulfate (coquimbite)
Ferroso-ferric chloride
ferricyanide (Prussian green)
oxide (magnetite;
magnetic iron oxide)
oxide, hydrated
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
FeCl3
FeCl3⋅6H2O∗
Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
162 .20
270 .30
859 .23
bk.-brn., hex. delq.
red-yel., delq.
dark blue
Fe(OH)3
Fe(C3H5O3)3
Fe(NO3)3⋅6H2O
Fe2O3
106 .87
323 .06
349 .95
159 .69
red-brn .
brn ., amor ., delq .
rhb ., delq .
red or bk ., trig .,
3 .042
rhb ., 1 .814
yel ., trig .
yel ., delq .
gn .
bk ., cb ., 2 .42
Fe2(SO4)3
Fe2(SO4)3⋅9H2O
FeCl2⋅2FeCl3⋅18H2O
Fe4Fe3[Fe(CN)6]6
Fe3O4
399 .88
562 .02
775 .43
1662 .61
231 .53
303 .59
392 .14
chloride (lawrencite)
Fe3O4⋅4H2O
FeSO4⋅(NH4)2SO4⋅
6H2O
FeCl2
chloroplatinate
ferricyanide (Turnbull’s blue)
ferrocyanide
formate
hydroxide
nitrate
oxide
FePtCl6⋅6H2O
Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2
Fe2Fe(CN)6
Fe(HCO2)2⋅2H2O
Fe(OH)2
Fe(NO3)2⋅6H2O
FeO
571 .73
591 .43
323 .64
181 .91
89 .86
287 .95
71 .84
126 .75
bk .
blue-gn ., mn .,
1 .4915
gn .-yel ., hex .,
1 .567
yel ., hex .
dark blue
blue-wh ., amor .
Specific
gravity
6.40
6.45
6.35
3.60615°
Melting
point, °C
d. 1026
d. 1026
−3H2O, 140
d.
d. >600
°
2.286 15.6
4
4.6
−4H2O, 110
tr. 103
d.
4.4
3.53
2.9
d.
422
474.5
3.4
6.0
6.4 to 6.8
5.6
5.80
lq. 0.866−17.2°;
1.806 (A)
908
−½H2O, 360
1235
1100
1130
−34.4
Forms CuO,
650
−5H2O, 250
d. 220
1366
d.
subl. 1100
−O, 1800
−20.5
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
i.
i.
i.
i.
14.30°
24.30°
0.00003318°
0.0215°
d.
i.
1.5225°
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.000518°
0.000518°
45020° cc
Hot water
i.
i.
75.4100°
205100°
0.1485°
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
11°
2.804
282
37
d .
3 .4 to 3 .9
−1½H2O, 500
1 .68420°
5 .12
35
1560 d .
3 .09718°
2 .1
d . 480
315
280
d .
Other reagents
s. a.; KCN, NH4Cl
s. a., KCN, NH4Cl
s. a.
s. HNO3; i. HCl
i. al.
1.18° al.
s. HNO3, KCN
s. a., KOH
s. NH4I
s. a., NH4OH
s. HCl, NH4OH, al.
s. KCN, HCl, NH4OH;
sl. s. NH3
s. NH4OH; i. HCl
s. NH4OH; i. NH4Cl
s. HF, HCl, HNO3; i. al.
s. a., NH4OH
s. HCl, NH4Cl, NH4OH
s. HNO3; i. HCl
s. HNO3, NH4OH; i. act.
s. HNO3, NH4OH; i. act.
230020° cc al.; 50018° cc et.
s. a.; al.
0°
100°
74.4
2460°
i .
535.8
∞
d .
v. s. al.; et. +HCl
s . al ., act ., gly .
s . HCl, conc . H2SO4;
i . al ., et .
s . a .; i . al ., et .
i . et .
s . al ., act .
s . HCl
i .
v . s .
1500°
i .
i .
v . s .
∞
d .
d .
s .
i .
s . d . h . HCl
i . al .
5 .2
d . 50
d . 180
1538 d .
sl . s .
440
s .
i .
i .
1 .864
d .
d .
i .
180°
i .
10075°
s . a .
i . al .
64 .410°
105 .7100°
100 al .; s . act .; i . et .
v . s .
i .
i .
sl . s .
0 .00067
2000°
i .
v . s .
2 .7
delq .
2 .714
d .
d .
lt . gn .
cr .
bk .
Boiling
point, °C
3 .4
5 .7
60 .5
1420
i . H2SO4, NH3
s . abs . al .
i . dil . a ., al .
30025°
i .
s . a ., NH4Cl
s . a .; i . alk .
phosphate (vivianite)
Fe3(PO4)2⋅8H2O
501 .60
silicate
sulfate (siderotilate)
sulfate (copperas)
sulfide
cf. also under iron
Fluoboric acid
Fluorine
FeSiO3
FeSO4⋅5H2O
FeSO4⋅7H2O∗
FeS
131 .93
241 .98
278 .01
87 .91
HBF4
F2
87 .81
38 .00
Fluosilicic acid
Gadolinium
Gallium bromide
Glucinum cf. Beryllium
Gold
Gold, colloidal
Gold salts cf. under Auric
and Aurous
Hafnium
Helium
Hydrazine
formate
hydrate
hydrochloride
hydrochloride, dinitrate
nitrate, disulfate
sulfate
Hydrazoic acid (azoimide)
Hydriodic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrobromic acid
H2SiF6
Gd
GaBr3
144 .09
157 .25
309 .44
delq . cr .
Au
Au
196 .97
196 .97
yel . met ., cb .
blue to vl .
19 .320°
1063
2600
Hf
He
N2H4
N2H4⋅2HCO2H
N2H4⋅H2O
N2H4⋅HCl
N2H4⋅2HCl
N2H4⋅HNO3
N2H4⋅2HNO3
N2H4⋅½H2SO4
N2H4⋅H2SO4
HN3
HI
HI⋅H2O
HI⋅2H2O
HI⋅3H2O
HI⋅4H2O
HBr
HBr⋅H2O
178 .49
4 .00
32 .05
124 .10
50 .06
68 .51
104 .97
95 .06
158 .07
81 .08
130 .12
43 .03
127 .91
145 .93
163 .94
181 .96
199 .97
80 .91
98 .93
hex .
col . gas
col . lq .
cb .
col .
yel . lq .
wh ., cb .
cr .
nd .
delq . pl .
rhb .
col . lq .
col . gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . gas; 1 .325 (lq .)
col . lq .
12 .1
0 .1368 (A)
1 .011 154°
>1700
<−272 .2
1 .4
128
−40
>3200(?)
−268 .9
113 .5
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid (prussic acid)
HBr (47 .8% in H2O)
HBr⋅2H2O
HCl†
HCl (45 .2% in H2O)
HCl⋅2H2O
HCl⋅3H2O
HCN
80 .91
118 .96
36 .46
36 .46
72 .49
90 .51
27 .03
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen
HF
HF (35 .35% in H2O)
H2
20 .01
20 .01
2 .02
col . lq .
wh . cr .
col . gas; 1 .256 (lq .)
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
poisonous gas or
col . lq ., 1 .254
gas or col . lq .
col . lq .
col . gas or cb .
peroxide
selenide
sulfide
Hydroxylamine
hydrochloride
nitrate
sulfate
‡
H2O2
H2Se
H2S
NH2OH
NH2OH⋅HCl
NH2OH⋅HNO3
NH2OH⋅½H2SO4
∗Usual commercial form .
†
Usual commercial form about 31 percent .
‡
Usual commercial forms 3 or 30 percent .
34 .01
80 .98
34 .08
33 .03
69 .49
96 .04
82 .07
blue, mn., 1.592,
1.603
mn.
gn., tri., 1.536
blue-gn., mn.
bk., hex.
col. lq.
gn .-yel . gas
col . lq ., 1 .333
col . gas
col . gas
rhb ., delq .
col ., mn .
col . cr .
col ., mn .
2.58
3.5
2.2
1.89914.8°
4.84
lq . 1 .51−187°;
1 .3115° (A)
1 .0321°
1 .42
1 .378
4 .40° (A)
1 .715°
2 .710° (A)
1 .78
1 .486
2 .11−15°
1 .2680° (A)
1 .48
°
1 .46 −18.3
4
0 .69718°
0 .98813 .6°
1 .15
lq . 0 .0709−252 .7°
0 .06948 (A)
1 .438 204°
2 .12−42°
1 .1895 (A)
1 .3518°
1 .6717°
1550
i.
i.
s. a.; i. ac.
64
1193
−5H2O, 300
−7H2O, 300
d.
s.
32.80°
0.00061618°
s.
14950°
i. al.
i. al.
s. a.; i. NH3
130 d.
−187
∞
d .
∞
s . al .
−223
s .
s .
s .
s .
i .
s .
i .
s . aq . reg ., KCN; i . a .
s . aq . reg ., KCN; i . a .
0 .970° cc
∞
s .
∞
v . s .
s .
174 .910°
v . s .
v . s .
3 .05522°
∞
42,50010° cc
∞
∞
∞
∞
2210°
1 .0850° cc
∞
Absorbed by Pt
s . al .
∞
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞ al .; i . et .
sl . s . al .
s . al .
198
70 .7
104
85
254
−80
−50 .8
−43
−48
−36 .5
−86
118 .5739 .5mm
subl . 140
d .
37
−35 .5
127774mm
−67
126
−11
−111
−15 .35
0
−24 .4
−14
−83
−35
−259 .1
−0 .89
−64
−82 .9
34
151
48
170 d .
27 .6560°
∞
v . s .
130100°
i . al .
v . sl . s . abs . al .
∞ al .
s . al .
∞ al .
s . al .
s . al .
s . al .
s . al .
Stable at −15 .5° and
1 atm ., and at −11 .3°
and 2 .5 atm .
s . al .
d .
d .
26
∞
s .
82 .30°
∞
∞
∞
∞
19 .4
120
−252 .7
∞ 0° to 19 .4°
v . s .
2 .10° cc
0 .8580° cc
sl . s . Fe, Pd, Pt
∞
3774° cc
4370° cc
s .
83 .317°
v . s .
32 .90°
27022 .5° cc
18640° cc
d .
v . s .
d .
68 .590°
s . a ., et .; i . petr . et
s . CS2, COCl2
9 .5415° cc al .; s . CS2
s . a ., al .
s . al .; i . et .
v . s . abs . al .
v . sl . s . al .; i . et ., abs . al .
−85
760mm
151 .4
−42
−59 .6
56 .522mm
d .
d . <100
s .
56 .160°
s . al ., et .
s . al .
s . al .
s . al .
∞ al ., et .
v . s .
(Continued )
2-13
2-14
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Formula
Hypobromous acid
Indium
Iodic acid
HBrO
In
HIO3
Iodine
oxide, pentaIodoplatinic acid
Iridium
Iron, cast†
pure
steel
white pig
wrought
carbide (cementite)
carbonyl
nitride
silicide
sulfide, di- (marcasite)
sulfide, di- (pyrite)
sulfide (pyrrhotite)
Cf. also under ferric and
ferrous
Krypton
Lanthanum
Lead
I2
I2O5
H2PtI6⋅9H2O
Ir
Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe3C
Fe(CO)5
Fe2N
FeSi
FeS2
FeS2
Fe7S8
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
96.91
114.82
175.91
yel.
soft, tet. met.
col., rhb.
253.81
333.81
1120.66
192.22
55.85
55.85
55.85
55.85
55.85
179.55
195.90
125.70
83.93
119.98
119.98
647.44
blue-bk., rhb.
wh., trimetric
brn., delq. mn.
wh. met., cb.
gray
silv. met., cb.
silv. gray
gray
gray
pseudo hex.
pa. yel. lq.
gray
yel.-gray, oct.
yel., rhb.
yel., cb.
hex.
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
d.
i.
576101°
0.01620°
187.412°
s. d.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
d.
i.
0.00049
0.0005
i.
0.0956660°
4.9320°
4.799 254°
113.5
d. 300
184.35
22.420°
7.03
7.8620°
7.6 to 7.8
7.6 to 7.8
7.86
7.4
1.45721°
6.35
6.1 204°
4.87
5.0
4.6 204°
2350
1275
1535
1375
1075
1505
1837
−21
d. >560
>4800
tr. 450
1171
d. >700
d.
d.
−151.8
1800
1620
3000
102.5760mm
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
11.050° cc
d.
i.
3.5760° cc
280
−3H2O, 75
22
19.70°
45.6415°
s.
v. s.
v. s.
22150°
200100°
s.
5.55
18.2
d. 140
d. >200
d.
i.
d.
i.
i.
0.45540°
d.
0.05100°
4.75100°
0.0001120°
i.
d.
i.
d. 190
−H2O, 130
d. 470
0.6730°
0.00000720°
i.
1.616°
0.014
38.80°
3.34100°
i.
i.
18100° d.
d. red heat
888
i.
0.006818°
i.
col. gas
lead gray
silv. met., cb.
2.818 (A)
6.1520°
11.337 2020°
−169
826
327.5
Pb(C2H3O2)2
Pb(C2H3O2)2⋅3H2O†
Pb(C2H3O2)2⋅10H2O
Pb2(C2H3O2)3OH
Pb(C2H3O2)2⋅
Pb(OH)2⋅H2O
Pb(C2H3O2)2⋅
2Pb(OH)2
PbH4(AsO4)2
PbHAsO4
Pb(AsO3)2
Pb2As2O7
PbN6
PbBr2
325.29
379.33
505.44
608.54
584.52
wh. cr.
wh., mn.
wh., rhb.
wh.
wh. nd.
3.251 204°
2.55
1.689
807.72
wh. nd.
489.07
347.13
453.04
676.24
291.24
367.01
tri., 1.82
wh., mn., 1.9097
hex.
rhb., 2.03
col. nd.
col., rhb.
4.4615°
5.94
6.4215°
6.85 1515°
6.66
802
expl. 350
373
carbonate (cerussite)
carbonate, basic
(hydrocerussite; white lead)
chloride (cotunnite)
chromate (crocoite)
chromate, basic
formate
hydroxide
nitrate
PbCO3
2PbCO3⋅Pb(OH)2†
267.21
775.63
wh., rhb., 2.0763
wh., hex.
6.6
6.14
d. 315
d. 400
PbCl2
PbCrO4
PbCrO4⋅PbO
Pb(HCO2)2
3PbO⋅H2O
Pb(NO3)2
278.11
323.19
546.39
297.23
687.61
331.21
5.80
6.12
501
844
4.56
7.592
4.53
oxide, suboxide, mono- (litharge)
Pb2O
PbO
430.40
223.20
wh., rhb., 2.2172
yel., mn., 2.42
or.-yel. nd.
wh., rhb.
cb.
col., cb. or mn.,
1.7815
bk., amor.
yel., tet.
8.34
9.53
oxide, mono (massicotite)
PbO
223.20
yel., rhb., 2.61
8.0
arsenate, monobasic
arsenate, dibasic (schultenite)
arsenate, metaarsenate, pyroazide
bromide
Hot water
s.
i.
2860°
155
110 d.
83.80
138.91
207.20
acetate, basic
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
4050mm
1450
7.320°
4.6290°
Kr
La
Pb
acetate
acetate (sugar of lead)
acetate
acetate, basic
acetate, basic
Boiling
point, °C
−H2O, 280
918
954760mm
d.
i.
sl. s.
138.8100°
Other reagents
s. a.
v. s. 87% al.; i. abs. al.
et., chl.
s. al., KI, et.
i. abs. al., et., chl.
sl. s. aq. reg., aq. Cl2
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.
s. al., H2SO4, alk.
s. HCl, H2SO4
i. aq. reg.
i. dil. a.
i. dil. a.
sl. s. al., bz.
s. a.
s. HNO3; i. c. HCl, H2SO4
s. gly.; v. sl. s. al.
s. gly.; sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
s. al.
s. al.
s. HNO3
s. HNO3, NaOH
s. HNO3
s. HCl, HNO3; i. sc.
v. s. ac.; i. NH4OH
s. a., KBr.; sl. s. NH3;
i. al.
s. a., alk.; i. NH3, al.
s. ac.; sl. s. aq. CO2
sl. s. dil. HCl, NH3, i. al.
s. a., alk.; i. NH3, ac.
s. a., alk.
i. al.
s. a., alk.
8.822° al.
s. a., alk.
s. alk., PbAc, NH4Cl,
CaCl2
oxide, mono-
PbO
223 .20
amor.
9.2 to 9.5
oxide, red (minium)
oxide, sesquioxide, di- (plattnerite)
silicate
sulfate (anglesite)
Pb3O4
Pb2O3
PbO2
PbSiO3
PbSO4
685 .60
462 .40
239 .20
283 .28
303 .26
9.1
Pb(HSO4)2 ⋅H2O
PbSO4⋅PbO
PbS
Pb(CNS)2
Li
LiC7H5O2
LiBr
419 .36
526 .46
239 .27
323 .36
6 .94
128 .05
86 .85
LiBr⋅2H2O
Li2CO3
LiCl
122 .88
73 .89
42 .39
citrate
fluoride
formate
hydride
hydroxide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrate
oxide
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, tribasic
salicylate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate, acid
Lutecium
Magnesium
acetate
acetate
aluminate (spinel)
Li3C6H5O7⋅4H2O
LiF
LiHCO2⋅H2O
LiH
LiOH
LiOH⋅H2O
LiNO3
LiNO3⋅3H2O
Li2O
LiH2PO4
Li3PO4
Li3PO4⋅12H2O
LiC7H5O3
Li2SO4
Li2SO4⋅H2O†
LiHSO4
Lu
Mg
Mg(C2H3O2)2
Mg(C2H3O2)2⋅4H2O†
MgO⋅Al2O3
281 .98
25 .94
69 .97
7 .95
23 .95
41 .96
68 .95
122 .99
29 .88
103 .93
115 .79
331 .98
144 .05
109 .94
127 .96
104 .01
174 .97
24 .31
142 .39
214 .45
142 .26
red, amor.
red-yel., amor.
brn., tet., 2.229
col., mn., 1.961
wh., mn. or rhb.,
1.8823
cr.
col., mn.
lead gray, cb., 3.912
col., mn.
silv. met. cb.
wh. leaflets
wh., delq., cb.,
1.784
wh. pr.
col., mn., 1.567
wh., delq., cb.,
1.662
wh. cr.
wh., cb., 1.3915
col., rhb.
wh., cb.
wh. cr.
col., mn.
col., trig., 1.735
col.
col ., 1 .644
col .
wh ., rhb .
wh ., trig .
col .
col ., mn ., 1 .465
col ., mn ., 1 .477
pr .
ammonium chloride
ammonium phosphate
(struvite)
ammonium sulfate
(boussingaultite)
benzoate
carbonate (magnesite)
carbonate (nesquehonite)
carbonate, basic
(hydromagnesite)
Magnesium chloride
(chloromagnesite)
chloride (bischofite)
hydroxide (brucite)
nitride
oxide (magnesia; periclase)
perchlorate
MgCl2⋅NH4Cl⋅6H2O
MgNH4PO4⋅6H2O
256 .79
245 .41
sulfate, acid
sulfate, basic (lanarkite)
sulfide (galena)
thiocyanate
Lithium
benzoate
bromide
bromide
carbonate
chloride
∗See also a table of alloys .
†
Usual commercial form .
MgSO4⋅(NH4)2SO4⋅
6H2O
Mg(C7H5O2)2⋅3H2O
MgCO3
MgCO3⋅3H2O
3MgCO3⋅Mg(OH)2⋅3H2O
MgCl2
MgCl2⋅6H2O
Mg(OH)2
Mg3N2
MgO
Mg(ClO4)2†
†
360 .60
i.
i.
9.375
6.49
6.2
d. 500
d. 360
d. 290
766
1170
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.00280°
i.
i.
i.
6.92
7.5
3.82
0.5320°
d.
977
1120
d. 190
186
1336 ± 5
25 °
4
547
1265
0.000118°
0.004418°
0.0000918°
0.0520°
d.
3325°
1430° (2H2O)
2.110°
2.068 254°
44
618
614
d.
1360
24620°
1.540°
670°
3.464
2.29521.5°
1.46
0.820
2.54
1.83
2.38
2 .013 254°
2 .461
2 .53717 .5°
1 .645
d.
870
−H2O, 94
680
445
261
29.88
2 .22
2 .06
2 .12313°
silv . met ., hex .
wh .
wh ., mn . pr ., 1 .491
col . cb ., 1 .718–23
1 .7420°
1 .42
1 .454
3 .6
651
323
80
2135
wh ., rhb ., delq .
col ., rhb ., 1 .496
1 .456
1 .715
−4H2O, 195
d . 100
1 .72
wh . pd .
wh ., trig . 1 .700
col ., rhb ., 1 .501
wh ., rhb ., 1 .530
3 .037
1 .852
2 .16
−3H2O, 110
d . 350
−H2O, 100
d .
95 .21
col ., hex ., 1 .675
2 .32525°
712
wh ., delq ., mn ., 1 .507
wh ., trig ., 1 .5617
gn .-yel ., amor .
col ., cb ., 1 .7364
wh ., delq .
1 .56
2 .4
3 .65
2 .6025°
1110
>120
320 .58
84 .31
138 .36
365 .31
203 .30
58 .32
100 .93
40 .30
223 .21
925±
d.
subl . <1000
>100
837
100
d .
860
−H2O, 130
170 .5
col ., mn .
1670
118 d .
d .
d .
2800
d .
3600
0.72100°
127.5100°
66.7100°
0.13535°
346.6104°
0 .03418°
v . sl . s .
12826°
35 .340°
43 .60°
d .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
i .
v . s .
v . s .
i .
sl . s . d .
v . s .
v . s .
16 .7
0 .02310°
s .
0 .019580°
0°
25°
d .
i.
s.
d.
40100°
266100°
(1H2O)
61.215°
0.2718°
49.20°
d.
12.70°
22.310°
53.40°
v. s.
forms LiOH
16 .86
1412
0.005640°
17.5100°
26.880°
19470°
∞
29 .9100°
35100°
s. alk., PbAc, NH4Cl,
CaCl2
s. ac., h. HCl
s. a., alk.
s. ac., h. alk.; i. al.
s. a.
s. conc. a., NH4 salts; i. al.
sl. s. H2SO4
sl. s. H2SO4
s. a.; i. alk.
s. KCNS, HNO3
s. a., NH3
7.725°, 1078° al.
s. al., act.
s. al.
s. dil. a.; i. al., act., NH3
2.4815° al.; s. et.
sl. s. al., et.
s. HF; i. act.
sl. s. al., et.
i. et.
sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
s. al., NH3
s . a ., NH4Cl; i . act .
v . s . al .
i . act ., 80% al .
i . 80% al .
s . a ., NH4 salts
5 .2515° m . al .
v . s . al .
v . sl . s . dil . HCl; i . dil .
HNO3
s . a .; i . al .
100°
130
4 .5 (anh .)
0 .0106
0 .151819°
0 .04
d .
0 .011
s . act .
s . a ., aq . CO2; i . act ., NH3
s . a ., aq . CO2
s . a ., NH4 salts; i . al .
52 .80°
73100°
50 al .
0°
281
0 .000918°
i .
0 .00062
99 .625°
s .
100°
918
d .
v . s .
50 al .
s . NH4 salts, dil . a .
s . a .; i . al .
s . a ., NH4 salts; i . al .
2425 al ., 51 .825° m . al .;
0 .29 et .
(Continued )
2-15
2-16
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Magnesium (Cont.)
peroxide
phosphate, pyrophosphate, pyropotassium chloride (carnallite)
potassium sulfate (picromerite)
silicofluoride
sodium chloride
sulfate
sulfate (epsom salt; epsomite)
Manganese
acetate
acetate
carbonate (rhodocrosite)
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
2.59822°
2.56
°
1.60 19.4
4
2.15
°
1.788 17.5
4
expl. 275
1383
−3H2O, 100
265
d. 72
d.
MgO2
Mg2P2O7
Mg2P2O7⋅3H2O
MgCl2⋅KCl⋅6H2O
MgSO4⋅K2SO4⋅6H2O
MgSiF6⋅6H2O
MgCl2⋅NaCl⋅H2O
MgSO4
MgSO4⋅7H2O∗
Mn
Mn(C2H3O2)2
Mn(C2H3O2)2⋅4H2O∗
MnCO3
56 .30
222 .55
276 .60
277 .85
402 .72
274 .47
171 .67
120 .37
246 .47
54 .94
173 .03
245 .09
114 .95
wh. pd.
col., mn., 1.604
wh., amor.
delq., rhb., 1.475
mn., 1.4629
col., trig., 1.3439
col.
col.
col., rhb., 1.4554
gray-pink met.
chloride (scacchite)
chloride
MnCl2
MnCl2⋅4H2O∗
125 .84
197 .91
chloride, perhydroxide (ous) (pyrochroite)
hydroxide (ic) (manganite)
nitrate
oxide (ous) (manganosite)
oxide (ic)
oxide, di- (pyrolusite;
polianite)
sulfate (ous)
sulfate (ous) (szmikite)
MnCl4
Mn(OH)2
Mn2O3⋅H2O
Mn(NO3)2⋅6H2O
MnO
Mn2O3
MnO2∗
196 .75
88 .95
175 .89
287 .04
70 .94
157 .87
86 .94
rose, delq., cb.
rose red, delq., mn.
1 .575
gn .
wh ., trig .
brn ., rhb ., 2 .24
rose red, mn .
gray-gn ., cb ., 2 .16
brn .-bk ., cb .
bk ., rhb .
MnSO4
MnSO4⋅H2O
151 .00
169 .02
red-wh .
pa . pink, mn ., 1 .595
sulfate (ous)
MnSO4⋅2H2O
187 .03
2 .52615°
15°
sulfate (ous)
MnSO4⋅3H2O
205 .05
sulfate (ous)
MnSO4⋅4H2O∗
223 .06
sulfate (ous)
MnSO4⋅5H2O
241 .08
sulfate (ous)
MnSO4⋅6H2O
259 .09
sulfate (ous)
sulfate (ic)
Mercuric acetate
bromide
carbonate, basic
chloride (corrosive sublimate)
fulminate
hydroxide
oxide (montroydite)
oxychloride (kleinite)
silicofluoride, basic
sulfate
sulfate, basic (turpeth)
Mercurous acetate
bromide
carbonate
pa. pink, mn.
rose, trig., 1.817
2.66
1.68
7.220°
1.74 204°
1.589
3.125
1185
70 d.
1260
2.977 254°
2.01
650
58.0
3 .25818°
3 .258
1 .8221°
5 .18
4 .81
5 .026
d .
d .
25 .8
1650
−0, 1080
−0, >230
3 .235
2 .87
700
Stable 57 to
117
Stable 40 to 57
2 .356
pink, rhb . or mn .,
1 .518
pink, tri ., 1 .508
2 .107
15°
2 .103
MnSO4⋅7H2O
277 .11
pink, mn . or rhb .
2 .092
Mn2(SO4)3
Hg(C2H3O2)2
HgBr2
HgCO3⋅2HgO
HgCl2
Hg(CNO)2
Hg(OH)2
HgO
HgCl2⋅3HgO
HgSiF6⋅HgO⋅3H2O
HgSO4
HgSO4⋅2HgO
HgC2H3O2
HgBr
Hg2CO3
398 .06
318 .68
360 .40
693 .78
271 .50
284 .62
234 .60
216 .59
921 .26
613 .30
296 .65
729 .83
259 .63
280 .49
461 .19
gn ., delq . cr .
wh . pl .
wh ., rhb .
brn .-red
wh ., rhb ., 1 .859
cb .
3 .24
3 .270
6 .053
yel . or red, rhb ., 2 .5
yel ., hex .
yel . nd .
wh ., rhb .
yel ., tet .
wh . sc .
wh ., tet .
yel . pd .
11 .14
7 .93
5 .44
4 .42
6 .47
6 .44
7 .307
Boiling
point, °C
Hot water
i.
i.
sl. s.
d.
81.775°
s.
s.
68.3100°
17840°
63.40°
1518°
123.8100°
∞
s. al., m. al.
s. aq. CO2, dil. a.; l.
NH3, al.
s. al.; i. et., NH3
s . al .; i . et .
129 .5
s .
0 .00220°
i .
4260°
i .
i .
i .
s .
i .
i .
∞
i .
i .
i .
s . al ., et .
s . a ., NH4 salts; i . alk .
s . h . H2SO4
v . s . al .
s . a ., NH4Cl
s . a .; i . act .
s . HCl; i . HNO3, act .
d . 850
530°
98 .4748°
7350°
79 .77100°
s . al .; i . et .
85 .2735°
106 .855°
1900
1190
−H2O, 106;
−4H2O, 200
5°
Stable 30 to 40
−4H2O, 450
s.
64.550°
74 .22
99 .3157°
13616°
16950°
5°
142
200
Stable −5 to
+8
Stable −10 to
−5; 19 d .
d . 160
d .
237
2040°
2479°
d .
d .
subl . 345
d . 130
−7H2O, 280
322
304
0°
25114°
v . s .
2510°
0 .520°
i .
3 .60°
sl . s .
i .
0 .005225°
i .
d .
d .
0 .005
0 .7513°
7 × 10−9
i .
d .
100100°
25100°
176
s. a.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. al.
d. al.
d. HF
s. al.
s. al.
s. dil. a.
i . al .
35°
Stable 8 to 18
277
expl .
−H2O, 175
d . 100
d . 260
Other reagents
i.
i.
i.
64.519° d.
19.260°
64.817.5°
s.
26.90°
72.40°
d.
s.
s.
0.006525°
d.
Stable 18 to 30
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
61 .3100°
i .
0 .041100°
d .
0 .167100°
d .
i .
d .
s . HCl, dil . H2SO4; l .
s . al . sl . d .
25 .20° al .; v . sl . s . et .
s . aq . CO2, NH4Cl
3325° 99% al .; 33 et .
s . NH4OH, al .
s . a .
s . a .; i . al .
s . HCl
s . a .
s . a .; i . al ., act ., NH8
s . a .; i . al .
s . H2SO4, HNO3; i . al .
s . a .; i . al ., act .
s . NH4Cl
HgCl
236 .04
wh., tet., 1.9733
7.150
302
383.7
0.00140°
0.000743°
iodide
nitrate
Mercurous oxide
HgI
HgNO3⋅H2O
Hg2O
327 .49
280 .61
417 .18
yel., tet.
wh. mn.
bk.
7.70
4.7853.9°
9.8
290 d.
70
d. 100
subl. 140; 310d.
expl.
2 × 10−8
v. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
d.
0.0007
sulfate
Mercury†
Molybdenum
Hg2SO4
Hg
Mo
497 .24
200 .59
95 .94
wh., mn.
silv. lq. or hex.(?)
gray, cb.
7.56
13.54620°
10.2
d.
−38.87
2620 ± 10
0.05516.5°
i.
i.
0.092100°
i.
i.
MoCl2
166 .85
yel., amor.
3.714 254°
d.
i.
i.
25 °
4
d.
i.
d.
chloride (calomel)
MoCl3
202 .30
dark red pd.
chloride, tetra-
MoCl4
237 .75
brn., delq.
volt.
d.
s.
d.
chloride, penta-
MoCl5
273 .21
bk. cr.
2.928 254°
194
268
s.
d.
MoO3
MoS2
MoS3
MoS4
H2MoO4
H2MoO4⋅H2O
Nd
Ne
143 .94
160 .07
192 .14
224 .20
161 .95
161 .95
144 .24
20 .18
col., rhb.
bk., hex., 4.7
red-brn.
brn. pd.
yel-wh., hex.
yel., mn.
yellowish
col. gas
4.5019.5°
4.80114°
795
1185
d.
d.
d. 115
−H2O, 70
840
−248.67
subl.
0.10718°
i.
sl. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
0.13318°
d.
2.60° cc
2.10679°
i.
s.
i.
sl. s.
2.1370°
s. aq. reg., Hg(NO3)2;
sl. s. HNO3, HCl;
i. al., etc.
s. KI; i. al.
s. HNO3; i. al., et.
s. h. ac.; i. alk., dil. HCl,
NH3
s. H2SO4, HNO3
s. HNO3; i. HCl
s. h. conc. H2SO4; i.
HCl, HF, NH3, dil.
H2SO4, Hg
s. HCl, H2SO4, NH4OH,
al., et.
s. HNO3, H2SO4; v. sl. s.
al., et.
s. HNO3, H2SO4; sl. s.
al., et.
s. HNO3, H2SO4; i. abs.
al., et.
s. a., NH4OH
s. H2SO4, aq. reg.
s. alk. sulfides
s. alk. sulfides; i. NH3
s. NH4OH, H2SO4; i. NH
s. a., NH4OH, NH4, salts
1.145° cc
s. lq. O2, al., act., bz.
i.
s. dil. HNO3; sl. s. H2SO4,
HCl; i. NH3
i. al.
chloride, dichloride, tri-
oxide, tri- (molybdite)
sulfide, di- (molybdenite)
sulfide, trisulfide, tetraMolybdic acid
Molybdic acid
Neodymium
Neon
Neptunium
Nickel
acetate
ammonium chloride
ammonium sulfate
Np
Ni
239
239 .05
58 .69
1.798
1.645
1.923
d.
2.575
4.64 284°
carbonyl
chloride
chloride
170 .73
129 .60
237 .69
chloride, ammonia
cyanide
dimethylglyoxime
NiCl2⋅6NH3
Ni(CN)2⋅4H2O
NiC8H14O4N4
lq.
yel., delq.
gn., delq., mn.,
1.57±
231 .78
182 .79
288 .91
gn. pl.
scarlet red cr.
formate
hydroxide (ic)
hydroxide (ous)
nitrate
nitrate, ammonia
oxide, mono- (bunsenite)
Ni(HCO2)2⋅2H2O
Ni(OH)3
Ni(OH)2⋅¼H2O
Ni(NO3)2⋅6H2O
Ni(NO3)2⋅4NH3⋅2H2O
NiO
184 .76
109 .72
97 .21
290 .79
286 .86
74 .69
2-17
potassium cyanide
sulfate
∗Usual commercial form .
†
See also Tables 2-28 and 2-280 .
Ni(CN)2⋅2KCN⋅H2O
NiSO4
258 .97
154 .76
1.3117°
3.544
gn. cr.
bk.
lt. gn.
gn., mn.
4.36
2.05
gn .-bk ., cb ., 2 .37
7 .45
red yel ., mn .
yel ., cb .
2.154
11°
1 .875
3 .68
−245.9
Produced by Neutron bombardment of U
1452
2900
i.
gn. pr.
gn., delq., mn.
blue-gn., mn.,
1.5007
gn., cb.
yel., delq.
gn., delq.
vl. pd.
trig.
lt. gn., rhb.
lt. gn.
1.837
3.715
−2H2O, 200
238
8.9020
176 .78
291 .18
394 .99
422 .59
218 .50
272 .55
320 .68
841 .29
118 .70
587 .59
3.12415°
6.920°
lq. 1.204−245.9°
0.674 (A)
silv. met., cb.
Ni(C2H3O2)2
NiCl2⋅NH4Cl⋅6H2O
NiSO4⋅(NH4)2SO4⋅
6H2O
Ni(BrO3)2⋅6H2O
NiBr2
NiBr2⋅3H2O
NiBr2⋅6NH3
NiPtBr6⋅6H2O
NiCO3
2NiCO3⋅3Ni(OH)2⋅
4H2O
Ni(CO)4
NiCl2
NiCl2⋅6H2O∗
bromate
bromide
bromide
bromide, ammonia
bromoplatinate
carbonate
carbonate, basic
3.578
356.9
3700
16.6
15025°
2.53.5°
v. s.
39.288°
d.
d.
−3H2O, 200
28
112.80°
1999°
v. s.
156100°
316100°
d.
s. NH4OH
s. al., et., NH4OH
s. al., et., NH4OH
i. c. NH4OH
d.
d.
0.009325°
i.
i.
d.
s. a.
s. a., NH4 salts
0.0189.8°
53.80°
180
i.
87.6100°
v. s.
s. aq. reg., HNO3, al., et.
s. NH4OH, al.; i. NH3
v. s. al.
s.
i.
i.
d.
i.
i.
s. NH4OH; i. al.
s. KCN; i. dil. KCl
s. abs. al., a.; i. ac.,
NH4OH
i.
v. sl. s.
∞56 .7°
−25
subl.
43751mm
973
−4H2O, 200
subl. 250
d.
d.
d.
d.
56.7
Forms Ni2O3
at 400
−H2O, 100
−SO3, 840
136.7
v. sl. s. (NH4)2SO4
s.
i.
v. sl. s.
243.00°
v . s .
i .
i .
s. a., NH4OH, NH4Cl
s. a., NH4OH; i. alk.
s . NH4OH; i . abs . al .
i . al .
s . a ., NH4OH
s .
27 .20°
76 .7100°
d . a .
i . al ., et ., act .
(Continued )
2-18
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
Nickel (Cont.)
sulfate
NiSO4⋅6H2O∗
262 .85
sulfate (morenosite)
Nitric acid
Nitric acid
Nitric acid
Nitro acid sulfite
Nitrogen
NiSO4⋅7H2O
HNO3
HNO3⋅H2O
HNO3⋅3H2O
NO2HSO3
N2
280 .86
63 .01
81 .03
117 .06
127 .08
28 .01
Nitrogen oxide, mono- (ous)
N2O
44 .01
col . gas
oxide, di- (ic)
NO or (NO)2
col . gas
oxide, tri-
N2O3
30 .01
60 .01
76 .01
gn. mn. or blue, tet.,
1.5109
gn., rhb., 1.4893
col. lq.
col . lq .
col . lq .
col ., rhb .
col . gas or cb . cr .
red-brn . gas or blue
lq . or solid
yel . lq ., col . solid,
red-brn . gas
wh ., rhb .
oxide, tetra- (per- or di-)
NO2 or (NO2)2
oxide, penta-
N2O5
46 .01
92 .01
108 .01
oxybromide
oxychloride
NOBr
NOCl
109 .91
65 .46
brn . lq .
red-yel . lq . or gas
Nitroxyl chloride
Osmium
chloride, dichloride, trichloride, tetraOxygen
NO2Cl
Os
OsCl2
OsCl3
OsCl4
O2
81 .46
190 .23
261 .14
296 .59
332 .04
32 .00
yel .-brn . gas
blue, hex .
gn ., delq .
brn ., cb .
red-yel . nd .
col . gas or hex . solid
Ozone
O3
48 .00
Palladium
Pd
106 .42
silv . met ., cb .
PdBr2
PdCl2
PdCl2⋅2H2O
Pd(CN)2
266 .23
177 .33
213 .36
158 .45
brn .
brn ., cb .
brn . pr .
yel .
Pd2H
Pd(NH3)2Cl2
HClO4
HClO4⋅H2O
HClO4⋅2H2O∗
73 .6% anh .
HIO4
HIO4⋅2H2O
HMnO4
HMoO4⋅2H2O
H2S2O8
PONH2⋅(OH)2
H7P(Mo2O7)6⋅28H2O
PH3
213 .85
211 .39
100 .46
118 .47
136 .49
met .
red or yel ., tet .
unstable, col . lq
fairly stable nd .
stable lq ., col .
bromide (ous)
chloride
chloride
cyanide
hydride
Palladous dichlorodiammine
Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid
Periodic acid
Periodic acid
Permanganic acid
Permolybdic acid
Persulfuric acid
Phosphamic acid
Phosphatomolybdic acid
Phosphine
Phosphonium chloride
PH4Cl
191 .91
227 .94
119 .94
196 .98
194 .14
97 .01
2365 .71
34 .00
70 .46
col . gas
wh . cr .
delq ., mn .
exists only in solution
wh . cr .
hyg . cr .
cb .
yel . cb .
col . gas
wh ., cb .
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
Other reagents
2.07
tr. 53.3
−6H2O, 280
13150°
280100°
v. s. NH4OH, al.
1.948
1.502
98–100
−42
−38
−18 .5
73 d .
−209 .86
−6H2O, 103
86
117.830°
∞
∞
∞
−195 .8
63.50°
∞
∞
263−20°
d .
2 .350° cc
s. al.
expl . with al .
d . al .
d . al .
s . H2SO4
sl . s . al .
−102 .3
−90 .7
130 .520° cc
−161
−151
7 .340° cc
60 .8224°
cc
0 .0100°
−102
3 .5
s .
1 .026−252 .5°
0 .808−195 .8°
12 .50° (D)
lq . 1 .226−89°
1 .530 (A)
lq . 1 .269−150 .2°
1 .0367 (A)
1 .4472°
20°
1 .448
−9 .3
21 .3
d .
1 .6318°
30
47
s .
>1 .0
1 .417−12°
2 .31 (A)
lq . 1 .3214°
22 .4820°
−55 .5
−64 .5
−2
−5 .5
d .
d .
<−30
2700
5
>5300
26 .6 cc al .; 3 .5 cc H2SO4;
s . aq . FeSO4
s . a ., et .
s . HNO3, H2SO4, chl .,
CS2
Forms
HNO3
s . fuming H2SO4
−218 .4
−183
−251
−112
0 .4940° cc
060° cc
s . oil turp ., oil cinn .
1555
2200
i .
i .
i .
s .
s .
i .
i .
s .
s .
i .
s . aq . reg ., h . H2SO4;
i . NH3
s . HBr
s . HCl, act ., al .
s . HCl, act ., al .
s . HCN, KCN, NH4OH;
i . dil . a .
500 d .
d .
11 .06
2 .5
1 .768 224°
1 .88
1 .71 254°
s . H2SO4, al .
d
i .
s . d .
sl . s .
s . d .
4 .890° cc
d . 560–600
1 .14−188°
1 .426−252 .5°
1 .1053 (A)
1 .71−183°
3 .03−80°
1 .658 (A)
12 .020°
111550°
1 .5520° cc
i .
2 .630° cc
1 .7100° cc
sl . s . aq . reg ., HNO3; i . NH3
s . NaCl, al ., et .
s . a ., alk ., al .; sl . s . et .
s . HCl, al .
sl . s . al ., s . fused Ag
d .
−90°
lq . 0 .746
1 .146 (A)
−112
50
−17 .8
1618mm
d .
200
d . 138
d . 110
subl . 110
<60
d .
78
−132 .5
46atm .
28
s .
s .
s .
v . s .
−25H2O, 140
−85
s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
2617° cc
subl .
d .
s . a ., NH4OH
s . al .
v . s .
d .
v . s .
d .
v . s . d .
100°
i .
sl . s . al ., et .
d . al .
i . al .
s . HNO8
s . Cu2Cl2, al ., et .
Phosphoric acid, hypoPhosphoric acid, meta-
H4P2O6
HPO3
Phosphoric acid, orthoPhosphoric acid, pyro-
†
4
H3PO
H4P2O7
98 .00
177 .98
col., rhb.
wh. nd.
1.834
Phosphorous acid, hypoPhosphorous acid, orthoPhosphorous acid, pyroPhosphorus, black
Phosphorus, red
Phosphorus, yellow
H3PO2
H3PO3
H4P2O5
P4
P4
P4
66 .00
82 .00
145 .98
123 .90
123 .90
123 .90
syrupy
col .
nd .
rhombohedral
red, cb .
yel ., hex ., 2 .1168
1.49318.8°
1 .65121 .2°
PCl3
PCl5
137 .33
208 .24
col ., fuming lq .
delq ., tet .
chloride, trichloride, pentaoxide, pentaoxychloride
Phosphotungstic acid
Platinum
chloride (ic)
chloride (ous)
chloride (ic)
cyanide (ous)
Plutonium
Plutonium
Potassium
P2O5
POCl3
H3PO4⋅12WO3⋅xH2O
Pt
PtCl4
161 .98
79 .98
141 .94
153 .33
2880 .05
195 .08
336 .89
cr.
vitreous, delq.
wh ., delq ., amor .
col ., fuming lq .
yel .-gn . cr .
silv . met ., cb .
18.2°
2 .69
2 .2020°
1 .8220°; lq .
1 .74544 .5°
°
1 .574 20.8
4
solid 1 .6;
3 .60295° (A)
2 .387
1 .675
21 .4520°
lq . 191755°
brn .
PtCl2
265 .98
brn .
PtCl4⋅8H2O
Pt(CN)2
Pu
Pu
K
481 .01
247 .11
238 .05
239 .05
39 .10
red, mn .
yel .-brn .
acetate
KC2H3O2
98 .14
acetate, acid
KH(C2H3O2)2
158 .19
aluminate
K2(AlO2)2⋅3H2O
250 .20
amide
KNH2
55 .12
arsenate (monobasic)
KH2AsO4
180 .03
auricyanide
KAu(CN)4⋅1⋅5H2O
367 .16
aurocyanide
KAu(CN)2
288 .10
bicarbonate
KHCO3
100 .12
bisulfate
KHSO4
136 .17
bromate
KBrO3
167 .00
bromide
KBr
119 .00
carbonate
K2CO3
138 .21
carbonate
K2CO3⋅2H2O
174 .24
carbonate
2K2CO3⋅3H3O
330 .46
chlorate
KClO3
122 .55
chloride (sylvite)
KCl
74 .55
chloroplatinate
K2PtCl6
485 .99
chromate (tarapacaite)
K2CrO4
194 .19
cyanate
KCNO
81 .12
cyanide
KCN
65 .12
dichromate
K2Cr2O7
294 .18
ferricyanide
K3Fe(CN)6
329 .24
ferrocyanide
K4Fe(CN)6⋅3H2O
422 .39
formate
KHCO2
84 .12
hydride
KH
40 .11
hydrosulfide
KHS
72 .17
hydroxide
KOH
56 .11
iodate
KIO3
214 .00
iodide
KI
166 .00
∗One commercial form 70 to 72 per cent .
†
Common commercial form 85 per cent H3PO4 in aqueous solution .
2.2–2.5
silv . met ., cb .
wh . pd .
delq . nd . or pl .
cr .
yel .-grn .
col ., tet ., 1 .5674
pl .
rhb .
mn ., 1 .482
rhb ., or mn ., 1 .480
trig .
col ., cb ., 1 .5594
wh ., delq . pd ., 1 .531
rhb .
mn .
col ., mn ., 1 .5167
col ., cb ., 1 .4904
yel ., cb ., 1 .825±
yel ., rhb ., 1 .7261
wh ., tet .
wh ., cb ., delq ., 1 .410
red, tri .
red, mn . pr ., 1 .5689
yel ., mn ., 1 .5772
col ., rhb .
cb ., 1 .453
wh ., delq ., rhb .
wh ., delq ., rhb .
col ., mn .
wh ., cb ., 1 .6670
55
subl.
d. 70
s.
s.
26°
42.35
61
−½H2O, 213
2340
80028°
26.5
74
38
d.
d . 200
d . 130
ign . in air, 400
ign . in air, 725
280
∞
307 .30°
d .
i .
i .
0 .0003
−111 .8
148 under
pressure
subl . 250
2
75 .95760mm
subl . 160
d .
d .
1755
4300
59043atm .
44 .1; ign . 34
107 .2760mm
Forms H3PO4
d .
s .
i .
25°
45062°
Forms
H3PO4
v. s.
Forms
H3PO4
∞
73040°
i . CS2
s . alk .; i . CS2, NH3, et .
0 .4 al .; 100010° CS2; 1 .50°,
1081° bs .; s . NH3
s . et ., chl ., CS2
s . CS2, C6H5COCl
v . s .
s . H2SO4; i . NH3, act .
d . al .
s . al ., et .
s . aq . reg ., fused alk .
i .
140
v . s .
5 .87
d . 581
i .
i .
2 .43
−4H2O, 100
v . s .
i .
v . s .
i .
Produced by deuteron bombardment on U238
Produced by neutron bombardment on U238
0 .8620°
62 .3
760
lq . 0 .8342°
1 .8
292
148
d . 200
2 .867
2 .17
2 .35
3 .2717 .5°
2 .7525°
2 .29
2 .043
2 .13
2 .32
1 .988
3 .499
2 .73218°
2 .048
1 .5216°
2 .69
1 .84
1 .85317°
1 .91
0 .80
2 .0
2 .044
3 .89
3 .13
338
288
d . 200
d . 100–200
210
370 d .
730
891
368
790
d . 250
975
634 .5
398
d .
−3HO2, 70
167 .5
d .
455
380
560
723
subl . 400
d .
1380
d .
d . 400
1500
d .
d .
1320
1330
d .
0°
217
d .
s .
d .
18 .876°
s .
14 .3
22 .40°
36 .30°
3 .110°
53 .50°
105 .50°
1830°
129 .40°
3 .30°
27 .60°
0 .740°
58 .00°
s .
s .
4 .90°
334 .4°
27 .812 .2°
33118°
d .
s .
970°
4 .730°
127 .50°
s. al.
v. s. al., et.
i .
i .
sl . s .
d . 370
11°
i. lq. CO2
Forms
KOH
39690°
d .
v . s .
v . s .
200100°
6060°
121 .6100°
49 .75100°
104100°
156100°
331100°
268100°
57100°
56 .7100°
5 .2100°
75 .6100°
d .
122 .2108 .8°
80100°
77 .5100°
90 .696 .8°
65790°
s . d .
178100°
32 .2100°
208100°
s . al ., act .; sl . s . NH2;
i . et .
s . HCl, NH4OH; sl . s .
NH3; i . al ., et .
s . al ., et .
i . alk .
s . a ., al ., Hg
33 al .; i . et .
s . ac .
s . alk .; i al .
d . al .; 3 .625° NH3
i . al .
s . al .
sl . s . al .; i . et .
i . satd . K2CO3, al .
d . al .
sl . s . al .; i . act .
sl . s . al ., et .
i . al .
0 .83 al .; s . alk .
s . al ., alk .
i . al ., et .
i . al .
v . sl . s . al .
s . gly .; 0 .919 .5° al .; 1 .3 h . al .
i . al .
s . act .; sl . s . al .; i . NH3
s . act .; i . NH3, al ., et .
sl . s . al .; i . et .
i . et ., bz ., CS2
s . al .
v . s . al ., et .; i . NH3
s . KI; i . al ., NH3
420° al .; s . NH3; sl . s . et .
(Continued )
2-19
2-20
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
Potassium (Cont.)
iodide, triiodoplatinate
manganate
metabisulfite
nitrate (saltpeter)
nitrite
oxalate
oxalate, acid
oxalate, acid
oxide
perchlorate
permanganate
persulfate
phosphate, monobasic
KI3
K2PtI6
K2MnO4
K2S2O5
KNO3
KNO2
K2C2O4⋅H2O
KHC2O4∗
KHC2O4⋅½H2O
K2O
KClO4
KMnO4
K2S2O3
KH2PO4
419 .81
1034 .70
197 .13
222 .32
101 .10
85 .10
184 .23
128 .13
137 .13
94 .20
138 .55
158 .03
190 .32
136 .09
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, metaphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophthalate, acid
platinocyanide
silicate
silicate, tetrasulfate (arcanite)
sulfate, pyrosulfide, monosulfite
sulfite, acid
tartrate
tartrate, acid
thiocyanate
K2HPO4
K3PO4
KPO3
K4P4O12⋅2H2O
K4P2O7⋅3H2O
KHC8H4O4
K2Pt(CN)4⋅3H2O
K2SiO3
K2Si4O9⋅H2O
K2SO4
K2S2O7
K2S⋅5H2O
K2SO3⋅2H2O
KHSO3
K2C4H4O6⋅½H2O
KHC4H4O6∗
KCNS
174 .18
212 .27
118 .07
508 .31
384 .38
204 .22
431 .39
154 .28
352 .55
174 .26
254 .32
200 .34
194 .29
120 .17
235 .28
188 .18
97 .18
thiosulfate
thiosulfate
Praseodymium
Radium
bromide
Radon (Niton)
K2S2O3
3K2S2O3⋅H2O
Pr
Ra
RaBr2
Rn
190 .32
588 .99
140 .91
226 .03
385 .83
222 .02
dark blue, delq., mn.
cb.
gn., rhb.
mn., pl.
col., rhb., 1.5038
pr.
wh., mn.
mn., 1.545
trimetric
wh., cb.
col., rhb., 1.4737
purple, rhb.
wh., tri., 1.4669
col., delq., tet.,
1.5095
wh., delq.
wh., rhb.
wh. pd.
amor.
delq.
wh. cr.
yel., rhb., 1.62±
hyg. 1.521±
rhb., 1.530
col., rhb., 1.4947
col.
rhb., delq.
wh., rhb.
wh., mn.
col., mn., 1.526
col., rhb.
col., delq., mn.,
1.660±
col., cb.
delq., mn.
yel.
wh., met.
wh., mn.
gas
Rhenium
Re
186 .21
hex.
Rhodium
chloride
chloride
Rubidium
Rh
RhCl3
RhCl3⋅4H2O
Rb
102 .91
209 .26
281 .33
85 .47
gray-wh., cb.
red
dark red
silv. wh.
Ruthenium
Ruthenium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenic acid
Selenic acid
Selenium
Selenium
Ru
Ru
Sm (also Sa)
Sc
H2SeO4
H2SeO4⋅H2O
Se8
Se8
101 .07
101 .07
150 .36
44 .96
144 .97
162 .99
631 .68
631 .68
bk., porous
gray, hex.
hex. pr.
nd .
red pd ., amor ., 2 .92
gray, trig ., 3 .00; red,
hex .
Specific
gravity
3.498
5.18
10.6°
2.11
1.915
2.13
2.0
2.32 204°
2.524 114°
2.703
2.338
2.56417°
2.25814.5°
2.26414.5°
2.33
1.63
2.4516°
2.417
2.662
2.277
1.98
1.956
1.886
2.23
6.520°
5?
5.79
lq. 5.5; 111
(D)
Melting
point, °C
45
d. 190
d. 150
tr. 129; 333
297
d.
d.
d.
Boiling
point, °C
d. 225
d. 400
d. 350
d. 400
d. <240
d. <100
256
d.
1340
tr. 450; 798
−2H2O, 100
−2H2O, 180
d.
976
d. 400
tr. 588
300
60
d.
d. 190
172.3
d. 400
−H2O, 180
940
960
728
−71
1320
d.
−3H2O, 300
−3H2O, 150
d.
d. 500
d.
1140
subl. 900
−62
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
v. s.
s.
d.
250°
13.30°
2810°
28.70°
14.350°
2.20°
Forms KOH
0.750°
2.830°
1.770°
14.80°
Hot water
s. KI, al.
12094°
246100°
413100°
83.2100°
48.1100°
51.5100°
v. s.
21.8100°
32.3575°
1040°
83.590°
3325°
193.125°
s.
s.
s.
10.225°
sl. s.
s.
s.
7.350°
s.
s.
100
45.515°
12.517.5°
0.370°
1770°
v. s.
v. s.
s.
83
v. s.
36
v. s.
s.
s.
24.1100°
d.
96.10°
311.290°
d.
d. +H2
7020°
510° cc
s.
8.560° cc
>100
91.575°
278100°
6.1100°
21720°
3440
12.5
1955
d. 450
>2500
subl. 800±
lq. 1.47588.5;
1.5320°
8.6
12.220°
7.7
2.5?
2.950 154°
2 .627 154°
4 .2625°
4 .80; 4 .50
38.5
>1950
2450
>1300
1200
58
26
50
220
Other reagents
s. KOH
sl. s. al.; i. et.
0.130° al.; i. et.
v. s. NH3; sl. s. al.
s. al., et.
0.10520° m. al.; i. et.
s. H2SO4; d. al.
i. al.
i. al.
sl. s. al.
i. al.
s. a.
i. al.
s. al., et.
i. al.
i. al.
i. al., act., CS2
s. al., gly.; i. et.
sl. s. al.; i. NH3
i. abs. al.
sl. s. al.
s. a., alk.; i. al., ac.
20.822° act.; s. al.
i. al.
d. a.
s. al.
i. HF, HCl; s. H2SO4;
HNO3
sl. s. aq. reg., a.
v. sl. s. alk.; i. aq. reg., a.
s. HCl, al.; i. et.
s. a., al.
i.
i.
700
i.
i.
v. s.
d.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s. aq. reg., a.
>2700
2400
260
205
688
688
130030°
v . s .
i .
i .
∞60°
s . H2SO4; d . al .; i . NH3
i .
i .
s . CS2, H2SO4, CH2I2
s . CS2, H2SO4
Selenium
Selenous acid
Silicic acid, metaSilicic acid, orthoSilicon, crystalline
Se8
H2SeO3
H2SiO3
H4SiO4
Si
Silicon, graphitic
Si
Silicon, amorphous
carbide
chloride, trichloride, tetra-
Si
SiC
Si2Cl6
SiCl4
28.09
40.10
268.89
169.90
SiF4
SiH4
SiO2⋅xH2O
SiO2
104.08
32.12
SiO2
SiO2
SiO2
Ag
AgBr
60.08
60.08
60.08
107.87
187.77
carbonate
chloride (cerargyrite)
Ag2CO3
AgCl
cyanide
nitrate (lunar caustic)
Sodium
steel gray
hex.
amor., 1.41
amor.
gray, cb., 3.736
4.825°
3.004 154°
2.1–2.3
1.57617°
2.420°
cr.
2.0–2.5
brn., amor.
blue-bk., trig., 2.654
lf. or lq.
col., fuming lq.,
1.412
gas
col. gas
iridescent, amor.
col., cb. or tet.,
1.487
2
3.17
1.580°
1.50
2600
i.
900°
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
40090°
i.
sl. s.
i.
2600
i.
i.
>2700
−1
−70
2600
subl. 2200
144760mm
57.6
i.
i.
d.
d.
i.
i.
3.57 (A)
lq. 0.68−185°
2.2
2.32
−95.7
−185
1600–1750
1710
−651810mm
−112760mm
subl. 1750
2230
v. s. d.
i.
i.
i.
hex., 1.5442
trig., rhb., 1.469
silv. met., cb.
pa. yel., cb., 2.252
2.20
2.65020°
2.26
10.520°
6.473 254°
tr. <1425
tr. 1670
960.5
434
2230
2230
2230
1950
d. 700
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.0000220°
i.
i.
275.75
143.32
yel. pd.
wh., cb., 2.071
6.077
5.56
218 d.
455
1550
0.00320°
0.00008910°
0.05100°
0.00217100°
AgCN
AgNO3
Na
133.89
169.87
22.99
wh., 1.685±
col., rhb., 1.744
silv. met, cb.
3.95
4.352 194°
0.9720°
−(CN)2, 320
212
97.5
444 d.
880
acetate
acetate
aluminate
amide
ammonium phosphate
antimonate, metaarsenate
arsenate, acid (monobasic)
arsenate, acid (dibasic)
arsenate, acid (dibasic)
arsenite, acid
benzoate
bicarbonate
bifluoride
bisulfate
bisulfite
borate, tetraborate, tetra
NaC2H3O2
NaC2H3O2⋅3H2O
NaAlO2
NaNH2
NaNH4HPO4⋅4H2O
2NaSbO3⋅7H2O
Na3AsO4⋅12H2O
NaH2AsO4⋅H2O
Na2HAsO4⋅7H2O∗
Na2HAsO4⋅12H2O
Na2HAsO3
NaC7H5O2
NaHCO3
NaHF2
NaHSO4
NaHSO3
Na2B4O7
Na2B4O7⋅5H2O
82.03
136.08
81.97
39.01
209.07
511.60
424.07
181.94
312.01
402.09
169.91
144.10
84.01
61.99
120.06
104.06
201.22
291.30
wh., mn., 1.464
wh., mn.
amor.
olive gn.
col., mn.
cb.
hex., 1.4589
rhb., 1.5535
col., mn., 1.4658
mn., 1.4496
col.
col. cr.
wh., mn., 1.500
col. cr.
col., tri.
col., mn., 1.526
1.528
1.45
324
58
1650
210
79 d.
col., rhb., 1.461
2.742
1.48
2.367
1.815
borate, tetra- (borax)
Na2B4O7⋅10H2O∗
381.37
wh., mn., 1.4694
1.73
fluoride
hydride (silane)
oxide, di- (opal)
oxide, di- (cristobalite)
oxide, di- (lechatelierite)
oxide, di- (quartz)
oxide, di- (tridymite)
Silver
bromide (bromyrite)
631.68
128.97
78.10
96.11
28.09
28.09
60.08
1.574
217
d.
688
1420
400
1.759
2.535
1.871
1.72
1.87
86.3
d. 100
125
28
2.20
−CO2, 270
d.
>315
d.
741
d., −H2O
75
−10H2O, 200
17.5°
bromate
bromide
bromide
NaBrO3
NaBr
NaBr⋅2H2O
150.89
102.89
138.92
col., cb.
col., cb., 1.6412
col., mn.
3.339
3.20517.5°
2.176
381
755
50.7
carbonate (soda ash)
carbonate
Na2CO3
Na2CO3⋅H2O
105.99
124.00
2.533
1.55
851
−H2O, 100
carbonate
carbonate (sal soda)
Na2CO3⋅7H2O
Na2CO3⋅10H2O
232.10
286.14
wh. pd., 1.535
wh., rhb., 1.506–
1.509
rhb. or trig.
wh., mn., 1.425
1.51
1.46
d. 35.1
∗Usual commercial form.
−3H2O, 120
−7H2O, 100
−12H2O, 100
0.00002220°
1220°
d., forms
NaOH
46.520°
v. s.
s.
d.
16.7
0.03112.8°
26.717°
s.
6115°
5.590.1°
v. s.
62.525°
6.90°
3.720°
500°
sl. s.
1.30°
2262° (anh.)
d.
i.
0.00037100°
952100°
170100°
v. s.
v. s.
100
s. HNO3, al., et.
i. al., et.; d. KOH
s. HF, h. alk., fused CaCl2
s. HF; i. alk.
s. HF; i. alk.
s. HF; i. alk.
s. HF; i. alk.
s. HNO3, h. H2SO4; i. alk.
0.5118° NH4OH; s. KCN,
Na2S2O3
s. NH4OH, Na2S2O3; i. al.
s. NH4OH, KCN; sl. s.
HCl
s. NH4OH, KCN, HNO3
s. gly.; v. sl. s. al.
i. bz.; d. al.
2.118° al.
7.825° abs. al.
i. al.
d. al.
i. al.
sl. s. al., NH4 salts; i. ac.
1.67 al., 5015° gly.
v. s.
140.730°
sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
2.325°, 8.378° al.
i. al.
7.10°
s.
76.9100°
16.460°
s.
100100°
s.
8.7940°
52.3100°
(anh.)
20.380°
(anh.)
90.9100°
121100°
118.380°
(anh.)
48.5104°
s.
i. al., et.
s. gly.; i. al., et.
s.
21.50°
s.
23830°
i. al.
1.30.5 (anh.)
0°
1390
i.
i.
i. CS2; s. H2SO4
v. s. al.; i. NH3
s. alk.; i. NH4Cl
s. alk.; i. NH4Cl
s. HNO3 + HF, Ag; sl. s.
Pb, Zn; i. HF
s. HNO3 + HF, fused
alk.; i. HF.
s. HF, KOH
s. fused alk.; i. a.
d. alk.
d. conc. H2SO4, al.
27.5
9020°
79.50° (anh.)
d. al.; i. NH3
i. al., act.
i. al.
s. gly.; i. abs. al.
i. al.
sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
(Continued )
2-21
2-22
TABLE 2-1 Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Sodium (Cont.)
carbonate, sesqui- (trona)
chlorate
Formula
Na3H(CO3)2⋅2H2O
NaClO3
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
chloride
chromate
chromate
citrate
cyanide
dichromate
NaCl
Na2CrO4
Na2CrO4⋅10H2O
2Na3C6H5O7⋅11H2O
NaCN
Na2Cr2O7⋅2H2O
58 .44
161 .97
342 .13
714 .31
49 .01
298 .00
wh., mn., 1.5073
wh., cb., or trig.,
1.5151
col., cb., 1.5443
yel., rhb.
yel., delq., mn.
wh ., rhb .
wh ., cb ., 1 .452
red, mn ., 1 .6994
ferricyanide
ferrocyanide
Na3Fe(CN)6⋅H2O
Na4Fe(CN)6⋅10H2O
298 .93
484 .06
red, delq .
yel ., mn .
fluoride (villiaumite)
formate
hydride
NaF
NaHCO2
NaH
hydrosulfide
hydrosulfide
hydrosulfite
hydroxide
hydroxide
hypochlorite
iodide
iodide
lactate
nitrate (soda niter)
nitrite
NaSH⋅2H2O
NaSH⋅3H2O
Na2S2O4⋅2H2O
NaOH
NaOH⋅3½H2O
NaOCl
NaI∗
NaI⋅2H2O
NaC3H5O3
NaNO3
NaNO2
oxide
Na2O
perborate
perchlorate
perchlorate
peroxide
peroxide
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, pyrophosphate (pyrodisodium)
phosphate (pyrodisodium)
potassium tartrate
silicate, metaSodium silicate, metasilicate, orthosilicofluoride
stannate
sulfate (thenardite)
sulfate
NaBO3⋅H2O
NaClO4
NaClO4⋅H2O
Na2O2∗
Na2O2⋅8H2O
NaH2PO4⋅H2O∗
NaH2PO4⋅2H2O
Na2HPO4⋅7H2O
Na2HPO4⋅12H2O
Na3PO4
Na3PO4⋅12H2O∗
Na4P4O12
Na4P2O7∗
Na4P2O7⋅10H2O
Na2H2P2O7
Na2H2P2O7⋅6H2O
NaKC4H4O6⋅4H2O
Na2SiO3
Na2SiO3⋅9H2O
Na4SiO4
Na2SiF6
Na2SnO3⋅3H2O
Na2SO4
Na2SO4
226 .03
106 .44
41 .99
68 .01
24 .00
92 .09
110 .11
210 .14
40 .00
103 .05
74 .44
149 .89
185 .92
112 .06
84 .99
69 .00
61 .98
99 .81
122 .44
140 .46
77 .98
222 .10
137 .99
156 .01
268 .07
358 .14
163 .94
380 .12
407 .85
265 .90
446 .06
221 .94
330 .03
282 .22
122 .06
284 .20
184 .04
188 .06
266 .73
142 .04
142 .04
tet ., 1 .3258
wh ., mn .
silv . nd ., 1 .470
col ., delq ., nd .
rhb .
col . cr .
wh ., delq .
mn .
pa . yel ., in soln . only
col ., cb ., 1 .7745
col ., mn .
col ., amor .
col ., trig ., 1 .5874
pa . yel ., rhb .
wh ., delq .
wh . pd .
rhb ., 1 .4617
hex .
yel .-wh . pd .
wh ., hex .
col ., rhb ., 1 .4852
col ., rhb ., 1 .4629
col ., mn ., 1 .4424
col ., mn ., 1 .4361
wh .
wh ., trig ., 1 .4458
col .
wh .
mn ., 1 .4525
col ., mn ., 1 .510
col ., mn ., 1 .4645
rhb ., 1 .493
col ., rhb ., 1 .520
rhb .
col ., hex ., 1 .530
wh ., hex ., 1 .312
hex . tablets
col ., rhb ., 1 .477
col ., mn .
Specific
gravity
2.112
2.49015°
2.163
2.723
1.483
°
1 .857 23.5
4
2 .5218°
Melting
point, °C
d.
248
800.4
392
19.9
−11H2O, 150
563 .7
−2H2O, 84 .6;
356 (anh .)
Boiling
point, °C
d.
1413
d .
1496
d . 400
1 .458
2 .79
1 .919
0 .92
992
253
d . 800
2 .130
d .
22
d .
318 .4
15 .5
d .
651
3 .6670°
2 .448
2 .257
2 .1680°
d .
308
271
2 .27
subl .
2 .02
2 .805
2 .040
1 .91
1 .679
1 .52
2 .53717 .5°
1 .62
2 .476
2 .45
1 .82
1 .862
1 .848
1 .790
2 .679
2 .698
d . 40
482 d .
d . 130
d .
d . 30
−H2O, 100
60
d .
34 .6
1340
73 .4
616 d .
988
d .
d . 220
70 to 80
1088
47
1018
d .
d . 140
tr . 100 to mn .
tr . 500 to hex .
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
130°
790°
42100°
230100°
0°
1390
1300
d . 380
d . 320
d . 200
−12H2O, 180
−11H2O, 100
−4H2O, 215
−6H2O, 100
100°
35.7
320°
v. s.
9125°
4810°
2380°
39.8
126100°
∞
250100°
8235°
50880°
18 .90°
17 .920° (anh .)
67100°
6398 .5°
(anh .)
5100°
160100°
40°
440°
d .
d .
Hot water
s .
s .
2220°
420°
s .
260°
158 .70°
v . s .
v . s .
730°
72 .10°
s .
s .
d .
347100°
v . s .
15856°
302100°
v . s .
v . s .
180100°
163 .2100°
Forms
NaOH
sl . s .
1700°
20915°
s . d .
s . d .
710°
91 .10°
18540°
4 .30°
4 .50°
28 .315°
s .
2 .260°
5 .40°
4 .50°
6 .90°
260°
s .
v . s .
s .
0 .440°
500°
50°
48 .840°
d .
320100°
28450°
d .
d .
39083°
30840°
2000100°
76 .730°
77100°
∞
s .
4596°
93100°
2140°
3640°
6626°
s . d .
v . s .
s .
2 .45100°
6750°
42100°
42 .5100°
Other reagents
s. al.
sl. s. al.; i. conc. HCl
sl . s . al .
i . al .
s . NH3; sl . s . al .
i . al .
i . al .
v . sl . s . al .
sl . s . al .; i . et .
i . bz ., CS2, CCl4, NH3;
s . molten metal
s . al .; d . a .
s . al .; d . a .
i . al .
v . s . al ., et ., gly .; i . act .
v . s . al ., act .
v . s . NH3
s . al .; i . et .
s . NH3; sl . s . gly ., al .
0 .320° et .; 0 .3 abs . al .;
4 .420° m . al .; v . s . NH3
d . al .
s . gly ., alk .
s . al .; 51 m . al .; 52 act .; i . et .
s . al .
s . dil . a .
i . al .
i . al .
i . CS2
s . a ., alk .
d . a .
i . al ., NH3
sl . s . al .
i . Na or K salts, al .
2918°, aN NaOH
i . al .
i . al ., act .
i . al .
d . HI; s . H2SO4
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate (Glauber’s salt)
sulfide, monosulfide, tetrasulfide, pentasulfite
sulfite
tartrate
thiocyanate
thiosulfate
thiosulfate (hypo)
tungstate
tungstate
tungstate, parauranate
vanadate
vanadate, pyroStannic chloride
Na2SO4
Na2SO4⋅7H2O
Na2SO4⋅10H2O
Na2S
Na2S4
Na2S5
Na2SO3
Na2SO3⋅7H2O
Na2C4H4O6⋅2H2O
NaCNS
Na2S2O3
Na2S2O3⋅5H2O∗
Na2WO4
Na2WO4⋅2H2O∗
Na6W7O24⋅16H2O
Na2UO4
Na3VO4⋅16H2O
Na4V2O7
SnCl4
142 .04
268 .15
322 .19
78 .04
174 .24
206 .30
126 .04
252 .15
230 .08
81 .07
158 .11
248 .18
293 .82
329 .85
2097 .05
348 .01
472 .15
305 .84
260 .52
col., hex.
tet.
col., mn., 1.396
pink or wh., amor.
yel., cb.
yel.
hex. pr., 1.565
mn.
rhb.
delq., rhb., 1.625±
mn.
mn. pr., 1.5079
wh., rhb.
wh., rhb.
wh., tri.
yel.
col. nd.
hex.
col., fuming lq.
oxide (cassiterite)
SnO2
150 .71
wh ., tet ., 1 .9968
sulfate
Sn(SO4)2⋅2H2O
346 .87
col ., delq ., hex .
Stannous bromide
chloride
chloride (tin salt)
sulfate
Strontium
884
1.464
1.856
2.633 154°
1.561
1.818
2.226
866 (anh.)
654
−30.2
7 .0
1127
17°
yel ., rhb .
wh ., rhb .
wh ., tri .
wh . cr .
silv . met .
2 .6
acetate
carbonate (strontianite)
chloride
chloride
hydroxide
hydroxide
Sr(C2H3O2)2
SrCO3
SrCl2
SrCl2⋅6H2O∗
Sr(OH)2
Sr(OH)2⋅8H2O∗
205 .71
147 .63
158 .53
266 .62
121 .63
265 .76
wh . cr .
wh ., rhb ., 1 .664
wh ., cb ., 1 .6499
wh ., rhb ., 1 .5364
wh ., delq .
col ., tet ., 1 .499
2 .099
3 .70
3 .052
1 .93317°
3 .625
1 .90
nitrate
nitrate
oxide (strontia)
Sr(NO3)2∗
Sr(NO3)2⋅4H2O
SrO
211 .63
283 .69
103 .62
col ., cb ., 1 .5878
wh ., mn .
col ., cb ., 1 .870
2 .986
2 .2
4 .7
SrO2
SrO2⋅8H2O
SrSO4
Sr(HSO4)2
NH2SO3H
S
S8
S8
S2Br2
S2Cl2
SCl2
SCl4
SO2
119 .62
263 .74
183 .68
281 .76
97 .09
32 .07
256 .52
256 .52
223 .94
135 .04
102 .97
173 .88
64 .06
wh . pd .
wh . cr .
col ., rhb ., 1 .6237
col ., granular
wh ., rhb .
pa . yel . pd ., 2 .0–2 .9
pa . yel ., mn .
pa . yel ., rhb .
red, fuming lq .
red-yel . lq .
dark red fuming lq .
yel .-brn . lq .
col . gas
oxide, tri-(β)
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
∗Usual commercial form .
SO3
(SO3)2
H2SO4∗
H2SO4⋅H2O
80 .06
160 .13
98 .08
116 .09
col . pr .
col ., silky, nd .
col ., viscous lq .
pr . or lq .
d.
287
d. 48.0
692
−2H2O, 100
−16H2O, 300
278 .52
189 .62
225 .65
214 .77
87 .62
oxide, tri-(α)
−10H2O, 100
275
251.8
d.
−7H2O, 150
1.667
1.685
4.179
3.245
3.98714°
SnBr2
SnCl2
SnCl2⋅2H2O∗
SnSO4
Sr
peroxide
peroxide
sulfate (celestite)
sulfate, acid
Sulfamic acid
Sulfur, amorphous
Sulfur, monoclinic
Sulfur, rhombic
Sulfur bromide, monochloride, monochloride, dichloride, tetraoxide, di-
32.4
5 .12
2 .7115 .5°
3 .96
2 .03 124°
2 .046
1 .96
2 .07
2 .635
1 .687
1 .621 1515°
lq ., 1 .4340°;
2 .264 (A)
lq ., 1 .923;
2 .75 (A)
1 .9720°
1 .834 184°
1 .842 154°
215 .5
246 .8
37 .7
−SO2, 360
800
149760atm .
873
−4H2O, 61
375
−7H2O in
dry air
570
114.1
620
623
d .
1150
d .
−CO2, 1350
−6H2O, 100
19.420°
44.90°
3615°
15.410°
s.
s.
13.90°
34.72°
296°
11010°
500°
74.70°
57.580°
880°
8
i.
v. s.
s.
s.
45.360°
202.626°
41234°
57.390°
s.
s.
28.384°
67.818°
6643°
225100°
23180°
301.860°
97100°
123.5100°
d.
i.
d.
i .
i .
v . s .
d .
s .
83 .90°
118 .70°
1919°
d .
d .
269 .815°
∞
18100°
Forms
Sr(OH)2
36 .497°
0 .065100°
100 .8100°
19840°
21 .83100°
47 .7100°
36 .90°
0 .001118°
43 .50°
1040°
0 .410°
0 .900°
444 .6
444 .6
444 .6
540 .18mm
138
59
d . > −20
−10 .0
400°
62 .20°
Forms
Sr(OH)2
0 .00820°
0 .01820°
0 .01130°
d .
200°
i .
i .
i .
d .
d .
d .
d .
22 .80°
16 .83
44 .6
d .
50
10 .49
8 .62
d . 340
290
Forms H2SO4
∞
∞
2430
d .
−8H2O, 100
1580 d .
d .
205 d .
120
119 .0
112 .8
−46
−80
−78
−30
−75 .5
d .
d.
i. al.
sl. s. al.; i. et.
s. al.
s. al.
i. al., NH
i. al.
i. al.
v. s. al.
s. NH3; v. sl. s. al.
sl. s. NH3; i. a., al.
s. alk. carb., dil. a.
i. al.
i. al.
s. abs. al., act., NH3;
s. ∞ CS2
s . conc . H2SO4; i . alk .;
NH4OH, NH3
s . dil . H2SO4, HCl; d .
abs . al .
s . C6H5N
s . alk ., abs . al ., et .
s . tart . a ., alk ., al .
s . H2SO4
s . al ., a .
0 .2615° m . al .
s . a ., NH4 salts, aq . CO2
v . sl . s . act ., abs . al .; i . NH3
s . NH4Cl
s . NH4Cl; i . act .
10089°
12420°
s . NH3; 0 .012 abs . al .
i . HNO3
sl . s . al .; i . et .
d .
d .
0 .011432°
s . al ., NH4Cl; i . act .
s . al .; i . NH4OH
sl . s . a .; i . dil . H2SO4, al .
1470° H2SO4
sl . s . al ., act .; i . et .
sl . s . CS2
s . CS2, al .
240°, 18155° CS2
4070°
i .
i .
i .
s . CS2, et ., bz .
d . al .
4 .550°
s . H2SO4; al ., ac .
s . H2SO4
∞
∞
s . H2SO4
d . al .
d . al .
(Continued )
2-23
2-24
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form,
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid, pyroSulfuric oxychloride
Sulfurous oxybromide
oxychloride
Tantalum
H2SO4⋅2H2O
H2S2O7
SO2Cl2
SOBr2
SOCl2
Ta
134 .11
178 .14
134 .97
207 .87
118 .97
180 .95
col. lq.
cr .
col . lq .
or .-yel . lq .
yel . fuming lq .
bk .-gray, cb .
1.650 04°
1 .920°
1 .667 204°
2 .6818°
1 .631
16 .6
−38.9
35
−54 .1
−50
−104 .5
2850
167
d .
69 .1760mm
6840mm
75 .6
>4100
∞
d .
d .
d .
d .
i .
∞
Tellurium
Te
127 .60
met ., hex .
(α) 6 .24;
(β) 6 .00
452
1390
i .
i .
Terbium
Thallium
acetate
chloride, monochloride, sesquichloride, trichloride, trisulfate (ic)
sulfate (ous)
sulfate, acid
Thio, cf. sulfo or sulfur
Thorium
Tb
Tl
TlC2H3O2
TlCl
Tl2Cl3
TlCl3
TlCl3⋅4H2O
Tl2(SO4)3⋅7H2O
Tl2SO4
TlHSO4
158 .93
204 .38
263 .43
239 .84
515 .13
310 .74
382 .80
823 .06
504 .83
301 .45
blue-wh ., tet .
silky nd .
wh ., cb .
yel ., hex .
hex . pl .
nd .
lf .
col ., rhb ., 1 .8671
trimorphous
11 .85
3 .68
7 .00
5 .9
303 .5
110
430
400–500
25
37
−6H2O, 200
632
115 d .
1650
806
d .
d .
−4H2O, 100
d .
d .
i .
v . s .
0 .210°
0 .2615°
v . s .
86 .217°
d .
2 .700°
d .
d .
18 .45100°
Th
232 .04
cb .
11 .2
1845
>3000
i .
i .
oxide, di- (thorianite)
sulfate
sulfate
Thulium
Tin
ThO2
Th(SO4)2
Th(SO4)2⋅9H2O
Tm
Sn
264 .04
424 .16
586 .30
168 .93
118 .71
wh ., cb .
>2800
4400
mn . pr .
9 .69
4 .22517°
2 .77
silv . met ., tet .
7 .31
231 .85
2260
i .
0 .740°
sl . s .
i .
i .
5 .2250°
sl . s .
i .
i .
Tin
Sn
118 .71
gray, cb .
5 .750
Stable −163
to +18
2260
i .
i .
Tin salts, cf. stannic and stannous
Titanic acid
H2TiO3
97 .88
wh . pd .
i .
i .
i .
d .
d .
s .
s .
i .
s .
d .
i .
i .
i .
6 .77
17 .5°
i .
i .
1 .8100°
1 .9100°
Other reagents
d . al .
d . al .
s . ac .; d . al .
s . bz ., CS2, CCl4; d . act .
s . bz ., chl .
s . fused alk ., HF; i . HCl,
HNO3, H2SO4
s . H2SO4, HNO3, KCN,
KOH, aq . reg .; i . CS2
s . HNO3, H2SO4; i . NH3
v . s . al .
sl . s . HCl; i . al ., NH4OH
s . al ., et .
s . al ., et .
s . dil . H2SO4
v . sl . s . dil . H2SO4
−9H2O, 400
>3000
s . HCl, H2SO; sl . s .
HNO3; i . HF, alk .
s . h . H2SO4; i . alk .
s . HCl, H2SO4, dil . HNO3
h . aq KOH
s . a ., h . alk . solns .
s . alk .; v . sl . s . dil . a .;
i . al .
s . a .
i . CS2, et ., chl .
Ti
TiCl2
47 .87
118 .77
dark gray, cb .
bk ., delq .
chloride, trichloride, tetraoxide, di- (anatase)
TiCl3
TiCl4∗
TiO2
154 .23
189 .68
79 .87
oxide, di- (brookite)
TiO2
4 .26
1640 d .
<3000
i .
i .
s . H2SO4, alk .
19 .3
3370
5900
i .
i .
6000
6000
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
sl . s .
s . h . conc . KOH; sl . s .
NH3, HNO3, aq . reg .
s . F2; i . a .
s . h . HNO3; sl . s . HCl,
H2SO4
s . alk .; i . a .
s . HF, alk ., NH3
i .
i .
s . a ., alk . carb .; i . alk .
i .
d .
i .
i .
s . a .; i . alk .
d . a .
s . HNO3, conc . H2SO4
Titanium
chloride, di-
4 .50
1800
Unstable in
air
d . 440
−30
W
183 .84
vl ., delq .
col . lq .
brn . or bk ., tet .,
2 .534–2 .564
brn . or bk ., rhb .,
2 .586
col . if pure, tet .,
2 .615
gray-bk ., cb .
WC
W 2C
195 .85
379 .69
gray pd ., cb .
iron gray
15 .718°
16 .0618°
2777
2877
oxide, triTungstic acid (tungstite)
WO3
H2WO4
231 .84
249 .85
yel ., rhb .
yel ., rhb . 2 .24
7 .16
5 .5
Uranic acid
H2UO4
304 .04
yel . pd .
5 .92615°
Uranium
carbide
oxide, di- (uraninite)
U
U2C3
UO2
238 .03
512 .09
270 .03
wh . cr .
cr .
bk ., rhb .
18 .485 134°
11 .28
10 .9
>2130
−½H2O,
100; 1473
−H2O, 250
to 300
1133
2400
2176
oxide, di- (rutile)
Tungsten
carbide
carbide
TiO2
79 .87
79 .87
lq ., 1 .726
3 .84
136 .4
4 .17
3500
i .
s . dil . HCl
sl . s . alk .
oxide (pitchblende)
sulfate (ous)
Uranyl acetate
carbonate (rutherfordine)
nitrate
sulfate
Vanadic acid, metaVanadic acid, pyroVanadium
chloride, dichloride, trichloride, tetraoxide, dioxide, trioxide, tetraoxide, pentaoxychloride, monoVanadyl chloride
chloride, dichloride, triWater†
U3O8
U(SO4)2⋅4H2O
UO2(C2H3O2)2⋅2H2O
UO2CO3
UO2(NO3)2⋅6H2O
UO2SO4⋅3H2O
HVO3
H4V2O7
V
VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
V2O2
V2O3
V2O4
V2O5
VOCl
(VO)2Cl
VOCl2
VOCl3
H2O
842 .08
502 .22
424 .15
330 .04
502 .13
420 .14
99 .95
217 .91
50 .94
121 .85
157 .30
192 .75
133 .88
149 .88
165 .88
181 .88
86 .39
169 .33
137 .85
173 .30
18 .02
Water, heavy
Xenon
D 2O
Xe
20 .029
131 .29
olive gn.
gn., rhb.
yel., rhb.
tet.
yel., rhb., 1.4967
yel . cr .
yel . scales
pa . yel ., amor .
lt . gray, cb .
gn ., hex ., delq .
pink, tabular, delq .
red lq .
lt . gray cr .
bk . cr .
blue cr .
red-yel ., rhb .
brn . pd .
yel . cr .
gn ., delq .
yel . lq .
col . lq ., 1 .3330020°;
hex . solid, 1 .309
col . lq ., 1 .3284420°
col . gas
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
acetate
acetate
bromide
carbonate
Yb
Y
Zn
Zn(C2H3O2)2
Zn(C2H3O2)2⋅2H2O∗
ZnBr2
ZnCO3
173 .04
88 .91
65 .41
183 .50
219 .53
225 .22
125 .42
dark gray, hex .
silv . met ., hex .
mn .
wh ., mn ., 1 .494
rhb .
wh ., trig ., 1 .818
chloride
ZnCl2
136 .32
cyanide
hydroxide
iodide
Zn(CN)2
Zn(OH)2
ZnI2
117 .44
99 .42
319 .22
wh ., delq ., 1 .687,
uniaxial
col ., rhb .
col ., rhb .
cb .
nitrate
oxide (zincite)
oxide
peroxide
phosphide
silicate
Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O
ZnO
ZnO
ZnO2
Zn3P2
ZnSiO3
297 .51
81 .41
81 .41
97 .41
258 .17
141 .49
sulfate (zincosite)
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate (goslarite)
sulfide (α) (wurzite)
sulfide (β) (sphalerite)
ZnSO4
ZnSO4⋅H2O
ZnSO4⋅6H2O
ZnSO4⋅7H2O∗
ZnS
ZnS
161 .47
179 .49
269 .56
287 .58
97 .47
97 .47
2-25
sulfide (blende)
ZnS
97 .47
sulfite
ZnSO3⋅2½H2O
190 .51
Zirconium
Zr
91 .22
oxide, di- (baddeleyite)
ZrO2
123 .22
123 .22
oxide, di- ( free from Hf)
ZrO2
∗Usual commercial form .
†
Cf. special tables on water and steam, Tables 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5 .
note: °F = 9⁄ 5°C + 32 .
col ., tet .
wh ., hex ., 2 .004
wh ., amor .
yel .
steel gray, cb .
hex . or rhb .; glass,
1 .650
wh ., rhb ., 1 .669
col .
mn .
rhb ., 1 .4801
wh ., hex ., 2 .356
wh ., cb .; glass (?)
2 .18–2 .25
wh ., granular
mn .
cb ., pd . ign . easily
yel . or brn ., mn ., 2 .19
wh ., mn .
7.31
2.8915°
5.6
2.807
3 .2816 .5°
5 .96
3 .2318°
3 .0018°
1 .81630°
3 .64
4 .87 184°
4 .399
3 .357 184°
2 .824
3 .64
2 .8813°
1 .829
1 .004° (lq .);
0 .9150° (ice)
1 .10720°
lq ., 3 .06−109 .1
2 .7−140°
4 .53 (A)
d.
−4H2O, 300
−2H2O, 110
60.2
d . 100
118
1710
3000
d .
−109
ign .
1970
1967
800
148 .5755mm
d . 1750
d . in air
i.
2311°
9.217°
i.
963°
d.
s. HNO3, H2SO4
s. dil. a.
s. al., act.
170.30°
18 .913 .2°
i .
i .
i .
s .
s .
s . d .
i .
sl . s .
i .
0 .820°
i .
i .
d .
s . d .
∞60°
23025°
v . s . ac ., al ., et .; i . dil ., alk .
4 al .; s . a .
s . a ., alk .; i . NH3
s . a ., alk ., NH4OH
s . HNO3, H2SO4; i . aq ., alk .
s . al ., et .
s . abs . al ., et .
s . abs . al ., et ., chl ., ac .
s . a .
s . HNO3, HF, alk .
s . a ., alk .
s . a ., alk .; i . abs . al .
v . s . HNO3
s . HNO3
s . abs . al ., dil . HNO3
s . al ., et ., ∞Br2
∞ al .; sl . s . et .
i .
d .
d .
i .
s .
i .
<−15
0
127 .19
100
3 .82
−140
101 .42
−109 .1
∞
24 .20° cc
∞
7 .350° cc
∞ al .; sl . s . et .
5 .51
7 .140
1 .840
1 .735
4 .2194°
4 .42
1490
419 .4
242
237
394
−CO2, 300
2500
907
subl . in vac .
−2H2O, 100
650
sl . d .
i .
3025°
4025°
3900°
0 .00115°
d .
i .
44 .6100°
66 .6100°
670100°
2 .91 254°
283
732
43225°
615100°
d . 80
d . 125
446
624
0 .000518°
0 .0005218°
4300°
sl . s .
3 .053
°
4 .666 14.2
4
2 .065 144°
5 .606
5 .47
1 .571
4 .55 134°
3 .52
36 .4
>1800
>1800
expl . 212
>420
1437
v . s . dil . a ., h . KOH
s . a ., ac ., alk .
2 .825°, 16679° al .
v . s . al .
v . s . NH4OH, al ., et .
s . a ., alk ., NH4 salts;
i . act ., NH3
10012 .5° al .; v . s . et .; i .
NH3
s . KCN, NH3, alk .; i . al .
s . a ., alk ., NH4OH
s . a ., al ., NH3, aq .
(NH4)2CO3
v . s . al .
s . a ., alk ., NH4Cl; i . NH3
3 .74 154°
3 .28 154°
2 .072 154°
1 .96616 .5°
4 .087
4 .102 254°
d . 740
d . 238
−5H2O, 70
tr . 39
1850150atm .
tr . 1020
−6H2O, 105
1100
−7H2O, 280
subl . 1185
4 .04
6 .4
5 .49
5 .73
−2½H2O, 100
1700
2700
d . 200
>2900
4300
510100°
324 .5
0 .0004218°
0 .0004218°
0 .0022
i .
i .
∞36 .4°
420°
s .
s .
115 .20°
0 .0006918°
i .
61100°
89 .5100°
s .
653 .6100°
i .
i .
sl . s . al .; i . act .; NH3
sl . s . al .; i . act .; NH3
v . s . a .; i . ac .
s . a .
i .
0 .16
i .
i .
i .
i .
d .
i .
i .
i .
v . s . a .; i . ac .
s . H2SO3, NH4OH; i . al .
s . HF, aq . reg .; sl . s . a .
s . H2SO4, HF
s . H2SO4, HF
i . NH4OH; d . a .
s . dil . a .
sl . s . al .; s . gly .
2-26
TABLE 2-2 Physical Properties of Organic Compounds*
Abbreviations Used in the Table
(A), density referred to air
cr., crystalline
i-, iso-, containing the group
al., ethyl alcohol
d., decomposes
(CH3)2CHamor., amorphous
d-, dextrorotatory
i., insoluble
aq., aqua, water
dl-, dextro-laevorotatory
ign., ignites
brn., brown
et., ethyl ether
l-, laevorotatory
bz., benzene
expl., explodes
lf., leaflets
c., cubic
gn., green
lq., liquid
cc., cubic centimeter
h., hot
m-, meta
chl., chloroform
hex., hexagonal
mn., monoclinic
col., colorless
n-, normal
This table of the physical properties includes the organic compounds of most general interest . For the
properties of other organic compounds, reference must be made to larger tables in Lange’s Handbook of
Chemistry (Handbook Publishers), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Chemical Rubber Publishing Co .),
Van Nostrand’s Chemical Annual, International Critical Tables (McGraw-Hill), and similar works .
The molecular weights are based on the atomic weight values in “Atomic weights of the Elements 2001,”
PURE Appl. Chem., 75, 1107, 2003 . The densities are given for the temperature indicated and are usually
nd., needles
s-, sec-, secondary
v. s., very soluble
v. sl. s., very slightly soluble
o-, ortho
silv., silvery
wh., white
or., orange
sl., slightly
yel., yellow
p-, para
subl., sublimes
(+), right rotation
pd., powder
sym., symmetrical
>, greater than
pet., petroleum ether
t-, tertiary
<, less than
pl., plates
tet., tetragonal
∞, infinitely
pr., prisms
tri., triclinic
rhb., rhombic
uns., unsymmetrical
s., soluble
v., very
referred to water at 4°C, e.g., 1 .02895/4 a density of 1 .028 at 95°C referred to water at 4°C, the 4 being omitted
when it is not clear whether the reference is to water at 4°C or at the temperature indicated by the upper
figure . The melting and boiling points given have been selected from available data as probably the most
accurate . The solubility is given in grams of the substance in 100 of the solvent . In the case of gases, the
solubility is often expressed in some manner as “510 cc .” which indicates that, at 10°C, 5 cc . of the gas are
soluble in 100 of the solvent .
Name
Synonym
Formula
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Abietic acid
Acenaphthene
Acetal
Acet-aldehyde
-aldehyde, par-aldehyde ammonia
-amide
-anilide
-phenetidide (o-)
(m-)
-toluidide (o-)
(p-)
Acetic acid
anhydride
nitrile
Acetone
Acetonyl urea
Acetophenone benzoyl hydride
Acetyl-chloride
-phenylenediamine (-p)
Acetylene
dichloride (cis)
(trans)
Aconitic acid
Acridine
Acrolein ethylene aldehyde
Acrylic acid
nitrile
Adipic acid
amide
nitrile
Adrenaline (1-) (3,4,1)
Alanine (α) (dl-)
Aldol acetaldol
Alizarin
Allyl alcohol
bromide
chloride
thiocyanate (i)
thiourea
Aluminum ethoxide
Amino-anthraquinone (α)
(β)
-azobenzene
-benzoic acid (m-)
(p-)
sylvic acid, abietinic acid
naphthylene ethylene
acetaldehyde diethylacetal
ethanal
paraldehyde
C20H30O2
C10H6(CH2)2
CH3CH(OC2H5)2
CH3CHO
(C2H4O)3
CH3CHOHNH2
CH3CONH2
C6H5NHCOCH3
CH3CONHC6H4OC2H5
CH3CONHC6H4OC2H5
CH3C6H4NHCOCH3
CH3C6H4NHCOCH3
CH3CO2H
(CH3CO)2O
CH3CN
CH3COCH3
<NHCONHCOC>(CH3)2
CH3COC6H5
CH3COCl
C2H3ONHC6H4NH2
HC⋮CH
CHCl:CHCl
CHCl:CHCl
C3H3(CO2H)3
C6H4 < (CH)(N) > C6H4
CH2:CH⋅CHO
CH2:CH⋅CO2H
CH2:CH⋅CN
(CH2CH2CO2H)2
(CH2CH2CONH2)2
(CH2CH2CN)2
C6H3(OH)2(CHOHCH2NHCH3)
CH3CH(NH2)CO2H
CH3CH(OH)CH2COH
C6H4(CO)2C6H2(OH)2
CH2:CH⋅CH2OH
CH2:CH⋅CH2Br
CH2:CH⋅CH2Cl
CH2:CH⋅CH2NCS
CH2:CH⋅CH2NHCSNH2
Al(OCH2CH3)3
C6H4(CO)2C6H3NH2
C6H4(CO)2C6H3NH2
C6H5⋅N:N⋅C6H4NH2
H2N⋅C6H4CO2H
H2N⋅C6H4CO2H
302 .45
154 .21
118 .17
44 .05
132 .16
61 .08
59 .07
135 .16
179 .22
179 .22
149 .19
149 .19
60 .05
102 .09
41 .05
58 .08
128 .13
120 .15
78 .50
150 .18
26 .04
96 .94
96 .94
174 .11
179 .22
56 .06
72 .06
53 .06
146 .14
144 .17
108 .14
183 .20
89 .09
88 .11
240 .21
58 .08
120 .98
76 .52
99 .15
116 .18
162 .16
223 .23
223 .23
197 .24
137 .14
137 .14
lf .
rhb ./al .
lq .
col . lq .
col . cr .
col . cr .
col . cr .
rhb ./al .
lf ./al .
lf ./al .
rhb .
rhb . or mn .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
tri ./al .
lf .
col . lq .
nd ./aq .
col . gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr ./aq .
rhb ./aq . al .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
mn . pr .
cr . pd .
col . oil
col . pd .
nd ./aq .
col . lq .
red rhb .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . oil
col . pr .
pd .
red nd .
red nd .
yel . mn .
nd ./aq .
mn . pr .
ethanamide
antifebrin
o-ethoxyacetanilide
acetyl-m-phenetidine
N-tolylacetamide
N-tolylacetamide
ethanoic acid, vinegar acid
acetyl oxide, acetic oxide
methyl cyanide
propanone, dimethyl ketone
dimethyl hydantoin
methyl-phenyl ketone
ethanoyl chloride
amino-acetanilide (p)
ethyne; ethine
1,2-dichloroethene
dioform
equisetic acid; citridic acid
acrylic aldehyde, propenal
propenoic acid
vinyl cyanide
hexandioc acid, adipinic acid
tetramethylene
1-suprarenine
2-hydroxybutyraldehyde
Anthraquinoic acid
propen-1-ol-3,propenyl alcohol
3-bromo-propene-1
3-chloro-propene-1
mustard oil
thiosinamide
aminodracylic acid
Specific
gravity
1 .06995/95
0 .82122/4
0 .78318/4
0 .99420/4
1 .159
1 .214
1 .16815
1 .21215
1 .04920/4
1 .08220/4
0 .78320/4
0 .79220/4
1 .03315/15
1 .10520/4
(A) 0 .906
1 .29115/4
1 .26515/4
0 .84120/4
1 .06216/4
0 .81120
1 .36025/4
0 .95119/19
1 .10320/4
0 .85420/4
1 .39820/4
0 .93820/4
1 .01320/4
1 .21920/20
1 .14220/0
1 .5114°
Melting
point, °C
182
95
−123 .5
10 .5–12
97
81(69 .4)
113–4
79
96–7
110
153
16 .7
−73
−41
−94 .6
175
20 .5
−112 .0
162
−81 .5891
−80 .5
−50
192 d .
110–1
−87 .7
12–13
−82
151–3
226–7
1
d . 207–11
295 d .
289–90
−129
−119 .4
−136 .4
−80
77–8
150–60
256
302
126–7
173–4
187–8
Boiling
point, °C
278–9
102 .2
20 .2
124 .4752
100–10 d .
222
305
>250
296
306–7
118 .1
139 .6
81 .6–2 .0
56 .5
subl .
202 .3749
51–2
−84760
60 .3
48 .4
346
52 .5
141–2
78–9
26510
295
subl . >200
8320
430
96 .6
70–1753
44 .6
152
200–510
subl .
subl .
225120
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
i .
i .
625
∞
1213
v . s .
s .
0 .56
i .
sl . s .
0 .8619
0 .0922
∞
12 c .
∞
∞
s .
i .
d .
s . h .
100 cc .18
0 .3520
0 .6320
3315
sl . s . h .
40
∞
s .
1 .415
0 .412
v . sl . s .
0 .0320
2217
∞
0 .03100
∞
i .
<0 .1
0 .2
30
d .
i .
i .
sl . s . h .
v . sl . s .
0 .313
v . s .
s . h .
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
2120
s .
s .
s .
1025
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
d .
v . s .
600 cc .18
∞
∞
sl . s .
s .
s .
∞
v . s .
s . chl .
∞
∞
∞
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
7 25
v . s .
0 .615
s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
i .
s .
s .
s . h .
210
1110
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
s .
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
s .
i .
s .
1 .86
8 .26
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
v . sl . s .
s .
s .
Amino-diphenylamine (p-)
-G-acid (2-)(6-,8-), Na2 salt
-mono-potassium salt
-sodium salt
-J-acid (2-)(5-,7-)
-mono-potassium salt
-naphthol sulfonic (1-,2-,4-)(α-)
(1-,8-,4-)
-phenol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-toluene sulfonic acid (1-,2-,3-)
(1-,4-,2-)
(1-,4-,3-)
(1-,2-,5-)
Amyl acetate (n-)
(i-)
(s-)
(s-)
(t-)
alcohol (n-) fusel oil,
(s-,n-) methyl-propyl carbinol,
(prim .-,i-) isobutyl carbinol,
(s-,i-)
(t-)
(d-)
-amine (n-)
(s-,n-)
(i-)
(t-)
2-aminophenol
3-aminophenol
p-hydroxyaniline
common amyl acetate
α-Me-Bu-acetate
di Et-carbinol acetate
pentanol-1
pentanol-2
2-methyl-butanol-4
2-methyl-butanol-3
2-methyl-butanol-2
active amyl alcohol
1-NH2-2-Me-butane
3-amino pentane
3-NH2-2-Me-butane
aniline (i-)
benzoate (i-)
bromide (n-)
(i-)
(t-)
n-butyrate (n-)
(i-)
(t-)
i-butyrate (i-)
chloride (n-)
(s-)
(s-)
(i-)
(s-,i-)
(t-)
i-cyanide (i-)
formate (n-)
(i-)
iodide (n-)
(i-)
(s-,n-)
(t-)
1-bromopentane
4-Br-2-Me-butane
2-Br-2-Me-butane
1-chloropentane
2-chloropentane
3-chloropentane
4-Cl-2-Me-butane
3-Cl-2-Me-butane
2-Cl-2-Me-butane
1-Cl-2-Me-butane
iso-caproic iso-nitrile
1-iodopentane
4-I-2-Me-butane
2-iodopentane
2-I-2-Me-butane
2-27
H2N⋅C6H4NH⋅C6H5
C10H5(NH2)(SO3Na)2
C10H5(NH2)S2O6HK
C10H5(NH2)S2O6HNa
C10H5(NH2)(SO3H)2
C10H5(NH2)S2O6HK
C10H5OHNH2SO3H½H2O
NH2(OH)C10H5SO3H
H2N⋅C6H4⋅OH
H2N⋅C6H4⋅OH
H2N⋅C6H4⋅OH
C6H3(CH3)(NH2)SO3H
C6H3(CH3)(NH2)SO3H⋅H2O
C6H3(CH3)(NH2)SO3H⋅½H2O
C6H3(CH3)(NH2)SO3H⋅H2O
CH3CO2CH2(CH2)3CH3
CH3CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3CO2CH2CH(CH3)C2H5
CH3CO2CH(CH3)CH2C2H5
CH3CO2CH(C2H5)2
CH3CO2C(CH3)2C2H5
CH3(CH2)3CH2OH
C2H5CH2CH(OH)CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
(C2H5)2CHOH
(CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3
(CH3)2C(OH)C2H5
(CH3)3CCH2OH
C2H5CH(CH3)CH2OH
CH3(CH2)4NH2
(C3H7)(CH3)CHNH2
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2NH2
(C2H5)(CH3)2CNH2
C2H5CH(CH3)CH2NH2
(C2H5)2CHNH2
(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)NH2
C6H5NHC5H11
C6H5CO2C5H11
CH3(CH2)3CH2Br
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2Br
(CH3)2C(Br)C2H5
C2H5CH2CO2(CH2)4CH3
C2H5CH2CO2⋅C5H11
C3H7CO2C(CH3)2C2H5
(CH3)2CHCO2C5H11
CH3(CH2)3CH2Cl
C2H5CH2CHClCH3
(C2H5)2CHCl
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2Cl
(CH3)CHCHClCH3
(CH3)2CClC2H5
(CH3)(C2H5)CHCH2Cl
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2NC
HCO2CH2(CH2)3CH3
HCO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3(CH2)3CH2I
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2I
C2H5CH2CHICH3
(CH3)2CIC2H5
C2H5CH(CH3)CH2I
CH3(CH2)3CH2SH
(C2H5)2CHSH
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2SH
C5H11⋅C6H4OH
C2H5CO2(CH2)4CH3
C2H5CO2(CH2)2CH(CH3)2
C2H5CO2C5H11
HOC6H4CO2C5H11
C4H9CO2C5H11
C4H9CO2C5H11
184 .24
347 .28
341 .40
325 .29
303 .31
341 .40
248 .26
239 .25
109 .13
109 .13
109 .13
187 .22
205 .23
196 .22
205 .23
130 .18
130 .18
130 .18
130 .18
130 .18
130 .18
88 .15
88 .15
88 .15
88 .15
88 .15
88 .15
88 .15
88 .15
87 .16
87 .16
87 .16
87 .16
87 .16
87 .16
87 .16
163 .26
192 .25
151 .04
151 .04
151 .04
158 .24
158 .24
158 .24
158 .24
106 .59
106 .59
106 .59
106 .59
106 .59
106 .59
106 .59
97 .16
116 .16
116 .16
198 .05
198 .05
198 .05
198 .05
198 .05
104 .21
104 .21
104 .21
164 .24
144 .21
144 .21
144 .21
208 .25
172 .26
172 .26
nd./aq. al.
67
354
col. nd.
pr.
lf.
nd.
mn.
nd.
tri./aq.
col. lq.
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
cr .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
173
122–3
184–6 d.
subl.
subl.
d.
0.87920/20
0 .87615/4
0 .88013
0 .9220
0 .87120/4
0 .87419
0 .817 20/20
0 .81020/20
0 .81315/4
0 .815 25/4
0 .81919
0 .809 20/4
20/4
0 .816
0 .76619
0 .749 20/4
0 .75118/4
0 .73125/4
0 .75518
0 .749 20/4
0 .75718
0 .92815/4
0 .99214/14
1 .21820/4
1 .22017/15
1 .21619/0
0 .87115/4
0 .86619/15
0 .86515/0
0 .8760/4
0 .878 20/4
0 .870 20/4
0 .895 21
0 .89320/4
0 .8830
0 .87120/4
0 .88117 .5
0 .9020
0 .882 20/4
1 .51020/4
1 .515 18/4
1 .507 17/4
1 .47119/15
1 .524 20/4
0 .857 20
−H2O, 120
−70.8
−78 .5
−117 .2
−11 .9
52–3
−55
−105
−95
−73 .2
−99
−72 .9
−73 .5
−93 .5
−86
148.4737
142757
141–2
133 .5
133
124 .5 749
137 .9
119 .5
132 .0
115 .6
113–4
102
113–4
128
103–4
91–2
95
77–8
95–6
90–1
83–4
254 .5
261746
129 .7
120745
108765
186 .4
178 .6
164
168 .8
108 .4
96 .7
97 .3
99 .7 758
91753
85 .7
98–9
137–9
132
123 .5
157 .0
147 765
144–5
127 765
148
126767
105
120
265–7
168 .7
160 .2
5816
265
194
173–4
mercaptan (n-)
pentanthiol-1
(n-)
pentanthiol-3
(i-)
2-Me-butanthiol-4
0 .83520/4
phenol (t-)(p-)
pentaphen
93
propionate (n-)
0 .87615/4
−73 .1
(i-)
0 .870 20/4
(act .)
0 .866 20/4
salicylate (n-)
1 .06515
Amyl i-valerate (i)
0 .85820/15
(t-)
0 .86114/0
∗By N . A . Lange, Ph .D ., Handbook Publishers, Inc ., Sandusky, Ohio . Abridged from table of Physical Constants of Organic Compounds in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry.
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
12.820
2.718
10.0 20
3.418
v. s.
v. sl. s.
1.7 0
2.6 0
1.10
0.97 11
0.5 20
0.47
311
v. sl. s.
0 .315
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
2 .7 22
420
214
5 .5 30
2 .830
sl . s .
sl . s .
3 .630
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
i .
i .
i .
0 .0216
i .
0 .05 50
i .
sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
0 .322
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
sl . s .
i .
0 .125
v . sl . s .
i .
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
s.
s.
4.30
s.
40
v. s.
sl. s.
i. bz.
i.
i.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
(Continued )
2-28
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Amylene (n-)(α-)
(i-)
(α-)
(-n)(β-)
(i-)(β-)
Anethole (p-)
Anhydroformald-aniline
Aniline
hydrochloride
nitrate
sulfate
Anisal-acetone (p-)
Anisic acid (p-)
aldehyde (p-)
Anisidine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Anisole
Anthracene
Anthramine (α)
(β)
Anthranil
Anthranilic acid (o-)
Anthrapurpurin (1-,2-,7-)
Anthraquinone
disulfonate Na2 (1-,5-)
(1-,8-)
(2-,6-)
(2-,7-)
sulfonate Na (1-)
(2-)
Anthrarufin (1-,5-)
Antipyrene
Apiole
Arabinose (α)(d- or l-)
(dl-)
Arachidic acid
Arsanilic acid (p-)
Asparagine (l-)
Aspirin (o-)
Atropic acid
Auramine
Aurine, coralline (4-,4′-)
Azo-anisole (2-,2′-)
benzene
Azoxybenzene
Barbituric acid
Benzal acetone
Benzaldehyde
Benzamide
Benzanilide
Benzene
sulfinic acid
sulfonic acid
sulfonic amide
sulfonic chloride
Benzidine (4-,4′-)
disulfonic acid (2-,2′-)
(3-,3′-)
Benzil
Benzoic acid
anhydride
nitrile
Synonym
pentene-1
2-methyl-butene-3
2-methyl-butene-1
pentene-2
2-methyl-butene-2
p-propenyl anisole
methylene aniline
amino benzene, phenyl amine,
cyanol
aniline salt, aniline chloride
MeO-benzalacetone
2-amino-anisole
MeO-aniline(m)
4-amino anisole
methyl phenyl ether
paranaphthalene, anthracin
green oil
α-amino-anthracene
β-amino-anthracene
diphenyleneketone,
dihydrodiketoanthracene
ρ-anthraquinone disulfonate
x-anthraquinone disulfonate
1-ph-2,3-diMepyrazolone-5
1-allyl-2, 5-diMeO-3,4 methylenedioxybenzene
eicosanoic acid
α-phenyl acrylic acid
4,4′-dimethylaminobenzophenomide
diMeO-azobenzene
diphenyldiimide
malonyl urea
Me-cinnamyl ketone
artificial almond oil
benzol, phenyl hydride,
cyclohexatriene
benzene sulfonamide
benzene sulfonyl chloride
dibenzoyl
phenyl cyanide
Formula
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
20
C2H5CH2CH:CH2
(CH3)2CHCH:CH2
(C2H5)(CH3)C:CH2
C2H5CH:CHCH3
(CH3)2C:CHCH3
CH3CH:CH⋅C6H4OCH3
(CH2NC6H5)3
C6H5NH2
70 .13
70 .13
70 .13
70 .13
70 .13
148 .20
315 .41
93 .13
lq.
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lf ./al .
pr ./al .
col . oil
0.644
0 .63215
0 .667 0/0
0 .650 20/4
0 .66319/4
0 .99120/20
C6H5NH2⋅HCl
C6H5NH2⋅HNO3
(C6H5NH2)2⋅H2SO4
CH3OC6H4CH:CHCOCH3
CH3OC6H4CO2H
CH3OC6H4CHO
CH3OC6H4NH2
CH3OC6H4NH2
CH3OC6H4NH2
CH3OC6H5
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H4
129 .59
156 .14
284 .33
176 .21
152 .15
136 .15
123 .15
123 .15
123 .15
108 .14
178 .23
cr .
rhb .
lf ./al .
lf ./et .
mn ./aq .
col . oil
col . lq .
oil
pl ./aq .
col . lq .
col . mn .
1 .222 4
1 .356 4
1 .377 4
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3NH2
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3NH2
C6H4:(NH)CO
H2NC6H4CO2H
C14H5O2(OH)3
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H4
193 .24
193 .24
119 .12
137 .14
256 .21
208 .21
yel ./al .
yel ./al .
col . oil
col . rhb .
or . nd ./al .
yel . rhb .
C14H6O2(SO3Na)2⋅5H2O
C14H6O2(SO3Na)2⋅4H2O
C14H6O2(SO3Na)2⋅7H2O
C14H6O2(SO3Na)2⋅4H2O
C14H7O2SO3Na
C14H7O2SO3Na
C14H6O2(OH)2
C11H12ON2
C12H14O4
502 .38
484 .36
538 .41
484 .36
310 .26
310 .26
240 .21
188 .23
222 .24
yel . lf .
yel . pr .
col . cr .
cr .
yel . lf .
silv . lf .
yel . lf .
mn ./aq .
col . nd .
1 .088113/4
1 .0220/4
CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO
CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO
CH3(CH2)18CO2H
H2N⋅C6H4 .AsO3H2
HO2C⋅C2H3(NH2)⋅CONH2
CH3CO2⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
C6H5C(:CH2)⋅CO2H
[(CH3)2NC6H4]2C:NH
150 .13
150 .13
312 .53
217 .05
132 .12
180 .16
148 .16
267 .37
rhb . pr .
1 .585 20/4
col . lf .
nd ./aq .
rhb .
nd ./aq .
nd ./aq .
col ./al .
(HOC6H4)2C:C6H4:O
(CH3O⋅C6H4N:)2
C6H5N:N⋅C6H5
(C6H5)2N2O
CO:(NHCO)2:CH2⋅2H2O
C6H5CH:CHCOCH3
C6H5CHO
C6H5CONH2
C6H5CONHC6H5
C6H6
290 .31
242 .27
182 .22
198 .22
164 .12
146 .19
106 .12
121 .14
197 .23
78 .11
red
or . pr .
or . mn .
yel . rhb .
col ./aq .
pl .
col . lq .
col . pr .
lf ./al .
col . lq .
C6H5SO2H
C6H5SO3H
C6H5SO2NH2
C6H5SO2Cl
NH2⋅C6H4⋅C6H4⋅NH2
(⋅C6H3(NH2)SO3H)2⋅3H2O
(⋅C6H3(NH2)SO3H)2
C6H5CO⋅COC6H5
C6H5CO2H
(C6H5CO)2O
C6H5CN
142 .18
158 .18
157 .19
176 .62
184 .24
398 .41
344 .36
210 .23
122 .12
226 .23
103 .12
pr ./aq .
col . nd .
mn ./aq .
cr .
cr ./aq .
pr ./aq .
1 .38415/15
83–4
65–6
156
14 .5
128–9
d . >175
pr .
mn . pr .
rhb ./et .
col . lq .
1 .2315
1 .26615/4
1 .19915/4
1 .00125/6
95
121 .7
42
−12 .9
1 .02220/4
1 .385 4
1 .123 20/4
1 .09815/15
1 .096 20/4
1 .089 55/55
0 .990 22/4
1 .25 27/4
1 .18715/4
1 .438 20/4
1 .54315/4
1 .20320/4
1 .248 20/20
1 .035 20/20
1 .046 20/4
1 .341
1 .314
0 .879 20/4
−135
−139
−124
22 .5
143
−6 .2
Boiling
point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
30–1
20 .5 771
31–2758
36 .4
37–8
235 .3
185
184 .4
i.
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
3 .618
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
sl . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
245
s .
s .
sl . s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
1 .520
i .
sl . s .
i .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
198
d . 190
d .
73–4
184 .2
2 .5
5 .2
<−12
57 .2
−37 .3
217–8
275–80
247–8
225
251
243
154–5
340–2
1815
s .
514
i .
0 .0319
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
s . h .
i .
i .
130±
238
<−18
144–5
369
286
subl .
d . >215
subl .
462
379–81
i .
i .
sl . s . h .
0 .35 14
sl . s . h .
i .
s .
sl . s .
s .
1110
v . s . h .
0 .0518
sl . s .
s .
167
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
subl .
319174
294
v . s .
sl . s .
3 .920
30 .5 20
0 .5320
0 .8425
i .
100 25
i
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
sl . s .
100
s .
i .
i .
i .
s .
sl . s .
s .
280
113(109)
30
159 .5
164 .5
77
232
227–35
135–6
106–7
136
310 d .
153
68
36
d . 245
41–2
−26
130
163
5 .5
328
d . 235
267 d .
297
d .
260–2
179
290
117–910
80 .1
d . > 100
d .
251 .5
400740
348 d .
249 .2
360
190 .7
460
16 .910
i .
v . s . h .
3 .128
137
0 .1 c .
i .
0 .59°
i .
s . h .
v . s . h .
i . c .
s .
s .
720
v . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
s . h .
i .
0 .3
1 .35 25
i .
0 .07 22
s .
s .
4 .220
11 .415
sl . s .
s .
∞
1725
430
s .
s .
s .
∞
sl . s .
sl . s .
∞
v . s . h .
v . s .
0 .4316
i .
1 h .
0 .09 25
v . sl . s .
i .
0 .217
i .
1100
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
1 h .
i .
v . s .
i .
v . s .
s .
2
i .
v . s .
4615
s .
∞
v . s .
6615
s .
∞
520
s .
2 .320
s .
s .
2-29
Benzoin (dl-)
Benzophenone
Benzotrichloride
Benzoyl-benzoic acid (o-)
-chloride
-peroxide
Benzyl acetate
alcohol
amine
aniline
benzoate
butyrate
chloride
ether
formate
propionate
Berberonic acid (2-,4-,5-)
Biuret
Borneol (dl-)
(d- or l-)
(iso-)
Bornyl acetate (d-)
Bromo-aniline (p-)
-benzene
-camphor (3-)(d-)
-diphenyl (p-)
-naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
-phenol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-styrene (ω)(1)
(2)
-toluene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Bromoform
Butadiene (1-,2-)
(1-,3-)
Butadienyl acetylene
Butane
(i-)
Butyl acetate (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(tert-)
alcohol (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(tert-)
amine (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(t-)
p-aminophenol (N)(n)
(N)(i-)
aniline (n-)
(i-)
arsonic acid (n-)
benzoate (n-)
(i-)
bromide (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(t-)
butyrate (n-)(n-)
(n-)(i-)
(i-)(i-)
caproate
carbamate (i-)
cellosolve (n-)
diphenyl ketone
phenyl chloroform
phenyl carbinol
ω-amino toluene
phenyl-benzylamine
ω-chlorotoluene
dibenzyl ether
allophanamide
phenyl bromide
α-bromocamphor
α-naphthyl bromide
β-naphthyl bromide
o-tolyl bromide
tribromo-methane
methyl-allene
erythrene
diethyl
trimethyl-methane
butanol-1
butanol-2
2-methyl-propanol-1
2-methyl-propanol-2
1-bromo-butane
2-bromo-butane
1-Br-2-Me-propane
2-Br-2-Me-propane
2-BuO-ethanol-1
C6H5CO⋅CHOHC6H5
C6H5COC6H5
C6H5CCl3
C6H5COC6H4CO2H⋅H2O
C6H5COCl
(C6H5CO)2O2
CH3CO2CH2C6H5
C6H5CH2OH
C6H5CH2NH2
C6H5CH2NHC6H5
C6H5CO2CH2C6H5
C2H5CH2CO2CH2C6H5
C6H5CH2Cl
(C6H5CH2)2O
HCO2CH2C6H5
C2H5CO2CH2C6H5
C5H2N(CO2H)3⋅2H2O
NH(CONH2)2
C10H17OH
C10H17OH
C10H17OH
CH3CO2C10H17
BrC6H4NH2
C6H5Br
BrC10H15O
BrC6H4⋅C6H5
C10H7Br
C10H7Br
BrC6H4OH
BrC6H4OH
BrC6H4OH
C6H5CH:CHBr
C6H5CH:CHBr
CH3⋅C6H4Br
CH3⋅C6H4Br
CH3⋅C6H4Br
CHBr3
CH3CH:C:CH2
CH2:CHCH:CH2
CH2:(CH)2:CH⋅C⋮CH
CH3CH2CH2CH3
(CH3)2CHCH3
CH3CO2(CH2)2C2H5
CH3CO2CH(CH3)C2H5
CH3CO2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3CO2C(CH3)3
C2H5CH2CH2OH
C2H5CH(OH)CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2OH
(CH3)3COH
C2H5CH2CH2NH2
C2H5CH(NH2)CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2NH2
(CH3)3CNH2
C4H9NH⋅C6H4⋅OH
C4H9NH⋅C6H4⋅OH
C4H9NHC6H5
C4H9NHC6H5
C4H9AsO(OH)2
C6H5CO2C4H9
C6H5CO2C4H9
C2H5CH2CH2Br
C2H5CH(Br)CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2Br
(CH3)3CBr
C2H5CH2CO2CH2CH2C2H5
C2H5CH2CO2CH2CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CHCO2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3(CH2)4CO2C4H9
NH2CO2CH2CH(CH3)2
C4H9OCH2CH2OH
212 .24
182 .22
195 .47
244 .24
140 .57
242 .23
150 .17
108 .14
107 .15
183 .25
212 .24
178 .23
126 .58
198 .26
136 .15
164 .20
247 .16
103 .08
154 .25
154 .25
154 .25
196 .29
172 .02
157 .01
231 .13
233 .10
207 .07
207 .07
173 .01
173 .01
173 .01
183 .05
183 .05
171 .03
171 .03
171 .03
252 .73
54 .09
54 .09
78 .11
58 .12
58 .12
116 .16
116 .16
116 .16
116 .16
74 .12
74 .12
74 .12
74 .12
73 .14
73 .14
73 .14
73 .14
165 .23
165 .23
149 .23
149 .23
182 .05
178 .23
178 .23
137 .02
137 .02
137 .02
137 .02
144 .21
144 .21
144 .21
172 .26
117 .15
118 .17
mn.
col. rhb.
col. lq.
tri./aq.
col. lq.
rhb ./et .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
mn . pr .
nd .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
tri .
nd ./al .
col . cr .
col . cr .
col . cr .
rhb ./pet .
rhb .
col . lq .
cr .
cr ./al .
col . oil
lf ./al .
col . lq .
cr .
tet . cr .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr ./al .
col . lq .
lq .
col . gas
col . lq .
col . gas
col . gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
oil
col . lf .
col . oil
col . oil
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lf .
col . lq .
1.08354
1.38014
1.21220/4
1 .05717
1 .04320/4
0 .98220/4
1 .065 25/25
1 .1220/4
1 .01616/18
1 .100 20/20
1 .03616
1 .08123
1 .03616/17
20/4
1 .011
1 .01120/4
0 .99115
1 .820
1 .495 20/4
1 .449 20/4
1 .48220/4
1 .605 0
1 .55380
1 .588 80
1 .42220/4
1 .427 20/4
1 .42220/4
1 .410 20/4
1 .390 20/4
2 .890 20/4
0 .62120/4
0 .773 20/4
0 .600
0 .600
0 .882 20
0 .865 25/4
0 .87120/4
0 .866 20/4
0 .810 20/4
0 .808 20/4
0 .80517 .5
0 .779 26
0 .739 25/4
0 .724 20/4
0 .73220/20
0 .69818/4
133–7
48.5
−4.75
93(128)
−0.5
108 d .
−51 .5
−15 .3
37–8
21
238–40
−39
3 .6
243
192–3 d .
210 .5
208–9
212
29
63–4
−30 .6
77–8
90–1
5–6
59
5 .6
32–3
63 .5
7
−7 .5
−28
−39 .8
28 .5
8–9
−108 .9
−135
−145
−76 .3
−98 .9
−79 .9
−114 .7
−108
25 .5
−50
−104
−85
−67 .5
71
79
0 .940 20/4
1 .005 25/25
0 .997 25/25
1 .277 20/4
1 .25125/4
1 .258 25/4
1 .21120/4
0 .87220/20
0 .86318/4
0 .875 0/4
0 .8820/0
0 .95676/4
0 .90320/4
158–9
−22
−112 .4
−112
−118 .5
−16 .2
−80 .7
65
344768
305.4
220.7
197.2
expl .
213 .5
204 .7
184 .5
306750
323–4
i .
179 .4
295–8
202–3747
220–2
subl .
212–3
226–7
156 .2
274
310
281 .1
281–2
194–5
236–7
238
221
10826
181 .8
183 .7
184–5
150 .5
18–9
−4 .41
83–6
−0 .6
−10
125 740
112744
118
95–6760
117
99 .5
107–8
82 .9
77 .8
66772
68–9
45 .2
235720
231–2
249–50
241 .5
101 .6
91 .3
91 .5
73 .3
165 .7736
156 .9
148–9
204 .3
206–7
171 .2
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
sl. s.
d.
i .
i .
417
∞
i .
i .
v . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
1 .30
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i . c .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
s .
1 .415
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
0 .1 c .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
0 .7
i .
0 .625
i .
915
12 .520
1015
∞
∞
∞
∞
i .
i .
i .
0 .0115
s .
i .
i .
0 .0616
i .
0 .0618
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
∞
s. h.
6.515
s.
sl. s.
1513
s.
d. h.
s . h .
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
s . h .
s .
sl . s . h .
s .
∞
s .
∞
i .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
s .
2026
s .
s .
620
s .
s .
v . s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
v . s .
∞
v . s .
34 25
∞
v . s .
∞
s .
v . s .
∞
∞
∞25
s .
∞25
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
v . s .
i .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
s .
∞
(Continued )
2-30
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
chloride (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(t-)
dimethylbenzene (t-)(1-,3-,5-)
formate (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
furoate (n-)
iodide (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(t-)
lactate (n-)
mercaptan (n-)
(i-)
(t-)
methacrylate (n-)
(i-)
phenol (p-)(t-)
propionate (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
stearate (n-)
(i-)
iso-thiocyanate (n-)
(i-)
(s-)(d-)
(t-)
valerate (n-)(n-)
(i-)(n-)
(i-)(s-)
(i-)(i-)
Butylene (α-)
(β-)
Butyraldehyde (n-)
(i-)
Butyric acid (n-)
(i-)
amide (n-)
(i-)
anhydride (n-)
(i-)
anilide (n-)
Caffeic acid (3-,4-)
Caffeine
Camphene (dl-)
(d- or l-)
Camphor (d-)
Camphoric acid (d-)
Cantharidine
Capric acid
Caproic acid (n-)
(i-)
Caprylic acid (n-)
Carbazole
Carbitol
Carbon disulfide
monoxide
suboxide
tetrabromide
tetrachloride
tetrafluoride
Carbonyl sulfide
Carminic acid
Carvacrol (1-,2-,4-)
Synonym
1-chloro-butane
2-chloro-butane
1-Cl2-2-Me-propane
2-Cl2-2-Me-propane
1-iodo-butane
2-iodo-butane
1-iodo-2-Me-propane
2-iodo-2-Me-propane
butanthiol-1
2-Me-propanthiol-1
butyl mustard oil
iso-Bu mustard oil
butene-1
butene-2
2-Me-propanol
butanoic acid
2-Me-propanoic acid
n-butyramide
iso-butyramide
n-butyranilide
decanoic acid
hexanoic acid
2-Me-pentanoic-5 acid
octanoic acid
diphenylenelimine, dibenzopyrrole
diethylene glycol mono-Et ether
tetrabromomethane
tetrachloromethane
tetrafluoromethane
Formula
C2H5CH2CH2Cl
C2H5⋅CHCl⋅CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2Cl
(CH3)3CCl
(CH3)3C⋅C6H3:(CH3)2
HCO2CH2CH2C2H5
HCO2CH(CH3)C2H5
HCO2CH2CH(CH3)2
OC4H3CO2C4H9
C2H5CH2CH2I
C2H5CHICH3
(CH3)2CHCH2I
(CH3)3CI
CH3CH(OH)CO2C4H9
C2H5CH2CH2SH
(CH3)2CHCH2SH
(CH3)3CSH
CH2:C(CH3)CO2C4H9
CH2:C(CH3)CO2C4H9
(CH3)3C⋅C6H4⋅OH
C2H5CO2C4H9
C2H5CO2C4H9
C2H5CO2C4H9
CH3(CH2)16CO2C4H9
CH3(CH2)16CO2C4H9
C2H5CH2CH2⋅N:CS
(CH3)2CHCH2⋅N:CS
C4H9⋅N:CS
(CH3)3C⋅N:CS
CH3(CH2)3CO2(CH2)3CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2(CH2)3CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2C4H9
C4H9CO2C4H9
C2H5CH:CH2
CH3CH:CHCH3
CH3CH2CH2CHO
(CH3)2CHCHO
C2H5CH2CO2H
(CH3)2CHCO2H
C2H5CH2CONH2
(CH3)2CHCONH2
(C2H5CH2CO)2O
[(CH3)2CHCO]2O
C3H7CONHC6H5
(HO)2C6H3C2H2CO2H
C8H10O2N4⋅H2O
C10H16
C10H16
C10H16O
C8H14(CO2H)2
C10H12O4
CH3(CH2)8CO2H
CH3(CH2)4CO2H
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2⋅CO2H
CH3(CH2)6CO2H
(C6H4)2NH
C2H5O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH
CS2
CO
OC:C:CO
CBr4
CCl4
CF4
COS
C22H20O13
CH3C6H3(OH)CH(CH3)2
Formula
weight
92 .57
92 .57
92 .57
92 .57
162 .27
102 .13
102 .13
102 .13
168 .19
184 .02
184 .02
184 .02
184 .02
146 .18
90 .19
90 .19
90 .19
142 .20
142 .20
150 .22
130 .18
130 .18
130 .18
340 .58
340 .58
115 .20
115 .20
115 .20
115 .20
158 .24
158 .24
158 .24
158 .24
56 .11
56 .11
72 .11
72 .11
88 .11
88 .11
87 .12
87 .12
158 .19
158 .19
163 .22
180 .16
212 .21
136 .23
136 .23
152 .23
200 .23
196 .20
172 .26
116 .16
116 .16
144 .21
167 .21
134 .17
76 .14
28 .01
68 .03
331 .63
153 .82
88 .00
60 .08
492 .39
150 .22
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
col. lq.
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
nd ./aq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
wax
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . gas
col . gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
rhb .
mn . pl .
col . lq .
col . lq .
mn . pr .
yel ./aq .
nd ./al .
cr .
cr .
trig .
mn .
cr .
col . nd .
oily lq .
col . oil
col . lf .
lf .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . gas
gas
col . mn .
col . lq .
gas
col . gas
red pd .
col . lq .
0.887 20
0 .87120/4
0 .88415
0 .84715
−123.1
−131
−131 .2
−26 .5
77.9763
67 .8767
68 .9
51–2
200–2147
106 .9
97
98 .2
118–2025
129 .9
118–9
120
99
75–66
97–8
88
65–7
155
155
236–8
146
132 .5
136 .8
220–525
0 .9110
0 .88220/4
0 .885 20/4
1 .056 20/4
1 .617 20/4
1 .595 20
1 .606 20/4
1 .370 19/15
0 .968
0 .837 25/4
0 .836 20/4
0 .889 15 .6
0 .889 15 .6
0 .908 112/4
0 .88315
0 .866 20/4
0 .888 0/4
0 .855 25/25
0 .95611
0 .96414/4
0 .943 20/4
0 .91910
0 .87015/4
0 .862 25/4
0 .848 20/4
0 .8740/4
0 .69
20/4
0 .817
0 .79420/4
0 .96420/4
0 .949 20/4
1 .032
1 .013
0 .968 20/20
0 .950 25/4
1 .134
1 .2319
0 .82278
0 .845 50/4
0 .999 9/9
1 .186
0 .889 87
0 .922 20/4
0 .925 20/4
0 .910 20/4
0 .990 20/20
1 .263 20/4
0 .81−195/4
1 .1140
3 .42
1 .595 20/4
1 .24−87
0 .977
20/4
−95 .3
−103 .5
−104
−90 .7
−34
−116
<−79
99
−89 .55
−71 .4
27 .5
25
10 .5
−93
−130
−127
−99
−65 .9
−4 .7
−47
115–6
129–30
−75
−53 .5
92
195–213
237
50
42 .7
178–9
187
212
31 .5
−1 .5
−35
16
244 .8
−108 .6
−207
−107
90 .1(48)
−22 .6
−138 .2
d . 136
0 .5
165724
162
159–63
140770
186
168 .8
163–4752
168 .7
−5758
3746
75 .7
64757
163 .5757
154 .5
216
216–20
199 .5
181 .5734
18915
d .
subl .
160
159 .6
209 .1759
268–70
202761
207 .7
237 .5
354 .8
201 .9
46 .3
−192
7761
189 .5
76 .8
−128
−50 .2760
238
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
0.0718
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
1 .122
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
sl . s .
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
0 .3 25
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
4
1120
∞
20 20
16 .315
v . s .
d .
d .
i .
s . h .
2
i .
i .
0 .1
0 .612
0 .003
0 .003
1 .120
v . sl . s .
0 .0715
i .
∞
0 .20
3 .50 cc .
d .
0 .0230
0 .0820
sl . s .
8014 cc .
s .
v . sl . s .
Alcohol
Ether
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
d
d
s .
s .
2
s .
s .
12012
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
sl . s .
sl . s .
∞
∞
s .
sl . s .
0 .3
s .
s .
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
0 .9214
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
sl . s .
s .
∞
s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
s .
v . sl . s .
∞
2-31
Carvacrylamine (2-,1-,4-)
Carvone (d-)
Cellosolve
acetate
Cellulose
Cetyl acetate
alcohol
Chloral
hydrate
Chloranil
Chloretone
Chloro-acetanilide (p-)
-acetic acid
-acetone
-acetophenone (ω-)
-acetyl chloride
-aniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-anthraquinone (1-)
(2-)
-benzaldehyde (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-benzene
-benzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-buta-1,3-diene (2-)
(1-)
-buta-1,2-diene (4-)
-dimethylhydantoin
-dinitrobenzene (α)(1-,2-)(4-)
(α)(1-,3-)(4-)
-diphenyl (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-hydroquinone
-naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
-nitrobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-nitrotoluene (2-,4-)
(2-,6-)
-phenol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-propionic acid (α)(dl-)
-toluene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Chloroform
Chlorophyll (α-)
Chloropicrin
Cholesterol
Chrysene
Chrysoidine (2-,4-)
Chrysophanic acid
Cinchomeronic acid (3-,4-)
Cineole, eucalyptole
Cinnamic acid (cis-)
(trans-)
aldehyde
Cinnamyl alcohol
cinnamate
Citraconic acid (cis-)
Citral (α)
Citric acid
Citronellal (d-)
Citronellol (d-)
Coniine (d-)(2-)
H2NC6H3(CH3)C3H7
C10H14O
C2H5O(CH2)2OH
CH3CO2CH2CH2OC2H5
(C6H10O5)x
CH3CO2(CH2)15CH3
CH3(CH2)14CH2OH
CCl3⋅CHO
CCl3⋅CH(OH)2
OC:(CCl⋅CCl)2:CO
Cl3C⋅C(OH)(CH3)2
CH3CONHC6H4CI
ClCH2CO2H
CH3COCH2Cl
C6H5COCH2Cl
ClCH2COCl
ClC6H4NH2
ClC6H4NH2
ClC6H4NH2
C6H4(CO)2C6H3Cl
C6H4(CO)2C6H3Cl
ClC6H4CHO
ClC6H4CHO
ClC6H4CHO
C6H5Cl
ClC6H4CO2H
ClC6H4CO2H
ClC6H4CO2H
CH2:CCl⋅CH:CH2
CH2:CH⋅CH:CHCl
CH2:C:CH⋅CH2Cl
—C(CH3)2N(Cl)CON(Cl)CO—
ClC6H3(NO2)2
ClC6H3(NO2)2
C6H5⋅C6H4Cl
C6H5⋅C6H4Cl
C6H5⋅C6H4Cl
ClC6H3(OH)2
C10H7Cl
C10H7Cl
ClC6H4NO2
ClC6H4NO2
ClC6H4NO2
CH3C6H3(NO2)(Cl)
CH3C6H3(NO2)(Cl)
ClC6H4OH
ClC6H4OH
ClC6H4OH
CH3⋅CHCl⋅CO2H
CH3⋅C6H4Cl
CH3⋅C6H4Cl
CH3⋅C6H4Cl
CHCl3
C55H72O5N4Mg
Cl3CNO2
C27H45OH⋅H2O
C18H12
C6H5⋅N:N⋅C6H3(NH2)2
C14H5(OH)2(CH3)O2
C5H3N(CO2H)2
C10H18O
C6H5CH:CHCO2H
C6H5CH:CHCO2H
C6H5CH:CHCHO
C6H5CH:CHCH2OH
C8H7CO2C9H9
CH3C(CO2H):CHCO2H
C9H15CHO
C3H4(OH)(CO2H)3
C9H17⋅CHO
C10H20O
C3H7⋅C5H10N
149 .23
150 .22
90 .12
132 .16
162 .14
284 .48
242 .44
147 .39
165 .40
245 .88
177 .46
169 .61
94 .50
92 .52
154 .59
112 .94
127 .57
127 .57
127 .57
242 .66
242 .66
140 .57
140 .57
140 .57
112 .56
156 .57
156 .57
156 .57
88 .54
88 .54
88 .54
197 .02
202 .55
202 .55
188 .65
188 .65
188 .65
144 .56
162 .62
162 .62
157 .55
157 .55
157 .55
171 .58
171 .58
128 .56
128 .56
128 .56
108 .52
126 .58
126 .58
126 .58
119 .38
893 .49
164 .38
404 .67
228 .29
212 .25
254 .24
167 .12
154 .25
148 .16
148 .16
132 .16
134 .18
264 .32
130 .10
152 .23
192 .12
154 .25
156 .27
127 .23
oil
col. lq.
col . lq .
col . lq .
amor .
nd .
lf .
col . lq .
mn . pr .
yel ./bz .
col . cr .
rhb .
col . cr .
col . lq .
rhb .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
rhb .
yel . nd .
nd ./al .
nd .
pr .
pr .
col . lq .
mn ./aq .
pr .
tri .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr ./et .
rhb ./et .
cr .
cr .
lf .
mn .
col . lq .
lf ./al .
mn . nd .
yel ./al .
mn . pr .
cr .
cr .
col . lq .
nd .
nd .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
rhb ./al .
col . rhb .
yel . cr .
yel ./al .
cr ./HCl
col . oil
mn . pr .
mn . pr .
lq .
nd .
nd . or pr .
nd .
col . oil
cr .
col . oil
col . oil
col . lq .
0.99420
0.96120/4
0 .93120/4
0 .975 20/4
1 .3–1 .4
0 .858 20
0 .818 50/4
1 .505 25/4
1 .619 50/4
1 .385 22
1 .58 20/20
1 .16216
1 .32415
1 .498 20/20
1 .21320/4
1 .216 20/4
1 .42719
1 .298
1 .25015
1 .196 61
1 .107 20/4
1 .544 25/4
1 .496 25/4
1 .54124
0 .958 20/20
0 .965 20/20
0 .99120/20
1 .5 20/20
1 .697
22
1 .194 20/4
1 .26616
1 .305 80/4
1 .34350/4
1 .298 91
1 .256 80
1 .24118/15
1 .268 25
1 .306 20/4
1 .306 9
1 .082 20/4
1 .07220/4
1 .070 20/4
1 .489 20
1 .65123/4
1 .067
20
0 .927
1 .2844
1 .245
1 .110 20/20
1 .040 35/35
1 .08516 .5
1 .617
0 .89017/4
1 .54220/4
0 .85517 .5
0 .84820/4
0 .84717
−16
−70
22–3
49–50
−57
51 .7
290
97
175–6
61 .2
−44 .5
58–9
0
−10 .4
70–1
162
208–9
11
17–8
47 .8
−45 .2
141–2
158
242–3
130
39(36)
53(43)
34
89
77 .5
106
−20
56–7
32 .5
44 .4(24)
83–4
38 .2
37 .5
7(0)
32–3
41–3
<−20
−34
−47 .8
7 .5
−63 .5
d .
−64
149–51
253–4
117 .5
195
258–9 d .
1 .5
68
133
−7 .5
33
44
92–3
153
−2
241
230766
135 .1
156 .3
i .
20015
189 .515
97 .6768
d . 98
subl .
167
189 .5
121
245–7
105
210 .5
230767
230–1
subl .
208748
213–4
213748
132 .1
subl .
59 .4
69
88
315 d .
315 d .
267–8
284–5
282
263 sl . d .
259 .3
264751
245 .5753
235 .6
242761
240718
238
175–6
214
217
186
159 .5
161 .6
162 .2
61 .2
i .
112 .3766
subl .
448
subl .
subl . d .
176–7
12519
300
252 sl . d .
257 .5
229
d .
204–8
224–5
166–7
v. sl. s.
i.
∞
22
i .
i .
i .
v . s .
47417
i .
0 .8 c .
sl . s .
v . s .
∞
0 .11
d .
i .
i .
s . h .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
s . h .
0 .049 20
0 .20825
0 .04125
0 .00825
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
d .
0 .2125
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
2 .8520
2 .6020
2 .7120
∞
i .
i .
i .
0 .8220
s .
0 .1718
0 .2620
i .
sl . s . h .
i . c .
v . sl . s .
1 .915
0 .0418
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
i .
36025
i .
207 .725
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
1 .1
s.
∞
∞
∞
i .
v . sl . s . c .
s .
∞
v . s .
i . c .
111
s .
s .
∞
v . s .
d .
s .
sl . s . h .
s.
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
s .
i . c .
s .
v . s .
s .
∞
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
v . s . h .
s . h .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
s . h .
v . s . h .
v . s . h .
v . s .
∞
v . s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s .
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
1 .117
0 .116
s .
s . h .
sl . s .
∞
s .
18
v . sl . s .
s .
sl . s .
i .
∞
2420
s .
v . s .
4 c .
s .
∞
7615
∞
∞
v . s .
v . s .
∞
v . s .
33
s .
∞
215
∞
∞
v . s .
(Continued )
2-32
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Coumaric acid (o-)
(p-)
Coumarin
Coumarone
Creatine
Creatinine
Creosol (3-,1-,4-)
Cresidine (1-,2-,4-)
Cresol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Cresyl benzoate (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Crotonic acid (α-)
acid (β-)(cis-)
aldehyde (α)
Cumene
Cumic acid (p-)
Cumidine (p-)
Cyanamide
Cyanic acid
Cyanoacetic acid
Cyanogen
bromide
chloride
Cyanuric acid
Cyclo-butane
-heptane
-hexane
-hexanol
-hexanone
-hexene
-hexyl acetate
amine
bromide
chloride
-pentadiene (1-,3-)
-pentane
-pentanone
-propane
Cymene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Cystine (l-)
Dambose
Decahydronaphthalene (cis-)
(trans-)
Decane (n-)
Decyl alcohol
Dextrin
Diacetone alcohol
Diamino-benzophenone (4-,4′-)
-diphenylamine (4-,4′-)
-diphenylmethane (4-,4′-)
-diphenylurea (4-,4′-)
Diamyl-amine (i-)
ether (n-)
(i-)
Diamyl ketone (i-)
phthalate (n-)
(i-)
tartrate (i-)
Dianisidine (o-)(4-,3-)2
Diazo-aminobenzene
-aminotoluene (2-,2′-)
-methane
Formula
HOC6H4CH:CHCO2H
HOC6H4CH:CHCO2H
C9H6O2
C8H6O
C4H9N3O2⋅H2O
C4H7N3O
CH3O⋅C6H3(CH3)OH
CH3(NH2)C6H3⋅OCH3
CH3C6H4OH
CH3C6H4OH
CH3C6H4OH
C6H5CO2C6H4CH3
C6H5CO2C6H4CH3
C6H5CO2C6H4CH3
CH3CH:CHCO2H
CH3CH:CHCO2H
CH3CH:CHCHO
C6H5CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CH⋅C6H4CO2H
(CH3)2CH⋅C6H4NH2
H2N⋅CN
HOCN or HNCO
CH2(CN)CO2H
(CN)2
BrCN
ClCN
C3H3O3N3⋅2H2O
CH2 < (CH2)2 > CH2
CH2 < (CH2CH2CH2)2 >
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CH2
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHOH
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CO
(⋅CH2⋅CH2CH:)2
CH3CO2C6H11
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHNH2
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHBr
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHCl
CH2 < (CH:CH)2 >
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 >
< (CH2CH2)2 > CO
< CH2CH2CH2 >
CH3⋅C6H4CH(CH3)2
CH3⋅C6H4CH(CH3)2
CH3⋅C6H4CH(CH3)2
[⋅SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H]2
C6H6(OH)6
C10H18
C10H18
CH3(CH2)8CH3
CH3(CH2)8CH2OH
(C6H10O5)x
(CH3)2C(OH)⋅CH2COCH3
H2NC6H4COC6H4NH2
H2NC6H4NHC6H4NH2
H2NC6H4CH2C6H4NH2
(H2NC6H4NH)2CO
[(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2NH
(C2H5CH2CH2CH2)2O
[(CH3)2CH(CH2)2]2O
[(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2CO
C6H4(CO2C5H11)2
C6H4(CO2C5H11)2
(HOCH⋅CO2C5H11)2
[NH2(OCH3)C6H3⋅]2
C6H5N:N⋅NHC6H5
C7H7N:N⋅NHC7H7
CH2:N2
Formula
weight
164 .16
164 .16
146 .14
118 .13
149 .15
113 .12
138 .16
137 .18
108 .14
108 .14
108 .14
212 .24
212 .24
212 .24
86 .09
86 .09
70 .09
120 .19
164 .20
135 .21
42 .04
43 .02
85 .06
52 .03
105 .92
61 .47
165 .10
56 .11
98 .19
84 .16
100 .16
98 .14
82 .14
142 .20
99 .17
163 .06
118 .60
66 .10
70 .13
84 .12
42 .08
134 .22
134 .22
134 .22
240 .30
180 .16
138 .25
138 .25
142 .28
158 .28
162 .14
116 .16
212 .25
199 .25
198 .26
242 .28
157 .30
158 .28
158 .28
170 .29
306 .40
306 .40
290 .35
244 .29
197 .24
225 .29
42 .04
Form and
color
nd./aq.
cr./aq.
rhb./et.
oil
mn./aq.
mn.
pr.
nd ./pet .
cr .
lq .
pr .
lq .
cr .
cr .
col . mn .
nd .
col . lq .
col . lq .
tri .
lq .
col . nd .
gas
col . lq .
col . gas
nd .
gas
mn ./aq .
col . gas
oil
col . lq .
col . nd .
col . oil
lq .
oil
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . oil
col . oil
col . gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
pl .
mn ./aq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . oil
amor .
lq .
yel . nd .
lf ./aq .
nd ./aq .
cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
yel . oil
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lf .
yel . lf .
or . cr .
gas
Specific
gravity
0.93520/4
1.07815/15
1.09220/20
20/4
1 .048
1 .03420/4
1 .03520/4
79 .7
0 .964
1 .03115/4
0 .85320/20
0 .86220/4
1 .1624
0 .953
1 .07348/4
1 .1400
0 .86617
2 .01520/4
1 .2220
1 .7680/4
0 .7030/4
0 .81020/4
0 .77920/4
0 .96220/4
0 .94719/4
0 .81020/4
0 .9850/4
0 .86520/0
1 .32420/20
0 .97718/4
0 .80519/4
0 .74520/4
0 .94820
0 .720−79
0 .87520/4
0 .86220
0 .85720/4
1 .752
0 .89518/4
0 .87220/4
0 .7302
0 .83020/4
1 .038
0 .93125
0 .76721/4
0 .77420/4
0 .77720/4
0 .82125/4
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
207–8
206–7 d.
70
<−18
295
260 d.
5.5
93–4
30 .8
10 .9
35–6
subl.
55
71 .5
72
15 .5
−69
−96 .9
116–7
<−20
44–5
−80
65–6
−34 .4
52
−6 .5
>360
−50
−12
6 .5
23 .9
−45
−103 .7
−43 .9
−85
−93 .3
−58 .2
−126 .6
<−25
−73 .5
d . 258–61
253
−51
−32
−29 .7
7
−47
237–9
158
93–4
subl . 310
−44
−69
14 .6
1 .03
1 .06315/4
131 .5
96–8
51
−145
290–1
173–4
221–2765
235
190 .8
202 .8
202
308
314
316
189
170–1 d .
102 .2
152 .5
subl .
225761
14019
−640
1080 .2
−21
61 .3750
12 .5–13
d .
11–12726
118–20
80–1
160–1
155–6
83 .3
174750
134
165714
142
41–2
49–50
129–30
−34749
177
175–6
176–7
31915
193 .3
185 .3
174 .0
232 .9
167 .9
d .
249–5315
188–90
190
173 .4
228
204–611
22540
19516
expl .
−23
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
sl. s. c.
s. h.
0.3 c.
i.
1.418
8.716
v. sl. s.
v . sl . s .
2 .5
0 .5
1 .8
i .
i .
i .
8 .315
∞25
18
i .
0 .0225
i .
v . s .
sl . s .
s .
45020 cc .
s .
250020 cc .
0 .2717
i .
i .
i .
3 .620
s .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
0 .0119
212
i .
i .
i .
i .
s .
∞
sl . s . h .
sl . s .
sl . s . c .
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
0 .05
d .
Alcohol
Ether
s.
v. s. h.
v. s.
v. sl. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
i.
0.0117
116
∞
s .
∞30
∞
∞36
s .
∞
∞
s .
v . s .
s .
230020 cc .
s .
v . s .
0 .122
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
i .
i .
s .
s .
∞
s .
i .
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
∞30
∞
∞36
∞
∞
s .
v . s .
s .
s .
50020 cc .
s .
500020 cc .
∞
s .
s .
v . s .
∞
s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
i .
s .
s .
∞
i .
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
s . h .
s .
v . s .
s .
2-33
Dibenzothiazyl-disulfide (2-,2′-)
Dibensoyl methane
Dibensyl-amine
-aniline
ketone
phthalate (o-)
succinate
Dibromo-benzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-diphenyl (4-,4′-)
Dibutyl-adipate (n-)
(i-)
-amine (n-)
(i-)
-p-aminophenol (s-)
-aniline (n-)
carbonate (n-)
(i-)
(s-)
ether (n-)
(i-)
(s-)
ketone (n-)
(i-)
malate (l-)(n-)
oxalate (n-)
phthalate (n-)
tartrate (d-)(n-)
(d-)(i-)
Dichloro-acetic acid
-acetone (αα-)
-aniline (2-,5-)
-anthraquinone (1-,3-)
(1-,4-)
(1-,5-)
(1-,6-)
(1-,8-)
(2-,3-)
(2-,6-)
(2-,7-)
-benzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-butane (n-)(1-,4-)
-diphenyl (4-,4′-)
-ethane (1-,2-)
-naphthalene (β-)(1-,4-)
(γ-)(1-,5-)
-nitrobenzene (2-,5-)
-pentane (1-,5-)
-phenol (2-,4-)
Dichloramine T (p-)
Dicyandiamide
Diethanolamine
Diethyl adipate
-amine
-aminophenol (m-)
-aniline
sulfonic acid (m-)
carbonate
diethyl malonate
Diethyl dimethyl malonate
glutarate
ketone
malonate
-malonic acid
-naphthylamine (α-)
(β-)
oxalate
phthalate (o-)
sulfate
sulfide
(C6H4NSC)2S2
(C6H5CO)2CH2
(C6H5CH2)2NH
C6H5N(CH2C6H5)2
(C6H5CH2)2CO
C6H4(CO2CH2C6H5)2
(⋅CH2CO2CH2C6H5)2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
BrC6H4⋅C6H4Br
(⋅CH2CH2CO2C4H9)2
(⋅CH2CH2CO2C4H9)2
(C2H5CH2CH2)2NH
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2NH
(C4H9)2N⋅C6H4OH
C6H5N(C4H9)2
CO(OC4H9)2
CO(OC4H9)2
CO(OC4H9)2
(C2H5CH2CH2)2O
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2O
[C2H5(CH3)CH]2O
(C2H5CH2CH2)2CO
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2CO
C2H4O(CO2C4H9)2
(⋅CO2C4H9)2
C6H4(CO2C4H9)2
(CHOHCO2C4H9)2
(CHOHCO2C4H9)2
Cl2CH⋅CO2H
Cl2CHCOCH3
Cl2C6H3NH2
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H2Cl2
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H2Cl2
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H2Cl2
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
ClCH2(CH2)2CH2Cl
ClC6H4⋅C6H4Cl
ClCH2⋅CH2Cl
C10H6Cl2
C10H6Cl2
Cl2C6H3NO2
ClCH2(CH2)3CH2Cl
Cl2C6H3OH
CH3C6H4SO2NCl2
H2N⋅C(:NH)⋅NH⋅CN
HN(CH2CH2OH)2
(⋅CH2CH2CO2C2H5)2
(C2H5)2NH
(C2H5)2N⋅C6H4⋅OH
(C2H5)2NC6H5
(C2H5)2NC6H4SO3H
OC(OC2H5)2
(C2H5)2C(CO2C2H5)2
(CH3)2C(CO2C2H5)2
CH2(CH2CO2C2H5)2
(C2H5)2CO
CH2(CO2C2H5)2
(C2H5)2C(CO2H)2
C10H7N(C2H5)2
C10H7N(C2H5)2
(⋅CO2C2H5)2
C6H4(CO2C2H5)2
O2S(OC2H5)2
(C2H5)2S
332 .49
224 .25
197 .28
273 .37
210 .27
346 .38
298 .33
235 .90
235 .90
235 .90
312 .00
258 .35
258 .35
129 .24
129 .24
221 .34
205 .34
174 .24
174 .24
174 .24
130 .23
130 .23
130 .23
142 .24
142 .24
246 .30
202 .25
278 .34
262 .30
262 .30
128 .94
126 .97
162 .02
277 .10
277 .10
277 .10
277 .10
277 .10
277 .10
277 .10
277 .10
147 .00
147 .00
147 .00
127 .01
223 .10
98 .96
197 .06
197 .06
192 .00
141 .04
163 .00
240 .11
84 .08
105 .14
202 .25
73 .14
165 .23
149 .23
229 .30
118 .13
216 .27
188 .22
188 .22
86 .13
160 .17
160 .17
199 .29
199 .29
146 .14
222 .24
154 .18
90 .19
cr.
rhb./al.
col. oil
pr./al.
cr.
pr./al.
lf./al.
col. lq.
col. lq.
pl./al.
mn. pr.
col. lq.
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
oil
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
pr .
cr .
lq .
lq .
nd .
yel . nd .
yel . nd .
yel . nd .
yel . nd .
yel . nd .
yel . nd .
yel . nd .
yel . nd .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . mn .
lq .
pr .
col . lq .
nd ./al .
lf ./al .
tri ./al .
col . lq .
nd .
cr .
mn . pl .
pr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
rhb .
oil
cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
syrup
col . lq .
col . lq .
pr ./aq .
col . oil
col . oil
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
1.50
1.028 25/25
1.956 20/4
1.952 20/4
2.26118
1.897
0.965 20/4
0 .950 25
0 .768 20/20
0 .74125/4
180
78
−26
70–1
34–5
42–3
45–6
1.8
−6.9
87–8
164–5
−38
−20
−70
0 .924 20/4
0 .91915
0 .769 20/20
0 .76215
0 .756 21
0 .82718/4
0 .805 21/4
1 .038 20/4
0 .986 20/4
1 .045 21
1 .09815
1 .03175/4
1 .560 25/25
1 .23415
1 .305 20/4
1 .288 20/4
1 .458 21
1 .442 0/4
1 .256 20/20
1 .300 76/4
1 .669 22
1 .094 25/4
1 .383 60/25
1 .4014
1 .09720/4
1 .00920/4
0 .712 15/15
0 .934 20/4
0 .975 20/4
0 .985 20/4
0 .994 25/25
1 .025 21
0 .816 19/4
1 .055 20/4
1 .005
1 .026
1 .079 20/4
1 .121 25/25
1 .172 25/4
0 .837 20/4
−98
−5 .9
−29 .6
22–2 .5
73–4
9 .7(−4)
50
208–9
187 .5
251
203–4
202–3
268–70
282
210–11
−17 .6
−24 .8
53
−38 .7
148
−35 .3
67–8
107
54 .6
45
83
207–8
28
−21
−38 .9
78
−34 .4
270 d .
−43
−24
−42
−49 .8
125
−40 .6
−25
−99 .5
d.
219–2118
268–71250
>300
330.6
27412
23814
221–2
219755
218.6758
355–60
18314
278–80
159761
139–40
17010
262 .8
207740
190
178–80
142 .4
122 .5
121
187 .7
168 .1
170–118
245 .5
340
200–318
323–5
194 .4
120
251
179
172766
174764
161–3
315–9
83 .7
286–7 740
subl .
266
180–1
209–10
d .
270 748
239–41761
55 .5759
276–80
216
126759
230
196 .7
237
101 .7
198 .9
d . 170–80
285–90
318
186
298–9
210
92–3 754
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i .
∞
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
<0 .05
i .
i .
i .
<0 .06
v . sl . s .
i .
0 .04 25
i .
v . sl . s .
∞
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
0 .90
i .
i .
i .
i .
0 .45 20
sl . s .
2 .318
∞
0 .4380
v . s .
s .
1 .412
s .
i .
i .
i .
0 .88 20
4 .7 20
2 .08 20
65 16
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
0 .3120
4.420
s.
v. s. h.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
1.6
v. sl. s. h.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
7125
∞
s .
∞
s .
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
s .
∞
s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
i .
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
∞
s .
v . s .
∞
s .
v . s .
v . sl . s .
∞
v . sl . s .
s .
v . s . h .
s .
v . s .
425
∞
s .
v . s .
1 .318
∞
s .
∞
0 .0118
v . sl . s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
(Continued )
2-34
TABLE 2-2 Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
tartrate (d-)
-toluidine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Diethyleneglycol dinitrate
Difluorodichloromethane
Diglycerol
Dihydroxy-dinaphthyl (α-)
(-2,-2′,-1,-1′)
-diphenyl (4-,4′-)
-ethyl formal (β-)
-naphthalene (1-,5-)
(1-,8-)
Dimethoxy-benzene (p-)
-diphenylamine (4-,4′-)
-ethyl adipate
Dimethyl adipate
-amine
-aminoasobenzene (p-)
-aminoethanol
-aminophenol (m-)
-aniline
sulfonic acid (m-)
(p-)
carbonate
ether
-formamide
fumarate
glutarate
glyoxime
-naphthalene (1-,4-)
(2-,3-)
-naphthylamine (α-)
(β-)
oxalate
phthalate (o-)
sulfate
sulfide
tartrate (d-)
-vinyl-ethenyl carbinol
Dinaphthyl (αα-)
-methane (αα′-)
(β,β′-)
Dinitro-anisole (1-)(2-,4-)
-benzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
sulfonic acid (2-,4-)(1-)
-benzoic acid (2-,4-)
(3-,5-)
-benzophenone (4-,4′-)
-diphenyl (4-,4′-)
(2-,4′-)
-naphthalene (1-,5-)
(1-,8-)
Dinitro-phenol (2-,3-)
(2-,4-)
(2-,6-)
-salicylic acid (3-,5-)
-stilbene (4-,4′-)
-toluene (2-,4-)
(3-,4-)
(3-,5-)
Dioxane
Dipentene
Formula
(CHOH⋅CO2C2H5)2
CH3⋅C6H4⋅N(C2H5)2
CH3⋅C6H4⋅N(C2H5)2
CH3⋅C6H4⋅N(C2H5)2
O(CH2CH2ONO2)2
F2CCl2
[(HO)2C3H5]2O
(HO⋅C10H6⋅)2
(HO⋅C10H6⋅)2
(HO⋅C6H4⋅)2
CH2(OCH2CH2OH)2
C10H6(OH)2
C10H6(OH)2
(CH3O)2C6H4
HN(C6H4OCH3)2
(CH2)4(CO2C2H4OCH3)2
[(CH2)2CO2CH3]2
(CH3)2NH
C6H5N:N⋅C6H4N(CH3)2
(CH3)2NCH2CH2OH
(CH3)2NC6H4OH
(CH3)2NC6H5
(CH3)2NC6H4SO3H
(CH3)2NC6H4SO3H⋅H2O
OC(OCH3)2
CH3OCH3
HCON(CH3)2
(:CHCO2CH3)2
(CH2)3(CO2CH3)2
(CH3⋅C:NOH)2
C10H6(CH3)2
C10H6(CH3)2
C10H7N(CH3)2
C10H7N(CH3)2
(⋅CO2CH3)2
C6H4(CO2CH3)2
(CH3O)2SO2
(CH3)2S
(CHOH⋅CO2CH3)2
(CH3)2COH⋅C⋮C⋅CH:CH2
C10H7⋅C10H7
(C10H7)2CH2
(C10H7)2CH2
CH3OC6H3(NO2)2
C6H4(NO2)2
C6H4(NO2)2
C6H4(NO2)2
(NO2)2C6H3SO3H⋅3H2O
(NO2)2C6H3CO2H
(NO2)2C6H3CO2H
(NO2C6H4)2CO
(NO2C6H4)2
(NO2C6H4)2
C10H6(NO2)2
C10H6(NO2)2
(NO2)2C6H3OH
(NO2)2C6H3OH
(NO2)2C6H3OH
(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CO2H⋅H2O
(NO2C6H4CH:)2
(NO2)2C6H3CH3
(NO2)2C6H3CH3
(NO2)2C6H3CH3
O < (CH2⋅CH2)2 > O
C10H16
Formula
weight
206 .19
163 .26
163 .26
163 .26
196 .12
120 .91
166 .17
286 .32
286 .32
186 .21
136 .15
160 .17
160 .17
138 .16
229 .27
262 .30
174 .19
45 .08
225 .29
89 .14
137 .18
121 .18
201 .24
219 .26
90 .08
46 .07
73 .09
144 .13
160 .17
116 .12
156 .22
156 .22
171 .24
171 .24
118 .09
194 .18
126 .13
62 .13
178 .14
110 .15
254 .33
268 .35
268 .35
198 .13
168 .11
168 .11
168 .11
302 .22
212 .12
212 .12
272 .21
244 .20
244 .20
218 .17
218 .17
184 .11
184 .11
184 .11
246 .13
270 .24
182 .13
182 .13
182 .13
88 .11
136 .23
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
lq.
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
gas
lq .
pl ./al .
nd ./al .
rhb ./al .
lq .
pr ./aq .
nd .
lf .
cr .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
yel ./al .
col . lq .
nd .
yel . lq .
cr .
pr .
col . lq .
gas
lq .
col . tri .
lq .
col . cr .
lq .
lf ./al .
col . oil
col . cr .
col . mn .
col . lq .
col . oil
oil
cr .
lq .
lf ./al .
pr ./al .
nd ./al .
col . mn .
col . mn .
col . rhb .
col . mn .
pr .
cr ./aq .
mn . pr .
col . nd .
nd ./al .
mn .
nd .
rhb .
yel . mn .
yel . rhb .
yel . rhb .
pl ./aq .
yel . lf .
nd .
nd .
mn . pr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
1.204 20/4
17
0 .924 15 .5
1 .377 25/4
1 .486 −30
280
208–9755
231–2
228–9
−11 .3
−155
1 .25
1 .154 25
1 .053 55/55
1 .075 15 .6
1 .063 20/4
0 .680 0/4
0 .887
20/4
0 .956 20/4
1 .070 20/4
0 .94525
1 .08915 .6
1 .016 20/4
1 .042 20
1 .03970/70
1 .14854
1 .18925/25
1 .3520/4
0 .84621/4
1 .32820/4
0 .887 20/4
1 .341 20
1 .5918
1 .575 20/4
1 .625 18
1 .445
1 .474
1 .681 20
1 .683 24
1 .321 71
1 .259 111
1 .277 111
1 .033 20/4
0 .865 18
300
218
270–2
−5 .3
258–60
140
56
103
10–1
−96
116–7
85
2 .5
d . 266
257
0 .5
−138 .5
−58 .3
102
−37
240–6
<−18
104
46
54
−26 .8
−83 .2
61 .5
160
109
92
94–5
117–8
89 .8
173–4
106–8
179–80
204–5
189
233
93 .5
216
170–2
144–5
114–5
63–4
173 d .
210–6
70
60–1
92–3
9 .5–10 .5
−29 .2
220–3010
subl .
subl .
264
d .
212 .6
145–502
11518
7 .4
d .
135756
265–8
193
89–90
−23 .7
152 .8
192
13050
264–6
265767
274 .5711
304–5
163 .3
280734
188 .3
37 .3
280
150
240–412
>360
319774
300–2
299777
subl .
subl .
d .
subl .
300
subl .
101 .1
178
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
sl. s.
i .
i .
i .
i .
5 .7 cc .26
s . h .
i .
i .
sl . s .
∞
sl . s .
sl . s . h .
v . sl . s .
i .
5
i .
v . s .
i .
∞
sl . s . h .
i .
s .
s . h .
i .
3700 cc .18
∞
i .
20
0 .06
i .
i .
i .
i .
6
0 .43
v . sl . s .
i .
s .
620
i .
i .
i .
sl . s . h .
0 .01 c .
0 .399
0 .18100
s .
1 .8525
s h .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
sl . s .
0 .5 c .
s . h .
s . c .
i .
0 .0322
i .
sl . s .
∞
i .
Alcohol
Ether
∞
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
i .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
v . sl . s .
∞
s .
v . sl . s .
∞
s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
v . s .
v . s .
sl . s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
20015
∞
s .
s . h .
0 .8 c .
s .
1 .520
1 .921
320
0 .1821
s .
s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
20
1 .5
v . s . h .
0 .2 c .
v . s . h .
420
s . h .
v . s .
v . sl . s .
1 .215
v . s .
v . s . h .
s .
v . s .
v . sl . s .
916
s . h .
s .
s .
s .
2-35
Diphenyl
-amine
carbonate
-chloroarsine
-ethane
ether
guanidine
-methane
phenylenediamine (p-)
succinate
sulfide
sulfone
urea (uns .)
Diphenylene oxide
Dipropyl adipate (n-)
-amine (n-)
(i-)
aniline (n-)
carbonate (n-)
ether (n-)
(i-)
ketone (n-)
(i-)
oxalate (n-)
(i-)
Disalicylal ethylenediamine
Ditolyl guanidine (o-)
Divinyl acetylene
Docosane (n-)
Dodecane (n-)
Dulcitol
Durene (1-,2-,4-,5-)
Elaidic acid
Eosine
Ephedrine (l-)
Epichlorhydrin (α-)
Epidichlorohydrin (α-)
Erythritol (dl-)
tetranitrate
Ethane
Ethanol-amine
formamide
Ether
Ethyl abietate
acetate
acetoacetate
alcohol
-amine
hydrochloride
aniline
sulfonic acid (m-)
anisate (p-)
anthranilate (o-)
benzene
benzoate
-benzyl-aniline
bromide
butyrate (n-)
(i-)
caprate (n-)
Ethyl caproate (n-)
caprylate (n-)
chloride
chloroacetate
chlorocarbonate
cinnamate (trans-)
cyanoacetate
formate
furoate (α)
heptoate
hypochlorite
iodide
lactate
C6H5⋅C6H5
C6H5NHC6H5
CO(OC6H5)2
(C6H5)2AsCl
(C6H5CH2⋅)2
C6H5OC6H5
(C6H5NH)2C:NH
(C6H5)2CH2
(C6H5NH)2C6H4
(⋅CH2CO2C6H5)2
(C6H5)2S
(C6H5)2SO2
(C6H5)2NCONH2
< (C6H4)2O
(⋅CH2CH2CO2C3H7)2
(C2H5CH2)2NH
[(CH3)2CH]2NH
C6H5N(C3H7)2
CO(OCH2C2H5)2
(C2H5CH2)2O
[(CH3)2CH]2O
(C2H5CH2)2CO
[(CH3)2CH]2CO
(CO2CH2C2H5)2
[CO2CH(CH3)2]2
[HOC6H4CH:NCH2⋅]2
(C7H7NH)2C:NH
(H2C:CH⋅C⋮)2
CH3(CH2)20CH3
CH3(CH2)10CH3
CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
(CH3)4C6H2
C8H17CH:CH(CH2)7CO2H
C20H8O5Br4
C6H5CHOHCH(CH3)NHCH3
C2H3O⋅CH2Cl
CH2:CCl⋅CH2Cl
CH2OH(CHOH)2CH2OH
C4H6(ONO2)4
CH3CH3
HOCH2CH2NH2
HCONHCH2CH2OH
(CH3CH2)2O
C19H29CO2C2H5
CH3CO2C2H5
CH3COCH2CO2C2H5
CH3CH2OH
C2H5NH2
C2H5NH2⋅HCl
C6H5NHC2H5
C2H5NHC6H4SO3H
CH3OC6H4CO2C2H5
NH2C6H4CO2C2H5
C6H5⋅C2H5
C6H5CO2C2H5
C6H5N(C2H5)CH2C6H5
C2H5Br
C2H5CH2CO2C2H5
(CH3)2CHCO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)8CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)4CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)6CO2C2H5
CH3CH2Cl
ClCH2CO2C2H5
ClCO2CH2CH3
C6H5CH:CHCO2C2H5
CH2(CN)CO2C2H5
HCO2CH2CH3
OC4H3CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)5CO2C2H5
ClOCH2CH3
CH3CH2I
CH3CH(OH)CO2C2H5
154 .21
169 .22
214 .22
264 .58
182 .26
170 .21
211 .26
168 .23
260 .33
270 .28
186 .27
218 .27
212 .25
168 .19
230 .30
101 .19
101 .19
177 .29
146 .18
102 .17
102 .17
114 .19
114 .19
174 .19
174 .19
268 .31
239 .32
78 .11
310 .60
170 .33
182 .17
134 .22
282 .46
647 .89
165 .23
92 .52
110 .97
122 .12
302 .11
30 .07
61 .08
89 .09
74 .12
330 .50
88 .11
130 .14
46 .07
45 .08
81 .54
121 .18
201 .24
180 .20
165 .19
106 .17
150 .17
211 .30
108 .97
116 .16
116 .16
200 .32
144 .21
172 .26
64 .51
122 .55
108 .52
176 .21
113 .11
74 .08
140 .14
158 .24
80 .51
155 .97
118 .13
col. mn.
col. mn.
nd./al.
rhb.
col. pr.
col. rhb.
mn ./al .
col . pr .
cr .
lf ./al .
col . lq .
nd ./aq .
rhb .
lf ./al .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
yel . oil
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr .
cr .
lq .
cr .
lq .
mn .
mn .
lf ./al .
col . cr .
cr ./et .
lq .
col . lq .
tet . pr .
lf ./al .
col . gas
col . oil
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
mn .
lq .
nd ./aq .
lq .
cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
yel . oil
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lf .
col . lq .
yel . lq .
col . lq .
oil
0.992 73/4
1.160 20/20
1.272 14
1.583 40
0.978 50/50
1.073 20
1 .001 26/4
1 .119 15/15
1 .248 25/4
1 .276
20/4
0 .979
0 .739 20/4
0 .722 22
0 .910 20
0 .968 22
0 .744 21/0
0 .725 21/0
0 .822 20/4
0 .806 20/4
1 .038 0/0
1 .34
1 .1020/4
0 .776 20/4
0 .778 44/4
0 .751 20/4
1 .466 15
0 .838 81/4
0 .851 79/4
1 .183 25/25
1 .204 25
1 .451 20/4
−88
0 .546
1 .022 20
1 .169 25
0 .708 25/4
1 .020 20/20
0 .901 20/4
1 .025 20/4
0 .789 20/4
0 .689 15/15
1 .216
0 .963 20/4
1 .103 25/25
1 .117 20/4
0 .867 20/4
1 .052 15/15
1 .034 18 .5
1 .431 20/4
0 .879 20/4
0 .871 20/4
0 .859 28
0 .873 20/20
0 .878 17
0 .917 6/6
1 .159 20/4
1 .138 20/4
1 .049 20/4
1 .062 20/4
0 .923 20/4
1 .117 21/4
0 .872 20/20
1 .013 −6/4
1 .933 20/4
1 .030 25/4
69–70
52.9
80
43–4
52–3
27
147–8
26–7
152
122–3
<−40
128–9
189
86–7
−20 .3
−39 .6
−61
−122
−60
−32 .6
−51 .7
254.9
302
302–6
d. 327
284
259
d . > 170
265
330
296–7
379
287–8
143–510
110–1
83 .5743
245 .4
168 .2
91
69
144 .2
123 .7
213 .5
190
125–6
178–9
44 .5
−9 .6
189
79–80
51–2
40
−25 .6
126
61
−172
10 .5
<−40
−116 .3
−82 .4
−45
−112
−80 .6
108–9
−63 .5
d . 294
7–8
13
−94 .4
−34 .6
−117 .8
−93 .3
−88 .2
−20
−67 .5
−45
−139
−26
−80 .6
12
−22 .5
−79
34
−66 .1
expl .
−105
85
224 .515
214 .5
290–53
193–5
288100
255
117756
94
329–31
expl .
−88 .6
171757
d .
34 .6
2004
77 .1
180755
78 .4
16 .6
204
269–70
266–8
136 .2
211–2
28510
38 .4
120–1
110–1
244 .6758
165–6736
207–8753
13
144
94–5
271
208753
54760
195766
187–8
36752
72 .4
155
i.
0.0325
i.
0.2 d.
i.
v. sl. s.
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
sl . s . h .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
s .
s .
i .
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
0 .2
0 .43
v . sl . s .
d . h .
0 .0328
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
3 .215
i .
i .
i .
5
<5
i .
60
i . c .
4 .7 cc .20
∞
∞
7 .520
i .
8 .515
1317
∞
∞
24017
i .
2 .1515
i .
v . sl . s .
0 .0115
0 .0820
i .
1 .060
0 .6825
sl . s .
0 .00220
i .
i .
0 .450
i .
d .
i .
225
1118
i .
0 .02920
0 .420
∞
1020
5619.5
v. s.
20
s.
s.
920
v . s .
s . h .
s . h .
s .
s . h .
s .
∞
s .
s .
6.620
s.
s.
s.
v. s.
∞
sl . s .
v . s .
s .
∞
s .
v . s .
s .
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s . h .
s .
4 h .
v . s .
v . sl . s .
s .
v . s .
s .
500
∞
∞
sl . s . c .
s .
150 cc .
∞
v . s .
v . s .
i .
s .
v . s .
s .
∞
∞
i .
s .
1
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
18
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
i .
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
(Continued )
2-36
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
laurate
mercaptan
methacrylate
naphthylamine (α-)
naphthyl ether (α-)
nitrate
nitrite
oleate
palmitate
pelargonate
propionate
salicylate (o-)
stearate
toluate (o-)
(m-)
toluene sulfonate (p-)
toluidine (o-)
(p-)
urea
valerate (n-)
(i-)
Ethylal
Ethylene
bromide
bromohydrin
chlorobromide
chlorohydrin
diamine
oxide
Ethylidene diacetate
Eugenol (1-,4-,3-)
(i-)(1-,3-,4-)
Fenchyl alcohol (dl-)
(d-)(α-)
(i-)(l-)
Ferric dimethyl-dithiocarbamate
Fluorene
Fluorescein
Fluoro-dichloromethane
-trichloromethane
Formaldehyde
(m-)
(p-)
Formamide
Formanilide
Formic acid
Fructose
Fuchsin
Fulminic acid
Fumaric acid (trans-)
Furfural
Furfuran
Furfuryl acetate
alcohol
butyrate
propionate
Furoic acid
G-acid, K salt (2-)(6-,8-)
Na salt (2-)(6-,8-)
Galactose (d-)(α-)
Gallic acid (3-,4-,5-)
Gamma acid (2-,8-,6-)
Geraniol
Glucose (d-)(α-)
(d-)(β-)
Glucuronic acid
Glutam(in)ic acid (dl-)
Formula
CH3(CH2)10CO2C2H5
CH3CH2SH
CH2:C(CH3)CO2C2H5
C10H7NHC2H5
C10H7OC2H5
C2H5ONO2
C2H5ONO
C17H33CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)14CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)7CO2C2H5
CH3CH2CO2C2H5
HOC6H4CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)16CO2C2H5
CH3⋅C6H4CO2C2H5
CH3⋅C6H4CO2C2H5
CH3⋅C6H4SO3C2H5
CH3⋅C6H4NHC2H5
CH3⋅C6H4NHC2H5
C2H5NH⋅CO⋅NH2
CH3(CH2)3CO2C2H5
(CH3)2CH(CH2)CO2C2H5
CH2(OC2H5)2
H2C:CH2
BrCH2⋅CH2Br
BrCH2⋅CH2OH
ClCH2⋅CH2Br
ClCH2⋅CH2OH
H2NCH2⋅CH2NH2
< (CH2)2 > O
CH3CH(O2CCH3)2
C3H5⋅C6H3(OH)OCH3
C3H5⋅C6H3(OCH3)OH
C10H17OH
C10H17OH
C10H17OH
Fe[SSCN(CH3)2]3
(C6H4)2 > CH2
C20H12O5
FCHCl2
Cl3CF
HCHO
(CH2O)3
(CH2O)x⋅xH2O
HCONH2
HCONHC6H5
HCO2H
CH2OH(CHOH)3COCH2OH
C20H19N3HCl
C:NOH
HO2CCH:CHCO2H
C4H3O⋅CHO
C4H4O
CH3CO2CH2C4H3O
C4H3O⋅CH2OH
C3H7CO2CH2⋅C4H3O
C2H5CO2CH2⋅C4H3O
C4H3O⋅CO2H
HOC10H5(SO3K)2
HOC10H5(SO3Na)2
C5H11O5⋅CHO
(HO)3C6H2CO2H⋅H2O
C10H5(NH2)(OH)SO3H
C9H15CH2OH
C5H11O5⋅CHO
C6H12O6⋅H2O
CHO(CHOH)4CO2H
[⋅CHNH2(CH2)2⋅](CO2H)2
Formula
weight
228 .37
62 .13
114 .14
171 .24
172 .22
91 .07
75 .07
310 .51
284 .48
186 .29
102 .13
166 .17
312 .53
164 .20
164 .20
200 .25
135 .21
135 .21
88 .11
130 .18
130 .18
104 .15
28 .05
187 .86
124 .96
143 .41
80 .51
60 .10
44 .05
146 .14
164 .20
164 .20
154 .25
154 .25
154 .25
416 .49
166 .22
332 .31
102 .92
137 .37
30 .03
90 .08
(30 .03)
45 .04
121 .14
46 .03
180 .16
337 .85
43 .02
116 .07
96 .08
68 .07
140 .14
98 .10
168 .19
154 .16
112 .08
380 .48
348 .26
180 .16
188 .13
239 .25
154 .25
180 .16
198 .17
194 .14
147 .13
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
oil
lq .
col . lq .
oil
cr .
col . lq .
lq .
oil
col . nd .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . cr .
lq .
lq .
pr ./al .
lq .
lq .
nd .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
oil
oil
col . cr .
col . pr .
col . cr .
cr .
cr ./al .
yel . red
gas
col . lq .
gas
wh .
amor .
lq .
mn .
col . lq .
nd ./aq .
red
0.868 13/4
0 .839 20/4
0 .913 15 .6
1 .060 20/4
1 .061 20/20
1 .100 25/4
0 .900 15 .5
0 .867 25
0 .858 25/4
0 .866 17 .5
0 .891 20/4
1 .136 15/4
0 .848 36 .3
1 .032 25/25
1 .030 20/20
1 .166 48/4
0 .948 25/4
0 .942 25/4
1 .213 18
0 .877 20
0 .867 20/4
0 .824 25/4
0 .57−102/4
2 .180 20/4
1 .772 20/4
1 .689 19
1 .213 20/4
0 .900 20/20
0 .887 7/4
1 .061 12
1 .070 15/15
1 .091 15/15
0 .935 40
0 .964 20/4
0 .961
−10.7
−121
269
36–7
118
303723
276 .4
87–8
17
216–815
19110
227–8757
99 .1
233–4
20110
227
231750
221 .3
215–6
217
col . pr .
lq .
col . lq .
col . oil
oil
col . lq .
col . lq .
mn . pr .
cr .
cr .
pr .
mn ./aq .
cr .
col . lq .
rhb .
cr .
cr .
cr ./aq .
1 .203 0/4
1 .4260
1 .494 17 .2
0 .815 −20
1 .1765
1 .139 20/4
1 .147 15/15
1 .220 20/4
1 .669 17 .5
1 .22
20/4
1 .635
1 .159 20/4
0 .937 20/4
1 .118 20/4
1 .129 25/4
1 .053 20/4
1 .109 20/4
5 .5
−102
<−15
24–5
−44 .5
−72 .6
1 .3
33 .4(31)
<−10
33–4
<−15
92
−91 .2
−99 .3
−66 .5
−169
10
−16 .6
−69
8 .5
−111 .3
18 .85
10 .3
−10
35
45–7
61–2
d . 100–30
115–6
d . > 290
−127
−92
64
150–60
2
47
8 .6
95–105
d . >200
286–7
−38 .7
133–4
1 .694 4/4
15
0 .883
1 .544 25
1 .562 18/4
1 .460
145 .5
135
89
−103 .9
131 .5
150 .3
106 .7
128 .8
117 .2
13 .5747
168740
253 .5
267 .5
201
201–2
201–2
ign . >150
293–5
14 .5
24 .9
−21
114 .5759
subl .
193
216120
100 .8
290
161 .7760
31–2756
175–7
169 .5752
212–3
195–6
230–2
165 .5
d . 220
<−15
146
150
154
199 d .
230
d .
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
i.
1 .5
i .
i .
i .
1 .355
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
2 .420
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . s .
0 .2425
0 .1720
918
26 cc .0
0 .4380
sl . s .
0 .6980
∞
∞
∞
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
v . sl . s . h .
i .
i .
v . s .
2125
20–3018
∞
sl . s .
∞
v . s .
0 .3
17
0 .7
9 .113
i .
i .
∞
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
3 .615
825
3420
10 .30
113
i .
8217 .5
15415
v . s .
1 .5 20
Alcohol
Ether
s.
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
s .
80
∞
∞
∞
360 cc .
∞
s .
i .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
0 .3
v . s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
s . h .
s . h .
s .
∞
v . s .
s .
i .
∞
v . s .
∞
818
s .
5 .8
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
30
s .
s .
∞
v . s .
s .
i .
v . sl . s .
s .
i .
0 .725
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
s .
0 .640
2815
2 .515
∞
sl . s .
∞
i .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
Glutaric acid
Glycerol
acetate (mono-)
(di-)
nitrate (mono-) (α-)
(β-)
dinitrate (1-,3-)
Glyceryl triacetate
tribenzoate
tributyrate
tricaprate
tricaproate
tricaprylate
trilaurate
trimyristate
trinitrate
trinitrite
trioleate
tripalmitate
tristearate
Glycide
Glycine, Glycocoll
Glycol
diacetate
dibenzoate
dibutyrate
dicaprylate
diformate
dilaurate
dinitrate
dinitrite
dipalmitate
dipropionate
ether
formal
formate (mono-)
Glycolic acid
Guaiacol (o-)
Guanidine
H-acid, Na salt (1-,8-,3-,6-)
Heptacosane (n-)
Heptane (n-)
(i-)
Heptoic acid
aldehyde
Heptyl acetate (n-)
alcohol (n-)
mercaptan
Hexachloro-benzene
-ethane
Hexacosane (n-)
Hexadecane (n-)
Hexaethylbenzene
Hexamethylbenzene
Hexamethylene-diamine
-diisocyanate
-glycol
tetramine
Hexane (n-)
(i-)
(neo-)
2-37
CH2(CH2CO2H)2
CH2OH⋅CHOH⋅CH2OH
C5H10O4
(CH3CO2)2C3H5OH
CH2OH⋅CHOH⋅CH2NO3
CH2OH⋅CHNO3⋅CH2OH
CHOH(CH2ONO2)2
(CH3CO2)3C3H5
(C6H5CO2)3C3H5
(C2H5CH2CO2)3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)8CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)4CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)6CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)10CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)12CO2]3C3H5
CH2NO3⋅CHNO3⋅CH2NO3
CH2NO2⋅CHNO2⋅CH2NO2
(C17H33CO2)3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)14CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)16CO2]3C3H5
C2H3O⋅CH2OH
NH2CH2⋅CO2H
CH2OH⋅CH2OH
(CH3CO2CH2⋅)2
(C6H5CO2CH2⋅)2
(C3H7CO2CH2⋅)2
(C7H15CO2CH2⋅)2
(HCO2CH2⋅)2
(C11H23CO2CH2⋅)2
(O2NO⋅CH2⋅)2
(ONO⋅CH2⋅)2
(C15H31CO2CH2⋅)2
(C2H5CO2CH2⋅)2
(HO⋅CH2CH2)2O
< O⋅CH2CH2OCH2 >
HCO2CH2CH2OH
HOCH2CO2H
CH3O⋅C6H4OH
NH:C(NH2)2
C10H8O7NS2Na⋅1½H2O
CH3(CH2)25CH3
CH3(CH2)5CH3
(CH3)2CH(CH2)3CH3
C3H7⋅CH(CH3)⋅C2H5
(CH3)3C⋅CH2⋅C2H5
[(CH3)2CH]2CH2
(CH3)2C(C2H5)2
(C2H5)3CH
(CH3)3C⋅CH(CH3)2
CH3(CH2)5CO2H
CH3(CH2)5CHO
CH3CO2CH2(CH2)5CH3
CH3(CH2)5CH2OH
[(CH3)2CH]2CHOH
(C2H5⋅CH2)2CHOH
CH3CH(SH)⋅C5H11
C6Cl6
CCl3⋅CCl3
CH3(CH2)24CH3
CH3(CH2)14CH3
C6(C2H5)6
C6(CH3)6
NH2(CH2)6NH2
OCN(CH2)6NCO
HO(CH2)6OH
(CH2)6N4
CH3(CH2)4CH3
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2CH3
(CH3)3C⋅C2H5
(CH3)2CH⋅CH(CH3)2
(C2H5)2CHCH3
132 .11
92 .09
134 .13
176 .17
137 .09
137 .09
182 .09
218 .20
404 .41
302 .36
554 .84
386 .52
470 .68
639 .00
723 .16
227 .09
179 .09
885 .43
807 .32
891 .48
74 .08
75 .07
62 .07
146 .14
270 .28
202 .25
314 .46
118 .09
426 .67
152 .06
120 .06
538 .89
174 .19
106 .12
74 .08
90 .08
76 .05
124 .14
59 .07
368 .32
380 .73
100 .20
100 .20
100 .20
100 .20
100 .20
100 .20
100 .20
100 .20
130 .18
114 .19
158 .24
116 .20
116 .20
116 .20
132 .27
284 .78
236 .74
366 .71
226 .44
246 .43
162 .27
116 .20
168 .19
118 .17
140 .19
86 .18
86 .18
86 .18
86 .18
86 .18
col. cr.
col. lq.
col . oil
col . lq .
col . pr .
lf .
oil
col . lq .
nd .
col . lq .
col . cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . nd .
lf .
yel . oil
yel . lq .
col . oil
col . nd .
col . pr .
col . lq .
mn .
col . lq .
col . lq .
rhb ./et .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
amor .
yel . lq .
lq .
nd .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
nd ./aq .
pr .
col . cr .
cr .
col . cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
mn .
rhb .
cr .
lf .
pr ./al .
pl ./al .
lf .
lq .
nd ./aq .
col . rhb .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
1.429 15
1.260 50/4
1 .20 20/4
1 .178 15/15
1 .4015
1 .4015
1 .4715
1 .16117/4
1 .228 12
1 .032 20/4
0 .921 40/4
0 .987 20/4
0 .954 20/4
0 .894 60/4
0 .885 60/6
1 .601 15
1 .291 10/16
0 .915 15
0 .866 80/4
0 .862 80/4
1 .114 16/16
1 .161
1 .113 19/4
1 .109 14/4
1 .024 0
97.5
17.9
40
58–9
54
<−30
−78
75–6
<−75
31(25)
−25
8 .3(−21)
45–6
56 .5
13 .3(2)
−4
65 .1
70 .8(55)
20020
290
158165
175–640
155–60
155–60
146–815
258–9
d .
305–9
16015
150 sl . d .
24018
310–200 .1
166 sl . d .
232–6 d .
−15 .6
−31
73–4
197 .4
190 .5
>360
240
22
1 .482 21/2
1 .216 0
52–4
−20
<−15
71–2
1 .045 25
1 .118 20/20
1 .060 20/4
1 .199 15/4
−10 .5
1 .140 15/15
79(63)
28 .3
50
0 .780 60/4
0 .684 20/4
0 .679 20/4
0 .687 20/4
0 .674 20/4
0 .675 20/4
0 .693 20/4
0 .698 20/4
0 .690 20/4
0 .918 20
0 .850 20/ℓ
0 .874 16/16
0 .824 20/4
0 .829 20/4
0 .820 20/4
0 .835 20
2 .044 24
2 .091 20/4
0 .779 57/4
0 .774 20/4
0 .831 130/4
1 .0428
0 .659 20/4
0 .654 20/4
0 .649 20/20
0 .662 20/4
0 .664 20/4
59 .5
−90 .6
−118 .2
−119 .4
−125
−119 .4
−135 .0
−118 .7
−25
−10
−42
−34
−37
228–31
186–7
56 .6
18 .5
130
166
42
42
subl .
−94
−153 .7
−98 .2
−129 .8
−118
174
18820
expl . 114
96–8
2600 .1
211–2
244 .8
75–6
180
d .
205
27015
98 .4760
90 .0
91 .8
79 .1
80 .8
86 .0
93 .5
80 .8
221–2
155
191 .5 759
175 756
140
156
174–5 765
309742
186777
26215
287 .5
298 .3
265
204–5
143–420
250
69
60 .2
49 .7
58 .0760
63 .2
63.920
∞
v . s .
s .
7015
7 .1715
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
0 .1820
d .
i .
i .
i .
∞
23 c .
∞
14 .322
i .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
0 .9225
i .
i .
sl . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
1 .715
v . s .
0 .1720
i .
0 .00515
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
0 .2515
0 .0220
i .
0 .18 25
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
0 .00522
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . s .
d .
s .
8112
0 .01415
i .
i .
i .
i .
v. s.
∞
v . s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
s . h .
s .
s . h .
s .
s .
sl . s . c .
s .
5020
d .
sl . s .
0 .00421
s . h .
∞
0 .1 c .
∞
∞
v. s.
i .
sl . s .
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
v . s .
s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
s .
v . s .
v . s .
s . h .
∞
i .
1 .0
∞
s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s . d .
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
i .
9025
v . s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
sl . s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
∞
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
s .
∞
∞
s .
v . sl . s . h .
v . s .
v . sl . s .
∞
0 .7525
0 .20
s .
d .
s .
3
5033
s . h .
v . s .
∞
825
v . s .
sl . s . h .
v . sl . s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
(Continued )
2-38
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Hexyl acetate (n-)
alcohol (n-)
formate (n-)
resorcinol (2-,4-)
Hippuric acid
Histidine (l-)
Homophthalic acid (o-)
Hydracrylic acid
Hydro-cyanic acid
-quinone (p-)
Hydroxy-benzaldehyde (p-)
-benzanilide (o-)
-quinoline (2-)(α-)
(8-)(o-)
Indigo
White
Indole
Indoxyl
Iodo-benzene
-phenol (p-)
Iodoform
Ionone (α-)
(β-)
Irone (β-)
Isatin
Isoprene
Ketene
Koch acid (1-)(3-,6-,8-)
Lactic acid (dl-)
anhydride
Lactide (dl-)
Lactose
Lauric acid
Laurone
Lauryl alcohol
Lead tetraethyl
tetramethyl
Lepidine (py-4)
Leucine (l-)
Levulinic acid
Limonene (d- or l-)
Linalool (d- or l-)
Linalyl acetate
Linoleic acid
Maleic acid
anhydride
Malic acid (dl-)
(d- or l-)
Malonic acid
Maltose
Mandelic acid (dl-)
Mannitol (d-)
Mannose (d-)
Margaric acid
Mellitic acid
Menthol (l-)(α-)
Mercapto-benzothiazole (2-)
-thiazoline (2-)
Mercuric cyanide
fulminate
Mesityl oxide
Mesitylene (1-,3-,5-)
Metanilic acid (m-)
Methane
Formula
CH3CO2(CH2)5CH3
CH3(CH2)4CH2OH
(CH3)2CH⋅C(CH3)2OH
(CH3)2COH⋅CH2C2H5
HCO2CH2(CH2)4CH3
CH3(CH2)5C6H3(OH)2
C6H5CONHCH2CO2H
C6H9O2N3
HO2C⋅C6H4⋅CH2CO2H
HOCH2CH2CO2H
HCN
C6H4(OH)2
HO⋅C6H4⋅CHO
HO⋅C6H4⋅CONHC6H5
C9H6N⋅OH
C9H6N⋅OH
[C6H4(CO)(NH)C:]2
C16H12O2N2
C8H7N
C8H6NOH
C6H5I
IC6H4OH
HCI3
C10H16:CHCOCH3
C10H16:CHCOCH3
C14H22O
C6H4 < (CO)(N) > COH
CH2:CH⋅C(CH3):CH2
H2C:CO
C10H4(NH2)S3O9HNa2
CH3CH(OH)CO2H
C6H10O5
C6H8O4
C12H22O11⋅H2O
CH3(CH2)10CO2H
[CH3(CH2)10]2CO
CH3(CH2)10CH2OH
Pb(CH2CH3)4
Pb(CH3)4
C9H6N⋅CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(NH2)CO2H
CH3CO(CH2)2CO2H
C10H16
C10H17OH
CH3CO2C10H17
C17H31CO2H
HO2C⋅CH:CH⋅CO2H
< (⋅CHCO)2 > O
HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
H2C(CO2H)2
C12H22O11⋅H2O
C6H5CH(OH)CO2H
CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO
CH3(CH2)15CO2H
C6(CO2H)6
C10H19OH
< C6H4N:C(SH)S >
< CH2N:C(SH)SCH2 >
Hg(CN)2
Hg(ONC)2⋅½H2O
(CH3)2C:CHCOCH3
C6H3(CH3)3
H2NC6H4SO3H
CH4
Formula
weight
144 .21
102 .17
102 .17
102 .17
130 .18
194 .27
179 .17
155 .15
180 .16
90 .08
27 .03
110 .11
122 .12
213 .23
145 .16
145 .16
262 .26
264 .28
117 .15
133 .15
204 .01
220 .01
393 .73
192 .30
192 .30
206 .32
147 .13
68 .12
42 .04
427 .34
90 .08
162 .14
144 .13
360 .31
200 .32
338 .61
186 .33
323 .44
267 .34
143 .19
131 .17
116 .12
136 .23
154 .25
196 .29
280 .45
116 .07
98 .06
134 .09
134 .09
104 .06
360 .31
152 .15
182 .17
180 .16
270 .45
342 .17
156 .27
167 .25
119 .21
252 .62
293 .63
98 .14
120 .19
173 .19
16 .04
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq .
lq .
lq .
col . nd .
rhb .
lf ./aq .
cr ./aq .
syrup
lq .
cr .
nd ./aq .
pr ./al .
pr ./al .
pr .
cr .
gray
lf ./aq .
yel . pr .
col . lq .
nd ./aq .
yel . hex .
col . oil
col . oil
col . oil
yel . red
col . lq .
col . gas
cr .
hyg .
yel . oil
tri ./al .
col . rhb .
col . nd .
pl .
lf .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
cr .
lf .
lq .
col . oil
col . lq .
yel . oil
mn .
cr .
col . cr .
col . cr .
col . tri .
col . nd .
rhb ./aq .
col . rhb .
rhb .
col . pl .
nd ./al .
col . cr .
nd .
cr .
cr .
cr ./aq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . nd .
gas
0.890 0/0
0.820 20/20
0 .821 20/0
0 .809 20/4
0 .898 0
1 .371 20/4
0 .697 18
1 .332 15
1 .129 130
1 .35
1 .824 25/4
1 .857 112
4 .008 17
0 .930 20
0 .944 20
0 .939 20
Melting
point, °C
−51.6
−14
−107
68–70
187–8
d . 287
175–80
−12
170 .3
116–7
135
199–200
75–6
390–2
52
85
−28 .5
93–4
119
0 .681 20/4
200–1
−120
−151
1 .249 15/4
16 .8
10/4
0 .862
1 .525 20
0 .869 50/4
0 .809 69/4
0 .831 24/4
1 .659 18/4
1 .995 20/4
1 .086 20
1 .29318
1 .140 20/20
0 .842 20/4
0 .868 20
0 .895 20
0 .903 18/4
1 .609
1 .5
1 .601 20/4
1 .595 20/4
1 .631 15
1 .540 17
1 .300 20/4
1 .489 20/4
1 .539 20/4
0 .853 60
15/15
0 .890
1 .4220/4
1 .50
4 .003 22
4 .4
0 .858 20/4
0 .865 20/4
0 .415 −164
124 .5
202
48(44)
69–70
24
−136
−27 .5
9–10
295
33 .5
−96 .9
−9 .5
130 .5
57–60
128–9
99–100
130–5 d .
d .
118 .1
166
132
60–1
286–8
42–3
179
106
d . 320
expl .
−59
−45(−52)
d .
−182 .6
Boiling
point, °C
169.2
157.2
120–1
123762
153 .6
1797
d .
d .
25–6
285730
subl .
d .
subl .
266 .6752
subl .
253–4
110
188 .6
d .
subl .
136 .117
14018
14416
subl .
34
−56
12214
d . 250
255757
d .
225100
255–9
152291
110760
261–3
subl .
245–6
177
198–200
220762 d .
229–3016
135 d .
202
150 d .
140 d .
d .
290–53
227100
d .
212
d .
130750
164 .8
−161 .4
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
i.
0.620
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
0 .05
0 .420
s .
s . h .
∞
615
1 .3831
v . sl . s . h .
s . h .
v . sl . s . c .
i .
i .
s . h .
s .
0 .03420
sl . s .
0 .0125
sl . s .
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
s . h .
i .
d .
7 .220
∞
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
1710
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
sl . s .
2 .218
v . s .
i .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
i .
7925
16 .380
14426
v . s .
13816
10825
1620
1314
24817
i .
v . s .
0 .04 c .
i .
1 .660
12 .515
0 .0712
320
i .
215
0 .420 cc .
Alcohol
Ether
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
s . h .
v . sl . s .
v . s .
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
0 .2518
i .
sl . s .
∞
v . s .
∞
v . s .
s .
v . s .
s .
i .
s .
s . h .
s .
s .
v . s .
1 .517
∞
∞
v . s .
v . s . h .
∞
d .
s .
v . s .
sl . s .
i .
s .
s .
s .
∞
v . s .
13 .625
∞
∞
v . s .
sl . s .
∞
s .
∞
s .
v . sl . s . c .
i .
s .
i . c .
s .
sl . s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
v . s .
∞
s .
∞
∞
7030
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
825
v . s .
v . s .
4225
v . sl . s . c .
s .
0 .0114
v . sl . s .
3228
v . s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
8 .415
815
i .
s .
i .
i .
v . s .
s .
∞
s .
v . sl . s .
4720 cc .
i .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
sl . s .
∞
∞
v . sl . s .
10410 cc .
2-39
Methoxy-methoxyethanol
Methyl acetate
acrylic acid (α-)
alcohol
-amine
-amine hydrochloride
aniline
anthracene (α-)
(β-)
anthranilate (o-)
anthraquinone (2-)
benzoate
benzylaniline
bromide
butyrate (n-)
(i-)
caprate
caproate (n-)
caprylate
cellosolve
chloride
chloroacetate
chloroformate
cinnamate
cyclohexane
ethyl carbonate
ethyl ketone
ethyl oxalate
formate
furoate
glucamine
glycolate
heptoate
hypochlorite
iodide
lactate
laurate
mercaptan
methacrylate
myristate
naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
nitrate
nitrite
nonyl ketone (n-)
oleate
orange
palmitate
phosphine
propionate
propyl ketone (n-)
salicylate (o-)
stearate
toluate (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Methyl toluidine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
valerate (n-)
(i-)
vinyl ketone
Methylal
Methylene-bis-(phenyl-4-isocyanate)
bromide
chloride
dianiline
iodide
Michler’s hydrol (p-,p′-)
ketone
Morphine
Mucic acid
CH3(OCH2)2CH2OH
CH3CO2CH3
CH2:C(CH3)CO2H
CH3OH
CH3NH2
CH3NH2⋅HCl
C6H5NHCH3
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3CH3
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3CH3
NH2C6H4CO2CH3
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H3CH3
C6H5CO2CH3
C6H5N(CH3)CH2C6H5
CH3Br
CH3(CH2)2CO2CH3
(CH3)2CHCO2CH3
CH3(CH2)8CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)4CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)6CO2CH3
CH3OCH2CH2OH
CH3Cl
ClCH2CO2CH3
ClCO2CH3
C6H5CH:CHCO2CH3
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHCH3
CH3O⋅CO⋅OC2H5
CH3 .CO⋅C2H5
CH3OCO⋅CO2C2H5
HCO2CH3
C4H3O⋅CO2CH3
CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2NHCH3
HOCH2CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)5CO2CH3
ClOCH3
CH3I
CH3CH(OH)CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)10CO2CH3
CH3SH
CH2:C(CH3)CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)12CO2CH3
C10H7CH3
C10H7CH3
CH3ONO2
CH3ONO
CH3(CH2)8COCH3
C17H33CO2CH3
(CH3)2NC6H4N2C6H4SO3Na
CH3(CH2)14CO2CH3
CH3PH2
CH3CH2CO2CH3
CH3COCH2CH2CH3
HO⋅C6H4CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)16CO2CH3
CH3⋅C6H4CO2CH3
CH3⋅C6H4CO2CH3
CH3⋅C6H4CO2CH3
CH3⋅C6H4NHCH3
CH3⋅C6H4NHCH3
CH3⋅C6H4NHCH3
CH3(CH2)3CO2CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2CH3
CH3COCH:CH2
HCH(OCH3)2
(OCN⋅C6H4)2CH2
CH2Br2
CH2Cl2
(C6H5NH)2CH2
CH2I2
[(CH3)2NC6H4]2CHOH
[(CH3)2NC6H4]2CO
C17H19O3N⋅H2O
(⋅CHOHCHOHCO2H)2
106 .12
74 .08
86 .09
32 .04
31 .06
67 .52
107 .15
192 .26
192 .26
151 .16
222 .24
136 .15
197 .28
94 .94
102 .13
102 .13
186 .29
130 .18
158 .24
76 .09
50 .49
108 .52
94 .50
162 .19
98 .19
104 .10
72 .11
132 .11
60 .05
126 .11
195 .21
90 .08
144 .21
66 .49
141 .94
104 .10
214 .34
48 .11
100 .12
242 .40
142 .20
142 .20
77 .04
61 .04
170 .29
296 .49
327 .33
270 .45
48 .02
88 .11
86 .13
152 .15
298 .50
150 .17
150 .17
150 .17
121 .18
121 .18
121 .18
116 .16
116 .16
70 .09
76 .09
250 .25
173 .83
84 .93
198 .26
267 .84
270 .37
268 .35
303 .35
210 .14
lq.
col . lq .
pr .
col . lq .
col . gas
pl ./al .
lq .
lf ./al .
col . lf .
col . lq .
col . nd .
col . lq .
lq .
gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
gas
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
gas
lq .
cr ./al .
oil
mn .
lq .
gas
col . oil
oil
red pd .
col . cr .
gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr .
lq .
lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr .
col . lq .
gn .
lf ./al .
pr ./al .
pd .
1.038 25
0 .924 20/4
1 .015 20/4
0 .792 20/4
0 .699 −11
1 .23
0 .989 20/4
1 .047 99 .4
1 .181 0/4
1 .168 19/4
1 .087 25/25
1 .732 0/0
0 .898 20/4
0 .891 20/4
0 .904 0/0
0 .887 18
0 .965 20/4
0 .952 0
1 .236 20/4
1 .236 15
1 .042 36/0
0 .769 20/4
1 .002 27
0 .805 20/4
1 .156 0/0
0 .974 20/4
1 .179 21/4
<−70
−98 .7
15–16
−97–8
−92 .5
226–8
−57
86
207
24
176–7
−12 .5
9 .2
−93
<−95
−84 .7
−18
−40
−97 .7
−32 .7
33 .4
−126 .3
−14 .5
−85 .9
−99 .8
18
1 .168
0 .881 15/4
2 .279 20/4
1 .090 19
0 .896 0
0 .950 15 .6
1 .025 14/4
0 .994 40/4
1 .203 25
0 .991 15
0 .828 20/20
0 .879 18
−64 .4
5
−121
−48
18–9
−19
35–6
expl .
13 .5
30–1
20/4
0 .915
0 .812 15/15
1 .182 25/25
1 .073 15
1 .066 15
0 .973 15
0 .935 55/4
0 .895 15/4
0 .881 20/4
0 .836 20/4
0 .866 15/4
1 .222 30
2 .495 20/4
1 .336 20/4
3 .325 20/4
1 .317
−87 .5
−77 .8
−8 .3
38–9
<−50
33–4
−91
−104 .8
−52 .8
−96 .7
65
5 .7
96–7
174
254 d .
206–14
167.5
57 .1
161–3
64 .7
−6 .7 758
23015
195 .5
135 .5 15
subl .
198–9
305–6
4 .5 758
102 .3
92 .6
223–4
149 .5
192–4
124–5
−24
130740
71–2
263
101
109 .2
79 .6
173 .7
32
181 .3
151 .2
172–3
12726
42 .4
144 .8
14818
5 .8752
100 .3
295715
244 .6
241–2
65
−12
228
190–110
19615
−14759
79 .7
102
222 .2
21515
213
215
217
206–7
206–7
211761
127 .3
116 .7764
81
42–3
210–213
98 .5756
40–1
208–9 d .
180 d .
>360 d .
∞
3322
s . h .
∞
v . s .
v . s .
0 .0125
i .
i .
sl . s .
i .
0 .0230
i .
v . sl . s .
1 .7
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
∞
28016 cc .
v . sl . s .
d .
i .
i .
i .
3510
i .
3020
i .
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
23 h .
s .
∞
∞
∞
i .
∞
v . sl . s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
v . sl . s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
s .
∞
s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
sl . s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
d .
∞
∞
s .
∞
s . h .
sl . s .
sl . s .
i .
∞
∞
i .
1 .815
∞
i .
s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
sl . s .
i .
i .
0 .2 c .
i .
i .
0 .520
v . sl . s .
0 .0730
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
>85
33
d .
1 .170
220
i .
1 .420
i .
i .
0 .0220
0 .3314
∞
∞
s .
∞
s .
v . sl . s .
s .
i .
(Continued )
2-40
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Mustard gas
Myricyl alcohol
Myristic acid
Myristyl alcohol
Naphthalene
disulfonic acid (1-,5-)
(1-,6-)
sulfonic acid (α-)
(β-)
Naphthasultam (1-,8-)
disulfonate Na (1-,8-)
(2-,4-)
Naphthoic acid (α-)
(β-)
Naphthol (α-)
(β-)
sulfonic acid (α-)(1-,2-)
(β-)(2-,6-)
Naphthyl acetate (α-)
(β-)
amine (α-)
(β-)
amine hydrochloride (α-)
(β-)
amine sulfonic acid (1-,4-)
(1-,5-)
(1-,7-)
(1-,8-)
(2-,5-)
(2-,6-)
(2-,7-)
isocyanate (α-)
Nicotine
Nicotinic acid (3-)
(i-)(4-)
Nitro-acetanilide (p-)
-acetophenone (m-)
-aminoanisole (4-,1-,2-)
(5-,1-,2-)
(3-,1-,4-)
-aminophenol (4-,2-,1-)
-aniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-anisole (o-)
(p-)
-anthraquinone (α-)
-anthraquinone sulfonic acid (1-,5-)
-benzal chloride (m-)
-benzaldehyde (m-)
Nitro-benzene
-benzidine (2-)
-benzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-benzyl alcohol (m-)
-benzyl bromide (p-)
-chlorotoluene (1-,2-,6-)
-cresol (1-,3-,4-)
-cymene (1-,2-,4-)
-dimethylaniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-diphenyl (o-)
(p-)
-diphenylamine (o-)
-guanidine
Formula
(ClCH2⋅CH2)2S
C31H63OH(?)
CH3(CH2)12CO2H
CH3(CH2)12CH2OH
C10H8
C10H6(SO3H)2
C10H6(SO3H)2
C10H7SO3H⋅2H2O
C10H7SO3H⋅H2O
C10H7O2NS
C10H5O8NS3Na2⋅2H2O
C10H4O8NS3Na3⋅8½H2O
C10H7CO2H
C10H7CO2H
C10H7OH
C10H7OH
HO⋅C10H6SO3H
HO⋅C10H6SO3H
CH3CO2C10H7
CH3CO2C10H7
C10H7NH2
C10H7NH2
C10H7NH2⋅HCl
C10H7NH2⋅HCl
NH2⋅C10H6⋅SO3H
NH2⋅C10H6⋅SO3H⋅H2O
NH2⋅C10H6⋅SO3H⋅H2O
NH2⋅C10H6⋅SO3H⋅H2O
NH2⋅C10H6⋅SO3H
NH2⋅C10H6⋅.SO3H⋅H2O
NH2⋅C10H6⋅SO3H⋅H2O
C10H7N:CO
C10H14N2
C5H4NCO2H
C5H4NCO2H
CH3CONHC6H4NO2
CH3COC6H4NO2
NO2⋅C6H3(OCH3)NH2
NO2⋅C6H3(OCH3)NH2
NO2⋅C6H3(OCH3)NH2
NO2⋅C6H3(NH2)OH
NO2⋅C6H4NH2
NO2⋅C6H4NH2
NO2⋅C6H4NH2
CH3OC6H4NO2
CH3OC6H4NO2
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H3NO2
NO2⋅C14H6O2⋅SO3H
NO2⋅C6H4⋅CHCl2
NO2⋅C6H4CHO
C6H5NO2
NH2C6H4C6H3(NH2)NO2
NO2⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
NO2⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
NO2⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
NO2⋅C6H4⋅CH2OH
NO2⋅C6H4CH2Br
CH3⋅C6H3(NO2)Cl
CH3⋅C6H3(NO2)OH
CH3⋅C6H3(NO2)CH(CH3)2
NO2⋅C6N4N(CH3)2
NO2⋅C6H4N(CH3)2
NO2⋅C6H4N(CH3)2
C6H5⋅C6H4NO2
C6H5⋅C6H4NO2
C6H5⋅NH⋅C6H4NO2
H2NC(NH)NHNO2
Formula
weight
159 .08
452 .84
228 .37
214 .39
128 .17
288 .30
288 .30
244 .26
226 .25
205 .23
445 .35
584 .43
172 .18
172 .18
144 .17
144 .17
224 .23
224 .23
186 .21
186 .21
143 .19
143 .19
179 .65
179 .65
223 .25
241 .26
241 .26
241 .26
223 .25
241 .26
241 .26
169 .18
162 .23
123 .11
123 .11
180 .16
165 .15
168 .15
168 .15
168 .15
154 .12
138 .12
138 .12
138 .12
153 .14
153 .14
253 .21
333 .27
206 .03
151 .12
123 .11
229 .23
167 .12
167 .12
167 .12
153 .14
216 .03
171 .58
153 .14
179 .22
166 .18
166 .18
166 .18
199 .21
199 .21
214 .22
104 .07
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
oil
cr.
col. lf.
cr.
pl./al.
lf.
cr.
cr.
cr.
nd.
cr.
lf.
nd.
mn.
mn.
mn.
pl./aq.
lf.
nd./al.
nd./al.
rhb.
lf./aq.
nd.
lf.
nd.
cr.
cr.
cr.
cr.
cr.
cr.
col. lq.
oil
nd ./al .
nd ./aq .
rhb .
nd .
red nd .
yel . nd .
red
or . pr .
yel . rhb .
yel . rhb .
yel . mn .
col . cr .
pr ./al .
nd .
yel . cr .
mn .
nd ./aq .
yel . lq .
red nd .
tri ./aq .
mn .
yel . mn .
cr .
nd ./al .
cr .
yel .
oil
yel . oil
red mn .
yel . nd .
rhb .
nd ./al .
or . cr .
nd ./aq .
1.275 20/4
0.777 95
0.853 70/4
0.824 38/4
1.145 20/4
13–4
88
57–8
38
80.2
d.
d. 125
90
125
177–8
217
1.077 100/4
1.224 4
1.217 4
1.123 25/25
1.061 98/4
160–1
184
96
122–3
>250
125
46–9
69–70
50
111–2
250.5100
16715
217.9
300
>300
278–80
285–6
300.8
306.1
subl.
d.
1.18
1.009 20/4
1 .207 156
1 .211 156
15
1 .442
1 .43
1 .437 14
1 .254 20/4
1 .233 20
1 .205
18/4
1 .575 4/4
1 .494 4/4
1 .550 22/4
89/4
1 .240
1 .067 20/4
1 .179 20/4
1 .313 17
1 .44
<−80
235 .2
317
215–6
80–1
118
139–40
123
142–3
71 .5
114
146–7
9 .4
54
230
65
58
5 .7
143
147 .5
140–1
240–2
27
99–100
37 .5
32
60–1
163–4
37
113–4
75–6
246–7
269–70
246730
subl .
d .
202
284 .1
306 .4
331 .7
272–3
274
2707
16423
210 .9
subl .
175–803
238
12522
15215
151–380
280–5
320
340
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
0.0725
i.
i.
<0.02
0.00325
10220
16420
v. s.
7730
s. h.
v. s.
v. s.
v. sl. s. h.
0.00725
sl. s. h.
0.07425
v. s. h.
v. s.
sl. s. h.
i.
0.17 c.
v. s. h.
3.820
v. s.
0.2100
sl. s.
0.4625
0.42100
0.08
0.38100
0.28100
d.
s.
s . h .
s . h .
s . h .
i .
i .
sl . s .
sl . s . c .
s . h .
0 .1120
0 .0819
0 .1730
0 .0630
i .
s .
i .
1 .95112
0 .1920
sl . s . h .
0 .6520
0 .24165
0 .0215
Alcohol
Ether
s.
v. sl. s.
v. s.
sl. s.
9.520
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
i.
i.
sl. s.
sl. s.
s.
sl. s.
s. h.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
i.
s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
i.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
i.
s.
∞
s . h .
sl . s . h .
s .
s .
s .
s.
∞
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
7 .120
5 .820
∞
v . s .
sl . s .
i .
v . s . h .
v . s . h .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
7 .920
6 .120
∞
v . s .
v . sl . s .
i .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
2811
3112
0 .910
2211
2510
2 .218
219
v . s .
i .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
i .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s . h .
s .
sl . s . c .
v . s .
s .
9100
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . s .
v . s .
2-41
-naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
-phenol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-phenol sulfonic acid (1-,4-,2-)
(1-,2-,4-)
-phthalic acid (3-)
(4-)
-toluene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-toluene sulfonic acid (1-,4-,2-)
-toluidine (4-,1-,2-)
(3-,1-,4-)
Nitron
Nitroso-dimethylaniline (p-)
-naphthol (β-)(1-)
Nonadecane (n-)
Nonane (n-)
Octadecane (n-)
Octane (n-)
(iso-)
Octyl acetate (n-)
(sec-)
alcohol (n-)
(sec-)
Octylene (n-)
Oleic acid
Orcinol (1-,3-,5-)
Oxalic acid
Palmitic acid
Pelargonic acid
Penta-chloroethane
-decane (n-)
-erythritol
Pentandiol
Pentane (n-)
(i-)
(neo-)
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenetidine (o-)
(p-)
Phenetole
Phenol
-phthalein
-sulfonic acid (o-)
Phenyl acetaldehyde
acetic acid
-acetylene
aniline (o-)
(p-)
Phenyl-ethyl alcohol
-glycine
-hydrazine
-hydrazine sulfonic acid (p-)
isocyanate
-methylpyrazolone (3-)(N-)
-mustard oil
naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
naphthylamine (α-)
(β-)
phenol (o-)
(p-)
propyl alcohol (γ-)
quinoline (2-)(α-)
(8-)(0-)
salicylate, salol
stearate
urethane
C10H7NO2
C10H7NO2
NO2⋅C6H4⋅OH
NO2⋅C6H4⋅OH
NO2⋅C6H4⋅OH
HO⋅C6H3(NO2)SO3H⋅3H2O
HO⋅C6H3(NO2)SO3H⋅3H2O
NO2⋅C6H3(CO2H)2
NO2⋅C6H3(CO2H)2
CH3⋅C6H4NO2
CH3⋅C6H4NO2
CH3⋅C6H4NO2
CH3⋅C6H3(NO2)SO3H⋅2H2O
NO2⋅C6H3(CH3)NH2
NO2⋅C6H3(CH3)NH2
C20H16N4
ON⋅C6H4N(CH3)2
ON⋅C10H6OH
CH3(CH2)17CH3
CH3(CH2)7CH3
CH3(CH2)16CH3
CH3(CH2)6CH3
(CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2
CH3CO2CH2(CH2)6CH3
CH3CO2CH(CH3)C6H13
CH3(CH2)6CH2OH
CH3(CH2)5CH(OH)CH3
CH3(CH2)5CH:CH2
C8H17CH:CH(CH2)7CO2H
(HO)2C6H3⋅CH3
HO2C⋅CO2H⋅2H2O
CH3(CH2)14CO2H
CH3(CH2)7CO2H
CHCl2⋅CCl3
CH3(CH2)13CH3
C(CH2OH)4
HOCH2(CH2)3CH2OH
CH3(CH2)3CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CH3
(CH3)2C(CH3)2
C2H5OC6H4NHCOCH3
< (C6H4CH)2 >
C2H5O⋅C6H4⋅NH2
C2H5O⋅C6H4⋅NH2
C2H5O⋅C6H5
C6H5OH
C20H14O4
HO⋅C6H4SO3H⋅¾H2O
C6H5CH2CHO
C6H5CH2CO2H
C6H5C:CH
C6H5⋅C6H4⋅NH2
C6H5⋅C6H4⋅NH2
C6H5CH2CH2OH
C6H5NHCH2CO2H
C6H5NH⋅NH2
H2NNHC6H4SO3H
C6H5N:CO
C4H5ON2⋅C6H5
C6H5N:CS
C10H7⋅C6H5
C10H7⋅C6H5
C10H7NHC6H5
C10H7NHC6H5
C6H5⋅C6H4OH
C6H5⋅C6H4OH
C6H5(CH2)3OH
C6H5⋅C9H6N
C6H5⋅C9H6N
HO⋅C6H4CO2C6H5
CH3(CH2)16CO2C6H5
C6H5NHCO2C2H5
173 .17
173 .17
139 .11
139 .11
139 .11
273 .22
273 .22
211 .13
211 .13
137 .14
137 .14
137 .14
253 .23
152 .15
152 .15
312 .37
150 .18
173 .17
268 .52
128 .26
254 .49
114 .23
114 .23
172 .26
172 .26
130 .23
130 .23
112 .21
282 .46
124 .14
126 .07
256 .42
158 .24
202 .29
212 .41
136 .15
104 .15
72 .15
72 .15
72 .15
179 .22
178 .23
137 .18
137 .18
122 .16
94 .11
318 .32
187 .69
120 .15
136 .15
102 .13
169 .22
169 .22
122 .16
151 .16
108 .14
188 .20
119 .12
174 .20
135 .19
204 .27
204 .27
219 .28
219 .28
170 .21
170 .21
136 .19
205 .25
205 .25
214 .22
360 .57
165 .19
yel./al.
col./al.
yel. mn.
col. mn.
yel. pr.
nd.
nd./aq.
yel./aq.
yel. cr.
yel. lq.
lq .
rhb .
pl ./aq .
yel . mn .
red mn .
yel . lf .
gn . tri .
brn . pr .
cr .
col . lq .
cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . nd .
pr ./bz .
col . mn .
col . pl .
col . oil
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . mn .
pl ./al .
oil
lq .
col . lq .
col . nd .
col . rhb .
cr .
lq .
lf .
col . lq .
cr .
lf .
col . oil
cr .
yel . oil
cr ./al .
lq .
pr ./aq .
col . lq .
waxy
lf ./al .
pr ./al .
rhb .
nd .
nd .
oil
nd .
lq .
rhb ./al .
cr .
pl ./al .
1.223 62
45
1.295
1.485 20
1.479 20
20/4
1.163
1 .160 18/4
1 .139 55/55
1 .365 15
1 .312 17
0 .777 32/4
0 .718 20/4
0 .775 28/4
0 .703 20/4
0 .692 20/4
0 .885 0/4
0 .863 14/4
0 .827 20/4
0 .822 20/4
0 .721 18/4
0 .854 78/4
1 .290 4
1 .653 19/4
0 .849 70/4
0 .906 20/4
1 .671 25/4
0 .770 20/4
0 .994 20/4
0 .630 18/4
0 .621 19
0 .613 20/4
1 .179 25
1 .061 15
0 .967 20/4
1 .071 25/4
1 .299 25/4
1 .025 20
1 .081 80/4
0 .930 20/4
1 .023 18/4
1 .097 23/4
1 .096 20/4
1 .138
15/15
1 .17
1 .18
1 .008 20/4
1 .250 20/4
1 .106
30/4
59–60
79
44–5
96–7
113–4
d. 110
51.5
222
164–5
−4.1
15–16
51 .9
130
105–7
116–7
189–90 d .
86–7
109 .5
32
−53 .7
28
−56 .5
−107 .4
−38 .5
−16
−38 .6
14
107–8
101 .5
63–4
12 .5
−22
10
262
−129 .7
−160 .0
−20
134–5
99–100
<−21
3–4
−30 .2
42–3
261–2
50 d .
76–7
−43
45–6
50–2
127
19 .6
286
128
−21
45
102 .5
62
107–8
56–7
164–5
<−18
86
42–3
52
52–3
304
16515
214.5
19470
subl.
222.3
230–1
237 .7
330
150 .5759
317
125 .7
99 .3760
210
195
194–5
179–80
126
285–6100
287–90
subl .
271 .5100
253–4
162
270 .5
27630
239 .4
36 .3
27 .95
9 .5
d .
340
228–9
254–5
172
181 .4
193–4
265 .5
142–3
299760
302
219–21750
243 .5
166769
19117
219–20
336–7
345–6
335258
399 .5
275
305–8
235–7
363
283187
172–312
26715
237–8
i.
i.
1.08100
1.3520
1.625
v. s.
v. s.
2.0525
v. s.
0.0780
0 .0580
0 .0480
47 .728
v . sl . s .
sl . s . h .
i .
i .
0 .120
i .
i .
i .
0 .00216
i .
i .
i .
0 .05425
0 .09625
i .
i .
v . s .
s .
i .
v . sl . s .
0 .0520
i .
5 .615
∞
0 .03616
i .
i .
0 .720
i .
i .
i .
i .
8 .215
0 .220
v . s .
v . sl . s .
1 .6620
i .
v . sl . s .
s . h .
1 .620
s .
sl . s . h .
0 .612
d .
120
i .
i .
i .
0 .0860
0 .460
i .
i .
sl . s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
0 .01525
i .
i . c .
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s. h.
v. s.
∞
∞
8 .615
v . s .
s .
s .
s . h .
s .
2 .418
sl . s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
sl . s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
920
s .
∞
v . s .
v . sl . s .
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
s.
∞
∞
80 .815
v . s .
s .
v . sl . s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
1 .3
s .
s .
∞
v . s .
i .
∞
∞
s .
40 h .
10 h .
s .
s .
∞
∞
1025
v . s .
∞
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
sl . s .
d .
v . s . h .
s .
v . s .
sl . s .
s .
v . s . h .
s .
s .
∞
s . h .
s .
v . s .
∞
∞
s .
1 .625
v . s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
5 .9 c .
s .
s .
∞
v . s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
sl . s .
∞
v . s .
v . sl . s .
s .
v . s .
sl . s .
s .
v . s . h .
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
(Continued )
2-42
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Phenylene-diamine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Phloroglucinol (1-,3-,5-)
Phorone
Phosgene
Phthalic acid (o-)
(m-)(iso-)
anhydride (o-)
nitrile (o-)
Phthalide
Phthalimide (o-)
Picoline (α-)
(β-)
(γ-)
Picramic acid (1-,2-,4-,6-)
Picric acid (2-,4-,6-)
Picryl chloride (2-,4-,6-)
Pinacol
Pinacoline
Pinene (α-)(dl-)
hydrochloride
Pinol (dl-)
Piperidine
carboxylic acid (α-)(dl-)
Piperidinium pentamethylene dithiocarbamate
Propane
Propionic acid
aldehyde
anhydride
Propyl acetate (n-)
(i-)
alcohol (n-)
(i-)
amine (n-)
(i-)
aniline (n-)
benzoate (n-)
(i-)
bromide (n-)
(i-)
n-butyrate (n-)
i-butyrate (n-)
n-butyrate (i-)
i-butyrate (i-)
chloride (n-)
(i-)
Propyl formate (n-)
(i-)
furoate (n-)
lactate (n-)
(i-)
mercaptan (n-)
(i-)
propionate (n-)
(i-)
thiocyanate (i-)
n-valerate (n-)
i-valerate (n-)
i-valerate (i-)
Propylene
bromide
chlorohydrin
chloride
glycol
oxide
Protocatechuic acid (3-,4-)
Formula
C6H4(NH2)2
C6H4(NH2)2
C6H4(NH2)2
C6H3(OH)3⋅2H2O
[(CH3)2C:CH]2CO
OCCl2
C6H4(CO2H)2
C6H4(CO2H)2
C6H4 < (CO)2 > O
C6H4(CN)2
C6H4(CH2)(CO) > O
C6H4 < (CO)2 > NH
C5H4N⋅CH3
C5H4N⋅CH3
C5H4N⋅CH3
HO⋅C6H2(NH2)(NO2)2
HO⋅C6H2(NO2)3
ClC6H2(NO2)3
[(CH3)2C⋅OH]2
CH3COC(CH3)3
C10H16
C10H17Cl
C10H16O
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > NH
HO2C⋅CH < (CH2CH2)2 > NH
(CH2)5CS2H⋅HN(CH2)5
CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2CO2H
CH3CH2CHO
(CH3CH2CO)2O
CH3CO2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CO2CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2OH
(CH3)2CHOH
CH3CH2CH2NH2
(CH3)2CHNH2
C6H5NHCH2CH2CH3
C6H5CO2CH2CH2CH3
C6H5CO2CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2Br
(CH3)2CHBr
C2H5CH2CO2CH2C2H5
(CH3)2CHCO2CH2C2H5
C2H5CH2CO2CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CHCO2CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2Cl
(CH3)2CHCl
HCO2CH2CH2CH3
HCO2CH(CH3)2
C4H3O⋅CO2C3H7
CH3CH(OH)CO2CH2C2H5
CH3CH(OH)CO2CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2SH
(CH3)2CHSH
C2H5CO2CH2C2H5
C2H5CO2CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CH⋅CNS
CH3(CH2)3CO2CH2C2H5
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2C3H7
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2C3H7
CH3CH:CH2
CH3CHBrCH2Br
CH3CHClCH2OH
CH3CHClCH2Cl
CH3CH(OH)CH2OH
CH3(CHCH2)O
(HO)2C6H3CO2H⋅H2O
Formula
weight
Form and
color
108 .14
108 .14
108 .14
162 .14
138 .21
98 .92
166 .13
166 .13
148 .12
128 .13
134 .13
147 .13
93 .13
93 .13
93 .13
199 .12
229 .10
247 .55
118 .17
100 .16
136 .23
172 .69
152 .23
85 .15
129 .16
232 .43
44 .10
74 .08
58 .08
130 .14
102 .13
102 .13
60 .10
60 .10
59 .11
59 .11
135 .21
164 .20
164 .20
122 .99
122 .99
130 .18
130 .18
130 .18
130 .18
78 .54
78 .54
88 .11
88 .11
154 .16
132 .16
132 .16
76 .16
76 .16
116 .16
116 .16
101 .17
144 .21
144 .21
144 .21
42 .08
201 .89
94 .54
112 .99
76 .09
58 .08
172 .14
lf./aq.
rhb.
mn.
rhb.
yel. pr.
gas
mn./aq.
nd./aq.
rhb.
cr.
nd./aq.
cr./et.
col. lq.
col . lq .
lq .
red nd .
yel . rhb .
yel . mn .
col . nd .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lf .
lq .
lq .
cr .
cr .
gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
gas
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . oil
col . lq .
nd ./aq .
Specific
gravity
1.139 15/15
0.885 20/4
1.392 19/4
1.593 20/4
1.527
4
1.164
99/4
0.950 15/4
0 .961 15/4
0 .957 15/4
1 .763 20/4
1 .797 20
0 .967 15
0 .800 16
0 .878 20/4
0 .953 20/20
0 .860 20/4
1 .13
0 .585 −45/4
0 .992 20/4
0 .807 20/4
1 .012 20/4
0 .886 20/4
0 .874 20/20
0 .804 20/4
0 .78920/4
0 .718 20/20
0 .694 15/4
0 .949 18
1 .021 25/25
1 .010 25/25
1 .353 20/4
1 .310 20/4
0 .879 15
0 .884 0/4
0 .865 18
0 .869 0/4
0 .890 20/4
0 .859 20
0 .901 20/4
0 .873 20/4
1 .075 26/4
0 .836 25/4
0 .809 25/4
0 .883 20/4
0 .893 0
0 .963 20
0 .874 15
0 .863 20/4
0 .854 17
0 .609 −47/4
1 .933 20/4
1 .103 20
1 .159 20/20
1 .040 19 .4
0 .831 20/20
1 .542 4/4
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
103–4
62.8
140
117
28
−104
208
330
130.8
141
73(65)
238
−70
256–8
284–7
267
subl.
197.2743
8.2756
d.
subl.
284.5
169
121 .8
83
43(38)
−52 .5
−55
131–2
−9
264
175
−187 .1
−22
−81
−45
−92 .5
−73 .4
−127
−85 .8
−83
−101
−51 .6
−109 .9
−89
−95 .2
−122 .8
−117
−92 .9
−112
−130 .7
−76
−70 .7
−185
−55 .5
<−70
199 d .
290
subl.
128.8
143 .5
143 .1
expl .
d .
171–2789
106 .2
154–6
207–8
183–4
106
−42 .2
141 .1
49 .5740
168 .8780
101 .6
88 .4
97 .8
82 .5
49–50761
33–4
222
231
218 .5
70 .8
60
142 .7
134–5
128
120 .8
46 .4
36 .5
81 .3
68–71751
211
122–3150
167 .5
67–8
58–60
122–3
109–11750
152–3754
67 .5
155 .9
142756
−48749
141 .6
133–4
96 .8
188–9
35
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
73381
35.125
669107
1.1325
0.150
v. sl. s.
0.7025
0.2100
v. sl. s.
sl. s. c.
v. sl. s.
0.0425
v. s.
∞
∞
0 .1422
1 .2320
0 .01815
sl . s . c .
2 .515
v . sl . s .
i .
Alcohol
Ether
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
1218
s.
s.
0.6815
s.
5
∞
∞
∞
s .
620
4 .817
v . s .
s .
s .
33
s .
∞
sl. s.
s. h.
∞
∞
∞
sl . s .
113
717
v . s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
s .
628
6 .518 cc .
∞
2020
d .
1 .616
320
∞
∞
∞
∞
i .
i .
i .
0 .2520
0 .3220
0 .1717
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
0 .2720
0 .3120
12 .222
2 .122
v . sl . s .
s .
s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
0 .5625
0 .625
i .
i .
i .
s .
∞
∞
d .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
44 .6 cc .
0 .2520
s .
0 .2720
∞
3320
1 .8214
1200 cc .
s .
s .
v . s .
∞
∞
v . s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
8
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
2-43
Pulegol (iso-)(d-)
Pulegone
Pyrazole
Pyrazoline
Pyrazolone
Pyrene
Pyridazine
Pyridine
Pyrocatechol (o-)
Pyrogallol (1-,2-,3-)
Pyrone
Pyrrole
Pyrrolidine
Pyrroline
Pyruvic acid
Quercitrin
Quinaldine (py-2)
Quinoline
(iso-)
-diol (1-,3-)
Quinone (p-)
R-acid Ca salt (2-)(3-,6-)
K salt
Na salt
Raffinose
Resorcinol (m-)
Retene
Rhamnose (β-)
Ricinoleic acid
Rosaniline
Rosolic acid
Saccharin
Safrole (1-,3-,4-)
(iso-)(1-,3-,4-)
Salicylic acid (o-)
aldehyde (o-)
Saligenin
Schaeffer’s salt, Ca
K
Na
Semicarbazide
hydrochloride
Skatole (3-)
Sodium methylate
Sorbitol
Sorbose (d- or l-)
Starch
Stearic acid
amide
Styrene
Suberic acid
Succinic acid
Sucrose
Sulfanilic acid (p-)
Sylvestrene (d-)
Tartaric acid (meso-)
(racemic)
(d- or l-)
Tartronic acid
Terephthalic acid (p-)
Terpin hydrate (cis-)
Terpineol (α-)(d- or l-)
(dl-)
Terpinyl acetate (α-)(dl-)
Tetrabromo-ethane (sym)
(uns)
Tetrachloro-ethane (sym)
(uns)
-ethylene
Tetracosane (n-)
Tetradecane (n-)
Tetraethyl-thiuram disulfide
C10H17OH
C10H16O
—NH⋅N:CH⋅CH:CH—
—NH⋅N:CH⋅CH2CH2—
—NH⋅CO⋅CH2CH:N—
C16H10
N2 < (CHCH)2 >
CH < (CHCH)2 > N
C6H4(OH)2
C6H3(OH)3
CO < (CHCH)2 > O
< (CH:CH)2 > NH
< (CH2⋅CH2)2 > NH
< (CH⋅CH2)2 > NH
CH3COCO2H
C21H20O11⋅2H2O
CH3⋅C9H6N
C9H7N
C9H7N
—C6H4CH:C(OH)N:C(OH)—
CO < (CHCH)2 > CO
HOC10H5(SO3)2Ca
HOC10H5(SO3K)2
HOC10H5(SO3Na)2
C18H32O16⋅5H2O
C6H4(OH)2
C18H18
CH3(CHOH)4CHO⋅H2O
C17H32(OH)CO2H
C20H21ON3
C20H16O3
C6H4(CO)(SO2) > NH
CH2:CHCH2⋅C6H3:O2CH2
CH3⋅CH:CH⋅C6H3:O2CH2
HO⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
HO⋅C6H4⋅CHO
HO⋅C6H4⋅CH2OH
(HOC10H6SO3)2Ca⋅5H2O
HOC10H6SO3K
HOC10H6SO3Na
NH2⋅CO⋅NH⋅NH2
NH2⋅CO⋅NH⋅NH3Cl
CH3⋅C8H6N
CH3ONa
[CH2OH(CHOH)2]2
C6H12O6
(C6H10O5)x
CH3(CH2)16CO2H
CH3(CH2)16CONH2
C6H5CH:CH2
HO2C(CH2)6CO2H
HO2C(CH2)2CO2H
C12H22O11
H2N⋅C6H4⋅SO3H
C10H16
(CHOHCO2H)2
(CHOHCO2H)2⋅H2O
(CHOHCO2H)2
CH(OH)(CO2H)2⋅½H2O
C6H4(CO2H)2
C10H20O2⋅H2O
C10H18O
C10H18O
CH3CO2⋅C10H17
Br2CH⋅CHBr2
Br3C⋅CH2Br
Cl2CH⋅CHCl2
Cl3C⋅CH2Cl
Cl2C:CCl2
CH3(CH2)22CH3
CH3(CH2)12CH3
[(C2H5)2NCS]2S2
154 .25
152 .23
68 .08
70 .09
84 .08
202 .25
80 .09
79 .10
110 .11
126 .11
96 .08
67 .09
71 .12
69 .11
88 .06
484 .41
143 .19
129 .16
129 .16
161 .16
108 .09
342 .36
380 .48
348 .26
594 .51
110 .11
234 .34
182 .17
298 .46
319 .40
304 .34
183 .18
162 .19
162 .19
138 .12
122 .12
124 .14
576 .60
262 .32
246 .21
75 .07
111 .53
131 .17
54 .02
182 .17
180 .16
162 .14
284 .48
283 .49
104 .15
174 .19
118 .09
342 .30
173 .19
136 .23
150 .09
168 .10
150 .09
129 .07
166 .13
190 .28
154 .25
154 .25
196 .29
345 .65
345 .65
167 .85
167 .85
165 .83
338 .65
198 .39
296 .54
col. lq.
col. lq.
nd ./et .
lq .
nd .
yel . pr .
lq .
col . lq .
nd ./aq .
nd .
cr .
lq .
lq .
lq .
col . lq .
yel . nd .
lq .
lq .
pl .
cr .
yel . mn .
cr .
cr .
cr .
cr ./aq .
col . rhb .
lf ./al .
col . mn .
lq .
col . nd .
red lf .
mn .
col . mn .
col . lq .
mn .
col . oil
rhb ./aq .
cr .
cr .
cr .
pr ./al .
pr .
lf .
pd .
cr .
rhb .
amor .
mn .
col . cr .
col . lq .
nd ./aq .
col . mn .
col . mn .
col . cr .
lq .
cr .
tri .
mn .
pr ./aq .
cr .
rhb .
col . cr .
col . cr .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
cr .
col . lq .
cr .
0.911 20/4
0.932 20/20
70
1 .277 0/4
1 .107 20/4
0 .982 20/4
1 .344 4
1 .453 4
1 .190 40 .3
0 .948 20/4
0 .852 22 .5
0 .910 20/4
1 .267 20/4
1 .059 20/4
1 .095 20
1 .099 21/4
1 .318 20/4
1 .465 0
1 .272 15
1 .1316
1 .47120/4
0 .954 16
1 .100 20/4
1 .122 20/4
1 .443 20/4
1 .153 25/4
1 .161 25
1 .654 15
1 .5021
0 .847 69 .3
0 .903 20/4
1 .266 25/4
1 .572 25/4
1 .588 15
0 .863 20/4
1 .737
1 .697 20/4
1 .760 20/4
1 .510
0 .935 15
0 .935 20/20
0 .966 20/4
2 .964 20/4
2 .875 20/4
1 .600 20/4
1 .588 20/4
1 .624 15/4
0 .779 51/4
0 .765 20/4
1 .17
165
149–50
−8
−42
104–5
133–4
32 .5
13 .6
182–5
−1
−15
24 .6
237
115 .7
119
110 .7
98–9
126
4–5
186 d .
308–10 d .
225–8
11 .2
6–7
159
−7
86–7
96
173 d .
95
d . 300
110–2
165
d .
70–1
108–9
−31
140–4
189–90
170–86 d .
d . > 280
86–9 10
224754
186–8
144
subl . d .
>360
208
115–6
240–5
309
215–7
131
87–8
90–1
165
244–5750
237 .1747
240 .5763
subl .
d . 130
276 .5
390–4
226–810
subl .
233–4
252–3
21120
196 .5
subl .
265–6755
291110
25112
145–6
279100
235 d .
176–7
159–60
205–6
168–70
d . 155–8
subl .
117
38–40
35
< −50
−1 .0
0
−36
−19
51 .1
5 .5
70
d .
subl .
d .
219–21
218–9752
220 d .
15154
10413
146 .3
129–30
120 .8
324
252 .5
v. sl. s.
i.
s .
∞
s .
i .
∞
∞
45 .120
40 13
v . sl . s .
i .
∞
v . s .
∞
0 .04 20
v . sl . s .
6
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
sl . s . h .
30 .6 25
29 .5 25
25 .2 25
14 .3 20
14712
i .
60 .8 21
i .
v . sl . s .
0 .1225
0 .4 25
i .
i .
0 .223
1 .7 86
6 .615
4 .7620
3 .4625
6 .2925
v . s .
v . s .
0 .05 c .
d .
v . s .
5517
i .
0 .0325
i .
v . sl . s .
0 .1416
6 .820
1790
0 .810
12015
20 .620
13920
v . s .
0 .001 c .
0 .415
i .
i .
i .
i .
20
0 .29
i .
0 .0220
i .
i .
∞
s .
∞
v . s .
3 h .
s .
∞
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
∞
s .
0 .120
v . s .
69 h .
∞
s .
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . s .
s .
s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
sl . s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
sl . s .
v . s . h .
3 .1 c .
s .
∞
4915
∞
v . s .
v . s .
v . s . h .
i .
∞
i .
sl . s .
1 .05 c .
∞
∞
5115
∞
v . s .
v . s .
sl . s .
s .
i .
i .
s .
v . s . h .
sl . s .
i .
220
s . h .
∞
s .
9 .915
0 .9
v . sl . s .
i .
6g
s . h:
∞
0 .815
1 .215
i .
v . sl . s .
20
2515
v . s .
sl . s . h .
1015
v . s .
v . s .
20
∞
s .
∞
∞
∞
v . s .
0 .09
0 .415
i .
i .
115
v . s .
v . s .
∞
∞
∞
∞
s .
v . s .
(Continued )
2-44
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Tetrafluoro-ethylene
Tetrahydro-furan
-furfuryl alcohol
-pyran
Tetralin
Tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide
Tetryl (2-,4-,6-)
Theobromine
Thio-acetic acid
-aniline (4-,4′-)
-carbanilide
-naphthol (β-)
-phenol
-salicylic acid (o-)
-urea
Thiophene
Thymol (5-,2-,1-)
Tolidine (0-)(3-,3′-,4-,4′-)
Toluene
sulfonic acid (o-)
(p-)
sulfonic amide (p-)
sulfonic chloride (p-)
Toluic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Toluidine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
hydrochloride (o-)
sulfonic acid (1-,2-,3-)
Toluylenediamine (1-,2-,4-)
Tolylene diisocyanate (1-,2-,4-)
Trehalose
Triamylamine (n-)
(i-)
Tributyl-amine (n-)
phosphite
Trichloro-acetic acid
-benzene (s-)(1-,3-,5-)
-ethane (1-,1-,1-)
-ethylene
-phenol
Tricosane (n-)
Tricresyl phosphate (o-)
Tridecane (n-)
Triethanol amine
Triethyl-amine
-benzene (1-,3-,5-)
(1-,2-,4-)
borate
citrate
Triethylene glycol
Trifluoro-chloromethane
-chloroethylene
-trichloroethane
Trimethoxybutane (1-,3-,3-)
Trimethylamine
Trimethylene bromide
chloride
glycol
Formula
Formula
weight
F2C:CF2
—CH2(CH2)2CH2⋅O—
C4H7O⋅CH2OH
—CH2(CH2)3CH2⋅O—
—C6H4CH2(CH2)2CH2—
[(CH3)2NCS]2S2
(NO2)3C6H2⋅N(CH3)NO2
C7H8O2N4
CH3⋅CO⋅SH
(NH2⋅C6H4)2S
(C6H5⋅NH)2CS
C10H7⋅SH
C6H5⋅SH
HS⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
NH2⋅CS⋅NH2
< (CH:CH)2 > S
(CH3)(C3H7)C6H3OH
[CH3(NH2)C6H3]2
C6H5⋅CH3
CH3⋅C6H4SO3H⋅2H2O
CH3⋅C6H4SO3H⋅H2O
CH3⋅C6H4SO2NH2
CH3⋅C6H4⋅SO2Cl
CH3⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
CH3⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
CH3⋅C6H4⋅CO2H
CH3⋅C6H4⋅NH2
CH3⋅C6H4⋅NH2
CH3⋅C6H4⋅NH2
CH3⋅C6H4⋅NH3Cl
CH3(NH2)C6H3SO3H
CH3⋅C6H3(NH2)2
CH3⋅C6H3(NCO)2
C12H22O11⋅2H2O
[CH3(CH2)3CH2]3N
[(CH3)2CH(CH2)2]3N
[CH3(CH2)2CH2]3N
[CH3(CH2)3O]3P
Cl3C⋅CO2H
C6H3Cl3
Cl3C⋅CH3
Cl2C:CHCl
Cl3C6H2OH
CH3(CH2)21CH3
OP(OC6H4CH3)3
CH3(CH2)11CH3
(HOCH2CH2)3N
(CH3CH2)3N
(C2H5)3C6H3
(C2H5)3C6H3
B(OCH2CH3)3
HOC3H4(CO2C2H5)3
(⋅CH2OCH2CH2OH)2
CF3Cl
F2C:CFCl
Cl2CF⋅CClF2
CH2(OCH3)CH2C(OCH3)2CH3
(CH3)3N
BrCH2CH2CH2Br
ClCH2CH2CH2Cl
HOCH2CH2CH2OH
100 .02
72 .11
102 .13
86 .13
132 .20
240 .43
287 .14
180 .16
76 .12
216 .30
228 .31
160 .24
110 .18
154 .19
76 .12
84 .14
150 .22
212 .29
92 .14
208 .23
190 .22
171 .22
190 .65
136 .15
136 .15
136 .15
107 .15
107 .15
107 .15
143 .61
187 .22
122 .17
174 .16
378 .33
227 .43
227 .43
185 .35
250 .31
163 .39
181 .45
133 .40
131 .39
197 .45
324 .63
368 .36
184 .36
149 .19
101 .19
162 .27
162 .27
145 .99
276 .28
150 .17
104 .46
116 .47
187 .38
148 .20
59 .11
201 .89
112 .99
76 .09
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq .
col . lq .
cr .
yel . mn .
rhb .
yel . lq .
nd ./aq .
rhb ./al .
cr ./al .
col . lq .
yel . nd .
rhb ./al .
col . lq .
cr .
lf .
col . lq .
cr .
mn .
mn .
tri .
cr ./aq .
pr ./aq .
cr ./aq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
cr .
mn . pr .
cr .
rhb .
lq .
rhb ./al .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
cr .
nd .
lq .
col . lq .
nd .
lf .
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . oil
lq .
lq .
lq .
oil
col . lq .
gas
gas
lq .
lq .
gas
lq .
lq .
oil
1.58−78
0.88821/4
1.05020/4
0 .88120/4
0 .97318/4
1 .29
1 .5719
−142.5
−65
−76.3
65–6
177–8743
88
206764
1 .07410
24
1 .3
−31
155–6
130 .5
330
< −17
108
154
81
23/4
1 .074
1 .40520/4
1 .07015/4
0 .97225/25
20/4
0 .866
1 .062115/4
1 .054112/4
20/4
0 .999
0 .98920/4
1 .04620/4
164
180–2
−30
51 .5
128–9
−95
d .
104–5
137
69
104–5
110–1
179–80
−16 .3
−31 .5
44–5
218–20
99
1 .2328
expl .
93
d .
286–8
168–9
subl .
d .
84
232752
110 .8
128 .80
146–70
134 .510
259751
263
274–5
199 .7
203 .3
200 .3
242
283–5
134 .520
97
20/4
0 .786
0 .77820/20
0 .92520/4
1 .61746/15
1 .32526/4
1 .46620/20
1 .49075/4
0 .77948/4
0 .75720/4
1 .12620/20
0 .72920/20
0 .86120/4
0 .88217/4
0 .86420/20
1 .13720/4
1 .12520/20
1 .726−130
1 .57620/4
0 .932
0 .662 −5
1 .987 15/4
1 .201 15
1 .060 20/4
58
63 .5
−73
68–9
47 .7
−6 .2
20–1
−114 .8
−5
−182
−157 .5
−35
−124
−34 .4
240–5
235
216 .5761
122–312
195 .5754
208 .5764
74 .1
87 .2
246
23415
234
277–9150
89 .4
215
217–8755
120
294
290
−80
−27 .9
47 .6
63–525
3 .5
167 .5
123–5
214
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
0.0130
s.
∞
s .
i .
i .
i .
0 .0615
s .
sl . s . h .
i .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
sl . s . h .
9 .213
i .
0 .0919
v . sl . s .
0 .0516
v . s .
v . s .
0 .29
i .
2 .17100
1 .6100
1 .3100
1 .525
sl . s .
0 .7421
s .
0 .9711
s . h .
d .
s . h .
i .
i .
i .
i .
12025
i .
i .
0 .125
0 .0925
i .
i .
i .
∞
∞ > 190
i .
i .
d .
i .
∞
d .
i .
d .
4119
0 .1730
0 .2725
∞
Alcohol
Ether
s.
∞
s.
∞
s .
s .
s . h .
0 .06 c .
∞
s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
s .
7 .45
s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
∞
v . s .
sl . s .
s .
0 .03 h .
∞
s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
s .
d .
sl . s . h .
sl . s .
v . s .
s .
∞
s .
v . s .
v . s .
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
i .
s .
∞
s .
sl . s .
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
v . s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
v . s .
sl . s .
∞
s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
v . sl . s .
∞
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
Trinitro-benzene (1-,3-,5-)
-benzoic acid (2-,4-,6-)
-tert-butylxylene
-naphthalene (α-)(1-,3-,5-)
(β-)(1-,3-,8-)
(γ-)(1-,4-,5-)
-phenol (2-,3-,6-)
-toluene (β-)(2-,3-,4-)
(γ-)(2-,4-,5-)
(α-)(2-,4-,6-)
Trional
Triphenyl-arsine
carbinol
guanidine (α-)
methane
methyl
phosphate
Tripropylamine (n-)
Undecane (n-)
Urea
nitrate
Uric acid
Valeric acid (n-)
(i-)
aldehyde (n-)
(i-)
amide (n-)
(i-)
Vanillic acid (3-,4-,1-)
alcohol (3-,4-,1-)
hyl-thiuram disulfide
Vanillin (3-,4-,1-)
Veratrole (o-)
Vinyl acetate
(poly-)
acetic acid
acetylene
alcohol
(poly-)
chloride
propionate
Xylene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
sulfonic acid (1-,4-,2-)
Xylidine (1:2)(3-)
(1:2)(4-)
(1:3)(2-)
(1:3)(4-)
(1:3)(5-)
(1:4)(2-)
Xylose (l-)(+)
Xylylene dichloride (p-)
Zinc diethyl
dimethyl
dimethyl-dithiocarbamate
note: °F = 9⁄5°C + 32 .
C6H3(NO2)3
(NO2)3C6H2CO2H
(NO2)3C6(CH3)2C4H9
C10H5(NO2)3
C10H5(NO2)3
C10H5(NO2)3
(NO2)3C6H2OH
CH3C6H2(NO2)3
CH3C6H2(NO2)3
CH3C6H3(NO2)3
(C2H5SO2C2H4)2
(C6H5)3As
(C6H5)3COH
C6H5N:C(NHC6H5)2
(C6H5)3CH
(C6H5)3C . . .
OP(OC6H5)3
(CH3CH2CH2)3N
CH3(CH2)9CH3
H2N⋅CO⋅NH2
CO(NH2)2⋅HNO3
C5H4O3N4
C2H5CH2CH2CO2H
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2H
C2H5CH2CH2CHO
(CH3)2CHCH2CHO
C2H5CH2CH2CONH2
(CH3)2CHCH2CONH2
CH3O(OH)C6H3CO2H
CH3O(OH)C6H3CH2OH
[(C2H5)2NCS]2S2
CH3O(OH)C6H3CHO
C6H4(OCH3)2
CH3CO2CH:CH2
(CH3CO2CH:CH2)x
CH2:CH⋅CH2CO2H
CH2:CH⋅C:CH
CH2:CHOH
(CH2:CHOH)x
CH2:CHCl
C2H5CO2CH:CH2
C6H4(CH3)2
C6H4(CH3)2
C6H4(CH3)2
(CH3)2C6H3SO3H⋅2H2O
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO
C6H4(CH2Cl)2
Zn(CH2CH3)2
Zn(CH3)2
Zn[S2CN(CH3)2]2
213 .10
257 .11
297 .26
263 .16
263 .16
263 .16
229 .10
227 .13
227 .13
227 .13
242 .36
306 .23
260 .33
287 .36
244 .33
243 .32
326 .28
143 .27
156 .31
60 .06
123 .07
168 .11
102 .13
102 .13
86 .13
86 .13
101 .15
101 .15
168 .15
154 .16
296 .54
152 .15
138 .16
86 .09
(86 .09)
86 .09
52 .07
44 .05
(44 .05)
62 .50
100 .12
106 .17
106 .17
106 .17
222 .26
121 .18
121 .18
121 .18
121 .18
121 .18
121 .18
150 .13
175 .06
123 .53
95 .48
305 .84
col. rhb.
rhb./aq.
nd./al.
rhb.
cr./al.
yel. cr.
nd.
cr.
yel. pl.
cr./al.
pl./al.
pl.
cr.
rhb./al.
cr.
col. cr.
pr./al.
col. lq.
col . lq .
col . pr .
col . mn .
cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
lq .
col . lq .
mn . pl .
mn .
nd ./aq .
mn ./aq .
cr .
mn .
cr .
col . lq .
col . lq .
gas
gas
lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lq .
col . lf .
lq .
pr .
lq .
lq .
oil
oil
nd .
mn .
col . lq .
col . lq .
1.688 20/4
1.620 20/4
1.620 20/4
1.654
1.199 85/4
1.306
1.188 20/4
1.13
1.014 99/4
1.206 58/4
0.757 20/4
0 .741 20/4
1 .335 20/4
1 .893 20
0 .939 20/4
0 .931 20/20
0 .819 11
0 .803 17
1 .023
0 .965 20/4
1 .17
1 .056
1 .091 15/15
0 .932 20/4
1 .1920
1 .013 15/15
0 .705 1 .5
1 .320
0 .908 25/25
20/4
0 .881
0 .867 17/4
0 .861 20/4
0 .991 15
1 .076 17 .5
0 .980 15
0 .978 20/4
0 .972 20/4
0 .979 21/4
1 .535 0
1 .417 0
1 .182 18
1 .386 11
2 .0040/4
121
210–20 d.
110
122–3
218–9
148–9
117–8
112
104
80.8
76
59–60
162.5
144–5
93.4
145–7
49–50
−93.5
−25 .6
132 .7
152 d .
d .
−34 .5
−37 .6
−92
−51
106
135–7
207
115
70
81–2
22 .5
< −60
100–25
−39
d . >200
−160
−25
−47 .4
13 .2
86
< −15
49–50
15 .5
153–4
100 .5
−28
−40
248–50
d.
expl.
expl.
expl.
d.
>360
>360
d.
359754
d.
24511
156.5
194 .5
d .
187
176
103 .4
92 .5
232
subl .
d .
285
207 .1
72–3
163
5 .5
−12
93–5
144
139 .3
138 .5
1490 .1
223
224–6
216–7
213–4
221–2
215789
240–5 d .
118
46
0.0315
2.0524
i.
i.
0.02100
i.
s. h.
i.
i.
0.0120
0.315
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i .
10017
v . s . h .
0 .06 h .
3 .316
4 .220
v . sl . s .
sl . s .
v . s .
s .
0 .1214
v . s . h .
i .
114
v . sl . s .
220
i .
s .
0 .670 .6
s .
sl . s .
v . sl . s .
i .
i .
i .
s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
v . sl . s .
11720
i .
d .
d .
i .
1.918
1.518
sl. s.
s.
0.0523
0.1119
v. s.
sl. s. c.
s. h.
1.522
50
s.
v. s.
40
v. s. h.
sl. s. h.
15525
∞
∞
2020
s .
i .
∞
∞
s .
s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
s.
i .
∞
∞
s .
s .
v . s .
s .
v . s .
v . s .
v . s .
s .
∞
v . s .
s .
∞
∞
∞
s .
v . s .
s .
s .
s .
∞
∞
v . s .
s .
s .
v . sl . s .
s .
d .
d .
i .
v . sl . s .
0.1315
0.419
v. s.
s.
v. s.
533
6.615
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
sl . s .
2-45
2-46
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
VAPOR PRESSURES
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTAnCES
TABLE 2-3 Vapor Pressure of Water Ice from 0 to -40çC
Vapor pressure
t, °C
0
−0 .5
−1 .0
−1 .5
−2 .0
−2 .5
−3 .0
−3 .5
−4 .0
−4 .5
−5 .0
−5 .5
−6 .0
−6 .5
−7 .0
−7 .5
−8 .0
−8 .5
−9 .0
−9 .5
−10 .0
−10 .5
−11 .0
−11 .5
−12 .0
−12 .5
−13 .0
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure
mmHg
kPa
t, °C
mmHg
kPa
t, °C
mmHg
kPa
4 .584
4 .399
4 .220
4 .049
3 .883
3 .724
3 .571
3 .423
3 .281
3 .145
3 .013
2 .887
2 .766
2 .649
2 .537
2 .429
2 .325
2 .225
2 .130
2 .038
1 .949
1 .865
1 .783
1 .705
1 .630
1 .558
1 .489
0 .6112
0 .5865
0 .5627
0 .5398
0 .5177
0 .4965
0 .4761
0 .4564
0 .4375
0 .4193
0 .4018
0 .3849
0 .3687
0 .3532
0 .3382
0 .3238
0 .3100
0 .2967
0 .2839
0 .2717
0 .2599
0 .2486
0 .2377
0 .2273
0 .2173
0 .2077
0 .1985
−13 .5
−14 .0
−14 .5
−15 .0
−15 .5
−16 .0
−16 .5
−17 .0
−17 .5
−18 .0
−18 .5
−19 .0
−19 .5
−20 .0
−20 .5
−21 .0
−21 .5
−22 .0
−22 .5
−23 .0
−23 .5
−24 .0
−24 .5
−25 .0
−25 .5
−26 .0
−26 .5
1 .423
1 .359
1 .298
1 .240
1 .184
1 .130
1 .079
1 .029
0 .9822
0 .9370
0 .8937
0 .8522
0 .8125
0 .7745
0 .7381
0 .7034
0 .6701
0 .6383
0 .6078
0 .5787
0 .5509
0 .5243
0 .4989
0 .4747
0 .4515
0 .4294
0 .4083
0 .1897
0 .1812
0 .1731
0 .1653
0 .1578
0 .1507
0 .1438
0 .1372
0 .1310
0 .1249
0 .1191
0 .1136
0 .1083
0 .1033
0 .09841
0 .09377
0 .08934
0 .08510
0 .08104
0 .07716
0 .07345
0 .06991
0 .06652
0 .06329
0 .06020
0 .05725
0 .05443
−27 .0
−27 .5
−28 .0
−28 .5
−29 .0
−29 .5
−30 .0
−30 .5
−31 .0
−31 .5
−32 .0
−32 .5
−33 .0
−33 .5
−34 .0
−34 .5
−35 .0
−35 .5
−36 .0
−36 .5
−37 .0
−37 .5
−38 .0
−38 .5
−39 .0
−39 .5
−40 .0
0 .3881
0 .3688
0 .3505
0 .3330
0 .3162
0 .3003
0 .2851
0 .2706
0 .2568
0 .2437
0 .2311
0 .2192
0 .2078
0 .1970
0 .1867
0 .1769
0 .1676
0 .1587
0 .1503
0 .1423
0 .1347
0 .1274
0 .1206
0 .1140
0 .1078
0 .1019
0 .0963
0 .05174
0 .04918
0 .04673
0 .04439
0 .04216
0 .04004
0 .03801
0 .03608
0 .03424
0 .03249
0 .03082
0 .02923
0 .02771
0 .02627
0 .02490
0 .02359
0 .02235
0 .02116
0 .02004
0 .01897
0 .01796
0 .01699
0 .01607
0 .01520
0 .01437
0 .01359
0 .01284
source: Formulation of Wagner, Saul, and Pruss, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23, 515
(1994), implemented in Harvey, Peskin, and Klein, NIST/ASME Steam Properties, NIST
Standard Reference Database 10, Version 2 .2, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md ., 2000 . This source provides data down to 190 K (−83 .15°C) . A
formula extending to 110 K may be found in Murphy and Koop, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131,
1539 (2005) .
TABLE 2-4 Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Liquid Water
from 0 to -40çC*
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure
t, °C
mmHg
kPa
t, °C
mmHg
kPa
t, °C
mmHg
kPa
0
−0.5
−1.0
−1.5
−2.0
−2.5
−3.0
−3.5
−4.0
−4.5
−5.0
−5.5
−6.0
−6.5
−7.0
−7.5
−8.0
−8.5
−9.0
−9.5
−10.0
−10.5
−11.0
−11.5
−12.0
−12.5
−13.0
4.584
4.421
4.262
4.108
3.959
3.816
3.676
3.542
3.411
3.285
3.163
3.046
2.932
2.822
2.715
2.612
2.513
2.417
2.324
2.235
2.149
2.065
1.985
1.907
1.832
1.760
1.690
0.6112
0.5894
0.5682
0.5477
0.5279
0.5087
0.4901
0.4722
0.4548
0.4380
0.4218
0.4061
0.3909
0.3762
0.3620
0.3483
0.3351
0.3223
0.3099
0.2980
0.2865
0.2753
0.2646
0.2542
0.2442
0.2346
0.2253
−13.5
−14.0
−14.5
−15.0
−15.5
−16.0
−16.5
−17.0
−17.5
−18.0
−18.5
−19.0
−19.5
−20.0
−20.5
−21.0
−21.5
−22.0
−22.5
−23.0
−23.5
−24.0
−24.5
−25.0
−25.5
−26.0
−26.5
1.623
1.558
1.495
1.435
1.377
1.321
1.267
1.215
1.165
1.117
1.070
1.026
0.9827
0.9414
0.9016
0.8633
0.8265
0.7911
0.7571
0.7244
0.6930
0.6628
0.6337
0.6059
0.5791
0.5534
0.5288
0.2163
0.2077
0.1993
0.1913
0.1836
0.1761
0.1689
0.1620
0.1553
0.1489
0.1427
0.1367
0.1310
0.1255
0.1202
0.1151
0.1102
0.1055
0.1009
0.0965
0.0923
0.08836
0.08449
0.08078
0.07721
0.07379
0.07050
−27.0
−27.5
−28.0
−28.5
−29.0
−29.5
−30.0
−30.5
−31.0
−31.5
−32.0
−32.5
−33.0
−33.5
−34.0
−34.5
−35.0
−35.5
−36.0
−36.5
−37.0
−37.5
−38.0
−38.5
−39.0
−39.5
−40.0
0.5051
0.4824
0.4606
0.4397
0.4197
0.4005
0.3820
0.3644
0.3475
0.3313
0.3158
0.3009
0.2867
0.2731
0.2600
0.2476
0.2356
0.2242
0.2133
0.2029
0.1929
0.1834
0.1743
0.1656
0.1573
0.1494
0.1419
0.06734
0.06431
0.06141
0.05862
0.05595
0.05339
0.05094
0.04858
0.04633
0.04417
0.04210
0.04012
0.03822
0.03640
0.03467
0.03300
0.03141
0.02989
0.02844
0.02705
0.02572
0.02445
0.02324
0.02208
0.02098
0.01992
0.01891
∗source: Murphy and Koop, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 1552 (2005) . The formula in
the reference extends down to 123 K (−150 .15°C), although in practice pure liquid
water cannot be supercooled below about 235 K .
Unit Conversions For this subsection, the following unit conversions
are applicable: °F = 9⁄5°C + 32 .
To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 0 .01934 . To convert cubic feet to cubic meters, multiply by 0 .02832 .
To convert bars to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 14 .504 . To convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 1 × 102 .
Additional References Additional vapor-pressure data may be
found in major thermodynamic property databases, such as those produced by the AIChE’s DIPPR program (aiche .org/dippr), NIST’s Thermodynamics Research Center (trc .nist .gov), the Dortmund Databank
(ddbst .de), and the Physical Property Data Service (ppds .co .uk) . Additional sources include the NIST Chemistry Webbook (webbook .nist
.gov/chemistry/); Boublik, T ., V . Fried, and E . Hala, The Vapor Pressures of
Pure Substances, 2d ed ., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984; Bruce Poling, JohnPrausnitz, and John O’Connell, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 5th ed .,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001; Vapor Pressure of Chemicals (subvolumes A,
B, and C), vol . IV/20 in Landolt-Bornstein: Numerical Data and Functional
Relationships in Science and Technology—New Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
1999–2001 . The most recent work on water may be found at The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam website http://
iapws .org .
TABLE 2-5 Vapor Pressure (MPa) of Liquid Water
from 0 to 100çC
t, °C
0 .01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Pvp, MPa
t, °C
Pvp, MPa
t, °C
Pvp, MPa
0 .00061165
0 .00065709
0 .00070599
0 .00075808
0 .00081355
0 .00087258
0 .00093536
0 .0010021
0 .0010730
0 .0011483
0 .0012282
0 .0013130
0 .0014028
0 .0014981
0 .0015990
0 .0017058
0 .0018188
0 .0019384
0 .0020647
0 .0021983
0 .0023393
0 .0024882
0 .0026453
0 .0028111
0 .0029858
0 .0031699
0 .0033639
0 .0035681
0 .0037831
0 .0040092
0 .0042470
0 .0044969
0 .0047596
0 .0050354
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
0 .0053251
0 .0056290
0 .0059479
0 .0062823
0 .0066328
0 .0070002
0 .0073849
0 .0077878
0 .0082096
0 .0086508
0 .0091124
0 .0095950
0 .010099
0 .010627
0 .011177
0 .011752
0 .012352
0 .012978
0 .013631
0 .014312
0 .015022
0 .015762
0 .016533
0 .017336
0 .018171
0 .019041
0 .019946
0 .020888
0 .021867
0 .022885
0 .023943
0 .025042
0 .026183
0 .027368
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
0 .028599
0 .029876
0 .031201
0 .032575
0 .034000
0 .035478
0 .037009
0 .038595
0 .040239
0 .041941
0 .043703
0 .045527
0 .047414
0 .049367
0 .051387
0 .053476
0 .055635
0 .057867
0 .060173
0 .062556
0 .065017
0 .067558
0 .070182
0 .072890
0 .075684
0 .078568
0 .081541
0 .084608
0 .087771
0 .091030
0 .094390
0 .097852
0 .10142
From E . W . Lemmon, M . O . McLinden, and D . G . Friend, “ Thermophysical Properties
of Fluid Systems” in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database
Number 69, Eds . P . J . Linstrom and W . G . Mallard, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md . (http://webbook .nist .gov) and Wagner, W .,
and A ., Pruss, “The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of
Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
31(2):387–535, 2002 .
The website mentioned above allows users to generate their own tables of thermodynamic properties . The user can select the units as well as the temperatures and/or
pressures for which properties are to be generated . The results can then be copied into
spreadsheets or other files .
VAPOR PRESSURES
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-22, 2-32, 2-69, 2-72, 2-74, 2-75, 2-95, 2-106, 2-139, 2-140, 2-146, and 2-148 Sorted by
Chemical Family
Name
Cmpd. no.
Formula
Paraffins
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
Undecane
Dodecane
Tridecane
Tetradecane
Pentadecane
Hexadecane
Heptadecane
Octadecane
Nonadecane
Eicosane
2-Methylpropane
2-Methylbutane
2,3-Dimethylbutane
2-Methylpentane
2,3-Dimethylpentane
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Cyclohexane
Methylcyclopentane
Ethylcyclopentane
Methylcyclohexane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclohexane
193
125
295
31
279
171
160
265
256
74
336
123
327
319
277
169
158
263
254
124
236
202
107
234
114
323
332
333
71
64
69
65
217
134
213
108
109
110
133
CH4
C2H6
C 3H 8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
C11H24
C12H26
C13H28
C14H30
C15H32
C16H34
C17H36
C18H38
C19H40
C20H42
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C 3H 6
C 4H 8
C5H10
C6H12
C6H12
C7H14
C7H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
135
305
36
37
38
70
285
68
177
166
271
260
77
238
205
206
218
219
298
294
29
30
201
C 2H 4
C 3H 6
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C5H8
C5H10
C6H10
C6H12
C7H14
C8H16
C9H18
C10H20
C4H8
C5H10
C5H10
C6H10
C6H10
C9H14
C3H4
C4H6
C4H6
C5H8
7
43
288
289
178
180
181
168
C2H2
C4H6
C5H8
C5H8
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C7H12
Olefins
Ethylene
Propylene
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Cyclopentene
1-Pentene
Cyclohexene
1-Hexene
1-Heptene
1-Octene
1-Nonene
1-Decene
2-Methyl propene
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Propenylcyclohexene
Propadiene
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
Acetylenes
Acetylene
1-Butyne
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
3-Hexyne
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
1-Heptyne
Name
Cmpd. no.
Formula
Acetylenes
1-Octyne
1-Nonyne
1-Decyne
Methyl acetylene
Vinyl acetylene
Dimethyl acetylene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
3-Methyl-1-butyne
273
262
79
197
339
105
207
210
C8H14
C9H16
C10H18
C3H4
C4H4
C4H6
C5H6
C5H8
16
325
312
129
343
344
345
243
62
304
330
331
246
321
40
24
290
318
C6H6
C7H8
C8H8
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C9H10
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C10H8
C10H12
C10H14
C12H10
C14H10
C18H14
153
1
299
44
278
170
159
264
255
73
CH2O
C2H4O
C3H6O
C4H8O
C5H10O
C6H12O
C7H14O
C8H16O
C9H18O
C10H20O
8
5
222
229
283
284
310
67
144
175
176
226
102
164
165
269
270
20
C3H4O
C3H6O
C4H8O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C6H4O2
C6H10O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C13H10O
156
324
320
322
C4H4O
C4H4S
C4H8O
C4H8S
14
25
52
80
149
Ar
Br2
Cl2
D2
F2
Aromatics
Benzene
Toluene
Styrene
Ethylbenzene
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
alpha-Methyl styrene
Cumene
Propylbenzene
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Naphthalene
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Butylbenzene
Biphenyl
Phenanthrene
o-Terphenyl
Aldehydes
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Propionaldehyde
Butyraldehyde
Pentanal
Hexanal
Heptanal
Octanal
Nonanal
Decanal
Ketones
Acrolein
Acetone
Methylethyl ketone
Methylisopropyl ketone
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
Quinone
Cyclohexanone
Ethylisopropyl ketone
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
Methylisobutyl ketone
Diisopropyl ketone
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
Benzophenone
Heterocyclics
Furan
Thiophene
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrothiophene
Elements
Argon
Bromine
Chlorine
Deuterium
Fluorine
(Continued )
2-47
2-48
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-22, 2-32, 2-69, 2-72, 2-74, 2-75, 2-95, 2-106, 2-139, 2-140, 2-146, and 2-148 Sorted by
Chemical Family (Continued )
Name
Cmpd. no.
Formula
Elements
Hydrogen
Helium-4
Nitrogen
Neon
Oxygen
183
157
249
247
275
H2
He
N2
Ne
O2
194
126
296
297
34
35
281
282
66
173
174
162
163
267
268
258
259
76
337
237
204
21
214
215
216
137
309
32
33
CH4O
C2H6O
C3H8O
C3H8O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C6H14O
C6H14O
C7H16O
C7H16O
C8H18O
C8H18O
C9H20O
C9H20O
C10H22O
C11H24O
C4H10O
C5H12O
C7H8O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C2H6O2
C3H8O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
291
59
60
61
C6H6O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
112
245
221
120
95
240
228
103
208
225
244
147
143
104
101
235
13
84
142
22
121
C2H6O
C3H6O
C3H8O
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C7H8O
C8H18O
C8H18O
C9H12O
C12H10O
155
274
3
9
191
300
CH2O2
C2H2O4
C2H4O2
C3H4O2
C3H4O4
C3H6O2
Alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
Cyclohexanol
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Decanol
1-Undecanol
2-Methyl-2-propanol
3-Methyl-1-butanol
Benzyl alcohol
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Ethylene glycol
1,2-Propylene glycol
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
Phenols
Phenol
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Ethers
Dimethyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Methylethyl ether
1,4-Dioxane
Diethyl ether
Methylpropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ether
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
Methylbutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ether
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Di-isopropyl ether
Methyl pentyl ether
Anisole
Dibutyl ether
Ethylhexyl ether
Benzyl ethyl ether
Diphenyl ether
Acids
Formic acid
Oxalic acid
Acetic acid
Acrylic acid
Malonic acid
Propionic acid
Name
Cmpd. no.
Formula
Methacrylic acid
Acetic anhydride
Succinic acid
Butyric acid
Isobutyric acid
2-Methylbutanoic acid
Pentanoic acid
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Hexanoic acid
Benzoic acid
Heptanoic acid
Phthalic anhydride
Terephthalic acid
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Octanoic acid
2-Methyloctanoic acid
Nonanoic acid
Decanoic acid
192
4
313
45
189
203
280
131
172
18
161
293
317
141
266
233
257
75
C4H6O2
C4H6O3
C4H6O4
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C7H6O2
C7H14O2
C8H4O3
C8H6O4
C8H16O2
C8H16O2
C9H18O2
C9H18O2
C10H20O2
224
140
196
198
338
127
239
306
232
146
211
302
39
132
200
130
115
119
C2H4O2
C3H6O2
C3H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C5H8O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H8O2
C9H10O2
C10H10O4
C10H10O4
199
138
106
128
136
190
303
329
94
93
100
122
328
CH5N
C2H5N
C2H7N
C2H7N
C2H8N2
C3H9N
C3H9N
C3H9N
C4H11N
C4H11NO2
C6H15N
C6H15N
C6H15N
154
2
113
195
15
CH3NO
C2H5NO
C3H7NO
C3H7NO
C7H7NO
6
63
10
301
46
19
C2H3N
C2N2
C3H3N
C3H5N
C4H7N
C7H5N
251
248
CH3NO2
C2H5NO2
Acids
Esters
Methyl formate
Ethyl formate
Methyl acetate
Methyl acrylate
Vinyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Methyl propionate
Propyl formate
Methyl methacrylate
Ethyl propionate
Methyl butyrate
Propyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Ethyl butyrate
Methyl benzoate
Ethyl benzoate
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl terephthalate
Amines
Methyl amine
Ethyleneimine
Dimethyl amine
Ethyl amine
Ethylenediamine
Isopropyl amine
Propyl amine
Trimethyl amine
Diethyl amine
Diethanol amine
Di-isopropyl amine
Dipropyl amine
Triethyl amine
Amides
Formamide
Acetamide
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
N-Methyl acetamide
Benzamide
Nitriles
Acetonitrile
Cyanogen
Acrylonitrile
Propionitrile
Butyronitrile
Benzonitrile
Nitro Compounds
Nitromethane
Nitroethane
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-49
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-22, 2-32, 2-69, 2-72, 2-74, 2-75, 2-95, 2-106, 2-139, 2-140, 2-146, and 2-148 Sorted by
Chemical Family (Continued )
Name
Cmpd. no.
Formula
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
334
335
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
227
292
C2H3NO
C7H5NO
231
145
308
307
41
42
287
286
17
72
179
23
167
272
261
78
CH4S
C2H6S
C3H8S
C3H8S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C5H12S
C5H12S
C6H6S
C6H12S
C6H14S
C7H8S
C7H16S
C8H18S
C9H20S
C10H22S
117
111
223
96
230
241
209
C2H6S
C2H6S2
C3H8S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C5H12S
50
51
55
83
90
99
28
56
152
340
326
81
82
88
CCl4
CF4
CHCl3
CH2Br2
CH2Cl2
CH2F2
CH3Br
CH3Cl
CH3F
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Cl2
Isocyanates
Methyl isocyanate
Phenyl isocyanate
Mercaptans
Methyl mercaptan
Ethyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
2-Propyl mercaptan
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Benzenethiol
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Hexyl mercaptan
Benzyl mercaptan
Heptyl mercaptan
Octyl mercaptan
Nonyl mercaptan
Decyl mercaptan
Sulfides
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl disulfide
Methylethyl sulfide
Diethyl sulfide
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylbutyl sulfide
Cmpd. no.
Formula
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Bromoethane
Chloroethane
Fluoroethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Bromobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Fluorobenzene
89
97
98
27
54
151
91
92
57
58
85
86
87
26
53
150
C2H4Cl2
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
C2H5Br
C2H5Cl
C2H5F
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H5Br
C6H5Cl
C6H5F
242
212
220
341
148
116
311
CH6Si
CH5ClSi
CH4Cl2Si
C2H3Cl3Si
C2H5Cl3Si
C2H8Si
F4Si
186
49
47
48
250
315
184
185
187
188
12
182
253
252
314
276
316
CHN
CO
CO2
CS2
F3N
F6S
HBr
HCl
HF
H2S
H3N
H4N2
NO
N2 O
O2 S
O3
O3 S
11
139
118
342
Mixture
C2H4O
C2H6OS
H2O
Silanes
Methylsilane
Methylchlorosilane
Methyldichlorosilane
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Dimethylsilane
Silicon tetrafluoride
Light Gases
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chloroform
Dibromomethane
Dichloromethane
Difluoromethane
Bromomethane
Chloromethane
Fluoromethane
Vinyl chloride
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
Name
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Nitro Compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Nitrogen trifluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Ammonia
Hydrazine
Nitric oxide
Nitrous oxide
Sulfur dioxide
Ozone
Sulfur trioxide
Others
Air
Ethylene oxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Water
2-50
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-22, 2-32, 2-69, 2-72, 2-74, 2-75, 2-95, 2-106, 2-139, 2-140, 2-146,
and 2-148
Formula
No.
Name
Ar
Br2
CCl4
CF4
CHCl3
CHN
CH2Br2
CH2Cl2
CH2F2
CH2O
CH2O2
CH3Br
CH3Cl
CH3F
CH3NO
CH3NO2
CH4
CH4Cl2Si
CH4O
CH4S
CH5ClSi
CH5N
CH6Si
CO
CO2
CS2
C2H2
C2H2O4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3
C2H3Cl3Si
C2H3N
C2H3NO
C2H4
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
C2H4O
C2H4O
C2H4O2
C2H4O2
C2H5Br
C2H5Cl
C2H5Cl3Si
C2H5F
C2H5N
C2H5NO
C2H5NO2
C2H6
C2H6O
C2H6O
C2H6O2
C2H6OS
C2H6S
C2H6S
C2H6S2
C2H7N
C2H7N
C2H8N2
C2H8Si
C2N2
C3H3N
C3H4
C3H4
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H4O4
C3H5N
C3H6
C3H6
C3H6Cl2
11
14
25
50
51
55
186
83
90
99
153
155
28
56
152
154
251
193
220
194
231
212
199
242
49
47
48
7
274
340
326
341
6
227
135
81
82
88
89
97
98
1
139
3
224
27
54
148
151
138
2
248
125
112
126
137
118
117
145
111
106
128
136
116
63
10
197
294
8
9
191
301
71
305
91
Air
Argon
Bromine
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chloroform
Hydrogen cyanide
Dibromomethane
Dichloromethane
Difluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Bromomethane
Chloromethane
Fluoromethane
Formamide
Nitromethane
Methane
Methyldichlorosilane
Methanol
Methyl mercaptan
Methylchlorosilane
Methyl amine
Methylsilane
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Acetylene
Oxalic acid
Vinyl chloride
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Acetonitrile
Methyl Isocyanate
Ethylene
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Acetaldehyde
Ethylene oxide
Acetic acid
Methyl formate
Bromoethane
Chloroethane
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluoroethane
Ethyleneimine
Acetamide
Nitroethane
Ethane
Dimethyl ether
Ethanol
Ethylene glycol
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfide
Ethyl mercaptan
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl amine
Ethyl amine
Ethylenediamine
Dimethylsilane
Cyanogen
Acrylonitrile
Methyl acetylene
Propadiene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Malonic acid
Propionitrile
Cyclopropane
Propylene
1,1-Dichloropropane
Formula
No.
Name
C3H6Cl2
C3H6O
C3H6O
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H6O2
C3H6O2
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7NO
C3H7NO
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C3H8O
C3H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H9N
C3H9N
C3H9N
C4H4
C4H4O
C4H4S
C4H6
C4H6
C4H6
C4H6
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H6O3
C4H6O4
C4H7N
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8O
C4H8O
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8S
C4H10
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H11N
C4H11NO2
C5H6
C5H8
C5H8
C5H8
C5H8
C5H8
C5H8O2
92
5
245
299
140
196
300
57
58
113
195
295
221
296
297
309
223
308
307
190
303
329
339
156
324
29
30
43
105
192
198
338
4
313
46
36
37
38
64
238
44
222
320
45
120
127
189
239
306
322
31
236
34
35
95
237
240
228
32
33
103
41
42
96
230
241
94
93
207
70
201
210
288
289
232
1,2-Dichloropropane
Acetone
Methyl vinyl ether
Propionaldehyde
Ethyl formate
Methyl acetate
Propionic acid
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
N-Methyl acetamide
Propane
Methylethyl ether
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
1,2-Propylene glycol
Methylethyl sulfide
Propyl mercaptan
2-Propyl mercaptan
Isopropyl amine
Propyl amine
Trimethyl amine
Vinyl acetylene
Furan
Thiophene
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
1-Butyne
Dimethyl acetylene
Methacrylic acid
Methyl acrylate
Vinyl acetate
Acetic anhydride
Succinic acid
Butyronitrile
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Cyclobutane
2-Methyl propene
Butyraldehyde
Methylethyl ketone
Tetrahydrofuran
Butyric acid
1,4-Dioxane
Ethyl acetate
Isobutyric acid
Methyl propionate
Propyl formate
Tetrahydrothiophene
Butane
2-Methylpropane
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
Diethyl ether
2-Methyl-2-propanol
Methylpropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ether
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
Diethyl sulfide
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methylpropyl sulfide
Diethyl amine
Diethanol amine
2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne
Cyclopentene
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
3-Methyl-1-butyne
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Methyl methacrylate
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-51
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-22, 2-32, 2-69, 2-72, 2-74, 2-75, 2-95, 2-106, 2-139, 2-140, 2-146,
and 2-148 (Continued )
Formula
No.
Name
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H12
C5H12
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O2
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H12S
C6H3N3O6
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4O2
C6H5Br
C6H5Cl
C6H5F
C6H6
C6H6O
C6H6S
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10O
C6H12
C6H12
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H12S
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H14S
C6H15N
C6H15N
C6H15N
C7H5N
C7H5N3O6
C7H5NO
C7H6O2
C7H7NO
69
205
206
285
229
278
283
284
146
203
211
280
302
202
279
143
147
204
208
225
244
281
282
104
209
286
287
334
85
86
87
310
26
53
150
16
291
17
218
68
178
180
181
219
67
65
177
217
66
144
170
175
176
226
39
131
132
172
72
107
171
234
101
173
174
235
179
100
122
328
19
335
292
18
15
Cyclopentane
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
1-Pentene
Methylisopropyl ketone
Pentanal
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
Ethyl propionate
2-Methylbutanoic acid
Methyl butyrate
Pentanoic acid
Propyl acetate
2-Methylbutane
Pentane
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylpropyl ether
3-Methyl-1-butanol
Methylbutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ether
Methyl tert-butyl ether
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Methylbutyl sulfide
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Quinone
Bromobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Fluorobenzene
Benzene
Phenol
Benzenethiol
1-Methylcyclopentene
Cyclohexene
3-Hexyne
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
3-Methylcyclopentene
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexane
1-Hexene
Methylcyclopentane
Cyclohexanol
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Hexanal
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
Methylisobutyl ketone
Butyl acetate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Hexanoic acid
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
2,3-Dimethylbutane
Hexane
2-Methylpentane
Di-isopropyl ether
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
Methyl pentyl ether
Hexyl mercaptan
Di-isopropyl amine
Dipropyl amine
Triethyl amine
Benzonitrile
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Phenyl isocyanate
Benzoic acid
Benzamide
Formula
C7H8
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8S
C7H12
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O2
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H16S
C8H4O3
C8H6O4
C8H8
C8H8O2
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16O2
C8H16O2
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H18S
C9H10
C9H10O2
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12O
C9H14
C9H16
C9H18
C9H18O
C9H18O2
C9H18O2
C9H20
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H20S
C10H8
C10H10O4
C10H10O4
C10H12
C10H14
C10H18
No.
Name
325
13
21
59
60
61
23
168
134
166
213
102
159
164
165
214
215
216
161
114
160
162
163
167
293
317
312
200
129
343
344
345
273
108
109
110
133
271
264
269
270
141
266
265
323
332
333
84
142
267
268
272
243
130
62
304
330
331
22
298
262
260
255
233
257
256
258
259
261
246
115
119
321
40
79
Toluene
Anisole
Benzyl alcohol
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Benzyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Ethylcyclopentane
1-Heptene
Methylcyclohexane
Di-isopropyl ketone
Heptanal
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Heptanoic acid
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Heptane
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
Heptyl mercaptan
Phthalic anhydride
Terephthalic acid
Styrene
Methyl benzoate
Ethylbenzene
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
1-Octyne
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclohexane
1-Octene
Octanal
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Octanoic acid
Octane
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
Dibutyl ether
Ethylhexyl ether
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
Octyl mercaptan
alpha-Methyl styrene
Ethyl benzoate
Cumene
Propylbenzene
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Benzyl ethyl ether
Propenylcyclohexene
1-Nonyne
1-Nonene
Nonanal
2-Methyloctanoic acid
Nonanoic acid
Nonane
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
Nonyl mercaptan
Naphthalene
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Butylbenzene
1-Decyne
(Continued )
2-52
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-22, 2-32, 2-69, 2-72, 2-74, 2-75, 2-95, 2-106, 2-139, 2-140, 2-146,
and 2-148 (Continued )
Formula
No.
Name
Formula
No.
Name
C10H20
C10H20O
C10H20O2
C10H22
C10H22O
C10H22S
C11H24
C11H24O
C12H10
C12H10O
C12H26
C13H10O
C13H28
C14H10
C14H30
C15H32
C16H34
C17H36
C18H14
C18H38
C19H40
C20H42
Cl2
77
73
75
74
76
78
336
337
24
121
123
20
327
290
319
277
169
158
318
263
254
124
52
1-Decene
Decanal
Decanoic acid
Decane
1-Decanol
Decyl mercaptan
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Biphenyl
Diphenyl ether
Dodecane
Benzophenone
Tridecane
Phenanthrene
Tetradecane
Pentadecane
Hexadecane
Heptadecane
o-Terphenyl
Octadecane
Nonadecane
Eicosane
Chlorine
D2
F2
F3N
F4Si
F6S
HBr
HCl
HF
H2
H2O
H2S
H3N
H4N2
He
NO
N2
N2O
Ne
O2
O2S
O3
O3S
80
149
250
311
315
184
185
187
183
342
188
12
182
157
253
249
252
247
275
314
276
316
Deuterium
Fluorine
Nitrogen trifluoride
Silicon tetrafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen
Water
Hydrogen sulfide
Ammonia
Hydrazine
Helium-4
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Neon
Oxygen
Sulfur dioxide
Ozone
Sulfur trioxide
TABLE 2-8 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa, T in K
Cmpd. no.∗
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
Formula
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
CAS
C1
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
52.9107
125.8 1
53.27
67.1818
69.006
46.735
39.63
138.4
46.745
57.3157
21.662
90.483
128.06
42.127
85.474
83.107
77.765
88.513
55.0403
88.404
100.68
68.541
118.02
77.314
108.26
63.749
57.3242
44.7643
39.714
75.572
66.343
103.28
123.22
106.29483
122.552
51.836
72.541
71.704
122.82
101.22
65.382
60.649
77.004
51.648
78.1171
60.6576
47.0169
67.114
45.698
78.441
61.89
71.334
54.144
44.677
146.43
44.555
58.3592
46.854
95.403
210.88
C2
−4643.14
−12,376
−6304.5
−7463.47
−5599.6
−5126.18
−2552.2
−7122.7
−6587.1
−5662.2
−692.39
−4669.7
−9307.7
−1093.1
−11,932
−6486.2
−8455.1
−11,829
−7363.83
−11,769
−11,059
−7886.2
−10,527
−9910.4
−6592
−7130.2
−4931.2
−3907.8
−3769.9
−4621.9
−4363.2
−11,548
−12,620
−9866.35511
−10,236.2
−4019.2
−4691.2
−4563.1
−9253.2
−9255.4
−6262.4
−5785.9
−5054.5
−5301.36
−8924.37
−6404.32
−2839
−4820.4
−1076.6
−6128.1
−2296.3
−3855
−6244.4
−4026
−7792.3
−3521.3
−5111.33
−4445.5
−10,581
−13,928
C3
−4.50683
−14.589
−4.2985
−6.24388
−7.0985
−3.54064
−2.78
−19.638
−3.2208
−5.06221
−0.39208
−11.607
−16.693
−4.1425
−8.3348
−9.2194
−7.7404
−8.6826
−4.50612
−8.9014
−10.709
−6.5804
−13.91
−7.5079
−14.16
−5.879
−5.2244
−3.4016
−2.6407
−8.5323
−7.046
−10.925
−13.986
−11.6553
−14.125
−4.5229
−7.9776
−7.9053
−14.99
−11.538
−6.2585
−5.6113
−8.5665
−4.2559
−7.59929
−5.49286
−3.86388
−7.5303
−4.8814
−8.5766
−7.086
−8.5171
−4.5343
−3.371
−20.614
−3.4258
−5.35261
−3.6533
−10.004
−29.483
C4
2.70E-17
5.0824E-06
8.89E-18
6.86E-18
6.2237E-06
1.40E-17
2.39E-16
0.026447
5.2253E-07
1.51E-17
0.0047574
0.017194
0.014919
0.000057254
1.29E-18
6.9844E-06
4.31E-18
2.32E-19
1.95E-18
1.93E-18
3.06E-18
2.4285E-06
6.4794E-06
2.24E-18
0.016043
5.21E-18
3.08E-17
2.95E-17
6.94E-18
0.000012269
9.4509E-06
4.26E-18
0.000003926
1.08E-17
2.36E-17
4.88E-17
0.000010368
0.000011319
0.00001047
5.9208E-06
1.49E-17
1.59E-17
0.000010161
1.14E-17
7.39E-18
1.13E-17
2.81E-16
0.0091695
0.000075673
6.8465E-06
0.000034687
0.012378
4.70E-18
2.27E-17
0.024578
5.63E-17
2.47E-17
1.33E-17
4.30E-18
0.025182
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
6
2
6
6
2
6
6
1
2
6
1
1
1
2
6
2
6
6
6
6
6
2
2
6
1
6
6
6
6
2
2
6
2
6
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
6
2
6
6
6
6
1
2
2
2
1
6
6
1
6
6
6
6
1
149.78
353.33
289.81
200.15
178.45
229.32
192.4
185.45
286.15
189.63
59.15
195.41
235.65
83.78
403
278.68
258.27
395.45
260.28
321.35
257.85
275.65
243.95
342.2
265.85
242.43
154.25
179.44
136.95
164.25
134.86
220
196.15
183.85
158.45
87.8
134.26
167.62
199.65
185.3
157.46
133.02
147.43
176.8
267.95
161.3
216.58
161.11
68.15
250.33
89.56
172.12
227.95
136.75
207.15
175.45
150.35
155.97
285.39
304.19
5.15E-01
3.36E+02
1.28E+03
4.10E-02
2.79E+00
1.71E+02
1.27E+05
1.03E+01
2.57E+02
2.47E+00
5.64E+03
6.11E+03
2.45E+00
6.87E+04
3.55E+02
4.76E+03
7.68E+00
7.96E+02
5.40E+00
1.49E+00
1.88E-01
2.31E+01
2.98E-01
9.42E+01
5.85E+03
7.84E+00
3.80E-01
2.07E+02
4.47E-01
6.92E+01
6.74E-01
2.93E-04
3.74E-07
2.91E-04
1.24E-06
6.94E-07
2.72E-01
7.45E+01
8.17E-02
1.54E-04
2.35E-03
3.40E-05
1.18E+00
6.97E-01
1.03E+01
9.41E-04
5.18E+05
1.49E+00
1.54E+04
1.12E+03
1.08E+02
1.37E+03
8.45E+00
2.61E-01
5.25E+01
8.84E+02
8.47E-02
9.08E-01
5.86E+00
6.53E+01
Tmax, K
466
761
591.95
606
508.2
545.5
308.3
506
615
540
132.45
405.65
645.6
150.86
824
562.05
689
751
702.3
830
720.15
662
718
773
584.15
670.15
503.8
464
452
425
425.12
680
676
563.1
535.9
419.5
435.5
428.6
575.4
660.5
570.1
554
440
537.2
615.7
585.4
304.21
552
132.92
556.35
227.51
417.15
632.35
460.35
536.4
416.25
503.15
489
705.85
697.55
P at Tmax
5.570E+06
6.569E+06
5.739E+06
4.000E+06
4.709E+06
4.850E+06
6.106E+06
5.020E+06
5.661E+06
4.660E+06
3.793E+06
1.130E+07
4.273E+06
4.896E+06
5.047E+06
4.875E+06
4.728E+06
4.469E+06
4.215E+06
3.357E+06
4.372E+06
3.113E+06
4.074E+06
3.407E+06
1.028E+07
4.520E+06
5.565E+06
6.929E+06
4.361E+06
4.303E+06
3.770E+06
5.202E+06
4.033E+06
4.414E+06
4.190E+06
4.021E+06
4.238E+06
4.100E+06
3.087E+06
2.882E+06
3.973E+06
4.060E+06
4.599E+06
4.410E+06
4.060E+06
3.880E+06
7.384E+06
8.041E+06
3.494E+06
4.544E+06
3.742E+06
7.793E+06
4.529E+06
5.267E+06
5.554E+06
6.759E+06
4.425E+06
4.510E+06
4.522E+06
5.058E+06
2-53
(Continued )
2-54
TABLE 2-8 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa, T in K (Continued )
Cmpd. no.∗
Name
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di-sopropyl amine
Di-sopropyl ether
Di-sopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Formula
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
CAS
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
C1
C2
C3
118.53
102.81
39.0596
85.899
51.087
189.19
85.424
88.184
66.341
67.952
40.608
85.146
93.5742
112.73
126.405
156.23933
68.401
91.91
142.94
18.947
62.711
43.751
86.295
72.227
53.187
77.105
88.31
66.611
92.355
101.6
83.495
65.955
106.38
49.314
136.9
46.705
73.491
84.625
69.132
462.84
41.631
50.868
53.637
62.097
66.592
71.738
77.161
81.184
78.952
78.429
81.045
44.704
82.762
78.335
72.517
63.08
84.39
56.273
66.1795
44.494
−11,957
−8674.6
−3473.98
−4884.4
−5226.4
−14,337
−7944.4
−6624.9
−5198.5
−5187.5
−3179.6
−7843.7
−10,403.8
−9749.6
−14,864.6
−15,212.33492
−7776.9
−10,565
−11,119
−154.47
−6503.5
−5587.7
−7010.3
−7537.6
−6827.5
−8111.1
−8463.4
−5493.1
−6920.4
−6541.6
−6661.4
−6015.6
−13,714
−4949
−6954.3
−5177.4
−4385.9
−5217.4
−3847.7
−18,227
−4668.7
−6036.5
−5251.2
−6174.9
−4999.8
−5302
−5691.1
−6927
−7075.4
−6882.1
−6941.3
−3525.6
−7955.5
−6348.7
−10,415
−4062.3
−5740.6
−7620.6
−9870.41
−5406.7
−13.293
−11.922
−2.48683
−10.883
−4.2278
−24.148
−9.2862
−10.059
−6.8103
−7.0785
−2.8937
−9.2982
−9.79483
−13.245
−13.9067
−18.42393
−6.4637
−9.5957
−17.818
−0.57226
−5.7669
−3.0891
−9.5972
−7.0596
−4.3233
−7.8886
−9.6308
−6.7301
−10.651
−12.247
−9.2386
−6.5509
−11.06
−3.9256
−19.254
−3.5985
−8.1851
−9.871
−7.5868
−73.734
−2.8551
−4.066
−4.5649
−5.715
−6.8387
−7.3324
−8.501
−8.8498
−8.4344
−8.4129
−8.777
−3.4444
−8.8038
−8.5105
−6.755
−6.425
−9.6454
−4.6279
−5.85599
−3.1287
C4
8.70E-18
7.0048E-06
2.86E-17
0.014934
9.76E-18
0.00001074
4.9957E-06
8.2566E-06
0.000006193
6.8165E-06
5.61E-17
5.1788E-06
4.57E-18
7.1266E-06
2.51E-18
8.50E-18
6.38E-18
5.70E-18
0.00001102
0.038899
1.0427E-06
8.2664E-07
6.7794E-06
9.14E-18
2.31E-18
2.7267E-06
4.5833E-06
5.3579E-06
9.1426E-06
0.000012311
6.7652E-06
4.3172E-06
3.26E-18
9.20E-18
0.024508
1.7147E-06
0.000012978
0.00001305
0.000015065
0.092794
0.00063693
1.1326E-06
1.68E-17
1.23E-17
6.6793E-06
6.42E-17
8.0325E-06
0.000005458
4.5035E-06
4.9831E-06
5.5501E-06
5.46E-17
4.2431E-06
6.4311E-06
1.3269E-06
1.51E-16
0.000010073
4.3819E-07
1.47E-18
2.89E-18
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
6
2
6
1
6
2
2
2
2
2
6
2
6
2
6
6
6
6
2
1
2
2
2
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
6
6
2
6
2
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
6
2
2
6
6
307.93
177.14
245.25
182.48
279.69
296.6
242
169.67
179.28
138.13
145.59
189.64
285
243.51
304.55
280.05
206.89
247.56
229.15
18.73
210.15
282.85
220.6
175.3
248.39
256.15
326.14
176.19
237.49
178.01
192.5
172.71
301.15
223.35
156.85
169.2
154.56
179.6
136.95
176.85
187.65
204.81
159.95
226.1
240.91
180.96
145.19
239.66
223.16
184.99
188.44
131.65
212.72
160
274.18
122.93
174.88
291.67
413.79
284.95
3.45E+01
4.71E-04
7.44E+04
1.80E+02
5.36E+03
7.65E+01
6.80E+00
1.04E-01
9.07E+00
1.28E-02
7.80E+01
8.24E-03
5.51E+00
1.39E+00
1.45E-01
1.50E-01
2.59E-02
2.59E-02
1.60E-01
1.72E+04
2.64E+00
7.53E+02
2.13E+01
7.14E-04
6.41E+00
6.49E+00
1.23E+03
2.21E+00
2.37E+02
5.93E+00
1.72E+00
8.25E-02
1.02E-01
3.74E+02
3.95E-01
9.93E-02
6.45E+01
1.17E+02
5.43E+01
4.47E-03
6.86E+00
8.21E-01
9.45E-02
4.50E+01
6.12E+03
7.56E+01
1.52E-02
6.06E+01
6.41E+00
8.04E-02
2.07E-01
3.05E+00
1.95E-01
1.26E-02
3.72E-02
4.15E-01
7.86E+00
5.02E+01
1.15E+03
2.53E+03
Tmax, K
704.65
631
400.15
459.93
553.8
650.1
653
560.4
511.7
507
398
664
674
617.7
722.1
688
616.6
696
619.85
38.35
628
650.15
611
584.1
683.95
705
684.75
523
561.6
510
560
572
736.6
496.6
466.7
557.15
386.44
445
351.26
523.1
500.05
576
507.8
543
473.2
437.2
500
591.15
606.15
596.15
615
400.1
649.6
537.3
766
402
503.04
729
777.4
587
P at Tmax
5.151E+06
3.226E+06
5.924E+06
4.991E+06
4.093E+06
4.265E+06
3.989E+06
4.392E+06
4.513E+06
4.799E+06
5.494E+06
3.970E+06
2.600E+06
2.091E+06
2.280E+06
2.308E+06
2.223E+06
2.130E+06
2.363E+06
1.663E+06
6.034E+06
5.375E+06
7.170E+06
2.459E+06
4.070E+06
4.074E+06
4.070E+06
5.106E+06
5.318E+06
6.093E+06
4.239E+06
4.232E+06
4.260E+06
3.674E+06
3.641E+06
3.961E+06
4.507E+06
4.372E+06
5.761E+06
3.199E+06
2.869E+06
3.017E+06
3.773E+06
3.447E+06
4.870E+06
5.258E+06
3.130E+06
2.939E+06
2.939E+06
2.938E+06
5.363E+06
5.274E+06
4.365E+06
2.882E+06
2.779E+06
3.561E+06
5.533E+06
5.648E+06
2.759E+06
5.158E+06
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
59.969
54
137.47
203.66
51.857
73.304
66.824
81.56
89.063
52.923
90.464
57.661
80.208
88.671
53.963
73.51
84.09
66.51
91.944
73.833
122.364
77.523
57.723
57.459
65.551
105.64
86.898
61.6271
42.393
51.915
38.593
41.2744
49.3632
100.3
43.8066
74.738
11.533
156.95
55.3058
87.829
112.372
147.41
153.088
78.463
75.494
65.922
79.858
59.083
156.06
58.7734
104.65
98.3767
135.42149
122.695
107.44
73.155
51.9766
47.091
68.467
133.2
123.71
76.858
12.69
−8585.5
−6018.5
−11,976
−19,441
−2598.7
−7122.3
−6227.6
−5596.9
−7733.7
−7531.7
−10,243
−6346.5
−7203.2
−7012.7
−2443
−7572.7
−10,411
−6019.2
−5293.4
−5817
−13,308.8
−7978.8
−5236.9
−6356.8
−5027.4
−8007
−6646.4
−6095.88
−1103.3
−5439
−3123.34
−2676.65
−3847.87
−10,763
−5131.03
−5417
−8.99
−15,557
−6694.68
−6996.4
−12,660.1
−13,466
−12,618.7
−8077.2
−7896.5
−6189
−8501.8
−6031.8
−15,015
−6529.3
−6995.5
−11,394
−12,288.40621
−10,870
−8528.6
−7242.9
−5104.66
−5104
−7390.5
−7492.9
−7639
−7245.2
−94.896
−5.1538
−4.4981
−16.698
−25.525
−5.1283
−7.1424
−6.41
−9.0779
−9.917
−4.2347
−9.2836
−5.032
−8.6023
−10.045
−5.5643
−7.1435
−8.1976
−6.3332
−11.682
−7.809
−13.5709
−7.7757
−5.2136
−4.9545
−6.6853
−12.477
−9.5758
−5.69714
−4.1203
−4.2896
−2.53014
−3.03914
−4.09834
−10.946
−3.18777
−8.0636
0.6724
−18.966
−4.64122
−9.8802
−12.147
−17.353
−18.7479
−7.9062
−7.5047
−6.3629
−8.1043
−5.3072
−18.941
−5.17151
−12.702
−10.2239
−15.73191
−14.192
−12.679
−7.2569
−4.34844
−3.6371
−6.5456
−18.405
−16.451
−8.22
1.1125
2.00E-18
9.97E-18
8.0906E-06
8.8382E-06
0.000014913
2.8853E-06
1.79E-17
0.000008792
0.000005986
1.1835E-06
5.26E-18
8.25E-18
4.5901E-06
7.4578E-06
0.000019079
1.21E-17
1.65E-18
1.04E-17
0.014902
0.00000632
6.42E-18
1.01E-17
2.30E-17
5.20E-18
6.3208E-06
0.000009
5.96E-17
1.06E-17
0.000057815
8.75E-18
5.30E-17
2.45E-16
4.64E-17
3.8503E-06
2.37819E-06
0.00000747
0.2743
6.4559E-06
5.28E-18
7.2099E-06
4.39E-18
1.13E-17
7.45073E-06
8.05E-18
8.91E-18
2.01E-17
8.15E-18
1.44E-17
6.8172E-06
6.95E-18
0.000012381
3.29E-18
1.27E-17
0.000003871
8.4606E-06
1.27E-17
1.17E-17
0.00051621
7.76E-18
0.022062
0.016495
0.0061557
0.00032915
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
6
6
2
2
2
6
6
6
1
2
6
6
6
6
2
2
6
6
2
6
6
6
6
2
2
2
1
2
6
2
6
6
2
6
6
6
6
6
2
6
2
6
6
2
2
6
6
1
6
1
1
1
2
300.03
210.15
263.57
309.58
90.35
159.05
189.6
192.15
178.2
238.45
258.15
175.15
161.84
134.71
104
284.29
260.15
195.2
160.65
193.55
155.15
180
140
204.15
125.26
199.25
145.65
167.55
53.48
230.94
129.95
131.35
155.15
275.6
281.45
187.55
1.76
295.13
229.8
182.57
265.83
239.15
220
234.15
238.15
154.12
229.92
192.22
291.31
214.93
177.83
269.25
228.55
223
217.35
217.5
133.39
170.05
192.62
141.25
183.65
274.69
13.95
7.09E+00
3.69E+00
6.15E-01
9.26E-03
1.13E+00
4.96E-04
1.43E+00
1.52E+02
3.91E-03
1.69E-01
4.63E-01
1.04E-02
3.57E-04
3.71E-06
1.26E+02
6.78E+02
2.19E-01
9.71E+00
7.79E+00
1.81E+01
1.44E-14
7.60E-04
4.31E-03
9.70E-01
1.14E-03
7.80E-01
1.61E-03
1.96E-02
2.53E+02
1.51E+02
9.43E+00
4.34E+02
4.89E+01
1.04E+00
2.41E+03
5.00E+01
1.46E+03
4.65E-02
2.56E+00
1.83E-01
4.66E-02
1.95E-02
6.55E-03
2.30E+00
3.54E+00
1.86E-03
3.05E-01
8.15E-01
9.23E-02
1.86E+00
9.02E-01
3.17E-01
2.25E-02
7.46E-02
1.45E+00
2.22E+00
5.16E-04
2.20E-01
1.31E-02
3.92E-04
5.40E-01
4.08E+02
7.21E+03
766.8
550
658
768
305.32
514
523.3
456.15
617.15
698
655
571
609.15
569.5
282.34
593
720
537
469.15
508.4
674.6
583
489
567
499.15
546
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
420
771
588
490.15
5.2
736
620
540.2
677.3
632.3
608.3
606.6
611.4
537.4
645
547
723
594
507.6
660.2
611.3
585.3
587.61
582.82
504
544
623
516.2
549
653.15
33.19
3.097E+06
3.111E+06
1.822E+06
1.175E+06
4.852E+06
6.109E+06
3.850E+06
5.594E+06
3.590E+06
3.203E+06
3.403E+06
2.935E+06
3.041E+06
3.412E+06
5.032E+06
6.290E+06
8.257E+06
6.850E+06
7.255E+06
4.708E+06
2.780E+06
2.460E+06
3.414E+06
3.293E+06
5.492E+06
3.336E+06
3.372E+06
3.321E+06
5.167E+06
4.544E+06
4.980E+06
5.875E+06
6.590E+06
7.751E+06
5.810E+06
5.550E+06
2.284E+05
1.344E+06
3.160E+06
2.719E+06
3.042E+06
3.013E+06
3.000E+06
2.919E+06
2.946E+06
2.921E+06
2.772E+06
3.209E+06
1.411E+06
3.460E+06
3.045E+06
3.309E+06
3.446E+06
3.323E+06
3.286E+06
3.322E+06
3.210E+06
3.540E+06
3.079E+06
3.635E+06
3.530E+06
1.473E+07
1.315E+06
2-55
(Continued )
2-56
TABLE 2-8 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa, T in K (Continued )
Cmpd. no.∗
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
Name
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
Formula
BrH
ClH
CHN
FH
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
CAS
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
C1
29.315
104.27
36.75
59.544
85.584
110.38
136.66
119.172
109.53
39.205
82.718
79.128
61.267
50.242
107.69
75.206
84.828
66.575
71.308
85.383
117.074
93.131
83.927
95.453
60.164
96.344
69.459
71.87
95.984
92.684
134.63
125.1
54.179
55.368
52.732
52.601
79.788
78.586
72.698
79.07
77.184
57.984
80.503
57.612
53.867
45.242
52.82
54.15
107.36
105.7
53.579
61.907
108.43
172.27
78.01
70.717
67.942
83.711
37.205
C2
−2424.5
−3731.2
−3927.1
−4143.8
−3839.9
−10,540
−7201.5
−15,688.8
−10,410
−1324.4
−6904.5
−9523.9
−5618.6
−3811.9
−7027.2
−5082.8
−9334.7
−5213.4
−4976
−9575.4
−10,743.2
−5525.4
−5640.5
−5448.8
−5621.7
−7856.3
−5250
−6885.7
−5401.7
−7080.8
−10,682
−10,288
−7477.2
−5149.8
−5286.9
−5120.3
−5420
−5176.3
−6143.6
−6114.1
−5606.1
−5339.6
−7421.8
−5197.9
−4701
−5324.4
−5437.7
−4337.7
−8085.3
−12,458
−5041.2
−6188.9
−5039.9
−11,589
−4634.1
−6439.7
−5419.1
−6786.9
−2590.3
C3
−1.1354
−15.047
−2.1245
−6.1764
−11.199
−12.262
−18.934
−12.6757
−12.289
−3.4366
−8.8622
−7.7355
−5.6473
−4.2526
−13.916
−8.0919
−8.7063
−6.7693
−7.7169
−8.6164
−13.1654
−11.852
−9.6453
−12.384
−5.53
−11.058
−7.1125
−7.0944
−11.829
−10.695
−16.511
−15.157
−4.22
−5.0136
−4.4509
−4.4554
−9.0702
−8.7501
−7.5779
−8.631
−8.392
−5.2362
−8.379
−5.1269
−4.7052
−3.2551
−4.442
−4.8127
−12.72
−11.234
−4.6404
−5.706
−15.012
−22.113
−8.9575
−6.9845
−6.8067
−9.2526
−2.5993
C4
2.38E-18
0.03134
3.89E-17
0.000014161
0.018848
1.43E-17
0.022255
1.55E-18
0.000003199
0.000031019
7.4664E-06
3.16E-18
2.11E-17
6.53E-17
0.015185
0.000008113
6.17E-18
4.8106E-06
8.7271E-06
5.61E-18
1.17E-17
0.014205
0.000011121
0.015643
1.86E-17
0.000007308
7.93E-17
1.49E-17
0.000018092
8.1366E-06
8.4427E-06
0.000010918
3.52E-18
0.000003222
1.09E-17
1.33E-17
0.000011489
9.1727E-06
5.6476E-06
6.5333E-06
7.8468E-06
2.08E-17
1.81E-17
2.17E-17
2.88E-17
3.04E-18
9.51E-18
4.50E-17
8.3307E-06
4.46E-18
1.94E-17
1.18E-17
0.022725
0.000013703
0.000013413
2.01E-17
4.78E-17
6.6666E-06
6.0508E-06
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
6
1
6
2
1
6
1
6
2
2
2
6
6
6
1
2
6
2
2
6
6
1
2
1
6
2
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
2
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
6
6
6
1
2
2
6
6
2
2
185.15
158.97
259.83
189.79
187.68
227.15
177.95
409.15
288.15
90.69
175.47
301.15
175.15
170.45
196.32
179.69
260.75
159.53
113.25
193
155.95
135.58
139.39
160.15
157.48
175.3
183.45
187.35
139.05
146.58
299.15
280.15
269.15
130.73
146.62
168.54
182.55
160
186.48
167.23
174.15
188
189.15
256.15
127.93
180.15
171.64
150.18
224.95
240
119.55
176
113.54
298.97
132.81
185.65
133.97
160.17
116.34
2.95E+04
1.35E+04
1.87E+04
3.37E+02
2.29E+04
7.82E-02
7.73E+00
9.97E+01
5.86E+01
1.17E+04
1.11E-01
2.86E+01
1.02E+00
4.15E+02
4.07E+00
1.77E+02
1.81E+00
7.28E-01
1.21E-04
6.94E-05
1.14E-08
2.05E-02
1.94E-02
2.92E+00
2.99E-02
4.61E-03
4.36E+01
1.34E-01
4.12E-01
1.52E-04
2.57E+02
4.56E+01
1.62E+01
2.25E-04
3.98E-03
5.37E-01
2.58E+01
7.85E+00
1.39E+00
2.25E-01
6.88E+00
8.70E+00
6.99E-02
7.28E+03
3.32E-03
2.95E-01
1.80E-01
3.15E+00
1.91E+01
4.19E-04
2.07E-05
6.33E-02
1.21E-02
5.88E+03
6.45E-01
6.34E-01
2.90E-03
4.26E-03
1.43E+01
Tmax, K
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605
471.85
834
662
190.56
512.5
718
506.55
402.4
536
430.05
693
490
460.4
643
577.2
465
470
492
512.74
593
463.2
554.5
442
572.1
686
614
617
532.7
542
526
483
437.8
535.5
533
487.2
497
574.6
488
464.48
553.4
553.1
469.95
566
694
497.7
546.49
407.8
506.2
417.9
530.6
476.25
565
352.5
P at Tmax
8.463E+06
8.356E+06
5.353E+06
6.487E+06
8.999E+06
3.683E+06
4.540E+06
6.097E+06
4.812E+06
4.590E+06
8.145E+06
4.997E+06
4.695E+06
5.619E+06
4.277E+06
7.414E+06
3.589E+06
3.831E+06
3.366E+06
3.886E+06
3.933E+06
3.465E+06
3.394E+06
4.469E+06
3.377E+06
3.464E+06
4.199E+06
3.480E+06
4.170E+06
3.486E+06
3.994E+06
3.807E+06
3.767E+06
3.759E+06
4.130E+06
4.129E+06
3.964E+06
4.433E+06
4.120E+06
4.261E+06
5.983E+06
3.416E+06
3.272E+06
5.480E+06
3.764E+06
3.792E+06
4.022E+06
7.231E+06
3.674E+06
2.545E+06
3.044E+06
3.041E+06
3.630E+06
3.957E+06
4.004E+06
4.028E+06
3.802E+06
3.972E+06
4.702E+06
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2 O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
56.485
57.1299
51.085
62.964
29.755
75.632
58.282
68.149
57.278
96.512
72.974
182.54
80.3832
109.35
123.374
162.854
213.069
63.313
106.2
114.77
157.68
74.0298
96.084
116.477
144.11083
185.828
63.775
72.382
74.936
78.368
64.612
107.476
51.245
40.067
135.57
28.3041
78.741
93.2079
114.74801
116.828
84.635
44.286
46.994
58.985
67.309
82.805
137.29
72.958
95.444
86.779
126.5
57.069
59.078
84.66416
110.717
64.268
50.8769
54.552
59.9958
115.16
58.398
91.379
43.905
−6954.2
−5200.7
−4271
−8137.5
−271.06
−7202.3
−1084.1
−2257.9
−6089
−4045
−2650
−17,897
−9096.15
−9030.4
−14,215.3
−15,204.55331
−16,246
−7040.4
−10,982
−9430.8
−16,093
−8302.12
−7900.2
−13,300.4
−13,667.15667
−14,520.2
−7711.3
−8054.8
−7155.9
−8855.4
−6802.5
−12,833.4
−1200.2
−2204.8
−13,478
−4657.56
−5420.3
−10,470.5
−10,643.3
−10,453
−7078.4
−5415.1
−4289.5
−6193.1
−6880.8
−5683.8
−7447.1
−10,943
−10,113
−8101.8
−12,551
−3682.7
−3492.6
−8307.24422
−9040
−7298.9
−4931
−7149.4
−6006.16
−8433.9
−5312.7
−8276.8
−3097.8
−4.7889
−5.13976
−4.307
−5.6317
−2.6081
−7.6464
−8.3144
−8.9118
−4.9821
−12.277
−8.261
−22.498
−8.03581
−12.882
−13.5607
−19.42436
−27.6195
−5.8055
−11.696
−13.631
−18.954
−7.19776
−11.003
−12.6746
−16.82611
−23.6236
−5.7359
−7.0002
−7.5843
−7.8202
−6.0261
−11.3837
−6.4361
−2.9351
−16.022
−0.732149
−8.8253
−9.61345
−12.85754
−13.1768
−9.3
−3.0913
−3.7345
−5.2746
−6.4449
−9.4301
−19.01
−6.7902
−10.09
−9.5303
−15.002
−5.5662
−6.0669
−8.57673
−12.676
−5.9109
−4.16673
−4.2769
−5.46004
−13.934
−5.2876
−10.176
−3.4425
2.78E-18
1.65E-17
3.05E-17
2.27E-18
0.000527
1.83E-17
0.044127
0.023233
1.22E-17
0.00002886
9.70E-15
7.4008E-06
4.71E-18
7.8544E-06
3.17E-18
1.07E-17
1.31827E-05
7.58E-18
8.90E-18
8.1918E-06
5.9272E-06
5.31E-18
7.1802E-06
3.98E-18
9.37E-18
1.08854E-05
3.09E-18
5.83E-18
1.71E-17
5.66E-18
1.10E-17
1.34E-18
0.028405
7.75E-16
5.6136E-06
–8.31E-18
9.6171E-06
5.62E-18
1.25E-17
1.07E-17
6.2702E-06
1.86E-18
2.54E-17
7.40E-18
1.01E-17
0.000010767
0.021415
1.09E-18
6.76E-18
6.1367E-06
7.7521E-06
6.5133E-06
0.000010919
7.51E-18
0.000005538
4.85E-18
1.67E-17
1.18E-18
1.70E-17
0.000010346
1.9913E-06
0.000005624
1.00E-16
6
6
6
6
2
6
1
1
6
2
6
2
6
2
6
6
2
6
6
2
2
6
2
6
6
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
6
2
6
2
6
6
6
2
6
6
6
6
2
1
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
2
6
6
6
6
2
2
2
6
249.95
164.55
151.15
353.43
24.56
183.63
63.15
66.46
244.6
182.3
109.5
305.04
267.3
219.66
285.55
268.15
238.15
191.91
253.05
223.15
301.31
251.65
216.38
289.65
257.65
241.55
252.85
255.55
171.45
223.95
193.55
462.65
54.36
80.15
283.07
191.59
143.42
239.15
195.56
200
196.29
234.18
108.02
160.75
197.45
167.45
163.83
372.38
314.06
243.15
404.15
136.87
85.47
146.95
185.26
199
165
252.45
180.37
178.15
188.36
173.55
87.89
9.23E+00
4.94E-01
3.37E+00
9.91E+02
4.38E+04
3.18E-02
1.25E+04
1.86E-01
1.47E+02
8.69E+04
2.20E+04
1.59E-02
4.25E+00
4.31E-01
4.58E-02
8.58E-02
3.85E-03
2.04E-02
1.47E-01
4.50E-01
3.39E-02
3.49E+00
2.11E+00
2.76E-01
9.60E-02
3.79E-02
4.68E+00
7.84E+00
2.98E-03
3.05E-02
1.04E-01
1.97E+04
1.48E+02
7.35E-01
1.29E-01
1.16E+00
6.86E-02
3.97E-02
5.47E-04
5.24E-03
7.52E-01
7.34E+01
3.71E-05
1.77E-03
2.01E-01
2.40E+00
2.05E-01
2.93E+01
1.88E+02
4.33E+00
7.90E+02
1.82E+01
1.68E-04
4.27E-07
1.69E-02
2.48E-02
7.54E-01
1.31E+01
1.89E-01
1.71E-02
1.30E+01
1.81E-04
1.17E-03
654
497.1
437
748.4
44.4
593
126.2
234
588.15
309.57
180.15
758
658.5
594.6
710.7
670.9
649.5
593.1
681
598.05
747
638.9
568.7
694.26
652.3
629.8
632.7
627.7
566.9
667.3
574
828
154.58
261
708
566.1
469.7
639.16
588.1
561
561.08
560.95
464.8
584.3
598
481.2
519
869
694.25
653
791
394
369.83
536.8
508.3
636
503.6
600.81
561.3
549.73
496.95
638.35
364.85
3.341E+06
3.286E+06
4.583E+06
4.069E+06
2.665E+06
5.159E+06
3.391E+06
4.500E+06
6.309E+06
7.278E+06
6.516E+06
1.208E+06
2.680E+06
2.305E+06
2.513E+06
2.528E+06
2.540E+06
2.427E+06
2.330E+06
2.619E+06
1.255E+06
2.960E+06
2.467E+06
2.779E+06
2.781E+06
2.749E+06
2.647E+06
2.705E+06
2.663E+06
2.523E+06
2.880E+06
8.203E+06
5.021E+06
5.566E+06
1.474E+06
3.845E+06
3.364E+06
3.630E+06
3.897E+06
3.699E+06
3.706E+06
3.699E+06
3.562E+06
3.537E+06
3.473E+06
4.170E+06
4.020E+06
2.902E+06
6.058E+06
4.063E+06
4.734E+06
5.218E+06
4.213E+06
5.169E+06
4.771E+06
3.130E+06
5.040E+06
4.608E+06
4.260E+06
3.366E+06
4.738E+06
3.202E+06
4.599E+06
2-57
(Continued )
2-58
TABLE 2-8 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa, T in K (Continued )
Cmpd. no.∗
Name
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Formula
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O 2S
F6S
O 3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
CAS
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
C1
C2
104.08
60.43
62.165
212.8
48.651
272.85
105.93
165.977
47.365
29.16
180.99
124.004
110.52
140.47
54.898
137.23
75.881
57.963
93.193
76.945
54.153
137.45
56.55
134.68
78.341
85.301
84.912
83.105
506.33
302
131
182.57122
57.406
55.682
91.432
54.571
73.649
85.099
90.405
88.72
−7535.9
−5276.9
−5624
−15,420
−7289.5
−9548.9
−8685.9
−19,914.4
−4084.5
−2383.6
−12,060
−17,894.4
−14,045
−13,231
−5305.4
−10,620
−6910.6
−5901.5
−7001.5
−6729.8
−6041.8
−12,549
−5681.9
−6055.8
−8019.8
−8215.9
−6722.2
−6903.7
−37,483
−24,324
−11,143
−17,112.47062
−5702.8
−4439.3
−5141.7
−5561.5
−7258.2
−7615.9
−7955.2
−7741.2
C3
−12.348
−5.6572
−5.8595
−28.109
−3.4453
−40.089
−12.42
−18.9344
−3.6469
−1.1342
−22.839
−13.156
−11.861
−16.859
−4.7627
−17.908
−7.9499
−5.2048
−10.738
−8.179
−4.5383
−16.543
−4.9815
−19.415
−8.1458
−9.2166
−9.5157
−9.1858
−69.22
−40.13
−15.855
−22.1251
−5.0307
−5.0136
−10.981
−4.712
−7.3037
−9.3072
−10.086
−9.8693
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
0.000009602
2.60E-17
2.06E-17
0.000021564
1.01E-18
6.37E-15
7.5583E-06
1.91E-18
1.80E-17
2
6
6
2
6
6
2
6
6
7.24E-17
1.18E-18
2.21E-18
6.5877E-06
1.43E-17
0.014506
4.4315E-06
9.13E-18
8.2308E-06
5.3017E-06
4.98E-18
7.1275E-06
1.24E-17
0.028619
3.8971E-06
4.7979E-06
7.2244E-06
6.4703E-06
0.000027381
0.000017403
8.1871E-06
1.13E-17
1.10E-17
1.97E-17
0.000014318
1.07E-17
4.1653E-06
5.5643E-06
5.9594E-06
0.000006077
6
6
6
2
6
1
2
6
2
2
6
2
6
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
2
6
2
2
2
2
180.25
142.61
159.95
213.15
388.85
186.35
242.54
460.85
197.67
223.15
289.95
700.15
329.35
279.01
164.65
237.38
176.99
373.96
234.94
178.18
236.5
267.76
158.45
156.08
247.79
229.33
165.78
172.22
398.4
354
247.57
288.45
180.35
173.15
119.36
178.35
273.16
225.3
247.98
286.41
2.11E-01
9.73E-03
6.51E-02
9.29E-05
1.17E+04
2.21E+05
1.06E+01
7.78E+02
1.67E+03
2.30E+05
2.09E+04
2.42E+05
4.14E-01
2.53E-01
1.96E-01
1.33E-01
1.54E-02
8.69E+04
1.86E+02
4.75E-02
4.47E+01
2.51E-01
1.06E-02
9.92E+00
3.71E+00
6.93E-01
1.71E-02
1.68E-02
8.50E+00
9.36E-01
4.08E-01
1.25E-01
7.06E-01
6.69E+01
1.92E-02
3.54E-01
6.11E+02
3.18E+00
2.18E+01
5.76E+02
C4
Tmax, K
538
517
536.6
626
683
259
636
838
430.75
318.69
490.85
883.6
857
693
540.15
720
631.95
568
579.35
591.75
602
675
535.15
433.25
664.5
649.1
543.8
573.5
846
828
639
703.9
519.13
454
432
543.15
647.1
617
630.3
616.2
P at Tmax
4.031E+06
4.752E+06
4.627E+06
6.041E+06
5.925E+06
3.748E+06
3.823E+06
5.001E+06
7.860E+06
3.771E+06
8.192E+06
3.487E+06
2.974E+06
1.569E+06
5.203E+06
3.624E+06
5.117E+06
2.871E+06
5.702E+06
4.080E+06
4.447E+06
1.679E+06
3.037E+06
4.102E+06
3.447E+06
3.211E+06
2.550E+06
2.812E+06
3.410E+06
3.019E+06
1.949E+06
2.119E+06
3.930E+06
4.887E+06
5.749E+06
3.058E+06
2.193E+07
3.528E+06
3.741E+06
3.501E+06
Vapor pressure Ps is calculated by Ps = exp(C1 + C2/T + C3 ln(T) + C4T C5) where Ps is in Pa and T is in K.
∗All substances and their numbers are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016
AIChE, and reproduced with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as “R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts,
N. F. Giles, DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York, NY (2016)”.
VAPOR PRESSURES
TABLE 2-9
2-59
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm*
Compound
Pressure, mmHg
1
Name
Aluminum
borohydride
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
oxide
Ammonia
heavy
Ammonium bromide
carbamate
chloride
cyanide
hydrogen sulfide
iodide
Antimony
tribromide
trichloride
pentachloride
triiodide
trioxide
Argon
Arsenic
Arsenic tribromide
trichloride
trifluoride
pentafluoride
trioxide
Arsine
Barium
Beryllium borohydride
bromide
chloride
iodide
Bismuth
tribromide
trichloride
Diborane hydrobromide
Borine carbonyl
triamine
Boron hydrides
dihydrodecaborane
dihydrodiborane
dihydropentaborane
tetrahydropentaborane
tetrahydrotetraborane
Boron tribromide
trichloride
trifluoride
Bromine
pentafluoride
Cadmium
chloride
fluoride
iodide
oxide
Calcium
Carbon (graphite)
dioxide
disulfide
monoxide
oxyselenide
oxysulfide
selenosulfide
subsulfide
tetrabromide
tetrachloride
tetrafluoride
Cesium
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
5
10
20
Formula
Al
Al(BH4)3
AlBr3
Al2Cl6
AlF3
AlI3
Al2O3
NH3
ND3
NH4Br
N2H6CO2
NH4Cl
NH4CN
NH4HS
NH4I
Sb
SbBr3
SbCl3
SbCl5
SbI3
Sb4O6
A
As
AsBr3
AsCl3
AsF3
AsF5
As2O3
AsH3
Ba
Be(BH4)2
BeBr2
BeCl2
BeI2
Bi
BiBr3
BiCl3
B2H5Br
BH3CO
B3N3H6
B10H14
B2H6
B5H9
B5H11
B4H10
BBr3
BCl3
BF3
Br2
BrF5
Cd
CdCl2
CdF2
CdI2
CdO
Ca
C
CO2
CS2
CO
COSe
COS
CSeS
C3S2
CBr4
CCl4
CF4
Cs
CsBr
CsCl
CsF
CsI
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
1749
−3.9
176.1
152.0
1422
294.5
2665
−68.4
−67.4
320.0
26.7
271.5
−0.5
0.0
331.8
1223
203.5
143.3
114.1
303.5
957
−200.5
518
145.2
70.9
13.2
−84.3
332.5
−98.0
1301
58.6
405
411
411
1271
360
343
−29.0
−95.3
+4.0
1844
+11.2
199.8
161.8
1457
322.0
2766
−57.0
−57.0
345.3
37.2
293.2
+9.6
+10.5
355.8
1288
225.7
165.9
1947
28.1
227.0
171.6
1496
354.0
2874
−45.4
−45.4
370.8
48.0
316.5
20.5
21.8
381.0
1364
250.2
192.2
2056
45.9
256.3
180.2
1537
385.5
2977
−33.6
−33.4
396.0
58.3
337.8
31.7
33.3
404.9
1440
275.0
219.0
660
−64.
97.
192.4
1040
333.8
1085
−195.6
548
167.7
89.2
26.7
−75.5
370.0
−87.2
1403
69.0
427
435
435
1319
392
372
−15.4
−85.5
18.5
368.5
1242
−190.6
579
193.6
109.7
41.4
−64.0
412.2
−75.2
1518
79.7
451
461
461
1370
425
405
0.0
−74.8
34.3
401.0
1425
−185.6
610
220.0
130.4
56.3
−52.8
457.2
−62.1
1638
90.0
474
487
487
1420
461
441
+16.3
−64.0
50.6
142.3
−120.9
+9.6
20.1
−28.1
33.5
−32.4
−123.0
+9.3
−4.5
611
797
1486
640
1341
1207
4373
−100.2
−5.1
−205.7
−61.7
−85.9
28.3
109.9
119.7
23.0
−150.7
509
1072
1069
1025
1055
163.8
−111.2
24.6
34.8
−14.0
50.3
−18.9
−115.9
24.3
+9.9
658
847
1561
688
1409
1288
4516
−93.0
+10.4
−201.3
−49.8
−75.0
45.7
130.8
139.7
38.3
−143.6
561
1140
1139
1092
1124
−99.6
40.8
51.2
+0.8
70.0
−3.6
−108.3
41.0
25.7
711
908
1651
742
1484
1388
4660
−85.7
28.0
−196.3
−35.6
−62.7
65.2
−86.5
58.1
67.0
16.1
91.7
+12.7
−100.7
58.2
40.4
765
967
1751
796
1559
1487
4827
−78.2
46.5
−191.3
−21.9
−49.9
85.6
163.5
57.8
−135.5
624
1221
1217
1170
1200
189.5
76.7
−127.7
690
1300
1300
1251
1280
Temperature, °C
1284
81.3
100.0
1238
178.0
2148
−109.1
1421
−52.2
103.8
116.4
1298
207.7
2306
−97.5
1487
−42.9
118.0
123.8
1324
225.8
2385
−91.9
1555
−32.5
134.0
131.8
1350
244.2
2465
−85.8
1635
−20.9
150.6
139.9
1378
265.0
2549
−79.2
198.3
−26.1
160.4
−50.6
−51.1
210.9
886
93.9
49.2
22.7
163.6
574
−218.2
372
41.8
−11.4
234.5
−10.4
193.8
−35.7
−36.0
247.0
984
126.0
71.4
48.6
203.8
626
−213.9
416
70.6
+11.7
252.0
−2.9
209.8
−28.6
−28.7
263.5
1033
142.7
85.2
61.8
223.5
666
−210.9
437
85.2
+23.5
270.6
+5.3
226.1
−20.9
−20.8
282.8
1084
158.3
100.6
75.8
244.8
729
−207.9
459
101.3
36.0
−117.9
212.5
−142.6
−108.0
242.6
−130.8
984
19.8
325
328
322
1099
261
242
−75.3
−127.3
−45.0
−103.1
259.7
−124.7
1049
28.1
342
346
341
1136
282
264
−66.3
−121.1
−35.3
−98.0
279.2
−117.7
1120
36.8
361
365
361
1177
305
287
−56.4
−114.1
−25.0
290.0
14.0
245.0
−12.6
−12.3
302.8
1141
177.4
117.8
91.0
267.8
812
−204.9
483
118.7
50.0
−2.5
−92.4
299.2
−110.2
1195
46.2
379
384
382
1217
327
311
−45.4
−106.6
−13.2
1684
−13.4
161.7
145.4
1398
277.8
2599
−74.3
−74.0
303.8
19.6
256.2
−7.4
−7.0
316.0
1176
188.1
128.3
101.0
282.5
873
−202.9
498
130.0
58.7
+4.2
−88.5
310.3
−104.8
1240
51.7
390
395
394
1240
340
324
−38.2
−101.9
−5.8
3586
−134.3
−73.8
−222.0
−117.1
−132.4
−47.3
14.0
80.8
−149.5
−40.4
−29.9
−73.1
−20.4
−75.2
−145.4
−32.8
−51.0
455
618
1231
481
1100
926
3828
−124.4
−54.3
−217.2
−102.3
−119.8
−26.5
41.2
90.2
−144.3
−30.7
−19.9
−64.3
−10.1
−66.9
−141.3
−25.0
−41.9
484
656
1286
512
1149
983
3946
−119.5
−44.7
−215.0
−95.0
−113.3
−16.0
54.9
100.0
−138.5
−20.0
−9.2
−54.8
+1.5
−57.9
−136.4
−16.8
−32.0
516
695
1344
546
1200
1046
4069
−114.4
−34.3
−212.8
−86.3
−106.0
−4.4
69.3
−50.0
−184.6
279
748
744
712
738
−30.0
−174.1
341
838
837
798
828
−19.6
−169.3
375
887
884
844
873
−8.2
−164.3
409
938
934
893
923
117.4
−131.6
−8.0
+2.7
−44.3
14.0
−47.8
−131.0
−8.0
−21.0
553
736
1400
584
1257
1111
4196
−108.6
−22.5
−210.0
−76.4
−98.3
+8.6
85.6
96.3
+4.3
−158.8
449
993
989
947
976
127.8
−127.2
−0.4
10.2
−37.4
22.1
−41.2
−127.6
−0.6
−14.0
578
762
1436
608
1295
1152
4273
−104.8
−15.3
−208.1
−70.2
−93.0
17.0
96.0
106.3
12.3
−155.4
474
1026
1023
980
1009
+1.0
289
291
283
1021
−93.3
−139.2
−63.0
60.0
−159.7
−50.2
−90.9
−41.4
−91.5
−154.6
−48.7
−69.3
394
1112
416
1000
∗Compiled from the extended tables published by D. R. Stull in Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 517 (1947).
2050
−77.7
−74.0
520
36
630.5
96.6
73.4
2.8
167
656
−189.2
814
−18
−5.9
−79.8
312.8
−116.3
850
123
490
405
488
271
218
230
−104.2
−137.0
−58.2
99.6
−169
−47.0
−119.9
−45
−107
−126.8
−7.3
−61.4
320.9
568
520
385
851
−57.5
−110.8
−205.0
−138.8
−75.2
+0.4
90.1
−22.6
−183.7
28.5
636
646
683
621
(Continued )
2-60
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Compound
Pressure, mmHg
1
Name
Chlorine
fluoride
trifluoride
monoxide
dioxide
heptoxide
Chlorosulfonic acid
Chromium
carbonyl
oxychloride
Cobalt chloride
nitrosyl tricarbonyl
Columbium fluoride
Copper
Cuprous bromide
chloride
iodide
Cyanogen
bromide
chloride
fluoride
Deuterium cyanide
Fluorine
oxide
Germanium bromide
chloride
hydride
Trichlorogermane
Tetramethylgermane
Digermane
Trigermane
Gold
Helium
para-Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
chloride
cyanide
fluoride
iodide
oxide (water)
sulfide
disulfide
selenide
telluride
Iodine
heptafluoride
Iron
pentacarbonyl
Ferric chloride
Ferrous chloride
Krypton
Lead
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
oxide
sulfide
Lithium
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
Magnesium
chloride
Manganese
chloride
Mercury
Mercuric bromide
chloride
iodide
Molybdenum
hexafluoride
oxide
5
10
20
Formula
Cl2
ClF
ClF3
Cl2O
ClO2
Cl2O7
HSO3Cl
Cr
Cr(CO)6
CrO2Cl2
CoCl2
Co(CO)3NO
CbF5
Cu
Cu2Br2
Cu2Cl2
Cu2I2
C2N2
CNBr
CNCl
CNF
DCN
F2
F2O
GeBr4
GeCl4
GeH4
GeHCl3
Ge(CH3)4
Ge2H6
Ge3H8
Au
He
H2
HBr
HCl
HCN
H2F2
HI
H2O
H2S
HSSH
H2Se
H2Te
I2
IF7
Fe
Fe(CO)5
Fe2Cl6
FeCl2
Kr
Pb
PbBr2
PbCl2
PbF2
PbI2
PbO
PbS
Li
LiBr
LiCl
LiF
LiI
Mg
MgCl2
Mn
MnCl2
Hg
HgBr2
HgCl2
HgI2
Mo
MoF6
MoO3
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
−71.7
−120.8
−34.7
−39.4
−29.4
29.1
105.3
2139
108.0
58.0
843
29.0
148.5
2207
951
960
907
−51.8
22.6
−24.9
−97.0
−17.5
−202.7
−165.8
113.2
27.5
−120.3
26.5
−6.3
−20.3
47.9
2521
−270.3
−257.9
−97.7
−114.0
−17.8
−28.2
−72.1
51.6
−91.6
22.0
−74.2
−45.7
116.5
−31.9
2360
50.3
272.5
842
−171.8
1421
745
784
1080
701
1265
1108
1097
1076
1129
1425
993
909
1142
1792
960
261.7
237.8
237.0
261.8
4109
−8.0
955
−60.2
−114.4
−20.7
−26.5
−17.8
44.6
120.0
2243
121.8
75.2
904
44.4
172.2
2325
1052
1077
1018
−42.6
33.8
−14.1
−89.2
−5.4
−198.3
−159.0
135.4
44.4
−111.2
41.6
+8.8
−4.7
67.0
2657
−269.8
−256.3
−88.1
−105.2
−5.3
−13.2
−60.3
66.5
−82.3
35.3
−65.2
−32.4
137.3
−20.7
2475
68.0
285.0
897
−165.9
1519
796
833
1144
750
1330
1160
1178
1147
1203
1503
1049
967
1223
1900
1028
290.7
262.7
256.5
291.0
4322
+4.1
1014
−47.3
−107.0
−4.9
−12.5
−4.0
62.2
136.1
2361
137.2
95.2
974
62.0
198.0
2465
1189
1249
1158
−33.0
46.0
−2.3
−80.5
+10.0
−193.2
−151.9
161.6
63.8
−100.2
58.3
26.0
+13.3
88.6
2807
−269.3
−254.5
−78.0
−95.3
+10.2
+2.5
−48.3
83.0
−71.8
49.6
−53.6
−17.2
159.8
−8.3
2605
86.1
298.0
961
−159.0
1630
856
893
1219
807
1402
1221
1273
1226
1290
1591
1110
1034
1316
2029
1108
323.0
290.0
275.5
324.2
4553
17.2
1082
−33.8
−100.5
+11.5
+2.2
+11.1
78.8
151.0
2482
151.0
117.1
1050
80.0
225.0
2595
1355
1490
1336
−21.0
61.5
+13.1
−72.6
26.2
−187.9
−144.6
189.0
84.0
−88.9
75.0
44.0
31.5
110.8
2966
−268.6
−252.5
−66.5
−84.8
25.9
19.7
−35.1
100.0
−60.4
64.0
−41.1
−2.0
183.0
+4.0
2735
105.0
319.0
1026
−152.0
1744
914
954
1293
872
1472
1281
1372
1310
1382
1681
1171
1107
1418
2151
1190
357.0
319.0
304.0
354.0
4804
36.0
1151
−100.7
−145
−83
−116
−59
−91
−80
1615
Temperature, °C
−118.0
−98.5
−106.7
−143.4
−80.4
−81.6
−45.3
32.0
1616
36.0
−18.4
−23.8
53.5
1768
58.0
+3.2
1628
572
546
−95.8
−35.7
−76.7
−134.4
−68.9
−223.0
−196.1
−45.0
−163.0
−41.3
−73.2
−88.7
−36.9
1869
−271.7
−263.3
−138.8
−150.8
−71.0
−123.3
−17.3
−134.3
−43.2
−115.3
−96.4
38.7
−87.0
1787
194.0
−199.3
973
513
547
479
943
852
723
748
783
1047
723
621
778
1292
126.2
136.5
136.2
157.5
3102
−65.5
734
1795
666
645
610
−83.2
−18.3
−61.4
−123.8
−54.0
−216.9
−186.6
43.3
−24.9
−151.0
−22.3
−54.6
−69.8
−12.8
2059
−271.5
−261.9
−127.4
−140.7
−55.3
−74.7
−109.6
+1.2
−122.4
−24.4
−103.4
−82.4
62.2
−70.7
1957
−6.5
221.8
−191.3
1099
578
615
861
540
1039
928
838
840
880
1156
802
702
877
1434
736
164.8
165.3
166.0
189.2
3393
−49.0
785
−101.6
−139.0
−71.8
−73.1
−59.0
−13.2
64.0
1845
68.3
13.8
−93.3
−134.3
−62.3
−64.3
−51.2
−2.1
75.3
1928
79.5
25.7
86.3
1879
718
702
656
−76.8
−10.0
−53.8
−118.5
−46.7
−214.1
−182.3
56.8
−15.0
−145.3
−13.0
−45.2
−60.1
−0.9
2154
−271.3
−261.3
−121.8
−135.6
−47.7
−65.8
−102.3
11.2
−116.3
−15.2
−97.9
−75.4
73.2
−63.0
2039
+4.6
235.5
700
−187.2
1162
610
648
904
571
1085
975
881
888
932
1211
841
743
930
1505
778
184.0
179.8
180.2
204.5
3535
−40.8
814
−1.3
103.0
1970
777
766
716
−70.1
−1.0
−46.1
−112.8
−38.8
−211.0
−177.8
71.8
−4.1
−139.2
−3.0
−35.0
−49.9
+11.8
2256
−271.1
−260.4
−115.4
−130.0
−39.7
−56.0
−94.5
22.1
−109.7
−5.1
−91.8
−67.8
84.7
−54.5
2128
16.7
246.0
737
−182.9
1234
646
684
950
605
1134
1005
940
939
987
1270
883
789
988
1583
825
204.6
194.3
195.8
220.0
3690
−32.0
851
−84.5
−128.8
−51.3
−54.3
−42.8
+10.3
87.6
2013
91.2
38.5
770
+11.0
121.5
2067
844
838
786
−62.7
+8.6
−37.5
−106.4
−30.1
−207.7
−173.0
88.1
+8.0
−131.6
+8.8
−23.4
−38.2
26.3
2363
−270.7
−259.6
−108.3
−123.8
−30.9
−45.0
−85.6
34.0
−102.3
+6.0
−84.7
−59.1
97.5
−45.3
2224
30.3
256.8
779
−178.4
1309
686
725
1003
644
1189
1048
1003
994
1045
1333
927
838
1050
1666
879
228.8
211.5
212.5
238.2
3859
−22.1
892
−79.0
−125.3
−44.1
−48.0
−37.2
+18.2
95.2
2067
98.3
46.7
801
18.5
133.2
2127
887
886
836
−57.9
14.7
−32.1
−102.3
−24.7
−205.6
−170.0
98.8
16.2
−126.7
16.2
−16.2
−30.7
35.5
2431
−270.6
−258.9
−103.8
−119.6
−25.1
−37.9
−79.8
41.5
−97.9
12.8
−80.2
−53.7
105.4
−39.4
2283
39.1
263.7
805
−175.7
1358
711
750
1036
668
1222
1074
1042
1028
1081
1372
955
868
1088
1720
913
242.0
221.0
222.2
249.0
3964
−16.2
917
735
−11
75.5
1083
504
422
605
−34.4
58
−6.5
−12
−223
−223.9
26.1
−49.5
−165
−71.1
−88
−109
−105.6
1063
−259.1
−87.0
−114.3
−13.2
−83.7
−50.9
0.0
−85.5
−89.7
−64
−49.0
112.9
5.5
1535
−21
304
−156.7
327.5
373
501
855
402
890
1114
186
547
614
870
446
651
712
1260
650
−38.9
237
277
259
2622
17
795
VAPOR PRESSURES
TABLE 2-9
2-61
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Compound
Pressure, mmHg
1
Name
Neon
Nickel
carbonyl
chloride
Nitrogen
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen pentoxide
Nitrous oxide
Nitrosyl chloride
fluoride
Osmium tetroxide (yellow)
(white)
Oxygen
Ozone
Phosgene
Phosphorus (yellow)
(violet)
tribromide
trichloride
pentachloride
Phosphine
Phosphonium bromide
chloride
iodide
Phosphorus trioxide
pentoxide
oxychloride
thiobromide
thiochloride
Platinum
Potassium
bromide
chloride
fluoride
hydroxide
iodide
Radon
Rhenium heptoxide
Rubidium
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
Selenium
dioxide
hexafluoride
oxychloride
tetrachloride
Silicon
dioxide
tetrachloride
tetrafluoride
Trichlorofluorosilane
Iodosilane
Diiodosilane
Disiloxan
Trisilane
Trisilazane
Tetrasilane
Octachlorotrisilane
Hexachlorodisiloxane
Hexachlorodisilane
Tribromosilane
Trichlorosilane
Trifluorosilane
Dibromosilane
Difluorosilane
Monobromosilane
Monochlorosilane
Monofluorosilane
Tribromofluorosilane
Dichlorodifluorosilane
Trifluorobromosilane
5
10
20
Formula
Ne
Ni
Ni(CO)4
NiCl2
N2
NO
NO2
N2O5
N2O
NOCl
NOF
OsO4
OsO4
O2
O3
COCl2
P
P
PBr3
PCl3
PCl5
PH3
PH4Br
PH4Cl
PH4I
P4O6
P4O10
POCl3
PSBr3
PSCl3
Pt
K
KBr
KCl
KF
KOH
KI
Rn
Re2O7
Rb
RbBr
RbCl
RbF
RbI
Se
SeO2
SeF6
SeOCl2
SeCl4
Si
SiO2
SiCl4
SiF4
SiFCl3
SiH3I
SiH2I2
(SiH3)2O
Si3H8
(SiH3)3N
Si4H10
Si3Cl3
(SiCl3)2O
Si2Cl6
SiHBr3
SiHCl3
SiHF3
SiH2Br2
SiH2F2
SiH3Br
SiH3Cl
SiH3F
SiFBr3
SiF2Cl2
SiF3Br
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
−251.0
2364
−6.0
866
−209.7
−166.0
−14.7
7.4
−110.3
−46.3
−88.8
71.5
71.5
−198.8
−141.0
−35.6
197.3
349
103.6
21.0
117.0
−118.8
7.4
−52.0
29.3
108.3
510
47.4
126.3
63.8
3714
586
1137
1164
1245
1064
1080
−99.0
289.0
514
1114
1133
1168
1072
554
258.0
−73.9
118.0
147.5
2083
1969
+5.4
−113.3
−33.2
−4.4
79.4
−55.9
+1.6
−1.1
47.4
146.0
75.4
85.4
51.6
−16.4
−118.7
14.1
−107.3
−42.3
−68.5
−122.4
28.6
−70.3
−249.7
2473
+8.8
904
−205.6
−162.3
−5.0
15.6
−103.6
−34.0
−79.2
89.5
89.5
−194.0
−132.6
−22.3
222.7
370
125.2
37.6
131.3
−109.4
17.6
−44.0
39.9
129.0
532
65.0
141.8
82.0
3923
643
1212
1239
1323
1142
1152
−87.7
307.0
563
1186
1207
1239
1141
594
277.0
−64.8
134.6
161.0
2151
2053
21.0
−170.2
−19.3
+10.7
101.8
−43.5
17.8
+14.0
63.6
166.2
92.5
102.2
70.2
−1.8
−111.3
31.6
−98.3
−28.6
−57.0
−115.2
45.7
−58.0
−69.8
−248.1
2603
25.8
945
−200.9
−156.8
+8.0
24.4
−96.2
−20.3
−68.2
109.3
109.3
−188.8
−122.5
−7.6
251.0
391
149.7
56.9
147.2
−98.3
28.0
−35.4
51.6
150.3
556
84.3
157.8
102.3
4169
708
1297
1322
1411
1233
1238
−75.0
336.0
620
1267
1294
1322
1223
637
297.7
−55.2
151.7
176.4
2220
2141
38.4
−100.7
−4.0
27.9
125.5
−29.3
35.5
31.0
81.7
189.5
113.6
120.6
90.2
+14.5
−102.8
50.7
−87.6
−13.3
−44.5
−106.8
64.6
−45.0
−55.9
−246.0
2732
42.5
987
−195.8
−151.7
21.0
32.4
−85.5
−6.4
−56.0
130.0
130.0
−183.1
−111.1
+8.3
280.0
417
175.3
74.2
162.0
−87.5
38.3
−27.0
62.3
173.1
591
105.1
175.0
124.0
4407
774
1383
1407
1502
1327
1324
−61.8
362.4
679
1352
1381
1408
1304
680
317.0
−45.8
168.0
191.5
2287
2227
56.8
−94.8
+12.2
45.4
149.5
−15.4
53.1
48.7
100.0
211.4
135.6
139.0
111.8
31.8
−95.0
70.5
−77.8
+2.4
−30.4
−98.0
83.8
−31.8
−41.7
−248.7
1452
−25
1001
−210.0
−161
−9.3
30
−90.9
−64.5
−134
56
42
−218.7
−251
−104
44.1
590
−40
−111.8
Temperature, °C
−257.3
1810
−255.5
1979
−254.6
2057
−253.7
2143
671
−226.1
−184.5
−55.6
−36.8
−143.4
731
−221.3
−180.6
−42.7
−23.0
−133.4
759
−219.1
−178.2
−36.7
−16.7
−128.7
789
−216.8
−175.3
−30.4
−10.0
−124.0
−132.0
3.2
−5.6
−219.1
−180.4
−92.9
76.6
237
7.8
−51.6
55.5
−120.3
22.0
+15.6
−213.4
−168.6
−77.0
111.2
271
34.4
−31.5
74.0
−114.3
31.3
26.0
−210.6
−163.2
−69.3
128.0
287
47.8
−21.3
83.2
−107.8
41.0
37.4
−207.5
−157.2
−60.3
146.2
306
62.4
−10.2
92.5
−43.7
−91.0
−25.2
384
−28.5
−79.6
−9.0
39.7
424
50.0
−18.3
2730
341
795
821
885
719
745
−144.2
212.5
297
781
792
921
748
356
157.0
−118.6
34.8
74.0
1724
72.4
+4.6
3007
408
892
919
988
814
840
−132.4
237.5
358
876
887
982
839
413
187.7
−105.2
59.8
96.3
1835
−63.4
−144.0
−92.6
−44.1
−134.8
−76.4
−53.0
3.8
−95.8
−49.7
−49.9
−6.2
74.7
17.8
27.4
−8.0
−62.6
−142.7
−40.0
−136.0
−85.7
−104.3
−145.5
−25.4
−110.5
−21.2
−74.0
−1.1
53.0
442
2.0
83.6
16.1
3146
443
940
968
1039
863
887
−126.3
248.0
389
923
937
1016
884
442
202.5
−98.9
71.9
107.4
1888
1732
−34.4
−130.4
−68.3
−47.7
18.0
−88.2
−40.0
−40.4
+4.3
89.3
29.4
38.8
+3.4
−53.4
−138.2
−29.4
−130.4
−77.3
−97.7
−141.2
−15.1
−102.9
−13.3
−68.0
+7.3
67.8
462
13.6
95.5
29.0
3302
483
994
1020
1096
918
938
−119.2
261.0
422
975
990
1052
935
473
217.5
−92.3
84.2
118.1
1942
1798
−24.0
−125.9
−59.0
−33.4
34.1
−79.8
−29.0
−30.0
15.8
104.2
41.5
51.5
16.0
−43.8
−132.9
−18.0
−124.3
−68.3
−90.1
−136.3
−3.7
−94.5
−112.5
−68.9
−68.7
−27.7
46.3
−5.0
+4.0
−30.5
−80.7
−152.0
−60.9
−146.7
−117.8
−153.0
−46.1
−124.7
−252.6
2234
−23.0
821
−214.0
−171.7
−23.9
−2.9
−118.3
−60.2
−100.3
51.7
50.5
−204.1
−150.7
−50.3
166.7
323
79.0
+2.3
102.5
−129.4
−5.0
−61.5
16.1
84.0
481
27.3
108.0
42.7
3469
524
1050
1078
1156
976
995
−111.3
272.0
459
1031
1047
1096
991
506
234.1
−84.7
98.0
130.1
2000
1867
−12.1
−120.8
−48.8
−21.8
52.6
−70.4
−16.9
−18.5
28.4
121.5
55.2
65.3
30.0
−32.9
−127.3
−5.2
−117.6
−57.8
−81.8
−130.8
+9.2
−85.0
−251.9
2289
−15.9
840
−212.3
−168.9
−19.9
+1.8
−114.9
−54.2
−95.7
59.4
59.4
−201.9
−146.7
−44.0
179.8
334
89.8
10.2
108.3
−125.0
+0.3
−57.3
21.9
94.2
493
35.8
116.0
51.8
3574
550
1087
1115
1193
1013
1030
−106.2
280.0
482
1066
1084
1123
1026
527
244.6
−80.0
106.5
137.8
2036
1911
−4.8
−117.5
−42.2
−14.3
64.0
−64.2
−9.0
−11.0
36.6
132.0
63.8
73.9
39.2
−25.8
−123.7
+3.2
−113.3
−51.1
−76.0
−127.2
17.4
−78.6
−132.5
−28.5
22.5
569
2
38
−36.2
1755
62.3
730
790
880
380
723
−71
296
38.5
682
715
760
642
217
340
−34.7
8.5
1420
1710
−68.8
−90
−120.8
−57.0
−1.0
−144.2
−117.2
−105.7
−93.6
−33.2
−1.2
−73.5
−126.6
−131.4
−70.2
−93.9
−82.5
−139.7
−70.5
(Continued )
2-62
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Trifluorochlorosilane
Hexafluorodisilane
Dichlorofluorobromosilane
Dibromochlorofluorosilane
Silane
Disilane
Silver
chloride
iodide
Sodium
bromide
chloride
cyanide
fluoride
hydroxide
iodide
Strontium
Strontium oxide
Sulfur
monochloride
hexafluoride
Sulfuryl chloride
Sulfur dioxide
trioxide (α)
trioxide (β)
trioxide (γ)
Tellurium
chloride
fluoride
Thallium
Thallous bromide
chloride
iodide
Thionyl bromide
Thionyl chloride
Tin
Stannic bromide
Stannous chloride
Stannic chloride
iodide
hydride
Tin tetramethyl
trimethyl-ethyl
trimethyl-propyl
Titanium chloride
Tungsten
Tungsten hexafluoride
Uranium hexafluoride
Vanadyl trichloride
Xenon
Zinc
chloride
fluoride
diethyl
Zirconium bromide
chloride
iodide
1
5
10
20
Formula
SiF3Cl
Si2F6
SiFCl2Br
SiFClBr2
SiH4
Si2H6
Ag
AgCl
AgI
Na
NaBr
NaCl
NaCN
NaF
NaOH
NaI
Sr
SrO
S
S2Cl2
SF6
SO2Cl2
SO2
SO3
SO3
SO3
Te
TeCl4
TeF6
Tl
TlBr
TlCl
TlI
SOBr2
SOCl2
Sn
SnBr4
SnCl2
SnCl4
SnI4
SnH4
Sn(CH3)4
Sn(CH3)3⋅C2H5
Sn(CH3)3⋅C3H7
TiCl4
W
WF6
UF6
VOCl3
Xe
Zn
ZnCl2
ZnF2
Zn(C2H5)2
ZrBr4
ZrCl4
ZrI4
40
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
−108.2
−46.7
−29.0
−4.7
−146.3
−66.4
1795
1242
1152
662
1099
1169
1156
1403
1057
1039
1057
−101.7
−41.7
−19.5
+6.3
−140.5
−57.5
1865
1297
1210
701
1148
1220
1214
1455
1111
1083
1111
−91.7
−34.2
−3.2
23.0
−131.6
−44.6
1971
1379
1297
758
1220
1296
1302
1531
1192
1150
1192
−81.0
−26.4
+15.4
43.0
−122.0
−29.0
2090
1467
1400
823
1304
1379
1401
1617
1286
1225
1285
−70.0
−18.9
35.4
59.5
−111.5
−14.3
2212
1564
1506
892
1392
1465
1497
1704
1378
1304
1384
305.5
63.2
−96.8
+7.2
−54.6
+4.0
8.0
21.4
789
287
−73.8
1143
621
612
631
68.3
10.4
1903
116.2
467
43.5
234.2
−96.6
11.7
38.4
57.5
58.0
5007
−27.5
10.4
49.8
−137.7
700
584
1207
47.2
289
268
355
327.2
75.3
−90.9
17.8
−46.9
10.5
14.3
28.0
838
304
−67.9
1196
653
645
663
80.6
21.4
1968
131.0
493
54.7
254.2
−89.2
22.8
50.0
69.8
71.0
5168
−20.3
18.2
62.5
−132.8
736
610
1254
59.1
301
279
369
359.7
93.5
−82.3
33.7
−35.4
20.5
23.7
35.8
910
330
−57.3
1274
703
694
712
99.0
37.9
2063
152.8
533
72.0
283.5
−78.0
39.8
67.3
88.0
90.5
5403
−10.0
30.0
82.0
−125.4
788
648
1329
77.0
318
295
389
399.6
115.4
−72.6
51.3
−23.0
32.6
32.6
44.0
997
360
−48.2
1364
759
748
763
119.2
56.5
2169
177.7
577
92.1
315.5
−65.2
58.5
87.6
109.6
112.7
5666
+1.2
42.7
103.5
−117.1
844
689
1417
97.3
337
312
409
444.6
138.0
−63.5
69.2
−10.0
44.8
44.8
51.6
1087
392
−38.6
1457
819
807
823
139.5
75.4
2270
204.7
623
113.0
348.0
−52.3
78.0
108.8
131.7
136.0
5927
17.3
55.7
127.2
−108.0
907
732
1497
118.0
357
331
431
−142
−18.6
−112.3
−99.3
−185
−132.6
960.5
455
552
97.5
755
800
564
992
318
651
800
2430
112.8
−80
−50.2
−54.1
−73.2
16.8
32.3
62.1
452
224
−37.8
3035
460
430
440
−52.2
−104.5
231.9
31.0
246.8
−30.2
144.5
−149.9
60
Temperature, °C
−144.0
−81.0
−86.5
−65.2
−179.3
−114.8
1357
912
820
439
806
865
817
1077
739
767
2068
183.8
−7.4
−132.7
−95.5
−39.0
−34.0
−15.3
520
−111.3
825
440
−6.7
−52.9
1492
316
−22.7
−140.0
−51.3
−30.0
−12.0
−13.9
3990
−71.4
−38.8
−23.2
−168.5
487
428
970
−22.4
207
190
264
−133.0
−68.8
−68.4
−45.5
−168.6
−99.3
1500
1019
927
511
903
967
928
1186
843
857
847
2198
223.0
+15.7
−120.6
−35.1
−83.0
−23.7
−19.2
−2.0
605
−98.8
931
490
487
502
+18.4
−32.4
1634
58.3
366
−1.0
156.0
−125.8
−31.0
−7.6
+10.7
+9.4
4337
−56.5
−22.0
+0.2
−158.2
558
481
1055
0.0
237
217
297
−127.0
−63.1
−59.0
−35.6
−163.0
−91.4
1575
1074
983
549
952
1017
983
1240
897
903
898
2262
243.8
27.5
−114.7
−24.8
−76.8
−16.5
−12.3
+4.3
650
233
−92.4
983
522
517
531
31.0
−21.9
1703
72.7
391
+10.0
175.8
−118.5
−20.6
+3.8
21.8
21.3
4507
−49.2
−13.8
12.2
−152.8
593
508
1086
+11.7
250
230
311
−120.5
−57.0
−48.8
−24.5
−156.9
−82.7
1658
1134
1045
589
1005
1072
1046
1300
953
952
953
2333
264.7
40.0
−108.4
−13.4
−69.7
−9.1
−4.9
11.1
697
253
−86.0
1040
559
550
567
44.1
−10.5
1777
88.1
420
22.0
196.2
−111.2
−9.3
16.1
34.0
34.2
4690
−41.5
−5.2
26.6
−147.1
632
536
1129
24.2
266
243
329
−112.8
−50.6
−37.0
−12.0
−150.3
−72.8
1743
1200
1111
633
1063
1131
1115
1363
1017
1005
1018
2410
288.3
54.1
−101.5
−1.0
−60.5
−1.0
+3.2
17.9
753
273
−78.4
1103
598
589
607
58.8
+2.2
1855
105.5
450
35.2
218.8
−102.3
+3.5
30.0
48.5
48.4
4886
−33.0
+4.4
40.0
−141.2
673
566
1175
38.0
281
259
344
−30
3370
−0.5
69.2
−111.6
419.4
365
872
−28
450
437
499
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-63
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm*
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
1
Name
Formula
Acenaphthalene
Acetal
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetanilide
Acetic acid
anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetyl chloride
Acetylene
Acridine
Acrolein (2-propenal)
Acrylic acid
Adipic acid
Allene (propadiene)
Allyl alcohol (propen-1-ol-3)
chloride (3-chloropropene)
isopropyl ether
isothiocyanate
n-propyl ether
4-Allylveratrole
iso-Amyl acetate
n-Amyl alcohol
iso-Amyl alcohol
sec-Amyl alcohol (2-pentanol)
tert-Amyl alcohol
sec-Amylbenzene
iso-Amyl benzoate
bromide (1-bromo-3-methylbutane)
n-butyrate
formate
iodide (1-iodo-3-methylbutane)
isobutyrate
Amyl isopropionate
iso-Amyl isovalerate
n-Amyl levulinate
iso-Amyl levulinate
nitrate
4-tert-Amylphenol
Anethole
Angelonitrile
Aniline
2-Anilinoethanol
Anisaldehyde
o-Anisidine (2-methoxyaniline)
Anthracene
Anthraquinone
Azelaic acid
Azelaldehyde
Azobenzene
Benzal chloride (α,α-Dichlorotoluene)
Benzaldehyde
Benzanthrone
Benzene
Benzenesulfonylchloride
Benzil
Benzoic acid
anhydride
Benzoin
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzotrichloride (α,α,α-Trichlorotoluene)
Benzotrifluoride (α,α,α-Trifluorotoluene)
Benzoyl bromide
chloride
nitrile
Benzyl acetate
alcohol
C12H10
C6H14O2
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C8H9NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C8H8O
C2H3OCl
C2H2
C13H9N
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C6H10O4
C3H4
C3H6O
C3H5Cl
C6H12O
C4H5NS
C6H12O
C11H14O2
C7H14O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C11H16
C12H16O2
C5H11Br
C9H18O2
C6H12O2
C5H11I
C9H18O2
C8H16O2
C10H20O2
C10H18O3
C10H18O3
C5H11NO3
C11H16O
C10H12O
C5H7N
C6H7N
C8H11NO
C8H8O2
C7H9NO
C14H10
C14H8O2
C9H16O4
C9H18O
C12H10N2
C7H6Cl2
C7H6O
C17H10O
C6H6
C6H5ClO2S
C14H10O2
C7H6O2
C14H10O3
C14H12O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H5Cl3
C7H5F3
C7H5BrO
C7H5ClO
C8H5NO
C9H10O2
C7H8O
5
10
20
114.8
−2.3
−65.1
92.0
146.6
+6.3
24.8
−40.5
−26.6
64.0
−35.0
−133.0
165.8
−46.0
27.3
191.0
−108.0
+0.2
−52.0
−23.1
+25.3
−18.2
113.9
+23.7
34.7
30.9
22.1
+7.2
55.8
104.5
+2.1
47.1
+5.4
+21.9
40.1
33.7
54.4
110.0
104.0
28.8
109.8
91.6
+15.0
57.9
134.3
102.6
88.0
173.5
219.4
210.4
58.4
135.7
64.0
50.1
274.5
−19.6
96.5
165.2
119.5
180.0
170.2
55.3
141.7
73.7
−10.3
75.4
59.1
71.7
73.4
80.8
131.2
+8.0
−56.8
105.0
162.0
17.5
36.0
−31.1
−16.3
78.0
−27.6
−128.2
184.0
−36.7
39.0
205.5
−101.0
10.5
−42.9
−12.9
38.3
−7.9
127.0
35.2
44.9
40.8
32.2
17.2
69.2
121.6
13.6
59.9
17.1
34.1
52.8
46.3
68.6
124.0
118.8
40.3
125.5
106.0
28.0
69.4
149.6
117.8
101.7
187.2
234.2
225.5
71.6
151.5
78.7
62.0
297.2
−11.5
112.0
183.0
132.1
198.0
188.1
69.2
157.6
87.6
−0.4
89.8
73.0
85.5
87.6
92.6
148.7
19.6
−47.8
120.0
180.0
29.9
48.3
−20.8
−5.0
92.4
−19.6
−122.8
203.5
−26.3
52.0
222.0
−93.4
21.7
−32.8
−1.8
52.1
+3.7
142.8
47.8
55.8
51.7
42.6
27.9
83.8
139.7
26.1
74.0
30.0
47.6
66.6
60.0
83.8
139.7
134.4
53.5
142.3
121.8
41.0
82.0
165.7
133.5
116.1
201.9
248.3
242.4
85.0
168.3
94.3
75.0
322.5
−2.6
129.0
202.8
146.7
218.0
207.0
83.4
175.8
102.7
12.2
105.4
87.6
100.2
102.3
105.8
40
60
100
200
400
760
197.5
50.1
−22.6
158.0
227.2
63.0
82.2
+7.7
27.0
133.6
+3.2
−107.9
256.0
+2.5
86.1
265.0
−72.5
50.0
−4.5
29.0
89.5
35.8
183.7
83.2
85.8
80.7
70.7
55.3
124.1
186.8
60.4
113.1
65.4
84.4
104.4
97.6
125.1
180.5
177.0
88.6
189.0
164.2
77.5
119.9
209.5
176.7
155.2
250.0
285.0
286.5
123.0
216.0
138.3
112.5
390.0
26.1
174.5
255.8
186.2
270.4
258.0
123.5
224.4
144.3
45.3
147.7
128.0
141.0
144.0
141.7
222.1
66.3
−10.0
178.3
250.5
80.0
100.0
22.7
43.7
154.2
16.1
−100.3
284.0
17.5
103.3
287.8
−61.3
64.5
10.4
44.3
108.0
52.6
204.0
101.3
102.0
95.8
85.7
69.7
145.2
210.2
78.7
133.2
83.2
103.8
124.2
117.3
146.1
203.1
198.1
106.7
213.0
186.1
96.3
140.1
230.6
199.0
175.3
279.0
314.6
309.6
142.1
240.0
160.7
131.7
426.5
42.2
198.0
283.5
205.8
299.1
284.4
144.1
249.8
165.6
62.5
169.2
149.5
161.3
165.5
160.0
250.0
84.0
+4.9
200.0
277.0
99.0
119.8
39.5
62.5
178.0
32.0
−92.0
314.3
34.5
122.0
312.5
−48.5
80.2
27.5
61.7
129.8
71.4
226.2
121.5
119.8
113.7
102.3
85.7
168.0
235.8
99.4
155.3
102.7
125.8
146.0
138.4
169.5
227.4
222.7
126.5
239.5
210.5
117.7
161.9
254.5
223.0
197.3
310.2
346.2
332.8
163.4
266.1
187.0
154.1
277.5
102.2
20.2
222.0
303.8
118.1
139.6
56.5
81.8
202.4
50.8
−84.0
346.0
52.5
141.0
337.5
−35.0
96.6
44.6
79.5
150.7
90.5
248.0
142.0
137.8
130.6
119.7
101.7
193.0
262.0
120.4
178.6
123.3
148.2
168.8
160.2
194.0
253.2
247.9
147.5
266.0
235.3
140.0
184.4
279.6
248.0
218.5
342.0
379.9
356.5
185.0
293.0
214.0
179.0
60.6
224.0
314.3
227.0
328.8
313.5
166.7
276.8
189.2
82.0
193.7
172.8
185.0
189.0
183.0
80.1
251.5
347.0
249.2
360.0
343.0
190.6
305.4
213.5
102.2
218.5
197.2
208.0
213.5
204.7
Temperature, °C
−23.0
−81.5
65.0
114.0
−17.2
1.7
−59.4
−47.0
37.1
−50.0
−142.9
129.4
−64.5
+3.5
159.5
−120.6
−20.0
−70.0
−43.7
−2.0
−39.0
85.0
0.0
+13.6
+10.0
+1.5
−12.9
29.0
72.0
−20.4
21.2
−17.5
−2.5
14.8
+8.5
27.0
81.3
75.6
+5.2
62.6
−8.0
34.8
104.0
73.2
61.0
145.0
190.0
178.3
33.3
103.5
35.4
26.2
225.0
−36.7
65.9
128.4
96.0
143.8
135.6
28.2
108.2
45.8
−32.0
47.0
32.1
44.5
45.0
58.0
168.2
31.9
−37.8
135.8
199.6
43.0
62.1
−9.4
+7.7
109.4
−10.4
−116.7
224.2
−15.0
66.2
240.5
−85.2
33.4
−21.2
+10.9
67.4
16.4
158.3
62.1
68.0
63.4
54.1
38.8
100.0
158.3
39.8
90.0
44.0
62.3
81.8
75.5
100.6
155.8
151.7
67.6
160.3
139.3
55.8
96.7
183.7
150.5
132.0
217.5
264.3
260.0
100.2
187.9
112.1
90.1
350.0
+7.6
147.7
224.5
162.6
239.8
227.6
99.6
195.7
119.8
25.7
122.6
103.8
116.6
119.6
119.8
181.2
39.8
−31.4
145.8
211.8
51.7
70.8
−2.0
15.9
119.8
−4.5
−112.8
238.7
−7.5
75.0
251.0
−78.8
40.3
−14.1
18.7
76.2
25.0
169.6
71.0
75.5
71.0
61.5
46.0
110.4
171.4
48.7
99.8
53.3
71.9
91.7
85.2
110.3
165.2
162.6
76.3
172.6
149.8
65.2
106.0
194.0
161.7
142.1
231.8
273.3
271.8
110.0
199.8
123.4
99.6
368.8
15.4
158.2
238.2
172.8
252.7
241.7
109.8
208.2
130.0
34.0
133.4
114.7
127.0
129.8
129.3
Melting
point,
°C
95
−123.5
81
113.5
16.7
−73
−94.6
−41
20.5
−112.0
−81.5
110.5
−87.7
14
152
−136
−129
−136.4
−80
−117.2
−11.9
93
22.5
−6.2
2.5
5.2
217.5
286
106.5
68
−16.1
−26
174
+5.5
14.5
95
121.7
42
132
−12.9
48.5
−21.2
−29.3
0
−0.5
33.5
−51.5
−15.3
∗Compiled from the extended tables published by D. R. Stull in Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 517 (1947). For information on fuels see Hibbard, N.A.C.A. Research Mem.
E56I21, 1956. For methane see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
(Continued )
2-64
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Benzylamine
Benzyl bromide (α-bromotoluene)
chloride (α-chlorotoluene)
cinnamate
Benzyldichlorosilane
Benzyl ethyl ether
phenyl ether
isothiocyanate
Biphenyl
1-Biphenyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane
d-Bornyl acetate
Bornyl n-butyrate
formate
isobutyrate
propionate
Brassidic acid
Bromoacetic acid
4-Bromoanisole
Bromobenzene
4-Bromobiphenyl
1-Bromo-2-butanol
1-Bromo-2-butanone
cis-1-Bromo-1-butene
trans-1-Bromo-1-butene
2-Bromo-1-butene
cis-2-Bromo-2-butene
trans-2-Bromo-2-butene
1,4-Bromochlorobenzene
1-Bromo-1-chloroethane
1-Bromo-2-chloroethane
2-Bromo-4,6-dichlorophenol
1-Bromo-4-ethyl benzene
(2-Bromoethyl)-benzene
2-Bromoethyl 2-chloroethyl ether
(2-Bromoethyl)-cyclohexane
1-Bromoethylene
Bromoform (tribromomethane)
1-Bromonaphthalene
2-Bromo-4-phenylphenol
3-Bromopyridine
2-Bromotoluene
3-Bromotoluene
4-Bromotoluene
3-Bromo-2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2-Bromo-1,4-xylene
1,2-Butadiene (methyl allene)
1,3-Butadiene
n-Butane
iso-Butane (2-methylpropane)
1,3-Butanediol
1,2,3-Butanetriol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
3-Butenenitrile
iso-Butyl acetate
n-Butyl acrylate
alcohol
iso-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
iso-Butyl amine
n-Butylbenzene
iso-Butylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
iso-Butyl benzoate
n-Butyl bromide (1-bromobutane)
iso-Butyl n-butyrate
carbamate
Butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol
butyl ether)
n-Butyl chloride (1-chlorobutane)
iso-Butyl chloride
1
5
10
20
29.0
32.2
22.0
173.8
45.3
26.0
95.4
79.5
70.6
135.3
46.9
74.0
47.0
70.0
64.6
209.6
54.7
48.8
+2.9
98.0
23.7
+6.2
−44.0
−38.4
−47.3
−39.0
−45.0
32.0
−36.0
−28.8
84.0
30.4
48.0
36.5
38.7
−95.4
70.0
54.8
59.6
47.8
206.3
70.2
52.0
127.7
107.8
101.8
169.9
75.7
103.4
74.8
99.8
93.7
241.7
81.6
77.8
27.8
133.7
45.4
30.0
−23.2
−17.0
−27.0
−17.9
−24.1
59.5
−18.0
−7.0
115.6
42.5
76.2
63.2
66.6
−77.8
22.0
117.5
135.4
42.0
49.7
50.8
47.5
146.2
65.0
−72.7
−87.6
−85.7
−94.1
67.5
132.0
−89.4
−81.1
−84.0
+2.9
+1.4
+23.5
+20.0
+11.6
+7.2
−3.0
−31.0
48.8
40.5
44.2
39.0
93.6
−11.2
30.0
83.7
95.7
67.7
73.4
60.8
221.5
83.2
65.0
144.0
121.8
117.0
187.2
90.2
118.0
89.3
114.0
108.0
256.0
94.1
91.9
40.0
150.6
55.8
41.8
−12.8
−6.4
−16.8
−7.2
−13.8
72.7
−9.4
+4.1
130.8
74.0
90.5
76.3
80.5
−68.8
34.0
133.6
152.3
55.2
62.3
64.0
61.1
163.2
78.8
−64.2
−79.7
−77.8
−86.4
85.3
146.0
−81.6
−73.4
−76.3
14.1
12.8
35.5
30.2
21.7
16.9
+5.5
−21.0
62.0
53.7
57.0
51.7
108.6
−0.3
42.2
96.4
107.8
81.8
88.3
75.0
239.3
96.7
79.6
160.7
137.0
134.2
205.8
106.0
133.8
104.0
130.0
123.7
272.9
108.2
107.8
53.8
169.8
67.2
54.2
−1.4
+5.4
−5.3
+4.6
−2.4
87.8
0.0
16.0
147.7
90.2
105.8
90.8
95.8
−58.8
48.0
150.2
171.8
69.1
76.0
78.1
75.2
181.8
94.0
−54.9
−71.0
−68.9
−77.9
100.0
161.0
−73.0
−64.6
−67.5
26.6
25.5
48.6
41.5
32.4
27.3
14.3
−10.3
76.3
67.8
70.6
65.6
124.2
+11.6
56.1
110.1
120.5
97.3
104.8
90.7
255.8
111.8
95.4
180.1
153.0
152.5
226.3
123.7
150.7
121.2
147.2
140.4
290.0
124.0
125.0
68.6
190.8
79.5
68.2
+11.5
18.4
+7.2
17.7
+10.5
103.8
+10.4
29.7
165.8
108.5
123.2
106.6
113.0
−48.1
63.6
170.2
193.8
84.1
91.0
93.9
91.8
200.5
110.6
−44.3
−61.3
−59.1
−68.4
117.4
178.0
−63.4
−54.7
−57.6
40.0
39.2
63.4
53.4
44.1
38.1
24.5
+1.3
92.4
83.3
86.2
80.8
141.8
24.8
71.7
125.3
135.5
C4H9Cl
C4H9Cl
−49.0
−53.8
−28.9
−34.3
−18.6
−24.5
−7.4
−13.8
+5.0
−1.9
60
100
200
400
760
107.3
115.6
100.5
267.0
121.3
105.5
192.6
163.8
165.2
239.7
135.7
161.8
131.7
157.6
151.2
301.5
133.8
136.0
78.1
204.5
87.0
77.3
19.8
27.2
15.4
26.2
18.7
114.8
17.0
38.0
177.6
121.0
133.8
116.4
123.7
−41.2
73.4
183.5
207.0
94.1
100.0
104.1
102.3
213.0
121.6
−37.5
−55.1
−52.8
−62.4
127.5
188.0
−57.2
−48.4
−51.3
48.8
48.0
72.6
60.3
51.7
45.2
31.0
8.8
102.6
93.3
96.0
90.6
152.0
33.4
81.3
134.6
146.0
120.0
129.8
114.2
281.5
133.5
118.9
209.2
177.7
180.7
255.0
149.8
176.4
145.8
172.2
165.7
316.2
146.3
150.1
90.8
221.8
97.6
89.2
30.8
38.1
26.3
37.5
29.9
128.0
28.0
49.5
193.2
135.5
148.2
129.8
138.0
−31.9
85.9
198.8
224.5
107.8
112.0
117.8
116.4
229.3
135.7
−28.3
−46.8
−44.2
−54.1
141.2
202.5
−48.9
−39.8
−42.7
60.2
59.7
85.1
70.1
61.5
54.1
39.8
18.8
116.2
107.0
109.5
103.8
166.4
44.7
94.0
147.2
159.8
140.0
150.8
134.0
303.8
152.0
139.6
233.2
198.0
204.2
280.4
172.0
198.0
166.4
194.2
187.5
336.8
165.8
172.7
110.1
248.2
112.1
107.0
47.8
55.7
42.8
54.5
46.5
149.5
44.7
66.8
216.5
156.5
169.8
150.0
160.0
−17.2
106.1
224.2
251.0
127.7
133.6
138.0
137.4
253.0
156.4
−14.2
−33.9
−31.2
−41.5
161.0
222.0
−36.2
−26.8
−29.7
78.0
77.6
104.0
84.3
75.9
67.9
52.7
32.0
136.9
127.2
128.8
123.7
188.2
62.0
113.9
165.7
181.2
161.3
175.2
155.8
326.7
173.0
161.5
259.8
220.4
229.4
309.8
197.5
222.2
190.2
218.2
211.2
359.6
186.7
197.5
132.3
277.7
128.3
126.3
66.8
75.0
61.9
74.0
66.0
172.6
63.4
86.0
242.0
182.0
194.0
172.3
186.2
−1.1
127.9
252.0
280.2
150.0
157.3
160.0
160.2
278.0
181.0
+1.8
−19.3
−16.3
−27.1
183.8
243.5
−21.7
−12.0
−14.8
98.0
97.5
125.2
100.8
91.4
83.9
68.0
50.7
159.2
149.6
150.3
145.8
212.8
81.7
135.7
186.0
205.0
184.5
198.5
179.4
350.0
194.3
185.0
287.0
243.0
254.9
340.0
223.0
247.0
214.0
243.0
235.0
382.5
208.0
223.0
156.2
310.0
145.0
147.0
86.2
94.7
81.0
93.9
85.5
196.9
82.7
106.7
268.0
206.0
219.0
195.8
213.0
+15.8
150.5
281.1
311.0
173.4
181.8
183.7
184.5
305.8
206.7
18.5
−4.5
−0.5
−11.7
206.5
264.0
−6.3
+3.7
+0.9
119.0
118.0
147.4
117.5
108.0
99.5
82.9
68.6
183.1
172.8
173.5
168.5
237.0
101.6
156.9
206.5
231.2
13.0
+5.9
24.0
16.0
40.0
32.0
58.8
50.0
77.8
68.9
Temperature, °C
Formula
C7H9N
C7H7Br
C7H7Cl
C16H14O2
C7H8Cl2Si
C9H12O
C13H12O
C8H7NS
C12H10
C15H14O2
C12H20O2
C14H24O2
C11H18O2
C14H24O2
C13H22O2
C22H42O2
C2H3BrO2
C7H7BrO
C6H5Br
C12H9Br
C4H9BrO
C4H7BrO
C4H7Br
C4H7Br
C4H7Br
C4H7Br
C4H7Br
C6H4BrCl
C2H4BrCl
C2H4BrCl
C6H3BrCl2O
C8H9Br
C8H9Br
C4H8BrClO
C8H15Br
C2H3Br
CHBr3
C10H7Br
C12H9BrO
C5H4BrN
C7H7Br
C7H7Br
C7H7Br
C6H2BrCl3O
C8H9Br
C 4H 6
C 4H 6
C4H10
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O3
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H5N
C6H12O2
C7H12O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H11N
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C11H14O2
C4H9Br
C8H16O2
C5H11NO2
C8H18O3
40
84.2
100.0
16.8
24.4
14.8
10.3
112.4
37.5
−89.0
−102.8
−101.5
−109.2
22.2
102.0
−104.8
−96.4
−99.4
−19.6
−21.2
−0.5
−1.2
−9.0
−12.2
−20.4
−50.0
22.7
14.1
18.6
13.0
64.0
−33.0
+4.6
Melting
point,
°C
−4
−39
39
69.5
29
61.5
49.5
12.5
−30.7
90.5
−100.3
−133.4
−111.2
−114.6
16.6
−16.6
68
−45.0
−138
8.5
5.5
95
−28
39.8
28.5
+9.5
−108.9
−135
−145
77
−130
−138.9
−105.4
−98.9
−64.6
−79.9
−108
−114.7
25.3
−85.0
−88.0
−51.5
−75.5
−58
−112.4
65
−123.1
−131.2
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-65
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Formula
sec-Butyl chloride (2-Chlorobutane)
tert-Butyl chloride
sec-Butyl chloroacetate
2-tert-Butyl-4-cresol
4-tert-Butyl-2-cresol
iso-Butyl dichloroacetate
2,3-Butylene glycol (2,3-butanediol)
2-Butyl-2-ethylbutane-1,3-diol
2-tert-Butyl-4-ethylphenol
n-Butyl formate
iso-Butyl formate
sec-Butyl formate
sec-Butyl glycolate
iso-Butyl iodide (1-iodo-2-methylpropane)
isobutyrate
isovalerate
levulinate
naphthylketone (1-isovaleronaphthone)
2-sec-Butylphenol
2-tert-Butylphenol
4-iso-Butylphenol
4-sec-Butylphenol
4-tert-Butylphenol
2-(4-tert-Butylphenoxy)ethyl acetate
4-tert-Butylphenyl dichlorophosphate
C4H9Cl
C4H9Cl
C6H11ClO2
C11H16O
C11H16O
C6H10Cl2O2
C4H10O2
C10H22O2
C12H15O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C6H12O3
C4H9I
C8H16O2
C9H18O2
C9H16O3
C15H16O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C14H20O3
C10H13Cl2
O2P
C11H14O
C7H14O2
C12H18O
C12H18O
C12H18O
C12H18O
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H7N
C11H14O
C10H16
C10H16O2
C10H16O
C10H19N
C10H20O
C10H20O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H10O2
C6H11N
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O2
C8H15N
C12H9N
CO2
CS2
CO
COSe
COS
CBr4
CCl4
CF4
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H12O2
C2HCl3O
C2H3Cl3O2
C6Cl4O2
C2H3ClO2
C4H4Cl2O3
C6H6ClN
C6H6ClN
C6H6ClN
C6H5Cl
tert-Butyl phenyl ketone (pivalophenone)
iso-Butyl propionate
4-tert-Butyl-2,5-xylenol
4-tert-Butyl-2,6-xylenol
6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol
6-tert-Butyl-3,4-xylenol
Butyric acid
iso-Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
iso-Valerophenone
Camphene
Campholenic acid
d-Camphor
Camphylamine
Capraldehyde
Capric acid
n-Caproic acid
iso-Caproic acid
iso-Caprolactone
Capronitrile
Capryl alcohol (2-octanol)
Caprylaldehyde
Caprylic acid (octanoic acid)
Caprylonitrile
Carbazole
Carbon dioxide
disulfide
monoxide
oxyselenide (carbonyl selenide)
oxysulfide (carbonyl sulfide)
tetrabromide
tetrachloride
tetrafluoride
Carvacrol
Carvone
Chavibetol
Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde)
hydrate (trichloroacetaldehyde
hydrate)
Chloranil
Chloroacetic acid
anhydride
2-Chloroaniline
3-Chloroaniline
4-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzene
2-Chlorobenzotrichloride
(2-α,α,α-tetrachlorotoluene)
C7H4Cl4
1
5
10
20
−60.2
−39.8
−29.2
−17.7
17.0
70.0
74.3
28.6
44.0
94.1
76.3
−26.4
−32.7
−34.4
28.3
−17.0
+4.1
16.0
65.0
136.0
57.4
56.6
72.1
71.4
70.0
118.0
96.0
41.8
98.0
103.7
54.3
68.4
122.6
106.2
−4.7
−11.4
−13.3
53.6
+5.8
28.0
41.2
92.1
167.9
86.0
84.2
100.9
100.5
99.2
150.0
129.6
54.6
112.0
118.0
67.5
80.3
136.8
121.0
+6.1
−0.8
−3.1
66.0
17.0
39.9
53.8
105.9
184.0
100.8
98.1
115.5
114.8
114.0
165.8
146.0
57.8
−2.3
88.2
74.0
70.3
83.9
25.5
14.7
−20.0
58.3
85.7
+20.9
119.8
103.9
100.2
113.6
49.8
39.3
+2.1
87.0
97.6
41.5
45.3
51.9
125.0
71.4
66.2
38.3
9.2
32.8
73.4
92.3
43.0
40
60
Melting
point,
°C
100
200
400
760
31.5
+14.6
124.1
187.8
197.8
139.2
145.6
212.0
200.3
67.9
60.0
56.8
135.5
81.0
106.3
124.8
181.8
269.7
179.7
173.8
192.1
194.3
191.5
250.3
240.0
50.0
32.6
146.0
210.0
221.8
160.0
164.0
233.5
223.8
86.2
79.0
75.2
155.6
100.3
126.3
146.4
205.5
294.0
203.8
196.3
214.7
217.6
214.0
277.6
268.2
68.0
51.0
167.8
232.6
247.0
183.0
182.0
255.0
247.8
106.0
98.2
93.6
177.5
120.4
147.5
168.7
229.9
320.0
228.0
219.5
237.0
242.1
238.0
304.4
299.0
Temperature, °C
68.2
127.2
134.0
81.4
93.4
151.2
137.0
18.0
+11.0
+8.4
79.8
29.8
52.4
67.7
120.2
201.6
116.1
113.0
130.3
130.3
129.5
183.3
164.0
−5.0
−19.0
83.6
143.9
150.8
96.7
107.8
167.8
154.0
31.6
24.1
21.3
94.2
42.8
67.2
82.7
136.2
219.7
133.4
129.2
147.2
147.8
146.0
201.5
184.3
+3.4
−11.4
93.0
153.7
161.7
106.6
116.3
178.0
165.4
39.8
32.4
29.6
104.0
51.8
75.9
92.4
147.0
231.5
143.9
140.0
157.0
157.9
156.0
212.8
197.2
14.2
−1.0
105.5
167.0
176.2
119.8
127.8
191.9
179.0
51.0
43.4
40.2
116.4
63.5
88.0
105.2
160.2
246.7
157.3
153.5
171.2
172.4
170.2
228.0
214.3
125.7
68.6
74.0
78.8
142.0
89.5
83.0
66.4
34.6
57.6
92.0
114.1
67.6
99.0
32.3
135.0
119.0
115.0
127.0
61.5
51.2
13.4
101.4
47.2
139.8
82.3
83.7
92.0
152.2
99.5
94.0
80.3
47.5
70.0
101.2
124.0
80.4
114.3
44.8
151.0
135.0
131.0
143.0
74.0
64.0
25.7
116.8
60.4
153.9
97.5
97.6
106.3
165.0
111.8
107.0
95.7
61.7
83.3
110.2
136.4
94.6
130.4
58.5
169.8
152.2
148.5
159.7
88.0
77.8
38.4
133.8
75.7
170.0
114.0
112.5
122.2
179.9
125.0
120.4
112.3
76.9
98.0
120.0
150.6
110.6
−134.3
−73.8
−222.0
−117.1
−132.4
−124.4
−54.3
−217.2
−102.3
−119.8
−119.5
−44.7
−215.0
−95.0
−113.3
−114.4
−34.3
−212.8
−86.3
−106.0
−50.0
−184.6
70.0
57.4
83.6
−37.8
−9.8
−30.0
−174.1
98.4
86.1
113.3
−16.0
+10.0
−19.6
−169.3
113.2
100.4
127.0
−5.0
19.5
−8.2
−164.3
127.9
116.1
143.2
+7.2
29.2
−108.6
−22.5
−210.0
−76.4
−98.3
96.3
+4.3
−158.8
145.2
133.0
159.8
20.2
39.7
140.8
67.6
180.3
163.6
158.2
170.0
96.5
86.3
47.3
144.6
85.0
180.0
124.0
122.0
132.0
189.8
133.3
129.6
123.2
86.8
107.4
126.0
160.0
121.2
248.2
−104.8
−15.3
−208.1
−70.2
−93.0
106.3
12.3
−155.4
155.3
143.8
170.7
29.1
46.2
154.0
79.5
195.0
176.0
172.0
184.0
108.0
98.0
59.0
158.0
97.9
193.7
138.0
134.6
145.3
200.0
144.0
141.4
137.2
99.8
119.8
133.9
172.2
134.8
265.0
−100.2
−5.1
−205.7
−61.7
−85.9
119.7
23.0
−150.7
169.7
157.3
185.5
40.2
55.0
70.7
43.0
67.2
46.3
63.5
59.3
−13.0
89.3
68.3
94.1
72.3
89.8
87.9
+10.6
97.8
81.0
108.0
84.8
102.0
102.1
22.2
106.4
94.2
122.4
99.2
116.7
117.8
35.3
116.1
109.2
138.2
115.6
133.6
135.0
49.7
122.0
118.3
148.0
125.7
144.1
145.8
58.3
129.5
130.7
159.8
139.5
158.0
159.9
70.7
140.3
149.0
177.8
160.0
179.5
182.3
89.4
151.3
169.0
197.0
183.7
203.5
206.6
110.0
162.6
189.5
217.0
208.8
228.5
230.5
132.2
290
61.2
46
0
−10.4
70.5
−45.2
69.0
101.8
117.9
135.8
155.0
167.8
185.0
208.0
233.0
262.1
28.7
175.0
197.7
220.0
97.0
116.4
136.8
217.5
241.3
265.3
196.0
217.8
239.8
192.3
214.2
236.5
204.5
226.7
249.5
125.5
144.5
163.5
115.8
134.5
154.5
76.7
96.8
117.5
180.1
204.2
228.0
117.5
138.7
160.5
212.7
234.0
256.0
157.9
182.0
209.2
153.0
173.8
195.0
164.8
186.3
208.5
217.1
240.3
268.4
160.8
181.0
202.0
158.3
181.0
207.7
157.8
182.1
207.0
119.7
141.0
163.7
138.0
157.5
178.5
145.4
156.5
168.5
190.3
213.9
237.5
155.2
179.5
204.5
292.5
323.0
354.8
−93.0 −85.7 −78.2
+10.4
28.0
46.5
−201.3 −196.3 −191.3
−49.8 −35.6 −21.9
−75.0 −62.7 −49.9
139.7
163.5
189.5
38.3
57.8
76.7
−143.6 −135.5 −127.7
191.2
213.8
237.0
179.6
203.5
227.5
206.8
229.8
254.0
57.8
77.5
97.7
68.0
82.1
96.2
−131.3
−26.5
22.5
−95.3
−90.7
−80.7
99
−71
−74
−47
50
178.5
31.5
−1.5
−35
−38.6
16
244.8
−57.5
−110.8
−205.0
−138.8
90.1
−22.6
−183.7
+0.5
−57
51.7
(Continued )
2-66
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
2-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene)
2-Chlorobiphenyl
4-Chlorobiphenyl
α-Chlorocrotonic acid
Chlorodifluoromethane
Chlorodimethylphenylsilane
1-Chloro-2-ethoxybenzene
2-(2-Chloroethoxy) ethanol
bis-2-Chloroethyl acetacetal
1-Chloro-2-ethylbenzene
1-Chloro-3-ethylbenzene
1-Chloro-4-ethylbenzene
2-Chloroethyl chloroacetate
2-Chloroethyl 2-chloroisopropyl ether
2-Chloroethyl 2-chloropropyl ether
2-Chloroethyl α-methylbenzyl ether
Chloroform (trichloromethane)
1-Chloronaphthalene
4-Chlorophenethyl alcohol
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenol
2-Chloro-3-phenylphenol
2-Chloro-6-phenylphenol
Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane)
1-Chloropropene
2-Chloropyridine
3-Chlorostyrene
4-Chlorostyrene
1-Chlorotetradecane
2-Chlorotoluene
3-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
Chlorotriethylsilane
1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene
Chlorotrifluoromethane
Chlorotrimethylsilane
trans-Cinnamic acid
Cinnamyl alcohol
Cinnamylaldehyde
Citraconic anhydride
cis-α-Citral
d-Citronellal
Citronellic acid
Citronellol
Citronellyl acetate
Coumarin
o-Cresol (2-cresol; 2-methylphenol)
m-Cresol (3-cresol; 3-methylphenol)
p-Cresol (4-cresol; 4-methylphenol)
cis-Crotonic acid
trans-Crotonic acid
cis-Crotononitrile
trans-Crotononitrile
Cumene
4-Cumidene
Cuminal
Cuminyl alcohol
2-Cyano-2-n-butyl acetate
Cyanogen
bromide
chloride
iodide
Cyclobutane
Cyclobutene
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexaneethanol
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
Cyclopentane
Cyclopropane
Cymene
1
5
10
20
60
100
200
400
760
88.3
197.0
212.5
155.9
−76.4
124.7
141.8
139.5
150.7
110.0
113.6
116.0
140.0
115.8
125.6
164.8
10.4
180.4
188.1
106.0
143.0
150.0
237.0
237.1
53.8
−15.1
104.6
121.2
122.0
215.5
94.7
96.3
96.6
82.3
−66.7
−111.7
+6.0
232.4
177.8
177.7
145.4
160.0
140.1
195.4
159.8
161.0
216.5
127.4
138.0
140.0
116.3
128.0
50.1
62.8
88.1
158.0
160.0
176.2
133.8
−51.8
22.6
−24.9
97.6
−32.8
−41.2
25.5
142.7
103.7
90.4
229.0
−1.3
−70.0
110.8
108.3
219.6
237.8
173.8
−65.8
145.5
162.0
157.2
169.8
130.2
133.8
137.0
159.8
135.7
146.3
186.3
25.9
204.2
210.0
126.4
164.8
172.0
261.3
261.6
71.8
+1.3
125.0
142.2
143.5
240.3
115.0
116.6
117.1
101.6
−55.0
−102.5
21.9
253.3
199.8
199.3
165.8
181.8
160.0
214.5
179.8
178.8
240.0
146.7
157.3
157.3
133.9
146.0
68.0
81.1
107.3
180.0
182.8
197.9
152.2
−42.6
33.8
−14.1
111.5
−18.9
−27.8
42.0
161.7
121.7
110.3
248.7
+13.8
−59.1
131.4
130.0
243.8
264.5
193.2
−53.6
168.6
185.5
176.5
190.5
152.2
156.7
159.8
182.2
156.5
169.8
210.8
42.7
230.8
234.5
149.8
188.7
196.0
289.4
289.5
91.8
18.0
147.7
165.7
166.0
267.5
137.1
139.7
139.8
123.6
−41.7
−92.7
39.4
276.7
224.6
222.4
189.8
205.0
183.8
236.6
201.0
197.8
264.7
168.4
179.0
179.4
152.2
165.5
88.0
101.5
129.2
203.2
206.7
221.7
173.4
−33.0
46.0
−2.3
126.1
−3.4
−12.2
60.8
183.5
141.4
132.5
269.8
31.0
−46.9
153.5
152.2
267.5
292.9
212.0
−40.8
193.5
208.0
196.0
212.6
177.6
181.1
184.3
205.0
180.0
194.1
235.0
61.3
259.3
259.3
174.5
214.0
220.0
317.5
317.0
111.9
37.0
170.2
190.0
191.0
296.0
159.3
162.3
162.3
146.3
−27.9
−81.2
57.9
300.0
250.0
246.0
213.5
228.0
206.5
257.0
221.5
217.0
291.0
190.8
202.8
201.8
171.9
185.0
108.0
122.8
152.4
227.0
232.0
246.6
195.2
−21.0
61.5
+13.1
141.1
+12.9
+2.4
80.7
205.4
161.0
155.6
291.5
49.3
−33.5
177.2
Temperature, °C
Formula
C7H4ClF3
C12H9Cl
C12H9Cl
C4H5ClO2
CHClF2
C8H11ClSi
C8H9ClO
C4H9ClO2
C6H12Cl2O2
C8H9Cl
C8H9Cl
C8H9Cl
C4H6Cl2O2
C5H10Cl2O
C5H10Cl2O
C10H13ClO
CHCl3
C10H7Cl
C8H9ClO
C6H5ClO
C6H5ClO
C6H5ClO
C12H9ClO
C12H9ClO
CCl3NO2
C3H5Cl
C5H4ClN
C8H7Cl
C8H7Cl
C14H29Cl
C7H7Cl
C7H7Cl
C7H7Cl
C6H15ClSi
C2ClF3
CClF3
C3H9ClSi
C9H8O2
C9H10O
C9H8O
C5H4O3
C10H16O
C10H18O
C10H18O2
C10H20O
C12H22O2
C9H6O2
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H5N
C4H5N
C9H12
C9H13N
C10H12O
C10H14O
C7H11NO2
C2N2
CBrN
CClN
CIN
C4H8
C4H6
C6H12
C8H16O
C6H12O
C6H10O
C12H14N2O5
C5H10
C3H6
C10H14
40
0.0
89.3
96.4
70.0
−122.8
29.8
45.8
53.0
56.2
17.2
18.6
19.2
46.0
24.7
29.8
62.3
−58.0
80.6
84.0
12.1
44.2
49.8
118.0
119.8
−25.5
−81.3
13.3
25.3
28.0
98.5
+5.4
+4.8
+5.5
−4.9
−116.0
−149.5
−62.8
127.5
72.6
76.1
47.1
61.7
44.0
99.5
66.4
74.7
106.0
38.2
52.0
53.0
33.5
24.7
109.8
129.8
95.6
−110.2
56.7
72.8
78.3
83.7
43.0
45.2
46.4
72.1
50.1
56.5
91.4
−39.1
104.8
114.3
38.2
72.0
78.2
152.2
153.7
−3.3
−63.4
38.8
51.3
54.5
131.8
30.6
30.3
31.0
+19.8
−102.5
−139.2
−43.6
157.8
102.5
105.8
74.8
90.0
71.4
127.3
93.6
100.2
137.8
64.0
76.0
76.5
57.4
−29.0
−19.5
+2.9
60.0
58.0
74.2
42.0
−95.8
−35.7
−76.7
25.2
−92.0
−99.1
−45.3
50.4
21.0
+1.4
132.8
−68.0
−116.8
17.3
−7.1
+3.5
26.8
88.2
87.3
103.7
68.7
−83.2
−18.3
−61.4
47.2
−76.0
−83.4
−25.4
77.2
44.0
26.4
161.8
−49.6
−104.2
43.9
37.1
134.7
146.0
108.0
−103.7
70.0
86.5
90.7
97.6
56.1
58.1
60.0
86.0
63.0
70.0
106.0
−29.7
118.6
129.0
51.2
86.1
92.2
169.7
170.7
+7.8
−54.1
51.7
65.2
67.5
148.2
43.2
43.2
43.8
32.0
−95.9
−134.1
−34.0
173.0
117.8
120.0
88.9
103.9
84.8
141.4
107.0
113.0
153.4
76.7
87.8
88.6
69.0
80.0
+4.0
15.0
38.3
102.2
102.0
118.0
82.0
−76.8
−10.0
−53.8
57.7
−67.9
−75.4
−15.9
90.0
56.0
38.7
175.9
−40.4
−97.5
57.0
50.6
151.2
164.0
121.2
−96.5
84.7
101.5
104.1
112.2
70.3
73.0
75.5
100.0
77.2
84.8
121.8
−19.0
134.4
145.0
65.9
101.7
108.1
186.7
189.8
20.0
−44.0
65.8
80.0
82.0
166.2
56.9
57.4
57.8
45.5
−88.2
−128.5
−23.2
189.5
133.7
135.7
103.8
119.4
99.8
155.6
121.5
126.0
170.0
90.5
101.4
102.3
82.0
93.0
16.4
27.8
51.5
117.8
117.9
133.8
96.2
−70.1
−1.0
−46.1
68.6
−58.7
−66.6
−5.0
104.0
68.8
52.5
191.2
−30.1
−90.3
71.1
65.9
169.9
183.8
135.6
−88.6
101.2
117.8
118.4
127.8
86.2
89.2
91.8
116.0
92.4
101.5
139.6
−7.1
153.2
162.0
82.0
118.0
125.0
207.4
208.2
33.8
−32.7
81.7
96.5
98.0
187.0
72.0
73.0
73.5
60.2
−79.7
−121.9
−11.4
207.1
151.0
152.2
120.3
135.9
116.1
171.9
137.2
140.5
189.0
105.8
116.0
117.7
96.0
107.8
30.0
41.8
66.1
134.2
135.2
150.3
111.8
−62.7
+8.6
−37.5
80.3
−48.4
−56.4
+6.7
119.8
83.0
67.8
206.7
−18.6
−82.3
87.0
75.4
182.1
196.0
144.4
−83.4
111.5
127.8
127.5
138.0
96.4
99.6
102.0
126.2
102.2
111.8
150.0
+0.5
165.6
173.5
92.0
129.4
136.1
219.6
220.0
42.3
−25.1
91.6
107.2
108.5
199.8
81.8
83.2
83.3
69.5
−74.1
−117.3
−4.0
217.8
162.0
163.7
131.3
146.3
126.2
182.1
147.2
149.7
200.5
115.5
125.8
127.0
104.5
116.7
38.5
50.9
75.4
145.0
146.0
161.7
121.5
−57.9
14.7
−32.1
88.0
−41.8
−50.0
14.7
129.8
91.8
77.5
216.0
−11.3
−77.0
97.2
Melting
point,
°C
−6.0
34
75.5
−160
−80.2
−53.3
−62.6
−63.5
−20
7
32.5
42
+6
−64
−99.0
−15.0
+0.9
+7.3
−157.5
133
33
−7.5
70
30.8
10.9
35.5
15.5
72
−96.0
−34.4
58
−6.5
−50
+6.6
23.9
−45.0
−93.7
−126.6
−68.2
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-67
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
cis-Decalin
trans-Decalin
Decane
Decan-2-one
1-Decene
Decyl alcohol
Decyltrimethylsilane
Dehydroacetic acid
Desoxybenzoin
Diacetamide
Diacetylene (1,3-butadiyne)
Diallyldichlorosilane
Diallyl sulfide
Diisoamyl ether
oxalate
sulfide
Dibenzylamine
Dibenzyl ketone (1,3-diphenyl2-propanone)
1,4-Dibromobenzene
1,2-Dibromobutane
dl-2,3-Dibromobutane
meso-2,3-Dibromobutane
1,2-Dibromodecane
Di(2-bromoethyl) ether
α,β-Dibromomaleic anhydride
1,2-Dibromo-2-methylpropane
1,3-Dibromo-2-methylpropane
1,2-Dibromopentane
1,2-Dibromopropane
1,3-Dibromopropane
2,3-Dibromopropene
2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol
Diisobutylamine
2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-cresol
4,6-Ditert-butyl-2-cresol
4,6-Ditert-butyl-3-cresol
2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-ethylphenol
4,6-Ditert-butyl-3-ethylphenol
Diisobutyl oxalate
2,4-Ditert-butylphenol
Dibutyl phthalate
sulfide
Diisobutyl d-tartrate
Dicarvacryl-mono-(6-chloro-2-xenyl)
phosphate
Dicarvacryl-2-tolyl phosphate
Dichloroacetic acid
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobutane
2,3-Dichlorobutane
1,2-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Dichlorodiphenyl silane
Dichlorodiisopropyl ether
Di(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Dichloroethoxymethylsilane
1,2-Dichloro-3-ethylbenzene
1,2-Dichloro-4-ethylbenzene
1,4-Dichloro-2-ethylbenzene
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloro ethylene
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Dichlorofluoromethane
1,5-Dichlorohexamethyltrisiloxane
Dichloromethylphenylsilane
1,1-Dichloro-2-methylpropane
1,2-Dichloro-2-methylpropane
1,3-Dichloro-2-methylpropane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
1
5
10
20
40
C10H18
C10H18
C10H22
C10H20O
C10H20
C10H22O
C13H30Si
C8H8O4
C14H12O
C4H7NO2
C4H2
C6H10Cl2Si
C6H10S
C10H22O
C12H22O4
C10H22S
C14H15N
C15H14O
22.5
−0.8
16.5
44.2
14.7
69.5
67.4
91.7
123.3
70.0
−82.5
+9.5
−9.5
18.6
85.4
43.0
118.3
125.5
50.1
+30.6
42.3
71.9
40.3
97.3
96.4
122.0
156.2
95.0
−68.0
34.8
+14.4
44.3
116.0
73.0
149.8
159.8
64.2
47.2
55.7
85.8
53.7
111.3
111.0
137.3
173.5
108.0
−61.2
47.4
26.6
57.0
131.4
87.6
165.6
177.6
79.8
65.3
69.8
100.7
67.8
125.8
126.5
153.0
192.0
122.6
−53.8
61.3
39.7
70.7
147.7
102.7
182.2
195.7
97.2
85.7
85.5
117.1
83.3
142.1
144.0
171.0
212.0
138.2
−45.9
76.4
54.2
86.3
165.7
120.0
200.2
216.6
C6H4Br2
C4H8Br2
C4H8Br2
C4H8Br2
C10H20Br2
C4H8Br2O
C4H2Br2O3
C4H8Br2
C4H8Br2
C5H10Br2
C3H6Br2
C3H6Br2
C3H4Br2
C3H6Br2O
C8H19N
C15H24O
C15H24O
C15H24O
C16H26O
C16H26O
C10H18O4
C14H22O
C16H22O4
C8H18S
C12H22O6
C32H34ClO4P
61.0
7.5
+5.0
+1.5
95.7
47.7
50.0
−28.8
14.0
19.8
−7.0
+9.7
−6.0
57.0
−5.1
85.8
86.2
103.7
89.1
111.5
63.2
84.5
148.2
+21.7
117.8
204.2
79.3
33.2
30.0
26.6
123.6
75.3
78.0
−3.0
40.0
45.4
+17.3
35.4
+17.9
84.5
+18.4
116.2
117.3
135.2
121.4
142.6
91.2
115.4
182.1
51.8
151.8
234.5
87.7
46.1
41.6
39.3
137.3
88.5
92.0
+10.5
53.0
58.0
29.4
48.0
30.0
98.2
30.6
131.0
132.4
150.0
137.0
157.4
105.3
130.0
198.2
66.4
169.0
249.3
103.6
60.0
56.4
53.2
151.0
103.6
106.7
25.7
67.5
72.0
42.3
62.1
43.2
113.5
43.7
147.0
149.0
167.0
154.0
174.0
120.3
146.0
216.2
80.5
188.0
264.5
C27H33O4P
C2H2Cl2O2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C4H8Cl2
C4H8Cl2
C2Cl2F2
CCl2F2
C12H10Cl2Si
C6H12Cl2O
C5H10Cl2O2
C8H8Cl2OSi
C8H8Cl2
C8H8Cl2
C8H8Cl2
C2H2Cl2
C2H2Cl2
C4H8Cl2O
CHCl2F
C6H18Cl2
O2Si3
C7H8Cl2Si
C4H8Cl2
C4H8Cl2
C4H8Cl2
C6H4Cl2O
C6H4Cl2O
180.2
44.0
20.0
12.1
209.3
69.8
46.0
39.0
−23.6
−25.2
−82.0
−118.5
109.6
29.6
53.0
−33.8
46.0
47.0
38.5
−58.4
−65.4
23.5
−91.3
26.0
−0.3
−3.0
−65.6
−104.6
142.4
55.2
80.4
−12.1
75.0
77.2
68.0
−39.2
−47.2
49.3
−75.5
52.0
221.8
82.6
59.1
52.0
54.8
+11.5
+8.5
−57.3
−97.8
158.0
68.2
94.0
−1.3
90.0
92.3
83.2
−29.9
−38.0
62.0
−67.5
65.1
35.7
−31.0
−25.8
−3.0
53.0
59.5
63.5
−8.4
−4.2
+20.6
80.0
87.6
77.4
+2.6
+6.7
32.0
92.8
101.0
60
Melting
point,
°C
100
200
400
760
108.0
98.4
95.5
127.8
93.5
152.0
154.3
181.5
224.5
148.0
−41.0
86.3
63.7
96.0
177.0
130.6
212.2
229.4
123.2
114.6
108.6
142.0
106.5
165.8
169.5
197.5
241.3
160.6
−34.0
99.7
75.8
109.6
192.2
145.3
227.3
246.6
145.4
136.2
128.4
163.2
126.7
186.2
191.0
219.5
265.2
180.8
−20.9
119.4
94.8
129.0
215.0
166.4
249.8
272.3
169.9
160.1
150.6
186.7
149.2
208.8
215.5
244.5
293.0
202.0
−6.1
142.0
116.1
150.3
240.0
191.0
274.3
301.7
194.6
186.7
174.1
211.0
172.0
231.0
240.0
269.0
321.0
223.0
+9.7
165.3
138.6
173.4
265.0
216.0
300.0
330.5
120.8
76.0
72.0
68.0
167.4
119.8
123.5
42.3
83.5
87.4
57.2
77.8
57.8
129.8
57.8
164.1
167.4
185.3
172.1
192.3
137.5
164.3
235.8
96.0
208.5
280.5
131.6
86.0
82.0
78.0
177.5
130.0
133.8
53.7
93.7
97.4
66.4
87.8
67.0
140.0
67.0
175.2
179.0
196.1
183.9
204.4
147.8
175.8
247.8
105.8
221.6
290.7
146.5
99.8
95.3
91.7
190.2
144.0
147.7
68.8
107.4
110.1
78.7
101.3
79.5
153.0
79.2
190.0
194.0
211.0
198.0
218.0
161.8
190.0
263.7
118.6
239.5
304.9
168.5
120.2
115.7
111.8
209.6
165.0
168.0
92.1
117.8
130.2
97.8
121.7
98.0
173.8
97.6
212.8
217.5
233.0
220.0
241.7
183.5
212.5
287.0
138.0
264.7
323.8
192.5
143.5
138.0
134.2
229.8
188.0
192.0
119.8
150.6
151.8
118.5
144.1
119.5
196.0
118.0
237.6
243.4
257.1
244.0
264.6
205.8
237.0
313.5
159.0
294.0
342.0
218.6
166.3
160.5
157.3
250.4
212.5
215.0
149.0
174.6
175.0
141.6
167.5
141.2
219.0
139.5
262.5
269.3
282.0
268.6
290.0
229.5
260.8
340.0
182.0
324.0
361.0
237.0
96.3
73.4
66.2
69.2
24.5
21.2
−48.3
−90.1
176.0
82.2
109.5
+11.3
105.9
109.6
99.8
−19.4
−28.0
76.0
−58.6
79.0
251.5
111.8
89.4
82.0
84.8
37.7
35.0
−38.2
−81.6
195.5
97.3
125.5
24.4
123.8
127.5
118.0
−7.9
−17.0
91.5
−48.8
94.8
260.3
121.5
99.5
92.2
95.2
47.8
43.9
−31.8
−76.1
207.5
106.9
135.8
32.6
135.0
139.0
129.0
−0.5
−10.0
101.5
−42.6
105.0
272.5
134.0
112.9
105.0
108.4
60.2
56.0
−23.0
−68.6
223.8
119.7
149.6
44.1
149.8
153.3
144.0
+9.5
−0.2
114.5
−33.9
118.2
290.0
152.3
133.4
125.9
128.3
79.7
74.0
−10.0
−57.0
248.0
139.0
170.0
61.0
172.0
176.0
166.2
24.6
+14.3
134.0
−20.9
138.3
309.8
173.7
155.8
149.0
150.2
100.8
94.2
+5.0
−43.9
275.5
159.8
192.0
80.3
197.0
201.7
191.5
41.0
30.8
155.4
−6.2
160.2
330.0
194.4
179.0
173.0
173.9
123.5
116.0
20.9
−29.8
304.0
182.7
215.0
100.6
222.1
226.6
216.3
59.0
47.8
178.5
+8.9
184.0
92.4
14.6
18.7
44.8
107.7
115.5
109.5
28.2
32.0
58.6
123.4
131.6
120.0
37.0
40.2
67.5
133.5
141.8
134.2
48.2
51.7
78.8
146.0
154.6
155.5
65.8
68.9
96.1
165.2
175.5
180.2
85.4
87.8
115.4
187.5
197.7
205.5
106.0
108.0
135.0
210.0
220.0
Temperature, °C
Formula
−43.3
−30.7
−29.7
+3.5
+7
60
78.5
−34.9
−83
−26
34.5
87.5
−64.5
−34.5
−70.3
−55.5
−34.4
−70
−79.7
73.5
9.7
−17.6
−24.2
53.0
−80.4
−112
−40.8
−76.4
−61.2
−80.5
−50.0
−135
−53.0
45.0
(Continued )
2-68
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
α,α-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile
Dichlorophenylarsine
1,2-Dichloropropane
2,3-Dichlorostyrene
2,4-Dichlorostyrene
2,5-Dichlorostyrene
2,6-Dichlorostyrene
3,4-Dichlorostyrene
3,5-Dichlorostyrene
1,2-Dichlorotetraethylbenzene
1,4-Dichlorotetraethylbenzene
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
Dichloro-4-tolylsilane
3,4-Dichloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene
Dicyclopentadiene
Diethoxydimethylsilane
Diethoxydiphenylsilane
Diethyl adipate
Diethylamine
N-Diethylaniline
Diethyl arsanilate
1,2-Diethylbenzene
1,3-Diethylbenzene
1,4-Diethylbenzene
Diethyl carbonate
cis-Diethyl citraconate
Diethyl dioxosuccinate
Diethylene glycol
Diethyleneglycol-bis-chloroacetate
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Di(2-methoxyethyl) ether
glycol ethyl ether
Diethyl ether
ethylmalonate
fumarate
glutarate
Diethylhexadecylamine
Diethyl itaconate
ketone (3-pentanone)
malate
maleate
malonate
mesaconate
oxalate
phthalate
sebacate
2,5-Diethylstyrene
Diethyl succinate
isosuccinate
sulfate
sulfide
sulfite
d-Diethyl tartrate
dl-Diethyl tartrate
3,5-Diethyltoluene
Diethylzinc
1-Dihydrocarvone
Dihydrocitronellol
1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone
Dimethylacetylene (2-butyne)
Dimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline
Dimethyl arsanilate
Di(α-methylbenzyl) ether
2,2-Dimethylbutane
2,3-Dimethylbutane
Dimethyl citraconate
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane
1
5
10
20
40
C8H5Cl2N
C6H5AsCl2
C3H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C14H20Cl2
C14H20Cl2
C2Cl2F4
C7H8Cl2Si
C7H3Cl2F3
C10H8
C6H16O2Si
C16H20O2Si
C10H18O4
C4H11N
C10H15N
C10H16As
NO3
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C5H10O3
C9H14O4
C8H10O6
C4H10O3
C8H12Cl2O5
56.0
61.8
−38.5
61.0
53.5
55.5
47.8
57.2
53.5
105.6
91.7
−95.4
46.2
11.0
−19.1
111.5
74.0
84.0
100.0
−17.0
90.1
82.2
83.9
75.7
86.0
82.2
138.7
126.1
−80.0
71.7
38.3
34.1
+2.4
142.8
106.6
49.7
78.0
98.1
116.0
−6.1
104.6
97.4
98.2
90.0
100.4
97.4
155.0
143.8
−72.3
84.2
52.2
47.6
13.3
157.6
123.0
−33.0
91.9
113.8
133.1
+6.0
120.5
111.8
114.0
105.5
116.2
111.8
172.5
162.0
−63.5
97.8
67.3
62.0
25.3
174.3
138.3
−22.6
107.2
130.0
151.0
19.4
137.8
129.2
131.0
122.4
133.7
129.2
192.2
183.2
−53.7
113.2
84.0
77.9
38.0
193.2
154.6
−11.3
123.6
38.0
22.3
20.7
20.7
−10.1
59.8
70.0
91.8
148.3
62.6
48.7
46.8
47.1
+12.3
88.3
98.0
120.0
180.0
74.8
62.0
59.9
60.3
23.8
103.0
112.0
133.8
195.8
88.0
76.4
74.5
74.7
36.0
118.2
126.8
148.0
212.0
C6H14O3
C6H14O3
C4H10O
C9H16O4
C8H12O4
C9H16O4
C20H43N
C9H14O4
C5H10O
C8H14O5
C8H12O4
C7H12O4
C9H14O4
C6H10O4
C12H14O4
C14H26O4
C12H16
C8H14O4
C8H14O4
C4H10O4S
C4H10S
C4H10O3S
C8H14O6
C8H14O6
C11H16
C4H10Zn
C10H16O
C10H22O
C14H8O4
C4H6
C2H7N
C8H11N
C8H12AsNO3
C16H18O
C6H14
C6H14
C7H10O4
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
13.0
45.3
−74.3
50.8
53.2
65.6
139.8
51.3
−12.7
80.7
57.3
40.0
62.8
47.4
108.8
125.3
49.7
54.6
39.8
47.0
−39.6
10.0
102.0
100.0
34.0
−22.4
46.6
68.0
196.7
−73.0
−87.7
29.5
15.0
96.7
−69.3
−63.6
50.8
−24.4
−15.9
−21.1
−19.4
−22.7
−20.0
−24.3
37.6
72.0
−56.9
77.8
81.2
94.7
175.8
80.2
+7.5
110.4
85.6
67.5
91.0
71.8
140.7
156.2
78.4
83.0
66.7
74.0
−18.6
34.2
133.0
131.7
61.5
0.0
75.5
91.7
239.8
−57.9
−72.2
56.3
39.6
128.3
−50.7
−44.5
78.2
−1.4
+7.3
+1.7
+3.4
0.0
+3.2
−1.7
50.0
85.8
−48.1
91.6
95.3
109.7
194.0
95.2
17.2
125.3
100.0
81.3
105.3
83.8
156.0
172.1
92.6
96.6
80.0
87.7
−8.0
46.4
148.0
147.2
75.3
+11.7
90.0
103.0
259.8
−50.5
−64.6
70.0
51.8
144.0
−41.5
−34.9
91.8
+10.3
18.4
13.0
14.9
+11.2
14.5
+10.1
63.0
100.3
−38.5
106.0
110.2
125.4
213.5
111.0
27.9
141.2
115.3
95.9
120.3
96.8
173.6
189.8
108.5
111.7
94.7
102.1
+3.5
59.7
164.2
163.8
90.2
24.2
106.0
115.0
282.0
−42.5
−56.0
84.8
65.0
160.3
−31.1
−24.1
106.5
23.0
31.1
25.6
27.4
23.6
27.1
22.6
60
100
200
400
760
141.0
163.2
28.0
149.0
140.0
142.0
133.3
144.6
140.0
204.8
195.8
−47.5
122.6
95.0
88.0
46.3
205.0
165.8
−4.0
133.8
154.5
178.9
39.4
163.5
153.8
155.8
147.6
158.2
153.8
220.7
212.0
−39.1
135.5
109.2
101.7
57.6
220.0
179.0
+6.0
147.3
176.2
202.8
57.0
185.7
176.0
178.0
169.0
181.5
176.0
245.6
238.5
−26.3
153.5
129.0
121.8
74.2
243.8
198.2
21.0
168.2
199.5
228.8
76.0
210.0
200.0
202.5
193.5
205.7
200.0
272.8
265.8
−12.0
175.2
150.5
144.2
93.2
259.7
219.1
38.0
192.4
223.5
256.5
96.8
235.0
225.0
227.0
217.0
230.0
225.0
302.0
296.5
+3.5
196.3
172.8
166.6
113.5
296.0
240.0
55.5
215.5
102.6
92.5
90.4
91.1
49.5
135.7
143.8
164.3
229.0
111.8
102.6
100.7
101.3
57.9
146.2
153.7
174.0
239.5
123.8
116.2
114.4
115.3
69.7
160.0
167.7
187.5
252.0
141.9
136.7
134.8
136.1
86.5
182.3
188.0
207.0
271.5
161.0
159.0
156.9
159.0
105.8
206.5
210.8
226.5
291.8
181.0
183.5
181.1
183.8
125.8
230.3
233.5
244.8
313.0
77.5
116.7
27.7
122.4
126.7
142.8
235.0
128.2
39.4
157.8
131.8
113.3
137.3
110.6
192.1
207.5
125.8
127.8
111.0
118.0
16.1
74.2
182.3
181.7
107.0
38.0
123.7
127.6
307.4
−33.9
−46.7
101.6
79.7
179.6
−19.5
−12.4
122.6
37.3
45.3
39.7
41.4
37.5
41.1
36.5
86.8
126.8
−21.8
132.4
137.7
153.2
248.5
139.9
46.7
169.0
142.4
123.0
147.9
119.7
204.1
218.4
136.8
138.2
121.4
128.6
24.2
83.8
194.0
193.2
117.7
47.2
134.7
136.7
323.3
−27.8
−40.7
111.9
88.6
191.5
−12.1
−4.9
132.7
45.7
54.4
48.7
50.4
46.4
50.1
45.4
99.5
140.3
−11.5
146.0
151.1
167.8
265.5
154.3
56.2
183.9
156.0
136.2
161.6
130.8
219.5
234.4
151.0
151.1
134.8
142.5
35.0
96.3
208.5
208.0
131.7
59.1
149.7
145.9
344.5
−18.8
−32.6
125.8
101.0
206.8
−2.0
+5.4
145.8
57.9
66.8
61.0
62.5
58.5
62.3
57.6
118.0
159.0
+2.2
166.0
172.2
189.5
292.8
177.5
70.6
205.3
177.8
155.5
183.2
147.9
243.0
255.8
173.2
171.7
155.1
162.5
51.3
115.8
230.4
230.0
152.4
77.0
171.8
160.2
377.8
−5.0
−20.4
146.5
119.8
229.7
+13.4
21.1
165.8
76.2
85.6
79.6
81.0
76.9
80.8
76.0
138.5
180.3
17.9
188.7
195.8
212.8
324.6
203.1
86.3
229.5
201.7
176.8
205.8
166.2
267.5
280.3
198.0
193.8
177.7
185.5
69.7
137.0
254.8
254.3
176.5
97.3
197.0
176.8
413.0
+10.6
−7.1
169.2
140.3
254.8
31.0
39.0
188.0
97.2
107.0
100.9
102.1
97.8
101.9
97.0
159.8
201.9
34.6
211.5
218.5
237.0
355.0
227.9
102.7
253.4
225.0
198.9
229.0
185.7
294.0
305.5
223.0
216.5
201.3
209.5
88.0
159.0
280.0
280.0
200.7
118.0
223.0
193.5
450.0
27.2
+7.4
193.1
160.5
281.0
49.7
58.0
210.5
119.5
129.7
123.4
124.4
120.1
124.3
119.3
Temperature, °C
Formula
Melting
point,
°C
−94
−12.1
32.9
−21
−38.9
−34.4
−31.4
−83.9
−43.2
−43
−116.3
+0.6
−42
−49.8
−40.6
1.3
−20.8
−25.0
−99.5
17
−28
194
−32.5
−96
+2.5
−99.8
−128.2
−34
−50.0
−88.0
−92.0
−76.2
−87.4
−36.9
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-69
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Dimethyl ether
2,2-Dimethylhexane
2,3-Dimethylhexane
2,4-Dimethylhexane
2,5-Dimethylhexane
3,3-Dimethylhexane
3,4-Dimethylhexane
Dimethyl itaconate
1-Dimethyl malate
Dimethyl maleate
malonate
trans-Dimethyl mesaconate
2,7-Dimethyloctane
Dimethyl oxalate
2,2-Dimethylpentane
2,3-Dimethylpentane
2,4-Dimethylpentane
3,3-Dimethylpentane
2,3-Dimethylphenol (2,3-xylenol)
2,4-Dimethylphenol (2,4-xylenol)
2,5-Dimethylphenol (2,5-xylenol)
3,4-Dimethylphenol (3,4-xylenol)
3,5-Dimethylphenol (3,5-xylenol)
Dimethylphenylsilane
Dimethyl phthalate
3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-pyrone
4,6-Dimethylresorcinol
Dimethyl sebacate
2,4-Dimethylstyrene
2,5-Dimethylstyrene
α,α-Dimethylsuccinic anhydride
Dimethyl sulfide
d-Dimethyl tartrate
dl-Dimethyl tartrate
N,N-Dimethyl-2-toluidine
N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine
Di(nitrosomethyl) amine
Diosphenol
1,4-Dioxane
Dipentene
Diphenylamine
Diphenyl carbinol (benzhydrol)
chlorophosphate
disulfide
1,2-Diphenylethane (dibenzyl)
Diphenyl ether
1,1-Diphenylethylene
trans-Diphenylethylene
1,1-Diphenylhydrazine
Diphenylmethane
Diphenyl sulfide
Diphenyl-2-tolyl thiophosphate
1,2-Dipropoxyethane
1,2-Diisopropylbenzene
1,3-Diisopropylbenzene
Dipropylene glycol
Dipropyleneglycol monobutyl ether
isopropyl ether
Di-n-propyl ether
Diisopropyl ether
Di-n-propyl ketone (4-heptanone)
Di-n-propyl oxalate
Diisopropyl oxalate
Di-n-propyl succinate
Di-n-propyl d-tartrate
Diisopropyl d-tartrate
Divinyl acetylene (1,5-hexadiene-3-yne)
1,3-Divinylbenzene
Docosane
n-Dodecane
1-Dodecene
n-Dodecyl alcohol
Dodecylamine
Dodecyltrimethylsilane
Elaidic acid
1
5
10
20
40
−101.1
−7.9
−1.1
−5.3
−5.5
−4.4
+0.2
94.0
104.0
73.0
59.8
74.0
30.5
44.0
−28.7
−20.8
−27.4
−25.0
83.8
78.0
78.0
93.8
89.2
30.3
131.8
107.6
76.8
139.8
61.9
55.9
88.1
−58.0
133.2
131.8
54.1
74.3
27.8
95.4
−12.8
40.4
141.7
145.0
160.5
164.0
119.8
97.8
119.6
145.8
159.3
107.4
129.0
179.8
−10.3
67.8
62.3
102.1
92.0
72.8
−22.3
−37.4
44.4
80.2
69.0
107.6
147.7
133.7
−24.4
60.0
195.4
75.8
74.0
120.2
111.8
122.1
206.7
−93.3
+3.1
+9.9
+5.2
+5.3
+6.1
11.3
106.6
118.3
86.4
72.0
87.8
42.3
56.0
−18.7
−10.3
−17.1
−14.4
97.6
91.3
91.3
107.7
102.4
42.6
147.6
122.0
90.7
156.2
75.8
69.0
102.0
−49.2
148.2
147.5
66.2
86.7
40.0
109.0
−1.2
53.8
157.0
162.0
182.0
180.0
136.0
114.0
135.0
161.0
176.1
122.8
145.0
201.6
+5.0
81.8
76.0
116.2
106.0
86.2
−11.8
−27.4
55.0
93.9
81.9
122.2
163.5
148.2
−14.0
73.8
213.0
90.0
87.8
134.7
127.8
137.7
223.5
−85.2
15.0
22.1
17.2
17.2
18.2
23.5
119.7
133.8
101.3
85.0
102.1
55.8
69.4
−7.5
+1.1
−5.9
−2.9
112.0
105.0
105.0
122.0
117.0
56.2
164.0
136.4
105.8
175.8
90.8
84.0
116.3
−39.4
164.3
164.0
80.2
100.0
53.7
124.0
+12.0
68.2
175.2
180.9
203.8
197.0
153.7
130.8
151.8
179.8
194.0
139.8
162.0
215.5
22.3
96.8
91.2
131.3
120.4
100.8
0.0
−16.7
66.2
108.6
95.6
138.0
180.4
164.0
−2.8
88.7
233.5
104.6
102.4
150.0
141.6
153.8
242.3
−76.2
28.2
35.6
30.5
30.4
31.7
37.1
133.7
150.1
117.2
100.0
118.0
71.2
83.6
+5.0
13.9
+6.5
+9.9
129.2
121.5
121.5
138.0
133.3
71.4
182.8
152.7
122.5
196.0
107.7
100.2
132.3
−28.4
182.4
182.4
95.0
116.3
68.2
141.2
25.2
84.3
194.3
200.0
227.9
214.8
173.7
150.0
170.8
199.0
213.5
157.8
182.8
230.6
42.3
114.0
107.9
147.4
136.3
117.0
+13.2
−4.5
78.1
124.6
110.5
154.8
199.7
181.8
+10.0
105.5
254.5
121.7
118.6
167.2
157.4
172.1
260.8
Melting
point,
°C
100
200
400
760
−62.7
48.2
56.0
50.6
50.5
52.5
57.7
153.7
175.1
140.4
121.9
141.5
93.9
104.8
23.9
33.3
25.4
29.3
152.2
143.0
143.0
161.0
156.0
94.2
210.0
177.5
147.3
222.6
132.3
124.7
155.3
−12.0
208.8
209.5
118.1
140.3
90.3
165.6
45.1
108.3
222.8
227.5
265.0
241.3
202.8
178.8
198.6
227.4
242.5
186.3
211.8
252.5
74.2
138.7
132.3
169.9
159.8
140.3
33.0
13.7
96.0
148.1
132.6
180.3
227.0
207.3
29.5
130.0
286.0
146.2
142.3
192.0
182.1
199.5
288.0
−50.9
65.7
73.8
68.1
68.0
70.0
75.6
171.0
196.3
160.0
140.0
161.0
114.0
123.3
40.3
50.1
41.8
46.2
173.0
161.5
161.5
181.5
176.2
114.2
232.7
198.0
167.8
245.0
153.2
145.6
175.8
+2.6
230.5
232.3
138.3
161.6
110.0
186.2
62.3
128.2
247.5
250.0
299.5
262.6
227.8
203.3
222.8
251.7
267.2
210.7
236.8
270.3
103.8
159.8
153.7
189.9
180.0
160.0
50.3
30.0
111.2
168.0
151.2
202.5
250.1
228.2
46.0
151.4
314.2
167.2
162.2
213.0
203.0
222.0
312.4
−37.8
85.6
94.1
88.2
87.9
90.4
96.0
189.8
219.5
182.2
159.8
183.5
136.0
143.3
59.2
69.4
60.6
65.5
196.0
184.2
184.2
203.6
197.8
136.4
257.8
221.0
192.0
269.6
177.5
168.7
197.5
18.7
255.0
257.4
161.5
185.4
131.3
209.5
81.8
150.5
274.1
275.6
337.2
285.8
255.0
230.7
249.8
278.3
294.0
237.5
263.9
290.0
140.0
184.3
177.6
210.5
203.8
183.1
69.5
48.2
127.3
190.3
171.8
226.5
275.6
251.8
64.4
175.2
343.5
191.0
185.5
235.7
225.0
248.0
337.0
−23.7
106.8
115.6
109.4
109.1
112.0
117.7
208.0
242.6
205.0
180.7
206.0
159.7
163.3
79.2
89.8
80.5
86.1
218.0
211.5
211.5
225.2
219.5
159.3
283.7
245.0
215.0
293.5
202.0
193.0
219.5
36.0
280.0
282.0
184.8
209.5
153.0
232.0
101.1
174.6
302.0
301.0
378.0
310.0
284.0
258.5
277.0
306.5
322.2
264.5
292.5
310.0
180.0
209.0
202.0
231.8
227.0
205.6
89.5
67.5
143.7
213.5
193.5
250.8
303.0
275.0
84.0
199.5
376.0
216.2
208.0
259.0
248.0
273.0
362.0
Temperature, °C
Formula
C2H6O
−115.7
−29.7
C8H18
−23.0
C8H18
C8H18
−26.9
−26.7
C8H18
−25.8
C8H18
C8H18
−22.1
69.3
C7H10O4
75.4
C6H10O5
C6H8O4
45.7
35.0
C5H8O4
46.8
C7H10O4
C10H22
+6.3
20.0
C4H6O4
−49.0
C7H16
C7H16
−42.0
−48.0
C7H16
−45.9
C7H16
C8H10O
56.0
51.8
C8H10O
51.8
C8H10O
C8H10O
66.2
62.0
C8H10O
+5.3
C8H12Si
C10H10O4
100.3
78.6
C7H8O2
49.0
C8H10O2
C12H22O4
104.0
34.2
C10H12
29.0
C10H12
C6H8O3
61.4
−75.6
C2H6S
102.1
C6H10O6
C6H10O6
100.4
28.8
C9H13N
50.1
C9H13N
C2H5N3O2
+3.2
66.7
C10H16O2
−35.8
C4H8O2
C10H16
14.0
108.3
C12H11N
110.0
C13H12O
C12H10ClPO3
121.5
131.6
C12H10S2
86.8
C14H14
C12H10O
66.1
87.4
C14H12
113.2
C14H12
C12H12N2
126.0
76.0
C13H12
96.1
C12H10S
C18H17O3PS
159.7
−38.8
C8H18O2
40.0
C12H18
C12H18
34.7
73.8
C6H14O3
64.7
C10H22O3
C9H20O3
46.0
−43.3
C6H14O
−57.0
C6H14O
C7H14O
23.0
53.4
C8H14O4
43.2
C8H14O4
C10H18O4
77.5
115.6
C10H18O6
103.7
C10H18O6
C6H6
−45.1
32.7
C10H10
157.8
C22H46
C12H26
47.8
47.2
C12H24
91.0
C12H26O
C12H27N
82.8
91.2
C15H34Si
171.3
C18H34O2
60
−70.4
36.7
44.2
39.0
38.9
40.4
45.8
142.6
160.4
127.1
109.7
127.8
80.8
92.8
13.0
22.1
14.5
18.1
139.5
131.0
131.0
148.0
143.5
81.3
194.0
163.8
133.2
208.0
118.0
110.7
142.4
−21.4
193.8
193.8
105.2
126.4
77.7
151.3
33.8
94.6
206.9
212.0
244.2
226.2
186.0
162.0
183.4
211.5
225.9
170.2
194.8
240.4
55.8
124.3
118.2
156.5
146.3
126.8
21.6
+3.4
85.8
134.8
120.0
166.0
211.7
192.6
18.1
116.0
268.3
132.1
128.5
177.8
168.0
184.2
273.0
−138.5
−90.7
38
−62
−52.8
−123.7
−135
−119.5
−135.0
75
25.5
74.5
62.5
68
51.5
38
−83.2
61.5
89
−61
10
52.9
68.5
61
51.5
27
124
44
26.5
−105
−122
−60
−32.6
−66.9
44.5
−9.6
−31.5
24
51.5
(Continued )
2-70
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Epichlorohydrin
1,2-Epoxy-2-methylpropane
Erucic acid
Estragole (p-methoxy allyl benzene)
Ethane
Ethoxydimethylphenylsilane
Ethoxytrimethylsilane
Ethoxytriphenylsilane
Ethyl acetate
acetoacetate
Ethylacetylene (1-butyne)
Ethyl acrylate
α-Ethylacrylic acid
α-Ethylacrylonitrile
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
Ethylamine
4-Ethylaniline
N-Ethylaniline
2-Ethylanisole
3-Ethylanisole
4-Ethylanisole
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
benzoylacetate
bromide
α-bromoisobutyrate
n-butyrate
isobutyrate
Ethylcamphoronic anhydride
Ethyl isocaproate
carbamate
carbanilate
Ethylcetylamine
Ethyl chloride
chloroacetate
chloroglyoxylate
α-chloropropionate
trans-cinnamate
3-Ethylcumene
4-Ethylcumene
Ethyl cyanoacetate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethyl dichloroacetate
N,N-diethyloxamate
N-Ethyldiphenylamine
Ethylene
Ethylene-bis-(chloroacetate)
Ethylene chlorohydrin (2-chloroethanol)
diamine (1,2-ethanediamine)
dibromide (1,2-dibromethane)
dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane)
glycol (1,2-ethanediol)
glycol diethyl ether
(1,2-diethoxyethane)
glycol dimethyl ether
(1,2-dimethoxyethane)
glycol monomethyl ether
(2-methoxyethanol)
oxide
Ethyl α-ethylacetoacetate
fluoride
formate
2-furoate
glycolate
3-Ethylhexane
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
Ethylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethane)
fluoride (1,1-difluoroethane)
Ethyl iodide
Ethyl l-leucinate
Ethyl levulinate
Ethyl mercaptan (ethanethiol)
Ethyl methylcarbamate
Ethyl methyl ether
1
5
10
20
−16.5
−69.0
206.7
52.6
−159.5
36.3
−50.9
167.0
−43.4
28.5
−92.5
−29.5
47.0
−29.0
−31.3
−82.3
52.0
38.5
29.7
33.7
33.5
−9.8
44.0
107.6
−74.3
10.6
−18.4
−24.3
118.2
11.0
107.8
133.2
−89.8
+1.0
−5.1
+6.6
87.6
28.3
31.5
67.8
−14.5
−32.2
9.6
76.0
98.3
−168.3
112.0
−4.0
−11.0
−27.0
−44.5
53.0
−33.5
+5.6
−50.0
239.7
80.0
−148.5
63.1
−31.0
198.2
−23.5
54.0
−76.7
−8.7
70.7
−6.4
−12.0
−66.4
80.0
66.4
55.9
60.3
60.2
+13.9
72.0
136.4
−56.4
35.8
+4.0
−2.4
149.8
35.8
65.8
131.8
168.2
−73.9
25.4
+18.0
30.2
108.5
55.5
58.4
93.5
+9.2
−10.8
34.0
106.3
130.2
−158.3
142.4
+19.0
+10.5
+4.7
−24.0
79.7
−10.2
16.6
−40.3
254.5
93.7
−142.9
76.2
−20.7
213.5
−13.5
67.3
−68.7
+2.0
82.0
+5.0
−2.3
−58.3
93.8
80.6
69.0
73.9
73.9
25.9
86.0
150.3
−47.5
48.0
15.3
+8.4
165.0
48.0
77.8
143.7
186.0
−65.8
37.5
29.9
41.9
134.0
68.8
72.0
106.0
20.6
−0.1
46.3
121.7
146.0
−153.2
158.0
30.3
21.5
18.6
−13.6
92.1
+1.6
29.0
−29.5
270.6
108.4
−136.7
91.0
−9.8
230.0
−3.0
81.1
−59.9
13.0
94.4
17.7
+8.0
−48.6
109.0
96.0
83.1
88.5
88.5
38.6
101.4
166.8
−37.8
61.8
27.8
20.6
181.8
61.7
91.0
155.5
205.5
−56.8
50.4
42.0
54.3
150.3
83.6
86.7
119.8
33.4
+11.7
59.5
137.7
162.8
−147.6
173.5
42.5
33.0
32.7
−2.4
105.8
14.7
42.0
−17.3
289.1
124.6
−129.8
107.2
+3.7
247.0
+9.1
96.2
−50.0
26.0
108.1
31.8
19.0
−39.8
125.7
113.2
98.8
104.8
104.7
52.8
118.2
181.8
−26.7
77.0
41.5
33.8
199.8
76.3
105.6
168.8
226.5
−47.0
65.2
56.0
68.2
169.2
99.9
103.3
133.8
47.6
25.0
74.0
154.4
182.0
−141.3
191.0
56.0
45.8
48.0
+10.0
120.0
29.7
50.6
−9.7
300.2
135.2
−125.4
127.5
11.5
258.3
16.6
106.0
−43.4
33.5
116.7
40.6
26.0
−33.4
136.0
123.6
109.0
115.5
115.4
61.8
129.0
191.9
−19.5
86.7
50.1
42.3
211.5
85.8
114.8
177.3
239.8
−40.6
74.0
65.2
77.3
181.2
110.2
113.8
142.1
56.7
33.4
83.6
166.0
193.7
−137.3
201.8
64.1
53.8
57.9
18.1
129.5
39.0
62.0
+1.2
314.4
148.5
−119.3
131.4
22.1
273.5
27.0
118.5
−34.9
44.5
127.5
53.0
34.9
−25.1
149.8
137.3
122.3
129.2
128.4
74.1
143.2
205.0
−10.0
99.8
62.0
53.5
226.6
98.4
126.2
187.9
256.8
−32.0
86.0
76.6
89.3
196.0
124.3
127.2
152.8
69.0
45.0
96.1
180.3
209.8
−131.8
215.0
75.0
62.5
70.4
29.4
141.8
51.8
C4H10O2
−48.0
−26.2
−15.3
−3.0
+10.7
19.7
31.8
50.0
70.8
93.0
C3H8O2
−13.5
+10.2
22.0
34.3
47.8
56.4
68.0
85.3
104.3
124.4
−89.7
40.5
−117.0
−60.5
37.6
14.3
−20.0
50.0
−60.7
−112.5
−54.4
27.8
47.3
−76.7
26.5
−91.0
−73.8
67.3
−103.8
−42.2
63.8
38.8
+2.1
77.7
−41.9
−98.4
−34.3
57.3
74.0
−59.1
51.0
−75.6
−65.7
80.2
−97.7
−33.0
77.1
50.5
12.8
91.8
−32.3
−91.7
−24.3
72.1
87.3
−50.2
63.2
−67.8
−56.6
94.6
−90.0
−22.7
91.5
63.9
25.0
106.3
−21.9
−84.1
−13.1
88.0
101.8
−40.7
76.1
−59.1
−46.9
110.3
−81.8
−11.5
107.5
78.1
38.5
123.7
−10.2
−75.8
−0.9
106.0
117.7
−29.8
91.0
−49.4
−40.7
120.6
−76.4
−4.3
117.5
87.6
47.1
134.0
−2.9
−70.4
+7.2
117.8
127.6
−22.4
100.0
−43.3
−32.1
133.8
−69.3
−5.4
130.4
99.8
58.9
147.9
+7.2
−63.2
18.0
131.8
141.3
−13.0
112.0
−34.8
−19.5
153.2
−58.0
20.0
150.1
117.8
76.7
168.2
22.4
−52.0
34.1
149.8
160.2
+1.5
130.0
−22.0
−4.9
175.6
−45.5
37.1
172.5
138.0
97.0
192.2
39.8
−39.5
52.3
167.3
183.0
17.7
149.8
−7.8
+10.7
198.0
−32.0
54.3
195.0
158.2
118.5
216.0
57.4
−26.5
72.4
184.0
206.2
35.0
170.0
+7.5
C2H4O
C8H14O3
C2H5F
C3H6O2
C7H8O3
C4H8O3
C8H18
C11H20O2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4F2
C2H5I
C8H17NO2
C7H12O3
C2H6S
C4H9NO2
C3H8O
60
100
200
400
760
Temperature, °C
Formula
C3H5ClO
C4H8O
C22H42O2
C10H12O
C2H6
C10H16OSi
C5H14OSi
C20H20OSi
C4H8O2
C6H10O3
C4H6
C5H8O2
C5H8O2
C5H7N
C2H6O
C2H7N
C8H11N
C8H11N
C9H12O
C9H12O
C9H12O
C8H10
C9H10O2
C11H12O3
C2H5Br
C6H11BrO2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C11H16O5
C8H16O2
C3H7NO2
C9H11NO2
C18H39N
C2H5Cl
C4H7ClO2
C4H5ClO3
C5H9ClO2
C11H12O2
C11H16
C11H16
C5H7NO2
C8H16
C7H14
C4H6Cl2O2
C8H15NO3
C14H15N
C2H4
C6H8Cl2O4
C2H5ClO
C2H8N2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Cl2
C2H6O2
C6H14O2
40
79.3
98.0
117.9
17.5
36.0
55.5
336.5
358.8
381.5
168.7
192.0
215.0
−110.2 −99.7 −88.6
151.5
175.0
199.5
38.1
56.3
75.7
295.0
319.5
344.0
42.0
59.3
77.1
138.0
158.2
180.8
−21.6
−6.9
+8.7
61.5
80.0
99.5
144.0
160.7
179.2
71.6
92.2
114.0
48.4
63.5
78.4
−12.3
+2.0
16.6
170.6
194.2
217.4
156.9
180.8
204.0
142.1
164.2
187.1
149.7
172.8
196.5
149.2
172.3
196.5
92.7
113.8
136.2
164.8
188.4
213.4
223.8
244.7
265.0
+4.5
21.0
38.4
119.7
141.2
163.6
79.8
100.0
121.0
71.0
90.0
110.0
248.5
272.8
298.0
117.8
139.2
160.4
144.2
164.0
184.0
203.8
220.0
237.0
283.3
313.0
342.0
−18.6
−3.9 +12.3
103.8
123.8
144.2
94.5
114.7
135.0
107.2
126.2
146.5
219.3
245.0
271.0
145.4
168.2
193.0
148.3
171.8
195.8
169.8
187.8
206.0
87.8
109.1
131.8
62.4
82.3
103.4
115.2
135.9
156.5
202.8
226.5
252.0
233.0
258.8
286.0
−123.4 −113.9 −103.7
237.3
259.5
283.5
91.8
110.0
128.8
81.0
99.0
117.2
89.8
110.1
131.5
45.7
64.0
82.4
158.5
178.5
197.3
71.8
94.1
119.5
Melting
point,
°C
−25.6
33.5
−183.2
−82.4
−45
−130
−71.2
−112
−80.6
−4
−63.5
−94.9
−34.6
−117.8
−93.3
−88.2
49
52.5
−139
−26
12
−111.3
−138.6
−169
−69
8.5
10
−35.3
−15.6
−111.3
−79
34
−96.7
−117
−105
−121
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-71
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
1-Ethylnaphthalene
Ethyl α-naphthyl ketone
(1-propionaphthone)
Ethyl 3-nitrobenzoate
3-Ethylpentane
4-Ethylphenetole
2-Ethylphenol
3-Ethylphenol
4-Ethylphenol
Ethyl phenyl ether (phenetole)
Ethyl propionate
Ethyl propyl ether
Ethyl salicylate
3-Ethylstyrene
4-Ethylstyrene
Ethylisothiocyanate
2-Ethyltoluene
3-Ethyltoluene
4-Ethyltoluene
Ethyl trichloroacetate
Ethyltrimethylsilane
Ethyltrimethyltin
Ethyl isovalerate
2-Ethyl-1,4-xylene
4-Ethyl-1,3-xylene
5-Ethyl-1,3-xylene
Eugenol
iso-Eugenol
Eugenyl acetate
Fencholic acid
d-Fenchone
dl-Fenchyl alcohol
Fluorene
Fluorobenzene
2-Fluorotoluene
3-Fluorotoluene
4-Fluorotoluene
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
trans-Fumaryl chloride
Furfural (2-furaldehyde)
Furfuryl alcohol
Geraniol
Geranyl acetate
Geranyl n-butyrate
Geranyl isobutyrate
Geranyl formate
Glutaric acid
Glutaric anhydride
Glutaronitrile
Glutaryl chloride
Glycerol
Glycerol dichlorohydrin
(1,3-dichloro-2-propanol)
Glycol diacetate
Glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,6-dione)
Guaicol (2-methoxyphenol)
Heneicosane
Heptacosane
Heptadecane
Heptaldehyde (enanthaldehyde)
n-Heptane
Heptanoic acid (enanthic acid)
1-Heptanol
Heptanoyl chloride (enanthyl chloride)
2-Heptene
Heptylbenzene
Heptyl cyanide (enanthonitrile)
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloroethane
Hexacosane
Hexadecane
1-Hexadecene
n-Hexadecyl alcohol (cetyl alcohol)
1
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
164.1
180.0
204.6
230.8
258.1
−27
206.9
192.6
17.5
119.8
117.9
130.0
131.3
86.6
27.2
−12.0
136.7
99.2
97.3
50.8
76.4
73.3
73.6
85.5
−9.0
30.0
55.2
96.0
97.2
92.6
155.8
167.0
183.0
171.8
99.5
110.8
185.2
+11.5
34.7
37.0
37.8
−70.6
137.5
24.0
79.5
82.1
95.7
141.8
150.0
170.1
164.0
136.2
226.3
185.5
176.4
128.3
198.0
93.0
218.2
205.0
25.7
129.8
127.9
139.8
141.7
95.4
35.1
−4.0
147.6
109.6
107.6
59.8
86.0
82.9
83.2
94.4
−1.2
38.4
64.0
106.2
107.4
103.0
167.3
178.2
194.0
181.5
109.8
120.2
197.8
19.6
43.7
45.8
46.5
−65.0
147.0
32.4
89.0
91.5
104.0
151.5
160.3
180.2
174.0
147.2
235.5
196.2
189.5
139.1
208.0
102.0
233.5
220.3
36.9
143.5
141.8
152.0
154.2
108.4
45.2
+6.8
161.5
123.2
121.5
71.9
99.0
95.9
96.3
107.4
+9.2
50.0
75.9
120.0
121.2
116.5
182.2
194.0
209.7
194.0
123.6
132.3
214.7
30.4
55.3
57.5
58.1
−57.3
157.5
43.8
101.0
103.4
115.9
165.3
175.2
193.8
187.7
160.7
247.0
212.5
205.5
151.8
220.1
114.8
255.5
244.6
53.8
163.2
161.6
171.8
175.0
127.9
61.7
23.3
183.7
144.0
142.0
90.0
119.0
115.5
116.1
125.8
25.0
67.3
93.8
140.2
141.8
137.4
204.7
217.2
232.5
215.0
144.0
150.0
240.3
47.2
73.0
75.4
76.0
−46.0
175.5
61.4
120.0
121.8
133.1
185.6
196.3
214.0
207.6
182.6
265.0
236.5
230.0
172.4
240.0
133.3
280.2
270.6
73.0
185.7
184.5
193.3
197.4
149.8
79.8
41.6
207.0
167.2
165.0
110.1
141.4
137.8
136.4
146.0
42.8
87.6
114.0
163.1
164.4
159.6
228.3
242.3
257.4
237.8
166.8
173.2
268.6
65.7
92.8
95.4
96.1
−33.0
193.5
80.3
140.0
141.8
151.8
207.8
219.8
235.0
228.5
205.8
283.5
261.0
257.3
195.3
263.0
153.5
306.0
298.0
93.5
208.0
207.5
214.0
219.0
172.0
99.1
61.7
231.5
191.5
189.0
131.0
165.1
161.3
162.0
167.0
62.0
108.8
134.3
186.9
188.4
183.7
253.5
267.5
282.0
264.1
191.0
201.0
295.0
84.7
114.0
116.0
117.0
−19.5
210.5
100.6
160.0
161.8
170.0
230.0
243.3
257.4
251.0
230.0
303.0
287.0
286.2
217.0
290.0
174.3
106.1
148.6
121.6
243.4
305.7
195.8
66.3
22.3
139.5
99.8
86.4
21.5
144.0
92.6
206.0
102.3
295.2
181.3
178.8
219.8
115.8
158.2
131.0
255.3
318.3
207.3
74.0
30.6
148.5
108.0
93.5
30.0
154.8
103.0
219.0
112.0
307.8
193.2
190.8
234.3
128.0
173.2
144.0
272.0
333.5
223.0
84.0
41.8
160.0
119.5
102.7
41.3
170.2
116.8
235.5
124.2
323.2
208.5
205.3
251.7
147.8
194.0
162.7
296.5
359.4
247.8
102.0
58.7
179.5
136.6
116.3
58.6
193.3
137.7
258.5
143.1
348.4
231.7
226.8
280.2
168.3
217.0
184.1
323.8
385.0
274.5
125.5
78.0
199.6
155.6
130.7
78.1
217.8
160.0
283.5
163.8
374.6
258.3
250.0
312.7
190.5
240.0
205.0
350.5
410.6
303.0
155.0
98.4
221.5
175.8
145.0
98.5
244.0
184.6
309.4
185.6
399.8
287.5
274.0
344.0
5
10
20
70.0
101.4
116.8
133.8
152.0
C13H12O
C9H9NO4
C7H16
C10H14O
C8H10O
C8H10O
C8H10O
C8H10O
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C9H10O3
C10H12
C10H12
C3H5NS
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C4H5Cl3O2
C5H14Si
C5H14Sn
C7H14O2
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H12O2
C10H12O2
C12H14O3
C10H16O2
C10H16O
C10H18O
C13H10
C6H5F
C7H7F
C7H7F
C7H7F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H2Cl2O2
C5H4O2
C5H6O2
C10H18O
C12H20O2
C14H24O2
C14H24O2
C11H18O2
C5H8O4
C5H6O3
C5H6N2
C5H6Cl2O2
C3H8O3
C3H6Cl2O
124.0
108.1
−37.8
48.5
46.2
60.0
59.3
18.1
−28.0
−64.3
61.2
28.3
26.0
−13.2
9.4
7.2
7.6
20.7
−60.6
−30.0
−6.1
25.7
26.3
22.1
78.4
86.3
101.6
101.7
28.0
45.8
−43.4
−24.2
−22.4
−21.8
155.5
140.2
−17.0
75.7
73.4
86.8
86.5
43.7
−7.2
−45.0
90.0
55.0
52.7
+10.6
34.8
32.3
32.7
45.5
−41.4
−7.6
+17.0
52.0
53.0
48.8
108.1
117.0
132.3
128.7
54.7
70.3
129.3
−22.8
−2.2
−0.3
+0.3
70.5
−20.0
+15.0
18.5
31.8
69.2
73.5
96.8
90.9
61.8
155.5
100.8
91.3
56.1
125.5
28.0
96.3
−5.0
38.5
42.6
56.0
96.8
102.7
125.2
119.6
90.3
183.8
133.3
123.7
84.0
153.8
52.2
171.0
155.0
−6.8
89.5
87.0
100.2
100.2
56.4
+3.4
−35.0
104.2
68.3
66.3
22.8
47.6
44.7
44.9
57.7
−31.8
+3.8
28.7
65.6
66.4
62.1
123.0
132.4
148.0
142.3
68.3
82.1
146.0
−12.4
+8.9
+11.0
11.8
−88.0
109.5
+2.1
51.8
54.8
68.0
110.0
117.9
139.0
133.0
104.3
196.0
149.5
140.0
97.8
167.2
64.7
188.1
173.6
+4.7
103.8
101.5
114.5
115.0
70.3
14.3
−24.0
119.3
82.8
80.8
36.1
61.2
58.2
58.5
70.6
−21.0
16.1
41.3
79.8
80.6
76.5
138.7
149.0
164.2
155.8
83.0
95.6
164.2
−1.2
21.4
23.4
24.0
−79.6
122.5
10.3
65.0
67.8
81.0
125.6
133.0
153.8
147.9
119.8
210.5
166.0
156.5
112.3
182.2
78.0
C6H10O4
C4H4O4
C7H8O2
C21H44
C27H56
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H13ClO
C7H14
C13H20
C7H13N
C6Cl6
C2Cl6
C26H54
C16H34
C16H32
C16H34O
38.3
64.1
103.0
79.1
188.0
248.6
145.2
32.7
−12.7
101.3
64.3
54.6
−14.1
94.6
47.8
149.3
49.8
240.0
135.2
131.7
158.3
77.1
116.6
92.0
205.4
266.8
160.0
43.0
−2.1
113.2
74.7
64.6
−3.5
110.0
61.6
166.4
73.5
257.4
149.8
146.2
177.8
90.8
132.0
106.0
223.2
284.6
177.7
54.0
+9.5
125.6
85.8
75.0
+8.3
126.0
76.3
185.7
87.6
275.8
164.7
162.0
197.8
60
Temperature, °C
Formula
C12H12
40
52.4
152.6
211.7
115.0
12.0
−34.0
78.0
42.4
34.2
−35.8
64.0
21.0
114.4
32.7
204.0
105.3
101.6
122.7
47
−118.6
−45
−4
46.5
−30.2
−72.6
1.3
−5.9
−95.5
−99.3
−10
295
19
5
35
113
−42.1
−80
−110.8
−92
8.2
97.5
17.9
−31
97
28.3
40.4
59.5
22.5
−42
−90.6
−10
34.6
230
186.6
56.6
18.5
4
49.3
(Continued )
2-72
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
n-Hexadecylamine (cetylamine)
Hexaethylbenzene
n-Hexane
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
3-Hexanol
1-Hexene
n-Hexyl levulinate
n-Hexyl phenyl ketone (enanthophenone)
Hydrocinnamic acid
Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid)
Hydroquinone
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
α-Hydroxybutyronitrile
4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
3-Hydroxypropionitrile
Indene
Iodobenzene
Iodononane
2-Iodotoluene
α-Ionone
Isoprene
Lauraldehyde
Lauric acid
Levulinaldehyde
Levulinic acid
d-Limonene
Linalyl acetate
Maleic anhydride
Menthane
1-Menthol
Menthyl acetate
benzoate
formate
Mesityl oxide
Methacrylic acid
Methacrylonitrile
Methane
Methanethiol
Methoxyacetic acid
N-Methylacetanilide
Methyl acetate
acetylene (propyne)
acrylate
alcohol (methanol)
Methylamine
N-Methylaniline
Methyl anthranilate
benzoate
2-Methylbenzothiazole
α-Methylbenzyl alcohol
Methyl bromide
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
Methyl isobutyl carbinol (2-methyl4-pentanol)
n-butyl ketone (2-hexanone)
isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone)
n-butyrate
isobutyrate
caprate
caproate
caprylate
chloride
chloroacetate
cinnamate
α-Methylcinnamic acid
Methylcyclohexane
Methylcyclopentane
Methylcyclopropane
Methyl n-decyl ketone (n-dodecan-2-one)
dichloroacetate
N-Methyldiphenylamine
1
5
10
20
123.6
157.8
134.3
−34.5
47.2
34.8
25.7
−38.0
120.0
130.3
133.5
−55.3
153.3
153.2
98.5
65.8
69.3
46.7
87.8
44.3
50.6
96.2
65.9
108.8
−62.3
108.4
150.6
54.9
128.1
40.4
82.5
63.4
35.7
83.2
85.8
154.2
75.8
+14.1
48.5
−23.3
−199.0
−75.3
79.3
103.8
−38.6
−97.5
−23.6
−25.3
−81.3
62.8
109.0
64.4
97.5
75.2
−80.6
−72.8
−57.0
+22.1
176.0
150.3
−25.0
58.2
45.0
36.7
−28.1
134.7
145.5
148.7
−47.7
163.5
169.7
110.5
77.8
81.0
58.8
102.0
58.5
64.0
109.0
79.8
123.0
−53.3
123.7
166.0
68.0
141.8
53.8
96.0
78.7
48.3
96.0
100.0
170.0
90.0
26.0
60.0
−12.5
−195.5
−67.5
92.0
118.6
−29.3
−90.5
−13.5
−16.2
−73.8
76.2
124.2
77.3
111.2
88.0
−72.8
−64.3
−47.9
33.3
195.7
168.0
−14.1
70.3
55.9
49.0
−17.2
150.2
161.0
165.0
−39.7
174.6
186.8
123.8
90.7
94.0
72.0
117.9
73.9
78.3
123.0
95.6
139.0
−43.5
140.2
183.6
82.7
154.1
68.2
111.4
95.0
62.7
110.3
115.4
186.3
105.8
37.9
72.7
−0.6
−191.8
−58.8
106.5
135.1
−19.1
−82.9
−2.7
−6.0
−65.9
90.5
141.5
91.8
125.5
102.1
−64.0
−54.8
−37.9
45.4
C6H12O
C6H12O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C11H22O2
C7H14O2
C9H18O2
CH3Cl
C3H5ClO2
C10H10O2
C10H10O2
C7H14
C6H12
C4H8
C12H24O
C3H4Cl2O2
C13H13N
60
100
215.7
187.7
−2.3
83.7
67.9
62.2
−5.0
167.8
178.9
183.3
−30.9
192.0
206.0
138.0
104.8
108.2
86.7
134.1
90.7
94.4
138.1
112.4
155.6
−32.6
157.8
201.4
98.3
169.5
84.3
127.7
111.8
78.3
126.1
132.1
204.3
123.0
51.7
86.4
+12.8
−187.7
−49.2
122.0
152.2
−7.9
−74.3
+9.2
+5.0
−56.9
106.0
159.7
107.8
141.2
117.8
−54.2
−44.1
−26.7
58.2
228.8
199.7
+5.4
92.0
76.0
70.7
+2.8
179.0
189.8
194.0
−25.1
203.0
217.5
146.4
113.9
117.4
96.0
144.7
100.8
105.0
147.7
123.8
166.3
−25.4
168.7
212.7
108.4
178.0
94.6
138.1
122.0
88.6
136.1
143.2
215.8
133.8
60.4
95.3
21.5
−185.1
−43.1
131.8
164.2
−0.5
−68.8
17.3
12.1
−51.3
115.8
172.0
117.4
150.4
127.4
−48.0
−37.3
−19.4
67.0
245.8
216.0
15.8
102.8
87.3
81.8
13.0
193.6
204.2
209.0
−17.8
216.5
233.5
157.7
125.0
129.0
108.2
157.7
114.7
118.3
159.8
138.1
181.2
−16.0
184.5
227.5
121.8
190.2
108.3
151.8
135.8
102.1
149.4
156.7
230.4
148.0
72.1
106.6
32.8
−181.4
−34.8
144.5
179.8
+9.4
−61.3
28.0
21.2
−43.7
129.8
187.8
130.8
163.9
140.3
−39.4
−28.0
−9.9
78.0
28.8
+19.7
−5.5
−13.0
93.5
30.0
61.7
−99.5
19.0
108.1
155.0
−14.0
−33.8
−80.6
106.0
26.7
134.0
38.8
30.0
+5.0
−2.9
108.0
42.0
74.9
−92.4
30.0
123.0
169.8
−3.2
−23.7
−72.8
120.4
38.1
149.7
50.0
40.8
16.7
+8.4
123.0
55.4
89.0
−84.8
41.5
140.0
185.2
+8.7
−12.8
−64.0
136.0
50.7
165.8
62.0
52.8
29.6
21.0
139.0
70.0
105.3
−76.0
54.5
157.9
201.8
22.0
−0.6
−54.2
152.4
64.7
184.0
69.8
60.4
37.4
28.9
148.6
79.7
115.3
−70.4
63.0
170.0
212.0
30.5
+7.2
−48.0
163.8
73.6
195.4
79.8
70.4
48.0
39.6
161.5
91.4
128.0
−63.0
73.5
185.8
224.8
42.1
17.9
−39.3
177.5
85.4
210.1
200
400
760
Temperature, °C
Formula
C16H35N
C18H30
C6H14
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12
C11H20O3
C13H18O
C9H10O2
CHN
C6H6O2
C7H6O2
C4H8O3
C5H9NO
C5H10O2
C6H12O2
C3H5NO
C9H8
C6H5I
C9H19I
C7H7I
C13H20O
C5H8
C12H24O
C12H24O2
C5H8O2
C5H8O3
C10H16
C12H20O2
C4H2O3
C10H20
C10H20O
C12H22O2
C17H24O2
C11H20O2
C6H10O
C4H6O2
C4H5N
CH4
CH4S
C3H6O3
C9H11NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH4O
CH5N
C7H9N
C8H9NO2
C8H8O2
C8H7NS
C8H10O
CH3Br
C5H10
C5H10
C6H14O
40
−53.9
24.4
14.6
+2.5
−57.5
90.0
100.0
102.2
−71.0
132.4
121.2
73.5
41.0
44.6
22.0
58.7
16.4
24.1
70.0
37.2
79.5
−79.8
77.7
121.0
28.1
102.0
14.0
55.4
44.0
+9.7
56.0
57.4
123.2
47.3
−8.7
25.5
−44.5
−205.9
−90.7
52.5
−57.2
−111.0
−43.7
−44.0
−95.8
36.0
77.6
39.0
70.0
49.0
−96.3
−89.1
−75.4
−0.3
+7.7
−1.4
−26.8
−34.1
63.7
+5.0
34.2
−2.9
77.4
125.7
−35.9
−53.7
−96.0
77.1
3.2
103.5
272.2
300.4
330.0
241.7
268.5
298.3
31.6
49.6
68.7
119.6
138.0
157.0
103.7
121.8
139.9
98.3
117.0
135.5
29.0
46.8
66.0
215.7
241.0
266.8
225.0
248.3
271.3
230.8
255.0
279.8
−5.3 +10.2
25.9
238.0
262.5
286.2
256.8
282.6
310.0
175.2
193.8
212.0
142.0
159.8
178.8
146.5
165.5
185.0
126.8
147.5
167.9
178.0
200.0
221.0
135.6
157.8
181.6
139.8
163.9
188.6
179.0
199.3
219.5
160.0
185.7
211.0
202.5
225.2
250.0
−1.2 +15.4
32.6
207.8
231.8
257.0
249.8
273.8
299.2
142.0
164.0
187.0
208.3
227.4
245.8
128.5
151.4
175.0
173.3
196.2
220.0
155.9
179.5
202.0
122.7
146.0
169.5
168.3
190.2
212.0
178.8
202.8
227.0
253.2
277.1
301.0
169.8
194.2
219.0
90.0
109.8
130.0
123.9
142.5
161.0
50.0
70.3
90.3
−175.5 −168.8 −161.5
−22.1
−7.9
+6.8
163.5
184.2
204.0
202.3
227.4
253.0
24.0
40.0
57.8
−49.8 −37.2 −23.3
43.9
61.8
80.2
34.8
49.9
64.7
−32.4 −19.7
−6.3
149.3
172.0
195.5
212.4
238.5
266.5
151.4
174.7
199.5
183.2
204.5
225.5
159.0
180.7
204.0
−26.5 −11.9
+3.6
−13.8
+2.5
20.2
+4.9
21.6
38.5
94.9
113.5
131.7
94.3
85.6
64.3
55.7
181.6
109.8
148.1
−51.2
90.5
209.6
245.0
59.6
34.0
−26.0
199.0
103.2
232.8
111.0
102.0
83.1
73.6
202.9
129.8
170.0
−38.0
109.5
235.0
266.8
79.6
52.3
−11.3
222.5
122.6
257.0
127.5
119.0
102.3
92.6
224.0
150
193.0
−24.0
130.3
263.0
288.0
100.9
71.8
+4.5
246.5
143.0
282.0
Melting
point,
°C
130
−95.3
−51.6
−98.5
48.5
−13.2
170.3
115.5
79
−47
−2
−28.5
−146.7
44.5
48
33.5
−96.9
58
42.5
54.5
−59
15
−182.5
−121
102
−98.7
−102.7
−97.8
−93.5
−57
24
−12.5
15.4
−93
−135
−133
−56.9
−84.7
−84.7
−18
−40
−97.7
−31.9
33.4
−126.4
−142.4
−7.6
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-73
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Methyl n-dodecyl ketone (2-tetradecanone)
Methylene bromide (dibromomethane)
chloride (dichloromethane)
Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone)
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
Methyl fluoride
formate
α-Methylglutaric anhydride
Methyl glycolate
2-Methylheptadecane
2-Methylheptane
3-Methylheptane
4-Methylheptane
2-Methyl-2-heptene
6-Methyl-3-hepten-2-ol
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol
2-Methylhexane
3-Methylhexane
Methyl iodide
laurate
levulinate
methacrylate
myristate
α-naphthyl ketone (1-acetonaphthone)
β-naphthyl ketone (2-acetonaphthone)
n-nonyl ketone (undecan-2-one)
palmitate
n-pentadecyl ketone (2-heptdecanone)
2-Methylpentane
3-Methylpentane
2-Methyl-1-pentanol
2-Methyl-2-pentanol
Methyl n-pentyl ketone (2-heptanone)
phenyl ether (anisole)
2-Methylpropene
Methyl propionate
4-Methylpropiophenone
2-Methylpropionyl bromide
Methyl propyl ether
n-propyl ketone (2-pentanone)
isopropyl ketone (3-Methyl-2-butanone)
2-Methylquinoline
Methyl salicylate
α-Methyl styrene
4-Methyl styrene
Methyl n-tetradecyl ketone
(2-hexadecanone)
thiocyanate
isothiocyanate
undecyl ketone (2-tridecanone)
isovalerate
Monovinylacetylene (butenyne)
Myrcene
Myristaldehyde
Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid)
Naphthalene
1-Naphthoic acid
2-Naphthoic acid
1-Naphthol
2-Naphthol
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
Nicotine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
4-Nitroaniline
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde
Nitrobenzene
Nitroethane
Nitroglycerin
Nitromethane
2-Nitrophenol
2-Nitrophenyl acetate
1
5
10
20
99.3
−35.1
−70.0
−48.3
−24.0
−23.9
−147.3
−74.2
93.8
+9.6
119.8
−21.0
−19.8
−20.4
−16.1
41.6
41.9
−40.4
−39.0
130.0
−13.2
−52.1
−28.0
−1.8
−1.4
−137.0
−57.0
125.4
33.7
152.0
+1.3
+2.6
+1.5
+6.7
65.0
66.0
−19.5
−18.1
−55.0
117.9
66.4
−10.0
145.7
146.3
152.3
95.5
166.8
161.6
−41.7
−39.8
38.0
+16.8
43.6
30.0
−96.5
−21.5
89.3
38.4
−54.3
+8.0
−1.0
104.0
81.6
34.0
42.0
145.5
−2.4
−43.3
−17.7
+9.5
+9.9
−131.6
−48.6
141.8
45.3
168.7
12.3
13.3
12.4
17.8
76.7
77.8
−9.1
−7.8
−45.8
133.2
79.7
+1.0
160.8
161.5
168.5
108.9
184.3
178.0
−32.1
−30.1
49.6
27.6
55.5
42.2
−81.9
−11.8
103.8
50.6
−45.4
17.9
+8.3
119.0
95.3
47.1
55.1
161.3
+9.7
−33.4
−6.5
21.7
22.3
−125.9
−39.2
157.7
58.1
186.0
24.4
25.4
24.5
30.4
89.3
90.4
+2.3
+3.6
−35.6
149.0
93.7
11.0
177.8
178.4
185.7
123.1
202.0
196.4
−21.4
−19.4
61.6
38.8
67.7
55.8
−73.4
−1.0
120.2
64.1
−35.4
28.5
18.3
134.0
110.0
61.8
69.2
179.8
23.3
−22.3
+6.0
35.2
36.2
−119.1
−28.7
177.5
72.3
204.8
37.9
38.9
38.0
44.0
102.7
104.0
14.9
16.4
−24.2
166.0
109.5
25.5
195.8
196.8
203.8
139.0
C16H32O
C2H3NS
C2H3NS
C13H26O
C6H12O2
C4H4
C10H16
C14H28O
C14H28O2
C10H8
C11H8O2
C11H8O2
C10H8O
C10H8O
C10H9N
C10H9N
C10H14N2
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C7H5NO3
C7H5NO3
C6H5NO2
C2H5NO2
C3H5N3O9
CH3NO2
C6H5NO3
C8H7NO4
151.5
+9.8
−8.3
117.0
+2.9
−77.7
40.0
132.0
174.1
74.2
184.0
189.7
125.5
128.6
137.7
141.6
91.8
135.7
151.5
177.6
117.7
127.4
71.6
+1.5
167
−7.9
76.8
128.0
167.3
21.6
+5.4
131.8
14.0
−70.0
53.2
148.3
190.8
85.8
196.8
202.8
142.0
145.5
153.8
157.6
107.2
150.4
167.8
194.4
133.4
142.8
84.9
12.5
188
+2.8
90.4
142.0
184.6
34.5
20.4
147.8
26.4
−61.3
67.0
166.2
207.6
101.7
211.2
216.9
158.0
161.8
171.6
175.8
123.7
167.7
185.5
213.2
150.0
159.0
99.3
24.8
210
14.1
105.8
155.8
60
100
200
400
760
191.4
31.6
−15.7
14.0
43.9
45.0
−115.0
−21.9
189.9
81.8
216.3
46.6
47.6
46.6
52.8
111.5
112.8
23.0
24.5
−16.9
176.8
119.3
34.5
207.5
208.6
214.7
148.6
206.0
42.3
−6.3
25.0
55.7
57.1
−109.0
−12.9
205.0
93.7
231.5
58.3
59.4
58.3
64.6
122.6
123.8
34.1
35.6
−7.0
190.8
133.0
47.0
222.6
223.8
229.8
161.0
228.2
58.5
+8.0
41.6
73.6
75.3
−99.9
+0.8
229.1
111.8
254.5
76.0
77.1
76.1
82.3
139.5
140.0
50.8
52.4
+8.0
253.3
79.0
24.1
60.0
94.0
96.2
−89.5
16.0
255.5
131.7
279.8
96.2
97.4
96.3
102.2
156.6
156.6
69.8
71.6
25.3
278.0
98.6
40.7
79.6
115.6
118.3
−78.2
32.0
282.5
151.5
306.5
117.6
118.9
117.7
122.5
175.5
174.3
90.0
91.9
42.4
153.4
63.0
245.3
246.7
251.6
181.2
175.8
82.0
269.8
270.5
275.8
202.3
197.7
101.0
295.8
295.5
301.0
224.0
214.3
−9.7
−7.3
74.7
51.3
81.2
70.7
−63.8
+11.0
138.0
79.4
−24.3
39.8
29.6
150.8
126.2
77.8
85.0
226.7
−1.9
+0.1
83.4
58.8
89.8
80.1
−57.7
18.7
149.3
88.8
−17.4
47.3
36.2
161.7
136.7
88.3
95.0
242.0
+8.1
10.5
94.2
69.2
100.0
93.0
−49.3
29.0
164.2
101.6
−8.1
56.8
45.5
176.2
150.0
102.2
108.6
265.8
24.1
26.5
111.3
85.0
116.1
112.3
−36.7
44.2
187.4
120.5
+6.0
71.0
59.0
197.8
172.6
121.8
128.7
291.7
41.6
44.2
129.8
102.6
133.2
133.8
−22.2
61.8
212.7
141.7
22.5
86.8
73.8
211.7
197.5
143.0
151.2
319.5
60.3
63.3
147.9
121.2
150.2
155.5
−6.9
79.8
238.5
163.0
39.1
103.3
88.9
246.5
223.2
165.4
175.0
203.7
49.0
38.2
165.7
39.8
−51.7
82.6
186.0
223.5
119.3
225.0
231.5
177.8
181.7
191.5
195.7
142.1
186.0
204.2
234.2
168.8
177.7
115.4
38.0
235
27.5
122.1
172.8
215.0
58.1
47.5
176.6
48.2
−45.3
92.6
198.3
237.2
130.2
234.5
241.3
190.0
193.7
203.8
208.1
154.7
197.8
216.5
245.9
180.7
189.5
125.8
46.5
251
35.5
132.6
181.7
230.5
70.4
59.3
191.5
59.8
−37.1
106.0
214.5
250.5
145.5
245.8
252.7
206.0
209.8
220.0
224.3
169.5
213.0
232.1
261.8
196.2
204.3
139.9
57.8
254.4
89.8
77.5
214.0
77.3
−24.1
126.0
240.4
272.3
167.7
263.5
270.3
229.6
234.0
244.9
249.7
193.8
236.3
255.3
284.5
220.0
227.4
161.2
74.8
279.8
110.8
97.8
238.3
96.7
−10.1
148.3
267.9
294.6
193.2
281.4
289.5
255.8
260.6
272.2
277.4
219.8
260.0
280.2
310.2
246.8
252.1
185.8
94.0
307.0
132.9
119.0
262.5
116.7
+5.3
171.5
297.8
318.0
217.9
300.0
308.5
282.5
288.0
300.8
306.1
247.3
284.5
305.7
336.0
273.5
278.3
210.6
114.0
46.6
146.4
194.1
63.5
167.6
213.0
82.0
191.0
233.5
101.2
214.5
253.0
Temperature, °C
Formula
C14H28O
CH2Br2
CH2Cl2
C4H8O
C8H18
C8H18
CH3F
C2H4O2
C6H8O3
C3H6O3
C18H38
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H16
C8H16O
C8H16O
C7H16
C7H16
CH3I
C13H26O2
C6H10O3
C5H8O2
C15H30O2
C12H10O
C12H10O
C11H22O
C17H34O2
C17H34O
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14O
C6H14O
C7H14O
C7H8O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C10H12O
C4H7BrO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C10H9N
C8H8O3
C9H10
C9H10
40
87.8
39.8
−30.5
115.0
115.6
120.2
68.2
134.3
129.6
−60.9
−59.0
15.4
−4.5
19.3
+5.4
−105.1
−42.0
59.6
13.5
−72.2
−12.0
−19.9
75.3
54.0
7.4
16.0
109.8
−14.0
−34.7
86.8
−19.2
−93.2
14.5
99.0
142.0
52.6
156.0
160.8
94.0
104.3
108.0
61.8
104.0
119.3
142.4
85.8
96.2
44.4
−21.0
127
−29.0
49.3
100.0
Melting
point,
°C
−52.8
−96.7
−85.9
−114.5
−90
−99.8
−109.5
−120.8
−121.1
−118.2
−64.4
5
18.5
55.5
15
30
−154
−118
−103
−37.3
−140.3
−87.5
−77.8
−92
−1
−8.3
−23.2
−51
35.5
28.5
23.5
57.5
80.2
160.5
184
96
122.5
50
111.5
71.5
114
146.5
40.9
58
+5.7
−90
11
−29
45
(Continued )
2-74
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
1-Nitropropane
2-Nitropropane
2-Nitrotoluene
3-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitro-1,3-xylene (4-nitro-m-xylene)
Nonacosane
Nonadecane
n-Nonane
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanone
Octacosane
Octadecane
n-Octane
n-Octanol (1-octanol)
2-Octanone
n-Octyl acrylate
iodide (1-Iodooctane)
Oleic acid
Palmitaldehyde
Palmitic acid
Palmitonitrile
Pelargonic acid
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloroethylbenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pentacosane
Pentadecane
1,3-Pentadiene
1,4-Pentadiene
Pentaethylbenzene
Pentaethylchlorobenzene
n-Pentane
iso-Pentane (2-methylbutane)
neo-Pentane (2,2-dimethylpropane)
2,3,4-Pentanetriol
1-Pentene
α-Phellandrene
Phenanthrene
Phenethyl alcohol (phenyl cellosolve)
2-Phenetidine
Phenol
2-Phenoxyethanol
2-Phenoxyethyl acetate
Phenyl acetate
Phenylacetic acid
Phenylacetonitrile
Phenylacetyl chloride
Phenyl benzoate
4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one
Phenyl isocyanate
isocyanide
Phenylcyclohexane
Phenyl dichlorophosphate
m-Phenylene diamine
(1,3-phenylenediamine)
Phenylglyoxal
Phenylhydrazine
N-Phenyliminodiethanol
1-Phenyl-1,3-pentanedione
2-Phenylphenol
4-Phenylphenol
3-Phenyl-1-propanol
Phenyl isothiocyanate
Phorone
iso-Phorone
Phosgene (carbonyl chloride)
Phthalic anhydride
Phthalide
Phthaloyl chloride
2-Picoline
Pimelic acid
α-Pinene
β-Pinene
1
5
10
20
−9.6
−18.8
50.0
50.2
53.7
65.6
234.2
133.2
+1.4
59.5
32.1
226.5
119.6
−14.0
54.0
23.6
58.5
45.8
176.5
121.6
153.6
134.3
108.2
98.6
+1.0
96.2
+13.5
+4.1
79.1
81.0
85.0
95.0
269.8
166.3
25.8
86.1
59.0
260.3
152.1
+8.3
76.5
48.4
87.7
74.8
208.5
154.6
188.1
168.3
126.0
129.7
27.2
130.0
25.3
15.8
93.8
96.0
100.5
109.8
286.4
183.5
38.0
99.7
72.3
277.4
169.6
19.2
88.3
60.9
102.0
90.0
223.0
171.8
205.8
185.8
137.4
144.3
39.8
148.0
194.2
91.6
−71.8
−83.5
86.0
90.0
−76.6
−82.9
−102.0
155.0
−80.4
20.0
118.2
58.2
67.0
40.1
78.0
82.6
38.2
97.0
60.0
48.0
106.8
81.7
10.6
12.0
67.5
66.7
230.0
121.0
−53.8
−66.2
120.0
123.8
−62.5
−65.8
−85.4
189.3
−63.3
45.7
154.3
85.9
94.7
62.5
106.6
113.5
64.8
127.0
89.0
75.3
141.5
112.2
36.0
37.0
96.5
95.9
248.2
135.4
−45.0
−57.1
135.8
140.7
−50.1
−57.0
−76.7
204.5
−54.5
58.0
173.0
100.0
108.6
73.8
121.2
128.0
78.0
141.3
103.5
89.0
157.8
127.4
48.5
49.7
111.3
110.0
37.9
28.2
109.6
112.8
117.7
125.8
303.6
200.8
51.2
113.8
87.2
295.4
187.5
31.5
101.0
74.3
117.8
105.9
240.0
190.0
223.8
204.2
149.8
160.0
53.9
166.0
192.2
266.1
150.2
−34.8
−47.7
152.4
158.1
−40.2
−47.3
−67.2
220.5
−46.0
72.1
193.7
114.8
123.7
86.0
136.0
144.5
92.3
156.0
119.4
103.6
177.0
143.8
62.5
63.4
126.4
125.9
51.8
41.8
126.3
130.7
136.0
143.3
323.2
220.0
66.0
129.0
103.4
314.2
207.4
45.1
115.2
89.8
135.6
123.8
257.2
210.0
244.4
223.8
163.7
178.5
69.9
186.2
211.2
285.6
167.7
−23.4
−37.0
171.9
178.2
−29.2
−36.5
−56.1
239.6
−34.1
87.8
215.8
130.5
139.9
100.1
152.2
162.3
108.1
173.6
136.3
119.8
197.6
161.3
77.7
78.3
144.0
143.4
C6H8N2
C8H6O2
C6H8N2
C10H15NO2
C11H12O2
C12H10O
C12H10O
C9H12O
C7H5NS
C9H14O
C9H14O
CCl2O
C8H4O3
C8H6O2
C8H4Cl2O2
C6H7N
C7H12O4
C10H16
C10H16
99.8
71.8
145.0
98.0
100.0
131.2
75.0
101.6
179.2
128.5
131.6
74.7
47.2
42.0
38.0
−92.9
96.5
95.5
86.3
−11.1
163.4
−1.0
+4.2
102.4
75.6
68.3
66.7
−77.0
121.3
127.7
118.3
+12.6
196.2
+24.6
30.0
147.0
87.8
115.8
195.8
144.0
146.2
176.2
116.0
89.8
81.5
81.2
−69.3
134.0
144.0
134.2
24.4
212.0
37.3
42.3
163.8
100.7
131.5
213.4
159.9
163.3
193.8
131.2
115.5
95.6
96.8
−60.3
151.7
161.3
151.0
37.4
229.3
51.4
58.1
182.5
115.5
148.2
233.0
178.0
180.3
213.0
147.4
122.5
111.3
114.5
−50.3
172.0
181.0
170.0
51.2
247.0
66.8
71.5
60
100
200
400
760
60.5
50.3
137.6
142.5
147.9
153.8
334.8
232.8
75.5
139.0
113.8
326.8
219.7
53.8
123.8
99.0
145.6
135.4
269.8
222.6
256.0
236.6
172.3
190.1
80.0
199.0
223.4
298.4
178.4
−16.5
−30.0
184.2
191.0
−22.2
−29.6
−49.0
249.8
−27.1
97.6
229.9
141.2
149.8
108.4
163.2
174.0
118.1
184.5
147.7
129.8
210.8
172.6
87.7
88.0
154.2
153.6
72.3
62.0
151.5
156.9
163.0
168.5
350.0
248.0
88.1
151.3
127.4
341.8
236.0
65.7
135.2
111.7
159.1
150.0
286.0
239.5
271.5
251.5
184.4
205.5
93.5
216.0
239.6
314.0
194.0
−6.7
−20.6
200.0
208.0
−12.6
−20.2
−39.1
263.5
−17.7
110.6
249.0
154.0
163.5
121.4
176.5
189.2
131.6
198.2
161.8
143.5
227.8
187.8
100.6
101.0
169.3
168.0
90.2
80.0
173.7
180.3
186.7
191.7
373.2
271.8
107.5
170.5
148.2
364.8
260.6
83.6
152.0
130.4
180.2
173.3
309.8
264.1
298.7
277.1
203.1
227.0
114.0
241.8
261.8
339.0
216.1
+8.0
−6.7
224.1
230.3
+1.9
−5.9
−23.7
284.5
−3.4
130.6
277.1
175.0
184.0
139.0
197.6
211.3
151.2
219.5
184.2
163.8
254.0
211.0
120.8
120.8
191.3
189.8
110.6
99.8
197.7
206.8
212.5
217.5
397.2
299.8
128.2
192.1
171.2
388.9
288.0
104.0
173.8
151.0
204.0
199.3
334.7
292.3
326.0
304.5
227.5
251.6
137.2
269.3
285.0
365.4
242.8
24.7
+8.3
250.2
257.2
18.5
+10.5
−7.1
307.0
+12.8
152.0
308.0
197.5
207.0
160.0
221.0
235.0
173.5
243.0
208.5
186.0
283.5
235.4
142.7
142.3
214.6
213.0
131.6
120.3
222.3
231.9
238.3
244.0
421.8
330.0
150.8
213.5
195.0
412.5
317.0
125.6
195.2
172.9
227.0
225.5
360.0
321.0
353.8
332.0
253.5
276.0
160.5
299.0
309.3
390.3
270.5
42.1
26.1
277.0
285.0
36.1
27.8
+9.5
327.2
30.1
175.0
340.2
219.5
228.0
181.9
245.3
259.7
195.9
265.5
233.5
210.0
314.0
261.0
165.6
165.0
240.0
239.5
194.0
124.2
158.7
245.3
189.8
192.2
225.3
156.8
133.3
121.4
125.6
−44.0
185.3
193.5
182.2
59.9
258.2
76.8
81.2
209.9
136.2
173.5
260.6
204.5
205.9
240.9
170.3
147.7
134.0
140.6
−35.6
202.3
210.0
197.8
71.4
272.0
90.1
94.0
233.0
153.8
195.4
284.5
226.7
227.9
263.2
191.2
169.6
153.5
163.3
−22.3
228.0
234.5
222.0
89.0
294.5
110.2
114.1
259.0
173.5
218.2
311.3
251.2
251.8
285.5
212.8
194.0
175.3
188.7
−7.6
256.8
261.8
248.3
108.4
318.5
132.3
136.1
285.5
193.5
243.5
337.8
276.5
275.0
308.0
235.0
218.5
197.2
215.2
+8.3
284.5
290.0
275.8
128.8
342.1
155.0
158.3
Temperature, °C
Formula
C3H7NO2
C3H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C8H9NO2
C29H60
C19H40
C9H20
C9H20O
C9H18O
C28H58
C18H38
C8H18
C8H18O
C8H16O
C11H20O2
C8H17I
C18H34O2
C16H32O
C16H32O2
C16H31N
C9H18O2
C6HCl5
C2HCl5
C8H5Cl5
C6HCl5O
C25H52
C15H32
C5H8
C5H8
C16H26
C16H25Cl
C5H12
C5H12
C5H12
C5H12O3
C5H10
C10H16
C14H10
C8H10O2
C8H11NO
C6H6O
C8H10O2
C10H12O3
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C8H7N
C8H7ClO
C13H10O2
C10H10O
C7H5NO
C7H5N
C12H16
C6H5Cl2O2P
40
Melting
point,
°C
−108
−93
−4.1
15.5
51.9
+2
63.8
32
−53.7
−5
−19
61.6
28
−56.8
−15.4
−16
−45.9
14
34
64.0
31
12.5
85.5
−22
188.5
53.3
10
−129.7
−159.7
−16.6
99.5
40.6
11.6
−6.7
76.5
−23.8
70.5
41.5
+7.5
62.8
73
19.5
56.5
164.5
−21.0
28
−104
130.8
73
88.5
−70
103
−55
VAPOR PRESSURES
TABLE 2-10
2-75
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Piperidine
Piperonal
Propane
Propenylbenzene
Propionamide
Propionic acid
anhydride
Propionitrile
Propiophenone
n-Propyl acetate
iso-Propyl acetate
n-Propyl alcohol (1-propanol)
iso-Propyl alcohol (2-propanol)
n-Propylamine
Propylbenzene
Propyl benzoate
n-Propyl bromide (1-bromopropane)
iso-Propyl bromide (2-bromopropane)
n-Propyl n-butyrate
isobutyrate
iso-Propyl isobutyrate
Propyl carbamate
n-Propyl chloride (1-chloropropane)
iso-Propyl chloride (2-chloropropane)
iso-Propyl chloroacetate
Propyl chloroglyoxylate
Propylene
Propylene glycol (1,2-Propanediol)
Propylene oxide
n-Propyl formate
iso-Propyl formate
4,4′-iso-Propylidenebisphenol
n-Propyl iodide (1-iodopropane)
iso-Propyl iodide (2-iodopropane)
n-Propyl levulinate
iso-Propyl levulinate
Propyl mercaptan (1-propanethiol)
2-iso-Propylnaphthalene
iso-Propyl β-naphthyl ketone
(2-isobutyronaphthone)
2-iso-Propylphenol
3-iso-Propylphenol
4-iso-Propylphenol
Propyl propionate
4-iso-Propylstyrene
Propyl isovalerate
Pulegone
Pyridine
Pyrocatechol
Pyrocaltechol diacetate
(1,2-phenylene diacetate)
Pyrogallol
Pyrotartaric anhydride
Pyruvic acid
Quinoline
iso-Quinoline
Resorcinol
Safrole
Salicylaldehyde
Salicylic acid
Sebacic acid
Selenophene
Skatole
Stearaldehyde
Stearic acid
Stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol)
Styrene
Styrene dibromide [(1,2-dibromoethyl)
benzene]
Suberic acid
Succinic anhydride
Succinimide
Succinyl chloride
α-Terpineol
Terpenoline
1
5
10
20
87.0
−128.9
17.5
65.0
4.6
20.6
−35.0
50.0
−26.7
−38.3
−15.0
−26.1
−64.4
6.3
54.6
−53.0
−61.8
−1.6
−6.2
−16.3
52.4
−68.3
−78.8
+3.8
9.7
−131.9
45.5
−75.0
−43.0
−52.0
193.0
−36.0
−43.3
59.7
48.0
−56.0
76.0
−7.0
117.4
−115.4
43.8
91.0
28.0
45.3
−13.6
77.9
−5.4
−17.4
+5.0
−7.0
−46.3
31.3
83.8
−33.4
−42.5
+22.1
+16.8
+5.8
77.6
−50.0
−61.1
28.1
32.3
−120.7
70.8
−57.8
−22.7
−32.7
224.2
−13.5
−22.1
86.3
74.5
−36.3
107.9
+3.9
132.0
−108.5
57.0
105.0
39.7
57.7
−3.0
92.2
+5.0
−7.2
14.7
+2.4
−37.2
43.4
98.0
−23.3
−32.8
34.0
28.3
17.0
90.0
−41.0
−52.0
40.2
43.5
−112.1
83.2
−49.0
−12.6
−22.7
240.8
−2.4
−11.7
99.9
88.0
−26.3
123.4
15.8
148.0
−100.9
71.5
119.0
52.0
70.4
+8.8
107.6
16.0
+4.2
25.3
12.7
−27.1
56.8
114.3
−12.4
−22.0
47.0
40.6
29.0
103.2
−31.0
−42.0
53.9
55.6
−104.7
96.4
−39.3
−1.7
−12.1
255.5
+10.0
0.0
114.0
102.4
−15.4
140.3
29.2
165.7
−92.4
87.7
134.8
65.8
85.6
22.0
124.3
28.8
17.0
36.4
23.8
−16.0
71.6
131.8
−0.3
−10.1
61.5
54.3
42.4
117.7
−19.5
−31.0
68.7
68.8
−96.5
111.2
−28.4
+10.8
−0.2
273.0
23.6
+13.2
130.1
118.1
−3.2
159.0
60
Melting
point,
°C
100
200
400
760
37.7
177.0
−87.0
97.8
144.3
74.1
94.5
30.1
135.0
37.0
25.1
43.5
30.5
−9.0
81.1
143.3
+7.5
−2.5
70.3
63.0
51.4
126.5
−12.1
−23.5
78.0
77.2
−91.3
119.9
−21.3
18.8
+7.5
282.9
32.1
21.6
140.6
127.8
+4.6
171.4
49.0
191.7
−79.6
111.7
156.0
85.8
107.2
41.4
149.3
47.8
35.7
52.8
39.5
+0.5
94.0
157.4
18.0
+8.0
82.6
73.9
62.3
138.3
−2.5
−13.7
90.3
88.0
−84.1
132.0
−12.0
29.5
17.8
297.0
43.8
32.8
154.0
141.8
15.3
187.6
66.2
214.3
−68.4
132.0
174.2
102.5
127.8
58.2
170.2
64.0
51.7
66.8
53.0
15.0
113.5
180.1
34.0
23.8
101.0
91.8
80.2
155.8
+12.2
+1.3
108.8
104.7
−73.3
149.7
+2.1
45.3
33.6
317.5
61.8
50.0
175.6
161.6
31.5
211.8
85.7
238.5
−55.6
154.7
194.0
122.0
146.0
77.7
194.2
82.0
69.8
82.0
67.8
31.5
135.7
205.2
52.0
41.5
121.7
112.0
100.0
175.8
29.4
18.1
128.0
123.0
−60.9
168.1
17.8
62.6
50.5
339.0
81.8
69.5
198.0
185.2
49.2
238.5
106.0
263.0
−42.1
179.0
213.0
141.1
167.0
97.1
218.0
101.8
89.0
97.8
82.5
48.5
159.2
231.0
71.0
60.0
142.7
133.9
120.5
195.0
46.4
36.5
148.6
150.0
−47.7
188.2
34.5
81.3
68.3
360.5
102.5
89.5
221.2
208.2
67.4
266.0
Temperature, °C
Formula
C5H11N
C8H6O3
C 3 H8
C9H10
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C6H10O3
C3H5N
C9H10O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C3H8O
C3H8O
C3H9N
C9H12
C10H12O2
C3H7Br
C3H7Br
C7H14O2
C7H14O2
C7H14O2
C4H9NO2
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C5H9ClO2
C5H7ClO3
C3H6
C3H8O2
C3H6O
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C15H16O2
C3H7I
C3H7I
C8H14O3
C8H14O3
C3H8S
C13H14
40
C14H14O
C9H12O
C9H12O
C9H12O
C6H12O2
C11H14
C8H16O2
C10H16O
C5H5N
C6H6O2
133.2
56.6
62.0
67.0
−14.2
34.7
+8.0
58.3
−18.9
165.4
83.8
90.3
94.7
+8.0
62.3
32.8
82.5
+2.5
104.0
181.0
97.0
104.1
108.0
19.4
76.0
45.1
94.0
13.2
118.3
197.7
111.7
119.8
123.4
31.6
91.2
58.0
106.8
24.8
134.0
215.6
127.5
136.2
139.8
45.0
108.0
72.8
121.7
38.0
150.6
227.0
137.7
146.6
149.7
53.8
118.4
82.3
130.2
46.8
161.7
242.3
150.3
160.2
163.3
65.2
132.8
95.0
143.1
57.8
176.0
264.0
170.1
182.0
184.0
82.7
153.9
113.9
162.5
75.0
197.7
288.2
192.6
205.0
206.1
102.0
178.0
135.0
189.8
95.6
221.5
313.0
214.5
228.0
228.2
122.4
202.5
155.9
221.0
115.4
245.5
C10H10O4
C6H6O3
C5H6O3
C3H4O3
C9H7N
C9H7N
C6H6O2
C10H10O2
C7H6O2
C7H6O3
C10H18O4
C4H4Se
C9H9N
C18H36O
C18H36O2
C18H36O
C8H8
98.0
69.7
21.4
59.7
63.5
108.4
63.8
33.0
113.7
183.0
−39.0
95.0
140.0
173.7
150.3
−7.0
129.8
151.7
99.7
45.8
89.6
92.7
138.0
93.0
60.1
136.0
215.7
−16.0
124.2
174.6
209.0
185.6
+18.0
145.7
167.7
114.2
57.9
103.8
107.8
152.1
107.6
73.8
146.2
232.0
−4.0
139.6
192.1
225.0
202.0
30.8
161.8
185.3
130.0
70.8
119.8
123.7
168.0
123.0
88.7
156.8
250.0
+9.1
154.3
210.6
243.4
220.0
44.6
179.8
204.2
147.8
85.3
136.7
141.6
185.3
140.1
105.2
172.2
268.2
24.1
171.9
230.8
263.3
240.4
59.8
191.6
216.3
158.6
94.1
148.1
152.0
195.8
150.3
115.7
182.0
279.8
33.8
183.6
244.2
275.5
252.7
69.5
206.5
232.0
173.8
106.5
163.2
167.6
209.8
165.1
129.4
193.4
294.5
47.0
197.4
260.0
291.0
269.4
82.0
228.7
255.3
196.1
124.7
186.2
190.0
230.8
186.2
150.0
210.0
313.2
66.7
218.8
285.0
316.5
293.5
101.3
253.3
281.5
221.0
144.7
212.3
214.5
253.4
210.0
173.7
230.5
332.8
89.8
242.5
313.8
343.0
320.3
122.5
278.0
309.0
247.4
165.0
237.7
240.5
276.5
233.0
196.5
256.0
352.3
114.3
266.2
342.5
370.0
349.5
145.2
C8H8Br2
C8H14O4
C4H4O3
C4H5NO2
C4H4Cl2O2
C10H18O
C10H16
86.0
172.8
92.0
115.0
39.0
52.8
32.3
115.6
205.5
115.0
143.2
65.0
80.4
58.0
129.8
219.5
128.2
157.0
78.0
94.3
70.6
145.2
238.2
145.3
174.0
91.8
109.8
84.8
161.8
254.6
163.0
192.0
107.5
126.0
100.0
172.2
265.4
174.0
203.0
117.2
136.3
109.8
186.3
279.8
189.0
217.4
130.0
150.1
122.7
207.8
300.5
212.0
240.0
149.3
171.2
142.0
230.0
322.8
237.0
263.5
170.0
194.3
163.5
254.0
345.5
261.0
287.5
192.5
217.5
185.0
−9
37
−187.1
−30.1
79
−22
−45
−91.9
21
−92.5
−127
−85.8
−83
−99.5
−51.6
−109.9
−89.0
−95.2
−122.8
−117
−185
−112.1
−92.9
−98.8
−90
−112
15.5
26
61
−76
−42
105
133
13.6
−15
24.6
110.7
11.2
−7
159
134.5
95
63.5
69.3
58.5
−30.6
142
119.6
125.5
17
35
(Continued )
2-76
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Formula
1,1,1,2-Tetrabromoethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
Tetraisobutylene
Tetracosane
1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,2,3,5-Tetrachloro-4-ethylbenzene
Tetrachloroethylene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2-xylene
Tetradecane
Tetradecylamine
Tetradecyltrimethylsilane
Tetraethoxysilane
1,2,3,4-Tetraethylbenzene
Tetraethylene glycol
Tetraethylene glycol chlorohydrin
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethylsilane
Tetralin
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Tetramethylene dibromide
(1,4-dibromobutane)
Tetramethyllead
Tetramethyltin
Tetrapropylene glycol monoisopropyl ether
Thioacetic acid (mercaptoacetic acid)
Thiodiglycol (2,2′-thiodiethanol)
Thiophene
Thiophenol (benzenethiol)
α-Thujone
Thymol
Tiglaldehyde
Tiglic acid
Tiglonitrile
Toluene
Toluene-2,4-diamine
2-Toluic nitrile (2-tolunitrile)
4-Toluic nitrile (4-tolunitrile)
2-Toluidine
3-Toluidine
4-Toluidine
2-Tolyl isocyanide
4-Tolylhydrazine
Tribromoacetaldehyde
1,1,2-Tribromobutane
1,2,2-Tribromobutane
2,2,3-Tribromobutane
1,1,2-Tribromoethane
1,2,3-Tribromopropane
Triisobutylamine
Triisobutylene
2,4,6-Tritertbutylphenol
Trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic anhydride
Trichloroacetyl bromide
2,4,6-Trichloroaniline
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,3-Trichlorobutane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
C2H2Br4
C2H2Br4
C16H32
C24H50
C6H2Cl4
C6H2Cl4
C6H2Cl4
C2Cl4F2
C2H2Cl4
C2H2Cl4
C8H6Cl4
C2Cl4
C6H2Cl4O
C8H6Cl4
C14H30
C14H31N
C17H38Si
C8H20O4Si
C14H22
C8H18O5
C8H17ClO4
C8H20Pb
C8H20Si
C10H12
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C8H18
C4H8Br2
C4H12Pb
C4H12Sn
C15H32O5
C2H4O2S
C4H10O2S
C4H4S
C6H6S
C10H16O
C10H14O
C5H8O
C5H8O2
C5H7N
C7H8
C7H10N2
C8H7N
C8H7N
C7H9N
C7H9N
C7H9N
C8H7N
C7H10N2
C2HBr3O
C4H7Br3
C4H7Br3
C4H7Br3
C2H3Br3
C3H5Br3
C12H27N
C12H24
C18H30O
C2HCl3O2
C4Cl6O3
C2BrCl3O
C6H4Cl3N
C6H3Cl3
C6H3Cl3
C6H3Cl3
C4H7Cl3
C2H3Cl3
C2H3Cl3
C2HCl3
CCl3F
C6H3Cl3O
C6H3Cl3O
1
5
10
20
58.0
65.0
63.8
183.8
68.5
58.2
83.3
95.5
93.7
219.6
99.6
89.0
95.7
110.0
108.5
237.6
114.7
104.1
108.5
126.0
124.5
255.3
131.2
121.6
−37.5
−16.3
−3.8
77.0
−20.6
100.0
94.4
76.4
102.6
120.0
16.0
65.7
153.9
110.1
38.4
−1.0
38.0
42.6
40.6
45.0
−17.4
−16.0
+7.4
+20.7
110.0
+2.4
130.3
125.0
106.0
135.8
150.7
40.3
96.2
183.7
141.8
63.6
+23.9
65.3
68.7
65.8
65.0
+3.2
−5.0
19.3
33.0
126.0
13.8
145.3
140.3
120.7
152.0
166.2
52.6
111.6
197.1
156.1
74.8
36.3
79.0
81.8
77.8
74.6
13.5
32.0
−29.0
−51.3
116.6
60.0
42.0
−40.7
18.6
38.3
64.3
−25.0
52.0
−25.5
−26.7
106.5
36.7
42.5
44.0
41.0
42.0
25.2
82.4
18.5
45.0
41.0
38.2
32.6
47.5
32.3
18.0
95.2
51.0
56.2
−7.4
134.0
40.0
38.4
58.8
−6.8
−31.0
147.8
87.7
96.0
−20.8
43.7
65.7
92.8
−1.6
77.8
−2.4
−4.4
137.2
64.0
71.3
69.3
68.0
68.2
51.0
110.0
45.0
73.5
69.0
66.0
58.0
75.8
57.4
44.0
126.1
76.0
85.3
+16.7
157.8
70.0
67.3
63.8
27.2
−32.0
−2.0
−22.8
−67.6
102.1
105.9
72.4
+4.4
−20.6
163.0
101.5
128.0
−10.9
56.0
79.3
107.4
+10.0
90.2
+9.2
+6.4
151.7
77.9
85.8
81.4
82.0
81.8
64.0
123.8
58.0
87.8
83.2
79.8
70.6
90.0
69.8
56.5
142.0
88.2
99.6
29.3
170.0
85.6
81.7
78.0
40.0
−21.9
+8.3
−12.4
−59.0
117.3
120.2
40
60
100
200
400
760
Temperature, °C
+0.5
−52.0
−24.0
−43.8
−84.3
72.0
76.5
Melting
point,
°C
+6.7
32.1
46.2
143.7
26.3
161.0
156.0
135.6
170.0
183.5
65.8
127.7
212.3
172.6
88.0
50.0
93.8
95.8
91.0
88.0
24.6
123.2
144.0
142.2
276.3
149.2
140.0
146.0
19.8
46.7
60.8
162.1
40.1
179.1
174.2
152.7
189.0
201.5
81.1
145.8
228.0
190.0
102.4
65.3
110.4
111.5
105.8
104.2
36.8
132.0
155.1
152.6
288.4
160.0
152.0
157.7
28.1
56.0
70.0
175.0
49.2
190.0
185.8
164.0
200.2
213.3
90.7
156.7
237.8
200.5
111.7
74.8
121.3
121.8
115.4
114.8
44.5
144.0
170.0
167.5
305.2
175.7
168.0
173.5
38.6
68.0
83.2
191.6
61.3
205.2
200.5
178.5
215.7
227.8
103.6
172.4
250.0
214.7
123.8
88.0
135.3
135.7
128.3
128.1
54.8
161.5
192.5
190.0
330.5
198.0
193.7
196.0
55.0
87.2
102.2
215.3
79.8
227.2
223.0
201.8
239.8
250.0
123.5
196.0
268.4
236.5
142.0
108.0
157.2
155.7
149.9
149.5
70.2
181.0
217.5
214.6
358.0
225.5
220.0
220.5
73.1
108.2
124.0
243.0
100.0
250.4
248.3
226.8
264.6
275.0
146.2
221.4
288.0
258.2
161.8
130.2
181.8
180.0
173.7
172.1
87.4
200.0
243.5
240.0
386.4
254.0
246.0
245.0
92.0
130.5
145.9
270.0
120.8
275.0
273.5
252.5
291.2
300.0
168.5
248.0
307.8
281.5
183.0
153.0
207.2
204.4
197.9
195.9
106.3
87.6
16.6
−9.3
179.8
115.8
165.0
0.0
69.7
93.7
122.6
23.2
103.8
22.1
18.4
167.9
93.0
101.7
95.1
96.7
95.8
78.2
138.6
72.1
103.2
98.6
94.6
84.2
105.8
83.0
70.0
158.0
101.8
114.3
42.1
182.6
101.8
97.2
93.7
55.0
−10.8
21.6
−1.0
−49.7
134.0
135.8
104.0
30.3
+3.5
197.7
131.8
210.0
+12.5
84.2
110.0
139.8
37.0
119.0
36.7
31.8
185.7
110.0
109.5
110.0
113.5
111.5
94.0
154.1
87.8
120.2
116.0
111.8
100.0
122.8
97.8
86.7
177.4
116.3
131.2
57.2
195.8
119.8
114.8
110.8
71.5
+1.6
35.2
+11.9
−39.0
151.5
152.2
115.1
39.2
11.7
209.0
142.0
240.5
20.1
93.9
120.2
149.8
45.8
127.8
46.0
40.3
196.2
120.8
130.0
119.8
123.8
121.5
104.0
165.0
97.5
131.6
127.0
122.2
110.0
134.0
107.3
96.7
188.0
125.9
141.8
66.7
204.5
131.5
125.7
121.8
82.0
9.5
44.0
20.0
−32.3
162.5
163.5
128.7
50.8
22.8
223.3
154.0
285
30.5
106.6
134.0
164.1
57.7
140.5
58.2
51.9
211.5
135.0
145.2
133.0
136.7
133.7
117.7
178.0
110.2
146.0
141.8
136.3
123.5
148.0
119.7
110.0
203.0
137.8
155.2
79.5
214.6
146.0
140.0
136.0
96.2
20.0
55.7
31.4
−23.0
178.0
177.8
149.8
68.8
39.8
245.0
173.8
89.0
58.5
268.3
197.5
110.0
78.0
292.7
−20
−27.5
46.5
125.8
154.2
185.5
75.4
158.0
77.8
69.5
232.8
156.0
167.3
153.0
157.6
154.0
137.8
198.0
130.0
167.8
163.5
157.8
143.5
170.0
138.0
130.2
226.2
155.4
176.2
98.4
229.8
168.2
162.0
157.7
118.0
36.2
73.3
48.0
−9.1
201.5
199.0
64.7
146.7
177.8
209.2
95.5
179.2
99.7
89.5
256.0
180.0
193.0
176.2
180.6
176.9
159.9
219.5
151.6
192.0
188.0
182.2
165.4
195.0
157.8
153.0
250.6
175.2
199.8
120.2
246.4
193.5
187.7
183.0
143.0
54.6
93.0
67.0
+6.8
226.5
222.5
84.4
168.0
201.0
231.8
116.4
198.5
122.0
110.6
280.0
205.2
217.6
199.7
203.3
200.4
183.5
242.0
174.0
216.2
213.8
206.5
188.4
220.0
179.0
179.0
276.3
195.6
223.0
143.0
262.0
218.5
213.0
208.4
169.0
74.1
113.9
86.7
23.7
251.8
246.0
−38.3
51.1
46.5
54.5
139
26.5
−68.7
−36
−19.0
69.5
5.5
11.6
−136
−31.0
−6.2
−24.0
79.5
−102.2
−16.5
51.5
64.5
−95.0
99
−13
29.5
−16.3
−31.5
44.5
65.5
−26
16.5
−22
57
78
52.5
17
63.5
−30.6
−36.7
−73
62
68.5
VAPOR PRESSURES
2-77
TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued )
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Tri-2-chlorophenylthiophosphate
1,1,1-Trichloropropane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Tricosane
Tridecane
Tridecanoic acid
Triethoxymethylsilane
Triethoxyphenylsilane
1,2,4-Triethylbenzene
1,3,4-Triethylbenzene
Triethylborine
Triethyl camphoronate
citrate
Triethyleneglycol
Triethylheptylsilane
Triethyloctylsilane
Triethyl orthoformate
phosphate
Triethylthallium
Trifluorophenylsilane
Trimethallyl phosphate
2,3,5-Trimethylacetophenone
Trimethylamine
2,4,5-Trimethylaniline
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane
Trimethyl citrate
Trimethyleneglycol (1,3-propanediol)
1,2,4-Trimethyl-5-ethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-ethylbenzene
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone
Trimethyl phosphate
2,4,5-Trimethylstyrene
2,4,6-Trimethylstyrene
Trimethylsuccinic anhydride
Triphenylmethane
Triphenylphosphate
Tripropyleneglycol
Tripropyleneglycol monobutyl ether
Tripropyleneglycol monoisopropyl ether
Tritolyl phosphate
Undecane
Undecanoic acid
10-Undecenoic acid
Undecan-2-ol
n-Valeric acid
iso-Valeric acid
γ-Valerolactone
Valeronitrile
Vanillin
Vinyl acetate
2-Vinylanisole
3-Vinylanisole
4-Vinylanisole
Vinyl chloride (1-chloroethylene)
cyanide (acrylonitrile)
fluoride (1-fluoroethylene)
Vinylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethene)
4-Vinylphenetole
2-Xenyl dichlorophosphate
2,4-Xyaldehyde
2-Xylene (2-xylene)
3-Xylene (3-xylene)
4-Xylene (4-xylene)
2,4-Xylidine
2,6-Xylidine
1
5
10
20
188.2
217.2
231.2
246.7
261.7
−28.8
+9.0
−68.0
170.0
59.4
137.8
−1.5
71.0
46.0
47.9
−7.0
33.7
−49.4
206.3
98.3
166.3
+22.8
98.8
74.2
76.0
107.0
114.0
70.0
73.7
+5.5
39.6
+9.3
−31.0
93.7
79.0
−97.1
68.4
16.8
13.6
9.6
150.2
138.7
144.0
99.8
104.8
29.2
67.8
37.6
−9.7
131.0
108.0
−81.7
95.9
42.9
38.3
34.7
106.2
59.4
43.7
38.8
−29.0
−36.5
−25.8
−26.3
14.7
26.0
48.1
37.5
53.5
169.7
193.5
96.0
101.5
82.4
154.6
32.7
101.4
114.0
71.1
42.2
34.5
37.5
−6.0
107.0
−48.0
41.9
43.4
45.2
−105.6
−51.0
−149.3
−77.2
64.0
138.2
59.0
−3.8
−6.9
−8.1
52.6
44.0
146.2
87.2
71.2
67.0
−7.1
−15.0
−3.9
−4.1
36.0
53.7
77.0
65.7
82.6
188.4
230.4
125.7
131.6
112.4
184.2
59.7
133.1
142.8
99.0
67.7
59.6
65.8
+18.1
138.4
−28.0
68.0
69.9
72.0
−90.8
−30.7
−138.0
−60.0
91.7
171.1
85.9
+20.2
+16.8
+15.5
79.8
72.6
+4.2
46.0
−40.3
223.0
104.0
181.0
34.6
112.6
88.5
90.2
−148.0
166.0
144.0
158.1
114.6
120.6
40.5
82.1
51.7
+0.8
149.8
122.3
−73.8
109.0
55.9
50.7
47.4
−18.8
160.4
100.6
84.6
80.5
+3.9
−4.3
+6.9
+7.1
46.4
67.8
91.6
79.7
97.4
197.0
249.8
140.5
147.0
127.3
198.0
73.9
149.0
156.3
112.8
79.8
71.3
79.8
30.0
154.0
−18.0
81.0
83.0
85.7
−83.7
−20.3
−132.2
−51.2
105.6
187.0
99.0
32.1
28.3
27.3
93.0
87.0
16.2
59.3
−30.0
242.0
120.2
195.8
47.2
127.2
104.0
105.8
−140.6
183.6
171.1
174.0
130.3
137.7
53.4
97.8
67.7
12.3
169.8
137.5
−65.0
123.7
69.9
64.5
61.0
−7.5
177.2
115.5
99.7
96.0
16.0
+7.5
19.2
19.3
57.6
83.0
107.1
94.8
113.8
206.8
269.7
155.8
161.8
143.7
213.2
85.6
166.0
172.0
127.5
93.1
84.0
95.2
43.3
170.5
−7.0
94.7
97.2
100.0
−75.7
−9.0
−125.4
−41.7
120.3
205.0
114.0
45.1
41.1
40.1
107.6
102.7
29.9
74.0
−18.5
261.3
137.7
212.4
61.7
143.5
121.7
122.6
−131.4
201.8
190.4
191.3
148.0
155.7
67.5
115.7
85.4
25.4
192.0
154.2
−55.2
139.8
85.4
79.8
76.1
+5.2
194.2
131.0
106.0
113.2
29.5
20.7
33.0
32.9
69.8
100.0
124.2
111.8
131.0
215.5
290.3
173.7
179.8
161.4
229.7
104.4
185.6
188.7
143.7
107.8
98.0
101.9
57.8
188.7
+5.3
110.0
112.5
116.0
−66.8
+3.8
−118.0
−31.1
136.3
223.8
129.7
59.5
55.3
54.4
123.8
120.2
60
100
200
400
760
271.5
283.8
302.8
322.0
341.3
38.3
83.6
−11.2
273.8
148.2
222.0
70.4
153.2
132.2
133.4
−125.2
213.5
202.5
201.5
158.2
168.0
76.0
126.3
95.7
33.2
207.0
165.7
−48.8
149.5
95.3
89.5
85.8
13.3
205.5
141.1
126.3
123.8
38.1
29.1
41.8
41.6
77.3
110.0
135.5
122.3
142.2
221.2
305.2
184.6
190.2
173.2
239.8
115.2
197.2
199.5
153.7
116.6
107.3
122.4
66.9
199.8
13.0
119.8
122.3
126.1
−61.1
11.8
−113.0
−24.0
146.4
236.0
139.8
68.8
64.4
63.5
133.7
131.5
50.0
96.1
−1.7
289.8
162.5
236.0
82.7
167.5
146.8
147.7
−116.0
228.6
217.8
214.6
174.0
184.3
88.0
141.6
112.1
44.2
225.7
179.7
−40.3
162.0
108.8
102.8
98.9
24.4
219.6
153.4
140.3
137.9
49.9
40.7
53.8
53.4
87.6
124.0
149.8
136.8
156.5
228.4
322.5
199.0
204.4
187.8
252.2
128.1
212.5
213.5
167.2
128.3
118.9
136.5
78.6
214.5
23.3
132.3
135.3
139.7
−53.2
22.8
−106.2
−15.0
159.8
251.5
152.2
81.3
76.8
75.9
146.8
146.0
67.7
115.6
+13.5
313.5
185.0
255.2
101.0
188.0
168.3
168.3
−101.0
250.8
242.2
235.2
196.0
208.0
106.0
163.7
136.0
60.1
255.0
201.3
−27.0
182.3
129.0
122.7
118.6
41.2
241.3
172.8
160.3
158.4
67.8
58.1
72.0
71.3
102.2
145.0
171.8
157.8
179.8
239.7
349.8
220.2
224.4
209.7
271.8
149.3
237.8
232.8
187.7
146.0
136.2
157.7
97.7
237.3
38.4
151.0
154.0
159.0
−41.3
38.7
−95.4
−1.0
180.0
275.3
172.3
100.2
95.5
94.6
166.4
168.0
87.5
137.0
30.2
339.8
209.4
276.5
121.8
210.5
193.7
193.2
−81.0
276.0
267.5
256.6
221.0
235.0
125.7
187.0
163.5
78.7
288.5
224.3
−12.5
203.7
152.0
145.4
141.0
60.4
264.2
193.8
184.5
183.5
88.2
78.0
92.7
91.8
118.4
167.8
196.1
182.3
205.5
249.8
379.2
244.3
247.0
232.8
292.7
171.9
262.8
254.0
209.8
165.0
155.2
182.3
118.7
260.0
55.5
172.1
175.8
182.0
−28.0
58.3
−84.0
+14.8
202.8
301.5
194.1
121.7
116.7
115.9
188.3
193.7
108.2
158.0
47.6
366.5
234.0
299.0
143.5
233.5
218.0
217.5
−56.2
301.0
294.0
278.3
247.0
262.0
146.0
211.0
192.1
98.3
324.0
247.5
+2.9
234.5
176.1
169.2
164.7
80.9
287.0
214.2
208.1
208.0
109.8
99.2
114.8
113.5
135.0
192.7
221.2
207.0
231.0
259.2
413.5
267.2
269.5
256.6
313.0
195.8
290.0
275.0
232.0
184.4
175.1
207.5
140.8
285.0
72.5
194.0
197.5
204.5
−13.8
78.5
−72.2
31.7
225.0
328.5
215.5
144.4
139.1
138.3
211.5
217.9
Temperature, °C
Formula
C18H12Cl3O3
PS
C3H5Cl3
C3H5Cl3
C2Cl3F3
C23H48
C13H28
C13H26O2
C7H18O3Si
C12H20O3Si
C12H18
C12H18
C6H15B
C15H26O6
C12H20O7
C6H14O4
C13H30Si
C14H32Si
C7H16O3
C6H15O4P
C6H15Tl
C6H5F3Si
C12H21PO4
C11H14O
C3H9N
C9H13N
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C7H16
C9H14O7
C3H8O2
C11H16
C11H16
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H16O
C3H9O4P
C11H14
C11H14
C7H10O3
C19H16
C18H15O4P
C9H20O4
C13H28O4
C12H26O4
C21H21O4P
C11H24
C11H22O2
C11H20O2
C11H24O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H8O2
C5H9N
C8H8O3
C4H6O2
C9H10O
C9H10O
C9H10O
C2H3Cl
C3H3N
C2H3F
C2H2Cl2
C10H12O
C12H9Cl2PO
C9H10O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H11N
C8H11N
40
Melting
point,
°C
−77.7
−14.7
−35
47.7
−6.2
41
135
−63.0
−117.1
67
−25.5
−44.1
−44.8
−25.0
78.5
−112.3
−107.3
−101.5
−109.2
93.4
49.4
−25.6
29.5
24.5
−34.5
−37.6
81.5
−153.7
−82
−160.5
−122.5
75
−25.2
−47.9
+13.3
2-78
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIOnS
TABLE 2-11 Partial Pressures of Water over Aqueous Solutions of HCl*
log10 pmm = A − B/T, (T in K), which, however, agrees only approximately with the table. The table is more nearly correct.
Partial pressure of H2O, mmHg, °C
% HCl
A
B
0°
5°
10°
15°
20°
25°
30°
35°
40°
45°
50°
60°
6
10
14
18
20
8.99156
8.99864
8.97075
8.98014
8.97877
2282
2295
2300
2323
2334
4.18
3.84
3.39
2.87
2.62
6.04
5.52
4.91
4.21
3.83
8.45
7.70
6.95
5.92
5.40
11.7
10.7
9.65
8.26
7.50
15.9
14.6
13.1
11.3
10.3
21.8
20.0
18.0
15.4
14.1
29.1
26.8
24.1
20.6
19.0
39.4
35.5
31.9
27.5
25.1
50.6
47.0
42.1
36.4
33.3
66.2
61.5
55.3
47.9
43.6
86.0
80.0
72.0
62.5
57.0
139
130
116
102
93.5
22
24
26
28
30
9.02708
8.96022
9.01511
8.97611
9.00117
2363
2356
2390
2395
2422
2.33
2.05
1.76
1.50
1.26
3.40
3.04
2.60
2.24
1.90
4.82
4.31
3.71
3.21
2.73
6.75
6.03
5.21
4.54
3.88
9.30
8.30
7.21
6.32
5.41
12.6
11.4
9.95
8.75
7.52
17.1
15.4
13.5
11.8
10.2
22.8
20.4
18.0
15.8
13.7
30.2
27.1
24.0
21.1
18.4
39.8
35.7
31.7
27.9
24.3
52.0
46.7
41.5
36.5
32.0
32
34
36
38
40
42
9.03317
9.07143
9.11815
9.20783
9.33923
9.44953
2453
2487
2526
2579
2647
2709
1.04
0.85
0.68
0.53
0.41
0.31
1.57
1.29
1.03
0.81
0.63
0.48
2.27
1.87
1.50
1.20
0.94
0.72
3.25
2.70
2.19
1.75
1.37
1.06
4.55
3.81
3.10
2.51
2.00
1.56
6.37
5.35
4.41
3.60
2.88
2.30
11.7
9.95
8.33
6.92
5.68
4.60
15.7
13.5
11.4
9.52
7.85
6.45
21.0
18.1
15.4
13.0
10.7
8.90
27.7
24.0
20.4
17.4
14.5
12.1
8.70
7.32
6.08
5.03
4.09
3.28
70°
80°
90°
100° 110°
220
204
185
162
150
333
310
273
248
230
492
463
425
374
345
715
677
625
550
510
960
892
783
729
85.6
77.0
69.0
60.7
53.5
138
124
112
99.0
87.5
211
194
173
154
136
317
290
261
234
207
467
426
387
349
310
670
611
555
499
444
46.5
40.5
34.8
29.6
25.0
21.2
76.5
66.5
57.0
49.1
42.1
35.8
120
104
90.0
77.5
67.3
57.2
184
161
140
120
105
89.2
275
243
212
182
158
135
396
355
311
266
230
195
∗Uncertainty, ca. 2 percent for solutions of 15 to 30 percent HCl between 0 and 100°; for solutions of > 30 percent HCl the accuracy is ca. 5 percent at the lower
temperatures and ca. 15 percent at the higher temperatures. Below 15 percent HCl, the uncertainty is ca. 5 percent at the lower temperatures and higher strengths to
ca. 15 to 20 percent at the lower strengths and perhaps 15 to 20 percent at the higher temperatures and lower strengths.
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 301.
FIG. 2-1 Vapor pressures of H3PO4 aqueous: partial pressure of H2O vapor. (Courtesy of Victor Chemical Works, Stauffer Chemical Company; measurements by W. H.
Woodstock.)
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIOnS
2-79
TABLE 2-12 Water Partial Pressure, Bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions*
Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10.0
20.0
.582E−02
.117E−01
.223E−01
.404E−01
.703E−01
.117
.189
.296
.449
.664
.534E−02
.107E−01
.205E−01
.373E−01
.649E−01
.109
.175
.275
.417
.617
30.0
.448E−02
.909E−02
.174E−01
.319E−01
.558E−01
.939E−01
.152
.239
.365
.542
40.0
.326E−02
.670E−02
.130E−01
.241E−01
.427E−01
.725E−01
.119
.188
.290
.434
50.0
60.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
.193E−02
.405E−02
.802E−02
.151E−01
.272E−01
.470E−01
.782E−01
.126
.196
.298
.836E−03
.180E−02
.367E−02
.710E−02
.131E−01
.232E−01
.395E−01
.651E−01
.104
.161
.207E−03
.467E−03
.995E−03
.201E−02
.387E−02
.715E−02
.127E−01
.217E−01
.360E−01
.578E−01
.747E−04
.175E−03
.388E−03
.811E−03
.162E−02
.309E−02
.565E−02
.997E−02
.170E−01
.281E−01
.197E−04
.490E−04
.115E−04
.253E−03
.531E−03
.106E−02
.204E−02
.376E−02
.668E−02
.115E−01
.343E−05
.952E−05
.245E−04
.589E−04
.133E−03
.286E−03
.584E−03
.114E−02
.213E−02
.383E−02
.905E−01
.138
.206
.301
.481
.605
.837
1.138
1.525
2.017
.452E−01
.708E−01
.108
.162
.236
.339
.478
.662
.902
1.212
.192E−01
.312E−01
.493E−01
.760E−01
.115
.170
.246
.350
.489
.673
.666E−02
.112E−01
.183E−01
.291E−01
.451E−01
.682E−01
.101
.147
.208
.291
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.957
1.349
1.863
2.524
3.361
4.404
5.685
7.236
9.093
11.289
.891
1.258
1.740
2.361
3.149
4.132
5.342
6.810
8.571
10.658
.786
1.113
1.544
2.101
2.810
3.697
4.793
6.127
7.731
9.640
.634
.904
1.264
1.732
2.333
3.090
4.031
5.185
6.584
8.259
.441
.638
.903
1.253
1.708
2.289
3.021
3.930
5.045
6.397
.244
.360
.519
.734
1.020
1.392
1.870
2.475
3.233
4.169
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
13.861
16.841
20.264
24.160
28.561
33.494
38.984
45.055
51.726
59.015
13.107
15.951
19.225
22.960
27.188
31.939
37.240
43.116
49.590
56.681
11.887
14.505
17.529
20.992
24.927
29.364
34.334
39.865
45.984
52.715
10.245
12.576
15.287
18.414
21.992
26.056
30.642
35.784
41.514
47.865
8.020
9.948
12.217
14.864
17.929
21.452
25.472
30.030
35.168
40.926
5.312
6.696
8.354
10.322
12.641
15.351
18.496
22.121
26.274
31.003
2.632
3.395
4.331
5.466
6.831
8.458
10.382
12.640
15.269
18.311
1.606
2.101
2.714
3.467
4.381
5.480
6.788
8.333
10.142
12.242
.913
1.220
1.609
2.096
2.699
3.435
4.326
5.395
6.663
8.155
.401
.542
.724
.952
1.237
1.587
2.012
2.525
3.136
3.857
300
310
320
330
340
350
66.934
75.495
84.705
94.567
105.083
116.251
64.407
72.781
81.816
91.518
101.894
112.946
60.081
68.100
76.792
86.172
96.252
107.043
54.868
62.553
70.947
80.077
89.969
100.646
47.346
54.470
62.337
70.988
80.463
90.802
36.360
42.395
49.164
56.721
65.123
74.426
21.808
25.804
30.343
35.473
41.240
47.692
14.665
17.438
20.591
24.153
28.154
32.622
9.897
11.912
14.227
16.867
19.855
23.217
4.701
5.680
6.806
8.093
9.551
11.193
Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
99.0
99.5
100.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.518E−06
.159E−05
.448E−05
.117E−04
.285E−04
.652E−04
.141E−03
.290E−03
.569E−03
.107E−02
.242E−06
.762E−06
.220E−05
.587E−05
.146E−04
.341E−04
.754E−04
.158E−03
.316E−03
.606E−03
.107E−06
.344E−06
.101E−05
.275E−05
.696E−05
.166E−04
.372E−04
.795E−04
.162E−03
.315E−03
.401E−07
.130E−06
.390E−06
.108E−05
.278E−05
.672E−05
.154E−04
.334E−04
.691E−04
.137E−03
.218E−07
.713E−07
.215E−06
.598E−06
.155E−05
.379E−05
.875E−05
.192E−04
.400E−04
.801E−04
.980E−08
.323E−07
.978E−07
.275E−06
.720E−06
.177E−05
.413E−05
.912E−05
.192E−04
.388E−04
.569E−08
.188E−07
.572E−07
.161E−06
.424E−06
.105E−05
.245E−05
.544E−05
.115E−04
.234E−04
.268E−08
.888E−08
.271E−07
.766E−07
.202E−06
.503E−06
.118E−05
.263E−05
.559E−05
.114E−04
.775E−09
.258E−08
.789E−08
.224E−07
.595E−07
.149E−06
.350E−06
.784E−06
.168E−05
.343E−05
.196E−09
.655E−09
.201E−08
.575E−08
.153E−07
.384E−07
.910E−07
.205E−06
.439E−06
.903E−06
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.194E−02
.338E−02
.571E−02
.938E−02
.150E−01
.233E−01
.354E−01
.526E−01
.766E−01
.110
.112E−02
.198E−02
.341E−02
.569E−02
.923E−02
.146E−01
.225E−01
.340E−01
.502E−01
.729E−01
.590E−03
.107E−02
.186E−02
.315E−02
.519E−02
.832E−02
.130E−01
.199E−01
.298E−01
.438E−01
.261E−03
.479E−03
.851E−03
.146E−02
.245E−02
.399E−02
.633E−02
.983E−02
.149E−01
.222E−01
.154E−03
.285E−03
.511E−03
.886E−03
.149E−02
.245E−02
.393E−02
.614E−02
.941E−02
.141E−01
.752E−04
.141E−03
.254E−03
.445E−03
.757E−03
.125E−02
.202E−02
.319E−02
.492E−02
.744E−02
.455E−04
.855E−04
.155E−03
.278E−03
.467E−03
.776E−03
.126E−02
.199E−02
.309E−02
.469E−02
.223E−04
.420E−04
.766E−04
.135E−03
.232E−03
.387E−03
.629E−03
.999E−03
.155E−02
.236E−02
.674E−05
.128E−04
.233E−04
.414E−04
.711E−04
.119E−03
.194E−03
.309E−03
.482E−03
.735E−03
.178E−05
.339E−05
.623E−05
.111E−04
.191E−04
.321E−04
.526E−04
.840E−04
.131E−03
.201E−03
.631E−01
.894E−01
.125
.171
.232
.310
.409
.534
.689
.880
.325E−01
.467E−01
.660E−01
.918E−01
.126
.170
.227
.300
.391
.505
.208E−01
.300E−01
.427E−01
.598E−01
.825E−01
.112
.151
.200
.263
.341
.110E−01
.161E−01
.230E−01
.325E−01
.451E−01
.618E−01
.835E−01
.111
.147
.192
.698E−02
.102E−01
.147E−01
.208E−01
.290E−01
.398E−01
.540E−01
.723E−01
.957E−01
.125
.352E−02
.516E−02
.743E−02
.105E−01
.147E−01
.202E−01
.274E−01
.366E−01
.485E−01
.634E−01
.110E−02
.161E−02
.232E−02
.329E−02
.460E−02
.633E−02
.858E−02
.115E−01
.152E−01
.199E−01
.300E−03
.442E−03
.638E−03
.906E−03
.127E−02
.174E−02
.237E−02
.317E−02
.420E−02
.548E−02
.248
.316
.400
.502
.624
.770
.162
.208
.264
.331
.413
.511
.820E−01
.105
.133
.167
.208
.256
.257E−01
.328E−01
.415E−01
.520E−01
.646E−01
.795E−01
.708E−02
.905E−02
.114E−01
.143E−01
.178E−01
.218E−01
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
.154
.213
.290
.389
.514
.673
.870
1.112
1.407
1.763
.104
.146
.201
.273
.366
.485
.635
.822
1.052
1.335
300
310
320
330
340
350
2.190
2.696
3.292
3.990
4.801
5.738
1.676
2.088
2.578
3.159
3.843
4.641
1.112
1.394
1.732
2.133
2.608
3.164
.646
.817
1.025
1.274
1.571
1.922
.437
.556
.701
.875
1.083
1.331
98.0
98.5
∗Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, Calif., 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical
Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
2-80
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-13 Partial Vapor Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide over Water, mmHg
g SO2 /
100 g H2O
Temperature, °C
0
10
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.02
0.38
1.15
2.10
3.17
0.04
0.66
1.91
3.44
5.13
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.50
1.00
4.34
5.57
8.17
10.9
25.8
6.93
8.84
12.8
17.0
39.5
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
20
0.07
1.07
3.03
5.37
7.93
10.6
13.5
19.4
25.6
58.4
30
40
50
60
90
120
0.12
1.68
4.62
8.07
11.8
0.19
2.53
6.80
11.7
17.0
0.29
3.69
9.71
16.5
23.8
0.43
5.24
13.5
22.7
32.6
1.21
12.9
31.7
52.2
73.7
2.82
27.0
63.9
104
145
15.7
19.8
28.3
37.1
83.7
58.6
93.2
129
165
202
88.5
139
192
245
299
129
202
277
353
430
183
285
389
496
602
275
351
542
735
407
517
796
585
741
818
22.5
28.2
40.1
52.3
117
31.4
39.2
55.3
72.0
159
42.8
53.3
74.7
96.8
212
95.8
118
164
211
454
253
393
535
679
824
342
530
720
453
700
955
186
229
316
404
856
Condensed from Rabe, A. E. and Harris, J. F., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 8 (3), 333–336, 1963. Copyright © American Chemical Society and reproduced by permission of the copyright owner.
TABLE 2-14 Partial Pressures of HnO3 and H2O over Aqueous Solutions of HnO3*
mmHg
Percentages are weight % HNO3 in solution.
20%
°C
HNO3
25%
H2O
HNO3
30%
H2O
HNO3
35%
H2O
0
5
10
15
20
4.1
5.7
8.0
10.9
15.2
3.8
5.4
7.6
10.3
14.2
3.6
5.0
7.1
9.7
13.2
25
30
35
40
45
20.6
27.6
36.5
47.5
62
19.2
25.7
33.8
44
57.5
17.8
23.8
31.1
41
53
0.09
0.11
.17
HNO3
40%
H2O
HNO3
3.3
4.6
6.5
8.9
12.0
0.09
.13
.20
.28
16.2
21.7
28.3
37.7
48
0.12
.17
.25
.36
.52
45%
H2O
50%
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
3.0
4.2
5.8
8.0
10.8
0.10
.15
2.6
3.6
5.0
6.9
9.4
0.12
.18
.27
2.1
3.0
4.2
5.8
7.9
14.6
19.5
25.5
33.5
43
.23
.33
.48
.68
.96
12.7
16.9
22.3
29.3
38.0
.39
.56
.80
1.13
1.57
10.7
14.4
19.0
25.0
32.5
49.5
62.5
80
100
126
2.18
2.95
4.05
5.46
7.25
42.5
54
70
88
110
50
55
60
65
70
0.09
.13
.19
.27
80
100
128
162
200
.13
.18
.28
.40
.54
75
94
121
151
187
.25
.35
.51
.71
1.00
69
87
113
140
174
.42
.59
.85
1.18
1.63
63
79
102
127
159
.75
1.04
1.48
2.05
2.80
56
71
90
114
143
1.35
1.83
2.54
3.47
4.65
75
80
85
90
95
.38
.53
.74
1.01
1.37
250
307
378
458
555
.77
1.05
1.44
1.95
2.62
234
287
352
426
517
1.38
1.87
2.53
3.38
4.53
217
267
325
393
478
2.26
3.07
4.15
5.50
7.32
198
243
297
359
436
3.80
5.10
6.83
9.0
11.7
178
218
268
325
394
6.20
8.15
10.7
13.7
17.8
158
195
240
292
355
9.6
12.5
16.3
20.9
26.8
138
170
211
258
315
6.05
7.90
580
690
530
631
755
15.5
20.0
25.7
32.5
480
573
688
810
23.0
29.2
37.0
46
430
520
625
740
34.2
43.0
54.5
67
84
383
463
560
665
785
100
1.87
675
3.50
628
105
2.50
800
4.65
745
110
115
120
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 304–305.
9.7
12.7
16.5
(Continued )
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIOnS
2-81
TABLE 2-14 Partial Pressures of HnO3 and H2O over Aqueous Solutions of HnO3 (Continued )
mmHg
Percentages are weight % HNO3 in solution.
55%
°C
60%
65%
70%
80%
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
0
5
10
15
20
0.14
.21
.31
.45
1.8
2.5
3.5
4.9
6.7
0.19
.28
.41
.59
.84
1.5
2.1
3.0
4.1
5.6
0.41
.60
.86
1.21
1.68
1.3
1.8
2.6
3.5
4.9
0.79
1.12
1.58
2.18
3.00
1.1
1.6
2.2
3.0
4.1
25
30
35
40
45
.66
.93
1.30
1.82
2.50
9.1
12.2
16.1
21.3
28.0
1.21
1.66
2.28
3.10
4.20
7.7
10.3
13.6
18.1
23.7
2.32
3.17
4.26
5.70
7.55
6.6
8.8
11.6
15.5
20.0
4.10
5.50
7.30
9.65
12.6
5.5
7.4
9.8
12.8
16.7
50
55
60
65
70
3.41
4.54
6.15
8.18
10.7
36.3
46
60
76
95
5.68
7.45
9.9
13.0
16.8
31
39
51
64
81
10.0
12.8
16.8
21.7
27.5
26.0
33.0
43.0
54.5
68
16.5
21.0
27.1
34.5
43.3
21.8
27.3
35.3
44.5
56
75
80
85
90
95
13.9
18.0
23.0
29.4
37.3
120
148
182
223
272
21.8
27.5
34.8
43.7
55.0
102
126
156
192
233
35.0
43.5
54.5
67.5
83.5
100
105
110
115
120
125
47
58.5
73
90
110
331
400
485
575
685
69.5
84.5
103
126
156
187
285
345
417
495
590
700
103
124
152
181
218
260
HNO3
90%
100%
H 2O
HNO3
H 2O
2
3
4
6
8
1.2
1.7
2.4
5.5
8
11
15
20
10.5
14
18.5
24.5
32
3.2
4
5.5
7
9.5
27
36
47
62
80
1
1.3
1.8
2.4
3
57
77
102
133
170
11
15
22
30
42
41
52
67
85
106
12
15
20
25
31
103
127
157
192
232
4
5
6.5
8
10
215
262
320
385
460
540
625
720
820
86
106
131
160
195
54.5
67.5
83
103
125
70
86
107
130
158
130
158
192
230
278
38
48
60
73
89
282
338
405
480
570
13
16
20
24
29
238
288
345
410
490
580
152
183
221
262
312
372
192
231
278
330
393
469
330
392
465
545
640
108
129
155
185
219
675
790
35
42
TABLE 2-15 Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions
of CH3COOH*
Percentages of weight % acetic acid in the solution
mmHg
°C
25%
50%
75%
20
25
30
35
40
16.3
22.1
29.6
39.4
51.7
15.7
21.4
28.8
38.3
50.2
15.3
20.8
27.8
36.6
48.1
45
50
55
60
65
67.0
87.2
110
141
178
65.0
85.0
107
138
172
62.0
80.1
102
130
162
70
75
80
85
90
223
277
342
419
510
216
269
331
407
497
203
251
310
376
458
95
100
618
743
602
725
550
666
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306.
HNO3
2-82
TABLE 2-16 Partial Pressure of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of nH3 (psia)
Liquid mole percent NH3
(liquid weight percent NH3)
0
5
10
15
(0)
(4.74)
(9.5)
(14.29)
32
40
50
60
70
0.089
0.122
0.178
0.256
0.363
0.083
0.115
0.168
0.242
0.343
0.077
0.106
0.156
0.225
0.320
0.071
0.097
0.143
0.207
0.294
80
90
100
110
120
0.507
0.699
0.951
1.277
1.695
0.479
0.661
0.899
1.209
1.607
0.448
0.618
0.843
1.135
1.510
130
140
150
160
170
2.226
2.893
3.723
4.747
6.000
2.112
2.748
3.540
4.519
5.717
180
190
200
210
220
7.520
9.350
11.538
14.136
17.201
230
240
250
20.796
24.986
29.844
t, °F
20
25
30
35
40
45
80
85
90
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
0.063
0.087
0.129
0.186
0.266
0.055
0.077
0.113
0.164
0.235
0.047
0.065
0.097
0.142
0.204
0.039
0.054
0.081
0.119
0.172
0.031
0.044
0.066
0.098
0.143
0.025
0.035
0.053
0.079
0.116
0.019
0.027
0.041
0.062
0.093
0.014
0.021
0.032
0.049
0.073
0.011
0.016
0.025
0.038
0.058
0.008
0.012
0.019
0.030
0.045
0.006
0.009
0.014
0.023
0.036
0.004
0.007
0.011
0.018
0.028
0.003
0.005
0.008
0.014
0.022
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.010
0.016
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.007
0.011
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.413
0.571
0.780
1.052
1.402
0.374
0.518
0.710
0.960
1.283
0.332
0.462
0.634
0.861
1.154
0.289
0.403
0.556
0.758
1.021
0.245
0.345
0.479
0.656
0.889
0.205
0.290
0.405
0.559
0.763
0.168
0.240
0.338
0.470
0.647
0.136
0.196
0.279
0.392
0.544
0.109
0.159
0.228
0.324
0.455
0.087
0.128
0.186
0.268
0.380
0.069
0.103
0.152
0.220
0.316
0.055
0.083
0.123
0.181
0.263
0.043
0.066
0.100
0.148
0.217
0.034
0.052
0.079
0.119
0.176
0.025
0.040
0.061
0.092
0.137
0.018
0.028
0.043
0.065
0.099
0.010
0.015
0.024
0.036
0.056
1.988
2.591
3.343
4.273
5.416
1.850
2.415
3.122
4.000
5.079
1.696
2.221
2.879
3.698
4.709
1.532
2.012
2.618
3.374
4.312
1.361
1.796
2.347
3.039
3.902
1.192
1.582
2.078
2.706
3.493
1.030
1.376
1.821
2.387
3.101
0.881
1.186
1.582
2.090
2.736
0.747
1.016
1.367
1.821
2.405
0.632
0.867
1.177
1.584
2.110
0.532
0.738
1.013
1.376
1.851
0.448
0.628
0.870
1.194
1.622
0.376
0.532
0.746
1.033
1.418
0.313
0.448
0.634
0.887
1.229
0.257
0.371
0.529
0.748
1.047
0.202
0.295
0.425
0.607
0.858
0.147
0.216
0.314
0.453
0.647
0.083
0.124
0.183
0.267
0.386
7.174
8.931
11.035
13.538
16.496
6.807
8.488
10.504
12.910
15.758
6.397
7.994
9.916
12.213
14.941
5.947
7.452
9.270
11.449
14.047
5.465
6.873
8.580
10.635
13.095
4.968
6.275
7.869
9.796
12.115
4.472
5.680
7.160
8.962
11.141
3.995
5.107
6.479
8.160
10.205
3.551
4.573
5.842
7.410
9.331
3.148
4.086
5.262
6.725
8.534
2.787
3.650
4.740
6.110
7.817
2.468
3.262
4.275
5.559
7.175
2.184
2.914
3.856
5.061
6.592
1.928
2.598
3.470
4.598
6.045
1.688
2.297
3.098
4.146
5.504
1.451
1.994
2.718
3.675
4.932
1.201
1.669
2.300
3.147
4.277
0.917
1.290
1.802
2.502
3.455
0.555
0.793
1.129
1.600
2.262
19.971
24.029
28.744
19.111
23.037
27.607
18.162
21.943
26.358
17.124
20.748
24.996
16.020
19.479
23.549
14.886
18.179
22.070
13.760
16.889
20.608
12.679
15.654
19.212
11.672
14.506
17.917
10.754
13.463
16.748
9.930
12.530
15.708
9.192
11.696
14.783
8.522
10.938
13.946
7.889
10.221
13.153
7.255
9.496
12.346
6.573
8.703
11.452
5.777
7.759
10.369
4.751
6.508
8.891
3.196
4.520
6.413
(19.1)
50
55
60
65
70
75
95
The values in Table 2-16 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and
Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia
mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27:63–96 (1998).
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIOnS
TABLE 2-17 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of
Sodium Carbonate*
TABLE 2-18 Partial Pressures of H2O and CH3OH over Aqueous
Solutions of Methyl Alcohol*
mmHg
%Na2CO3
t, °C
0
5
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
4.5
9.2
17.5
31.8
55.3
92.5
149.5
239.8
355.5
526.0
760.0
4.5
9.0
17.2
31.2
54.2
90.7
146.5
235
348
516
746
8.8
16.8
30.4
53.0
88.7
143.5
230.5
342
506
731
15
20
16.3
29.6
57.6
86.5
139.9
225
334
494
715
25
28.8
50.2
84.1
136.1
219
325
482
697
27.8
48.4
81.2
131.6
211.5
315
467
676
2-83
30
39.9°C
Mole
fraction
CH3OH
PH2O,
mmHg
PCH3OH ,
mmHg
0
14.99
17.85
21.07
27.31
31.06
40.1
47.0
55.8
68.9
86.0
100.0
54.7
39.2
38.5
37.2
35.8
34.9
32.8
31.5
27.3
20.7
10.1
0
0
66.1
75.5
85.2
100.6
108.8
127.7
141.6
158.4
186.6
225.2
260.7
26.4
46.1
77.5
125.7
202.5
301
447
648
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 372.
59.4°C
Mole
fraction
CH3OH
PH2O,
mmHg
PCH3OH ,
mmHg
0
22.17
27.40
33.24
39.80
47.08
55.5
69.2
78.5
85.9
100.0
145.4
106.9
102.2
96.6
91.7
84.8
76.9
57.8
43.8
30.1
0
0
210.1
240.2
272.1
301.9
335.6
373.7
439.4
486.6
526.9
609.3
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 290.
TABLE 2-19 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Hydroxide*
mmHg
Conc.
g NaOH/
100 g H2O
Temperature, °C
0
20
40
0
4.6
17.5
55.3
5
4.4
16.9
53.2
10
4.2
16.0
50.6
20
3.6
13.9
44.2
30
2.9
11.3
36.6
40
2.2
8.7
28.7
50
6.3
20.7
60
4.4
15.5
70
3.0
10.9
80
2.0
7.6
90
1.3
5.2
100
0.9
3.6
120
1.7
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
500
700
1000
2000
4000
8000
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 370.
60
80
100
120
160
200
250
300
350
149.5
143.5
137.0
120.5
101.0
81.0
62.5
47.0
34.5
24.5
17.5
12.5
6.3
3.0
1.5
355.5
341.5
325.5
288.5
246.0
202.0
160.5
124.0
94.0
70.5
53.0
38.5
20.5
11.0
6.0
3.5
2.0
0.5
0.1
760.0
730.0
697.0
621.0
537.0
450.0
368.0
294.0
231.0
179.0
138.0
105.0
61.0
35.5
20.5
12.0
7.0
2.0
0.5
1,489
1,430
1,365
1,225
1,070
920
770
635
515
415
330
262
164
102
63
40
25
8
2.7
0.9
4,633
4,450
4,260
3,860
3,460
3,090
2,690
2,340
2,030
1,740
1,490
1,300
915
765
470
340
245
110
50
23
11
11,647
11,200
10,750
9,800
8,950
8,150
7,400
6,750
6,100
5,500
5,000
4,500
3,650
2,980
2,430
1,980
1,620
985
610
380
240
100
29,771
28,600
27,500
25,300
23,300
21,500
19,900
18,400
17,100
15,800
14,700
13,650
11,800
10,300
8,960
7,830
6,870
5,000
3,690
2,750
2,080
1,210
440
64,200
61,800
59,300
54,700
50,800
47,200
44,100
41,200
38,700
36,300
34,200
32,200
28,800
25,900
23,300
21,200
19,200
15,400
12,500
10,300
8,600
6,100
3,300
1,470
150
123,600
118,900
114,100
105,400
98,000
91,600
85,800
80,700
76,000
71,900
68,100
64,600
58,600
53,400
49,000
45,100
41,800
35,000
29,800
25,700
22,400
17,500
11,500
6,800
1,760
120
7
2-84
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
WATER VAPOR COnTEnT In GASES
The accompanying figure is useful in determining the water vapor content
of air at high pressure in contact with liquid water.
FIG. 2-2 Water content in air at pressures over atmospheric. (Landsbaum, E.M., W.S. Dodds, and L.F. Stutzman. Reprinted from vol. 47, January 1955 issue of Ind. Eng. Chem. [p. 192].
Copyright 1955 by the American Chemical Society and reproduced by permission of the copyright owner.) For other water-in-air data, see Table 2-111, Fig. 2-3 and Section 12 figures
and tables.
SOLUBILITIES
Unit Conversions For this subsection, the following unit conversions
are applicable: °F = 9⁄5°C + 32. To convert cubic centimeters to cubic feet,
multiply by 3.532 × 10−5. To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force
per square inch, multiply by 0.01934. To convert grams per liter to pounds
per cubic foot, multiply by 6.243 × 10−2.
Introduction The database containing solubilities was originally published in the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Solubility Data
Series. It is available at no cost online at http://srdata.nist.gov/solubility.
The H in the following tables is the proportionality constant in
Henry’s law, p = Hx, where x is the mole fraction of the solute in the aqueous
liquid phase; p is the partial pressure in atm of the solute in the gas phase;
and H is a proportionality constant, generally referred to as Henry’s constant.
Values of H often have considerable uncertainty and are strong functions of
temperature. To convert values of H at 25°C from atm to atm/(mol/m3),
divide by the molar density of water at 25°C, which is 55,342 mol/m3. Henry’s
law is valid only for dilute solutions.
Additional values of Henry’s constant can be found in “Environmental Simulation Program,” OLI Systems, Inc., Morris Plains, N.J.; “Estimated Henry’s Law
Constant,” EPA Online Tools for Site Assessment Calculation (http://www.epa
.gov/athens/learn2model/part-two/onsite/esthenry.htm); Rolf Sander, “Compilation of Henry’s Law Constants for Inorganic and Organic Species of
Potential Importance in Environmental Chemistry,” Air Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute of Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; Rolf Sander,
“Modeling Atmospheric Chemistry: Interactions between Gas-Phase Species
and Liquid Cloud/Aerosol Particles,” Surv. Geophys. 20: 1–31, 1999 (http://
www.henrys-law.org).
TABLE 2-20 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures*
This table shows the grams of anhydrous substance that are soluble in 100 g of water at the temperature in degrees Celsius as indicated; when the name is followed by †, the value is expressed in grams of substance in 100 cm3
of saturated solution. Solid phase gives the hydrated form in equilibrium with the saturated solution.
Substance
Formula
Solid
phase
AlCl3
Al2(SO4)3
(NH4)2Al2(SO4)4
6H2O
18H2O
24H2O
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Aluminum chloride
sulfate
Ammonium aluminum
sulfate
bicarbonate
bromide
chloride
chloroplatinate
chromate
chromium sulfate
dichromate
dihydrogen phosphite
hydrogen phosphate
iodide
magnesium phosphate
manganese phosphate
nitrate
oxalate
perchlorate†
persulfate
sulfate
thiocyanate
vanadate (meta)
Antimonious fluoride
sulfide
Arsenic oxide
Arsenious sulfide
NH4HCO3
NH4Br
NH4Cl
(NH4)2PtCl6
(NH4)2CrO4
(NH4)2Cr2(SO4)4
(NH4)2Cr2O7
NH4H2PO3
(NH4)2HPO4
NH4I
NH4MgPO4
NH4MnPO4
NH4NO3
(NH4)2C2O4
NH4ClO4†
(NH4)2S2O8
(NH4)2SO4
NH4CNS
NH4VO3
SbF3
Sb2S3
As2O5
As2S3
27
28
29
Barium acetate
acetate
carbonate
Ba(C2H3O2)2
Ba(C2H3O2)2
BaCO3
3H2O
1H2O
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
chlorate
chloride
chromate
hydroxide
iodide
iodide
nitrate
nitrite
oxalate
Ba(ClO3)2
BaCl2
BaCrO4
Ba(OH)2
BaI2
BaI2
Ba(NO3)2
Ba(NO2)2
BaC2O4
1H2O
2H2O
1
2
3
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
perchlorate
sulfate
Beryllium sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Boric acid
Boron oxide
Bromine
Cadmium chloride
chloride
chloride
cyanide
hydroxide
Ba(ClO4)2
BaSO4
BeSO4
BeSO4
BeSO4
H3BO3
B2O3
Br2
CdCl2
CdCl2
CdCl2
Cd(CN)2
Cd(OH)2
52
53
54
sulfate
Calcium acetate
acetate
CdSO4
Ca(C2H3O2)2
Ca(C2H3O2)2
0°C
10°C
31.2
2.1
33.5
4.99
11.9
60.6
29.4
15.8
68
33.3
0.7
171
1H2O
154.2
0.023
118.3
2.2
11.56
58.2
70.6
119.8
163.2
3.1
73.0
144
384.7
8H2O
6H2O
2H2O
1H2O
3H2O
6H2O
4H2O
2H2O
4H2O
2½H2O
1H2O
2H2O
1H2O
30°C
40°C
50°C
60°C
70°C
80°C
90°C
100°C
40.4
10.94
46.1
14.88
52.2
20.10
59.2
26.70
66.1
73.0
80.8
89.0
109.796°
21
75.5
37.2
27
83.2
41.4
91.1
45.8
99.2
50.4
107.8
55.2
116.8
60.2
126
65.6
135.6
71.3
145.6
77.3
1.25
190.5
0.036
0
297.0
8.0
30.58
199.6
0.030
208.9
0.040
0
421.0
218.7
0.016
0.005
499.0
228.8
0.019
0.007
580.0
10.7825°
24II2O
6H2O
7H2O
20°C
69.8615°
36.4
7.74
59.5
5.17 × 10−5
at 18°
59
62.1
63
0.00168°
20.34
31.6
0.0002
1.67
170.2
5.0
26.95
33.3
0.00028
2.48
185.7
7.0
0.00168°
205.8
1.15 × 10−4
2.66
1.1
4.22
97.59
90.01
76.48
37.4
2.0 × 10−4
19014.5°
13115
172.3
0.052
0
192
4.4
20.85
75.4
170
0.48
444.7
0.00017518°
65.8
71
0.002218°
33.80
35.7
0.00037
3.89
203.1
9.2
67.5
0.002218°
289.1
2.4 × 10−4
3.57
1.5
3.4
125.1
5.04
2.2
3.20
135.1
134.5
1.715°
76.00
36.0
76.60
34.7
40.4
47.17
26031°
181.4
241.8
5.9
78.0
207.7
0.84
563.6
81.0
69.5
71.2
1.32
75
0.0024
at 24.2°
41.70
38.2
0.00046
5.59
219.6
11.6
0.0024
at 24.2°
2.85 × 10−4
52
43.78
6.60
3.13
48.19
95.3
103.3
75.1
76.7
77
74
74
49.61
40.7
43.6
66.81
46.4
49.4
8.22
13.12
20.94
358.7
426.3
46.74
135.3
75
84.84
52.4
261.0
27.0
205.8
495.2
62
14.81
6.2
136.5
104.9
58.8
101.4
247.3
20.3
60.67
11.54
57.01
3.05
73.0
17.1
871.0
88.0
1.78
231.9
14.2
740.0
39.05
79
8.72
4.0
132.1
344.0
10.3
250.3
16.73
271.7
34.2
300
562.3
84.76
23.75
9.5
83
98
30.38
140.4
100
110
40.25
15.7
147.0
−4
2.6 × 10
at 25°
33.8
78.54
33.2
83.68
32.7
33.5
63.13
60.77
31.1
29.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
2-85
(Continued )
2-86
TABLE 2-20 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures* (Continued )
This table shows the grams of anhydrous substance that are soluble in 100 g of water at the temperature in degrees Celsius as indicated; when the name is followed by †, the value is expressed in grams of substance in 100
cm3 of saturated solution. Solid phase gives the hydrated form in equilibrium with the saturated solution.
Substance
Formula
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Calcium bicarbonate
chloride
chloride
fluoride
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrate
nitrate
nitrite
nitrite
oxalate
Ca(HCO3)2
CaCl2
CaCl2
CaF2
Ca(OH)2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO2)2
Ca(NO2)2
CaC2O4
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
sulfate
Carbon dioxide, 760 mm ‡
monoxide, 760 mm ‡
Cesium chloride
nitrate
sulfate
Chlorine, 760 mm ‡
Chromic anhydride
Cuprio chloride
nitrate
nitrate
sulfate
sulfide
CaSO4
CO2
CO
CsCl
CsNO3
Cs2SO4
Cl2
CrO3
CuCl2
Cu(NO3)2
Cu(NO3)2
CuSO4
CuS
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Cuprous chloride
Ferric chloride
Ferrous chloride
chloride
nitrate
sulfate
sulfate
Hydrobromic acid, 760 mm
Hydrochloric acid, 760 mm
Iodine
Lead acetate
bromide
carbonate
chloride
chromate
fluoride
nitrate
sulfate
Magnesium bromide
chloride
hydroxide
nitrate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Manganous sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Mercurous chloride
Molybdic oxide
Nickel chloride
nitrate
nitrate
sulfate
sulfate
Nitric oxide, 760 mm
Nitrous oxide
CuCl
FeCl3
FeCl2
FeCl2
Fe(NO3)2
FeSO4
FeSO4
HBr
HCl
I2
Pb(C2H3O2)2
PbBr2
PbCO3
PbCl2
PbCrO4
PbF2
Pb(NO3)2
PbSO4
MgBr2
MgCl2
Mg(OH)2
Mg(NO3)2
MgSO4
MgSO4
MgSO4
MnSO4
MnSO4
MnSO4
MnSO4
HgCl
MoO3
NiCl2
Ni(NO3)2
Ni(NO3)2
NiSO4
NiSO4
NO
N2O
Solid
phase
6H2O
2H2O
4H2O
3H2O
0°C
16.15
59.5
65.0
0.185
102.0
0.176
115.3
4H2O
2H2O
62.07
2H2O
0.1759
0.3346
0.0044
161.4
9.33
167.1
1.46
164.9
70.7
81.8
2H2O
6H2O
3H2O
5H2O
4H2O
6H2O
7H2O
1H2O
3H2O
10°C
6.7 × 10−4
at 13°
0.1928
0.2318
0.0035
174.7
14.9
173.1
0.980
73.76
95.28
17.4
74.4
81.9
64.5
221.2
82.3
20.51
210.3
0.6728
6H2O
6H2O
6H2O
7H2O
6H2O
1H2O
7H2O
5H2O
4H2O
1H2O
2H2O
6H2O
6H2O
3H2O
7H2O
6H2O
66.55
40.8
53.23
0.060
48.3
0.0035
94.5
53.5
30.9
42.2
60.01
59.5
0.00014
53.9
79.58
59.5
27.22
32
0.00984
0.001618°
0.165
129.3
6.8 × 10−4
at 25°
0.1688
0.0028
186.5
23.0
178.7
0.716
77.0
125.1
20.7
3.3 × 10−5
at 18°
1.5225°
91.8
83.8
26.5
198
0.029
0.4554
38.8
0.0028
91.0
52.8
16.60
74.5
30°C
102
0.001726°
0.153
152.6
40°C
50°C
17.05
0.00757
0.1705
0.85
0.00011
0.99
7 × 10−6
0.064
56.5
0.0041
96.5
54.5
0.000918°
9.5 × 10−4
at 50°
0.2090
0.1257
0.0024
197.3
33.9
184.1
0.562
0.141
195.9
237.5
70°C
17.50
0.128
0.116
80.34
25
159.8
28.5
33.3
73.0
77.3
315.1
82.5
32.9
40.2
48.6
90°C
0.106
147.0
0.094
0.2047
0.0576
0.0015
229.7
83.8
199.9
0.324
151.9
0.085
0.077
244.8
0.0010
250.0
134.0
210.3
0.219
91.2
99.2
178.8
40
207.8
55
88.7
525.8
100
165.6
50.9
159
363.6
0.1966
0.0013
239.5
107.0
205.0
0.274
100°C
18.40
152.7
358.7
132.6
0.0761
0.0018
218.5
64.4
194.9
0.386
182.1
87.44
80°C
17.95
141.7
281.5
14 × 10−4
at 95°
0.2097
0.0973
0.0021
208.0
47.2
189.9
0.451
174.0
83.8
43.6
0.0006
260.1
163.0
214.9
0.125
217.5
0.1619
0
0
270.5
197.0
220.3
0
206.8
107.9
75.4
535.7
105.3
37.3
105.8
67.3
0.04
55.0425°
1.15
63.3
0.056
171.5
59.6
0.078
1.53
1.94
2.36
3.34
4.75
1.20
1.45
1.70
1.98
2.62
3.34
0.068
66
0.0049
99.2
35.5
44.5
40.8
45.3
62.9
64.5
67.76
66.44
0.0002
0.138
64.2
96.31
0.264
68.9
75
0.0056
101.6
57.5
84.74
45.6
68.8
0.0007
0.476
73.3
122.2
42.46
0.00618
0.1211
60°C
136.8
76.68
14.3
71.02
15.65
20°C
0.00517
0.00440
56.1
85
95
104.1
107.5
61.0
115
130
38.8
113.7
66.0
120.2
73.0
137.0
50.4
53.5
59.5
64.2
62.9
69.0
74.0
68.3
72.6
58.17
55.0
52.0
48.0
42.5
34.0
0.687
78.3
1.206
82.2
2.055
85.2
163.1
50.15
0.00376
54.80
0.00324
2.106
169.1
59.44
0.00267
87.6
235.1
63.17
0.00199
0.00114
76.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Potassium acetate
acetate
alum
bicarbonate
bisulfate
bitartrate
carbonate
chlorate
chloride
chromate
dichromate
ferricyanide
hydroxide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrite
perchlorate
permanganate
persulfate†
sulfate
thiocyanate
Silver cyanide
nitrate
sulfate
Sodium acetate
acetate
bicarbonate
carbonate
carbonate
chlorate
chloride
chromate
chromate
chromate
dichromate
dichromate
dihydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
hydrogen arsenate
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
hydroxide
hydroxide
hydroxide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrite
oxalate
phosphate, tripyrophosphate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfide
sulfide
sulfide
sulfite
sulfite
tetraborate
tetraborate
vanadate (meta)
KC2H3O2
KC2H3O2
K2SO4⋅Al2(SO4)3
KHCO3
KHSO4
KHC4H4O6
K2CO3
KClO3
KCl
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
K3Fe(CN)6
KOH
KOH
KNO3
KNO2
KClO4
KMnO4
K2S2O8†
K2SO4
KCNS
AgCN
AgNO3
Ag2SO4
NaC2H3O2
NaC2H3O2
NaHCO3
Na2CO3
Na2CO3
NaClO8
NaCl
Na2CrO4
Na2CrO4
Na2CrO4
Na2Cr2O7
Na2Cr2O7
NaH2PO4
NaH2PO4
NaH2PO4
Na2HAsO4
Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4
NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
NaNO3
NaNO2
Na2C2O4
Na3PO4
Na4P2O7
Na2SO4
Na2SO4
Na2SO4
Na2S
Na2S
Na2S
Na2SO3
Na2SO3
Na2B4O7
Na2B4O7
NaVO8
1½H2O
½H2O
24H2O
2H2O
2H2O
1H2O
†
3H2O
10H2O
1H2O
10H2O
4H2O
216.7
233.9
255.6
3.0
22.4
36.3
0.32
105.5
3.3
27.6
58.2
5
31
97
4.0
27.7
5.9
33.2
51.4
0.53
110.5
7.4
34.0
61.7
12
43
112
13.3
278.8
0.75
2.83
1.62
7.35
177.0
20.9
122
0.573
36.3
119
6.9
7
170
0.695
40.8
121
8.15
12.5
31.6
298.4
1.80
6.4
4.49
11.11
217.5
2.2 × 10−5
222
0.796
46.5
123.5
9.6
21.5
79
35.65
31.70
89
35.72
50.17
101
35.89
88.7
2H2O
163.0
2H2O
1H2O
57.9
12H2O
12H2O
7H2O
2H2O
4H2O
3½H2O
1H2O
12H2O
10H2O
10H2O
7H2O
9H2O
5½H2O
6H2O
7H2O
10H2O
5H2O
2H2O
0.40
108
5
31.0
60.0
7
36
103
7.3
1.67
42
1.05
4.4
2.60
9.22
0.90
113.7
10.5
37.0
63.4
20
50
126
45.8
2.6
9.0
7.19
12.97
11.70
45.4
67.3
1.32
116.9
14
40.0
65.2
26
60
63.9
334.9
4.4
12.56
9.89
14.76
4.1
3.95
9.0
30
15.42
18.8
22.5
20
26.9
36
20
9.95
40.8
3.9
202
16.50
18.17
19.75
21.4
22.8
1.22
669
1.30
114.6
96
91.6
169
54.0
73.9
70
18
158.6
80.2
1.36
146
153
172
37.46
45.8
189
37.93
123.0
316.7
124.8
376.2
179.3
65
190.3
207.3
85
225.3
82.9
88.1
92.4
102.9
244.8
88
84.5
3.7
11
6.23
19.4
44
138
147.5
14.8
104
119
48.3
70.4
52
4.6
139.8
38.5
51.1
72.1
61
396.3
109.0
11.8
95.96
51.8
133.1
380.1
71.0
9
22.2
88.7
47
364.8
40.0
6.5
16.89
46.4
155
37.04
37
20.8
15.325°
110.0
140
36.69
26.5
7.7
2.7
140
85.5
48.5
126
36.37
15.5
3.6
1.6
2.46
126.8
24.5
45.5
68.6
43
66
525
1.15
139
139.5
16.4
138.2
1.5
3.16
5.0
19.5
1.83
121.2
19.3
42.6
66.8
34
455
1.08
83
134
14.45
106.5
109
350
24.75
60.0
376
0.979
65.5
129.5
12.7
85.2
51.5
337.3
17.00
300
0.888
54.5
126
11.1
38.8
50.5
113
36.09
69.9
80
78.0
1.3
8.39
39.1
323.3
177.8
73
72.1
13.9
283.8
129
145
174
104
98.4
114
104.1
124
161
38.47
121.6
6.95
155.7
57
56.7
75.6
80
82.6104
178
246
412.8
21.8
24.1
952
1.41
170
45.5
230
38.99
125.9
426.3
102.2
31
13.50
43
17.45
55
21.83
81
30.04
347
180
163.2
6.33
108
40.26
48.8
28.5
46.7
45.3
43.7
42.5
39.82
36.4
42.69
39.1
28
28.2
10.5
28.8
20.3
30.2
68.4
148
132.6
45.73
43.31
51.40
49.14
313
246.6
59.23
57.28
28.3
24.4
31.5
41
52.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
2-87
∗By N. A. Lange; abridged from “Table of Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures” in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961 (except for NaCl, which is from CRC
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, 2005). For tables of the solubility of gases in water at various temperatures, Atack (Handbook of Chemical Data, Reinhold, New York, 1957) gives values at closer
temperature intervals, usually 1 or 5°C, than are tabulated here. For materials marked by ‡, additional data are given in tables subsequent to this one. For the solubility of various hydrocarbons in water at high pressures
see J. Chem. Eng. Data, 4, 212 (1959).
2-88
TABLE 2-20 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures (Continued )
This table shows the grams of anhydrous substance that are soluble in 100 g of water at the temperature in degrees Celsius as indicated; when the name is followed by †, the value is expressed in grams of substance in 100 cm3
of saturated solution. Solid phase gives the hydrated form in equilibrium with the saturated solution.
Substance
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Sodium vanadate (meta)
Stannous chloride
sulfate
Strontium acetate
acetate
chloride
chloride
nitrate
nitrate
nitrate
sulfate
Sulfur dioxide, 760 mm†
Thallium sulfate
Thorium sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Zinc chlorate
chlorate
nitrate
nitrate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Formula
NaVO3
SnCl2
SnSO4
Sr(C2H3O2)2
Sr(C2H3O2)2
SrCl2
SrCl2
Sr(NO3)2
Sr(NO3)2
Sr(NO3)2
SrSO4
SO2
Tl2SO4
Th(SO4)2
Th(SO4)2
Th(SO4)2
Th(SO4)2
ZnClO3
ZnClO3
Zn(NO3)2
Zn(NO3)2
ZnSO4
ZnSO4
ZnSO4
Solid
phase
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
21.10 °
269.815°
19
25
83.9
4H2O
½H2O
6H2O
2H2O
1H2O
4H2O
9H2O
8H2O
6H2O
4H2O
6H2O
4H2O
6H2O
3H2O
7H2O
6H2O
1H2O
36.9
43.5
43.61
42.95
47.7
41.6
52.9
52.7
40.1
64.0
70.5
0.0113
22.83
2.70
0.74
1.0
1.50
0.0114
11.29
4.87
1.38
1.62
1.90
145.0
16.21
3.70
0.98
1.25
152.5
94.78
41.9
47
200.3
118.3
54.4
40°C
50°C
26.23
60°C
70°C
80°C
36.9
38.8 °
36.24
36.10
85.9
90.5
93.8
96
98
10.92
12.74
14.61
16.53
18.45
6.64
1.63
1.09
86.6
83.7
80.8
32.97
90°C
100°C
75
18
39.5
58.7
88.6
0.0114
7.81
6.16
1.995
2.45
209.2
65.3
37.35
72.4
81.8
83.8
97.2
90.1
2.998
5.41
4.5
9.21
5.22
4.04
2.54
223.2
36.4
130.4
100.8
139
100
273.1
206.9
70.1
76.8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
SOLUBILITIES
2-89
TABLE 2-21 Solubility as a Function of Temperature and Henry’s Constant at 25çC for Gases in Water
Name
Acetylene
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ethane
Ethylene
Helium
Hydrogen
Methane
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Formula
A
−156.51
−159.854
−171.764
−250.812
−153.027
−105.9768
−125.939
−338.217
−181.587
−171.2542
C2H2
CO2
CO
C2H6
C2H4
He
H2
CH4
N2
O2
C
D
T range, K
H at 25°C, atm
21.403
21.6694
23.3376
34.7413
20.5248
14.0094
16.8893
51.9144
24.7981
23.24323
0
−1.10261E-03
0
0
0
0
0
−0.0425831
0
0
274–343
273–353
273–353
275–323
287–346
273–348
273–345
273–523
273–350
273–333
1,330
1,635
58,000
29,400
11,726
142,900
70,800
39,200
84,600
43,400
B
8,160.2
8,741.68
8,296.9
12,695.6
7,965.2
4,259.62
5,528.45
13,282.1
8,632.13
8,391.24
The constants can be used to calculate solubility by the equation ln x = A + B/T + C ln T + DT, where T is in K and x is the mole fraction of the solute dissolved in water
when the solute partial pressure is 1 atm. With the assumption that Henry’s law is valid up to 1 atm, H = 1/x. Values of the constants are from P. G. T. Fogg and W. Gerrard,
Solubility of Gases in Liquids, Wiley, 1991, New York, and Solubility Data Series, vol. 1, Helium and Neon, IUPAC, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979. For higher-temperature
behavior and an up-to-date reference list, see R. Fernandez-Prini, J. L. Alvarez, and A. H. Harvey, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 32(2):903, 2003. To find H at temperatures other
than 25°C, first find the solubility and then take the reciprocal.
TABLE 2-22 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water at 25çC
Group
Paraffin hydrocarbons
Olefins
Aromatics
Aldehydes
Ketones
Esters
Chlorine containing
Alcohols
Miscellaneous
Compound
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Octane
Nonane
Ethylene
Propylene
Benzene
Toluene
o-Xylene
Cumene
Phenol
Acetaldehyde
Propionaldehyde
Methylethyl ketone
Methyl formate
Ethyl formate
Methyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Chloromethane
Chloroethane
Chlorobenzene
Methanol
Ethanol
1-Propanol
1-Butanol
Acrylonitrile
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl disulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Ethyl mercaptan
Pyridine
Formula
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C8H18
C9H20
C2H4
C3H6
C6H6
C7H8
C8H10
C9H12
C6H6O
C2H4O
C3H6O
C4H8O
C2H4O2
C3H6O2
C3H6O2
C6H12O2
CH3Cl
C2H5Cl
C6H5Cl
CH4O
C2H6O
C3H8O
C4H10O
C3H3N
C2H6S
C2H6S2
CH4S
C2H6S
C5H5N
CAS
74-82-8
74-84-0
74-98-6
106-97-8
109-66-0
111-65-9
111-84-2
74-85-1
115-07-1
71-43-2
108-88-3
95-47-6
98-82-8
108-95-2
75-07-0
123-38-6
78-93-3
107-31-3
109-94-4
79-20-9
123-86-4
74-87-3
75-00-3
108-90-7
67-56-1
64-17-5
71-23-8
71-36-3
107-13-1
75-18-3
624-92-0
74-93-1
75-08-1
110-86-1
H, atm†
36,600
26,700
37,800
51,100
70,000
2,74,000
3,29,000
11,700
11,700
299
354
272
724
0.0394
5.56
4.36
2.59
13.6
13.6
5.04
13.6
556
681
204
0.272
0.272
0.507
0.482
5.54
121
68.1
177
161
0.817
Rating∗
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
10
10
10
9
7
3
4
5
3
3
3
3
?
10
10
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016 AIChE,
and reproduced with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts, N. F. Giles, DIPPR
Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2016).
∗The ratings reflect DIPPR ESP’s effort to provide a critical evaluation and quality assessment of each data
point with 15 being the highest score possible. The rating is not directly correlated with the estimated experimental uncertainty.
†
Henry’s constant is a strong nonlinear function of temperature. A single value measured at one temperature, if
used for calculation at a different temperature, can lead to serious errors. Procedures for extrapolation of singlepoint values over the ambient temperature range (4°C < T < 50°C) are presented in Sec. 22, under “Air Pollution
Control” > “Biological APC Technologies” > “Estimating Henry’s law constants”. Estimation procedures for the
larger range (4°C < T < 200°C) are presented in F. L. Smith and A. H. Harvey, “Avoid Common Pitfalls When Using
Henry’s Law,” Chem. Eng. Prog., 103(9), 2007. See also Y.-L. Huang, J. D. Olson, and G. E. Keller II, “Steam Stripping
for Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water. 2. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31,
pp. 1759–1768, 1992. (Also see the Supplementary Material, which contains the databank of 404 compounds of
environmental interest and other useful property data.)
2-90
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-23 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water
at 25çC from Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients
Compound
CAS no.
Formula
H = γ ∞Pvp, atm
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Benzene
Toluene
o-Xylene
Cumene
Styrene
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Propanal
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl n-propyl ketone
Formic acid
Methyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Chloroethane
1-Chloropropane
Chlorobenzene
Methanol
Ethanol
Pyridine
Diethyl ether
Thiophene
109660
1100543
142825
71432
108883
95476
98,828
100425
50000
75070
123386
67641
78933
107879
64186
79209
141786
123864
75003
74986
108907
67561
64175
110861
60297
110021
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C6H6
C7H8
C8H10
C9H12
C8H8
CH2O
C2H4O
C3H6O
C3H6O
C4H8O
C5H10O
CH2O2
C3H6O2
C4H8O2
C6H12O2
C2H5Cl
C3H7Cl
C6H5Cl
CH4O
C2H6O
C5H5N
C4H10O
C4H4S
63700
84600
120000
309
344
267
613
145
14.3
4.54
5.45
2.13
3.11
4.60
0.0404
6.38
8.01
12.3
626
792
219
0.263
0.293
0.544
48.7
160
TABLE 2-24
Air*
t, °C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10−4 × H †
4.32
4.88
5.49
6.07
6.64
7.20
7.71
8.23
t, °C
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
10−4 × H †
8.70
9.11
9.46
10.1
10.5
10.7
10.8
10.7
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 257.
†
H is calculated from the absorption coefficients of O2 and N2, taking into consideration the correction for constant argon content.
TABLE 2-25 Ammonia-Water at 10 and 20çC*
10°C
Mass fraction
NH3 in liquid
0.0
0.00467
0.00495
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Henry’s constant H at 25°C is the vapor pressure at 25°C times the infinite dilution
activity coefficient, also at 25°C. Infinite dilution activity coefficients are from Mitchell
and Jurs, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 38: 200 (1998). Henry’s constant is a strong nonlinear function of temperature. A single value measured at one temperature, if used for
calculation at a different temperature, can lead to serious errors. Procedures for extrapolation of single-point values over the ambient temperature range (4°C < T < 50°C) are
presented in Sec. 22, pp. 22–49, under “Estimating Henry’s law constants.” Estimation
procedures for the larger range (4°C < T < 200°C) are presented in F. L. Smith and A. H.
Harvey, “Avoid Common Pitfalls When Using Henry’s Law,” Chem. Eng. Prog., 103(9),
2007. See also Y.-L. Huang, J. D. Olson, and G. E. Keller II, “Steam Stripping for Removal
of Organic Pollutants from Water. 2. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data,” Ind. Eng. Chem.
Res., 31, pp. 1759–1768, 1992. (Also see the Supplementary Material, which contains the
databank of 404 compounds of environmental interest and other useful property data.)
P, kPa
1.23
1.37
7.07
20.07
47.37
99.84
184.44
292.15
399.03
486.44
554.33
615.05
20°C
Mass fraction
NH3 in vapor
0.0
0.1
P, kPa
2.34
0.84164
0.95438
0.98565
0.99544
0.99848
0.99943
0.99975
0.99988
0.99995
1.0
2.60
11.95
32.34
73.85
150.56
269.50
416.63
560.61
678.61
771.87
857.48
Mass fraction
NH3 in vapor
0.0
0.1
0.82096
0.94541
0.98199
0.99393
0.99783
0.99913
0.99960
0.99980
0.99991
1.0
∗Selected values from R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27:63
(1998). This reference lists solubilities for temperatures from −70 to 340°C. Densities,
enthalpies, and entropies are listed for both the two-phase and single-phase regions for
pressures up to 40 MPa.
TABLE 2-26 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)*
Liquid mol fraction CO2 × 103
Total pressure, atm
1
2
10
20
30
36
0°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
35°C
50°C
75°C
100°C
1.445
2.89
12.71
21.23
25.79
0.985
1.946
8.81
15.38
19.80
21.45
0.802
1.587
7.32
13.13
17.49
19.42
0.692
1.374
6.44
11.84
16.22
18.30
0.608
1.207
5.74
10.75
15.05
17.29
0.473
0.943
4.54
8.64
12.80
14.80
0.342
0.683
3.30
6.34
9.10
10.63
0.248
0.495
2.41
4.65
6.78
7.90
0.187
0.373
1.841
3.62
5.35
6.35
∗Values selected from G. Houghton, A. M. McLean, and P. D. Ritchie, Chem. Eng. Sci. 6:132–137, 1957.
SOLUBILITIES
TABLE 2-27 Chlorine (Cl2)
Partial
pressure
of Cl2,
mmHg
TABLE 2-28 Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)
Solubility, g of Cl2 per liter
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
50°C
5
10
30
50
100
0.488
0.679
1.221
1.717
2.79
0.451
0.603
1.024
1.354
2.08
0.438
0.575
0.937
1.210
1.773
0.424
0.553
0.873
1.106
1.573
0.412
0.532
0.821
1.025
1.424
0.398
0.512
0.781
0.962
1.313
150
200
250
300
350
3.81
4.78
5.71
2.73
3.35
3.95
4.54
5.13
2.27
2.74
3.19
3.63
4.06
1.966
2.34
2.69
3.03
3.35
1.754
2.05
2.34
2.61
2.86
1.599
1.856
2.09
2.31
2.53
400
450
500
550
600
5.71
6.26
6.85
7.39
7.97
4.48
4.88
5.29
5.71
6.12
3.69
3.98
4.30
4.60
4.91
3.11
3.36
3.61
3.84
4.08
2.74
2.94
3.14
3.33
3.52
650
700
750
800
900
8.52
9.09
9.65
10.21
6.52
6.90
7.29
7.69
8.46
5.21
5.50
5.80
6.08
6.68
4.32
4.54
4.77
4.99
5.44
3.71
3.89
4.07
4.27
4.62
9.27
10.84
13.23
17.07
21.0
7.27
8.42
10.14
13.02
15.84
5.89
6.81
8.05
10.22
12.32
4.97
5.67
6.70
8.38
10.03
18.73
21.7
24.7
27.7
30.8
14.47
16.62
18.84
20.7
23.3
11.70
13.38
15.04
16.75
18.46
Cl2.8H2O2 separates
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Partial
pressure
of Cl2,
mmHg
Weight of ClO2, grams per liter of solution
Vol % of ClO2
in gas phase
0°C
1000
1200
1500
2000
2500
2-91
1
3
5
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
0°C
5°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
2.00
6.00
10.0
14.0
20.0
1.50
4.7
7.8
10.9
15.5
17.0
18.6
20.3
1.25
3.85
6.30
8.95
12.8
14.0
15.3
16.6
18.0
19.2
20.3
1.00
3.20
5.25
7.35
10.5
11.7
12.8
13.8
14.9
16.0
17.0
0.90
2.70
4.30
6.15
8.80
9.70
10.55
11.5
12.3
13.2
14.2
0.60
1.95
3.20
4.40
6.30
7.00
7.50
8.20
8.80
9.50
10.1
0.46
1.30
2.25
3.20
4.50
5.00
5.45
5.85
6.35
6.80
7.20
Ishi, Chem. Eng. (Japan), 22:153 (1958).
TABLE 2-29 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
Weights of
HCl per 100
weights of H2O
78.6
66.7
56.3
47.0
38.9
31.6
25.0
19.05
13.64
8.70
4.17
2.04
Partial pressure of HCl, mmHg
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
510
130
29.0
5.7
1.0
0.175
0.0316
0.0056
0.00099
0.000118
0.000018
840
233
56.4
11.8
2.27
0.43
0.084
0.016
0.00305
0.000583
0.000069
0.0000117
399
105.5
23.5
4.90
1.00
0.205
0.0428
0.0088
0.00178
0.00024
0.000044
627
188
44.5
9.90
2.17
0.48
0.106
0.0234
0.00515
0.00077
0.000151
Weights of
HCl per 100
weights of H2O
Solubility, g of Cl2 per liter
60°C
70°C
80°C
90°C
100°C
110°C
5
10
30
50
100
0.383
0.492
0.743
0.912
1.228
0.369
0.470
0.704
0.863
1.149
0.351
0.447
0.671
0.815
1.085
0.339
0.431
0.642
0.781
1.034
0.326
0.415
0.627
0.747
0.987
0.316
0.402
0.598
0.722
0.950
150
200
250
300
350
1.482
1.706
1.914
2.10
2.28
1.382
1.580
1.764
1.932
2.10
1.294
1.479
1.642
1.793
1.940
1.227
1.396
1.553
1.700
1.831
1.174
1.333
1.480
1.610
1.736
1.137
1.276
1.413
1.542
1.661
400
450
500
550
600
2.47
2.64
2.80
2.97
3.13
2.25
2.41
2.55
2.69
2.83
2.08
2.22
2.35
2.47
2.59
1.965
2.09
2.21
2.32
2.43
1.854
1.972
2.08
2.19
2.29
1.773
1.880
1.986
2.09
2.19
650
700
750
800
900
3.29
3.44
3.59
3.75
4.04
2.97
3.10
3.23
3.37
3.63
2.72
2.84
2.96
3.08
3.30
2.55
2.66
2.76
2.87
3.08
2.41
2.50
2.60
2.69
2.89
2.28
2.37
2.47
2.56
2.74
1000
1200
1500
2000
2500
4.36
4.92
5.76
7.14
8.48
3.88
4.37
5.09
6.26
7.40
3.53
3.95
4.58
5.63
6.61
3.28
3.67
4.23
5.17
6.05
3.07
3.43
3.95
4.78
5.59
2.91
3.25
3.74
4.49
5.25
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
9.83
11.22
12.54
13.88
15.26
8.52
9.65
10.76
11.91
13.01
7.54
8.53
9.52
10.46
11.42
6.92
7.79
8.65
9.49
10.35
6.38
7.16
7.94
8.72
9.48
5.97
6.72
7.42
8.13
8.84
78.6
66.7
56.3
47.0
38.9
31.6
25.0
19.05
13.64
8.70
4.17
2.04
50°C
Partial pressure of HCl, mm Hg
80°C
535
141
35.7
8.9
2.21
0.55
0.136
0.0344
0.0064
0.00140
623
188
54.5
15.6
4.66
1.34
0.39
0.095
0.0245
110°C
760
253
83
28
9.3
3.10
0.93
0.280
Enthalpy and phase-equilibrium data for the binary system HCl-H2O are given by
Van Nuys, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 39, 663 (1943).
TABLE 2-30 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
t, °C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10−2 × H
2.68
3.15
3.67
4.23
4.83
5.45
6.09
6.76
t, °C
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
10−2 × H
7.45
8.14
8.84
10.3
11.9
13.5
14.4
14.8
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 259.
2-92
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
DEnSITIES
Unit Conversions Unless otherwise noted, densities are given in grams
per cubic centimeter. To convert to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43.
Temperature conversion: °F = 9⁄5°C + 32.
Additional References and Comments The aqueous solution data
tables are from International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 115–129, unless otherwise stated. All compositions are in weight percent in vacuo. All density
values are d 4t = g/mL in vacuo. For more detailed data on densities, see also
the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing
Co., 97th ed.; or http://hbcponline.com.
DEnSITIES OF PURE SUBSTAnCES
TABLE 2-31 Density (kg/m3) of Saturated Liquid Water from the Triple Point to the Critical Point
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
273.160∗
274
276
278
280
282
284
286
288
290
292
294
296
298
300
302
304
306
308
310
312
314
316
318
320
322
324
326
328
330
332
334
336
338
340
342
344
346
348
350
999.793
999.843
999.914
999.919
999.862
999.746
999.575
999.352
999.079
998.758
998.392
997.983
997.532
997.042
996.513
995.948
995.346
994.711
994.042
993.342
992.610
991.848
991.056
990.235
989.387
988.512
987.610
986.682
985.728
984.750
983.747
982.721
981.671
980.599
979.503
978.386
977.247
976.086
974.904
973.702
352
354
356
358
360
362
364
366
368
370
372
374
376
378
380
382
384
386
388
390
392
394
396
398
400
402
404
406
408
410
412
414
416
418
420
422
424
426
428
430
972.479
971.235
969.972
968.689
967.386
966.064
964.723
963.363
961.984
960.587
959.171
957.737
956.285
954.815
953.327
951.822
950.298
948.758
947.199
945.624
944.030
942.420
940.793
939.148
937.486
935.807
934.111
932.398
930.668
928.921
927.157
925.375
923.577
921.761
919.929
918.079
916.212
914.328
912.426
910.507
432
434
436
438
440
442
444
446
448
450
452
454
456
458
460
462
464
466
468
470
472
474
476
478
480
482
484
486
488
490
492
494
496
498
500
502
504
506
508
510
908.571
906.617
904.645
902.656
900.649
898.624
896.580
894.519
892.439
890.341
888.225
886.089
883.935
881.761
879.569
877.357
875.125
872.873
870.601
868.310
865.997
863.664
861.310
858.934
856.537
854.118
851.678
849.214
846.728
844.219
841.686
839.130
836.549
833.944
831.313
828.658
825.976
823.269
820.534
817.772
512
514
516
518
520
522
524
526
528
530
532
534
536
538
540
542
544
546
548
550
552
554
556
558
560
562
564
566
568
570
572
574
576
578
580
582
584
586
588
590
814.982
812.164
809.318
806.441
803.535
800.597
797.629
794.628
791.594
788.527
785.425
782.288
779.115
775.905
772.657
769.369
766.042
762.674
759.263
755.808
752.308
748.762
745.169
741.525
737.831
734.084
730.283
726.425
722.508
718.530
714.489
710.382
706.206
701.959
697.638
693.238
688.757
684.190
679.533
674.781
592
594
596
598
600
602
604
606
608
610
612
614
616
618
620
622
624
626
628
630
632
634
636
638
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
647.096†
669.930
664.974
659.907
654.722
649.411
643.97
638.38
632.64
626.74
620.65
614.37
607.88
601.15
594.16
586.88
579.26
571.25
562.81
553.84
544.25
533.92
522.71
510.42
496.82
481.53
473.01
463.67
453.14
440.73
425.05
402.96
357.34
322
∗Triple point
†
Critical point
From Wagner, W., and Pruss, A., “The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use,”
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31(2):387–535, 2002.
TABLE 2-32 Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3)
Eqn
2-93
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Cmpd.
no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Formula
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
CAS
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
Mol. wt.
44.05256
59.0672
60.052
102.08864
58.07914
41.0519
26.03728
56.06326
72.06266
53.0626
28.96
17.03052
108.13782
39.948
121.13658
78.11184
110.17684
122.12134
103.1213
182.2179
108.13782
136.19098
124.20342
154.2078
159.808
157.0079
108.965
94.93852
54.09044
54.09044
58.1222
90.121
90.121
74.1216
74.1216
56.10632
56.10632
56.10632
116.15828
134.21816
90.1872
90.1872
54.09044
72.10572
88.1051
69.1051
44.0095
76.1407
28.0101
153.8227
88.0043
70.906
C1
1.711365
1.016
1.4486
0.79388
1.2332
1.0693
2.4507
1.3261
1.2414
1.0379
2.8963
3.5383
0.77488
3.8469
0.7371
1.0259
0.83573
0.71587
0.72184
0.43743
0.59867
0.60917
0.70797
0.52257
2.1872
0.8226
1.3285
1.796
1.187
1.2346
1.0677
0.81696
0.81856
0.98279
0.97552
1.0877
1.1591
1.1448
0.67794
0.50812
0.89458
0.89137
1.3409
1.033873
0.88443
0.79716
2.768
1.7968
2.897
0.99835
1.955
2.23
C2
0.26355
0.21845
0.25892
0.24119
0.25886
0.20656
0.27448
0.26124
0.25822
0.22465
0.26733
0.25443
0.26114
0.2881
0.25487
0.26666
0.26326
0.24812
0.24606
0.24833
0.22849
0.26925
0.25982
0.25833
0.29527
0.26632
0.2708
0.27065
0.26114
0.27216
0.27188
0.24755
0.24967
0.2683
0.26339
0.26454
0.27085
0.27154
0.2637
0.25238
0.27463
0.27365
0.27892
0.266739
0.25828
0.23168
0.26212
0.28749
0.27532
0.274
0.27884
0.27645
C3
466
761
591.95
606
508.2
545.5
308.3
506
615
540
132.45
405.65
645.6
150.86
824
562.05
689
751
702.3
830
720.15
662
718
773
584.15
670.15
503.8
464
452
425
425.12
680
676
563.1
535.9
419.5
435.5
428.6
575.4
660.5
570.1
554
440
537.2
615.7
585.4
304.21
552
132.92
556.35
227.51
417.15
C4
0.28571
0.26116
0.2529
0.29817
0.2913
0.24699
0.28752
0.2489
0.30701
0.28921
0.27341
0.2888
0.28234
0.29783
0.28571
0.28394
0.30798
0.2857
0.28789
0.27555
0.23567
0.2632
0.32144
0.27026
0.3295
0.2821
0.3012
0.28947
0.3065
0.28707
0.28688
0.24535
0.22023
0.25488
0.26864
0.2843
0.28116
0.28419
0.29318
0.29373
0.28512
0.2953
0.29661
0.28571
0.248
0.28071
0.2908
0.3226
0.2813
0.287
0.28571
0.2926
C5
C6
C7
Tmin, K
149.78
353.33
289.81
200.15
178.45
229.32
192.40
185.45
286.15
189.63
59.15
195.41
235.65
83.78
403.00
278.68
258.27
395.45
260.28
321.35
257.85
275.65
243.95
342.20
265.85
242.43
154.25
173.00
136.95
164.25
134.86
220.00
196.15
183.85
158.45
87.80
134.26
167.62
199.65
185.30
157.46
133.02
147.43
176.80
267.95
161.30
216.58
161.11
68.15
250.33
89.56
172.12
Density
at Tmin
21.423
16.936
17.492
11.626
15.683
20.544
23.692
16.822
14.693
17.254
33.279
43.141
9.6675
35.491
8.9381
11.422
10.074
8.8935
10.008
5.9496
9.9051
7.0651
8.8623
6.4251
20.109
9.9087
15.809
20.787
15.123
14.058
12.62
11.734
11.872
12.035
12.473
14.264
13.894
13.08
8.3365
7.0264
10.585
10.761
14.901
12.602
11.087
13.087
26.828
19.064
30.18
10.843
21.211
24.242
Tmax, K
466.00
761.00
591.95
606.00
508.20
545.50
308.30
506.00
615.00
540.00
132.45
405.65
645.60
150.86
824.00
562.05
689.00
751.00
702.30
830.00
720.15
662.00
718.00
773.00
584.15
670.15
503.80
464.00
452.00
425.00
425.12
680.00
676.00
563.10
535.90
419.50
435.50
428.60
575.40
660.50
570.10
554.00
440.00
537.20
615.70
585.40
304.21
552.00
132.92
556.35
227.51
417.15
Density
at Tmax
6.4935
4.6509
5.5948
3.2915
4.7640
5.1767
8.9285
5.0762
4.8075
4.6201
10.8340
13.9070
2.9673
13.3530
2.8921
3.8472
3.1745
2.8852
2.9336
1.7615
2.6201
2.2625
2.7248
2.0229
7.4075
3.0888
4.9058
6.6359
4.5455
4.5363
3.9271
3.3002
3.2786
3.6630
3.7037
4.1117
4.2795
4.2160
2.5709
2.0133
3.2574
3.2573
4.8075
3.8760
3.4243
3.4408
10.5600
6.2500
10.5220
3.6436
7.0112
8.0666
(Continued )
2-94
TABLE 2-32 Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) (Continued )
Eqn
Cmpd.
no.
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
Name
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di–sopropyl amine
Di–sopropyl ether
Di–sopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Formula
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
CAS
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
Mol. wt.
112.5569
64.5141
119.37764
50.4875
78.54068
78.54068
108.13782
108.13782
108.13782
120.19158
52.0348
56.10632
84.15948
100.15888
98.143
82.1436
70.1329
68.11702
42.07974
116.22448
156.2652
142.28168
172.265
158.28108
140.2658
174.34668
138.24992
4.0316
187.86116
187.86116
173.83458
130.22792
147.00196
147.00196
147.00196
98.95916
98.95916
84.93258
112.98574
112.98574
105.13564
73.13684
74.1216
90.1872
66.04997
66.04997
52.02339
101.19
102.17476
114.18546
90.121
104.14758
C1
0.8711
1.39625
1.0841
1.8651
1.12465
1.1202
0.9061
0.95937
1.1503
0.58711
1.7805
1.3931
0.88998
0.8243
0.86464
0.92997
1.0897
1.1035
1.7411
0.78578
0.478542
0.41084
0.39348
0.38208
0.43981
0.44289
0.46877
5.2115
0.95523
1.0132
1.1136
0.55941
0.74495
0.74404
0.74858
1.1055
1.2591
1.3897
0.9551
0.89833
0.68184
0.85379
0.9554
0.82227
1.4345
1.173
1.9973
0.6181
0.69213
0.64619
0.89368
0.76327
C2
0.26805
0.26867
0.2581
0.2627
0.2728
0.27669
0.28268
0.2882
0.31861
0.25583
0.26846
0.29255
0.27376
0.26545
0.26888
0.27056
0.28356
0.27035
0.28205
0.27882
0.275162
0.25175
0.2492
0.24645
0.25661
0.27636
0.25875
0.315
0.26364
0.26634
0.24834
0.27243
0.26147
0.26112
0.26276
0.26533
0.27698
0.25678
0.27794
0.26142
0.23796
0.25675
0.26847
0.26314
0.25774
0.22856
0.24653
0.25786
0.26974
0.26881
0.26599
0.26742
C3
632.35
460.35
536.4
416.25
503.15
489
705.85
697.55
704.65
631
400.15
459.93
553.8
650.1
653
560.4
511.7
507
398
664
674
617.7
722.1
688
616.6
696
619.85
38.35
628
650.15
611
584.1
683.95
705
684.75
523
561.6
510
560
572
736.6
496.6
466.7
557.15
386.44
445
351.26
523.1
500.05
576
507.8
543
C4
0.2799
0.28571
0.2741
0.28571
0.28571
0.27646
0.2707
0.2857
0.30104
0.28498
0.26079
0.24913
0.28571
0.28495
0.29943
0.28943
0.25142
0.28699
0.29598
0.31067
0.28571
0.28571
0.28571
0.26125
0.29148
0.27668
0.29479
0.28571
0.29825
0.28571
0.27583
0.29932
0.31526
0.30815
0.30788
0.287
0.30492
0.2902
0.24132
0.2868
0.2062
0.27027
0.2814
0.27369
0.28178
0.28571
0.28153
0.271
0.28571
0.28036
0.28571
0.28571
C5
C6
C7
Tmin, K
227.95
136.75
209.63
175.43
150.35
155.97
285.39
304.19
307.93
177.14
245.25
182.48
279.69
296.60
242.00
169.67
179.28
138.13
145.59
189.64
285.00
243.51
304.55
280.05
206.89
247.56
229.15
18.73
210.15
282.85
220.60
175.30
248.39
256.15
326.14
176.19
237.49
178.01
192.50
172.71
301.15
223.35
156.85
169.20
154.56
179.60
136.95
176.85
187.65
204.81
159.95
226.10
Density
at Tmin
10.385
17.055
13.702
22.272
13.333
12.855
9.6115
9.5725
9.4494
7.9387
18.517
14.074
9.3804
9.4693
10.09
11.16
11.906
13.47
18.658
8.9048
5.2396
5.3927
5.1809
5.2609
5.7328
5.0048
5.8954
42.945
11.799
11.704
15.358
6.6071
9.1207
9.1658
8.5175
13.549
13.462
17.974
10.925
11.526
10.39
10.575
11.487
10.47
18.006
18.336
27.399
8.0541
8.0673
7.6796
11.029
8.8431
Tmax, K
632.35
460.35
536.40
416.25
503.15
489.00
705.85
697.55
704.65
631.00
400.15
459.93
553.80
650.10
653.00
560.40
511.70
507.00
398.00
664.00
674.00
617.70
722.10
688.00
616.60
696.00
619.85
38.35
628.00
650.15
611.00
584.10
683.95
705.00
684.75
523.00
561.60
510.00
560.00
572.00
736.60
496.60
466.70
557.15
386.44
445.00
351.26
523.10
500.05
576.00
507.80
543.00
Density
at Tmax
3.2498
5.1969
4.2003
7.0997
4.1226
4.0486
3.2054
3.3288
3.6104
2.2949
6.6323
4.7619
3.2509
3.1053
3.2157
3.4372
3.8429
4.0817
6.1730
2.8182
1.7391
1.6319
1.5790
1.5503
1.7139
1.6026
1.8117
16.5440
3.6232
3.8042
4.4842
2.0534
2.8491
2.8494
2.8489
4.1665
4.5458
5.4120
3.4364
3.4363
2.8654
3.3254
3.5587
3.1248
5.5657
5.1321
8.1017
2.3970
2.5659
2.4039
3.3598
2.8542
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
54.09044
45.08368
86.17536
112.21264
112.21264
112.21264
94.19904
46.06844
73.09378
100.20194
194.184
60.17042
62.134
78.13344
194.184
88.10512
170.2072
101.19
170.33484
282.54748
30.069
46.06844
88.10512
45.08368
106.165
150.1745
116.15828
116.15828
112.21264
98.18606
28.05316
60.09832
62.06784
43.0678
44.05256
74.07854
144.211
130.22792
88.14818
100.15888
62.13404
102.1317
88.14818
163.506
37.9968064
96.1023032
48.0595
34.03292
30.02598
45.04062
46.0257
68.07396
4.0026
240.46774
114.18546
1.1717
1.5436
0.7565
0.55873
0.52953
0.54405
1.1058
1.5693
0.89615
0.72352
0.47977
1.0214
1.4029
1.1096
0.48611
1.1819
0.52133
0.659
0.33267
0.18166
1.9122
1.6288
0.8996
1.0936
0.70041
0.48864
0.66085
0.63566
0.61587
0.71751
2.0961
0.7842
1.315
1.3462
1.836
1.1343
0.47428
0.55729
0.8185
0.68162
1.3047
0.7405
0.7908
0.61243
4.2895
1.0146
1.693858
2.2261
3.897011
1.2486
1.938
1.1339
7.2475
0.21897
0.577362
0.25895
0.27784
0.27305
0.25143
0.24358
0.25026
0.27866
0.2679
0.23478
0.28629
0.25428
0.26351
0.27991
0.25189
0.25715
0.2813
0.26218
0.26428
0.24664
0.23351
0.27937
0.27469
0.25856
0.22636
0.26162
0.23894
0.25707
0.25613
0.26477
0.26903
0.27657
0.20702
0.25125
0.23289
0.26024
0.26168
0.25028
0.2714
0.26929
0.25152
0.2694
0.25563
0.266
0.24681
0.28587
0.27277
0.269323
0.25072
0.331636
0.20352
0.24225
0.24741
0.41865
0.23642
0.250575
473.2
437.2
500
591.15
606.15
596.15
615
400.1
649.6
537.3
766
402
503.04
729
777.4
587
766.8
550
658
768
305.32
514
523.3
456.15
617.15
698
655
571
609.15
569.5
282.34
593
720
537
469.15
508.4
674.6
583
489
567
499.15
546
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
420
771
588
490.15
5.2
736
620
0.27289
0.2572
0.27408
0.27758
0.26809
0.2658
0.31082
0.2882
0.28091
0.27121
0.30722
0.28421
0.2741
0.3311
0.28571
0.3047
0.31033
0.2766
0.28571
0.28571
0.29187
0.23178
0.278
0.25522
0.28454
0.28421
0.31103
0.27829
0.28054
0.27733
0.29147
0.20254
0.21868
0.23357
0.2696
0.2791
0.25442
0.29538
0.30621
0.3182
0.27866
0.2795
0.292
0.30858
0.28776
0.28291
0.28571
0.27343
0.28571
0.25178
0.24435
0.2612
0.24096
0.28571
0.28571
240.91
180.96
145.19
239.66
223.16
184.99
188.44
131.65
212.72
141.23
274.18
122.93
174.88
291.67
413.79
284.95
300.03
210.15
263.57
309.58
90.35
159.05
189.60
192.15
178.20
238.45
258.15
175.15
161.84
134.71
104.00
284.29
260.15
195.20
160.65
193.55
155.15
180.00
140.00
204.15
125.26
199.25
145.65
167.55
53.48
230.94
129.95
131.35
155.15
275.60
281.45
187.55
2.20
295.13
229.80
13.767
16.964
9.031
7.3417
7.5783
7.6258
12.413
18.95
13.954
7.9932
6.2334
12.898
15.556
14.111
5.6397
11.838
6.2648
7.9929
4.5205
2.7293
21.64
19.41
11.478
17.588
9.0407
7.2908
8.2198
8.4912
7.8679
9.0179
23.326
15.055
18.31
21.45
23.477
14.006
6.926
6.612
9.9236
8.9749
16.242
9.6317
9.8474
8.6934
44.888
11.374
20.099
29.345
30.92
25.488
26.806
15.702
37.115
3.2189
7.7462
473.20
437.20
500.00
591.15
606.15
596.15
615.00
400.10
649.60
537.30
766.00
402.00
503.04
729.00
777.40
587.00
766.80
550.00
658.00
768.00
305.32
514.00
523.30
456.15
617.15
698.00
655.00
571.00
609.15
569.50
282.34
593.00
720.00
537.00
469.15
508.40
674.60
583.00
489.00
567.00
499.15
546.00
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
420.00
771.00
588.00
490.15
5.20
736.00
620.00
4.5248
5.5557
2.7706
2.2222
2.1739
2.1739
3.9683
5.8578
3.8170
2.5272
1.8868
3.8761
5.0120
4.4051
1.8904
4.2016
1.9884
2.4936
1.3488
0.7780
6.8447
5.9296
3.4793
4.8312
2.6772
2.0450
2.5707
2.4818
2.3261
2.6670
7.5789
3.7880
5.2338
5.7804
7.0550
4.3347
1.8950
2.0534
3.0395
2.7100
4.8430
2.8968
2.9729
2.4814
15.0050
3.7196
6.2893
8.8788
11.7510
6.1350
8.0000
4.5831
17.3120
0.9262
2.3041
2-95
(Continued )
2-96
TABLE 2-32 Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) (Continued )
Eqn
Cmpd.
no.
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
Name
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Formula
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
BrH
ClH
CHN
FH
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CAS
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
Mol. wt.
100.20194
130.185
116.20134
116.20134
114.18546
114.18546
98.18606
132.26694
96.17018
226.44116
100.15888
86.17536
116.158
102.17476
102.175
100.15888
100.15888
84.15948
82.1436
118.24036
82.1436
82.1436
32.04516
2.01588
80.91194
36.46094
27.02534
20.0063432
34.08088
88.10512
59.11026
104.06146
86.08924
16.0425
32.04186
73.09378
74.07854
40.06386
86.08924
31.0571
136.14792
68.11702
72.14878
102.1317
88.1482
70.1329
70.1329
66.10114
88.14818
104.214
68.11702
102.1317
C1
0.61259
0.53066
0.55687
0.59339
0.59268
0.58247
0.66016
0.58622
0.67304
0.23289
0.668504
0.70824
0.62833
0.70093
0.67393
0.67816
0.67666
0.76925
0.78045
0.66372
0.84427
0.76277
1.0516
5.414
2.832
3.342
1.3413
2.8061
2.7672
0.88575
1.2801
0.87969
0.87025
2.9214
2.3267
0.88268
1.13
1.6085
0.97286
1.39
0.53382
0.84623
0.91991
0.72762
0.8189
0.91619
0.93391
1.1157
0.8363
0.75509
0.94575
0.76983
C2
0.26211
0.24729
0.24725
0.2602
0.25663
0.25279
0.26657
0.2726
0.26045
0.23659
0.252695
0.26411
0.25598
0.26776
0.25948
0.25634
0.25578
0.26809
0.26065
0.27345
0.27185
0.25248
0.16613
0.34893
0.2832
0.2729
0.18589
0.19362
0.27369
0.25736
0.2828
0.24543
0.24383
0.28976
0.27073
0.23568
0.2593
0.26436
0.26267
0.21405
0.23274
0.24625
0.27815
0.25244
0.26974
0.26752
0.27275
0.27671
0.27514
0.27183
0.26008
0.26173
C3
540.2
677.3
632.3
608.3
606.6
611.4
537.4
645
547
723
594
507.6
660.2
611.3
585.3
587.61
582.82
504
544
623
516.2
549
653.15
33.19
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605
471.85
834
662
190.56
512.5
718
506.55
402.4
536
430.05
693
490
460.4
643
577.2
465
470
492
512.74
593
463.2
554.5
C4
0.28141
0.28289
0.31471
0.26968
0.27766
0.29818
0.28571
0.29644
0.28388
0.28571
0.28571
0.27537
0.25304
0.24919
0.26552
0.28365
0.27746
0.28571
0.28571
0.29185
0.2771
0.31611
0.1898
0.2706
0.28571
0.3217
0.28206
0.29847
0.29015
0.26265
0.2972
0.28571
0.28571
0.28881
0.24713
0.27379
0.2764
0.27987
0.2508
0.2275
0.28147
0.29041
0.28667
0.28571
0.23573
0.28164
0.2578
0.30821
0.27553
0.29127
0.30807
0.26879
C5
C6
C7
Tmin, K
182.57
265.83
239.15
220.00
234.15
238.15
154.12
229.92
192.22
291.31
214.93
177.83
269.25
228.55
223.00
217.35
217.50
133.39
170.05
192.62
141.25
183.65
274.69
13.95
185.15
158.97
259.83
189.79
187.68
227.15
177.95
409.15
288.15
90.69
175.47
301.15
175.15
170.45
196.32
179.69
260.75
159.53
113.25
193.00
155.95
135.58
139.39
160.15
157.48
175.30
183.45
187.35
Density
at Tmin
7.6998
7.2212
7.5022
7.5173
7.5751
7.5514
8.2257
6.7277
8.4922
3.415
8.8708
8.747
8.0964
8.456
8.5181
8.7319
8.7631
9.5815
10.021
7.7733
10.23
10.133
31.934
38.487
27.985
34.854
27.202
58.861
29.13
11.42
13.561
11.417
11.834
28.18
27.915
13.012
14.475
19.031
12.203
25.378
8.2202
11.994
10.764
9.9915
10.248
11.332
11.216
12.581
9.7581
9.0056
11.519
9.7638
Tmax, K
540.20
677.30
632.30
608.30
606.60
611.40
537.40
645.00
547.00
723.00
594.00
507.60
660.20
611.30
585.30
587.61
582.82
504.00
544.00
623.00
516.20
549.00
653.15
33.19
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605.00
471.85
834.00
662.00
190.56
512.50
718.00
506.55
402.40
536.00
430.05
693.00
490.00
460.40
643.00
577.20
465.00
470.00
492.00
512.74
593.00
463.20
554.50
Density
at Tmax
2.3371
2.1459
2.2523
2.2805
2.3095
2.3042
2.4765
2.1505
2.5841
0.9844
2.6455
2.6816
2.4546
2.6178
2.5972
2.6455
2.6455
2.8694
2.9942
2.4272
3.1056
3.0211
6.3300
15.5160
10.0000
12.2460
7.2156
14.4930
10.1110
3.4417
4.5265
3.5843
3.5691
10.0820
8.5942
3.7452
4.3579
6.0845
3.7037
6.4938
2.2936
3.4365
3.3072
2.8823
3.0359
3.4248
3.4241
4.0320
3.0395
2.7778
3.6364
2.9413
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
80.5889
98.18606
114.18546
114.18546
114.18546
84.15948
82.1436
82.1436
115.03396
60.09502
72.10572
76.1606
60.05196
88.14818
100.15888
57.05132
74.1216
86.1323
90.1872
48.10746
100.11582
158.23802
86.17536
102.17476
58.1222
74.1216
56.10632
88.10512
74.1216
90.1872
46.14384
118.1757
88.1482
58.07914
128.17052
20.1797
75.0666
28.0134
71.00191
61.04002
44.0128
30.0061
268.5209
142.23862
128.2551
158.238
144.2545
144.255
126.23922
160.3201
124.22334
254.49432
128.212
114.22852
144.211
1.0674
0.73109
0.7013
0.70973
0.72836
0.84758
0.88824
0.9109
0.97608
1.2635
0.93767
1.067
1.525
0.84005
0.71687
1.0228
0.97887
0.86567
0.78912
1.9323
0.7761
0.4416
0.72701
0.71004
1.0631
0.92128
1.1446
0.9147
0.96145
0.87496
1.3052
0.64856
0.817948
1.2587
0.6348
7.3718
1.0024
3.2091
2.3736
1.3728
2.781
5.246
0.19199
0.473233
0.46321
0.41582
0.43682
0.419258
0.48661
0.47377
0.52152
0.20448
0.525901
0.5266
0.48251
0.26257
0.26971
0.266
0.26544
0.27241
0.27037
0.26914
0.276
0.28209
0.27878
0.25035
0.27102
0.2634
0.27638
0.26453
0.20692
0.27017
0.26836
0.25915
0.28018
0.25068
0.2521
0.26754
0.26981
0.27506
0.25442
0.2724
0.2594
0.26536
0.26862
0.26757
0.25877
0.269105
0.26433
0.25838
0.3067
0.23655
0.2861
0.2817
0.23793
0.27244
0.3044
0.23337
0.256918
0.25444
0.24284
0.25161
0.241912
0.25722
0.27052
0.25918
0.23474
0.25664
0.25693
0.25196
442
572.1
686
614
617
532.7
542
526
483
437.8
535.5
533
487.2
497
574.6
488
464.48
553.4
553.1
469.95
566
694
497.7
546.49
407.8
506.2
417.9
530.6
476.25
565
352.5
654
497.1
437
748.4
44.4
593
126.2
234
588.15
309.57
180.15
758
658.5
594.6
710.7
670.9
649.5
593.1
681
598.05
747
638.9
568.7
694.26
0.26569
0.29185
0.28571
0.26016
0.2478
0.28258
0.27874
0.26756
0.22529
0.2744
0.29964
0.29364
0.2806
0.27645
0.28918
0.28571
0.28998
0.28364
0.26512
0.28523
0.29773
0.28532
0.28268
0.29974
0.2758
0.27586
0.28172
0.2774
0.30088
0.30259
0.28799
0.31444
0.28571
0.25819
0.27727
0.2786
0.278
0.2966
0.29529
0.29601
0.2882
0.242
0.28571
0.28571
0.28571
0.30036
0.2498
0.28571
0.28571
0.30284
0.29177
0.28571
0.28571
0.28571
0.26842
139.05
146.58
285.15
280.15
269.15
130.73
146.62
168.54
182.55
160.00
186.48
167.23
174.15
188.00
189.15
256.15
127.93
180.15
171.64
150.18
224.95
240.00
119.55
176.00
113.54
298.97
132.81
185.65
133.97
160.17
116.34
249.95
164.55
151.15
333.15
24.56
183.63
63.15
66.46
244.60
182.30
109.50
305.04
267.30
219.66
285.55
268.15
238.15
191.91
253.05
223.15
301.31
251.65
216.38
289.65
13.626
9.0173
8.2091
8.2931
8.2628
10.491
10.98
10.538
10.789
13.995
12.663
12.671
18.811
9.3871
8.8617
17.666
11.933
10.46
10.352
21.564
10.176
5.938
9.2041
8.445
12.574
10.556
13.507
11.678
12.043
10.689
15.791
8.0099
9.7955
15.691
7.7545
61.796
15.556
31.063
26.555
19.632
27.928
44.487
2.8889
5.9415
6.0427
5.7592
5.8496
6.0223
6.3717
5.4532
6.5369
3.0418
6.6608
6.7049
6.3107
442.00
572.10
686.00
614.00
617.00
532.70
542.00
526.00
483.00
437.80
535.50
533.00
487.20
497.00
574.60
488.00
464.48
553.40
553.10
469.95
566.00
694.00
497.70
546.49
407.80
506.20
417.90
530.60
476.25
565.00
352.50
654.00
497.10
437.00
748.40
44.40
593.00
126.20
234.00
588.15
309.57
180.15
758.00
658.50
594.60
710.70
670.90
649.50
593.10
681.00
598.05
747.00
638.90
568.70
694.26
4.0652
2.7107
2.6365
2.6738
2.6738
3.1349
3.3003
3.3004
3.4602
4.5322
3.7454
3.9370
5.7897
3.0395
2.7100
4.9430
3.6232
3.2258
3.0450
6.8966
3.0960
1.7517
2.7174
2.6316
3.8650
3.6211
4.2019
3.5262
3.6232
3.2572
4.8780
2.5063
3.0395
4.7619
2.4568
24.0360
4.2376
11.2170
8.4260
5.7698
10.2080
17.2340
0.8227
1.8420
1.8205
1.7123
1.7361
1.7331
1.8918
1.7513
2.0122
0.8711
2.0492
2.0496
1.9150
2-97
(Continued )
2-98
TABLE 2-32 Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) (Continued )
Eqn
Cmpd.
no.
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
Name
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Formula
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
CAS
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
Mol. wt.
130.22792
130.228
128.21204
128.21204
112.21264
146.29352
110.19676
90.03488
31.9988
47.9982
212.41458
86.1323
72.14878
102.132
88.1482
88.1482
86.1323
86.1323
70.1329
104.21378
104.21378
68.11702
68.11702
178.2292
94.11124
119.1207
148.11556
40.06386
44.09562
60.09502
60.095
122.20746
58.07914
74.0785
55.0785
102.1317
59.11026
120.19158
42.07974
88.10512
76.16062
76.16062
76.09442
108.09476
104.07911
104.14912
C1
0.48979
0.52497
0.50006
0.5108
0.55449
0.52577
0.58945
1.1911
3.9143
3.3592
0.25142
0.85658
0.84947
0.73455
0.81754
0.81577
0.90411
0.71811
0.89816
0.65858
0.75345
0.8491
0.92099
0.45554
1.3798
0.63163
0.5393
1.6087
1.3757
1.2457
1.1799
0.61255
1.2861
1.0969
0.91281
0.73041
0.9195
0.57233
1.4403
0.915
1.093
1.0714
1.0923
0.83228
1.1945
0.7397
C2
0.24931
0.26186
0.24851
0.25386
0.25952
0.27234
0.26052
0.27038
0.28772
0.29884
0.23837
0.26811
0.26726
0.25636
0.26732
0.26594
0.27207
0.24129
0.26608
0.25367
0.27047
0.2352
0.25419
0.2523
0.31598
0.23373
0.22704
0.26543
0.27453
0.27281
0.2644
0.26769
0.26236
0.25568
0.22125
0.25456
0.23878
0.25171
0.26852
0.26134
0.27762
0.27214
0.26106
0.25385
0.24128
0.2603
C3
652.3
629.8
632.7
627.7
566.9
667.3
574
828
154.58
261
708
566.1
469.7
639.16
588.1
561
561.08
560.95
464.8
584.3
598
481.2
519
869
694.25
653
791
394
369.83
536.8
508.3
636
503.6
600.81
561.3
549.73
496.95
638.35
364.85
538
517
536.6
626
683
259
636
C4
0.27824
0.25257
0.29942
0.26735
0.28571
0.30063
0.28532
0.28571
0.2924
0.28523
0.28571
0.27354
0.27789
0.25522
0.25348
0.25551
0.30669
0.27996
0.28571
0.28571
0.30583
0.353
0.31077
0.24841
0.32768
0.28571
0.248
0.29895
0.29359
0.23994
0.24653
0.28571
0.3004
0.26857
0.26811
0.27666
0.2461
0.29616
0.28775
0.28
0.29781
0.29481
0.20459
0.23658
0.16693
0.3009
C5
C6
C7
Tmin, K
257.65
241.55
252.85
255.55
171.45
223.95
193.55
462.65
54.35
80.15
283.07
191.59
143.42
239.15
195.56
200.00
196.29
234.18
108.02
160.75
197.45
167.45
163.83
372.38
314.06
243.15
404.15
136.87
85.47
146.95
185.26
199.00
165.00
252.45
180.37
178.15
188.36
173.55
87.89
180.25
142.61
159.95
213.15
388.85
186.35
242.54
Density
at Tmin
6.5738
6.5625
6.6477
6.6283
7.2155
6.0987
7.4832
12.405
40.77
33.361
3.6423
10.353
10.474
9.5869
10.061
10.017
10.398
10.102
11.521
9.073
8.8575
12.532
12.24
5.9853
11.244
9.6466
8.2218
19.479
16.583
15.206
14.663
7.4763
16.075
13.935
16.067
9.7941
13.764
7.9821
18.07
11.59
12.61
12.716
14.363
10.082
15.635
9.1088
Tmax, K
652.30
629.80
632.70
627.70
566.90
667.30
574.00
828.00
154.58
261.00
708.00
566.10
469.70
639.16
588.10
561.00
561.08
560.95
464.80
584.30
598.00
481.20
519.00
869.00
694.25
653.00
791.00
394.00
369.83
536.80
508.30
636.00
503.60
600.81
561.30
549.73
496.95
638.35
364.85
538.00
517.00
536.60
626.00
683.00
259.00
636.00
Density
at Tmax
1.9646
2.0048
2.0122
2.0121
2.1366
1.9306
2.2626
4.4053
13.6050
11.2410
1.0547
3.1949
3.1784
2.8653
3.0583
3.0675
3.3231
2.9761
3.3755
2.5962
2.7857
3.6101
3.6232
1.8055
4.3667
2.7024
2.3754
6.0607
5.0111
4.5662
4.4626
2.2883
4.9020
4.2901
4.1257
2.8693
3.8508
2.2738
5.3638
3.5012
3.9370
3.9369
4.1841
3.2786
4.9507
2.8417
105
105
105
105
105
105
100
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
100
119
105
105
105
313
314
315
316
317
318
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
342
343
344
345
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
118.08804
64.0638
146.0554192
80.0632
166.13084
230.30376
230.30376
198.388
72.10572
132.20228
88.17132
114.22852
84.13956
92.13842
133.40422
184.36142
101.19
59.11026
120.19158
120.19158
114.22852
114.22852
213.10452
227.1311
156.30826
172.30766
86.08924
52.07456
62.49822
161.48972
18.01528
18.01528
106.165
106.165
106.165
0.65882
2.106
1.3587
1.4969
0.41922
0.3448
5.7136
0.27248
1.2543
0.67717
1.1628
0.58988
1.2874
0.8792
0.9062
0.29934
0.7035
1.0116
0.6531
0.60394
0.59059
0.6028
0.48195
0.37378
0.36703
0.33113
0.9591
1.2703
1.5115
0.59595
–13.851
17.874
0.68902
0.69962
0.67752
0.21741
0.25842
0.2701
0.19013
0.17775
0.25116
–0.003474
0.24007
0.28084
0.27772
0.28954
0.27201
0.28194
0.27136
0.25475
0.2433
0.27386
0.25683
0.27002
0.25956
0.27424
0.27446
0.23093
0.21379
0.24876
0.23676
0.2593
0.26041
0.2707
0.24314
0.64038
35.618
0.26086
0.26143
0.25887
838
430.75
318.69
490.85
883.6
857
0.28571
0.2895
0.2921
0.4359
0.28571
0.29268
693
540.15
720
631.95
568
579.35
591.75
602
675
535.15
433.25
664.5
649.1
543.8
573.5
846
828
639
703.9
519.13
454
432
543.15
–0.0019124
19.655
617
630.3
616.2
0.28571
0.2912
0.2878
0.28674
0.27341
0.30781
0.29241
0.31
0.28571
0.2872
0.2696
0.26268
0.27713
0.2847
0.2741
0.28571
0.29905
0.28571
0.2762
0.27448
0.297
0.2716
0.24856
1.8211E-06
–9.1306
0.27479
0.27365
0.27596
–31.367 –813.56 – 17421000
460.85
197.67
223.15
289.95
700.15
329.35
288.15
279.01
164.65
237.38
176.99
373.96
234.94
178.18
236.50
267.76
158.45
156.08
243.15
229.33
165.78
172.22
398.40
354.00
247.57
288.45
180.35
173.15
119.36
178.35
273.16
273.16
225.30
247.98
286.41
10.21
25.298
12.631
24.241
7.102
4.5526
4.7126
3.889
13.998
7.638
12.408
5.7242
13.43
10.487
11.478
4.1817
8.2843
13.144
7.7278
7.689
6.9146
7.0934
7.0825
6.4521
4.9453
4.8594
12.287
15.664
18.481
8.8236
55.497
55.487
8.648
8.6229
8.1614
838.00
430.75
318.69
490.85
883.60
857.00
313.19
693.00
540.15
720.00
631.95
568.00
579.35
591.75
602.00
675.00
535.15
433.25
664.50
649.10
543.80
573.50
846.00
828.00
639.00
703.90
519.13
454.00
432.00
543.15
353.15
647.096
617.00
630.30
616.20
3.0303
8.1495
5.0304
7.8730
2.3585
1.3728
4.6256
1.1350
4.4662
2.4383
4.0160
2.1686
4.5662
3.2400
3.5572
1.2303
2.5688
3.9388
2.4187
2.3268
2.1536
2.1963
2.0870
1.7484
1.4754
1.3986
3.6988
4.8781
5.5837
2.4511
54.0010
17.8740
2.6413
2.6761
2.6172
Except for o-terphenyl and water, liquid density ρ is calculated by Eqn 105: ρ = C1/(C2[1 + (1 – T/C3)^C4]) where ρ is in mol/dm3 and T is in K. The pressure is equal to the vapor pressure for pressures greater than 1 atm and equal to 1 atm
when the vapor pressure is less than 1 atm.
Equation (2-100), used for the limited temperature ranges as noted for o-terphenyl and water, is ρ = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3.
Equation (2-119), used for water, is ρ = C1 + C2τ1/3 + C3τ2/3 + C4τ5/3 + C5τ16/3 + C6τ43/3 + C7τ110/3 where τ = 1 − T/TC, and TC = critical temperature (647.096 K).
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016 AIChE, and
reproduced with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts, and N. F. Giles, DIPPR Data
Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York, NY (2016).
2-99
2-100
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS InORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS AT 1 ATM
TABLE 2-33
Ammonia (nH3)*
% −15°C −10°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
−5°C
0°C
5°C
10°C
20°C
25°C
TABLE 2-38 Ferric nitrate
[Fe(nO3)3]*
d 415
%
0.9943 0.9954 0.9959 0.9958 0.9955 0.9939 0.993 32 0.889
.9906 .9915 .9919 .9917 .9913 .9895 .988 36 .877
.9834 .9840 .9842 .9837 .9832 .9811 .980 40 .865
0.970 .9701 .9701 .9695 .9686 .9677 .9651 .964 45 .849
.958 .9576 .9571 .9561 .9548 .9534 .9501 .948 50 .832
.947 .9461 .9450 .9435 .9420 .9402 .9362 .934 60 .796
.9353 .9335 .9316 .9296 .9275 .9229
70 .755
.9249 .9226 .9202 .9179 .9155 .9101
80 .711
.9150 .9122 .9094 .9067 .9040 .8980
90 .665
.9101 .9070 .9040 .9012 .8983 .8920
100 .618
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
50°C
80°C
100°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
1.0033
1.0067
1.0135
1.0266
1.0391
1.0510
1.0625
1.0736
1.0029
1.0062
1.0126
1.0251
1.0370
1.0485
1.0596
1.0705
1.0013
1.0045
1.0107
1.0227
1.0344
1.0457
1.0567
1.0674
0.9987
1.0018
1.0077
1.0195
1.0310
1.0422
1.0532
1.0641
0.9910
.9940
.9999
1.0116
1.0231
1.0343
1.0454
1.0564
0.9749
.9780
.9842
.9963
1.0081
1.0198
1.0312
1.0426
0.9617
.9651
.9718
.9849
.9975
1.0096
1.0213
1.0327
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 60.
TABLE 2-35 Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)*
2
4
8
12
16
20
25
30
35
40
1.0708
1.1083
1.1471
1.1874
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
25
1.0065
1.0144
1.0304
1.0636
1.0989
1.1359
1.1748
1.2281
Ammonium Chloride (nH4Cl)*
%
% −5°C
d4
∗International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 68.
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 59.
TABLE 2-34
18
%
0°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
60°C
80°C 100°C 120°C† 140°C
1.0171
1.0346
1.0703
1.1072
1.1454
1.1853
1.2376
1.2922
1.0148
1.0316
1.0659
1.1015
1.1386
1.1775
1.2284
1.2816
1.3373
1.3957
1.0120
1.0286
1.0626
1.0978
1.1345
1.1730
1.2236
1.2764
1.3316
1.3895
1.0084
1.0249
1.0586
1.0937
1.1301
1.1684
1.2186
1.2709
1.3255
1.3826
0.9994
1.0158
1.0492
1.0840
1.1202
1.1581
1.2079
1.2597
1.3137
1.3700
0.9881
1.0046
1.0382
1.0730
1.1092
1.1471
1.1965
1.2478
1.3013
1.3571
0.9748
0.9915
1.0257
1.0610
1.0973
1.1352
1.1846
1.2359
1.2893
1.3450
0.9596
0.9765
1.0111
1.0466
1.0835
1.1219
0.9428
0.9601
0.9954
1.0317
1.0691
1.1080
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 72–73.
†
Corrected to atmospheric pressure.
TABLE 2-36 Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)*
%
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1.0086
1.0174
1.0347
1.0703
1.1088
1.1475
1.1870
1.2400
1.2970
1.3605
1.4280
1.0084
1.0168
1.0341
1.0692
1.1071
1.1449
1.1847
1.2380
1.2950
1.3580
1.4235
1.4920
1.5610
1.0068
1.0152
1.0324
1.0669
1.1040
1.1418
1.1820
1.2340
1.2910
1.3530
1.4175
1.4850
1.5510
1.0040
1.0122
1.0292
1.0636
1.1006
1.1386
1.1786
1.2290
1.2850
1.3475
1.4115
TABLE 2-37 Ferric Sulfate
[Fe2(SO4)3]*
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
30
40
50
60
%
15°C
18°C
TABLE 2-40 Hydrogen
Cyanide (HCn)*
20°C
0.2
1.00068
1.0002
0.4
1.00275
1.0022
0.8
1.00645
1.0062
1.0 1.0090
1.0085
1.0082
4.0 1.0380
1.0375
8.0 1.0790
1.0785
12.0 1.1235
1.1220
16.0 1.1690
1.1675
20.0 1.2150
1.2135
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3,
p. 68.
17.5
d4
1.0072
1.0157
1.0327
1.0670
1.1028
1.1409
1.1811
1.3073
1.4487
1.6127
1.7983
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 68.
15
%
d4
1
2
4
8
12
16
82
90
100
0.998
0.996
0.993
0.984
0.971
0.956
0.752
0.724
0.691
∗International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 61.
TABLE 2-41 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
%
−5°C
0°C
10°C
20°C
40°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
1.0048
1.0104
1.0213
1.0321
1.0428
1.0536
1.0645
1.0754
1.0864
1.0975
1.1087
1.1200
1.1314
1.1426
1.1537
1.1648
1.0052
1.0106
1.0213
1.0319
1.0423
1.0528
1.0634
1.0741
1.0849
1.0958
1.1067
1.1177
1.1287
1.1396
1.1505
1.1613
1.0048
1.0100
1.0202
1.0303
1.0403
1.0504
1.0607
1.0711
1.0815
1.0920
1.1025
1.1131
1.1238
1.1344
1.1449
1.1553
1.0032
1.0082
1.0181
1.0279
1.0376
1.0474
1.0574
1.0675
1.0776
1.0878
1.0980
1.1083
1.1187
1.1290
1.1392
1.1493
1.1593
1.1691
1.1789
1.1885
1.1980
0.9970
1.0019
1.0116
1.0211
1.0305
1.0400
1.0497
1.0594
1.0692
1.0790
1.0888
1.0986
1.1085
1.1183
1.1280
1.1376
0.9881
0.9930
1.0026
1.0121
1.0215
1.0310
1.0406
1.0502
1.0598
1.0694
1.0790
1.0886
1.0982
1.1076
1.1169
1.1260
0.9768
0.9819
0.9919
1.0016
1.0111
1.0206
1.0302
1.0398
1.0494
1.0590
1.0685
1.0780
1.0874
1.0967
1.1058
1.1149
0.9636
0.9688
0.9791
0.9892
0.9992
1.0090
1.0188
1.0286
1.0383
1.0479
1.0574
1.0668
1.0761
1.0853
1.0942
1.1030
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 54.
TABLE 2-42 Hydrogen
Peroxide (H2O2)*
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 68.
%
TABLE 2-39 Ferrous Sulfate
(FeSO4)*
18
18
%
d4
%
d4
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
1.0022
1.0058
1.0131
1.0204
1.0277
1.0351
1.0425
1.0499
1.0574
1.0649
1.0725
1.0802
1.0880
26
28
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
70
80
90
100
1.0959
1.1040
1.1122
1.1327
1.1536
1.1749
1.1966
1.2188
1.2416
1.2897
1.3406
1.3931
1.4465
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3,
p. 54.
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS InORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS AT 1 ATM
2-101
TABLE 2-43 nitric Acid (HnO3)*
%
0°C
5°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
40°C
50°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
1
2
3
4
1.0058
1.0117
1.0176
1.0236
1.00572
1.01149
1.01730
1.02315
1.00534
1.01099
1.01668
1.02240
1.00464
1.01018
1.01576
1.02137
1.00364
1.00909
1.01457
1.02008
1.00241
1.00778
1.01318
1.01861
1.0009
1.0061
1.0114
1.0168
0.9973
1.0025
1.0077
1.0129
0.9931
0.9982
1.0033
1.0084
0.9882
0.9932
0.9982
1.0033
0.9767
0.9816
0.9865
0.9915
0.9632
0.9681
0.9730
0.9779
5
6
7
8
9
1.0296
1.0357
1.0418
1.0480
1.0543
1.02904
1.03497
1.0410
1.0471
1.0532
1.02816
1.03397
1.0399
1.0458
1.0518
1.02702
1.03272
1.0385
1.0443
1.0502
1.02563
1.03122
1.0369
1.0427
1.0485
1.02408
1.02958
1.0352
1.0409
1.0466
1.0222
1.0277
1.0333
1.0389
1.0446
1.0182
1.0235
1.0289
1.0344
1.0399
1.0136
1.0188
1.0241
1.0295
1.0349
1.0084
1.0136
1.0188
1.0241
1.0294
0.9965
1.0015
1.0066
1.0117
1.0169
0.9829
0.9879
0.9929
0.9980
1.0032
10
11
12
13
14
1.0606
1.0669
1.0733
1.0797
1.0862
1.0594
1.0656
1.0718
1.0781
1.0845
1.0578
1.0639
1.0700
1.0762
1.0824
1.0561
1.0621
1.0681
1.0742
1.0803
1.0543
1.0602
1.0661
1.0721
1.0781
1.0523
1.0581
1.0640
1.0699
1.0758
1.0503
1.0560
1.0618
1.0676
1.0735
1.0455
1.0511
1.0567
1.0624
1.0681
1.0403
1.0458
1.0513
1.0568
1.0624
1.0347
1.0401
1.0455
1.0509
1.0564
1.0221
1.0273
1.0326
1.0379
1.0432
1.0083
1.0134
1.0186
1.0238
1.0289
15
16
17
18
19
1.0927
1.0992
1.1057
1.1123
1.1189
1.0909
1.0973
1.1038
1.1103
1.1168
1.0887
1.0950
1.1014
1.1078
1.1142
1.0865
1.0927
1.0989
1.1052
1.1115
1.0842
1.0903
1.0964
1.1026
1.1088
1.0818
1.0879
1.0940
1.1001
1.1062
1.0794
1.0854
1.0914
1.0974
1.1034
1.0739
1.0797
1.0855
1.0913
1.0972
1.0680
1.0737
1.0794
1.0851
1.0908
1.0619
1.0675
1.0731
1.0787
1.0843
1.0485
1.0538
1.0592
1.0646
1.0700
1.0341
1.0393
1.0444
1.0496
1.0547
20
21
22
23
24
1.1255
1.1322
1.1389
1.1457
1.1525
1.1234
1.1300
1.1366
1.1433
1.1501
1.1206
1.1271
1.1336
1.1402
1.1469
1.1178
1.1242
1.1306
1.1371
1.1437
1.1150
1.1213
1.1276
1.1340
1.1404
1.1123
1.1185
1.1247
1.1310
1.1374
1.1094
1.1155
1.1217
1.1280
1.1343
1.1031
1.1090
1.1150
1.1210
1.1271
1.0966
1.1024
1.1083
1.1142
1.1201
1.0899
1.0956
1.1013
1.1070
1.1127
1.0754
1.0808
1.0862
1.0917
1.0972
1.0598
1.0650
1.0701
1.0753
1.0805
25
26
27
28
29
1.1594
1.1663
1.1733
1.1803
1.1874
1.1569
1.1638
1.1707
1.1777
1.1847
1.1536
1.1603
1.1670
1.1738
1.1807
1.1503
1.1569
1.1635
1.1702
1.1770
1.1469
1.1534
1.1600
1.1666
1.1733
1.1438
1.1502
1.1566
1.1631
1.1697
1.1406
1.1469
1.1533
1.1597
1.1662
1.1332
1.1394
1.1456
1.1519
1.1582
1.1260
1.1320
1.1381
1.1442
1.1503
1.1185
1.1244
1.1303
1.1362
1.1422
1.1027
1.1083
1.1139
1.1195
1.1251
1.0857
1.0910
1.0963
1.1016
1.1069
30
31
32
33
34
1.1945
1.2016
1.2088
1.2160
1.2233
1.1917
1.1988
1.2059
1.2131
1.2203
1.1876
1.1945
1.2014
1.2084
1.2155
1.1838
1.1906
1.1974
1.2043
1.2113
1.1800
1.1867
1.1934
1.2002
1.2071
1.1763
1.1829
1.1896
1.1963
1.2030
1.1727
1.1792
1.1857
1.1922
1.1988
1.1645
1.1708
1.1772
1.1836
1.1901
1.1564
1.1625
1.1687
1.1749
1.1812
1.1482
1.1542
1.1602
1.1662
1.1723
1.1307
1.1363
1.1419
1.1476
1.1533
1.1122
1.1175
1.1228
1.1281
1.1335
35
36
37
38
39
1.2306
1.2375
1.2444
1.2513
1.2581
1.2275
1.2344
1.2412
1.2479
1.2546
1.2227
1.2294
1.2361
1.2428
1.2494
1.2183
1.2249
1.2315
1.2381
1.2446
1.2140
1.2205
1.2270
1.2335
1.2399
1.2098
1.2163
1.2227
1.2291
1.2354
1.2055
1.2119
1.2182
1.2245
1.2308
1.1966
1.2028
1.2089
1.2150
1.2210
1.1876
1.1936
1.1995
1.2054
1.2112
1.1784
1.1842
1.1899
1.1956
1.2013
1.1591
1.1645
1.1699
1.1752
1.1805
1.1390
1.1440
1.1490
1.1540
1.1589
40
41
42
43
44
1.2649
1.2717
1.2786
1.2854
1.2922
1.2613
1.2680
1.2747
1.2814
1.2880
1.2560
1.2626
1.2692
1.2758
1.2824
1.2511
1.2576
1.2641
1.2706
1.2771
1.2463
1.2527
1.2591
1.2655
1.2719
1.2417
1.2480
1.2543
1.2606
1.2669
1.2370
1.2432
1.2494
1.2556
1.2618
1.2270
1.2330
1.2390
1.2450
1.2510
1.2170
1.2229
1.2287
1.2345
1.2403
1.2069
1.2126
1.2182
1.2238
1.2294
1.1858
1.1911
1.1963
1.2015
1.2067
1.1638
1.1687
1.1735
1.1783
1.1831
45
46
47
48
49
1.2990
1.3058
1.3126
1.3194
1.3263
1.2947
1.3014
1.3080
1.3147
1.3214
1.2890
1.2955
1.3021
1.3087
1.3153
1.2836
1.2901
1.2966
1.3031
1.3096
1.2783
1.2847
1.2911
1.2975
1.3040
1.2732
1.2795
1.2858
1.2921
1.2984
1.2680
1.2742
1.2804
1.2867
1.2929
1.2570
1.2630
1.2690
1.2750
1.2811
1.2461
1.2519
1.2577
1.2635
1.2693
1.2350
1.2406
1.2462
1.2518
1.2575
1.2119
1.2171
1.2223
1.2275
1.2328
1.1879
1.1927
1.1976
1.2024
1.2073
50
51
52
53
54
1.3327
1.3391
1.3454
1.3517
1.3579
1.3277
1.3339
1.3401
1.3462
1.3523
1.3215
1.3277
1.3338
1.3399
1.3459
1.3157
1.3218
1.3278
1.3338
1.3397
1.3100
1.3160
1.3219
1.3278
1.3336
1.3043
1.3102
1.3160
1.3218
1.3275
1.2987
1.3045
1.3102
1.3159
1.3215
1.2867
1.2923
1.2978
1.3033
1.3087
1.2748
1.2802
1.2856
1.2909
1.2961
1.2628
1.2680
1.2731
1.2782
1.2833
1.2377
1.2425
1.2473
1.2521
1.2568
1.2118
1.2163
1.2208
1.2252
1.2296
55
56
57
58
59
1.3640
1.3700
1.3759
1.3818
1.3875
1.3583
1.3642
1.3700
1.3757
1.3813
1.3518
1.3576
1.3634
1.3691
1.3747
1.3455
1.3512
1.3569
1.3625
1.3680
1.3393
1.3449
1.3505
1.3560
1.3614
1.3331
1.3386
1.3441
1.3495
1.3548
1.3270
1.3324
1.3377
1.3430
1.3482
1.3141
1.3194
1.3246
1.3298
1.3348
1.3013
1.3064
1.3114
1.3164
1.3213
1.2883
1.2932
1.2981
1.3029
1.3077
1.2615
1.2661
1.2706
1.2751
1.2795
1.2339
1.2382
1.2424
1.2466
1.2507
60
61
62
63
64
1.3931
1.3986
1.4039
1.4091
1.3868
1.3922
1.3975
1.4027
1.4078
1.3801
1.3855
1.3907
1.3958
1.4007
1.3734
1.3787
1.3838
1.3888
1.3936
1.3667
1.3719
1.3769
1.3818
1.3866
1.3600
1.3651
1.3700
1.3748
1.3795
1.3533
1.3583
1.3632
1.3679
1.3725
1.3398
1.3447
1.3494
1.3540
1.3261
1.3308
1.3354
1.3398
1.3124
1.3169
1.3213
1.3255
1.2839
1.2881
1.2922
1.2962
1.2547
1.2587
1.2625
1.2661
(Continued )
2-102
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-43 nitric Acid (HnO3) (Continued )
%
5°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
65
66
67
68
69
0°C
1.4128
1.4177
1.4224
1.4271
1.4317
1.4055
1.4103
1.4150
1.4196
1.4241
1.3984
1.4031
1.4077
1.4122
1.4166
1.3913
1.3959
1.4004
1.4048
1.4091
1.3841
1.3887
1.3932
1.3976
1.4019
1.3770
1.3814
1.3857
1.3900
1.3942
70
71
72
73
74
1.4362
1.4406
1.4449
1.4491
1.4532
1.4285
1.4328
1.4371
1.4413
1.4454
1.4210
1.4252
1.4294
1.4335
1.4376
1.4134
1.4176
1.4218
1.4258
1.4298
1.4061
1.4102
1.4142
1.4182
1.4221
1.3983
1.4023
1.4063
1.4103
1.4142
75
76
77
78
79
1.4573
1.4613
1.4652
1.4690
1.4727
1.4494
1.4533
1.4572
1.4610
1.4647
1.4415
1.4454
1.4492
1.4529
1.4565
1.4337
1.4375
1.4413
1.4450
1.4486
1.4259
1.4296
1.4333
1.4369
1.4404
1.4180
1.4217
1.4253
1.4288
1.4323
80
81
82
83
84
1.4764
1.4800
1.4835
1.4869
1.4903
1.4683
1.4718
1.4753
1.4787
1.4820
1.4601
1.4636
1.4670
1.4704
1.4737
1.4521
1.4555
1.4589
1.4622
1.4655
1.4439
1.4473
1.4507
1.4540
1.4572
1.4357
1.4391
1.4424
1.4456
1.4487
85
86
87
88
89
1.4936
1.4968
1.4999
1.5029
1.5058
1.4852
1.4883
1.4913
1.4942
1.4970
1.4769
1.4799
1.4829
1.4858
1.4885
1.4686
1.4716
1.4745
1.4773
1.4800
1.4603
1.4633
1.4662
1.4690
1.4716
1.4518
1.4548
1.4577
1.4605
1.4631
90
91
92
93
94
1.5085
1.5111
1.5136
1.5156
1.5177
1.4997
1.5023
1.5048
1.5068
1.5088
1.4911
1.4936
1.4960
1.4979
1.4999
1.4826
1.4850
1.4873
1.4892
1.4912
1.4741
1.4766
1.4789
1.4807
1.4826
1.4656
1.4681
1.4704
1.4722
1.4741
95
96
97
98
99
100
1.5198
1.5220
1.5244
1.5278
1.5327
1.5402
1.5109
1.5130
1.5152
1.5187
1.5235
1.5310
1.5019
1.5040
1.5062
1.5096
1.5144
1.5217
1.4932
1.4952
1.4974
1.5008
1.5056
1.5129
1.4846
1.4867
1.4889
1.4922
1.4969
1.5040
1.4761
1.4781
1.4802
1.4835
1.4881
1.4952
40°C
50°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 58–59.
TABLE 2-44 Perchloric Acid (HClO4)*
15
%
d4
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
1.0050
1.0109
1.0228
1.0348
1.0471
1.0597
1.0726
1.0589
1.0995
1.1135
1.1279
1.1428
1.1581
1.1738
20
d4
25
50
TABLE 2-46 Potassium Bicarbonate (KHCO3)*
15
20
50
d4
d4
%
d4
d4
d4
1.0020
1.0070
1.0169
1.0270
1.0372
1.0475
0.9933
0.9986
0.9906
1.0205
1.0320
1.0440
1.0560
1.0680
1.0810
1.0940
1.1070
1.1205
1.1345
1.1490
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
1.1900
1.2067
1.2239
1.2418
1.2603
1.2794
1.2991
1.3521
1.4103
1.4733
1.5389
1.6059
1.6736
1.1851
1.2013
1.2183
1.2359
1.2542
1.2732
1.2927
1.3450
1.4018
1.4636
1.5298
1.5986
1.6680
1.1645
1.1800
1.1960
1.2130
1.2310
1.2490
1.2680
1.3180
1.3730
1.4320
1.4950
1.5620
1.6290
1.1697
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 54.
2%
6%
14%
20%
26%
0 1.0113 1.0339 1.0811 1.1192
10 1.0109 1.0330 1.0792 1.1167 1.1567
20 1.0092 1.0309 1.0764 1.1134 1.1529
30 1.0065 1.0279 1.0728 1.1094 1.1484
40 1.0029 1.0241 1.0685 1.1048
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 61.
1%
2%
4%
0
1.0066
1.0134
1.0270
10
1.0064
1.0132
1.0268
15
1.0058
1.0125
1.0260
20
1.0049
1.0117
1.0252
30
1.0024
1.0092
1.0228
40
0.9990
1.0058
1.0195
50
0.9949
1.0017
1.0154
60
0.9901
0.9969
1.0106
80
0.9786
0.9855
0.9993
100
0.9653
0.9722
0.9860
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 90.
6%
8%
10%
1.0396
1.0534
1.0674
TABLE 2-47 Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3)*
TABLE 2-45 Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)*
°C
°C
35%
50%
75%
100%
1.221
1.216
1.211
1.341
1.335
1.329
1.579
1.572
1.870
1.862
%
0°C
10°C
20°C
40°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
45
50
1.0094
1.0189
1.0381
1.0768
1.1160
1.1562
1.1977
1.2405
1.2846
1.3071
1.3646
1.4244
1.4867
1.5517
1.0089
1.0182
1.0369
1.0746
1.1131
1.1530
1.1941
1.2366
1.2804
1.3028
1.3600
1.4195
1.4815
1.5462
1.0072
1.0163
1.0345
1.0715
1.1096
1.1490
1.1898
1.2320
1.2756
1.2979
1.3548
1.4141
1.4759
1.5404
1.0010
1.0098
1.0276
1.0640
1.1013
1.1399
1.1801
1.2219
1.2652
1.2873
1.3440
1.4029
1.4644
1.5285
0.9919
1.0005
1.0180
1.0538
1.0906
1.1290
1.1690
1.2106
1.2538
1.2759
1.3324
1.3913
1.4528
1.5169
0.9803
0.9889
1.0063
1.0418
1.0786
1.1170
1.1570
1.1986
1.2418
1.2640
1.3206
1.3795
1.4408
1.5048
0.9670
0.9756
0.9951
1.0291
1.0663
1.1049
1.1451
1.1869
1.2301
1.2522
1.3089
1.3678
1.4290
1.4928
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 90.
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS InORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS AT 1 ATM
TABLE 2-48 Potassium Chloride (KCl)*
2-103
TABLE 2-52 Sodium Carbonate (na2CO3)*
%
0°C
20°C
25°C
40°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
%
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
12.0
16.0
20.0
24.0
28.0
1.00661
1.01335
1.02690
1.05431
1.08222
1.11068
1.13973
1.00462
1.01103
1.02391
1.05003
1.07679
1.10434
1.13280
1.16226
1.00342
1.00977
1.02255
1.04847
1.07506
1.10245
1.13072
1.15995
0.99847
1.00471
1.01727
1.04278
1.06897
1.09600
1.12399
1.15299
1.18304
0.9894
0.9956
1.0080
1.0333
1.0592
1.0861
1.1138
1.1425
1.1723
0.9780
0.9842
0.9966
1.0219
1.0478
1.0746
1.1024
1.1311
1.1609
0.9646
0.9708
0.9634
1.0888
1.0350
1.0619
1.0897
1.1185
1.1483
1
2
4
8
12
14
16
18
20
24
28
30
1.0109
1.0219
1.0439
1.0878
1.1319
1.1543
1.0103
1.0210
1.0423
1.0850
1.1284
1.1506
1.0086
1.0190
1.0398
1.0816
1.1244
1.1463
1.0058
1.0159
1.0363
1.0775
1.1200
1.1417
1.1636
1.1859
1.2086
1.2552
1.3031
1.3274
1.0022
1.0122
1.0323
1.0732
1.1150
1.1365
0.9929
1.0027
1.0223
1.0625
1.1039
1.1251
0.9814
0.9910
1.0105
1.0503
1.0914
1.1125
0.9683
0.9782
0.9980
1.0380
1.0787
1.0996
%
110°C
120°C
130°C
3.79
7.45
13.62
0.9733
0.9978
1.0388
0.9663
0.9899
1.0313
0.9583
0.9827
1.0238
140°C
0.9502
0.9745
1.0159
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 82–83.
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 87.
TABLE 2-53 Sodium Chloride (naCl)*
TABLE 2-49 Potassium
Hydroxide (KOH)*
%
d
15
4
1.0
1.0083
2.0
1.0175
4.0
1.0359
6.0
1.0544
8.0
1.0730
10.0
1.0918
15.0
1.1396
20.0
1.1884
25.0
1.2387
30.0
1.2905
35.0
1.3440
40.0
1.3991
45.0
1.4558
50.0
1.5143
51.7
1.5355 (sat’d. soln.)
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3,
p. 86.
0°C
10°C
20°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
1.00654
1.01326
1.02677
1.05419
1.08221
1.00615
1.01262
1.02566
1.05226
1.07963
1.00447
1.01075
1.02344
1.04940
1.07620
1.10392
1.13261
1.16233
10°C
25°C
40°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
1.00747
1.01509
1.03038
1.06121
1.09244
1.12419
1.15663
1.18999
1.20709
1.00707
1.01442
1.02920
1.05907
1.08946
1.12056
1.15254
1.18557
1.20254
1.00409
1.01112
1.02530
1.05412
1.08365
1.11401
1.14533
1.17776
1.19443
0.99908
1.00593
1.01977
1.04798
1.07699
1.10688
1.13774
1.16971
1.18614
0.9900
0.9967
1.0103
1.0381
1.0667
1.0962
1.1268
1.1584
1.1747
0.9785
0.9852
0.9988
1.0264
1.0549
1.0842
1.1146
1.1463
1.1626
0.9651
0.9719
0.9855
1.0134
1.0420
1.0713
1.1017
1.1331
1.1492
TABLE 2-54 Sodium Hydroxide (naOH)*
40°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
0.99825
1.00430
1.01652
1.04152
1.06740
1.09432
1.12240
1.15175
0.9890
0.9949
1.0068
1.0313
1.0567
1.0831
1.1106
1.1391
0.9776
0.9834
0.9951
1.0192
1.0442
1.0703
1.0974
1.1256
0.9641
0.9699
0.9816
1.0056
1.0304
1.0562
1.0831
1.1110
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 89.
0°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
26
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 79.
TABLE 2-50 Potassium nitrate (KnO3)*
%
%
%
0°C
15°C
20°C
40°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
50
1.0124
1.0244
1.0482
1.0943
1.1399
1.1849
1.2296
1.2741
1.3182
1.3614
1.4030
1.4435
1.4825
1.5210
1.5400
1.01065
1.02198
1.04441
1.08887
1.13327
1.17761
1.22183
1.26582
1.3094
1.3520
1.3933
1.4334
1.4720
1.5102
1.5290
1.0095
1.0207
1.0428
1.0869
1.1309
1.1751
1.2191
1.2629
1.3064
1.3490
1.3900
1.4300
1.4685
1.5065
1.5253
1.0033
1.0139
1.0352
1.0780
1.1210
1.1645
1.2079
1.2512
1.2942
1.3362
1.3768
1.4164
1.4545
1.4922
1.5109
0.9941
1.0045
1.0254
1.0676
1.1101
1.1531
1.1960
1.2388
1.2814
1.3232
1.3634
1.4027
1.4405
1.4781
1.4967
0.9824
0.9929
1.0139
1.0560
1.0983
1.1408
1.1833
1.2259
1.2682
1.3097
1.3498
1.3889
1.4266
1.4641
1.4827
0.9693
0.9797
1.0009
1.0432
1.0855
1.1277
1.1700
1.2124
1.2546
1.2960
1.3360
1.3750
1.4127
1.4503
1.4690
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 79.
TABLE 2-51 Sodium Acetate
(naC2H3O2)*
20
%
d4
1
2
4
8
12
18
20
26
28
1.0033
1.0084
1.0186
1.0392
1.0598
1.0807
1.1021
1.1351
1.1462
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3,
p. 83.
2-104
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-55 Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)*
%
0°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
40°C
50°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
1
2
3
4
1.0074
1.0147
1.0219
1.0291
1.0068
1.0138
1.0206
1.0275
1.0060
1.0129
1.0197
1.0264
1.0051
1.0118
1.0184
1.0250
1.0038
1.0104
1.0169
1.0234
1.0022
1.0087
1.0152
1.0216
0.9986
1.0050
1.0113
1.0176
0.9944
1.0006
1.0067
1.0129
0.9895
0.9956
1.0017
1.0078
0.9779
0.9839
0.9900
0.9961
0.9645
0.9705
0.9766
0.9827
5
6
7
8
9
1.0364
1.0437
1.0511
1.0585
1.0660
1.0344
1.0414
1.0485
1.0556
1.0628
1.0332
1.0400
1.0469
1.0539
1.0610
1.0317
1.0385
1.0453
1.0522
1.0591
1.0300
1.0367
1.0434
1.0502
1.0571
1.0281
1.0347
1.0414
1.0481
1.0549
1.0240
1.0305
1.0371
1.0437
1.0503
1.0192
1.0256
1.0321
1.0386
1.0451
1.0140
1.0203
1.0266
1.0330
1.0395
1.0022
1.0084
1.0146
1.0209
1.0273
0.9888
0.9950
1.0013
1.0076
1.0140
10
11
12
13
14
1.0735
1.0810
1.0886
1.0962
1.1039
1.0700
1.0773
1.0846
1.0920
1.0994
1.0681
1.0753
1.0825
1.0898
1.0971
1.0661
1.0731
1.0802
1.0874
1.0947
1.0640
1.0710
1.0780
1.0851
1.0922
1.0617
1.0686
1.0756
1.0826
1.0897
1.0570
1.0637
1.0705
1.0774
1.0844
1.0517
1.0584
1.0651
1.0719
1.0788
1.0460
1.0526
1.0593
1.0661
1.0729
1.0338
1.0403
1.0469
1.0536
1.0603
1.0204
1.0269
1.0335
1.0402
1.0469
15
16
17
18
19
1.1116
1.1194
1.1272
1.1351
1.1430
1.1069
1.1145
1.1221
1.1298
1.1375
1.1045
1.1120
1.1195
1.1271
1.1347
1.1020
1.1094
1.1168
1.1243
1.1318
1.0994
1.1067
1.1141
1.1215
1.1290
1.0968
1.1040
1.1113
1.1187
1.1261
1.0914
1.0985
1.1057
1.1129
1.1202
1.0857
1.0927
1.0998
1.1070
1.1142
1.0798
1.0868
1.0938
1.1009
1.1081
1.0671
1.0740
1.0809
1.0879
1.0950
1.0537
1.0605
1.0674
1.0744
1.0814
20
21
22
23
24
1.1510
1.1590
1.1670
1.1751
1.1832
1.1453
1.1531
1.1609
1.1688
1.1768
1.1424
1.1501
1.1579
1.1657
1.1736
1.1394
1.1471
1.1548
1.1626
1.1704
1.1365
1.1441
1.1517
1.1594
1.1672
1.1335
1.1410
1.1486
1.1563
1.1640
1.1275
1.1349
1.1424
1.1500
1.1576
1.1215
1.1288
1.1362
1.1437
1.1512
1.1153
1.1226
1.1299
1.1373
1.1448
1.1021
1.1093
1.1166
1.1239
1.1313
1.0885
1.0957
1.1029
1.1102
1.1176
25
26
27
28
29
1.1914
1.1996
1.2078
1.2160
1.2243
1.1848
1.1929
1.2010
1.2091
1.2173
1.1816
1.1896
1.1976
1.2057
1.2138
1.1783
1.1862
1.1942
1.2023
1.2104
1.1750
1.1829
1.1909
1.1989
1.2069
1.1718
1.1796
1.1875
1.1955
1.2035
1.1653
1.1730
1.1808
1.1887
1.1966
1.1588
1.1665
1.1742
1.1820
1.1898
1.1523
1.1599
1.1676
1.1753
1.1831
1.1388
1.1463
1.1539
1.1616
1.1693
1.1250
1.1325
1.1400
1.1476
1.1553
30
31
32
33
34
1.2326
1.2409
1.2493
1.2577
1.2661
1.2255
1.2338
1.2421
1.2504
1.2588
1.2220
1.2302
1.2385
1.2468
1.2552
1.2185
1.2267
1.2349
1.2432
1.2515
1.2150
1.2232
1.2314
1.2396
1.2479
1.2115
1.2196
1.2278
1.2360
1.2443
1.2046
1.2126
1.2207
1.2289
1.2371
1.1977
1.2057
1.2137
1.2218
1.2300
1.1909
1.1988
1.2068
1.2148
1.2229
1.1771
1.1849
1.1928
1.2008
1.2088
1.1630
1.1708
1.1787
1.1866
1.1946
35
36
37
38
39
1.2746
1.2831
1.2917
1.3004
1.3091
1.2672
1.2757
1.2843
1.2929
1.3016
1.2636
1.2720
1.2805
1.2891
1.2978
1.2599
1.2684
1.2769
1.2855
1.2941
1.2563
1.2647
1.2732
1.2818
1.2904
1.2526
1.2610
1.2695
1.2780
1.2866
1.2454
1.2538
1.2622
1.2707
1.2793
1.2383
1.2466
1.2550
1.2635
1.2720
1.2311
1.2394
1.2477
1.2561
1.2646
1.2169
1.2251
1.2334
1.2418
1.2503
1.2027
1.2109
1.2192
1.2276
1.2361
40
41
42
43
44
1.3179
1.3268
1.3357
1.3447
1.3538
1.3103
1.3191
1.3280
1.3370
1.3461
1.3065
1.3153
1.3242
1.3332
1.3423
1.3028
1.3116
1.3205
1.3294
1.3384
1.2991
1.3079
1.3167
1.3256
1.3346
1.2953
1.3041
1.3129
1.3218
1.3308
1.2880
1.2967
1.3055
1.3144
1.3234
1.2806
1.2893
1.2981
1.3070
1.3160
1.2732
1.2819
1.2907
1.2996
1.3086
1.2589
1.2675
1.2762
1.2850
1.2939
1.2446
1.2532
1.2619
1.2707
1.2796
45
46
47
48
49
1.3630
1.3724
1.3819
1.3915
1.4012
1.3553
1.3646
1.3740
1.3835
1.3931
1.3515
1.3608
1.3702
1.3797
1.3893
1.3476
1.3569
1.3663
1.3758
1.3854
1.3437
1.3530
1.3624
1.3719
1.3814
1.3399
1.3492
1.3586
1.3680
1.3775
1.3325
1.3417
1.3510
1.3604
1.3699
1.3251
1.3343
1.3435
1.3528
1.3623
1.3177
1.3269
1.3362
1.3455
1.3549
1.3029
1.3120
1.3212
1.3305
1.3399
1.2886
1.2976
1.3067
1.3159
1.3253
50
51
52
53
54
1.4110
1.4209
1.4310
1.4412
1.4515
1.4029
1.4128
1.4228
1.4329
1.4431
1.3990
1.4088
1.4188
1.4289
1.4391
1.3951
1.4049
1.4148
1.4248
1.4350
1.3911
1.4009
1.4109
1.4209
1.4310
1.3872
1.3970
1.4069
1.4169
1.4270
1.3795
1.3893
1.3991
1.4091
1.4191
1.3719
1.3816
1.3914
1.4013
1.4113
1.3644
1.3740
1.3837
1.3936
1.4036
1.3494
1.3590
1.3687
1.3785
1.3884
1.3348
1.3444
1.3540
1.3637
1.3735
55
56
57
58
59
1.4619
1.4724
1.4830
1.4937
1.5045
1.4535
1.4640
1.4746
1.4852
1.4959
1.4494
1.4598
1.4703
1.4809
1.4916
1.4453
1.4557
1.4662
1.4768
1.4875
1.4412
1.4516
1.4621
1.4726
1.4832
1.4372
1.4475
1.4580
1.4685
1.4791
1.4293
1.4396
1.4500
1.4604
1.4709
1.4214
1.4317
1.4420
1.4524
1.4629
1.4137
1.4239
1.4342
1.4446
1.4551
1.3984
1.4085
1.4187
1.4290
1.4393
1.3834
1.3934
1.4035
1.4137
1.4240
60
61
62
63
64
1.5154
1.5264
1.5375
1.5487
1.5600
1.5067
1.5177
1.5287
1.5398
1.5510
1.5024
1.5133
1.5243
1.5354
1.5465
1.4983
1.5091
1.5200
1.5310
1.5421
1.4940
1.5048
1.5157
1.5267
1.5378
1.4898
1.5006
1.5115
1.5225
1.5335
1.4816
1.4923
1.5031
1.5140
1.5250
1.4735
1.4842
1.4950
1.5058
1.5167
1.4656
1.4762
1.4869
1.4977
1.5086
1.4497
1.4602
1.4708
1.4815
1.4923
1.4344
1.4449
1.4554
1.4660
1.4766
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS InORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS AT 1 ATM
2-105
TABLE 2-55 Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) (Continued )
%
0°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
40°C
50°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
65
66
67
68
69
1.5714
1.5828
1.5943
1.6059
1.6176
1.5623
1.5736
1.5850
1.5965
1.6081
1.5578
1.5691
1.5805
1.5920
1.6035
1.5533
1.5646
1.5760
1.5874
1.5989
1.5490
1.5602
1.5715
1.5829
1.5944
1.5446
1.5558
1.5671
1.5785
1.5899
1.5361
1.5472
1.5584
1.5697
1.5811
1.5277
1.5388
1.5499
1.5611
1.5724
1.5195
1.5305
1.5416
1.5528
1.5640
1.5031
1.5140
1.5249
1.5359
1.5470
1.4873
1.4981
1.5089
1.5198
1.5307
70
71
72
73
74
1.6293
1.6411
1.6529
1.6648
1.6768
1.6198
1.6315
1.6433
1.6551
1.6670
1.6151
1.6268
1.6385
1.6503
1.6622
1.6105
1.6221
1.6338
1.6456
1.6574
1.6059
1.6175
1.6292
1.6409
1.6526
1.6014
1.6130
1.6246
1.6363
1.6480
1.5925
1.6040
1.6155
1.6271
1.6387
1.5838
1.5952
1.6067
1.6182
1.6297
1.5753
1.5867
1.5981
1.6095
1.6209
1.5582
1.5694
1.5806
1.5919
1.6031
1.5417
1.5527
1.5637
1.5747
1.5857
75
76
77
78
79
1.6888
1.7008
1.7128
1.7247
1.7365
1.6789
1.6908
1.7026
1.7144
1.7261
1.6740
1.6858
1.6976
1.7093
1.7209
1.6692
1.6810
1.6927
1.7043
1.7158
1.6644
1.6761
1.6878
1.6994
1.7108
1.6597
1.6713
1.6829
1.6944
1.7058
1.6503
1.6619
1.6734
1.6847
1.6959
1.6412
1.6526
1.6640
1.6751
1.6862
1.6322
1.6435
1.6547
1.6657
1.6766
1.6142
1.6252
1.6361
1.6469
1.6575
1.5966
1.6074
1.6181
1.6286
1.6390
80
81
82
83
84
1.7482
1.7597
1.7709
1.7815
1.7916
1.7376
1.7489
1.7599
1.7704
1.7804
1.7323
1.7435
1.7544
1.7649
1.7748
1.7272
1.7383
1.7491
1.7594
1.7693
1.7221
1.7331
1.7437
1.7540
1.7639
1.7170
1.7279
1.7385
1.7487
1.7585
1.7069
1.7177
1.7281
1.7382
1.7479
1.6971
1.7077
1.7180
1.7279
1.7375
1.6873
1.6978
1.7080
1.7179
1.7274
1.6680
1.6782
1.6882
1.6979
1.7072
1.6493
1.6594
1.6692
1.6787
1.6878
85
86
87
88
89
1.8009
1.8095
1.8173
1.8243
1.8306
1.7897
1.7983
1.8061
1.8132
1.8195
1.7841
1.7927
1.8006
1.8077
1.8141
1.7786
1.7872
1.7951
1.8022
1.8087
1.7732
1.7818
1.7897
1.7968
1.8033
1.7678
1.7763
1.7842
1.7914
1.7979
1.7571
1.7657
1.7736
1.7809
1.7874
1.7466
1.7552
1.7632
1.7705
1.7770
1.7364
1.7449
1.7529
1.7602
1.7669
1.7161
1.7245
1.7324
1.7397
1.7464
1.6966
1.7050
1.7129
1.7202
1.7269
90
91
92
93
94
1.8361
1.8410
1.8453
1.8490
1.8520
1.8252
1.8302
1.8346
1.8384
1.8415
1.8198
1.8248
1.8293
1.8331
1.8363
1.8144
1.8195
1.8240
1.8279
1.8312
1.8091
1.8142
1.8188
1.8227
1.8260
1.8038
1.8090
1.8136
1.8176
1.8210
1.7933
1.7986
1.8033
1.8074
1.8109
1.7829
1.7883
1.7932
1.7974
1.8011
1.7729
1.7783
1.7832
1.7876
1.7914
1.7525
1.7581
1.7633
1.7681
1.7331
1.7388
1.7439
1.7485
95
96
97
98
99
100
1.8544
1.8560
1.8569
1.8567
1.8551
1.8517
1.8439
1.8457
1.8466
1.8463
1.8445
1.8409
1.8388
1.8406
1.8414
1.8411
1.8393
1.8357
1.8337
1.8355
1.8364
1.8361
1.8342
1.8305
1.8286
1.8305
1.8314
1.8310
1.8292
1.8255
1.8236
1.8255
1.8264
1.8261
1.8242
1.8205
1.8137
1.8157
1.8166
1.8163
1.8145
1.8107
1.8040
1.8060
1.8071
1.8068
1.8050
1.8013
1.7944
1.7965
1.7977
1.7976
1.7958
1.7922
%
d 45.96
%
d 413.00
d 418.00
0.005
.01
.02
.03
.04
1.000 0140
1.000 0576
1.000 1434
1.000 2276
1.000 3104
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.999 810
1.000 185
1.000 912
1.001 623
1.002 326
0.999 028
0.999 400
1.000 119
1.000 820
1.001 512
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
1.000 3920
1.000 4726
1.000 5523
1.000 6313
1.000 7098
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.003 023
1.003 716
1.005 090
1.006 452
1.007 807
1.002 197
1.002 877
1.004 227
1.005 570
1.006 909
.10
.15
.20
.25
.30
1.000 7880
1.001 1732
1.001 5514
1.001 9254
1.002 2961
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.009 159
1.010 510
1.011 860
1.013 209
1.014 557
1.008 247
1.009 583
1.010 918
1.012 252
1.013 586
.35
.40
.45
.50
1.002 6639
1.003 0292
1.003 3923
1.003 7534
2.4
1.015 904
1.014 919
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 56–57.
2-106
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS
TABLE 2-56 Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)
%
0°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
40°C
%
0°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
40°C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
1.0016
1.0033
1.0051
1.0070
0.9997
1.0013
1.0029
1.0044
1.0060
0.9991
1.0006
1.0021
1.0036
1.0051
0.9982
0.9996
1.0012
1.0025
1.0040
0.9971
0.9987
1.0000
1.0013
1.0027
0.9957
0.9971
0.9984
0.9997
1.0011
0.9922
0.9934
0.9946
0.9958
0.9970
50
51
52
53
54
1.0729
1.0738
1.0748
1.0757
1.0765
1.0654
1.0663
1.0671
1.0679
1.0687
1.0613
1.0622
1.0629
1.0637
1.0644
1.0575
1.0582
1.0590
1.0597
1.0604
1.0534
1.0542
1.0549
1.0555
1.0562
1.0492
1.0499
1.0506
1.0512
1.0518
1.0408
1.0414
1.0421
1.0427
1.0432
5
6
7
8
9
1.0088
1.0106
1.0124
1.0142
1.0159
1.0076
1.0092
1.0108
1.0124
1.0140
1.0066
1.0081
1.0096
1.0111
1.0126
1.0055
1.0069
1.0083
1.0097
1.0111
1.0041
1.0055
1.0068
1.0081
1.0094
1.0024
1.0037
1.0050
1.0063
1.0076
0.9982
0.9994
1.0006
1.0018
1.0030
55
56
57
58
59
1.0774
1.0782
1.0790
1.0798
1.0805
1.0694
1.0701
1.0708
1.0715
1.0722
1.0651
1.0658
1.0665
1.0672
1.0678
1.0611
1.0618
1.0624
1.0631
1.0637
1.0568
1.0574
1.0580
1.0586
1.0592
1.0525
1.0531
1.0536
1.0542
1.0547
1.0438
1.0443
1.0448
1.0453
1.0458
10
11
12
13
14
1.0177
1.0194
1.0211
1.0228
1.0245
1.0156
1.0171
1.0187
1.0202
1.0217
1.0141
1.0155
1.0170
1.0184
1.0199
1.0125
1.0139
1.0154
1.0168
1.0182
1.0107
1.0120
1.0133
1.0146
1.0159
1.0089
1.0102
1.0115
1.0127
1.0139
1.0042
1.0054
1.0065
1.0077
1.0088
60
61
62
63
64
1.0813
1.0820
1.0826
1.0833
1.0838
1.0728
1.0734
1.0740
1.0746
1.0752
1.0684
1.0690
1.0696
1.0701
1.0706
1.0642
1.0648
1.0653
1.0658
1.0662
1.0597
1.0602
1.0607
1.0612
1.0616
1.0552
1.0557
1.0562
1.0566
1.0571
1.0462
1.0466
1.0470
1.0473
1.0477
15
16
17
18
19
1.0262
1.0278
1.0295
1.0311
1.0327
1.0232
1.0247
1.0262
1.0276
1.0291
1.0213
1.0227
1.0241
1.0255
1.0269
1.0195
1.0209
1.0223
1.0236
1.0250
1.0172
1.0185
1.0198
1.0210
1.0223
1.0151
1.0163
1.0175
1.0187
1.0198
1.0099
1.0110
1.0121
1.0132
1.0142
65
66
67
68
69
1.0844
1.0850
1.0856
1.0860
1.0865
1.0757
1.0762
1.0767
1.0771
1.0775
1.0711
1.0716
1.0720
1.0725
1.0729
1.0666
1.0671
1.0675
1.0678
1.0682
1.0621
1.0624
1.0628
1.0631
1.0634
1.0575
1.0578
1.0582
1.0585
1.0588
1.0480
1.0483
1.0486
1.0489
1.0491
20
21
22
23
24
1.0343
1.0358
1.0374
1.0389
1.0404
1.0305
1.0319
1.0333
1.0347
1.0361
1.0283
1.0297
1.0310
1.0323
1.0336
1.0263
1.0276
1.0288
1.0301
1.0313
1.0235
1.0248
1.0260
1.0272
1.0283
1.0210
1.0222
1.0233
1.0244
1.0256
1.0153
1.0164
1.0174
1.0185
1.0195
70
71
72
73
74
1.0869
1.0874
1.0877
1.0881
1.0884
1.0779
1.0783
1.0786
1.0789
1.0792
1.0732
1.0736
1.0738
1.0741
1.0743
1.0685
1.0687
1.0690
1.0693
1.0694
1.0637
1.0640
1.0642
1.0644
1.0645
1.0590
1.0592
1.0594
1.0595
1.0596
1.0493
1.0495
1.0496
1.0497
1.0498
25
26
27
28
29
1.0419
1.0434
1.0449
1.0463
1.0477
1.0375
1.0388
1.0401
1.0414
1.0427
1.0349
1.0362
1.0374
1.0386
1.0399
1.0326
1.0338
1.0349
1.0361
1.0372
1.0295
1.0307
1.0318
1.0329
1.0340
1.0267
1.0278
1.0289
1.0299
1.0310
1.0205
1.0215
1.0225
1.0234
1.0244
75
76
77
78
79
1.0887
1.0889
1.0891
1.0893
1.0894
1.0794
1.0796
1.0797
1.0798
1.0798
1.0745
1.0746
1.0747
1.0747
1.0747
1.0696
1.0698
1.0699
1.0700
1.0700
1.0647
1.0648
1.0648
1.0648
1.0648
1.0597
1.0598
1.0598
1.0598
1.0597
1.0499
1.0499
1.0499
1.0498
1.0497
30
31
32
33
34
1.0491
1.0505
1.0519
1.0532
1.0545
1.0440
1.0453
1.0465
1.0477
1.0489
1.0411
1.0423
1.0435
1.0446
1.0458
1.0384
1.0395
1.0406
1.0417
1.0428
1.0350
1.0361
1.0372
1.0382
1.0392
1.0320
1.0330
1.0341
1.0351
1.0361
1.0253
1.0262
1.0272
1.0281
1.0289
80
81
82
83
84
1.0895
1.0895
1.0895
1.0895
1.0893
1.0798
1.0797
1.0796
1.0795
1.0793
1.0747
1.0745
1.0743
1.0741
1.0738
1.0700
1.0699
1.0698
1.0696
1.0693
1.0647
1.0646
1.0644
1.0642
1.0638
1.0596
1.0594
1.0592
1.0589
1.0585
1.0495
1.0493
1.0490
1.0487
1.0483
35
36
37
38
39
1.0558
1.0571
1.0584
1.0596
1.0608
1.0501
1.0513
1.0524
1.0535
1.0546
1.0469
1.0480
1.0491
1.0501
1.0512
1.0438
1.0449
1.0459
1.0469
1.0479
1.0402
1.0412
1.0422
1.0432
1.0441
1.0371
1.0380
1.0390
1.0399
1.0408
1.0298
1.0306
1.0314
1.0322
1.0330
85
86
87
88
89
1.0891
1.0887
1.0883
1.0877
1.0872
1.0790
1.0787
1.0783
1.0778
1.0773
1.0735
1.0731
1.0726
1.0721
1.0715
1.0689
1.0685
1.0680
1.0675
1.0668
1.0635
1.0630
1.0626
1.0620
1.0613
1.0582
1.0576
1.0571
1.0564
1.0557
1.0479
1.0473
1.0467
1.0460
1.0453
40
41
42
43
44
1.0621
1.0633
1.0644
1.0656
1.0667
1.0557
1.0568
1.0578
1.0588
1.0598
1.0522
1.0532
1.0542
1.0551
1.0561
1.0488
1.0498
1.0507
1.0516
1.0525
1.0450
1.0460
1.0469
1.0477
1.0486
1.0416
1.0425
1.0433
1.0441
1.0449
1.0338
1.0346
1.0353
1.0361
1.0368
90
91
92
93
94
1.0865
1.0857
1.0848
1.0838
1.0826
1.0766
1.0758
1.0749
1.0739
1.0727
1.0708
1.0700
1.0690
1.0680
1.0667
1.0661
1.0652
1.0643
1.0632
1.0619
1.0605
1.0597
1.0587
1.0577
1.0564
1.0549
1.0541
1.0530
1.0518
1.0506
1.0445
1.0436
1.0426
1.0414
1.0401
45
46
47
48
49
1.0679
1.0689
1.0699
1.0709
1.0720
1.0608
1.0618
1.0627
1.0636
1.0645
1.0570
1.0579
1.0588
1.0597
1.0605
1.0534
1.0542
1.0551
1.0559
1.0567
1.0495
1.0503
1.0511
1.0518
1.0526
1.0456
1.0464
1.0471
1.0479
1.0486
1.0375
1.0382
1.0389
1.0395
1.0402
95
96
97
98
99
1.0813
1.0798
1.0780
1.0759
1.0730
1.0714
1.0652
1.0632
1.0611
1.0590
1.0567
1.0605
1.0588
1.0570
1.0549
1.0524
1.0551
1.0535
1.0516
1.0495
1.0468
1.0491
1.0473
1.0454
1.0431
1.0407
1.0386
1.0368
1.0348
1.0325
1.0299
100
1.0697
1.0545
1.0498
1.0440
1.0380
1.0271
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS InORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS AT 1 ATM
2-107
TABLE 2-57 Methyl Alcohol (CH3OH)*
%
0°C
10°C
20°C
15°C
%
0°C
10°C
20°C
15°C
%
0°C
10°C
20°C
15°C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
0.9981
0.9963
0.9946
0.9930
0.9997
0.9980
0.9962
0.9945
0.9929
15.56°C
0.9990
0.9973
0.9955
0.9938
0.9921
0.9982
0.9965
0.9948
0.9931
0.9914
0.99913
0.99727
0.99543
0.99370
0.99198
35
36
37
38
39
0.9534
0.9520
0.9505
0.9490
0.9475
0.9484
0.9469
0.9453
0.9437
0.9420
15.56°C
0.9456
0.9440
0.9422
0.9405
0.9387
0.9433
0.9416
0.9398
0.9381
0.9363
0.94570
0.94404
0.94237
0.94067
0.93894
70
71
72
73
74
0.8869
0.8847
0.8824
0.8801
0.8778
0.8794
0.8770
0.8747
0.8724
0.8699
15.56°C
0.8748
0.8726
0.8702
0.8678
0.8653
0.8715
0.8690
0.8665
0.8641
0.8616
0.87507
0.87271
0.87033
0.86792
0.86546
5
6
7
8
9
0.9914
0.9899
0.9884
0.9870
0.9856
0.9912
0.9896
0.9881
0.9865
0.9849
0.9904
0.9889
0.9872
0.9857
0.9841
0.9896
0.9880
0.9863
0.9847
0.9831
0.99029
0.98864
0.98701
0.98547
0.98394
40
41
42
43
44
0.9459
0.9443
0.9427
0.9411
0.9395
0.9403
0.9387
0.9370
0.9352
0.9334
0.9369
0.9351
0.9333
0.9315
0.9297
0.9345
0.9327
0.9309
0.9290
0.9272
0.93720
0.93543
0.93365
0.93185
0.93001
75
76
77
78
79
0.8754
0.8729
0.8705
0.8680
0.8657
0.8676
0.8651
0.8626
0.8602
0.8577
0.8629
0.8604
0.8579
0.8554
0.8529
0.8592
0.8567
0.8542
0.8518
0.8494
0.86300
0.86051
0.85801
0.85551
0.85300
10
11
12
13
14
0.9842
0.9829
0.9816
0.9804
0.9792
0.9834
0.9820
0.9805
0.9791
0.9778
0.9826
0.9811
0.9796
0.9781
0.9766
0.9815
0.9799
0.9784
0.9768
0.9754
0.98241
0.98093
0.97945
0.97802
0.97660
45
46
47
48
49
0.9377
0.9360
0.9342
0.9324
0.9306
0.9316
0.9298
0.9279
0.9260
0.9240
0.9279
0.9261
0.9242
0.9223
0.9204
0.9252
0.9234
0.9214
0.9196
0.9176
0.92815
0.92627
0.92436
0.92242
0.92048
80
81
82
83
84
0.8634
0.8610
0.8585
0.8560
0.8535
0.8551
0.8527
0.8501
0.8475
0.8449
0.8503
0.8478
0.8452
0.8426
0.8400
0.8469
0.8446
0.8420
0.8394
0.8366
0.85048
0.84794
0.84536
0.84274
0.84009
15
16
17
18
19
0.9780
0.9769
0.9758
0.9747
0.9736
0.9764
0.9751
0.9739
0.9726
0.9713
0.9752
0.9738
0.9723
0.9709
0.9695
0.9740
0.9725
0.9710
0.9696
0.9681
0.97518
0.97377
0.97237
0.97096
0.96955
50
51
52
53
54
0.9287
0.9269
0.9250
0.9230
0.9211
0.9221
0.9202
0.9182
0.9162
0.9142
0.9185
0.9166
0.9146
0.9126
0.9106
0.9156
0.9135
0.9114
0.9094
0.9073
0.91852
0.91653
0.91451
0.91248
0.91044
85
86
87
88
89
0.8510
0.8483
0.8456
0.8428
0.8400
0.8422
0.8394
0.8367
0.8340
0.8314
0.8374
0.8347
0.8320
0.8294
0.8267
0.8340
0.8314
0.8286
0.8258
0.8230
0.83742
0.83475
0.83207
0.82937
0.82667
20
21
22
23
24
0.9725
0.9714
0.9702
0.9690
0.9678
0.9700
0.9687
0.9673
0.9660
0.9646
0.9680
0.9666
0.9652
0.9638
0.9624
0.9666
0.9651
0.9636
0.9622
0.9607
0.96814
0.96673
0.96533
0.96392
0.96251
55
56
57
58
59
0.9191
0.9172
0.9151
0.9131
0.9111
0.9122
0.9101
0.9080
0.9060
0.9039
0.9086
0.9065
0.9045
0.9024
0.9002
0.9052
0.9032
0.9010
0.8988
0.8968
0.90839
0.90631
0.90421
0.90210
0.89996
90
91
92
93
94
0.8374
0.8347
0.8320
0.8293
0.8266
0.8287
0.8261
0.8234
0.8208
0.8180
0.8239
0.8212
0.8185
0.8157
0.8129
0.8202
0.8174
0.8146
0.8118
0.8090
0.82396
0.82124
0.81849
0.81568
0.81285
25
26
27
28
29
0.9666
0.9654
0.9642
0.9629
0.9616
0.9632
0.9618
0.9604
0.9590
0.9575
0.9609
0.9595
0.9580
0.9565
0.9550
0.9592
0.9576
0.9562
0.9546
0.9531
0.96108
0.95963
0.95817
0.95668
0.95518
60
61
62
63
64
0.9090
0.9068
0.9046
0.9024
0.9002
0.9018
0.8998
0.8977
0.8955
0.8933
0.8980
0.8958
0.8936
0.8913
0.8890
0.8946
0.8924
0.8902
0.8879
0.8856
0.89781
0.89563
0.89341
0.89117
0.88890
95
96
97
98
99
0.8240
0.8212
0.8186
0.8158
0.8130
0.8152
0.8124
0.8096
0.8068
0.8040
0.8101
0.8073
0.8045
0.8016
0.7987
0.8062
0.8034
0.8005
0.7976
0.7948
0.80999
0.80713
0.80428
0.80143
0.79859
30
31
32
33
34
0.9604
0.9590
0.9576
0.9563
0.9549
0.9560
0.9546
0.9531
0.9516
0.9500
0.9535
0.9521
0.9505
0.9489
0.9473
0.9515
0.9499
0.9483
0.9466
0.9450
0.95366
0.95213
0.95056
0.94896
0.94734
65
66
67
68
69
0.8980
0.8958
0.8935
0.8913
0.8891
0.8911
0.8888
0.8865
0.8842
0.8818
0.8867
0.8844
0.8820
0.8797
0.8771
0.8834
0.8811
0.8787
0.8763
0.8738
0.88662
0.88433
0.88203
0.87971
0.87739
100
0.8102
0.8009
0.7959
0.7917
0.79577
∗It should be noted that the values for 100 percent do not agree with some data available elsewhere, e.g., American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1957. Also, see Atack, Handbook of Chemical Data, Reinhold, New York, 1957. Also, see Tables 2-120 and 2-135 for pure methanol and water densities.
2-108
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-58 Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH)*
%
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
35°C
40°C
%
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
35°C
40°C
0
1
2
3
4
0.99973
785
602
426
258
0.99913
725
542
365
195
0.99823
636
453
275
103
0.99708
520
336
157
0.98984
0.99568
379
194
014
0.98839
0.99406
217
031
0.98849
672
0.99225
034
0.98846
663
485
50
51
52
53
54
0.92126
0.91943
723
502
279
0.91776
555
333
110
0.90885
0.91384
160
0.90936
711
485
0.90985
760
534
307
079
0.90580
353
125
0.89896
667
0.90168
0.89940
710
479
248
0.89750
519
288
056
0.88823
5
6
7
8
9
098
0.98946
801
660
524
032
0.98877
729
584
442
0.98938
780
627
478
331
817
656
500
346
193
670
507
347
189
031
501
335
172
009
0.97846
311
142
0.97975
808
641
55
56
57
58
59
055
0.90831
607
381
154
659
433
207
0.89980
752
258
031
0.89803
574
344
0.89850
621
392
162
0.88931
437
206
0.88975
744
512
016
0.88784
552
319
085
589
356
122
0.87888
653
10
11
12
13
14
393
267
145
026
0.97911
304
171
041
0.97914
790
187
047
0.97910
775
643
043
0.97897
753
611
472
0.97875
723
573
424
278
685
527
371
216
063
475
312
150
0.96989
829
60
61
62
63
64
0.89927
698
468
237
006
523
293
062
0.88830
597
113
0.88882
650
417
183
699
466
233
0.87998
763
278
044
0.87809
574
337
0.87851
615
379
142
0.86905
417
180
0.86943
705
466
15
16
17
18
19
800
692
583
473
363
669
552
433
313
191
514
387
259
129
0.96997
334
199
062
0.96923
782
133
0.96990
844
697
547
0.96911
760
607
452
294
670
512
352
189
023
65
66
67
68
69
0.88774
541
308
074
0.87839
364
130
0.87895
660
424
0.87948
713
477
241
004
527
291
054
0.86817
579
100
0.86863
625
387
148
667
429
190
0.85950
710
227
0.85987
747
507
266
20
21
22
23
24
252
139
024
0.96907
787
068
0.96944
818
689
558
864
729
592
453
312
639
495
348
199
048
395
242
087
0.95929
769
134
0.95973
809
643
476
0.95856
687
516
343
168
70
71
72
73
74
602
365
127
0.86888
648
187
0.86949
710
470
229
0.86766
527
287
047
0.85806
340
100
0.85859
618
376
0.85908
667
426
184
0.84941
470
228
0.84986
743
500
025
0.84783
540
297
053
25
26
27
28
29
665
539
406
268
125
424
287
144
0.95996
844
168
020
0.95867
710
548
0.95895
738
576
410
241
607
442
272
098
0.94922
306
133
0.94955
774
590
0.94991
810
625
438
248
75
76
77
78
79
408
168
0.85927
685
442
0.85988
747
505
262
018
564
322
079
0.84835
590
134
0.84891
647
403
158
698
455
211
0.83966
720
257
013
0.83768
523
277
0.83809
564
319
074
0.82827
30
31
32
33
34
0.95977
823
665
502
334
686
524
357
186
011
382
212
038
0.94860
679
067
0.94890
709
525
337
741
557
370
180
0.93986
403
214
021
0.93825
626
055
0.93860
662
461
257
80
81
82
83
84
197
0.84950
702
453
203
0.84772
525
277
028
0.83777
344
096
0.83848
599
348
0.83911
664
415
164
0.82913
473
224
0.82974
724
473
029
0.82780
530
279
027
578
329
079
0.81828
576
35
36
37
38
39
162
0.94986
805
620
431
0.94832
650
464
273
079
494
306
114
0.93919
720
146
0.93952
756
556
353
790
591
390
186
0.92979
425
221
016
0.92808
597
051
0.92843
634
422
208
85
86
87
88
89
0.83951
697
441
181
0.82919
525
271
014
0.82754
492
095
0.82840
583
323
062
660
405
148
0.81888
626
220
0.81965
708
448
186
0.81774
519
262
003
0.80742
322
067
0.80811
552
291
40
41
42
43
44
238
042
0.93842
639
433
0.93882
682
478
271
062
518
314
107
0.92897
685
148
0.92940
729
516
301
770
558
344
128
0.91910
385
170
0.91952
733
513
0.91992
774
554
332
108
90
91
92
93
94
654
386
114
0.81839
561
227
0.81959
688
413
134
0.81797
529
257
0.80983
705
362
094
0.80823
549
272
0.80922
655
384
111
0.79835
478
211
0.79941
669
393
028
0.79761
491
220
0.78947
45
46
47
48
49
226
017
0.92806
593
379
0.92852
640
426
211
0.91995
472
257
041
0.91823
604
085
0.91868
649
429
208
692
472
250
028
0.90805
291
069
0.90845
621
396
0.90884
660
434
207
0.89979
95
96
97
98
99
278
0.80991
698
399
094
0.80852
566
274
0.79975
670
424
138
0.79846
547
243
0.79991
706
415
117
0.78814
555
271
0.78981
684
382
114
0.78831
542
247
0.77946
670
388
100
0.77806
507
100
0.79784
360
0.78934
506
075
641
203
∗For data from −78° to 78°C, see p. 2-142, Table 2N-5, American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957. See Tables 2-115 and 2-135 for pure
ethanol and pure water densities.
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS InORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS AT 1 ATM
2-109
TABLE 2-59 n-Propyl Alcohol (C3H7OH)
%
0°C
15°C
30°C
%
0°C
15°C
30°C
%
0°C
15°C
30°C
%
0°C
15°C
30°C
%
0°C
15°C
30°C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
0.9982
0.9967
0.9952
0.9939
0.9991
0.9974
0.9960
0.9944
0.9929
0.9957
0.9940
0.9924
0.9908
0.9893
20
21
22
23
24
0.9789
0.9776
0.9763
0.9748
0.9733
0.9723
0.9705
0.9688
0.9670
0.9651
0.9643
0.9622
0.9602
0.9583
0.9563
40
41
42
43
44
0.9430
0.9411
0.9391
0.9371
0.9352
0.9331
0.9310
0.9290
0.9269
0.9248
0.9226
0.9205
0.9184
0.9164
0.9143
60
61
62
63
64
0.9033
0.9013
0.8994
0.8974
0.8954
0.8922
0.8902
0.8882
0.8861
0.8841
0.8807
0.8786
0.8766
0.8745
0.8724
80
81
82
83
84
0.8634
0.8614
0.8594
0.8574
0.8554
0.8516
0.8496
0.8475
0.8454
0.8434
0.8394
0.8373
0.8352
0.8332
0.8311
5
6
7
8
9
0.9926
0.9914
0.9904
0.9894
0.9883
0.9915
0.9902
0.9890
0.9877
0.9864
0.9877
0.9862
0.9848
0.9834
0.9819
25
26
27
28
29
0.9717
0.9700
0.9682
0.9664
0.9646
0.9633
0.9614
0.9594
0.9576
0.9556
0.9543
0.9522
0.9501
0.9481
0.9460
45
46
47
48
49
0.9332
0.9311
0.9291
0.9272
0.9252
0.9228
0.9207
0.9186
0.9165
0.9145
0.9122
0.9100
0.9079
0.9057
0.9036
65
66
67
68
69
0.8934
0.8913
0.8894
0.8874
0.8854
0.8820
0.8800
0.8779
0.8759
0.8739
0.8703
0.8682
0.8662
0.8641
0.8620
85
86
87
88
89
0.8534
0.8513
0.8492
0.8471
0.8450
0.8413
0.8393
0.8372
0.8351
0.8330
0.8290
0.8269
0.8248
0.8227
0.8206
10
11
12
13
14
0.9874
0.9865
0.9857
0.9849
0.9841
0.9852
0.9840
0.9828
0.9817
0.9806
0.9804
0.9790
0.9775
0.9760
0.9746
30
31
32
33
34
0.9627
0.9608
0.9589
0.9570
0.9550
0.9535
0.9516
0.9495
0.9474
0.9454
0.9439
0.9418
0.9396
0.9375
0.9354
50
51
52
53
54
0.9232
0.9213
0.9192
0.9173
0.9153
0.9124
0.9104
0.9084
0.9064
0.9044
0.9015
0.8994
0.8973
0.8952
0.8931
70
71
72
73
74
0.8835
0.8815
0.8795
0.8776
0.8756
0.8719
0.8700
0.8680
0.8659
0.8639
0.8600
0.8580
0.8559
0.8539
0.8518
90
91
92
93
94
0.8429
0.8408
0.8387
0.8364
0.8342
0.8308
0.8287
0.8266
0.8244
0.8221
0.8185
0.8164
0.8142
0.8120
0.8098
15
16
17
18
19
0.9833
0.9825
0.9817
0.9808
0.9800
0.9793
0.9780
0.9768
0.9752
0.9739
0.9730
0.9714
0.9698
0.9680
0.9661
35
36
37
38
39
0.9530
0.9511
0.9491
0.9471
0.9450
0.9434
0.9413
0.9392
0.9372
0.9351
0.9333
0.9312
0.9289
0.9269
0.9247
55
56
57
58
59
0.9132
0.9112
0.9093
0.9073
0.9053
0.9023
0.9003
0.8983
0.8963
0.8942
0.8911
0.8890
0.8869
0.8849
0.8828
75
76
77
78
79
0.8736
0.8716
0.8695
0.8675
0.8655
0.8618
0.8598
0.8577
0.8556
0.8536
0.8497
0.8477
0.8456
0.8435
0.8414
95
96
97
98
99
0.8320
0.8296
0.8272
0.8248
0.8222
0.8199
0.8176
0.8153
0.8128
0.8104
0.8077
0.8054
0.8031
0.8008
0.7984
100
0.8194
0.8077
0.7958
TABLE 2-60 Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H7OH)
%
0°C
15°C∗
15°C∗
20°C
30°C
%
0°C
15°C∗
20°C
30°C
%
0°C
15°C∗
15°C∗
20°C
30°C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
0.9980
0.9962
0.9946
0.9930
0.9991
0.9973
0.9956
0.9938
0.9922
0.99913
0.9972
0.9954
0.9936
0.9920
0.9982
0.9962
0.9944
0.9926
0.9909
0.9957
0.9939
0.9921
0.9904
0.9887
35
36
37
38
39
0.9557
0.9536
0.9514
0.9493
0.9472
15°C∗
0.9446
0.9424
0.9401
0.9379
0.9356
0.9419
0.9399
0.9377
0.9355
0.9333
0.9338
0.9315
0.9292
0.9269
0.9246
70
71
72
73
74
0.8761
0.8738
0.8714
0.8691
0.8668
0.8639
0.8615
0.8592
0.8568
0.8545
0.86346
0.8611
0.8588
0.8564
0.8541
0.8584
0.8560
0.8537
0.8513
0.8489
0.8511
0.8487
0.8464
0.8440
0.8416
5
6
7
8
9
0.9916
0.9902
0.9890
0.9878
0.9866
0.9906
0.9892
0.9878
0.9864
0.9851
0.9904
0.9890
0.9875
0.9862
0.9849
0.9893
0.9877
0.9862
0.9847
0.9833
0.9871
0.9855
0.9839
0.9824
0.9809
40
41
42
43
44
0.9450
0.9428
0.9406
0.9384
0.9361
0.93333
0.9311
0.9288
0.9266
0.9243
0.9310
0.9287
0.9264
0.9239
0.9215
0.9224
0.9201
0.9177
0.9154
0.9130
75
76
77
78
79
0.8644
0.8621
0.8598
0.8575
0.8551
0.8521
0.8497
0.8474
0.8450
0.8426
0.8517
0.8493
0.8470
0.8446
0.8422
0.8464
0.8439
0.8415
0.8391
0.8366
0.8392
0.8368
0.8344
0.8321
0.8297
10
11
12
13
14
0.9856
0.9846
0.9838
0.9829
0.9821
0.9838
0.9826
0.9813
0.9802
0.9790
0.98362
0.9824
0.9812
0.9800
0.9788
0.9820
0.9808
0.9797
0.9876
0.9776
0.9794
0.9778
0.9764
0.9750
0.9735
45
46
47
48
49
0.9338
0.9315
0.9292
0.9270
0.9247
0.9220
0.9197
0.9174
0.9150
0.9127
0.9191
0.9165
0.9141
0.9117
0.9093
0.9106
0.9082
0.9059
0.9036
0.9013
80
81
82
83
84
0.8528
0.8503
0.8479
0.8456
0.8432
0.8403
0.8379
0.8355
0.8331
0.8307
0.83979
0.8374
0.8350
0.8326
0.8302
0.8342
0.8317
0.8292
0.8268
0.8243
0.8273
0.8248
0.8224
0.8200
0.8175
15
16
17
18
19
0.9814
0.9806
0.9799
0.9792
0.9784
0.9779
0.9768
0.9756
0.9745
0.9730
0.9777
0.9765
0.9753
0.9741
0.9728
0.9765
0.9754
0.9743
0.9731
0.9717
0.9720
0.9705
0.9690
0.9675
0.9658
50
51
52
53
54
0.9224
0.9201
0.9178
0.9155
0.9132
0.91043
0.9081
0.9058
0.9035
0.9011
0.9069
0.9044
0.9020
0.8996
0.8971
0.8990
0.8966
0.8943
0.8919
0.8895
85
86
87
88
89
0.8408
0.8384
0.8360
0.8336
0.8311
0.8282
0.8259
0.8234
0.8209
0.8184
0.8278
0.8254
0.8229
0.8205
0.8180
0.8219
0.8194
0.8169
0.8145
0.8120
0.8151
0.8127
0.8201
0.8078
0.8053
20
21
22
23
24
0.9777
0.9768
0.9759
0.9749
0.9739
0.9719
0.9704
0.9690
0.9675
0.9660
0.97158
0.9703
0.9689
0.9674
0.9659
0.9703
0.9688
0.9669
0.9651
0.9634
0.9642
0.9624
0.9606
0.9587
0.9569
55
56
57
58
59
0.9109
0.9086
0.9063
0.9040
0.9017
0.8988
0.8964
0.8940
0.8917
0.8893
0.8946
0.8921
0.8896
0.8874
0.8850
0.8871
0.8847
0.8823
0.8800
0.8777
90
91
92
93
94
0.8287
0.8262
0.8237
0.8212
0.8186
0.8161
0.8136
0.8110
0.8085
0.8060
0.81553
0.8130
0.8104
0.8079
0.8052
0.8096
0.8072
0.8047
0.8023
0.7998
0.8029
0.8004
0.7979
0.7954
0.7929
25
26
27
28
29
0.9727
0.9714
0.9699
0.9684
0.9669
0.9643
0.9626
0.9608
0.9590
0.9570
0.9642
0.9624
0.9605
0.9586
0.9568
0.9615
0.9597
0.9577
0.9558
0.9540
0.9549
0.9529
0.9509
0.9488
0.9467
60
61
62
63
64
0.8994
0.8970
0.8947
0.8924
0.8901
0.8829
0.8805
0.8781
0.88690
0.8845
0.8821
0.8798
0.8775
0.8825
0.8800
0.8776
0.8751
0.8727
0.8752
0.8728
0.8704
0.8680
0.8656
95
96
97
98
99
0.8160
0.8133
0.8106
0.8078
0.8048
0.8034
0.8008
0.7981
0.7954
0.7926
0.8026
0.7999
0.7972
0.7945
0.7918
0.7973
0.7949
0.7925
0.7901
0.7877
0.7904
0.7878
0.7852
0.7826
0.7799
30
31
32
33
34
0.9652
0.9634
0.9615
0.9596
0.9577
0.9551
0.95493
0.9530
0.9510
0.9489
0.9468
0.9520
0.9500
0.9481
0.9460
0.9440
0.9446
0.9426
0.9405
0.9383
0.9361
65
66
67
68
69
0.8878
0.8854
0.8831
0.8807
0.8784
0.8757
0.8733
0.8710
0.8686
0.8662
0.8752
0.8728
0.8705
0.8682
0.8658
0.8702
0.8679
0.8656
0.8632
0.8609
0.8631
0.8607
0.8583
0.8559
0.8535
100
0.8016
0.7896
0.78913
0.7854
0.7770
∗Two different observers; see International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 120.
2-110
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-61 Glycerol*
Density
Density
Density
Glycerol,
%
15°C
15.5°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
Glycerol,
%
15°C
15.5°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
Glycerol,
%
15°C
15.5°C
20°C
25°C
30°C
100
99
98
97
96
1.26415
1.26160
1.25900
1.25645
1.25385
1.26381
1.26125
1.25865
1.25610
1.25350
1.26108
1.25850
1.25590
1.25335
1.25080
1.15802
1.25545
1.25290
1.25030
1.24770
1.25495
1.25235
1.24975
1.24710
1.24450
65
64
63
62
61
1.17030
1.16755
1.16480
1.16200
1.15925
1.17000
1.16725
1.16445
1.16170
1.15895
1.16750
1.16475
1.16205
1.15930
1.15655
1.16475
1.16200
1.15925
1.15655
1.15380
1.16195
1.15925
1.15650
1.15375
1.15100
30
29
28
27
26
1.07455
1.07195
1.06935
1.06670
1.06410
1.07435
1.07175
1.06915
1.06655
1.06390
1.07270
1.07010
1.06755
1.06495
1.06240
1.07070
1.06815
1.06560
1.06305
1.06055
1.06855
1.06605
1.06355
1.06105
1.05855
95
94
93
92
91
1.25130
1.24865
1.24600
1.24340
1.24075
1.25095
1.24830
1.24565
1.24305
1.24040
1.24825
1.24560
1.24300
1.24035
1.23770
1.24515
1.24250
1.23985
1.23725
1.23460
1.24190
1.23930
1.23670
1.23410
1.23150
60
59
58
57
56
1.15650
1.15370
1.15095
1.14815
1.14535
1.15615
1.15340
1.15065
1.14785
1.14510
1.15380
1.15105
1.14830
1.14555
1.14280
1.15105
1.14835
1.14560
1.14285
1.14015
1.14830
1.14555
1.14285
1.14010
1.13740
25
24
23
22
21
1.06150
1.05885
1.05625
1.05365
1.05100
1.06130
1.05870
1.05610
1.05350
1.05090
1.05980
1.05720
1.05465
1.05205
1.04950
1.05800
1.05545
1.05290
1.05035
1.04780
1.05605
1.05350
1.05100
1.04850
1.04600
90
89
88
87
86
1.23810
1.23545
1.23280
1.23015
1.22750
1.23775
1.23510
1.23245
1.22980
1.22710
1.23510
1.23245
1.22975
1.22710
1.22445
1.23200
1.22935
1.22665
1.22400
1.22135
1.22890
1.22625
1.22360
1.22095
1.21830
55
54
53
52
51
1.14260
1.13980
1.13705
1.13425
1.13150
1.14230
1.13955
1.13680
1.13400
1.13125
1.14005
1.13730
1.13455
1.13180
1.12905
1.13740
1.13465
1.13195
1.12920
1.12650
1.13470
1.13195
1.12925
1.12650
1.12380
20
19
18
17
16
1.04840
1.04590
1.04335
1.04085
1.03835
1.04825
1.04575
1.04325
1.04075
1.03825
1.04690
1.04440
1.04195
1.03945
1.03695
1.04525
1.04280
1.04035
1.03790
1.03545
1.04350
1.04105
1.03860
1.03615
1.03370
85
84
83
82
81
1.22485
1.22220
1.21955
1.21690
1.21425
1.22445
1.22180
1.21915
1.21650
1.21385
1.22180
1.21915
1.21650
1.21380
1.21115
1.21870
1.21605
1.21340
1.21075
1.20810
1.21565
1.21300
1.21035
1.20770
1.20505
50
49
48
47
46
1.12870
1.12600
1.12325
1.12055
1.11780
1.12845
1.12575
1.12305
1.12030
1.11760
1.12630
1.12360
1.12090
1.11820
1.11550
1.12375
1.12110
1.11840
1.11575
1.11310
1.12110
1.11845
1.11580
1.11320
1.11055
15
14
13
12
11
1.03580
1.03330
1.03080
1.02830
1.02575
1.03570
1.03320
1.03070
1.02820
1.02565
1.03450
1.03200
1.02955
1.02705
1.02455
1.03300
1.03055
1.02805
1.02560
1.02315
1.03130
1.02885
1.02640
1.02395
1.02150
80
79
78
77
76
1.21160
1.20885
1.20610
1.20335
1.20060
1.21120
1.20845
1.20570
1.20300
1.20025
1.20850
1.20575
1.20305
1.20030
1.19760
1.20545
1.20275
1.20005
1.19735
1.19465
1.20240
1.19970
1.19705
1.19435
1.19170
45
44
43
42
41
1.11510
1.11235
1.10960
1.10690
1.10415
1.11490
1.11215
1.10945
1.10670
1.10400
1.11280
1.11010
1.10740
1.10470
1.10200
1.11040
1.10775
1.10510
1.10240
1.09975
1.10795
1.10530
1.10265
1.10005
1.09740
10
9
8
7
6
1.02325
1.02085
1.01840
1.01600
1.01360
1.02315
1.02075
1.01835
1.01590
1.01350
1.02210
1.01970
1.01730
1.01495
1.01255
1.02070
1.01835
1.01600
1.01360
1.01125
1.01905
1.01670
1.01440
1.01205
1.00970
75
74
73
72
71
1.19785
1.19510
1.19235
1.18965
1.18690
1.19750
1.19480
1.19205
1.18930
1.18655
1.19485
1.19215
1.18940
1.18670
1.18395
1.19195
1.18925
1.18650
1.18380
1.18110
1.18900
1.18635
1.18365
1.18100
1.17830
40
39
38
37
36
1.10145
1.09875
1.09605
1.09340
1.09070
1.10130
1.09860
1.09590
1.09320
1.09050
1.09930
1.09665
1.09400
1.09135
1.08865
1.09710
1.09445
1.09180
1.08915
1.08655
1.09475
1.09215
1.08955
1.08690
1.08430
5
4
3
2
1
1.01120
1.00875
1.00635
1.00395
1.00155
1.01110
1.00870
1.00630
1.00385
1.00145
1.01015
1.00780
1.00540
1.00300
1.00060
1.00890
1.00655
1.00415
1.00180
0.99945
1.00735
1.00505
1.00270
1.00035
0.99800
70
69
68
67
66
1.18415
1.18135
1.17860
1.17585
1.17305
1.18385
1.18105
1.17830
1.17555
1.17275
1.18125
1.17850
1.17575
1.17300
1.17025
1.17840
1.17565
1.17295
1.17020
1.16745
1.17565
1.17290
1.17020
1.16745
1.16470
35
34
33
32
31
1.08800
1.08530
1.08265
1.07995
1.07725
1.08780
1.08515
1.08245
1.07975
1.07705
1.08600
1.08335
1.08070
1.07800
1.07535
1.08390
1.08125
1.07860
1.07600
1.07335
1.08165
1.07905
1.07645
1.07380
1.07120
0
0.99913 0.99905 0.99823 0.99708 0.99568
∗Bosart and Snoddy, Ind. Eng. Chem., 20, (1928): 1378.
TABLE 2-62 Hydrazine (n2H4)*
%
d 415
%
d 415
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
1.0002
1.0013
1.0034
1.0077
1.0121
1.0164
1.0207
1.0248
1.0286
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1.0305
1.038
1.044
1.047
1.046
1.040
1.030
1.011
∗International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 55.
DEnSITIES OF AQUEOUS InORGAnIC SOLUTIOnS AT 1 ATM
2-111
TABLE 2-63 Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous Organic Compounds*
d, dw, and ds are the density of the solution, pure water, and pure liquid solute, respectively, all in g/mL. ps is the wt % solute. 0.03255 means 2.55 × 10−4.
Section A
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Formula
C2H4O
C2H5NO
Acetone
C3H6O
Acetonitrile
Allyl alcohol
Benzenepentacarboxylic acid
Butyl alcohol (n-)
C2H3N
C3H6O
C11H6O10
C4H10O
Butyric acid (n-)
C4H8O2
Chloral hydrate
C2H3Cl3O2
Chloroacetic acid
C2H3ClO2
Citric acid (hydrate)
C6H3O7 + H2O
Dichloroacetic acid
C2H2Cl2O2
Diethylamine hydrochloride
Ethylamine hydrochloride
C4H12ClN
C2H8ClN
Ethylene glycol
C2H6O2
Ethyl ether
C4H10O
tartrate
Formaldehyde
Formamide
C8H14O6
CH2O
CH3NO
Furfural
C5H4O2
Isoamyl alcohol
C5H12O
Isobutyl alcohol
C4H10O
Isobutyric acid
C4H8O2
Isovaleric acid
Lactic acid
Maleic acid
C5H10O2
C3H6O
C4H4O4
Malic acid
C4H6O5
Malonic acid
Methyl acetate
C3H4O4
C3H6O2
glucoside (α-)
Nicotine
Nitrophenol (p-)
Oxalic acid
C7H14O6
C10H14N2
C6H5NO3
C2H2O4
Phenol
C6H6O
Phenylglycolic acid
Picoline (α-)
(β-)
C8H8O3
C6H7N
C6H7N
Propionic acid
C3H6O2
Pyridine
Resorcinol
Succinic acid
C5H5N
C6H6O2
C4H6O4
Tartaric acid (d, l, or dl)
C4H6O6
∗From International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 111–114.
d = d w + Aps + Bp s2 + Cps3
t, °C
Range, ps
A
B
18
15
0
4
15
20
25
15
0
25
20
 18

 25
 0
 15
 30
 20

 25
18
 20

 25
21
21
 0

15
 20

 25
15
15
25
 20

 25
20
 15

 20
 15
 18
 25
25
25
25
 20

 25
20
20
 0

 30
20
15
0
15
17.5
20
25
 15

 80
25
25
25
 18

 25
25
18
25
15
17.5
20
30
40
50
60
0–30
0–6
0–100
0–100
0–100
0–100
0–100
0–16
0–89
0–0.6
0–7.9
0–10
0–62
0–70
0–78
0–90
0–32
0–86
0–50
0–30
0–97
0–36
0–65
0–100
0–6
0–5
0–4.5
0–95
0–40
22–96
0–8
0–8
0–2.5
0–8
0–8
0–9
0–9
0–12
0–5
0–9
0–40
0–40
0–40
0–40
0–20
26–51
26–51
0–60
0–1.5
0–4
0–4
0–9
0–4
0–4
0–5
0–65
0–11
0–70
0–60
0–10
0–40
0–60
0–52
0–5.5
0–15
0–50
0–50
0–50
0–50
0–50
0–50
+0.03255
+0.03639
−0.03856
−0.027648
−0.021009
−0.021233
−0.021171
−0.021175
−0.033729
+0.025615
−0.021651
+0.03414
+0.035135
+0.024489
+0.024455
+0.024401
+0.023648
+0.023602
+0.023824
+0.024427
+0.024427
+0.0334
+0.021193
+0.021483
+0.02133
−0.02221
−0.02221
+0.022367
+0.022518
+0.021217
+0.021827
+0.021664
+0.02155
−0.02146
−0.02169
+0.0352
+0.0345
+0.0337
+0.03253
+0.02231
+0.0234
+0.023933
+0.023736
+0.02389
+0.0340
+0.023336
+0.023151
+0.03642
+0.023216
+0.025898
+0.02494
+0.02494
+0.025264
+0.025108
+0.02111
+0.03462
+0.02207
−0.04386
−0.04683
+0.0395
+0.039245
+0.03229
+0.02201
+0.02304
+0.024482
+0.024455
+0.024432
+0.024335
+0.024265
+0.024205
+0.024155
−0.0516
+0.04171
−0.05449
−0.041193
−0.059682
−0.053529
−0.05904
−0.042024
−0.041232
−0.02117
+0.04285
+0.04131
−0.04166
+0.042802
+0.042198
+0.041887
+0.05302
+0.05552
+0.041141
+0.05537
+0.05537
+0.0676
−0.05307
+0.052992
−0.05108
+0.0448
+0.0435
+0.05358
−0.05658
+0.053199
+0.05366
+0.0421
+0.043
+0.056
+0.0438









−0.04282
+0.05186
+0.0575
+0.05957
+0.04175
+0.041066
−0.0574
+0.05996
+0.05975
+0.05454
−0.0455
−0.033185
−0.058
−0.058
−0.031996
−0.031607
−0.04283
−0.0686
+0.0423
−0.051405
−0.0513
−0.04172
−0.0599
−0.05204
+0.05519
C
−0.07588
+0.08272
−0.08624
−0.075327
−0.0856
+0.072984
+0.0611
−0.071291
+0.074366
+0.076549
+0.0722
+0.0717
+0.077534
+0.077534
−0.0747
−0.075248
−0.076005
+0.06542
−0.072529
+0.01544
+0.08978
−0.07687
+0.0441
+0.04254
+0.04208
−0.074167
+0.07361
−0.0828
−0.0819
+0.04185
+0.04185
+0.041837
+0.04185
+0.04185
+0.04185
+0.04185
(Continued )
2-112
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-63 Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous Organic Compounds (Continued )
d = d w + Aps + Bp s2 + Cps3 (Cont.)
Section A
Name
t, °C
Formula
Tetraethyl ammonium chloride
Thiourea
C8H20ClN
CH4N2S
Trichloroacetic acid
C2HCl3O2
Triethylamine hydrochloride
C6H16ClN
Trimethyl carbinol
C4H10O
Urea
CH4N2O
Urethane
Valeric acid (n-)
C3H7NO2
C5H10O2
Section B
Name
Formula
Butyl alcohol (n-)
Butyric acid (n-)
Ethyl ether
C4H10O
C4H8O2
C4H10O
Isobutyl alcohol
C4H10O
Isobutyric acid
Nicotine
Picoline (α-)
(β-)
Pyridine
Trimethyl carbinol
C4H8O2
C10H14N2
C6H7N
C6H7N
C5H5N
C4H10O
ds
0.8097
0.9534
0.7077
 0.8170

 0.8055
0.9425
1.0093
0.9404
0.9515
0.9776
0.7856
Section C
Name
Formula
Allyl alcohol
Butyl alcohol (n-)
C3H6O
C4H10O
Chloral hydrate
C2H3Cl3O2
Ethyl tartrate
C7H14O6
Furfural
C5H4O2
Pyridine
C5H5N
Range, ps
21
15
 12.5
 20
 25
21
 20

 25
14.8
 18
 20
 25
20
25
ps
76.60
80.95
 2.00

10.00
 5.00
10.00
25.00
 4.62
 5.69
 6.56
9.34
21.20
29.50
40.40
0–63
0–7
0–61
10–30
0–94
0–54
0–100
0–100
0–12
0–51
0–35
0–10
0–56
0–3
A
B
C
+0.031884
+0.022995
+0.02499
+0.025053
+0.025051
+0.046
−0.02117
−0.021286
+0.023213
+0.022718
+0.022702
+0.022728
+0.021278
+0.0334
+0.056
+0.05374
+0.04153
+0.041387
+0.056119
+0.05558
−0.041908
−0.04176
−0.044802
+0.051552
+0.053712
−0.041817
−0.05245
−0.0427
+0.07122
+0.061038
−0.0869
+0.07957
+0.07887
+0.051216
+0.072573
−0.072285
+0.051379
−0.073437
d = ds + Apw + Bp w2 + Cp w3
t, °C
Range, pw
A
B
20
25
25
0
15
26
20
25
25
25
20
0–20
0–38
0–1.1
0–14
0–16
0–80
0–40
0–30
0–40
0–40
0–20
+0.022103
+0.021854
+0.0234
+0.022437
+0.02224
+0.021808
+0.02199
+0.022715
+0.021925
+0.021157
+0.022287
−0.04113
−0.042314
+0.0336
−0.04285
−0.04129
−0.042358
−0.04331
−0.04393
−0.04352
−0.05536
+0.05275
C
+0.061253
+0.07315
+0.0625
−0.062
dt = do + At + Bt2
do
Range, °C
A
B
0.9122
0.8614
1.0094
1.0476
1.0150
1.0270
1.0665
1.0125
1.0140
1.0155
1.0055
1.0115
1.0145
1.0182
0–45
0–43
7–80
7–80
15–80
15–80
15–80
22–74
22–74
22–74
11–73
14–73
12–72
9–74
−0.038
−0.037292
−0.042597
−0.047955
−0.032103
−0.032116
−0.03401
−0.03232
−0.03221
−0.03211
−0.03171
−0.03378
−0.03463
−0.03605
−0.0527
−0.0675
−0.054313
−0.054253
−0.052544
−0.062929
−0.0523
−0.05254
−0.05268
−0.05290
−0.053615
−0.05248
−0.05235
−0.05167
DEnSITIES OF MISCELLAnEOUS MATERIALS
2-113
DEnSITIES OF MISCELLAnEOUS MATERIALS
TABLE 2-64 Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids*
Water at 4°C and normal atmospheric pressure taken as unity. For more detailed data on any material, see the section dealing with the properties of that material.
Substance
Metals, Alloys, Ores
Aluminum, cast-hammered
bronze
Brass, cast-rolled
Bronze, 7.9 to 14% Sn
phosphor
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft 3
Substance
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft 3
Timber, Air-dry
Apple
Ash, black
white
Birch, sweet, yellow
Cedar, white, red
0.66–0.74
0.55
0.64–0.71
0.71–0.72
0.35
44
34
42
44
22
2.55–2.80
7.7
8.4–8.7
7.4–8.9
8.88
165
481
534
509
554
Copper, cast-rolled
ore, pyrites
German silver
Gold, cast-hammered
coin (U.S.)
8.8–8.95
4.1–4.3
8.58
19.25–19.35
17.18–17.2
556
262
536
1205
1073
Cherry, wild red
Chestnut
Cypress
Elm, white
Fir, Douglas
0.43
0.48
0.45–0.48
0.56
0.48–0.55
27
30
29
35
32
Iridium
Iron, gray cast
cast, pig
wrought
spiegeleisen
21.78–22.42
7.03–7.13
7.2
7.6–7.9
7.5
1383
442
450
485
468
balsam
Hemlock
Hickory
Locust
Mahogany
0.40
0.45–0.50
0.74–0.80
0.67–0.77
0.56–0.85
25
29
48
45
44
ferro-silicon
ore, hematite
ore, limonite
ore, magnetite
slag
6.7–7.3
5.2
3.6–4.0
4.9–5.2
2.5–3.0
437
325
237
315
172
Maple, sugar
white
Oak, chestnut
live
red, black
0.68
0.53
0.74
0.87
0.64–0.71
43
33
46
54
42
Lead
ore, galena
Manganese
ore, pyrolusite
Mercury
11.34
7.3–7.6
7.42
3.7–4.6
13.6
710
465
475
259
849
8.97
8.9
21.5
10.4–10.6
7.83
7.80
7.70–7.73
7.2–7.5
6.4–7.0
19.22
555
537
1330
656
489
487
481
459
418
1200
white
Pine, Norway
Oregon
red
Southern
white
0.77
0.55
0.51
0.48
0.61–0.67
0.43
48
34
32
30
38–42
27
Poplar
Redwood, California
Spruce, white, red
Teak, African
Indian
Walnut, black
Willow
0.43
0.42
0.45
0.99
0.66–0.88
0.59
0.42–0.50
27
26
28
62
48
37
28
6.9–7.2
3.9–4.2
440
253
Various Solids
Cereals, oats, bulk
barley, bulk
corn, rye, bulk
wheat, bulk
Cork
0.51
0.62
0.73
0.77
0.22–0.26
26
39
45
48
15
Various Liquids
Alcohol, ethyl (100%)
methyl (100%)
Acid, muriatic, 40%
nitric, 91%
sulfuric, 87%
0.789
0.796
1.20
1.50
1.80
49
50
75
94
112
Cotton, flax, hemp
Fats
Flour, loose
pressed
Glass, common
1.47–1.50
0.90–0.97
0.40–0.50
0.70–0.80
2.40–2.80
93
58
28
47
162
Chloroform
Ether
Lye, soda, 66%
Oils, vegetable
mineral, lubricants
1.500
0.736
1.70
0.91–0.94
0.88–0.94
95
46
106
58
57
plate or crown
crystal
dint
Hay and straw, bales
Leather
2.45–2.72
2.90–3.00
3.2–4.7
0.32
0.86–1.02
161
184
247
20
59
0.861–0.867
1.0
0.9584
0.88–0.92
0.125
54
62.428
59.830
56
8
1.02–1.03
64
Paper
Potatoes, piled
Rubber, caoutchouc
goods
Salt, granulated, piled
0.70–1.15
0.67
0.92–0.96
1.0–2.0
0.77
58
44
59
94
48
Ashlar Masonry
Bluestone
Granite, syenite, gneiss
Limestone
Marble
Sandstone
2.3–2.6
2.4–2.7
2.1–2.8
2.4–2.8
2.0–2.6
153
159
153
162
143
Saltpeter
Starch
Sulfur
Wool
1.07
1.53
1.93–2.07
1.32
67
96
125
82
Rubble Masonry
Bluestone
Granite, syenite, gneiss
Limestone
Marble
Sandstone
2.2–2.5
2.3–2.6
2.0–2.7
2.3–2.7
1.9–2.5
147
153
147
156
137
Monel metal, rolled
Nickel
Platinum, cast-hammered
Silver, cast-hammered
Steel, cold-drawn
machine
tool
Tin, cast-hammered
cassiterite
Tungsten
Zinc, cast-rolled
blende
Turpentine
Water, 4°C max. density
100°C
ice
snow, fresh fallen
sea water
∗From Marks’ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft 3
Dry Rubble Masonry
Granite, syenite, gneiss
Limestone, marble
Sandstone, bluestone
1.9–2.3
1.9–2.1
1.8–1.9
130
125
110
Brick Masonry
Hard brick
Medium brick
Soft brick
Sand-lime brick
1.8–2.3
1.6–2.0
1.4–1.9
1.4–2.2
128
112
103
112
Concrete Masonry
Cement, stone, sand
slag, etc.
cinder, etc.
2.2–2.4
1.9–2.3
1.5–1.7
144
130
100
0.64–0.72
1.5
0.85–1.00
1.4–1.9
2.08–2.25
40–45
94
53–64
103
94–135
Portland cement
Slags, bank slag
bank screenings
machine slag
slag sand
3.1–3.2
1.1–1.2
1.5–1.9
1.5
0.8–0.9
196
67–72
98–117
96
49–55
Earth, etc., Excavated
Clay, dry
damp plastic
and gravel, dry
Earth, dry, loose
dry, packed
moist, loose
moist, packed
mud, flowing
mud, packed
Riprap, limestone
1.0
1.76
1.6
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.3–1.4
63
110
100
76
95
78
96
108
115
80–85
1.4
1.7
1.4–1.7
1.6–1.9
1.89–2.16
90
105
90–105
100–120
126
1.28
1.44
0.96
1.00
1.12
1.00
80
90
60
65
70
65
Minerals
Asbestos
Barytes
Basait
Bauxite
Bluestone
2.1–2.8
4.50
2.7–3.2
2.55
2.5–2.6
153
281
184
159
159
Borax
Chalk
Clay, marl
Dolomite
Feldspar, orthoclase
1.7–1.8
1.8–2.8
1.8–2.6
2.9
2.5–2.7
109
143
137
181
162
Gneiss
Granite
Greenstone, trap
Gypsum, alabaster
Hornblende
Limestone
Marble
Magnesite
Phosphate rock, apatite
Porphyry
2.7–2.9
2.6–2.7
2.8–3.2
2.3–2.8
3.0
2.1–2.86
2.6–2.86
3.0
3.2
2.6–2.9
175
165
187
159
187
155
170
187
200
172
Substance
Various Building Materials
Ashes, cinders
Cement, Portland, loose
Lime, gypsum, loose
Mortar, lime, set
Portland cement
Riprap, sandstone
Riprap, shale
Sand, gravel, dry, loose
gravel, dry, packed
gravel, wet
Excavations in Water
Clay
River mud
Sand or gravel
and clay
Soil
Stone riprap
(Continued )
2-114
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-64 Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids (Continued )
Water at 4°C and normal atmospheric pressure taken as unity. For more detailed data on any material, see the section dealing with the properties of that material.
Substance
Aver.
density
lb/ft3
Substance
0.37–0.90
2.5–2.8
2.0–2.6
2.7–2.8
2.6–2.9
40
165
143
171
172
Bituminous Substances
Asphaltum
Coal, anthracite
bituminous
lignite
peat, turf, dry
1.1–1.5
1.4–1.8
1.2–1.5
1.1–1.4
0.65–0.85
81
97
84
78
47
2.6–2.8
2.6–2.7
169
165
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.5
96
107
95
82
92
charcoal, pine
charcoal, oak
coke
Graphite
Paraffin
0.28–0.44
0.47–0.57
1.0–1.4
1.64–2.7
0.87–0.91
23
33
75
135
56
Sp. gr.
Minerals (Cont.)
Pumice, natural
Quartz, flint
Sandstone
Serpentine
Shale, slate
Soapstone, talc
Syenite
Stone, Quarried, Piled
Basalt, granite, gneiss
Greenstone, hornblende
Limestone, marble, quartz
Sandstone
Shale
Aver.
density
lb/ft 3
Sp. gr.
Substance
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft3
Bituminous Substances (Cont.)
Petroleum
refined (kerosene)
benzine
gasoline
Pitch
Tar, bituminous
0.87
0.78–0.82
0.73–0.75
0.70–0.75
1.07–1.15
1.20
54
50
46
45
69
75
Coal and Coke, Piled
Coal, anthracite
bituminous, lignite
peat, turf
charcoal
coke
0.75–0.93
0.64–0.87
0.32–0.42
0.16–0.23
0.37–0.51
47–58
40–54
20–26
10–14
23–32
note: To convert pounds per cubic foot to kilograms per cubic meter, multiply by 16.02. °F = 9⁄5°C + 32.
TABLE 2-65 Density (kg/m3) of Selected Elements as a Function of Temperature
Element symbol
Temperature,
K∗
Al
Be†
Cr
Cu
Au
Ir
Fe
Pb
Mo
Ni
Pt
Ag
Zn†
50
100
150
200
250
2736
2732
2726
2719
2710
3650
3640
3630
3620
3610
7160
7155
7150
7145
7140
9019
9009
8992
8973
8951
19,490
19,460
19,420
19,380
19,340
22,600
22,580
22,560
22,540
22,520
7910
7900
7890
7880
7870
11,570
11,520
11,470
11,430
11,380
10,260
10,260
10,250
10,250
10,250
8960
8950
8940
8930
8910
21,570
21,550
21,530
21,500
21,470
10,620
10,600
10,575
10,550
10,520
7280
7260
7230
7200
7170
300
400
500
600
800
2701
2681
2661
2639
2591
3600
3580
3555
3530
7135
7120
7110
7080
7040
8930
8885
8837
8787
8686
19,300
19,210
19,130
19,040
18,860
22,500
22,450
22,410
22,360
22,250
7860
7830
7800
7760
7690
11,330
11,230
11,130
11,010
10,430
10,240
10,220
10,210
10,190
10,160
8900
8860
8820
8780
8690
21,450
21,380
21,330
21,270
21,140
10,490
10,430
10,360
10,300
10,160
7135
7070
7000
6935
6430
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2365
2305
2255
7000
6945
6890
6760
6700
8568
8458
7920
7750
7600
18,660
18,440
17,230
16,950
22,140
22,030
21,920
21,790
21,660
7650
7620
7520
7420
7320
10,190
9,940
10,120
10,080
10,040
10,000
9,950
8610
8510
8410
8320
7690
21,010
20,870
20,720
20,570
20,400
10,010
9,850
9,170
8,980
6260
21,510
7030
9,900
7450
20,220
2000
7460
note: Above the horizontal line the condensed phase is solid; below the line, it is liquid.
∗°R = 9⁄ 5 K.
†
Polycrystalline form tabulated. Similar tables for an additional 45 elements appear in the Handbook of Heat Transfer, 2d ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984.
LATEnT HEATS
Unit Conversions For this subsection, the following unit conversions
are applicable: °F = 9⁄ 5°C + 32.
To convert calories per gram to British thermal units per pound, multiply
by 1.799.
To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 1.934 × 10−2.
LATEnT HEATS
2-115
TABLE 2-66 Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds*
Unless stated otherwise, the values have been taken from the compilations by K. K. Kelley on “Heats of Fusion of Inorganic Compounds,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 393 (1936),
and “The Free Energies of Vaporization and Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Substances,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 383 (1935).
Substance
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
bp at
1 atm, °C
Aluminum
Al
660.0
2,550
Al2Br6
97.5
5,420
Al2Cl6
192.5
16,960
1000
16,380
AlF3⋅3NaF
Al2I6
191.0
7,960
Al2O3
2045
(26,000)
Antimony
Sb
630.5
4,770
97
3,510
SbBr3
SbCl3
73.4
3,030
SbCl5
4
2,400
655
(27,000)
Sb4O6
Sb4S6
546
11,200
Argon
A
−189.3
290
Arsenic
As
814
(6,620)
AsBr3
31
2,810
AsCl3
−16
2,420
AsF5
−80.7
2,800
As4O6
313
8,000
Barium
Ba
704
(1,400)e
847
6,000
BaBr2
BaCl2
960
5,370
BaF2
1287
3,000
Ba(NO3)2
595
(5,980)
Ba3(PO4)2
1730
18,600
BaSO4
1350
9,700
Beryllium
Be
1280
2,500e
Bismuth
Bi
271.3
2,505
BiBr3
BiCl3
224
2,600
Bi2O3
817
6,800
Bi2S5
747
8,900
Boron
BBr3
BCl3
BF3
−128
480
B2H6
−165.5
B3H10
−119.8
B5H9
−46.9
B5H11
B10H14
99.7
7,800
B2H5Br
−104
B3N3H6
−58
Bromine
Br2
−7.2
2,580
BrF5
−61.3
1,355
Cadmium
Cd
320.9
1,460
CdBr2
568
(5,000)
CdCl2
568
5,300
CdF2
1110
(5,400)
CdI2
387
3,660
CdO
CdSO4
1000
4,790
Calcium
Ca
851
2,230
CaBr2
730
4,180
CaCO3
1282
(12,700)
CaCl2
782
6,100
CaF2
1392
4,100
Ca(NO3)2
561
5,120
CaO
2707
(12,240)
CaO⋅Al2O3⋅2SiO2
1550
29,400
CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2
1392
(18,200)
CaO⋅SiO2
1512
13,400
CaSO4
1297
6,700
Carbon
C (graphite)
3600
11,000e
CBr4
90
1,050
CCl4
−24.0
644
CF4
CH4
−182.5
224
C2N2
−27.8
1,938u
CNBr
52
CNCl
−5
2,240
∗See also subsection “Thermodynamic Properties.”
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
2057
256.4
180.2c
61,020
10,920
26,750c
385.5
3000
15,360
1440
46,670
219
172d
1425
10,360
11,570
17,820
−185.8
1,590
610c
31,000c
122
−52.8
457.2
7,570
4,980
14,300
1638
35,670
1420
461
441
18,020
17,350
91.3
12.5
−100.9
−92.4
16
58
67
f
16
50.4
7,300
5,680
4,620
3,685
6,470
7,700
8,500
11,600
6,230
7,670
58.0
40.4
7,420
7,470
765
23,870
967
29,860
796
1559c
25,400
53,820c
1487
36,580
77
−127.9
−161.4
−21.1
13
7,280
3,110
2,040
5,576u
11,010c
6,300
Substance
Carbon (Cont.)
CNF
CNI
CO
CO2
COS
COCl2
CS2
Cerium
Ce
Cesium
Cs
CsBr
CsCl
CsF
CsI
CsNO3
Chlorine
Cl2
ClF
ClF3
Cl2O
ClO2
Cl2O7
Chromium
Cr
Cr O2Cl2
Cobalt
Co
CoCl2
Copper
Cu
Cu2Br2
Cu2Cl2
CuI
Cu2(CN)2
Cu2O
CuO
Cu2S
Fluorine
F2
F2O
Gallium
Ga
Germanium
Ge
GeH4
Ge2H6
Ge3H8
GeHCl3
GeBr4
GeCl4
Ge(CH3)4
Gold
Au
Helium
He
Hydrogen
H2
HBr
HCl
HCN
HF
(HF)6
HI
H2O
H22O (= D2O)
H2O2
HNO3
H3PO2
H3PO3
H3PO4
H4P2O6
H2S
H2S2
H2SO4
H2Se
H2SeO4
H2Te
Indium
In
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
−205.0
−57.5
−138.8
200
1,900
1,129 k
−112.0
1,049 l
775
2,120
28.4
500
642
715
3,600
(2,450)
407
3,250
−101.0
1,531m
1550
3,930
1490
727
3,660
7,390
1083.0
3,110
430
4,890
473
1230
1447
1127
(5,400)
(13,400)
2,820
5,500
−223
29.8
bp at
1 atm, °C
−72.8
141
−191.5
−78.4c
−50.2
8.0
5,780c
13,980c
1,444
6,030 c, r
4,423 k
5,990
690
1300
1300
1251
1280
16,320
35,990
35,690
34,330
35,930
−34.1
−101
11.3
2.0
10.9
79
959
−165
−109
−105.6
−71
26.1
−49.5
−88
(8,300)
1063.0
3,030
−271.4
−259.2
−86.9
−114.2
−13.2
−83.0
28
575
476
2,009i
1,094
−50.8
0.0
3.8
−2
−47
17.4
74
42.4
55
−85.5
−87.6
10.5
686
1,436
1,501s
2,520c
600
2,310
3,070
2,520
8,300
568t
1,805
2,360
58
−48.9
3,450
1,670
156.4
781
4,878 m
5,890
6,280
7,100
8,480
2475
117
8,250
1050
27,170
2595
1355
1490
1336
72,810
16,310
11,920
15,940
−188.2
−144.8
1,336
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
1,640
2,650
2071
−89.1
31.4
110.6
75g
189
84
44
2966
3,580
5,900
7,550
8,000
8,560
7,030
6,460
81,800
−268.4
22
−252.7
−66.7
−85.0
25.7
33.3
51.2
216
4,210
3,860
6,027i
7,460
5,020
100.0
101.4
158
9,729 h,q
9,945 r,q
10,270
−60.3
4,463 t
−41.3
4,880
−2.2
5,650
(Continued )
2-116
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-66 Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Substance
Iodine
I2
ICl(α)
ICl(β)
IF7
Iron
Fe
FeCl2
Fe2Cl6
Fe(CO)5
FeO
FeS
Krypton
Kr
Lead
Pb
PbBr2
PbCl2
PbF2
PbI2
PbMoO4
PbO
PbS
PbSO4
PbWO4
Lithium
Li
LiBO2
LiBr
LiCl
LiF
LiI
LiOH
Li2MoO4
LiNO3
Li2SiO3
Li4SiO4
Li2SO4
Li2WO4
Magnesium
Mg
MgBr2
MgCl2
MgF2
MgO
Mg3(PO4)2
MgSiO3
MgSO4
MgZn2
Manganese
Mn
MnCl2
MnSiO3
MnTiO3
Mercury
Hg
HgBr2
HgCl2
HgI2
HgSO4
Molybdenum
Mo
MoF6
MoO3
Neon
Ne
Nickel
Ni
NiCl2
Ni(CO)4
Ni2S
Ni3S2
Nitrogen
N2
NF3
NH3
NH4CNS
NH4NO3
N2O
NO
N2O4
N2O5
NOCl
Osmium
OsF8
OsO4 (yellow)
OsO4 (white)
Oxygen
O2
O3
mp, °C
113.0
17.2
13.9
1530
677
304
−21
1380
1195
−157
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
bp at
1 atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
3,650
2,660
2,270
183
4c
7,460c
3,560
7,800
20,590
3,250
(7,700)
5,000
2735
1026
319
105
84,600
30,210
12,040
9,000
360
e
152.9
10,390
2,310
e
327.4
488
498
824
412
1065
890
1114
1087
1123
1,224
4,290
5,650
1,860
5,970
(25,800)
2,820
4,150
9,600
(15,200)
179
845
552
614
847
440
462
705
1,100
(5,570)
2,900
3,200
(2,360)
(1,420)
2,480
4,200
1177
1249
857
742
7,210
7,430
3,040
(6,700)
650
711
712
1221
2642
1184
1524
1127
589
2,160
8,300
8,100
5,900
18,500
(11,300)
14,700
3,500
(8,270)
1107
32,520
1418
32,690
1220
650
1274
1404
3,450
7,340
(8,200)
(7,960)
2152
1190
55,150
29,630
557
3,960
4,150
4,500
(1,440)
361
319
304
354
13,980
14,080
14,080
14,260
(6,660)
2,500
(2,500)
(4800)
36
1151
(128,000)
6,000
−38.9
241
277
250
850
2622
17
745
−248.5
1744
914
954
1293
872
42,060
27,700
29,600
38,300
24,850
1472
1281
51,310
(50,000)
1372
32,250
1310
1382
1681
1171
35,420
35,960
50,970
40,770
77
−246.0
440e
1455
4,200
645
790
(2,980)
5,800
2730
987c
42.5
87,300
48,360c
7,000
−195.8
−129.0
−33.4
1,336
3,000
5,581n
−88.5
−151.7
30
32.4
−6.4
3,950
3,307
7,040
13,800c
6,140
47.4
130
6,840
9,450
−183.0
−111
1,629
2,880
−210.0
−77.7
146
169.6
−90.8
−163.6
−13
56
42
−218.9
172
1,352
(4,700)
1,460
1,563
550
5,540
n
4,060
2,340
106
Substance
Palladium
Pd
Phosphorus
P4 (yellow)
P4 (violet)
P4 (black)
PCl3
PH3
P4O6
P4O10(α)
P4O10(β)
POCl3
P 2S 3
Platinum
Pt
Potassium
K
KBO2
KBr
KCl
KCN
KCNS
K2CO3
K2Cr O4
K2Cr2O7
KF
KI
K2MoO4
KNO3
KOH
KPO3
K3PO4
K4P2O7
K2SO4
K2TiO3
K2WO4
Praseodymium
Pr
Radon
Rn
Rhenium
Re
Re2O7
Re2O8
Rubidium
Rb
RbBr
RbCl
RbF
RbI
RbNO3
Selenium
Se2
Se6
SeF6
SeO2
SeOCl2
Silicon
Si
SiCl4
Si2Cl6
Si3Cl8
(SiCl3)2O
SiF4
Si2F6
SiF3Cl
SiF2Cl2
SiH4
Si2H6
Si3H8
Si4H10
SiH3Br
SiH2Br2
SiHCl3
(SiH3)3N
(SiH3)2O
SiO2 (quartz)
SiO2 (cristobalite)
Silver
Ag
AgBr
AgCl
AgCN
AgI
AgNO3
Ag2S
Ag2SO4
Sodium
Na
NaBO2
mp, °C
1554
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
bp at
1 atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
4,120
44.2
615
−133.8
23.8
569
270o
3,360
17,080
1.1
3,110
1773.5
4,700
(4400)
(107,000)
63.5
947
742
770
623
179
897
984
398
857
682
922
338
360
817
1340
1092
1074
810
927
574
(5,700)
5,000
6,410
(3,500)
2,250
7,800
6,920
8,770
6,500
4,100
(4,000)
2,840
(2,000)
2,110
8,900
14,000
8,100
(10,600)
(4,400)
776
18,920
1383
1407
37,060
38,840
1324
34,690
1327
30,850
932
2,700
−71
(3000)
296
147
15,340
3,800
39.1
677
717
833
638
305
525
3,700
4,400
4,130
2,990
1,340
217
1,220
10
1,010
1427
−67.6
−1
9,470
1,845
−33
−18.5
−138
−144
−185
−132.5
−117
−93.5
−93.8
−70.0
−126.5
−105.6
−144
1470
1700
3,400
2,100
960.5
430
455
350
557
209
842
657
2,700
2,180
3,155
2,750
2,250
2,755
3,360
(4,300)
97.7
966
630
8,660
3,900
280
417c
453c
74.2
−87.7
174
591
358c
105.1
508
12,520
25,600c
33,100
7,280
3,489 o
10,380
20,670
8,380
−61.8
4,010
362.4
18,060
679
1352
1381
1408
1304
753
736
−45.8c
317c
168
2290
56.8
139
211.4
135.6
−94.8c
−18.9c
−70.1
−31.5
−111.6
−14.3
53.1
100
2.4
70.5
31.8
48.7
−15.4
2230
2212
18,110
37,120
36,920
39,510
35,960
25,490
20,600
6,350c
20,900
6,860
12,340
8,820
6,130c
10,400c
4,460
5,080
2,960
5,110
6,780
8,890
5,650
6,840
6,360
6,850
5,350
60,720
1564
42,520
1506
34,450
914
23,120
(Continued )
LATEnT HEATS
2-117
TABLE 2-66 Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Substance
Sodium (Cont.)
NaBr
NaCl
NaClO3
NaCN
NaCNS
Na2CO3
NaF
NaI
Na2MoO4
NaNO3
NaOH
½Na2O⋅½Al2O3⋅3SiO2
NaPO3
Na4P2O7
Na2S
Na2SiO3
Na2Si2O5
Na2SO4
Na2WO4
Strontium
Sr
SrBr2
SrCl2
SrF2
Sr3(PO4)2
Sulfur
S (rhombic)
S (monoclinic)
S2Cl2
SF6
SO2
SO3(α)
SO3(β)
SO3(γ)
SOBr2
SOCl2
SO2Cl2
Tellurium
Te
TeCl4
TeF6
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
747
800
255
562
323
854
992
662
687
310
322
1107
988
970
920
1087
884
884
702
6,140
7,220
5,290
(4,400)
4,450
7,000
7,000
5,240
3,600
3,760
2,000
13,150
(5,000)
(13,700)
(1,200)
10,300
8,460
5,830
5,800
757
643
872
1400
1770
2,190
4,780
4,100
4,260
18,500
112.8
119.2
−75.5
17
32.4
62.2
453
1,769p
2,060
2,890
6,310
3,230
bp at
1 atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
1392
1465
37,950
40,810
1500
37,280
1704
53,260
1378
1384
33,610
444.6
2,200
138
−63.5c
−5.0
44.8
8,720
5,600c
5,960p
10,190
139.5
75.4
69.2
9,920
7,600
7,760
1090
392
−38.6c
16,830
6,700c
Values in parentheses are uncertain.
For the freezing point or the normal boiling point unless otherwise stated.
c
Sublimation.
d
Decomposes at about 75°C; value obtained by extrapolation.
e
Bichowsky and Rossini, Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances, Reinhold, New York (1936).
f
Decomposes before the normal boiling point is reached.
g
Decomposes at about 40°C; value obtained by extrapolation.
h
See also pp. 2-304 through 2-307 on steam table.
i
Giauque and Ruehrwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (1939): 2626.
j
Giauque and Egan, J. Chem. Phys., 5 (1937): 45.
Substance
Thallium
Tl
TlBr
TlCl
Tl2CO3
TlI
TlNO3
Tl2S
Tl2SO4
Tin
Sn4
SnBr2
SnBr4
SnCl2
SnCl4
Sn(CH3)4
SnH4
SnI4
Titanium
TiBr4
TiCl4
TiO2
Tungsten
W
WF6
Uranium
UF6
Xenon
Xe
Zinc
Zn
ZnCl2
Zn(C2H5)2
ZnO
ZnS
Zirconium
ZrBr4
Zr Cl4
ZrI4
Zr O2
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
302.5
460
427
273
440
207
449
632
1,030
5,990
4,260
4,400
3,125
2,290
3,000
5,500
1457
819
807
38,810
23,800
24,420
823
25,030
231.8
232
30
247
−33.2
1,720
(1,700)
3,000
3,050
2,190
2270
68,000
−149.8
143.5
(4,300)
38.2
−23
1825
(2,060)
2,240
(11,400)
136
3390
−0.4
(8,400)
1,800
(5900)
17.3
(176,000)
6,350
55.1c
9,990c
−108.0
3,110
907
732
118
27,430
28,710
8,960
357c
311c
431c
25,800c
25,290c
29,030c
−111.5
419.5
283
1975
1645
2715
k
b
l
m
TABLE 2-67 Heats of Fusion of Miscellaneous Materials
Material
1,595
(5,500)
4,470
(9,000)
20,800
623
113
78.3
−52.3
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
20,740
8,330
7,320
4,420
8,350
Kemp and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59 (1937): 79.
Brown and Manov, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59 (1937): 500.
Giauque and Powell, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (1939): 1970.
n
Overstreet and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59 (1937): 254.
o
Stephenson and Giauque, J. Chem. Phys., 5 (1937): 149.
p
Giauque and Stephenson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60 (1938): 1389.
q
Osborne, Stimson, and Ginnings, Bur. Standards J. Research, 23, 197 (1939): 261.
r
Miles and Menzies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 1067.
s
Long and Kemp, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 1829.
t
Giauque and Blue, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 831.
u
Ruehrwein and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (1939): 2940.
a
Alloys
30.5 Pb + 69.5 Sn
36.9 Pb + 63.1 Sn
63.7 Pb + 36.3 Sn
77.8 Pb + 22.2 Sn
1 Pb + 9 Sn
24 Pb + 27.3 Sn + 48.7 Bi
25.8 Pb + 14.7 Sn + 52.4 Bi + 7 Cd
Silicates
Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8)
Orthoclase (KAlSi2O8)
Microcline (KAlSi3O8)
Wollastonite (CaSiO8)
Malacolite (Ca8MgSi4O12)
Diopside (CaMgSi2O4)
Olivine (Mg2SiO4)
Fayalite (Fe2SiO4)
Spermaceti
Wax (bees’)
740
bp at
1 atm, °C
mp, °C
Heat of fusion, cal/g
183
179
177.5
176.5
236
98.8
75.5
17
15.5
11.6
9.54
28
6.85
8.4
43.9
61.8
100
100
83
100
94
100
130
85
37.0
42.3
2-118
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-68 Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds
The values for the hydrocarbons are from the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards, with some from
Parks and Huffman, Ind. Eng. Chem., 23, 1138 (1931).
The values for the nonhydrocarbon compounds were recalculated from data in International Critical Tables, vol. 5.
Hydrocarbon compounds
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Paraffins
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n-Butane
2-Methylpropane
n-Pentane
2-Methylbutane
2,2-Dimethylpropane
n-Hexane
2-Methylpentane
2,2-Dimethylbutane
2,3-Dimethylbutane
n-Heptane
2-Methylhexane
3-Ethylpentane
2,2-Dimethylpentane
2,4-Dimethylpentane
3,3-Dimethylpentane
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane
n-Octane
2-Methylheptane
3-Methylpentane
4-Methylheptane
2,2-Dimethylhexane
2,5-Dimethylhexane
3,3-Dimethylhexane
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
n-Nonane
n-Decane
n-Undecane
n-Dodecane
Eicosane
Pentacosane
Tritriacontane
Aromatics
Benzene
Methylbenzene (Toluene)
Ethylbenzene
o-Xylene
m-Xylene
p-Xylene
n-Propylbenzene
Isopropylbenzene
1-Methyl-2-ethylbenzene
CH4
C 2H 6
C 3H 8
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12
C5H12
C5H12
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
C11H24
C12H26
C20H42
C25H52
C33H68
−182.48
−183.23
−187.65
−138.33
−159.60
−129.723
−159.890
−16.6
−95.320
−153.680
−99.73
−128.41
−90.595
−118.270
−118.593
−123.790
−119.230
−134.46
−24.96
−56.798
−109.04
−120.50
−120.955
−121.18
−91.200
−126.10
−114.960
−90.870
−112.27
−107.365
−100.70
−109.210
+100.69
−53.9
−30.0
−25.9
−9.6
+36.4
+53.3
+71.1
14.03
22.712
19.100
19.167
18.668
27.874
17.076
10.786
36.138
17.407
1.607
2.251
33.513
21.158
22.555
13.982
15.968
16.856
5.250
43.169
21.458
23.795
22.692
24.226
26.903
14.9
23.690
22.657
18.061
19.278
3.204
19.392
14.900
41.2
48.3
34.1
51.3
52.0
53.6
54.0
C 6H 6
C 7H 8
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
+5.533
−94.991
−94.950
−25.187
−47.872
+13.263
−99.500
−96.028
−80.833
30.100
17.171
20.629
30.614
26.045
38.526
16.97
19.22
21.13
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
Formula
mp, °C
Acetic acid
Acetone
Acrylic acid
Allo-cinnamic acid
Aminobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Amyl alcohol
Anethole
Aniline
Anthraquinone
Apiol
Azobenzene
Azoxybenzene
C2H4O2
C3H6O
C3H4O2
C9H8O2
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C5H12O
C10H12O
C6H5NH2
C14H8O2
C12H14O4
C12H10N2
C12H10N2O
16.7
−95.5
12.3
68
145
179.5
188.5
−78.9
22.5
−6.3
284.8
29.5
67.1
36
46.68
23.42
37.03
27.35
35.48
38.03
36.46
26.65
25.80
27.09
37.48
25.80
28.91
21.62
Benzil
Benzoic acid
Benzophenone
Benzylaniline
Bromocamphor
Bromochlorbenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Bromoiodobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Bromol hydrate
Bromophenol (p-)
Bromotoluene (p-)
C14H10O2
C7H8O2
C13H10O
C13H13N
C10H15BrO
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrI
C6H4BrI
C6H4BrI
C2H3Br3O2
C6H5BrO
C7H7Br
95.2
122.45
47.85
32.37
78
−12.6
−21.2
64.6
21
9.3
90.1
46
63.5
28
22.15
33.90
23.53
21.86
41.57
15.41
15.29
23.41
12.18
10.27
16.60
16.90
20.50
20.86
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Hydrocarbon compounds
Aromatics—(Cont.)
1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene
1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Camphene
Durene
Isodurene
Prehnitene
p-Cymene
n-Butyl benzene
tert-Butyl benzene
β-Methyl naphthalene
Diphenyl
Hexamethyl benzene
Diphenyl methane
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Tolane
Stilbene
Dibenzil
Triphenyl methane
Alkyl cyclohexanes
Cyclohexane
Methylcyclohexane
Alkyl cyclopentanes
Cyclopentane
Methylcyclopentane
Ethylcyclopentane
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane
Monoolefins
Ethene (Ethylene)
Propene (Propylene)
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
2-Methylpropene (isobutene)
1-Pentene
cis-2-pentene
trans-2-pentene
2-Methyl-1-butene
3-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
Acetylenes
Acetylene
2-Butyne (dimethylacetylene)
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C10H8
C10H12
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C11H10
C12H10
C12H18
C13H12
C14H10
C14H10
C14H10
C14H12
C14H14
C19H16
−95.55
−62.350
−25.375
−43.80
−44.720
+80.0
+51
+79.3
−24.0
−7.7
−68.9
−88.5
−58.1
+34.1
+68.6
+165.5
+25.2
+216.5
+96.3
+60
+124
+51.4
+92.1
15.14
25.29
16.64
24.54
18.97
36.0
57
37.4
23.0
20.0
17.1
19.5
14.9
20.1
28.8
30.4
26.4
38.7
25.0
28.7
40.0
30.7
21.1
C6H12
C7H14
+6.67
−126.58
7.569
16.429
C5H10
C6H12
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14
−93.80
−142.445
−138.435
−69.73
−53.85
−117.57
−133.680
2.068
19.68
11.10
3.36
3.87
15.68
17.93
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
−169.15
−185.25
−185.35
−138.91
−105.55
−140.35
−165.27
−151.363
−140.235
−137.560
−168.500
−133.780
28.547
17.054
16.393
31.135
41.564
25.265
16.82
24.239
26.536
26.879
18.009
25.738
C2H2
C4H6
−81.5
−132.23
23.04
40.808
Formula
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Butyl alcohol (n-)
(t-)
Butyric acid (n-)
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8O2
−89.2
25.4
−5.7
29.93
21.88
30.04
Capric acid (n-)
Caprylic acid (n-)
Carbazole
Carbon tetrachloride
Carvoxime (d-)
(l-)
(dl-)
Cetyl alcohol
Chloracetic acid (α-)
(β-)
Chloral alcoholate
hydrate
Chloroaniline (p-)
Chlorobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
( p-)
Chloronitrobenzene (m-)
(p-)
Cinnamic acid
anhydride
Cresol (p-)
Crotonic acid (α-)
(cis-)
Cyanamide
Cyclohexanol
C10H20O2
C8H16O2
C12H9N
CCl4
C10H15NO
C10H15NO
C10H15NO
C16H34O
C2H3ClO2
C2H3ClO2
C4H7Cl3O2
C2H3Cl3O2
C6H6ClN
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C6H4ClNO2
C6H4ClNO2
C9H8O2
C18H14O3
C7H8O
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
CH2N2
C6H12O
31.99
16.3
243
−22.8
71.5
71
91
49.27
61.2
56
9
47.4
71
140.2
154.25
239.7
44.4
83.5
133
48
34.6
72
71.2
44
25.46
38.87
35.40
42.05
41.57
23.29
23.41
24.61
33.80
31.06
35.12
24.03
33.18
37.15
39.30
36.41
49.21
29.38
31.51
36.50
28.14
26.28
25.32
34.90
49.81
4.19
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
(Continued )
LATEnT HEATS
2-119
TABLE 2-68 Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds (Continued )
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
Formula
mp, °C
Dibromobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dibromophenol (2, 4-)
Dichloroacetic acid
Dichlorobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dihydroxybenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Di-iodobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dimethyl tartrate (dl-)
(d-)
pyrone
Dinitrobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dinitrotoluene (2, 4-)
Dioxane
Diphenyl amine
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2O
C2H2Cl2O2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
C6H4I2
C6H4I2
C6H4I2
C6H10O6
C6H10O6
C7H8O2
C6H4N2O4
C6H4N2O4
C6H4N2O4
C7H6N2O4
C4H8O2
C12H11N
1.8
−6.9
86
12
−4(?)
−16.7
−24.8
53.13
104.3
109.65
172.3
23.4
34.2
129
87
49
132
116.93
89.7
173.5
70.14
11.0
52.98
12.78
13.38
20.55
13.97
14.21
21.02
20.55
29.67
49.40
46.20
58.77
10.15
11.54
16.20
35.12
21.50
56.14
32.25
24.70
39.99
26.40
34.85
25.23
Elaidic acid
Ethyl acetate
alcohol
Ethylene dibromide
Ethyl ether
C18H34O2
C4H8O2
C2H6O
C2H4Br2
C4H10O
44.4
83.8
−114.4
10.012
−116.3
52.08
28.43
25.76
13.52
23.54
Formic acid
CH2O2
8.40
58.89
Glutaric acid
Glycerol
Glycol, ethylene
C6H8O4
C3H8O3
C2H6O2
97.5
18.07
−11.5
37.39
47.49
43.26
Hydrazo benzene
Hydrocinnamic acid
Hydroxyacetanilide
C12H12N2
C9H10O2
C8H9NO2
134
48
91.3
22.89
28.14
33.59
Iodotoluene (p-)
Isopropyl alcohol
ether
C7H7I
C3H8O
C6H14O
34
−88.5
−86.8
18.75
21.08
25.79
Lauric acid (n-)
Levulinic acid
C12H24O2
C5H8O3
43.22
33
43.72
18.97
Menthol (l-) (α)
Methyl alcohol
Myristic acid
Methyl cinnamate
fumarate
oxalate
phenylpropiolate
succinate
C10H20O
CH4O
C14H28O2
C10H10O2
C6H8O4
C4H6O4
C10H8O2
C6H10O4
43.5
−97.8
53.86
36
102
54.35
18
19.5
18.63
23.7
47.49
26.53
57.93
42.64
22.86
35.72
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Naphthol (α-)
(β-)
Naphthylamine (α-)
Nitroaniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Nitronaphthalene
Nitrophenol (o-)
C10H8O
C10H8O
C10H9N
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H5NO2
C7H5NO4
C7H5NO4
C7H5NO4
C10H7NO2
C6H5NO3
95.0
120.6
50
71.2
114.0
147.3
5.85
145.8
141.1
239.2
56.7
45.13
38.94
31.30
22.34
27.88
40.97
36.46
22.52
40.06
27.59
52.80
25.44
26.76
Palmitic acid
Paraldehyde
Pelargic acid (n-) (β-)
Pelargonic acid (n-) (α-)
Phenol
Phenylacetic acid
Phenylhydrazine
Propyl ether (n)
C16H32O2
C6H12O3
C9H18O2
C9H18O2
C6H6O
C8H8O2
C6H8N2
C6H14O
61.82
10.5
12.35
40.92
76.7
19.6
−126.1
39.18
25.02
39.04
30.63
29.03
25.44
36.31
20.66
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
Quinone
C6H4O2
115.7
40.85
Stearic acid
Succinic anhydride
Succinonitrile
C18H30O2
C4H4O3
C4H4N2
68.82
119
54.5
47.54
48.74
11.71
Tetrachloroxylene (o-)
(p-)
Thiophene
Thiosinamine
Thymol
Toluic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Toluidine (p-)
Tribromophenol (2, 4, 6-)
Trichloroacetic acid
Trinitroglycerol
Trinitrotoluene (2, 4, 6-)
Tristearin
C8H6Cl4
C8H6Cl4
C4H4S
C4H8N2S
C10H14O
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C7H9N
C6H3Br3O
C2HCl3O2
C3H5N3O9
C7H5N3O6
C57H110O6
86
95
−39.4
77
51.5
103.7
108.75
179.6
43.3
93
57.5
12.3
80.83
70.8, 54.5
21.02
22.10
14.11
33.45
27.47
35.40
27.59
39.90
39.90
13.38
8.60
23.02
22.34
45.63
Undecylic acid (α-) (n-)
(β-) (n-)
Urethane
C11H22O2
C11H22O2
C3H7NO2
28.25
48.7
32.20
42.91
40.85
Veratrol
C8H10O2
22.5
27.45
Xylene dibromide (o-)
(m-)
dichloride (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
C8H8Br2
C8H8Br2
C8H8Cl2
C8H8Cl2
C8H8Cl2
95
77
55
34
100
24.25
21.45
29.03
26.64
32.73
2-120
TABLE 2-69 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol)
Cmpd. no.*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Formula
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CAS
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
C2
C3
C4
Tmin , K
ΔHv at
Tmin × 1E-07
44.05256
59.0672
60.052
102.08864
58.07914
41.0519
26.03728
56.06326
72.06266
53.0626
28.96
17.03052
108.13782
39.948
121.13658
78.11184
110.17684
122.12134
103.1213
182.2179
108.13782
136.19098
124.20342
154.2078
159.808
157.0079
108.965
94.93852
54.09044
54.09044
58.1222
90.121
90.121
74.1216
74.1216
56.10632
56.10632
56.10632
116.15828
134.21816
90.1872
90.1872
54.09044
72.10572
88.1051
69.1051
3.4088
9.9475
6.127546
5.8564
4.9258
3.8345
1.7059
6.6599
4.3756
4.3052
0.74587
3.1523
7.6926
0.84215
8.7809
5.0007
6.081621
11.374
6.4966
10.523
8.4762
8.2051
11.544
7.6737
5.5242
5.0392
3.9247
3.1988
3.039582
3.8018
3.6238
9.4943
11.344
7.1274
7.5007
3.3774
4.3478
3.8671
8.8262
8.0911
5.0883
4.7563
4.3143
4.17
6.1947
5.1323
0.043317
0.94835
3.683421
0.33055
1.0809
0.033941
-0.52025
2.2443
2.2571
0.095188
0.47571
0.3914
1.4255
0.28333
0.1933
0.65393
0.2724357
1.4864
0.54598
0.87091
0.35251
1.4438
2.2311
0.28923
1.5015
-0.2027
0.28886
0.2896
0.2698591
0.90446
0.8337
0.64824
1.4414
0.0483
0.09616
0.5107
1.3196
1.0672
1.7772
1.2599
0.47166
0.49657
1.0149
0.23488
1.6524
0.32362
0.21502
-0.51011
-6.193052
-0.057073
-1.3684
0.34283
1.0982
-2.9192
-4.5116
0.47381
-0.71131
-0.2289
-1.6901
0.033281
0.30877
-0.27698
0.4430641
-2.3097
-0.42255
-0.45568
0.43853
-1.8053
-2.5186
0.34048
-1.7185
1.2207
0.38616
0.0344
-0.3789853
-0.74555
-0.82274
-0.24961
-1.9412
0.8966
1.1444
-0.17304
-1.5096
-1.2574
-1.926
-1.2911
-0.0078998
-0.13123
-0.99196
0.020947
-2.8505
0.16979
0.23791
0.015094
2.977694
0.083671
0.69723
-0.13415
-0.29832
1.1113
2.5738
-0.26294
0.60517
0.2309
0.72371
0.030551
-0.14162
0.029569
-0.3449689
1.4025
0.2597
149.780
353.150
289.810
200.150
178.450
229.315
192.400
185.450
286.150
189.630
59.150
195.410
235.650
83.780
403.000
278.680
258.270
395.450
260.280
321.350
257.850
275.650
243.950
342.200
265.850
242.430
154.250
179.440
136.950
164.250
134.860
220.000
196.150
183.850
158.450
87.800
134.260
167.620
199.650
185.300
157.460
133.020
147.430
176.800
250.000
161.300
3.23240
6.36890
2.44660
5.14960
3.66050
3.52490
1.62620
3.63950
2.79650
3.89890
0.63247
2.52980
5.10000
0.65440
7.12860
3.49320
5.06340
6.94850
5.33600
7.48950
6.88000
5.24700
6.26740
6.11280
3.28440
4.71870
3.42380
2.75620
2.82540
2.76410
2.86840
7.58750
8.14880
6.36430
6.59780
3.01970
3.10310
2.77200
5.32550
5.94710
4.37960
4.18430
3.20490
3.77230
4.16190
4.57590
-0.3026
0.79682
0.83063
-0.26011
0.6614
-0.70705
-0.35786
0.0114
0.5165115
0.24234
0.39613
0.058188
1.035
-0.5116
-0.78448
0.05181
0.63987
0.62539
0.63659
0.47381
-0.071247
0.027307
0.40891
0.086255
1.6285
-0.18921
Tmax , K
466.000
761.000
591.950
606.000
508.200
545.500
308.300
506.000
615.000
540.000
132.450
405.650
645.600
150.860
824.000
562.050
689.000
751.000
702.300
830.000
720.150
662.000
718.000
773.000
584.150
670.150
503.800
464.000
452.000
425.000
425.120
680.000
676.000
563.100
535.900
419.500
435.500
428.600
575.400
660.500
570.100
554.000
440.000
537.200
615.700
585.400
ΔHv
at Tmax
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
44.0095
76.1407
28.0101
153.8227
88.0043
70.906
112.5569
64.5141
119.37764
50.4875
78.54068
78.54068
108.13782
108.13782
108.13782
120.19158
52.0348
56.10632
84.15948
100.15888
98.143
82.1436
70.1329
68.11702
42.07974
116.22448
156.2652
142.28168
172.265
158.28108
140.2658
174.34668
138.24992
4.0316
187.86116
187.86116
173.83458
130.22792
147.00196
147.00196
147.00196
98.95916
98.95916
84.93258
112.98574
112.98574
105.13564
73.13684
74.1216
90.1872
2.173
4.0359
0.8585
4.6113
1.9311
3.068
4.6746
3.253
5.3032
2.442
3.93706
3.9033
6.87
13.355
8.0979
7.5255
2.3558
3.6762
5.193
5.5761
6.6898
4.698
3.4216
3.6524
2.7681
6.7798
9.0851
8.7515
12.531
7.9041
6.6985
8.4103
10.603
0.11867
4.7061
6.057225
6.1207
6.4978
5.3065
6.4394
7.0416
4.7631
5.6489
4.8739
5.6495
4.2593
12.931
2.595917
5.947
4.7806
0.382
1.0897
0.4921
0.55241
0.94983
0.8458
0.013055
0.321
1.0366
-0.298
0.14297
0.3867
-0.39158
2.3486
-0.33815
1.3714
-0.29499
0.76666
1.0019
-1.7498
1.0012
0.44894
-0.21723
0.17652
0.44645
1.1402
1.3026
1.3204
0.76281
-1.36
0.76944
0.40556
1.7758
-0.31087
0.098096
1.372193
1.2282
0.77464
0.20288
0.67955
0.96641
1.0048
1.0038
0.9583
1.0359
-0.0038971
1.2215
-1.334101
1.6416
0.39507
-0.4339
-1.6483
-0.326
-0.18725
-1.0615
-0.9001
0.51777
-0.252
-0.79572
0.87
0.55088
0.008595
1.7208
-2.5463
2.3495
-1.5024
0.34496
-0.74793
-1.0159
4.5168
-0.96028
0.070295
1.0245
0.2777
-0.28756
-1.1701
-1.6803
-1.2441
-0.32459
4.0854
-0.79975
0.34553
-1.6849
0.28353
0.20134
-2.053024
-1.1989
-0.67379
0.039962
-0.58058
-0.86362
-1.2457
-0.7936
-0.79374
-0.98747
0.58142
-1.3197
2.366723
-1.7394
-0.028657
0.42213
0.9779
0.2231
0.022973
0.51894
0.453
-0.18852
0.295
0.16746
-0.271
-0.3511
-0.016793
-0.97478
0.74218
-1.7015
0.59731
0.24271
0.35979
0.46332
-2.4034
0.37622
-0.14736
-0.49752
-0.10817
0.21791
0.45855
0.86441
0.38061
0.054808
-2.3871
0.42379
-0.4009
0.38281
0.34543
0.22064
1.161394
0.40137
0.31825
0.12466
0.36746
0.32976
0.67919
0.17013
0.28069
0.39006
-0.23734
0.50585
-0.7871881
0.5831
0.014929
216.580
161.110
68.130
250.330
89.560
172.120
227.950
136.750
209.630
175.430
150.350
155.970
285.390
304.190
307.930
177.140
245.250
182.480
279.690
296.600
242.000
169.670
179.280
138.130
145.590
189.640
285.000
243.510
304.550
280.050
206.890
247.560
229.150
18.730
210.150
282.850
220.600
175.300
248.390
256.150
326.140
176.190
237.490
178.010
192.500
172.710
301.150
223.350
156.850
169.200
1.52020
3.17860
0.65166
3.47600
1.42150
2.28780
4.32240
2.95540
3.65460
2.41470
3.56930
3.36320
6.37340
6.06020
6.57120
5.41880
2.33890
2.81720
3.38860
6.25790
4.84470
3.98460
3.30460
3.37950
2.33840
5.10540
6.02700
5.60450
8.84640
8.29590
5.35240
6.81720
6.07920
0.12605
4.35520
4.06410
4.18700
5.24340
4.77510
5.09850
4.68520
3.62860
3.84750
3.58500
4.13210
4.03570
8.64260
3.35400
3.75450
4.15460
304.210
552.000
132.920
556.350
227.510
417.150
632.350
460.350
536.400
416.250
503.150
489.000
705.850
697.550
704.650
631.000
400.150
459.930
553.800
650.100
653.000
560.400
511.700
507.000
398.000
664.000
674.000
617.700
722.100
688.000
616.600
696.000
619.850
38.350
628.000
650.150
611.000
584.100
683.950
705.000
684.750
523.000
561.600
510.000
560.000
572.000
736.600
496.600
466.700
557.150
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(Continued )
2-121
2-122
TABLE 2-69 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) (Continued )
Cmpd. no.*
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
Name
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Diisopropyl amine
Diisopropyl ether
Diisopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Formula
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
CAS
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
66.04997
66.04997
52.02339
101.19
102.17476
114.18546
90.121
104.14758
54.09044
45.08368
86.17536
112.21264
112.21264
112.21264
94.19904
46.06844
73.09378
100.20194
194.184
60.17042
62.134
78.13344
194.184
88.10512
170.2072
101.19
170.33484
282.54748
30.069
46.06844
88.10512
45.08368
106.165
150.1745
116.15828
116.15828
112.21264
98.18606
28.05316
60.09832
62.06784
43.0678
44.05256
74.07854
144.211
3.663
4.2313
3.3907
2.8258
4.630224
5.2429
4.3872
4.7999
3.6881
3.4422
4.8054
5.5503
5.4479
5.8702
5.8328
2.6377
5.9186
5.3387
10.263
2.919
4.5493
7.0161
7.66109
5.0368
6.9745
7.993218
10.962
12.86
2.1091
6.5831
4.8272
4.275
7.4288
6.8245
8.7212
5.7624
6.0933
5.7997
2.0639
5.6091
8.9207
4.7462
4.4514
4.4151
11.08845
C2
0.93553
0.90591
1.1148
-1.5731
1.265631
0.80535
0.56226
0.30724
0.37958
-0.49774
1.0013
0.7692
0.56826
1.0022
0.99061
-0.072806
0.37731
0.9509
1.504
0.47315
0.81834
0.9938
0.36322
0.37438
0.43414
1.697066
1.5544
0.50351
0.60646
1.1905
0.2372
0.5857
1.6218
1.071
0.79255
0.46881
0.96339
1.0161
0.80153
0.077011
0.83021
0.37327
1.1569
0.51536
0.7029
C3
C4
Tmin , K
ΔHv at
Tmin × 1E-07
-0.9806
-0.59583
-1.2957
2.9709
-2.325122
-1.4147
-0.60662
-0.024545
-0.22063
1.8024
-1.0356
-0.56915
-0.29095
-1.0188
-0.9035
0.54324
0.0051489
-0.97007
-2.441
-0.19035
-0.47199
-1.4767
-0.28551
-0.0004344
-0.26069
-1.895364
-1.5358
0.32986
-0.55492
-1.7666
0.32434
-0.332
-2.0278
-1.943
-0.64882
-0.14511
-0.94933
-0.92313
-0.8128
0.66595
-0.88126
0.047488
-1.2336
-0.39281
-0.10529
0.46753
0.074323
0.58214
-1.1073
1.525306
1.0288
0.4202
0.091361
0.21968
-0.97741
0.4668
0.2328
0.15397
0.46949
0.34792
-0.13977
-0.0027682
0.44354
1.388
0.078322
0.047802
0.97462
0.23966
0.0050378
0.15024
0.6664379
0.46286
-0.42184
0.32799
1.0012
-0.19429
0.169
0.906
1.2788
0.28369
0.061942
0.44931
0.33212
0.4179
-0.43437
0.53255
0.045906
0.50875
0.28461
-0.17295
154.560
215.000
136.950
176.850
187.650
204.810
159.950
226.100
240.910
180.960
145.190
239.660
223.160
184.990
188.440
131.650
212.720
160.000
274.180
122.930
174.880
291.670
413.786
284.950
300.030
210.150
263.570
309.580
90.350
159.050
189.600
192.150
178.200
238.450
258.150
175.150
161.840
134.710
104.000
284.290
260.150
195.200
160.650
193.550
155.150
2.67130
2.78200
2.40150
3.76470
3.47860
4.33570
3.75280
4.05570
2.92830
3.29670
3.72820
4.11250
4.36640
4.47370
4.43890
2.54380
5.09300
4.16640
7.17430
2.50210
3.43160
5.27280
6.19680
3.92500
5.84730
4.77500
6.52590
9.59330
1.78790
5.00600
4.16260
3.29550
5.08620
5.40830
6.51870
4.92230
4.84420
4.65290
1.59660
4.62220
6.87400
3.96760
3.19090
3.63270
9.30840
Tmax , K
386.440
445.000
351.255
523.100
500.050
576.000
507.800
543.000
473.200
437.200
500.000
591.150
606.150
596.150
615.000
400.100
649.600
537.300
766.000
402.000
503.040
729.000
777.400
587.000
766.800
550.000
658.000
768.000
305.320
514.000
523.300
456.150
617.150
698.000
655.000
571.000
609.150
569.500
282.340
593.000
720.000
537.000
469.150
508.400
674.600
ΔHv
at Tmax
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
BrH
ClH
CHN
FH
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
130.22792
88.14818
100.15888
62.13404
102.1317
88.14818
163.506
37.9968064
96.1023032
48.0595
34.03292
30.02598
45.04062
46.0257
68.07396
4.0026
240.46774
114.18546
100.20194
130.185
116.20134
116.20134
114.18546
114.18546
98.18606
132.26694
96.17018
226.44116
100.15888
86.17536
116.158
102.17476
102.175
100.15888
100.15888
84.15948
82.1436
118.24036
82.1436
82.1436
32.04516
2.01588
80.91194
36.46094
27.02534
20.0063432
34.08088
88.10512
59.11026
104.06146
6.6828
4.2527
5.6735
4.292
5.033
5.438
5.0124
0.89107
3.7517
2.4749
1.9302
2.9575
5.8307
2.3195
4.4388
0.012504
15.97
4.7135
5.2516
12.916
7.0236
11.119
6.067
6.2857
4.9437
6.7011
4.8235
14.979
5.3802
4.3848
9.0746
7.035
9.591
5.5382
5.8213
4.249938
4.282053
5.9346
6.8856
6.0629
5.9794
0.10127
1.5513
3.4872
3.3907
13.451
2.6092
4.0385
5.6917
7.7143
0.6664
0.42014
0.85864
0.93726
-0.023028
0.60624
0.48381
0.48888
-0.33542
0.18492
-0.2029
0.098296
-0.62844
1.9091
0.82914
1.3038
1.977
-0.27964
0.51283
1.4923
-1.3652
1.3264
0.18619
0.3899
0.35428
0.38694
0.35765
1.89
0.52771
0.34057
0.8926
-0.9575
1.236
0.19854
0.44196
0.52336
0.5862582
0.41114
1.9737
1.1597
0.9424
0.698
-0.80615
2.1553
0.43574
13.36
0.47883
0.82698
1.2441
-1.0139
-0.4545
-0.17341
-1.1249
-1.0593
0.84791
0.20227
0.14204
0.69714
0.54636
-0.44199
-0.1946
-0.44035
1.0497
-0.21197
0.65339
0.28373
1.6751
-5.0003
-0.72757
-2.6954
-2.2318
0.89761
-0.10982
-1.3795
3.987
-1.1057
0.47762
0.17742
0.22149
0.24973
-0.060379
-2.0762
-0.4757
0.063282
-0.75172
3.1431
-1.359
0.47139
0.090968
-0.57323
-0.9710554
0.043753
-2.4886
-0.99686
-1.398
-1.817
1.1788
-2.9128
-0.56984
–23.383
-0.2233
-2.033
-1.0742
2.2898
0.12282
0.31792
-0.40021
0.36038
-0.16704
-0.77554
3.2641
0.33552
1.7098
0.78544
-0.33523
-0.01018
0.39603
-2.2545
0.36023
-0.26967
-0.19455
-0.2353
-0.26228
0.045749
0.71724
0.3242
-0.017037
0.34378
-1.8066
0.717
-0.31556
-0.15346
0.45101
0.8523437
-0.081964
0.99472
0.32547
0.8862
1.447
-0.070978
1.2442
0.36017
10.785
0.12903
1.4769
0.32331
-0.91517
180.000
140.000
204.150
125.260
199.250
145.650
167.550
53.480
230.940
129.950
131.350
155.150
275.700
250.000
196.290
2.200
295.130
229.800
182.570
265.830
239.150
220.000
234.150
238.150
154.120
229.920
192.220
291.310
214.930
177.830
269.250
228.550
223.000
217.350
217.500
133.390
170.050
192.620
141.250
183.650
274.690
13.950
185.150
158.970
259.830
277.560
187.680
227.150
177.950
409.150
5.46390
3.73840
4.45040
3.50010
4.53900
4.41400
4.29170
0.75083
3.69360
2.31740
1.89050
2.69310
6.17220
1.88650
3.27960
0.00966
8.59730
4.69820
4.31810
7.80040
7.64980
7.18220
5.16400
5.08510
4.32080
5.51330
4.15950
8.19340
4.49940
3.75320
6.47830
7.15090
6.46500
4.75590
4.70770
3.75440
3.73310
5.08670
4.44750
4.26690
4.52380
0.09131
1.81940
1.74720
2.79840
0.71043
1.97460
3.55340
3.74360
8.31300
583.000
489.000
567.000
499.150
546.000
500.230
559.950
144.120
560.090
375.310
317.420
420.000
771.000
588.000
490.150
5.200
736.000
620.000
540.200
677.300
632.300
608.300
606.600
611.400
537.400
645.000
547.000
723.000
594.000
507.600
660.200
611.300
585.300
587.610
582.820
504.000
544.000
623.000
516.200
549.000
653.150
33.190
363.150
324.650
456.650
461.150
373.530
605.000
471.850
834.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(Continued )
2-123
2-124
TABLE 2-69 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) (Continued )
Cmpd. no.*
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
Name
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
Formula
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
CAS
Mol. wt.
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
86.08924
16.0425
32.04186
73.09378
74.07854
40.06386
86.08924
31.0571
136.14792
68.11702
72.14878
102.1317
88.1482
70.1329
70.1329
66.10114
88.14818
104.214
68.11702
102.1317
80.5889
98.18606
114.18546
114.18546
114.18546
84.15948
82.1436
82.1436
115.03396
60.09502
72.10572
76.1606
60.05196
88.14818
100.15888
57.05132
74.1216
86.1323
90.1872
48.10746
100.11582
158.23802
86.17536
102.17476
58.1222
C1 × 1E-07
176.7855
1.0194
3.2615
6.8795
4.329
3.0066
6.2689
4.2834
5.8474
4.2709
4.233
8.223
10.165
4.5217
4.897
4.5822
4.4918
6.8872
3.1821
5.1299
4.4696
5.3789
7.7573
9.4404
9.4625
5.1137
4.2603
4.2081
4.8242
3.7592
5.2256
4.9455
4.7691
4.266
8.1495
3.2575
3.8148
2.7567
4.0063
3.0851
5.6613
10.53
5.0351
5.0003
3.9654
C2
16.29674
0.26087
-1.0407
0.012343
0.18771
0.25873
1.6462
0.90615
-0.6042
0.70788
0.95448
0.80923
1.4422
1.0678
1.1838
1.3506
0.32576
1.2703
-0.89979
0.10033
1.1838
0.71218
0.56959
0.8722
0.88768
0.98237
0.34248
0.43515
1.3456
0.64544
0.9427
0.78235
0.98928
0.37791
1.8479
-0.58542
0.38959
-1.6298
-0.17489
-0.29985
0.3132
0.7454
1.1424
0.42203
1.274
C3
C4
Tmin , K
ΔHv at
Tmin × 1E-07
–28.8053
-0.14694
1.8695
0.77544
0.33528
0.033435
-2.2795
-0.93138
2.1528
-0.67299
-0.98289
-0.70838
-1.6123
-1.1735
-1.2079
-1.6049
0.1124
-1.2699
2.8579
0.64085
-0.87047
-0.28902
0.7221
-0.33173
-0.39167
-0.90553
-0.088074
-0.24963
-1.5783
-0.46384
-1.0868
-0.56637
-0.98574
0.0037827
-2.1328
1.4307
-0.15805
3.0001
0.94886
1.4733
0.57076
-0.39297
-1.3269
-0.14687
-1.4255
14.522
0.22154
-0.60801
-0.4379
-0.17125
0.087053
1.0975
0.4776
-1.2871
0.43009
0.45719
0.32497
0.75941
0.55525
0.43353
0.71575
-0.067377
0.44562
-1.7826
-0.38359
0.056694
-0.014989
-0.86278
-0.10938
-0.057899
0.34878
0.13072
0.20811
0.61746
0.21809
0.55491
0.22052
0.42695
-0.001928
0.76628
-0.54833
0.15228
-1.1865
-0.44746
-0.89559
-0.46309
0.047214
0.62481
0.11507
0.60708
288.150
90.690
175.470
301.150
175.150
170.450
196.320
179.690
260.750
159.530
113.250
193.000
155.950
135.580
139.390
160.150
157.480
175.300
183.450
187.350
139.050
146.580
299.150
280.150
269.150
130.730
146.620
168.540
182.550
160.000
186.480
167.230
174.150
188.000
189.150
256.150
127.930
180.150
171.640
150.180
224.950
240.000
119.550
176.000
113.540
4.28480
0.87235
3.97480
5.97080
3.83890
2.56480
4.04870
3.09550
5.78260
3.46030
3.43450
6.57690
7.27510
3.46420
3.61390
3.20970
3.94480
4.96500
3.25930
4.58370
3.16280
4.45440
5.13430
6.16980
6.31440
4.10400
3.84130
3.63850
3.24190
2.98760
3.98780
3.90650
3.51240
3.56270
4.98940
3.22260
3.39970
3.74640
3.89410
2.99210
4.46890
8.11060
3.97590
4.30250
2.93300
Tmax , K
662.000
190.564
512.500
718.000
506.550
402.400
536.000
430.050
693.000
490.000
460.400
643.000
577.200
465.000
470.000
492.000
512.740
593.000
463.200
554.500
442.000
572.100
686.000
614.000
617.000
532.700
542.000
526.000
483.000
437.800
535.500
533.000
487.200
497.000
574.600
488.000
464.480
553.400
553.100
469.950
566.000
694.000
497.700
546.490
407.800
ΔHv
at Tmax
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F 3N
CH3NO2
N 2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
74.1216
56.10632
88.10512
74.1216
90.1872
46.14384
118.1757
88.1482
58.07914
128.17052
20.1797
75.0666
28.0134
71.00191
61.04002
44.0128
30.0061
268.5209
142.23862
128.2551
158.238
144.2545
144.255
126.23922
160.3201
124.22334
254.49432
128.212
114.22852
144.211
130.22792
130.228
128.21204
128.21204
112.21264
146.29352
110.19676
90.03488
31.9988
47.9982
212.41458
86.1323
72.14878
102.132
88.1482
88.1482
86.1323
86.1323
70.1329
104.21378
2.2708
4.3172
4.9563
4.2364
5.7015
2.0613
5.3293
4.0052
3.2566
5.093
0.19063
3.8821
0.74905
1.8859
4.7494
2.2724
0.94287
17.161
4.5173
7.888
12.126
7.5429
14.251
5.9054
6.6716
8.7405
17.264
5.7746
6.7138
12.626
7.2468
12.581
11.048
6.6142
5.4859
7.3618
5.367
7.7236
0.9008
1.7289
10.052
5.2373
4.5087
7.3197
7.39
8.8703
5.3818
4.451
3.5027
5.0573
-3.8183
1.5334
0.22568
0.25325
1.0015
0.33885
0.15144
0.19309
0.10042
-0.44584
-0.048268
-1.2495
0.40406
1.0917
0.1535
0.22278
-2.0627
1.7444
-1.1627
1.3126
0.82704
-1.5966
1.418
0.61039
-0.70869
1.5599
2.167
0.16524
1.0769
1.1753
-1.2464
1.3269
2.5722
0.58562
0.26207
0.63204
0.31607
-0.55914
0.4542
0.12106
0.37778
1.0132
0.95886
1.2093
-0.1464
0.90566
0.35111
-0.5483
0.3481
0.45827
6.7137
-1.9
0.45949
0.58114
-0.95589
-0.63279
0.15411
0.20658
0.26926
1.0348
0.11183
3.2285
-0.317
-1.4143
0.49623
0.29352
3.2659
-1.6657
2.3227
-1.3571
-0.42449
4.6489
-0.53849
-0.54533
2.636
-1.7205
-2.6262
0.095968
-1.0124
-0.835
3.6797
-0.69134
-3.7155
-0.40512
0.50642
-0.29459
0.073613
1.8363
-0.4096
0.088716
0.50709
-1.6348
-0.92384
-1.9114
1.4751
-0.67627
0.40264
2.1051
-0.19672
-0.22568
-2.7247
0.83816
-0.31541
-0.4757
0.38421
0.6454
0.066538
-0.010244
-0.0003252
-0.19528
0.25512
-1.8283
0.27343
0.76165
-0.38464
-0.13493
-1.0186
0.43242
-0.89716
0.5034
0.08636
-2.7229
-0.33162
0.30683
-1.6685
0.64325
1.0161
0.10146
0.37075
0.1489
-2.0665
-0.08027
1.7307
0.22144
-0.43873
0.063444
-0.040895
-0.85806
0.3183
0.10749
-0.46599
1.0473
0.39393
1.1591
-0.9208
0.3485
-0.42577
-1.3486
0.22394
0.16393
298.970
132.810
185.650
133.970
160.170
116.340
249.950
164.550
151.150
353.430
24.560
183.630
63.150
66.460
244.600
182.300
109.500
305.040
267.300
219.660
285.550
268.150
238.150
191.910
253.050
223.150
301.310
251.650
216.380
289.650
257.650
241.550
252.850
255.550
171.450
223.950
193.550
462.650
54.360
80.150
283.070
191.590
143.420
239.150
195.560
200.000
196.290
234.180
108.016
160.750
4.65420
2.92920
4.26690
3.73780
4.42340
1.90240
4.79340
3.60720
2.99980
5.09530
0.17706
4.54440
0.60243
1.46720
4.05640
1.66660
1.44210
9.52160
5.47060
5.25710
8.59240
8.24110
8.32860
4.92180
6.54750
5.46000
8.94580
5.17550
4.69860
7.96680
7.67930
7.57060
5.50930
5.20760
4.79270
5.90250
4.67380
6.56310
0.77419
1.63130
7.76350
4.12150
3.47660
5.38130
6.70050
6.48970
4.45330
4.22720
3.22320
4.43430
506.200
417.900
530.600
476.250
565.000
352.500
654.000
497.100
437.000
748.400
44.400
593.000
126.200
234.000
588.150
309.570
180.150
758.000
658.500
594.600
710.700
670.900
649.500
593.100
681.000
598.050
747.000
638.900
568.700
694.260
652.300
629.800
632.700
627.700
566.900
667.300
574.000
828.000
154.580
261.000
708.000
566.100
469.700
639.160
588.100
561.000
561.080
560.950
464.800
584.300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(Continued )
2-125
2-126
TABLE 2-69 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) (Continued )
Cmpd. no.*
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
Name
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Formula
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O 2S
F 6S
O 3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
CAS
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
C2
C3
C4
Tmin , K
ΔHv at
Tmin × 1E-07
104.21378
68.11702
68.11702
178.2292
94.11124
119.1207
148.11556
40.06386
44.09562
60.09502
60.095
122.20746
58.07914
74.0785
55.0785
102.1317
59.11026
120.19158
42.07974
88.10512
76.16062
76.16062
76.09442
108.09476
104.07911
104.14912
118.08804
64.0638
146.0554192
80.0632
166.13084
230.30376
198.388
72.10572
132.20228
5.4925
5.1346
5.4839
10.336
6.283
7.3079
18.461
2.8092
2.9209
6.8988
8.502
5.9068
3.3611
4
4.6242
6.4745
3.4054
7.2986
2.5216
5.7631
4.2077
4.4542
7.097812
6.2374
2.3637
8.6409
11.447
2.846
1.3661
0.8509
11.928
13.0705
12.007
4.0907
10.07
0.38608
1.3829
0.98943
1.0678
-0.64878
1.3522
3.6123
0.30398
0.78237
0.6458
1.474
0.44605
-0.27575
1.3936
0.12029
0.93113
-0.29885
1.2428
0.33721
0.70122
0.33823
0.31385
-0.5348227
0.73316
0.32997
1.8893
-0.04418
-0.24905
-1.1465
-7.1061
-0.063031
1.329955
1.445
0.12318
1.994
0.12415
-1.6264
-0.46159
-1.0693
2.4219
-1.6409
-5.1111
0.017572
-0.77319
-0.5384
-1.878
-0.18075
0.66467
-2.9465
0.62187
-0.65971
0.72173
-1.361
-0.18399
-0.15754
0.2503
0.30517
1.770112
-1.3874
0.055931
-2.1943
1.1282
0.62158
1.5442
11.558
0.89651
-1.300762
-1.3846
0.46123
-2.5052
-0.13245
0.67069
-0.064298
0.39121
-1.4972
0.66839
1.9668
0.10232
0.39246
0.3317
0.933
0.13426
197.450
167.450
163.830
372.380
314.060
243.150
404.150
136.870
85.470
146.950
185.258
199.000
165.000
252.450
180.370
178.150
188.360
173.550
87.890
180.250
142.610
159.950
213.150
388.850
186.350
242.540
460.850
197.670
223.150
289.950
700.150
329.350
279.010
164.650
237.380
4.65540
3.49690
3.99170
7.05940
5.77350
4.95580
6.24970
2.44810
2.47870
5.83560
5.61950
5.07850
3.43940
3.09220
4.16430
4.85340
3.46570
5.46050
2.31770
4.44670
3.70860
3.88960
7.23780
4.92650
1.48720
4.92460
8.50610
2.79080
1.62200
4.41460
7.16890
8.42870
7.33360
3.74660
6.02700
1.794
-0.48327
0.17587
-0.080173
0.56435
0.22377
-0.11477
-0.21085
-0.24568
-0.9904166
1.0391
-0.011041
0.81388
-0.67562
-0.020421
-0.15766
-4.483
-0.5152
0.5044183
0.42836
-0.23807
1.0593
Tmax , K
598.000
481.200
519.000
869.000
694.250
653.000
791.000
394.000
369.830
536.800
508.300
636.000
503.600
600.810
561.300
549.730
496.950
638.350
364.850
538.000
517.000
536.600
626.000
683.000
259.000
636.000
838.000
430.750
318.690
490.850
883.600
857.000
693.000
540.150
720.000
ΔHv
at Tmax
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
88.17132
114.22852
84.13956
92.13842
133.40422
184.36142
101.19
59.11026
120.19158
120.19158
114.22852
114.22852
213.10452
227.1311
156.30826
172.30766
86.08924
52.07456
62.49822
161.48972
18.01528
106.165
106.165
106.165
5.2918
3.8116
5.2472
5.4643
4.1283
11.72
4.6139
5.1056
7.0138
7.8955
5.935
6.0778
10.688
1.9497
10.136
8.7274
4.6643
3.649
4.2629
4.3817
5.66
6.493
6.5393
6.6475
0.57615
-0.60048
0.78829
0.76764
-0.34796
1.6004
0.41881
1.6568
1.0377
1.513
1.1967
1.207
0.38045
-8.4859
1.5084
-1.5834
0.50913
0.4
1.0111
0.26434
0.612041
1.0653
0.98813
1.1739
-0.32236
1.6501
-0.47503
-0.62056
1.0118
-1.6689
-0.23744
-1.6244
-1.1841
-1.9061
-1.2686
-1.3449
-0.00074017
17.865
-1.473
5.0913
-0.55117
0.043
-0.48757
0.034522
-0.625697
-1.1205
-0.91617
-1.2812
0.15218
-0.73052
0.098333
0.25935
-0.32712
0.56396
0.20257
0.41985
0.56211
0.85016
0.51652
0.58
0.0003222
–10.196
0.44521
-3.2171
0.45397
-0.045787
0.071549
0.398804
0.48226
0.35023
0.54229
176.990
373.960
234.940
178.180
236.500
267.760
158.450
156.080
247.790
229.330
165.780
172.220
398.400
354.000
247.570
288.450
180.350
173.150
119.360
178.350
273.160
225.300
247.980
286.410
4.49330
3.17800
3.81710
4.40060
4.13030
6.97470
4.05710
3.08740
5.12030
5.22830
4.34440
4.47800
8.39050
8.84860
6.19520
8.90070
3.97880
2.98760
3.21450
3.91430
4.49810
4.68030
4.65030
4.30350
631.950
568.000
579.350
591.750
602.000
675.000
535.150
433.250
664.500
649.100
543.800
573.500
846.000
828.000
639.000
703.900
519.130
454.000
432.000
543.150
647.096
617.000
630.300
616.200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The heat of vaporization ΔHv is calculated by
2
ΔHv = C1(1 - Tr)(C2+C3Tr+C4Tr )
where Tr = T/TC, TC is the critical temperature from Table 2-106, ΔHv is in J/kmol, and T is in K.
All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016 AIChE, and reproduced
with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts, and N. F. Giles, DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure
Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York NY (2016).
2-127
2-128
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
SPECIFIC HEATS
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUnDS
Unit Conversions For this subsection, the following unit conversions are
applicable: °F = 9⁄5°C + 32 and °R = 1.8 K. To convert calories per gram-kelvin
to British thermal units (Btu) per pound-degree Rankine, multiply by 1.0.
To convert kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin to British thermal units per pounddegree Rankine, multiply by 0.2388.
Additional References Additional data are contained in the subsection “Thermodynamic Properties.” Data on water are also contained in that
subsection.
TABLE 2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds*
Substance
Aluminum1
Al
AlBr3
AlCl3
AlCl3⋅6H2O
AlF3
AlF3⋅3½H2O
AlF3⋅3NaF
AlI3
Al2O3
Al2O3⋅SiO2
3Al2O3⋅2SiO2
4Al2O3⋅3SiO2
Al2(SO4)3
Al2(SO4)3⋅18H2O
Antimony
Sb
SbBr3
SbCl3
Sb2O3
Sb2O4
Sb2S3
Argon2
A
Arsenic
As
AsCl3
As2O3
As2S3
Barium
BaCl2
BaCl2⋅H2O
BaCl2⋅2H2O
Ba(ClO3)2⋅H2O
BaCO3
State
†
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0°C = 273.1 K),
cal/(mol⋅K)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
273–931
931–1273
273–370
370–407
273–465
465–504
288–327
288–326
288–326
273–1273
1273–1373
273–464
464–480
273–1973
273–1573
273–1673
273–1573
273–576
273–575
273–373
288–325
1
5
3
5
3
3
?
?
?
2
?
3
5
3
3
2
3
5
3
?
?
c
l
c
l
c
l
c
c
c
c
l
c
l
c
c, sillimanite
c, disthene
c, andalusite
c, mullite
c
c
c
4.80 + 0.00322T
7.00
18.74 + 0.01866T
29.5
13.25 + 0.02800T
31.2
76
19.3
50.5
38.63 + 0.04760T - 449200/T 2
142
16.88 + 0.02266T
28.8
22.08 + 0.008971T - 522500/T 2
40.79 + 0.004763T - 992800/T 2
41.81 + 0.005283T - 1211000/T 2
43.96 + 0.001923T - 1086000/T 2
59.65 + 0.0670T
113.2 + 0.0652T
63.5
235
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
5.51 + 0.00178T
7.15
17.2 + 0.0293T
10.3 + 0.0511T
19.1 + 0.0171T
22.6 + 0.0162T
24.2 + 0.0132T
273–903
903–1273
273–370
273–346
273–929
273–1198
273–821
2
5
?
?
?
?
?
g
4.97
All
0
c
l
c
c
5.17 + 0.00234T
31.9
8.37 + 0.0486T
25.8
273–1168
286–371
273–548
293–373
5
?
?
?
c
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
17.0 + 0.00334T
28.2
37.3
51
17.26 + 0.0131T
30.0
34
39.8
21.35 + 0.0141T
273–1198
273–307
273–307
289–320
273–1083
1083–1255
273–297
285–371
273–1323
?
?
?
?
5
15
?
?
5
BaMoO4
Ba(NO3)2
BaSO4
Beryllium3,4
Be
c
4.698 + 0.001555T - 121000/T 2
273–1173
1
BeO
c
8.69 + 0.00365T - 313000/T 2
273–1175
5
BeO ⋅ Al2O3
c
25.4
273–373
?
BeSO4
c
20.8
273–373
?
*From Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 371, 1934. For a revision see Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 477, 1948. Data for many elements and compounds are given by Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960, for cryogenic temperatures. Tabulated data for gases can be obtained from many
of the references cited in the “Thermodynamic Properties” subsection and other tables in this section. Thinh, Duran, et al., Hydrocarbon
Process., 50, 98 (January 1971), review previous equation fits and give newer fits for 408 hydrocarbons and related compounds. Later publications include Duran, Thinh, et al., Hydrocarbon Process., 55, 153 (August 1976); Thompson, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 22(4), 431 (1977); and Passut
and Danner, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 11, 543 (1972); 13, 193 (1974).
†
The symbols in this column have the following meaning; c, crystal; l, liquid; g, gas; gls, glass.
SPECIFIC HEATS
TABLE 2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Substance
Bismuth4
Bi
Bi2O3
Bi2S3
Boron
B
B2O3
BN
Bromine
Br2
Cadmium
Cd
CdO
CdS
CdSO4⋅8/3H2O
Calcium
Ca
CaCl2
CaCO3
CaF2
CaMg(CO3)2
CaMoO4
CaO
Ca(OH)2
CaO⋅Al2O3⋅2SiO2
CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2
CaO⋅SiO2
CaP2O6
CaSO4
CaSO4⋅2H2O
CaWO4
Carbon5
C
CH4
CO6
CO2
CS2
Cerium
Ce
CeO2
Ce2(MoO4)3
Ce2(SO4)3
Ce2(SO4)3⋅5H2O
Cesium
Cs
CsBr
CsCl
CsF
CsI
Chlorine
Cl2
Chromium4
Cr
CrCl3
Cr2O3
CrSb
CrSb2
Cr2(SO4)3
Cobalt4
Co
CoAs2⋅CoS2
CoSb
Co2Sn
CoS
CoSO4⋅7H2O
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0°C = 273.1 K),
cal/(mol⋅K)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c
l
c
c
5.38 + 0.00260T
7.60
23.27 + 0.01105T
30.4
273–544
544–1273
273–777
284–372
3
3
2
?
c
gls
gls
c
1.54 + 0.00440T
5.14 + 0.0320T
30.4
1.61 + 0.00400T
273–1174
273–513
513–623
273–1173
5
3
3
5
g
9.00
300–2000
5
c
l
c
c
c
5.46 + 0.002466T
7.13
9.65 + 0.00208T
12.9 + 0.00090T
51.3
273–594
594–973
273–2086
273–1273
293
1
5
?
?
?
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, anorthite
gls
c, diopside
gls
c, wollastonite
c, pseudowollastonite
gls
c
c
c
c
5.31 + 0.00333T
6.29 + 0.00140T
16.9 + 0.00386T
19.68 + 0.01189T - 307600/T 2
14.7 + 0.00380T
40.1
33
10.00 + 0.00484T - 108000/T 2
21.4
63.13 + 0.01500T - 1537000/T 2
67.41 + 0.01048T - 1874000/T 2
54.46 + 0.005746T - 1500000/T 2
51.68 + 0.009724T - 1308000/T 2
27.95 + 0.002056T - 745600/T 2
25.48 + 0.004132T - 488100/T 2
23.16 + 0.009672T - 487100/T 2
39.5
18.52 + 0.02197T - 156800/T 2
46.8
27.9
273–673
673–873
273–1055
273–1033
273–1651
299–372
273–297
273–1173
276–373
273–1673
273–973
273–1573
273–973
273–1573
273–1673
273–973
287–371
273–1373
282–373
292–322
2
2
?
3
?
?
?
2
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
5
?
?
c, graphite
c, diamond
g
g
g
l
2.673 + 0.002617T - 116900/T 2
2.162 + 0.003059T - 130300/T 2
5.34 + 0.0115T
6.60 + 0.00120T
10.34 + 0.00274T - 195500/T 2
18.4
273–1373
273–1313
273–1200
273–2500
273–1200
293
2
3
2
1½
1½
?
c
c
c
c
c
5.88 + 0.00123T
15.1
96
66.4
131.6
273–908
273–373
273–297
273–373
273–319
?
?
?
?
?
c
l
g
c
c
c
c
1.96 + 0.0182T
8.00
4.97
12.6 + 0.00259T
11.7 + 0.00309T
11.3 + 0.00285T
11.6 + 0.00268T
273–301
302
All
273–909
273–752
273–957
273–894
3
3
0
?
?
?
?
1½
g
8.28 + 0.00056T
273–2000
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
4.84 + 0.00295T
9.70
23
26.0 + 0.00400T
12.3 + 0.00120T
19.2 + 0.00184T
67.4
273–1823
1823–1923
286–319
273–2263
273–1383
273–949
273–373
5
10
?
?
?
?
?
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
5.12 + 0.00333T
8.40
32.9
11.7 + 0.00156T
15.83 + 0.00950T
10.6 + 0.00251T
96
273–1763
1763–1873
283–373
273–1464
273–903
273–1373
286–303
5
5
?
?
2
?
?
(Continued )
2-129
2-130
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Substance
Copper7
Cu
CuAl
CuAl2
Cu3Al
CuI
CuI2
CuO
CuO⋅SiO2⋅H2O
CuS
Cu2S
CuS⋅FeS
Cu2Sb
Cu2Sb
Cu2Se
Cu3Si
CuSO4
CuSO4⋅H2O
CuSO4⋅3H2O
CuSO4⋅5H2O
Fluorine8
F2
Gallium
Ga2O3
Ga2(SO4)3
Germanium4
Ge
Gold
Au
AuSb2
Helium9
He
Hydrogen10
H
H2
HBr
HCl
HI
H2O
H2S
H2S2O7
Indium
In
Iodine
I2
Iridium
Ir
Iron4
Fe
FeAs2
Fe3C
FeCO3
FeO
Fe2O3
Fe3O4
Fe2O3⋅3H2O
FeS
FeS2
FeSi
Fe2SiO4
FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3
FeSO4⋅4H2O
FeSO4⋅7H2O
Krypton
Kr
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0°C = 273.1 K),
cal/(mol⋅K)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
273–1357
1357–1573
273–733
273–773
273–775
273–675
274–328
273–810
293–323
273–1273
273–376
376–1173
292–321
273–573
273–693
273–383
383–488
273–1135
282
282
282
282
1
3
2
2
2
?
?
2
?
?
3
2
?
2
2
5
5
?
?
?
?
?
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
c
c
5.44 + 0.001462T
7.50
9.88 + 0.00500T
16.78 + 0.00366T
19.61 + 0.01054T
12.1 + 0.00286T
20.1
10.87 + 0.003576T - 150600/T 2
29
10.6 + 0.00264T
9.38 + 0.0312T
20.9
24
13.73 + 0.01350T
21.79 + 0.00900T
20.85
20.35
20.3 + 0.00587T
24.1
31.3
49.0
67.2
g
6.50 + 0.00100T
300–3000
5
c
c
18.2 + 0.0252T
62.4
273–923
273–373
?
?
273–1336
1336–1573
273–628
628–713
2
5
1
?
c
c
l
c, α
c, βγ
5.61 + 0.00144T
7.00
17.12 + 0.00465T
11.47 + 0.01756T
g
4.97
All
0
g
g
g
g
g
l
g
g
c
l
4.97
6.62 + 0.00081T
6.80 + 0.00084T
6.70 + 0.00084T
6.93 + 0.00083T
See Tables 2-72 and 2-136
8.22 + 0.00015T + 0.00000134T 2
7.20 + 0.00360T
27
58
All
273–2500
273–2000
273–2000
273–2000
0
2
2
1½
2
300–2500
300–600
281
308
?
8
?
?
g
9.00
300–2000
5
c
5.50 + 0.00148T
273–1873
1
c, α
c, β
c, γ
c, δ
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
4.13 + 0.00638T
6.12 + 0.00336T
8.40
10.0
8.15
17.8
25.17 + 0.00223T
22.7
12.62 + 0.001492T - 76200/T 2
24.72 + 0.01604T - 423400/T 2
41.17 + 0.01882T - 979500/T 2
47.8
2.03 + 0.0390T
12.05 + 0.00273T
10.7 + 0.01336T
10.54 + 0.00458T
33.57 + 0.01907T - 879700/T 2
22
66.2
63.6
96
273–1041
1041–1179
1179–1674
1674–1803
1803–1873
283–373
273–1173
293–368
273–1173
273–1097
273–1065
286–373
273–411
411–1468
273–773
273–903
273–1161
293–373
273–373
282
291–319
3
3
5
5
5
?
10
?
2
2
2
?
5
3
?
2
2
?
?
?
?
g
4.97
c
All
0
SPECIFIC HEATS
TABLE 2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Substance
Lanthanum
La
La2O3
La2(MoO4)3
La2(SO4)3
La2(SO4)3⋅9H2O
Lead4
Pb
Pb3(AsO4)2
PbB2O4
PbB4O7
PbBr2
PbCl2
2PbCl2⋅NH4Cl
PbCO3
PbCrO4
PbF2
PbI2
PbMoO4
Pb(NO3)2
PbO
PbO2
Pb2P2O7
PbS
PbSO4
PbS2O3
PbWO4
Lithium
Li
LiBr
LiBr⋅H2O
LiCl
LiCl⋅H2O
LiF
LiI
LiI⋅H2O
LiI⋅2H2O
LiI⋅3H2O
LiNO3
Magnesium4
Mg
MgAg
Mg4Al3
MgAu
Mg2Au
Mg3Au
MgCl2
MgCl2⋅6H2O
MgCO3
MgCu2
Mg2Cu
MgNi2
MgO
MgO⋅Al2O3
MgO⋅SiO2
6MgO⋅MgCl2⋅8B2O3
Mg(OH)2
Mg3Sb2
Mg2Si
MgSO4
MgSO4⋅H2O
MgSO4⋅6H2O
MgSO4⋅7H2O
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0°C = 273.1 K),
cal/(mol⋅K)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c
c
c
c
c
5.91 + 0.00100T
22.6 + 0.00544T
86
66.9
152
273–1009
273–2273
273–307
273–373
273–319
?
?
?
?
?
c
l
c
c
c
c
l
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
5.77 + 0.00202T
6.8
65.5
26.5
41.4
18.13 + 0.00310T
27.4
15.88 + 0.00835T
27.2
53.1
21.1
29.1
16.5 + 0.00412T
18.66 + 0.00293T
32.3
30.4
36.4
10.33 + 0.00318T
12.7 + 0.00780T
48.3
10.63 + 0.00401T
26.4
29
35
273–600
600–1273
286–370
288–371
289–371
273–761
761–860
273–771
771–851
293
286–320
292–323
273–1091
273–648
648–776
292–322
286–320
273–544
273–?
284–371
273–873
293–372
293–373
273–297
2
5
?
?
?
2
10
2
10
?
?
?
?
2
20
?
?
2
?
?
3
?
?
?
c
g
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
l
0.68 + 0.0180T
4.97
11.5 + 0.00302T
22.6
11.0 + 0.00339T
23.6
8.20 + 0.00520T
12.5 + 0.00208T
23.6
32.9
43.2
9.17 + 0.0360T
26.8
273–459
All
273–825
278–318
273–887
279–360
273–1117
273–723
277–359
277–345
277–347
273–523
523–575
10
0
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
5
5
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, amphibole
c, pyroxene
gls
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
6.20 + 0.00133T - 67800/T 2
7.4
10.58 + 0.00412T
34.4 + 0.0198T
11.3 + 0.00189T
16.2 + 0.00451T
21.2 + 0.00614T
17.3 + 0.00377T
77.1
16.9
14.96 + 0.00776T
15.5 + 0.00652T
15.87 + 0.00692T
10.86 + 0.001197T - 208700/T 2
28
25.60 + 0.004380T - 674200/T 2
23.35 + 0.008062T - 558800/T 2
23.30 + 0.007734T - 542000/T 2
58.7 + 0.408T
107.2 + 0.2876T
18.2
28.2 + 0.00560T
15.4 + 0.00415T
26.7
33
80
89
273–923
923–1048
273–905
273–736
273–1433
273–1073
273–1103
273–991
292–342
290
273–903
273–843
273–903
273–2073
288–319
273–1373
273–773
273–973
273–538
538–623
292–323
273–1234
273–1343
296–372
282
282
291–319
1
10
2
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
3
?
2
2
?
1
1
1
5
5
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
(Continued )
2-131
2-132
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0°C = 273.1 K),
cal/(mol⋅K)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c, α
c, β
c, γ
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
3.76 + 0.00747T
5.06 + 0.00395T
4.80 + 0.00422T
11.0
16.2 + 0.00520T
7.79 + 0.0421T + 0.0000090T 2
7.43 + 0.01038T - 0.00000362T 2
10.33 + 0.0530T - 0.0000257T 2
19.25 + 0.0538T - 0.0000209T 2
1.92 + 0.0471T - 0.0000297T 2
31
10.21 + 0.00656T - 0.00000242T 2
27.5
78
273–1108
1108–1317
1317–1493
1493–1673
273–923
273–773
273–1923
273–1173
273–1773
273–773
291–322
273–1883
293–373
290–319
5
5
5
10
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
l
g
g
c
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
6.61
4.97
9.00
11.05 + 0.00370T
15.3 + 0.0103T
25
11.4 + 0.00461T
17.4 + 0.004001T
20.2
11.5
10.9 + 0.00365T
31.0
273–630
All
300–2000
273–798
273–553
285–319
273–563
273–403
403–523
278–371
273–853
273–307
1
0
5
?
?
?
?
3
3
?
?
?
c
c
c
5.69 + 0.00188T - 50300/T 2
15.1 + 0.0121T
19.7 + 0.00315T
273–1773
273–1068
273–729
5
?
?
g
4.97
All
0
c, α
c, β
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
4.26 + 0.00640T
6.99 + 0.000905T
8.55
11.3 + 0.00215T
9.25 + 0.00640T
15.8 + 0.00329T
10.0 + 0.00312T
20.78 + 0.0102T
33.4
82
11.00 + 0.00433T
g
g
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
g
6.50 + 0.00100T
6.70 + 0.00630T
22.8
9.80 + 0.0368T
5.0 + 0.0340T
17.8
31.8
51.6
8.05 + 0.000233T - 156300/T 2
300–3000
300–800
274–328
273–457
457–523
273–328
273–293
275–328
300–5000
3
1½
?
5
5
?
?
?
2
c
5.686 + 0.000875T
273–1877
1
300–5000
1
State†
Substance
Manganese
Mn
MnCl2
MnCO3
MnO
Mn2O3
Mn3O4
MnO2
Mn2O3⋅H2O
MnS
MnSO4
MnSO4⋅5H2O
Mercury11
Hg
Hg2
HgCl
HgCl2
Hg(CN)2
HgI
HgI2
HgO
HgS
Hg2SO4
Molybdenum
Mo
MoO3
MoS2
Neon12
Ne
Nickel4
Ni
NiO
NiS
Ni2Si
NiSi
Ni3Sn
NiSO4
NiSO4⋅6H2O
NiTe
Nitrogen13
N2
NH3
NH4Br
NH4Cl
NH4I
NH4NO3
(NH4)2SO4
NO
Osmium
Os
Oxygen14
O2
Palladium
Pd
Phosphorus
P
PCl3
P4O10
Platinum4
Pt
Potassium
K
273–626
626–1725
1725–1903
273–1273
273–597
273–1582
273–1273
273–904
293–373
291–325
273–700
2
2
5
10
?
3
?
?
2
?
?
2
g
8.27 + 0.000258T - 187700/T
c
5.41 + 0.00184T
273–1822
2
c, yellow
c, red
l
l
c
g
5.50
0.21 + 0.0180T
6.6
28.7
15.72 + 0.1092T
73.6
273–317
273–472
317–373
284–371
273–631
631–1371
5
10
10
?
2
3
c
5.92 + 0.00116T
273–1873
1
c
l
5.24 + 0.00555T
7.7
273–336
336–373
5
5
SPECIFIC HEATS
TABLE 2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Substance
Potassium—(Cont.)
K
K2
KAsO3
KBO2
K2B4O7
KBr
KCl
KClO3
KClO4
2KCl⋅CuCl2⋅2H2O
2KCl⋅PtCl4
2KCl⋅SnCl4
2KCl⋅ZnCl2
2KCN⋅Zn(CN)2
K2CO3
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
KF
K4Fe(CN)6
K4Fe(CN)6⋅3H2O
KH2AsO4
KH2PO4
KHSO4
KMnO4
KNO3
K2O⋅Al2O3⋅3SiO2
K4P2O7
K2SO4
K2S2O3
K2SO4⋅Al2(SO4)3⋅24H2O
K2SO4⋅Cr2(SO4)3⋅24H2O
K2SO4⋅MgSO4⋅6H2O
K2SO4⋅NiSO4⋅6H2O
K2SO4⋅ZnSO4⋅6H2O
Prometheum
Pr
Radon
Rn
Rhenium
Re
Rhodium
Rh
Rubidium
Rb
RbBr
RbCl
Rb2CO3
RbF
RbI
Scandium
Sc2O3
Sc2(SO4)3
Selenium
Se
Silicon
Si
SiC
SiCl4
SiO2
Silver4
Ag
g
g
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
l
c, orthoclase
gls, orthoclase
c, microcline
gls, microcline
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0°C = 273.1 K),
cal/(mol⋅K)
4.97
9.00
25.3
12.6 + 0.0126T
51.3
11.49 + 0.00360T
10.93 + 0.00376T
25.7
26.3
63
55
54.5
43.4
57.4
29.9
35.9
42.80 + 0.0410T
96.9
10.8 + 0.00284T
80.1
114.5
32
28.3
30
28
6.42 + 0.0530T
28.8
29.5
69.26 + 0.00821T - 2331000/T 2
69.81 + 0.01053 - 2403000/T 2
65.65 + 0.01102T - 1748000/T 2
64.83 + 0.01438T - 1641000/T 2
63.1
33.1
37
352
324
106
107
120
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
All
300–2000
290–372
273–1220
290–372
273–543
273–1043
289–371
287–318
292–323
286–319
292–323
279–319
277–319
296–372
289–371
273–671
671–757
273–1129
273–319
273–310
289–319
290–320
292–324
287–318
273–401
401–611
611–683
273–1373
273–1373
273–1373
273–1373
290–371
287–371
293–373
292–322
292–324
292–323
289–319
293–317
0
5
?
?
?
2
2
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
5
5
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
10
5
10
1½
1½
1½
1½
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
c
g
4.97
All
0
c
6.30 + 0.00053T
273–2273
?
c
5.40 + 0.00219T
273–1877
2
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
3.27 + 0.0131T
7.85
11.6 + 0.00255T
11.5 + 0.00249T
28.4
11.3 + 0.00256T
11.6 + 0.00263T
273–312
312–373
273–954
273–987
291–320
273–1048
273–913
2
5
?
?
?
?
?
c
c
21.1
62.0
273–373
273–373
?
?
c
l
4.53 + 0.00550T
8.35
273–490
490–570
2
3
c
c
l
c, quartz, α
c, quartz, β
c, cristobalite, α
c, cristobalite, β
gls
5.74 + 0.000617T - 101000/T 2
8.89 + 0.00291T - 284000/T 2
32.4
10.87 + 0.008712T - 241200/T 2
10.95 + 0.00550T
3.65 + 0.0240T
17.09 + 0.000454T - 897200/T 2
12.80 + 0.00447T - 302000/T 2
273–1174
273–1629
293–373
273–848
848–1873
273–523
523–1973
273–1973
2
2
?
1
3½
2½
2
3½
c
l
5.60 + 0.00150T
8.2
273–1234
1234–1573
1
3
(Continued )
2-133
2-134
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Substance
Silver—(Cont.)
Ag3Al
Ag2Al
AgAl12
AgBr
AgCl
AgCNO
AgI
AgNO3
Ag3PO4
Ag2S
Ag3Sb
Ag2Se
Sodium15
Na
NaBO2
Na2B4O7
Na2B4O7⋅10H2O
NaBr
NaCl
NaClO3
NaCNO
Na2CO3
NaF
Na2HPO4⋅7H2O
Na2HPO4⋅12H2O
NaI
NaNO3
Na2O⋅Al2O3⋅3SiO2
NaPO3
Na4P2O7
Na2SO4
Na2S2O3
Na2S2O3⋅5H2O
Sodium-potassium alloys15
Strontium
SrBr2
SrBr2⋅H2O
SrBr2⋅6H2O
SrCl2
SrCl2⋅H2O
SrCl2⋅2H2O
SrCO3
SrI2
SrI2⋅H2O
SrI2⋅2H2O
SrI2⋅6H2O
SrMoO4
Sr(NO3)2
SrSO4
Sulfur16
S
S2
S2Cl2
SO2
Tantalum
Ta
Tellurium
Te
Thallium
Tl
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0°C = 273.1 K),
cal/(mol⋅K)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
273–902
273–903
273–768
273–703
703–836
273–728
728–806
273–353
273–423
273–433
433–482
482–541
293–325
273–448
448–597
273–694
273–406
406–460
2
2
5
6
5
2
5
?
6
2
5
5
?
5
5
5
5
5
273–371
371–451
All
273–1239
289–371
292–323
273–543
273–1074
1073–1205
273–528
528–572
273–353
288–371
273–1261
275–307
275–307
273–936
273–583
583–703
273–1373
273–1173
290–319
290–371
289–371
273–307
273–307
1½
2
0
?
?
?
2
2
3
3
5
?
?
?
?
?
?
5
10
1
1
?
?
?
?
?
c
c
c
c
l
c
l
c
c, α
c, α
c, β
l
c
c, α
c, β
c
c, α
c, β
22.56 + 0.00570T
16.85 + 0.00450T
58.62 + 0.0575T
8.58 + 0.0141T
14.9
9.60 + 0.00929T
14.05
18.7
8.58 + 0.0141T
18.83 + 0.0160T
25.7
30.2
37.5
18.8
21.8
19.53 + 0.0160T
20.2
20.4
c
l
g
c
c
c
c
c
l
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
l
c, albite
gls
c
c
c
c
c
l
5.01 + 0.00536T
7.50
4.97
10.4 + 0.0199T
47.9
147
11.74 + 0.00233T
10.79 + 0.00420T
15.9
9.48 + 0.0468T
31.8
13.1
28.9
10.4 + 0.00289T
86.6
133.4
12.5 + 0.00162T
4.56 + 0.0580T
37.2
63.78 + 0.01171T - 1678000/T 2
61.25 + 0.01768T - 1545000/T 2
22.1
60.7
32.8
34.9
86.2
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
18.1 + 0.00311T
28.9
82.1
18.2 + 0.00244T
28.7
38.3
21.8
18.6 + 0.00304T
28.5
39.1
84.9
37
38.3
26.2
273–923
277–370
276–327
273–1143
276–365
277–366
281–371
273–783
276–363
275–336
275–333
273–297
290–320
293–369
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
c, rhombic
c, monoclinic
g
l
g
3.63 + 0.00640T
4.38 + 0.00440T
8.58 + 0.00030T
27.5
7.70 + 0.00530T - 0.00000083T 2
273–368
368–392
300–2500
273–332
300–2500
3
3
5
?
2½
c
5.91 + 0.00099T
273–1173
2
c
5.19 + 0.00250T
273–600
3
c, α
c, β
5.32 + 0.00385T
8.12
273–500
500–576
1
1
SPECIFIC HEATS
TABLE 2-70 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Substance
Thallium—(Cont.)
Tl
TlBr
TlCl
Thorium
Th
ThO2
Th(SO4)2
Tin4
Sn
SnAu
SnCl2
SnCl4
SnO
SnO2
SnPt
SnS
SnS2
Titanium
Ti
TiCl4
TiO2
Tungsten
W
WO3
Uranium
U
U3O8
Vanadium
V
Xenon
Xe
Zinc4
Zn
ZnCl2
ZnO
ZnS
ZnSb
ZnSO4
ZnSO4⋅H2O
ZnSO4⋅6H2O
ZnSO4⋅7H2O
Zirconium
ZrO2
ZrO2⋅SiO2
1
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0°C = 273.1 K),
cal/(mol⋅K)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
l
c
l
c
l
7.12
12.53 + 0.00100T
16.0
12.56 + 0.00088T
14.2
576–773
273–733
733–800
273–700
700–803
3
10
10
5
10
c
c
c
6.40
14.6 + 0.00507T
41.2
273–373
273–1273
273–373
?
?
?
c
l
c
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
5.05 + 0.00480T
6.6
11.79 + 0.00233T
16.2 + 0.00926T
38.4
9.40 + 0.00362T
13.94 + 0.00565T - 252000/T 2
11.49 + 0.00190T
12.1 + 0.00165T
20.5 + 0.00400T
273–504
504–1273
273–581
273–520
286–371
273–1273
273–1373
273–1318
273–1153
273–873
2
10
1
?
?
?
?
1
?
?
c
l
c
8.91 + 0.00114T - 433000/T 2
35.7
11.81 + 0.00754T - 41900/T 2
273–713
285–372
273–713
3
?
3
c
c
5.65 + 0.00866
16.0 + 0.00774T
273–2073
273–1550
1
?
c
c
6.64
59.8
273–372
276–314
?
?
c
5.57 + 0.00097T
273–1993
?
g
4.97
All
0
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
5.25 + 0.00270T
7.59 + 0.00055T
15.9 + 0.00800T
11.40 + 0.00145T - 182400/T 2
12.81 + 0.00095T - 194600/T 2
11.5 + 0.00313T
28
34.7
80.8
100.2
273–692
692–1122
273–638
273–1573
273–1173
273–810
293–373
282
282
273–307
1
3
?
1
5
?
?
?
?
?
c
c
11.62 + 0.01046T - 177700/T 2
26.7
273–1673
297–372
5
?
See also Table 2-71. Data to 298 K are also given by Scott, Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1959.
For liquid and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1957 (Fig. 5), gives data from 400 to 2600°R.
4
See also Table 2-71.
5
For data from 400 to 5500°R see Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1975 (Fig. 4).
6
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
7
For data from 400 to 2350°R see Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1957.
8
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
9
For liquid and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
10
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
11
See also Table 2-71. Douglas, Ball, et al., Bur. Stand. J. Res., 46 (1951): 334; Busey and Giaque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75 (1953): 806; Sheldon,
ASME Pap. 49-A-30, 1949.
12
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960.
13
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960.
14
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960. Ozone: For liquid see Brabets and Waterman, J. Chem. Phys.,
28 (1958): 1212.
15
For data on liquid Na-K alloys to 1500°F and for liquid Na to 1460°F, see Lubarsky and Kaufman, NACA Rep. 1270, 1956.
16
See also Evans and Wagman, Bur. Stand. J. Res. 49 (1952): 141; Gratch, OTS PB 124957, 1950; Guthrie, Scott et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
76 (1954): 1488.
2
3
2-135
2-136
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-71 Specific Heat [kJ/(kg·K)] of Selected Elements
Temperature, K
Symbol
4
6
8
10
20
40
60
80
100
200
250
300
400
600
800
Al
Be
Bi
Cr
Co
0.00026
0.00008
0.00054
0.00016
0.00036
0.00050
0.00088
0.214
0.357
0.00541
0.00050
0.00085
0.0089
0.0014
0.0340
0.0021
0.0048
0.0775
0.00220
0.00029
0.00059
0.00140
0.00028
0.01040
0.00081
0.00121
0.0729
0.0107
0.0404
0.092
0.059
0.110
0.102
0.127
0.184
0.481
0.195
0.109
0.190
0.234
0.797
1.109
0.120
0.382
0.376
0.859
1.537
0.121
0.424
0.406
0.902
1.840
0.122
0.450
0.426
0.949
2.191
0.123
0.501
0.451
1.042
2.605
0.142
0.565
0.509
1.134
2.823
0.136
0.611
0.543
Cu
Ge
Au
Ir
Fe
0.00011
0.00024
0.00018
0.00047
0.00048
0.00037
0.00126
0.137
0.108
0.084
0.203
0.153
0.100
0.00061
0.00090
0.0076
0.0129
0.0163
0.0021
0.0039
0.059
0.0619
0.0569
0.00038
0.00086
0.00081
0.00255
0.00032
0.00127
0.0276
0.086
0.154
0.254
0.192
0.109
0.090
0.216
0.357
0.286
0.124
0.122
0.384
0.377
0.305
0.127
0.128
0.422
0.386
0.323
0.129
0.131
0.450
0.396
0.343
0.131
0.133
0.491
0.431
0.364
0.136
0.140
0.555
0.448
0.377
0.141
0.146
0.692
Pb
Mg
Hg
Mo
Ni
0.00075
0.00034
0.00417
0.00011
0.00054
0.00242
0.00080
0.01420
0.00019
0.00086
0.00747
0.00155
0.01820
0.00032
0.00121
0.01350
0.00172
0.02250
0.00050
0.00178
0.0531
0.0148
0.0515
0.0029
0.0058
0.0944
0.138
0.0895
0.0236
0.0380
0.108
0.336
0.107
0.061
0.103
0.114
0.513
0.116
0.105
0.173
0.118
0.648
0.121
0.140
0.232
0.125
0.929
0.136
0.223
0.383
0.127
0.985
0.141
0.241
0.416
1.129
1.005
0.139
0.248
0.444
0.132
1.082
0.136
0.261
0.490
0.142
1.177
0.135
0.280
0.590
1.263
0.104
0.292
0.530
Pt
Ag
Sn
Zn
0.00019
0.00016
0.00024
0.00011
0.00028
0.00035
0.00127
0.00029
0.00067
0.00093
0.00423
0.00096
0.00112
0.00186
0.00776
0.00250
0.0077
0.0159
0.0400
0.0269
0.0382
0.0778
0.108
0.123
0.069
0.133
0.149
0.205
0.088
0.166
0.173
0.258
0.101
0.187
0.189
0.295
0.127
0.225
0.214
0.366
0.132
0.232
0.220
0.380
0.134
0.236
0.222
0.389
0.136
0.240
0.245
0.404
0.140
0.251
0.257
0.435
0.146
0.264
0.257
0.479
TABLE 2-72 Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmol∙K)]
2-137
Eqn
Cmpd.
no.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
114
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
114
114
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
114
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Formula
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CAS
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
Mol. wt.
44.05256
59.0672
60.052
102.08864
58.07914
41.0519
26.03728
56.06326
72.06266
53.0626
28.96
17.03052
108.13782
39.948
121.13658
78.11184
78.11184
110.17684
122.12134
103.1213
182.2179
108.13782
136.19098
124.20342
154.2078
159.808
157.0079
108.965
94.93852
54.09044
54.09044
58.1222
90.121
90.121
74.1216
74.1216
56.10632
56.10632
56.10632
116.15828
134.21816
90.1872
90.1872
54.09044
72.10572
88.1051
69.1051
44.0095
76.1407
28.0101
C1
C2
C3
152.99
10,2300
13,9640
26,0050
13,5600
73,381
–122,020
103,090
55,300
109,750
–214,460
61.289
150,940
134,390
161,440
129,440
162,940
119,780
-5,480
66,950
156,130
–334,997
87,500
100,320
121,770
179,400
121,600
95,588
102,760
135,150
128,860
191,030
55.136
42.152
191,200
533,390
182,050
126,680
112,760
111,850
182,470
232,190
197,890
136,340
194,170
237,700
154,800
-8,304,300
85,600
65.429
598.64
128.7
-320.8
-565.43
-177
60.042
3082.7
-247.8
300
-108.61
9185.1
80925
93.455
-1989.4
260.66
-169.5
-344.94
180.34
647.12
333.33
454.49
3644.21
480
346.89
429.3
-667.11
-9.45
-110.94
-230.08
-311.14
-323.1
-1675
314200
324580
-730.4
-4986.2
-1611
-65.47
-104.7
384.52
-13.912
-804.35
-491.54
-300.4
-532.38
-746.4
-239.75
104370
-122
28723
-0.89481
0.8985
1.1035
0.2837
-15.895
1.0343
0.35246
-106.12
799.4
0.23602
11.043
C4
C5
0.000689
0.027732
0.41616
-2651
0.64781
0.85562
-7.77514
1.0701
0.358
0.41864
0.51796
0.97007
1.015
12.5
280.19
517.35
2.2998
18.908
11.963
-0.64
0.5214
0.72897
2.7063
1.7219
1.0216
1.4286
1.829
0.68616
-433.33
0.5605
-847.39
0.00591102
-0.0001523
0.000032
-0.03874
1413.9
1449.5
0.000046121
-0.02
-0.037454
0.002912
0.000045027
-0.0023017
-0.0012499
0.60052
-0.001452
1959.6
0.000002008
Tmin, K
Cp at
Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at
Tmax × 1E-05
149.78
354.15
289.81
200.15
178.45
229.32
192.40
253.00
286.15
189.63
75.00
203.15
298.15
83.78
403.00
278.68
278.68
258.27
395.45
260.28
321.35
257.85
275.65
243.95
342.20
265.90
293.15
154.25
179.44
136.95
165.00
134.86
220.00
196.15
183.85
158.45
87.80
134.26
167.62
298.15
185.30
157.46
133.02
147.43
176.80
267.95
161.30
220.00
161.11
68.15
0.69743
1.47880
1.22130
1.91090
1.16960
0.87150
0.80208
1.06600
1.41150
1.01830
0.53065
0.75753
1.99780
0.45230
2.66490
1.32510
1.33260
1.66360
2.50420
1.53710
3.02180
1.89060
2.19810
1.84940
2.68680
0.77675
1.49600
0.88436
0.78152
1.10340
1.03330
1.12720
1.55900
0.62506
1.34650
1.38480
1.10150
1.13400
1.09860
2.26490
2.04920
1.63650
1.60030
1.14260
1.44700
1.69020
1.33980
0.78265
0.75774
0.59115
294.15
571.00
391.05
412.70
329.44
354.81
250.00
379.50
375.00
400.00
115.00
401.15
484.20
135.00
563.15
353.24
500.00
442.29
450.00
464.15
640.00
478.60
458.15
472.03
533.37
331.90
495.08
311.49
280.15
290.00
350.00
400.00
670.00
670.00
391.00
372.90
380.00
350.00
274.03
399.26
400.00
390.00
370.00
298.15
347.94
436.42
390.74
290.00
552.00
132.00
0.98820
1.75790
1.51590
2.14650
1.32710
0.94685
0.88530
1.58010
1.67800
1.22700
0.71317
4.18470
2.51530
0.67080
3.08230
1.50400
2.04380
1.99540
2.85720
2.21670
4.47000
2.76170
3.07410
2.64060
3.50750
0.75866
2.04670
1.01650
0.78955
1.22790
1.41480
2.22370
5.20450
5.24370
2.57210
2.66210
1.81030
1.50220
1.23220
2.65370
2.93540
1.93590
1.88440
1.37590
1.81880
2.60310
1.65880
1.66030
1.31250
6.47990
(Continued )
2-138
TABLE 2-72 Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmol∙K)] (Continued )
Eqn
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
114
100
100
Cmpd.
no.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
Name
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Formula
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
CAS
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
Mol. wt.
153.8227
88.0043
70.906
112.5569
64.5141
119.37764
50.4875
78.54068
78.54068
108.13782
108.13782
108.13782
120.19158
52.0348
56.10632
84.15948
100.15888
98.143
82.1436
70.1329
68.11702
42.07974
116.22448
156.2652
142.28168
172.265
158.28108
140.2658
174.34668
138.24992
4.0316
187.86116
187.86116
173.83458
130.22792
147.00196
147.00196
147.00196
98.95916
98.95916
84.93258
112.98574
112.98574
105.13564
73.13684
74.1216
90.1872
66.04997
66.04997
52.02339
C1
-752,700
104,600
63,936
-1,307,500
118,380
124,850
107,900
134,733
69,362
-246,700
-185,150
259,980
61,723
77,461
101,920
-220,600
-40,000
6,110.4
105,850
122,530
125,380
89,952
177,560
218,480
278,620
219,840
4,988,500
417,440
314,570
276,900
149,400
200,560
202,580
270,720
114,880
93,093
133,950
126,340
179,170
98,968
144,560
111,560
184,200
101,330
44,400
238,520
67.155
82,577
263,980
C2
C3
8966.1
-500.6
46.35
15338
-248.915
-166.34
-330.13
-176.332
215.01
3256.8
3148
-1112.3
494.81
111.51
-215.81
3118.3
853
600.94
-60
-403.8
-349.7
-196.63
-179.12
374.14
-197.91
140.41
-52898
-1616.5
-160.93
-371.23
-30.394
2.2851
-0.1623
-53.974
0.68074
0.43209
0.808
0.55966
0.034455
-7.4202
-8.0367
4.9427
0.0060467
0.007254
-0.0054367
0.8103
-9.4216
0.010687
-231.8
-491.44
-726.3
-259.83
187.25
183.97
-24.84
-94.63
-444.74
-62.941
-53.605
149.44
286
243.18
1301
-1038.4
105580
109.85
-1791.1
0.5946
0.9187
1.3377
0.95427
0.68
1.7344
1.143
0.65237
0.76723
0.11851
1.0737
0.9968
216.35
5.3948
0.95561
1.5774
C4
0.063483
-0.0010975
-0.37538
-0.004348
0.2314
0.48191
0.32
0.93009
0.23265
0.30617
-5.5
4.0587
310.21
4.3666
C5
0.008763
-0.0044691
-490.54
0.00023674
Tmin, K
Cp at
Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at
Tmax × 1E-05
250.33
89.56
172.12
227.95
136.75
233.15
175.43
150.35
200.00
285.39
304.20
307.93
177.14
245.25
190.00
279.69
296.60
290.00
169.67
179.28
138.13
150.00
189.64
285.00
243.51
304.75
280.00
206.89
247.56
229.15
1.27630
0.78095
0.67106
1.36170
0.97071
1.09560
0.74852
1.20870
1.12360
2.18950
2.32970
2.27400
1.49370
1.04810
0.90168
1.48360
2.13000
1.80380
1.15250
0.99559
0.98884
0.75136
1.71180
3.34740
2.94090
3.55210
3.53690
2.75410
3.33300
2.74660
388.71
145.10
239.12
360.00
298.15
366.48
303.15
319.67
308.85
400.00
400.00
400.00
425.56
253.82
298.15
400.00
434.00
489.75
356.12
322.40
317.38
298.15
431.95
481.65
460.00
543.15
503.15
494.00
512.35
447.15
1.63740
0.80073
0.65739
1.81010
1.04680
1.21920
0.82076
1.35560
1.35770
2.55780
2.52430
2.57940
2.72290
1.05760
1.09610
2.03230
3.30200
3.00420
1.70720
1.35840
1.29530
0.89318
2.43340
4.26180
4.14780
5.90170
5.01740
4.11250
4.82970
4.26290
210.15
282.85
240.00
175.30
248.39
273.15
326.14
176.19
237.49
180.00
192.50
275.00
301.15
223.35
156.92
181.95
154.56
179.60
200.00
1.26950
1.35060
1.05320
2.54500
1.61390
1.60610
1.77110
1.19600
1.26010
0.95176
1.45590
1.52660
2.70330
1.55640
1.46980
1.57030
0.99146
1.02310
0.80424
381.15
410.00
370.10
450.00
400.00
528.75
513.56
330.45
356.59
320.00
361.25
369.52
541.54
328.60
460.00
322.08
359.98
283.65
250.00
1.47430
1.53500
1.17010
3.47040
1.89780
2.55060
2.48290
1.30010
1.38850
1.02650
1.65150
1.66780
3.39080
1.81240
3.32020
1.75790
1.68740
1.13740
0.89118
2-139
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
114
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
149
150
151
152
Diisopropyl amine
Diisopropyl ether
Diisopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
101.19
102.17476
114.18546
90.121
104.14758
54.09044
45.08368
86.17536
112.21264
112.21264
112.21264
94.19904
46.06844
73.09378
100.20194
194.184
60.17042
62.134
78.13344
194.184
88.10512
170.2072
101.19
170.33484
282.54748
30.069
46.06844
88.10512
45.08368
106.165
150.1745
116.15828
116.15828
112.21264
98.18606
28.05316
60.09832
62.06784
43.0678
44.05256
74.07854
144.211
130.22792
88.14818
100.15888
62.13404
102.1317
88.14818
163.506
37.9968064
37.9968064
96.1023032
48.0595
34.03292
98,434
163,000
179,270
187,790
199,930
88,153
-214,870
129,450
134,500
150,130
155,560
171,580
110,100
147,900
146,420
206,560
131,810
146,950
240,300
195,251
956,860
134,160
49,120
508,210
352,720
44.009
102,640
226,230
121,700
154,040
124,500
56,359
82,434
132,360
178,520
247,390
184,440
35,540
46,848
144,710
80,000
207,670
146,040
106,250
229,250
134,670
76,330
103,680
173,110
-94,585
1,724,400
148,640
65,106
141,790
429.04
-4.5
28.37
-313.41
-191.5
124.16
3787.2
18.5
8.765
-62.38
-145.26
-256.67
-157.47
-106
59.2
325.75
-380.06
-595
419.918
-5559.9
447.67
562.24
-1368.7
807.32
89718
-139.63
-624.8
38.993
-142.29
370.6
603.02
422.45
72.74
-518.35
-4428
-150.2
436.78
205.35
-758.87
223.6
-17.907
458.22
292.15
-404.54
-234.39
400.1
726.3
-697.18
7529.9
-59924
-202.58
103.44
-814.32
0.62
0.5375
1.1023
0.87664
-13.781
0.608
0.81151
0.8851
1.0932
0.5727
0.51853
0.384
0.604
0.016924
1.2035
1.013
-0.00084787
9.6124
3.1015
0.2122
918.77
-0.030341
1.472
–1886
0.0020386
0.80539
0.20992
0.64738
2.3255
40.936
0.37044
-0.18486
-0.0016818
-0.1697
2.8261
-0.003064
0.00026816
1.0493
1.1382
0.59656
-2.6047
3.7615
-139.6
537.85
0.66374
0.67161
2.2673
0.0040957
-0.005289
1.1301
-0.0074083
0
1.6179E-06
-0.0033241
0.000019119
275.00
187.65
204.81
159.95
226.10
240.91
180.96
145.19
239.66
223.16
184.99
188.44
131.65
273.82
90.00
274.16
298.15
174.88
291.67
413.79
284.95
300.03
277.90
263.57
309.58
92.00
159.05
189.60
192.15
178.20
238.45
258.15
285.50
161.84
134.71
104.00
284.29
260.15
250.00
160.65
254.20
155.15
298.15
298.15
204.15
125.26
298.15
145.65
167.55
58.00
53.48
230.94
129.95
131.35
2.16420
1.83990
2.07630
1.65860
2.01450
1.18060
1.19470
1.44950
1.83210
1.80290
1.66100
1.43550
0.98356
1.47670
1.56640
2.95870
1.31810
1.12760
1.52930
3.69010
1.53060
2.68470
2.05370
3.62920
6.22990
0.68554
0.87867
1.60680
1.29190
1.54260
2.12870
2.12030
2.20150
1.61090
1.46780
0.70123
1.71680
1.36660
0.98186
0.83031
1.36840
2.30150
2.82660
1.93350
1.94100
1.14670
1.95620
1.66860
1.38290
0.55414
0.57975
1.37260
0.79084
0.73946
357.05
341.45
410.00
337.45
366.15
300.13
298.15
331.13
392.70
402.94
396.58
360.00
250.00
466.44
380.00
360.00
298.15
310.48
422.15
559.20
374.47
570.00
407.90
433.15
616.93
290.00
390.00
350.21
289.73
409.35
486.55
466.95
428.25
404.95
301.82
252.70
390.41
493.15
329.00
283.85
374.20
510.10
417.15
326.15
386.55
315.25
410.00
320.00
371.05
98.00
56.00
504.08
337.78
285.70
2.51620
2.33750
2.81260
2.07550
2.47340
1.25420
1.37790
2.02240
2.63090
2.68700
2.69890
1.53400
1.03140
1.82000
2.56130
3.23830
1.31810
1.19590
1.69650
4.30070
2.22770
3.89330
2.78460
4.97260
9.31540
1.24440
1.64500
1.87960
1.33000
2.30750
3.04820
3.37940
3.01850
2.67980
1.87670
0.97582
1.82260
2.05980
1.14410
0.86932
1.63670
4.71570
3.37190
2.01530
2.42950
1.20070
2.40370
2.03580
1.92770
0.59663
0.55354
2.15180
1.40050
0.94206
(Continued )
2-140
TABLE 2-72 Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmol∙K)] (Continued )
Eqn
Cmpd.
no.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
114
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
114
100
100
100
100
114
100
100
100
100
114
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
153
154
155
156
157
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
Name
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
Formula
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
BrH
ClH
CHN
FH
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
CAS
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
Mol. wt.
30.02598
45.04062
46.0257
68.07396
4.0026
4.0026
240.46774
114.18546
100.20194
130.185
116.20134
116.20134
114.18546
114.18546
98.18606
132.26694
96.17018
226.44116
100.15888
86.17536
116.158
102.17476
102.175
100.15888
100.15888
84.15948
82.1436
118.24036
82.1436
82.1436
32.04516
2.01588
80.91194
36.46094
27.02534
20.0063432
34.08088
88.10512
59.11026
104.06146
86.08924
16.0425
32.04186
73.09378
74.07854
40.06386
86.08924
31.0571
136.14792
68.11702
C1
70,077
63,400
78,060
114,370
387,220
410,430
376,970
176,120
61.26
194,570
2,416,800
1,070,000
270,730
265,040
267,950
236,870
46,798
370,350
157,820
172,120
161,980
1,638,600
1,409,400
208,250
235,960
164,640
82,795
303,320
93,000
94,860
79,815
66.653
57,720
47,300
95,398
62,520
64.666
127,540
-32,469
138,790
146,290
65.708
256,040
62,600
61,260
79,791
275,500
92,520
125,630
135,370
C2
-661.79
150.6
71.54
-215.69
-465570
-464890
347.82
242.92
314410
-23.206
-26105
-9470
-399.89
-375.68
-1315.9
-158.01
761.13
231.47
157.44
-183.78
44.116
-17261
-12553
-107.47
-345.94
-200.37
283.4
-1009
326
254.15
50.929
6765.9
9.9
90
-197.52
-223.02
49354
-65.35
1977.1
121.24
-58.59
38883
-2741.4
243.4
270.9
89.49
-1147
37.45
279.75
-133.34
C3
C4
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at
Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at
Tmax × 1E-05
5.9749
-0.01813
0.00001983
155.15
292.00
281.45
187.55
2.20
1.80
295.13
229.80
182.57
265.83
239.15
220.00
234.15
238.15
154.12
229.92
200.00
291.31
214.93
177.83
269.25
228.55
223.00
217.35
217.50
133.39
300.00
192.62
200.00
300.00
274.69
13.95
185.15
165.00
259.83
189.79
187.68
270.00
177.95
409.15
288.15
90.69
175.47
359.00
253.40
200.00
196.32
179.69
260.75
159.53
0.55005
1.07380
0.98195
0.99486
0.10866
0.11352
5.30050
2.31940
1.99890
2.50870
2.35900
2.28350
2.35220
2.32420
1.81500
2.42290
1.73870
4.96020
1.91660
1.67500
2.25260
1.98210
2.04940
2.01850
2.05320
1.53540
1.67820
2.14950
1.58200
1.71110
0.97078
0.12622
0.59553
0.62150
0.70291
0.42875
0.67327
1.70310
1.46210
1.88400
1.59150
0.53605
0.71489
1.49980
1.29910
0.97689
1.49300
0.99249
1.98570
1.30350
253.85
493.00
380.00
304.50
4.60
2.10
575.30
426.15
520.00
496.15
448.60
432.90
480.00
490.00
430.00
460.00
372.93
560.01
401.15
460.00
478.85
460.00
412.40
460.00
460.00
404.00
354.35
430.00
344.48
357.67
653.15
32.00
206.45
185.00
298.85
292.67
370.00
427.65
320.00
580.00
434.15
190.00
503.15
538.50
373.40
249.94
353.35
266.82
472.65
314.56
0.72876
1.37650
1.05250
1.16090
0.29652
0.29952
7.68690
2.79640
4.06570
4.00650
3.87660
4.45840
3.23030
3.21630
2.75540
3.31310
2.43190
7.15210
2.20980
2.75340
3.45680
3.51970
3.98500
2.70870
2.76320
2.27060
1.83220
2.76390
2.05300
1.85760
1.31580
1.31220
0.59764
0.63950
0.71049
0.51186
4.91830
2.51140
1.66710
2.09110
1.88370
14.97800
2.46460
1.93670
1.62410
1.02160
1.90840
1.02510
2.57850
1.56620
0.72691
211800
135100
0.57895
1824.6
0.88395
110.03
33.004
1.0601
1.0024
6.5242
0.78982
-0.62882
0.68632
0.88734
0.709
71.721
40.991
0.2062
0.94278
0.8784
3.3885
0.043379
-123.63
0.3883
0.6297
22.493
0.82867
-7.0145
0.3582
-257.95
14.777
2.568
0.63868
-42494
3212.9
-2547.9
-0.19172
-0.0334
0.00011968
0
-0.011994
9.3808E-06
-0.12026
-0.04
0.00070293
0.000071087
-0.002762
478.27
-1623
0.0086913
614.07
-0.035078
0.000032719
2-141
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
72.14878
102.1317
88.1482
70.1329
70.1329
66.10114
88.14818
104.214
68.11702
102.1317
80.5889
98.18606
114.18546
114.18546
114.18546
84.15948
82.1436
82.1436
115.03396
60.09502
72.10572
76.1606
60.05196
88.14818
100.15888
57.05132
74.1216
86.1323
90.1872
48.10746
100.11582
158.23802
86.17536
102.17476
58.1222
74.1216
56.10632
88.10512
74.1216
90.1872
46.14384
118.1757
88.1482
58.07914
128.17052
20.1797
75.0666
28.0134
71.00191
61.04002
44.0128
30.0061
268.5209
142.23862
108,300
74,200
206,600
149,510
151,600
81,919
177,850
198,390
105,200
102,930
47,726
131,340
50,578
118,600
118,170
155,920
53,271
46,457
27,030
85,383
132,300
161,240
130,200
92,919
183,650
149,770
143,440
191,170
211,170
115,300
255,100
226,650
142,220
251,890
172,370
-925,460
87,680
71,140
144,110
179,850
113,470
76,822
134,580
73,600
29,800
1,034,100
187,740
281,970
101,400
116,270
67,556
–2,979,600
342,570
195,220
146
417.4
-761.14
-247.63
-266.72
181.01
-171.57
-220.35
191.1
129.1
338.4
-63.1
508.59
447.07
447.99
-490
327.92
346.93
413
199.08
200.87
-288.61
-396
324.43
-79.862
-529.82
-154.07
-331.04
-661.97
-263.23
-938.4
15.421
-47.83
-468.32
-1783.9
7894.9
217.1
335.5
-102.09
-264.1
421.6
90.833
184.7
527.5
-138770
-497.6
-12281
-682.11
-135.3
54.373
76602
762.08
378.71
-0.292
0.00151
2.5899
0.91849
0.90847
0.74379
0.76096
0.62516
0.8125
2.1383
-0.061547
-0.9597
0.78179
1.21
0.60769
1.3499
0.7255
0.98445
2.4216
0.60412
2.413
1.0578
0.739
1.2209
14.759
-17.661
-0.9153
-0.0015585
0.0019533
-0.0021383
-0.047909
0.013617
0.002266
0.00005805
0.58113
0.79202
0.011456
7154
1.0691
248
3.8912
0.345
-652.59
0.20481
0.029716
0.00095984
-162.55
-2.2182
1.8879
1.3841
0.0074902
113.25
321.50
155.95
135.58
139.39
298.15
157.48
175.30
200.00
277.25
250.00
146.58
300.00
300.00
300.00
130.73
200.00
200.00
250.00
160.00
186.48
167.23
174.15
298.15
189.15
256.15
127.93
180.15
171.64
150.18
224.95
240.00
119.55
176.00
113.54
298.96
132.81
300.00
133.97
160.17
298.15
249.95
164.55
151.15
353.43
24.56
183.63
63.15
117.00
244.60
182.30
109.50
305.04
267.30
1.23280
2.08390
1.50890
1.32820
1.32070
1.35890
1.69280
1.83150
1.43420
1.86780
1.32330
1.39550
2.03160
2.52720
2.52570
1.24920
1.18860
1.15840
1.30280
1.15660
1.49050
1.34840
0.97934
1.89650
1.90290
1.02630
1.35600
1.63480
1.58080
0.89393
1.66110
2.91280
1.47060
2.07280
0.99613
2.20160
1.05680
1.71790
1.40860
1.57870
1.13470
1.82200
1.54110
1.01520
2.16230
0.36664
1.32420
0.55925
0.74860
1.03820
0.77468
0.62287
5.94090
2.98570
310.00
481.50
404.15
304.31
311.71
305.40
343.31
510.00
299.49
415.87
325.00
320.00
441.15
438.15
440.15
366.48
348.64
338.05
350.00
280.50
373.15
339.80
304.90
350.00
389.15
366.00
310.00
440.00
357.91
298.15
373.45
518.15
333.41
372.00
380.00
460.00
343.15
390.00
312.20
368.69
298.15
438.65
328.20
278.65
491.14
40.00
387.22
112.00
175.50
473.15
200.00
150.00
603.05
465.52
1.70480
2.75180
3.22010
1.59210
1.56730
1.37200
2.06610
2.83940
1.62430
2.64740
1.57710
1.94350
2.74940
3.14480
3.15350
1.86820
1.67600
1.63740
1.71580
1.36380
1.75110
1.53440
1.21950
2.06470
2.44600
1.36680
1.65400
2.36100
1.86410
0.90520
2.41180
5.18640
2.08420
2.46630
2.07250
2.94550
1.45960
2.01990
1.68880
1.90140
1.13470
2.61760
1.99560
1.25070
2.88880
0.69796
1.55360
0.79596
1.01540
1.29490
0.78431
1.99090
8.76630
3.77960
(Continued )
2-142
TABLE 2-72 Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmol∙K)] (Continued )
Eqn
Cmpd.
no.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
114
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
Name
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
Formula
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
CAS
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
Mol. wt.
128.2551
158.238
144.2545
144.255
126.23922
160.3201
124.22334
254.49432
128.212
114.22852
144.211
130.22792
130.228
128.21204
128.21204
112.21264
146.29352
110.19676
90.03488
31.9988
47.9982
212.41458
86.1323
72.14878
102.132
88.1482
88.1482
86.1323
86.1323
70.1329
104.21378
104.21378
68.11702
68.11702
178.2292
94.11124
119.1207
148.11556
40.06386
44.09562
60.09502
60.095
122.20746
58.07914
74.0785
55.0785
102.1317
59.11026
120.19158
42.07974
88.10512
C1
383,080
224,336
10,483,000
1,510,000
254,490
265,350
253,580
399,430
171,960
224,830
205,260
571,370
1,115,100
300,400
289,980
509,420
240,040
42,642
63,131
175,430
60,046
346,910
102,000
159,080
145,050
201,200
883,630
194,590
193,020
156,100
188,200
213,760
86,200
68,671
103,370
101,720
60,834
145,400
66,230
62.983
158,760
471,710
201,400
55,679
213,660
121,750
83,400
139,530
174,380
114,140
75,700
C2
-1139.8
49.726
-115220
-12600
-298.06
-46.22
-366.3
374.64
383.28
-186.63
44.392
-4849
-9773.8
-426.2
-417.27
-4279.1
-33.198
886.67
199.92
-6152.3
281.16
219.54
389.95
-270.5
28.344
-651.3
-8220.5
-263.86
-176.43
-456.94
-140.84
-324.4
256.6
246.66
527.03
317.61
215.89
252.4
98.275
113630
-635
-4172.1
-450.6
406.13
-702.7
-149.56
384.1
78
-101.8
-343.72
326.1
C3
2.7101
0.9813
476.87
40.7
1.1707
0.79154
1.4881
0.58156
-0.059074
0.95891
0.8956
19.725
34.252
1.1172
1.2218
21.477
0.67889
-0.69315
113.92
0.65632
-0.32545
0.99537
0.6372
2.275
29.125
0.76808
0.5669
2.255
0.63581
0.9472
C4
-0.85381
-0.0386
0.79
1.0905
0.00056246
-0.021532
-0.03454
-0.044462
0.000035028
-0.92382
0.0027963
-0.02989
-0.003163
0.29552
633.21
1.969
14.745
1.7053
-0.50303
1.6605
0.47759
C5
-873.46
-0.014402
0.00000238
Tmin, K
Cp at
Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at
Tmax × 1E-05
219.66
285.55
310.00
238.15
191.91
253.05
223.15
301.31
251.65
216.38
289.65
250.00
241.55
252.86
255.55
171.45
240.00
200.00
462.65
54.36
90.00
283.07
191.59
143.42
239.15
200.14
200.00
196.29
234.18
108.02
160.75
197.45
200.00
200.00
372.39
314.06
243.15
404.15
200.00
85.47
146.95
185.26
199.00
165.00
252.45
180.37
274.70
188.36
173.55
87.89
298.15
2.63480
3.18550
3.50590
2.96270
2.40410
3.04340
2.45940
5.65110
2.64670
2.29340
2.93260
2.55500
2.65930
2.64060
2.63140
2.13270
2.71180
1.92250
1.55620
0.53646
0.85350
4.61650
1.64760
1.40760
1.88270
1.61980
1.65410
1.72390
1.82790
1.29390
1.81990
1.86640
1.37520
1.18000
2.99630
2.01470
1.30800
2.47410
0.85885
0.84879
1.07970
1.13280
1.79260
1.09000
1.42090
1.10310
1.88910
1.54220
1.80510
0.92354
1.72930
325.00
528.75
460.00
471.70
475.00
492.95
423.85
589.86
445.15
460.00
512.85
467.10
452.90
500.00
440.65
454.00
472.19
399.35
516.00
142.00
150.00
543.84
375.15
390.00
458.95
389.15
392.20
375.46
375.14
372.00
385.15
399.79
313.33
329.27
500.00
425.00
489.75
557.65
238.65
360.00
400.00
463.00
431.65
322.15
414.32
370.25
404.70
340.00
432.39
298.15
398.15
2.98900
5.24980
4.64940
5.71150
3.77050
4.34910
3.65660
8.22760
3.30870
3.41890
4.63580
4.15660
5.05560
3.66600
3.43350
3.20980
3.75730
2.86190
1.66290
0.90662
1.02220
6.60420
2.02490
2.04980
2.92280
2.92270
3.36360
2.03800
2.06610
1.80920
2.28270
2.35460
1.66600
1.49890
3.66890
2.36700
2.37450
2.86150
0.89683
2.60790
2.19800
2.71460
3.24630
1.34310
2.07560
1.31850
2.38850
1.66050
2.78060
1.08600
2.05540
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
76.16062
76.16062
76.09442
108.09476
104.07911
104.14912
118.08804
64.0638
146.0554192
80.0632
166.13084
230.30376
198.388
72.10572
132.20228
88.17132
114.22852
84.13956
92.13842
133.40422
184.36142
101.19
59.11026
120.19158
120.19158
114.22852
114.22852
213.10452
227.1311
156.30826
172.30766
86.08924
52.07456
62.49822
161.48972
18.01528
106.165
106.165
106.165
138,390
167,330
58,080
45,810
829,380
113,340
186,250
85,743
119,500
258,090
131,270
182,900
353,140
171,730
81,760
123,300
43,326
84,864
140,140
103,350
350,180
111,480
136,050
119,450
178,800
95,275
388,620
40,364
133,530
293,980
-1,360,200
136,300
68,720
-10,320
49,516
276,370
133,860
36,500
-35,500
-117.11
-319.1
445.2
368.33
-7331.5
290.2
247.8
5.7443
345.64
635.09
29.13
-800.47
455.38
-130.1
630.73
91.725
-152.3
159.3
-104.7
368.13
-288
324.54
-128.47
696.7
-1439.5
664.46
514.64
-114.98
10964
-106.17
135
322.8
420.35
-2090.1
7.8754
1017.5
1287.2
0.47059
0.8127
19.203
-0.6051
0.86116
2.8934
0.0013567
-0.0025015
0.6229
0.13243
0.695
1.0022
0.9913
0.83741
-1.3765
3.2187
0.0021734
0.96936
-20.86
0.75175
0.013055
8.125
0.52265
-2.63
-2.599
-0.014116
0.00302
0.002426
9.3701E-06
142.61
159.95
213.15
388.85
186.35
242.54
460.85
197.67
230.15
303.15
700.15
329.35
279.01
164.65
237.38
176.98
375.41
234.94
178.18
236.50
267.76
200.00
156.08
247.79
229.33
165.78
280.00
398.40
354.00
247.57
289.05
259.56
200.00
200.00
178.35
273.16
217.00
247.98
286.41
1.31260
1.37080
1.52970
1.89040
1.30000
1.67490
3.00450
0.86878
1.19500
2.58090
3.73270
3.92070
4.28310
1.07210
1.89860
1.19790
2.80110
1.13720
1.35070
1.41020
3.94000
1.85110
1.15250
1.99870
1.93380
1.82850
2.37910
3.05080
3.15710
3.24930
3.81370
1.59390
0.95720
0.54240
1.24490
0.76150
1.60180
1.73140
1.76970
350.00
340.87
460.75
683.00
253.15
418.31
591.00
350.00
230.15
303.15
795.28
609.15
526.73
339.12
480.77
394.27
426.00
357.31
500.00
300.00
508.62
361.92
276.02
449.27
350.00
520.00
320.00
475.47
475.00
433.42
523.15
389.35
278.25
400.00
363.85
533.15
540.15
417.58
600.00
1.55050
1.52990
2.63210
2.97380
2.04030
2.28160
3.32700
0.87754
1.19500
2.58090
4.06150
5.69770
6.07410
1.35460
3.00690
1.68830
3.12020
1.34550
2.37740
1.51140
5.56190
2.44710
1.32080
2.65260
2.36420
3.90950
2.57570
3.56290
3.77980
4.26240
5.35730
2.08920
1.06280
1.18800
2.02460
0.89394
2.90600
2.22690
3.25200
For the 11 substances: ammonia; 1,2-butanediol; 1,3-butanediol; carbon monoxide; 1,1-difluoroethane; ethane; heptane; hydrogen; hydrogen sulfide; methane; and propane; the liquid heat capacity CpL is calculated with Eq. (2-114):
CpL = C12/τ + C2 - 2C1C3τ - C1C4τ2 - C32τ3/3 - C3C4τ4/2 - C42τ5/5, where τ = 1 - Tr , Tr = T/TC, TC is the critical temperature from Table 2-106, CpL is in J/(kmol∙K) and T is in K.
For all other compounds, Eqn 100 is used. Eqn 100: CpL = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4. For benzene, fluorine, and helium, two sets of constants are given for Eqn 100 that cover different temperature ranges, as shown in the table.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016 AIChE, and reproduced
with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts, and N. F. Giles, DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure
Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York, NY (2016).
2-143
2-144
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-73 Specific Heats of Organic Solids
Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105
Compound
Formula
Acetic acid
Acetone
Aminobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Aniline
Anthracene
C2H4O2
C3H6O
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C6H7N
C14H10
Anthraquinone
Apiol
Azobenzene
C14H8O2
C12H14O4
C12H10N2
Benzene
C6H6
Benzoic acid
Benzophenone
C7H6O2
C13H10O
Betol
C17H12O3
Bromoiodobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Bromonaphthalene (β-)
Bromophenol
C6H4BrI
C6H4BrI
C6H4BrI
C10H7Br
C6H5BrO
Camphene
Capric acid
Caprylic acid
Carbon tetrachloride
C10H16
C10H20O2
C8H16O2
CCl4
Cerotic acid
Chloral alcoholate
hydrate
Chloroacetic acid
Chlorobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Chlorobromobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Crotonic acid
Cyamelide
Cyanamide
Cyanuric acid
C27H54O2
C4H7Cl3O2
C2H3Cl3O2
C2H3ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrCl
C4H6O2
C3H3N3O3
CH2N2
C3H3N3O3
Dextrin
Dextrose
(C6H10O5)x
C6H12O6
Dibenzyl
Dibromobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dichloroacetic acid
Dichlorobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dicyandiamide
C14H14
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C2H2Cl2O2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4N4
Temperature, °C
-200 to +25
-210 to -80
85 to mp
120 to mp
128 to mp
sp ht, cal/(g⋅°C)
50
100
150
0 to 270
10
28
0.330 + 0.00080t
0.540 + 0.0156t
0.254 + 0.00136t
0.253 + 0.00122t
0.287 + 0.00088t
0.741
0.308
0.350
0.382
0.258 + 0.00069t
0.299
0.330
-250
-225
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
20 to mp
-150
-100
-50
0
+20
-150
-100
0
+50
-50 to 0
-75 to -15
-40 to 50
41
32
0.0399
0.0908
0.124
0.170
0.227
0.299
0.375
0.287 + 0.00050t
0.115
0.172
0.220
0.275
0.303
0.129
0.167
0.248
0.308
0.143 + 0.00025t
0.143
0.116 + 0.00032t
0.260
0.263
35
8
-2
-240
-200
-160
-120
-80
-40
15
78
32
60
80 to mp
94 to mp
180 to mp
-34
-52
-40
38 to 70
40
20
40
0.380
0.695
0.628
0.013
0.081
0.131
0.162
0.182
0.201
0.387
0.509
0.213
0.363
0.228 + 0.00084t
0.232 + 0.00073t
0.242 + 0.00055t
0.192
0.150
0.150
0.520 + 0.00020t
0.263
0.547
0.318
0 to 90
-250
-200
-100
0
20
28
-36
-25
-50 to +50
0.291 + 0.00096t
0.016
0.077
0.160
0.277
0.300
0.363
0.248
0.134
0.139 + 0.00038t
0.406
0.185
0.186
0.219 + 0.0021t
0.456
-48.5
-52
-50 to +53
0 to 204
SPECIFIC HEATS
TABLE 2-73 Specific Heats of Organic Solids (Continued )
Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105
Compound
Formula
Dihydroxybenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
Di-iodobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dimethyl oxalate
Dimethylpyrene
Dinitrobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Diphenyl
Diphenylamine
Dulcitol
C6H4I2
C6H4I2
C6H4I2
C4H6O4
C7H8O2
C6H4N2O4
C6H4N2O4
C6H4N2O4
C12H10
C12H11N
C6H14O6
Erythritol
Ethyl alcohol
C4H10O4
C2H6O (crystalline)
(vitreous)
Temperature, °C
sp. ht., cal/(g⋅°C)
-163 to mp
-160 to mp
-250
-240
-220
-200
-150 to mp
-50 to +15
-52 to -42
-50 to +80
10 to 50
50
-160 to mp
-160 to mp
119 to mp
40
26
20
0.278 + 0.00098t
0.269 + 0.00118t
0.025
0.038
0.061
0.081
0.268 + 0.00093t
0.109 + 0.00026t
0.100 + 0.00026t
0.101 + 0.00026t
0.212 + 0.0044t
0.368
0.252 + 0.00083t
0.248 + 0.00077t
0.259 + 0.00057t
0.385
0.337
0.282
60
-190
-180
-160
-140
-130
-190
-180
-175
-170
-190 to -40
0.351
0.232
0.248
0.282
0.318
0.376
0.260
0.296
0.380
0.399
0.366 + 0.00110t
Ethylene glycol
C2H6O2
Formic acid
CH2O2
-22
0
0.387
0.430
Glutaric acid
Glycerol
C5H8O4
C3H8O3
20
-265
-260
-250
-220
-200
-100
0
0.299
0.009
0.022
0.047
0.085
0.115
0.217
0.330
Hexachloroethane
Hexadecane
Hydroxyacetanilide
C2Cl6
C16H34
C8H9NO2
Iodobenzene
Isopropyl alcohol
C6H5I
C3H8O
Lactose
Lauric acid
Levoglucosane
Levulose
C12H22O11
C12H22O11⋅H2O
C12H24O2
C6H10O5
C6H12O6
Malonic acid
Maltose
Mannitol
Melamine
Myristic acid
Naphthalene
Naphthol (α-)
(β-)
Naphthylamine (α-)
Nitroaniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Nitrobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Nitronaphthalene
41 to mp
25
0.174
0.495
0.249 + 0.00154t
40
-200 to -160
0.191
0.051 + 0.00165t
20
20
-30 to +40
40
20
0.287
0.299
0.430 + 0.000027t
0.607
0.275
C3H4O4
C12H22O11
C6H14O6
C3H6N6
C14H28O2
20
20
0 to 100
40
0 to 35
0.275
0.320
0.313 + 0.00025t
0.351
0.381 + 0.00545t
C10H8
C10H8O
C10H8O
C10H9N
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C7H5NO4
C7H5NO4
C7H5NO4
C10H7NO2
-130 to mp
50 to mp
61 to mp
0 to 50
-160 to mp
-160 to mp
-160 to mp
-163 to mp
66 to mp
-160 to mp
0 to 55
0.281 + 0.00111t
0.240 + 0.00147t
0.252 + 0.00128t
0.270 + 0.0031t
0.269 + 0.000920t
0.275 + 0.000946t
0.276 + 0.001000t
0.256 + 0.00085t
0.258 + 0.00091t
0.247 + 0.00077t
0.236 + 0.00215t
(Continued)
2-145
2-146
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-73 Specific Heats of Organic Solids (Continued )
Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105
Compound
Formula
Temperature, °C
sp ht, cal/(g⋅°C)
Oxalic acid
C2H2O4
C2H2O4⋅2H2O
-200 to +50
-200
-100
0
+50
100
0.259 + 0.00076t
0.117
0.239
0.338
0.385
0.416
Palmitic acid
C16H32O2
Phenol
Phthalic acid
Picric acid
C6H6O
C8H6O4
C6H3N3O7
Propionic acid
Propyl alcohol (n-)
C3H6O2
C3H8O
Pyrotartaric acid
C6H8O4
-180
-140
-100
-50
0
+20
14 to 26
20
-100
0
+50
100
120
-33
-200
-175
-150
-130
20
0.167
0.208
0.251
0.306
0.382
0.430
0.561
0.232
0.165
0.240
0.263
0.297
0.332
0.726
0.170
0.363
0.471
0.497
0.301
Quinhydrone
C12H10O4
Quinone
C6H4O2
-250
-225
-200
-100
0
-250
-225
-200
-150 to mp
0.017
0.061
0.098
0.191
0.256
0.031
0.082
0.113
0.282 + 0.00083t
Salol
Stearic acid
Succinic acid
Sucrose
Sugar (cane)
C13H10O3
C18H36O2
C4H6O4
C12H22O11
C12H22O11
32
15
0 to 160
20
22 to 51
0.289
0.399
0.248 + 0.00153t
0.299
0.301
Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid
C4H6O6
C4H6O6⋅H2O
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetryl
C2Cl4
C7H5N5O8
1 Tetryl + 1 picric acid
1 Tetryl + 2 TNT
C13H8N8O15
C21H15N11O20
Thymol
Toluic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Toluidine (p-)
C10H14O
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C7H9N
Trichloroacetic acid
Trimethyl carbinol
Trinitrotoluene
C2HCl3O2
C4H10O
C7H5N3O6
Trinitroxylene
C8H7N3O6
Triphenylmethane
C19H16
36
-150
-100
-50
0
+50
-40 to 0
-100
-50
0
+100
-100 to +100
-100
0
+50
0 to 49
54 to mp
54 to mp
130 to mp
0
20
40
solid
-4
-100
-50
0
+100
-185 to +23
20 to 50
0 to 91
0.287
0.112
0.170
0.231
0.308
0.366
0.198 + 0.00018t
0.182
0.199
0.212
0.236
0.253 + 0.00072t
0.172
0.280
0.325
0.315 + 0.0031t
0.277 + 0.00120t
0.239 + 0.00195t
0.271 + 0.00106t
0.337
0.387
0.440
0.459
0.559
0.170
0.253
0.311
0.385
0.241
0.423
0.189 + 0.0027t
Urea
CH4N2O
20
0.320
TABLE 2-74 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to a Polynomial Cp [J/(kmol∙K)]
Cmpd. no.
1
7
8
14
16
27
29
31
34
37
38
43
59
60
61
64
67
81
88
95
97
98
99
112
120
125
126
134
145
151
156
157
182
183
190
194
197
217
221
231
236
237
238
243
246
247
248
251
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetylene
Acrolein
Argon
Benzene
Bromoethane
1,2-Butadiene
Butane
1-Butanol
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
1-Butyne
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexanone
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
Diethyl ether
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Dimethyl ether
1,4-Dioxane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethyl mercaptan
Fluoroethane
Furan
Helium-4
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Isopropyl amine
Methanol
Methyl acetylene
Methylcyclopentane
Methylethyl ether
Methyl mercaptan
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
alpha-Methyl styrene
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitromethane
Formula
C2H4O
C2H2
C3H4O
Ar
C6H6
C2H5Br
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H6
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C4H8
C6H10O
C2H4Br2
C2H4Cl2
C4H10O
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H6
C2H6O
C7H14
C2H6S
C2H5F
C4H4O
He
H4N2
H2
C3H9N
CH4O
C3H4
C6H12
C3H8O
CH4S
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C9H10
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
CH3NO2
CAS
75-07-0
74-86-2
107-02-8
7440-37-1
71-43-2
74-96-4
590-19-2
106-97-8
71-36-3
590-18-1
624-64-6
107-00-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
287-23-0
108-94-1
557-91-5
75-34-3
60-29-7
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
115-10-6
123-91-1
74-84-0
64-17-5
1640-89-7
75-08-1
353-36-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
302-01-2
1333-74-0
75-31-0
67-56-1
74-99-7
96-37-7
540-67-0
74-93-1
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
98-83-9
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
75-52-5
Mol. wt.
44.05256
26.03728
56.06326
39.948
78.11184
108.965
54.09044
58.1222
74.1216
56.10632
56.10632
54.09044
108.13782
108.13782
108.13782
56.10632
98.143
187.86116
98.95916
74.1216
66.04997
66.04997
52.02339
46.06844
88.10512
30.069
46.06844
98.18606
62.13404
48.0595
68.07396
4.0026
32.04516
2.01588
59.11026
32.04186
40.06386
84.15948
60.09502
48.10746
58.1222
74.1216
56.10632
118.1757
128.17052
20.1797
75.0666
61.04002
C1
29705
30800
30702
20786
35978
27112
27400
17330
25300
39760
20908
25300
29002
16192
29090
31863
32182
20560
19560
26040
29736
27581
33851
25940
28345
31742
32585
34710
23014
30358
40860
20786
32998
64979
23590
30270
30810
35465
23337
31520
21380
17080
24970
37735
29120
20786
33055
38782
C2
C3
127.43
-53.08
80.95
-0.21793
0.384
0.191
-101.69
117.99
177.6
458.16
371.2
108.8
324.73
183.2
158.79
469.81
166
37.226
116.87
285.2
249.01
388
72.364
169.88
-20.966
178.46
88.3
26.567
87.4
304.96
271.36
62.839
-160.3
0.939
-5.2147
-788.17
310.42
84.64
35.8
147.38
309.03
60.1
271.2
381.7
211.8
112.94
82.88
89.54
-48.39
C4
C5
-0.816
-0.461
-0.411
0.635
-0.479
0.616
0.23616
0.547
-0.332
-0.22187
-0.268
0.228
-0.1581
0.17584
-0.186
0.446
0.12927
0.05
-0.084
-0.4427
0.1067
0.87
0.21379
5.8287
-0.274
-0.188
0.27
0.242
-0.285
-0.092
-0.199
0.846
0.964
0.238
0.413
-0.018459
2.164E-05
Tmin, K
50
50
50
100
50
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
50
50
Cp at Tmin
3.553E+04
2.911E+04
3.523E+04
2.079E+04
3.324E+04
3.891E+04
3.628E+04
3.820E+04
4.271E+04
4.520E+04
3.612E+04
3.446E+04
3.853E+04
3.849E+04
3.893E+04
3.431E+04
3.939E+04
4.576E+04
4.224E+04
4.477E+04
3.392E+04
3.568E+04
3.324E+04
3.440E+04
3.388E+04
3.339E+04
3.708E+04
4.975E+04
3.548E+04
3.377E+04
3.353E+04
2.079E+04
3.327E+04
3.797E+04
3.843E+04
3.403E+04
3.328E+04
4.344E+04
3.808E+04
3.453E+04
3.471E+04
3.567E+04
3.556E+04
4.550E+04
3.567E+04
2.079E+04
3.813E+04
3.740E+04
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
200
200
200
1500
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
1500
200
250
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
1500
200
200
4.647E+04
3.554E+04
5.453E+04
2.079E+04
5.320E+04
5.071E+04
6.292E+04
7.632E+04
8.110E+04
6.152E+04
6.941E+04
6.194E+04
8.616E+04
9.099E+04
8.693E+04
4.875E+04
7.744E+04
6.432E+04
6.049E+04
9.292E+04
5.333E+04
5.523E+04
3.669E+04
5.419E+04
6.385E+04
4.223E+04
5.207E+04
9.234E+04
5.958E+04
4.719E+04
4.360E+04
2.079E+04
4.051E+04
2.834E+04
7.471E+04
3.968E+04
4.877E+04
7.462E+04
7.374E+04
4.354E+04
7.194E+04
8.546E+04
6.733E+04
9.416E+04
8.426E+04
2.079E+04
6.048E+04
4.562E+04
2-147
(Continued)
2-148
TABLE 2-74 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to a Polynomial Cp [J/(kmol∙K)] (Continued )
Cmpd. no.
Name
253
289
290
294
295
296
304
310
320
321
322
324
331
Nitric oxide
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
Propylbenzene
Quinone
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
Thiophene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Formula
NO
C5H8
C14H10
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C9H12
C6H4O2
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C4H4S
C9H12
CAS
10102-43-9
627-21-4
85-01-8
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
103-65-1
106-51-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
110-02-1
95-63-6
Mol. wt.
30.0061
68.11702
178.2292
40.06386
44.09562
60.09502
120.19158
108.09476
72.10572
132.20228
88.17132
84.13956
120.19158
C1
34980
24330
27700
31690
26675
28800
22880
29668
36970
28560
41195
36765
35652
C2
-35.32
335.7
210
17.1
147.04
257
538.46
129.07
-12.28
225.1
-88.3
-112.82
323.89
C3
0.07729
-0.37
1.24
0.282
-0.35
-0.546
0.53105
0.444
0.616
0.942
0.862
0.305
C4
C5
Tmin, K
-5.7357E-05
1.4526E-08
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Cp at Tmin
3.216E+04
4.019E+04
4.130E+04
3.325E+04
3.403E+04
4.078E+04
4.844E+04
3.745E+04
3.747E+04
4.136E+04
3.914E+04
3.328E+04
5.261E+04
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
1500
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
3.586E+04
7.667E+04
1.193E+05
4.639E+04
5.608E+04
6.620E+04
1.087E+05
7.672E+04
5.227E+04
9.822E+04
6.122E+04
4.868E+04
1.126E+05
Constants in this table can be used in the following equation to calculate the ideal gas heat capacity C0p. C0p = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 where C 0p is in J/(kmol∙K) and T is in K.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016 AIChE, and
reproduced with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as “R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts, and N. F. Giles, DIPPR Data
Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties AIChE New York NY (2016)”.
TABLE 2-75 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmol∙K)]
Cmpd.
no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Formula
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CAS
Mol. wt.
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
44.05256
59.0672
60.052
102.08864
58.07914
41.0519
26.03728
56.06326
72.06266
53.0626
28.96
17.03052
108.13782
39.948
121.13658
78.11184
110.17684
122.12134
103.1213
182.2179
108.13782
136.19098
124.20342
154.2078
159.808
157.0079
108.965
94.93852
54.09044
54.09044
58.1222
90.121
90.121
74.1216
74.1216
56.10632
56.10632
56.10632
116.15828
134.21816
90.1872
90.1872
54.09044
72.10572
88.1051
69.1051
44.0095
76.1407
28.0101
153.8227
C1 × 1E-05
C2 × 1E-05
0.48251
1.06650
0.34200
1.29400
0.40200
1.36750
0.87998
1.66350
0.57040
1.63200
0.44346
0.84650
0.36921
0.31793
0.57019
0.91830
0.60590
1.37030
0.56303
1.09720
0.28958
0.09390
0.33427
0.48980
0.76370
2.93770
See Table 2-155
1.95810
1.70190
0.55238
1.73380
0.68950
2.32750
0.77594
2.64550
0.76820
2.26350
1.00990
4.48980
0.84115
3.14280
0.95210
2.88680
0.99192
2.96330
1.07590
4.21050
0.30113
0.08009
0.72100
2.06400
0.52310
0.89110
0.36241
0.69248
0.66964
1.09950
0.50950
1.70500
0.80154
1.62420
1.04780
2.54900
1.06600
2.57500
0.74540
2.59070
0.90878
2.55080
0.64257
2.06180
0.65121
1.43250
0.74296
1.34760
1.16840
3.76900
1.13800
4.45400
0.92478
2.77950
0.92367
2.51660
0.66492
1.07260
0.89240
1.56750
1.48800
1.35220
0.82142
1.32340
0.29370
0.34540
0.30100
0.33380
0.29108
0.08773
0.37582
0.70540
C3 × 1E-03
C4 × 1E-05
1.99290
1.07500
1.26200
0.80153
1.60700
1.63980
0.67805
0.76747
1.64750
0.91248
3.01200
2.03600
1.60510
0.78851
0.64000
0.70030
0.76076
0.96800
0.49487
0.33430
0.38554
1.04460
-0.44070
0.07580
0.22560
2.17000
1.32570
0.76425
1.51200
1.79250
0.74786
1.31100
1.95390
0.70207
1.55830
1.90410
0.75140
1.65040
0.81205
1.74540
0.83737
1.53240
0.84149
1.87760
1.96700
1.60730
1.89300
1.67680
0.85796
0.87025
1.95600
1.55070
1.68370
1.61090
0.79390
0.90190
1.14600
0.84021
1.42800
0.89600
3.08510
0.51210
-37.41700
0.72545
1.75160
2.23820
-0.67585
2.83950
2.57430
1.63850
2.21160
4.17850
0.10780
1.68700
0.67540
0.44781
0.68373
1.33700
1.05750
1.87500
1.95100
1.73200
1.85200
1.33240
0.89648
0.89116
2.81800
3.04970
1.59740
1.56410
0.74240
1.09840
-678.00000
0.67932
0.26400
0.28930
0.08455
0.48500
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at
Tmin × 1E-05
912.78
502
569.7
2310.1
731.5
761.47
3036.6
2375.4
751.49
1178.4
1484
882
751.2
298.15
100
50
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
250
298.15
50
100
300
0.54732
0.34481
0.40200
1.10440
0.60487
0.52233
0.44032
0.71326
0.69837
0.64356
0.28958
0.33427
1.13020
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1.29930
1.49970
1.57560
2.69700
1.88200
1.11990
0.75868
1.56240
1.74240
1.37940
0.34956
0.66465
3.02260
41.232
2445.7
697.9
835.9
896
627.4
850.06
2002.6
719.16
828.81
314.6
765.3
2809
793.32
2441.1
685.6
2476.1
833
860.5
712.4
832.13
757.06
2477.2
2463.4
811.2
708.86
758.68
739.2
-2458.4
2566
6.98
2313.7
588
374.7
1538.2
236.1
298.15
298.15
200
200
298
300
298.15
300
300
200
100
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
250
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
200
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
50
100
60
100
1.27450
0.82616
0.76894
0.81258
1.09070
1.80010
1.11980
1.55010
1.41560
1.14810
0.30901
0.76789
0.63800
0.42454
0.79668
0.57563
0.98586
1.26670
1.26790
1.07860
1.12570
0.75708
0.80241
0.87766
1.52810
1.26590
0.97140
0.97633
0.81441
1.02830
1.15330
0.97246
0.29370
0.31003
0.29108
0.47299
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500.1
1500.15
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
5000
1500
1500
1500
3.25010
2.41800
2.67390
2.97120
2.68100
4.93110
3.28800
4.34450
3.29570
4.55570
0.37938
2.46280
1.54570
0.90758
1.92080
1.95550
2.66050
3.02890
3.03110
2.85090
2.87300
2.28980
2.27180
2.28360
3.67240
4.84350
3.10080
2.96150
1.92210
2.67780
2.59050
2.28510
0.63346
0.61475
0.35208
1.06620
Tmax, K
Cp at
Tmax × 1E-05
2-149
(Continued)
2-150
TABLE 2-75 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmol∙K)] (Continued )
Cmpd.
no.
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Name
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Diisopropyl amine
Diisopropyl ether
Diisopropyl ketone
Formula
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
CAS
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-05
C2 × 1E-05
C3 × 1E-03
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
88.0043
70.906
112.5569
64.5141
119.37764
50.4875
78.54068
78.54068
108.13782
108.13782
108.13782
120.19158
52.0348
56.10632
84.15948
100.15888
98.143
82.1436
70.1329
68.11702
42.07974
116.22448
156.2652
142.28168
172.265
158.28108
140.2658
174.34668
138.24992
4.0316
187.86116
187.86116
173.83458
130.22792
147.00196
147.00196
147.00196
98.95916
98.95916
84.93258
112.98574
112.98574
105.13564
73.13684
74.1216
90.1872
66.04997
66.04997
52.02339
101.19
102.17476
114.18546
0.92004
0.29142
0.80110
0.52590
0.39420
0.36220
0.64710
0.61809
0.90974
0.79880
0.92021
1.08100
0.45894
0.50835
0.43200
0.90430
0.85860
0.58171
0.41600
0.48074
0.33800
0.54305
1.94250
1.67200
0.24457
1.69840
1.71010
1.93100
1.50450
0.30290
0.66622
0.74906
0.39100
1.61220
0.70000
0.69480
0.69780
0.63412
0.65271
0.36280
0.71450
0.78658
1.20800
0.91020
0.99953
0.91273
0.55477
0.57793
0.37540
1.13840
1.09300
1.08690
0.16446
0.09176
2.31000
1.40200
0.65730
0.69810
1.79800
1.80230
2.13210
2.85300
2.11060
3.79320
0.41286
1.64870
3.73500
2.57710
2.57770
3.17170
3.01400
2.51590
1.68940
3.99620
5.14030
5.35300
6.54600
5.39200
5.20890
5.48150
4.37940
0.09750
0.81703
1.27250
0.64800
4.47770
2.07460
2.08040
2.07800
0.83862
1.12540
0.68040
1.73440
1.74290
3.06600
2.67400
1.70380
2.41000
1.23610
0.89811
0.53510
2.57470
3.68300
4.05400
1.07640
0.94900
2.15700
2.03700
0.92800
1.80500
1.67600
1.54380
0.76324
1.47650
0.76622
1.75050
1.38120
0.82849
1.19200
0.78820
0.84895
1.54350
1.46170
1.58030
1.61350
1.35750
1.89780
1.61410
1.08990
1.56800
1.72650
1.60850
1.32910
2.51500
0.76285
1.98100
1.19400
1.68310
1.36640
1.36320
1.36350
0.76898
1.73760
1.25600
1.52400
1.71570
2.08900
1.71900
0.87072
1.66860
0.83501
0.84727
0.86687
0.73840
1.60570
1.78020
C4 × 1E-05
-5083.80000
0.10030
2.04600
0.99820
0.49300
0.44470
1.23300
1.18930
0.93355
2.04200
0.95073
3.00270
0.33023
0.86658
1.63500
1.30680
0.77780
2.12730
1.80950
1.74540
1.17680
2.56230
4.17520
3.78200
4.86420
3.93800
3.59350
3.74000
2.55570
-0.02750
0.40941
0.94370
0.42000
2.91800
1.59830
1.59400
1.59650
0.44030
0.87800
0.42750
1.22300
1.26270
2.34300
1.79260
1.07460
1.65200
-0.40972
0.43249
0.22998
1.62000
2.34200
2.97860
C5
2.3486
425
897.6
861.18
399.6
844.27
755.78
685.93
2474.5
664.7
2464.6
794.8
559.94
2472.4
530.1
1952.2
2401.5
701.62
668.8
718.37
722.8
618.54
859.95
742
424
720.5
782.92
754.75
632.01
368
2488.3
845.2
501
781.6
620.16
619.2
619.37
2533.2
795.45
548
674.2
765.1
891
794.94
2471.3
771.08
1033.4
2424.2
2437.2
2143
699
791.6
Tmin, K
Cp at
Tmin × 1E-05
298
50
200
298.15
100
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
200
298.15
200
273.15
298.15
100
200
298.15
150
100
150
100
300
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
298
100
298.15
200
100
200
200
200
200
298.15
200
100
150
200
298.15
200
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
300
298.15
300
0.61055
0.29142
0.82193
0.62879
0.40484
0.41193
0.84674
0.67679
1.24780
0.91584
1.25080
1.14800
0.54968
0.70636
0.43657
0.96478
1.14170
0.59782
0.41650
0.49182
0.33813
1.26440
2.37630
1.79670
2.52320
2.43540
2.23040
2.04340
2.19380
0.30195
0.79599
0.76345
0.39288
1.68410
0.82450
0.81978
0.82283
0.76395
0.67221
0.36369
0.72683
0.82172
1.41970
0.95017
1.16950
0.95673
0.67988
0.67730
0.42969
1.59950
1.56690
1.51020
Tmax, K
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500.1
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
Cp at
Tmax × 1E-05
1.04650
0.37930
2.53270
1.55080
1.00630
0.90655
2.09750
2.10230
3.21580
3.21630
3.21320
4.18080
0.81268
2.32330
3.65160
3.82510
3.47740
3.21320
2.92980
2.56190
1.72130
3.72360
6.04070
6.09320
6.10990
6.21860
5.87450
6.46130
5.27940
0.34251
1.56840
1.70410
0.95987
5.21450
2.51610
2.51610
2.51750
1.56330
1.57430
0.95430
2.16090
2.18940
3.46740
3.05190
2.92630
2.87240
1.54560
1.55140
0.94201
4.19410
4.05350
4.30930
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
90.121
104.14758
54.09044
45.08368
86.17536
112.21264
112.21264
112.21264
94.19904
46.06844
73.09378
100.20194
194.184
60.17042
62.134
78.13344
194.184
88.10512
170.2072
101.19
170.33484
282.54748
30.069
46.06844
88.10512
45.08368
106.165
150.1745
116.15828
116.15828
112.21264
98.18606
28.05316
60.09832
62.06784
43.0678
44.05256
74.07854
144.211
130.22792
88.14818
100.15888
62.13404
102.1317
88.14818
163.506
37.9968064
96.1023032
48.0595
34.03292
30.02598
45.04062
46.0257
68.07396
4.0026
1.15560
1.01130
0.65340
0.55650
0.77720
1.07760
1.10390
1.09910
0.78430
0.57431
0.72200
0.85438
1.39600
0.61453
0.60370
0.69490
1.14025
0.68444
1.09850
1.21140
2.12950
3.24810
0.44256
0.49200
0.99810
0.59400
0.78440
1.09440
1.04550
1.11500
1.10590
0.93177
0.33380
0.72860
0.63012
0.34300
0.33460
0.53700
1.57770
1.63400
1.09530
1.24000
0.60436
0.93700
1.13200
0.96993
0.29122
0.73393
0.49090
0.35193
0.33503
0.38220
0.33810
0.43673
See Table 2-155
1.83050
3.23930
1.61790
1.63840
4.03200
4.67180
4.64450
4.64010
1.43640
0.94494
1.78300
4.57720
4.78000
1.74380
1.37470
1.52400
5.36801
1.98020
4.34120
2.61270
6.63300
11.09000
0.84737
1.45770
2.09310
1.61800
3.39900
4.17940
2.31480
3.39100
4.63060
2.79330
0.94790
1.84360
1.45840
1.42700
1.21160
1.88600
4.40170
4.51190
3.00320
3.20000
0.87524
2.82900
2.94000
1.08780
0.10132
2.37390
0.88880
0.65344
0.49394
0.93000
0.75930
1.28390
0.95919
1.56110
1.78370
1.73410
1.54400
1.65400
1.69430
1.66790
1.58360
0.89551
1.53200
1.51810
2.19000
1.34180
1.64100
1.65140
2.08860
0.82793
1.62220
0.78956
1.71550
1.63600
0.87224
1.66280
2.02260
1.81200
1.55900
0.88375
0.71000
1.67050
1.66280
0.78650
1.59600
1.68800
1.67300
1.63800
1.60840
1.20700
1.74940
1.75320
1.79880
1.96700
0.78662
1.64800
1.82700
0.70467
1.45300
2.30860
0.83107
1.13330
1.92800
1.84500
1.19250
0.74699
0.99605
2.15010
1.02420
1.08990
2.50800
3.33970
3.39490
3.37360
0.87100
0.65065
1.31000
2.97400
3.97050
1.01020
0.79880
1.06580
4.13440
0.90830
3.64550
1.69030
4.51610
7.45000
0.67130
0.93900
1.80300
1.07800
2.42600
-1.60900
1.47100
2.51800
3.29900
1.64590
0.55100
1.19900
0.97296
1.03700
0.82410
0.86400
3.23780
3.10320
2.13110
2.34600
0.62622
2.15500
2.05500
0.55556
0.09410
2.45890
0.54120
0.15240
0.29728
0.69000
0.31800
0.47541
2826.3
689.3
821.4
793.04
649.95
792.5
798.35
781.97
730.65
2467.4
762
641.01
900.6
592.09
743.5
722.2
809.837
2447.1
743.62
2394.4
777.5
726.27
2430.4
744.7
928.05
820
702
1183.1
2061.6
733.6
781.1
2303.3
740.8
767.3
773.65
744.7
737.3
496
792.34
809.75
817.35
896
–2190
724.7
852
2089.7
662.91
906.45
2446
5316.2
965.04
850
550
2500.6
298.15
298.15
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
298.15
200
200
300
200
200
200
298.15
298.15
300
300
200
200
298.15
273.15
200
200
200
300
300
298
200
298.15
60
300
300
150
50
100
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
300
298.15
298.15
50
200
298.15
100
298.15
150
50
298.15
1.27770
1.46380
0.67211
0.58115
0.93628
1.15350
1.17770
1.18200
0.81551
0.65866
0.75937
1.05500
1.74810
0.70950
0.62976
0.73547
1.67000
0.92284
1.72980
1.59000
2.24420
3.52350
0.52652
0.61172
1.01260
0.61390
0.89121
1.45980
1.51020
1.55830
1.18750
1.33350
0.33380
0.91775
0.77997
0.34798
0.33460
0.54118
2.02790
2.03600
1.36200
1.44790
0.73021
1.33770
1.35380
1.18910
0.29122
0.75730
0.59646
0.35193
0.35440
0.38326
0.33810
0.65450
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200.15
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1200
1200
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
6000
1500
1500
1500
1500
3.06780
3.66690
1.91480
1.85850
4.03530
4.95430
4.92430
4.92750
1.95230
1.65840
2.25960
4.59830
4.47400
2.09440
1.69490
1.92550
4.97220
2.81860
4.51430
4.24840
7.43250
12.21100
1.45610
1.65760
2.65940
1.85280
3.61470
4.25400
3.63300
3.62130
4.91840
4.14000
1.09870
2.20160
1.80950
1.51780
1.32970
2.14850
5.12010
4.87440
3.22890
3.42340
1.66280
3.05690
3.45350
2.21700
0.38122
2.50800
1.49880
1.05710
0.71121
1.12030
0.99328
1.79520
2-151
(Continued)
2-152
TABLE 2-75 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmol∙K)] (Continued )
Cmpd.
no.
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
Name
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
Formula
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
BrH
ClH
CHN
FH
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
CAS
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-05
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
240.46774
114.18546
100.20194
130.185
116.20134
116.20134
114.18546
114.18546
98.18606
132.26694
96.17018
226.44116
100.15888
86.17536
116.158
102.17476
102.175
100.15888
100.15888
84.15948
82.1436
118.24036
82.1436
82.1436
32.04516
2.01588
80.91194
36.46094
27.02534
20.0063432
34.08088
88.10512
59.11026
104.06146
86.08924
16.0425
32.04186
73.09378
74.07854
40.06386
86.08924
31.0571
136.14792
68.11702
72.14878
102.1317
88.1482
70.1329
70.1329
66.10114
88.14818
104.214
2.78780
1.30930
1.20150
1.31350
1.22150
1.41060
1.27680
1.25070
1.18510
1.44200
1.07120
2.62830
1.18400
1.04400
1.16220
1.06250
1.26150
1.09400
1.12370
1.04340
0.93760
1.26620
0.91290
1.03600
0.41729
0.27617
0.29120
0.29157
0.30125
0.29134
0.33288
0.74694
0.79534
0.49522
0.72510
0.33298
0.39252
0.61160
0.55500
0.51734
0.12060
0.41000
0.93960
0.67100
0.74600
1.84580
0.92139
0.87026
0.81924
0.79060
0.82051
1.07850
C2 × 1E-05
9.52470
3.53810
4.00100
2.33170
3.99100
2.88580
3.38100
2.14800
3.63620
4.16030
3.02580
8.97330
3.07260
3.52300
2.07080
3.52100
3.59640
1.80700
2.93600
3.07490
3.01500
3.72940
2.55770
3.00900
0.54686
0.09560
0.09530
0.09048
0.31710
0.09325
0.26086
2.43560
1.44250
1.87180
2.08900
0.79933
0.87900
2.02900
1.78200
0.68157
2.37660
1.05780
2.55900
2.22200
3.26500
1.74300
3.33710
2.55560
2.60380
1.65600
3.08690
2.73880
C3 × 1E-03
C4 × 1E-05
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at
Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at
Tmax × 1E-05
1.69350
1.52500
1.67660
0.67567
1.58000
0.80394
1.38310
0.69120
1.73590
1.66030
1.52730
1.69120
1.70770
1.69460
0.68661
1.58350
1.84450
0.68900
1.40100
1.74590
1.90570
1.65740
1.52900
2.11600
0.81130
2.46600
2.14200
2.09380
1.61020
2.90500
0.91340
1.71500
0.81831
1.29580
1.85160
2.08690
1.91650
1.76830
1.26000
0.80525
1.05430
1.70800
0.82500
1.42100
1.54500
1.22000
1.83610
1.77570
1.75930
1.69260
1.38640
1.58850
6.66510
2.23950
2.74000
1.82400
2.83500
1.49680
1.88800
1.61900
2.50480
2.65720
2.09750
6.26400
2.11740
2.36900
1.53550
2.46200
2.59400
1.47400
1.60100
2.07280
1.98600
2.30800
1.73700
2.10600
0.41755
0.03760
0.01570
-0.00107
0.21790
0.00195
-0.17979
1.84840
0.95493
1.48520
1.64830
0.41602
0.53654
1.33020
0.85300
0.51402
1.81860
0.68360
1.36000
1.19400
1.92300
-56.11000
2.46440
1.76360
1.71950
1.21670
1.78860
1.90670
744.57
740.37
756.4
1846
717.7
2456.1
650.3
1759.3
785.73
759.39
689.62
744.41
790.64
761.6
1932.5
715.75
819.17
1772
650.5
793.53
817
757.8
683
902.4
2639.2
567.6
1400
120
626
1326
949.4
757.75
2499.9
569.96
798.43
991.96
896.7
835.5
562
2463.8
418.8
735
3000
614.7
666.7
31.2
757.83
807.82
800.93
788.4
613.87
749.6
200
298.15
200
300
298.15
298.15
200
150
298.15
200
200
200
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
150
298
300
200
200
300
298.15
250
50
50
100
50
100
298.15
298.15
300
298.15
50
273.15
300
298
298.15
298.15
150
300
150
200
300
298.15
200
200
298.15
300
273.15
3.00340
1.70230
1.28280
1.84970
1.75720
1.79590
1.39680
1.26880
1.54340
1.51910
1.17210
2.83120
1.48160
1.11170
1.61070
1.53110
1.58290
1.18150
1.14430
1.33010
1.19090
1.33400
1.00040
1.22150
0.48803
0.28426
0.29120
0.29137
0.30137
0.29134
0.33288
1.04270
0.97640
0.97903
0.94749
0.33298
0.42513
0.76980
0.84891
0.60784
0.99083
0.41364
1.25860
0.69311
0.85462
1.27930
1.31350
0.90596
0.85589
0.96319
1.33000
1.31730
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1200.1
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200.1
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500.15
1200
1200
10.41600
4.27590
4.42830
4.29410
4.53460
4.59900
4.13860
3.84460
4.08360
4.78310
3.59850
9.81820
3.66440
3.86200
3.76360
3.97260
4.06720
3.32070
3.58740
3.48190
3.18890
4.24830
3.03710
3.18940
1.05830
0.32248
0.34786
0.34063
0.55224
0.32243
0.51432
2.53830
2.45580
2.14970
2.20570
0.88904
1.05330
2.22090
2.07540
1.33000
2.16630
1.23880
3.35690
2.50280
3.37920
3.22620
3.48560
2.89230
2.87090
2.15020
3.19940
3.16870
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F 3N
CH3NO2
N 2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
68.11702
102.1317
80.5889
98.18606
114.18546
114.18546
114.18546
84.15948
82.1436
82.1436
115.03396
60.09502
72.10572
76.1606
60.05196
88.14818
100.15888
57.05132
74.1216
86.1323
90.1872
48.10746
100.11582
158.23802
86.17536
102.17476
58.1222
74.1216
56.10632
88.10512
74.1216
90.1872
46.14384
118.1757
88.1482
58.07914
128.17052
20.1797
75.0666
28.0134
71.00191
61.04002
44.0128
30.0061
268.5209
142.23862
128.2551
158.238
144.2545
144.255
126.23922
160.3201
124.22334
254.49432
0.82740
0.89400
0.59895
0.92270
0.79590
0.92279
0.92279
0.78439
0.69411
0.64220
0.72830
0.79188
0.78400
0.75083
0.50600
0.72840
1.22700
0.47400
0.89232
1.59140
0.99247
0.43697
0.86400
1.74830
0.90300
0.94326
0.76394
0.90658
0.73226
0.77650
0.92151
0.93775
0.46149
1.00010
0.98059
0.60865
0.89232
See Table 2-155
0.64084
0.29105
0.33284
0.47876
0.29338
See Table 2-155
3.10620
1.71190
1.51750
0.12660
1.54000
1.81180
1.53520
1.76460
1.62890
2.95020
2.13770
2.91000
1.16360
4.11500
2.59600
2.67090
2.67090
2.50070
3.02090
3.07110
1.03070
1.31660
2.10320
1.95770
1.21900
3.17130
2.19500
1.22600
2.47650
1.76400
2.72750
0.50387
1.81100
4.92880
3.80100
3.59650
1.68020
1.71370
1.36060
2.44200
2.39430
2.61780
1.27810
2.65370
3.08940
1.59650
2.67720
1.75500
1.57000
1.56500
1.65040
0.62130
0.68784
0.68784
0.81937
1.69030
1.63870
1.54290
0.87136
1.54880
1.64240
1.63700
1.35200
0.84200
2.18800
1.69600
1.20760
2.00300
0.80924
0.75430
1.73840
1.60200
1.35330
0.82654
0.80201
0.84872
1.71400
1.69360
1.72910
1.45650
0.77176
1.64560
1.61900
0.76122
1.51490
2.07300
0.81581
2.90060
2.28800
1.98470
1.98470
1.30010
2.12090
2.12980
0.78110
0.86597
1.18550
1.19490
0.89400
1.89480
1.19100
0.85983
1.55980
-407.40000
1.89740
0.42223
0.80000
3.58970
2.45300
2.05690
1.02850
1.04240
0.88667
1.81800
1.48960
1.62360
0.79115
1.11620
2.09850
0.93783
1.02010
782
678.3
690.39
779.48
1698.6
1732.4
1732.4
2416.4
781.56
750.25
668.94
2468
693
749.19
743
585.14
2460
1008.2
791.4
10.503
849.64
2192.4
2160
788.01
691.6
599.92
2483.1
2489.7
2499.8
716
797.79
783.23
643.23
2405.2
732.6
739.55
2435.5
200
298
200
200
300
300
300
298.15
200
200
200
298.15
200
273.16
250
300
298.15
298.15
200
300
273
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
300
298.15
298.15
298.15
300
298
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
300
298.15
0.86459
1.34610
0.63795
0.99530
1.53020
1.50990
1.50990
1.09680
0.74637
0.70833
0.77172
0.92283
0.83967
0.90040
0.58880
1.32000
1.47550
0.51946
0.92804
1.12910
1.13770
0.50277
1.16210
2.25670
1.01920
1.56000
0.96745
1.13730
0.88184
1.12420
1.12510
1.17280
0.51411
1.40620
1.35330
0.77480
1.32040
1500
1200
1500
1500
1200
1200
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500.15
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1200
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
2.52550
3.07660
1.55930
4.31800
4.13590
4.14670
4.14670
3.54830
3.14960
3.15490
1.58930
2.29440
2.48160
2.31780
1.51090
3.19870
3.65320
1.35950
2.86960
2.99910
2.99520
1.06940
2.86370
5.71770
3.96170
3.74090
2.66680
2.85290
2.28420
2.52760
2.63910
2.99040
1.52530
3.86080
3.47810
1.88710
3.73860
1.16310
0.08615
0.49837
0.78357
0.32360
0.80970
1.70160
0.70930
0.82960
1.12380
0.59591
0.00103
0.23264
0.37215
0.21770
2425.6
909.79
372.91
2433.8
479.4
298.15
50
100
298.15
100
0.79235
0.29105
0.34036
0.57242
0.29475
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1.92450
0.34838
0.80919
1.32860
0.58278
10.57500
4.50580
4.91500
6.01100
4.93600
3.59270
4.68440
5.04400
3.97080
10.03400
0.76791
1.71000
1.64480
1.08150
1.57800
0.81841
1.72880
1.61820
1.89280
0.77107
-4.56610
3.36580
3.47000
4.59460
3.58800
2.17920
3.23040
3.38570
3.21360
-4.30120
912.03
807.38
749.6
418.2
721.11
2550.1
783.67
755.48
855.52
916.73
200
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
200
3.35330
2.15310
1.62570
2.29530
2.20920
2.26250
2.00140
1.86580
1.96930
3.18000
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
11.61300
5.42420
5.54070
5.52670
5.66060
5.85550
5.27760
5.90820
4.79240
11.01600
2-153
(Continued)
2-154
TABLE 2-75 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmol∙K)] (Continued )
Cmpd.
no.
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
Name
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Formula
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
CAS
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-05
C2 × 1E-05
C3 × 1E-03
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
128.212
114.22852
144.211
130.22792
130.228
128.21204
128.21204
112.21264
146.29352
110.19676
90.03488
31.9988
47.9982
212.41458
86.1323
72.14878
102.132
88.1482
88.1482
86.1323
86.1323
70.1329
104.21378
104.21378
68.11702
68.11702
178.2292
94.11124
119.1207
148.11556
40.06386
44.09562
60.09502
60.095
122.20746
58.07914
74.0785
55.0785
102.1317
59.11026
120.19158
42.07974
1.59550
1.35540
1.40820
1.38050
1.58030
1.39010
1.49520
1.35990
1.59810
1.23070
0.56777
0.29103
0.33483
2.46790
1.06000
0.88050
2.83600
0.90600
1.08530
0.90053
0.96896
0.82523
1.13270
1.09740
0.75300
0.82096
1.27200
0.43400
0.59683
0.73640
0.48308
0.59474
0.61900
0.73145
1.05630
0.71306
0.69590
0.52525
1.79940
0.76078
1.13460
0.43852
3.14670
4.43100
4.34360
4.45900
3.23480
3.80600
4.41030
4.16050
4.60630
3.49420
1.11940
0.10040
0.29577
8.42120
2.85000
3.01100
1.08000
3.06200
3.07470
2.70850
2.49070
2.59430
2.94700
3.29590
2.09050
1.46770
3.56890
2.44500
2.55330
2.54400
0.73665
1.26610
2.02130
2.03130
4.33970
1.16890
1.77780
1.46630
1.75300
2.10490
2.80980
1.50600
0.85788
1.63560
1.46620
1.57510
0.79814
1.37170
0.80211
1.73170
1.62950
1.52800
0.62070
2.52650
1.52170
1.68650
1.93000
1.65020
2.10700
1.60540
1.86720
1.65920
1.41770
1.72910
1.74180
1.67610
1.53070
0.84463
0.75021
1.15200
1.23970
1.08520
0.78152
0.84431
1.62930
1.93750
1.60980
0.92731
1.70980
1.54760
1.19600
1.72560
0.79504
1.39880
C4 × 1E-05
1.47130
3.05400
2.76870
3.20160
1.78820
2.25730
-2.09580
2.86750
3.03010
2.46170
-0.38079
0.09356
0.27151
5.85370
2.01000
1.89200
-3.56000
2.11500
2.22710
1.80120
1.30100
1.76800
2.09870
1.94860
1.37800
0.96258
1.32990
1.51200
1.55190
0.80800
0.48698
0.86165
1.29560
1.48150
3.18100
1.02100
1.26540
0.93033
-4.12000
1.39360
1.23760
0.74754
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at
Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at
Tmax × 1E-05
2679.4
746.4
659.38
718.8
2434.3
660.96
981.95
784.47
756.28
694.81
676.72
1153.8
680.35
743.6
879.23
747.6
283
717.97
825.4
743.96
646.7
778.7
795.78
757.67
672.8
2452.3
2409.4
507
576.78
573
2480
2482.7
727.4
843.37
729.66
2512.8
763.78
674.15
108.2
789.03
2449.5
616.46
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
150
200
298.15
200
200
298.15
50
100
200
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
200
298.15
298
200
200
298.15
298.15
100
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
300
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
130
1.92770
1.45290
2.06520
1.98320
2.02310
1.41620
1.57750
1.77230
1.68810
1.34480
0.79711
0.29103
0.33489
2.65860
1.25200
0.94039
1.38240
1.30440
1.35390
0.95908
1.05360
1.08560
1.42020
1.15470
0.82759
0.98524
1.86940
0.44014
1.10540
1.07450
0.59127
0.73665
0.85428
0.89664
1.63920
0.80337
0.89382
0.73244
1.35940
0.79326
1.52430
0.44363
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1000.15
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
4.91940
4.97640
5.04110
5.09650
5.20600
4.65470
4.90670
4.68070
5.35490
4.16040
1.56180
0.36533
0.59282
9.22090
3.24590
3.29270
3.29520
3.41330
3.47010
3.07970
3.03580
2.88970
3.49940
3.69560
2.47540
2.50600
5.06820
2.60450
2.83900
2.67370
1.33810
2.05600
2.24580
2.27600
4.65270
2.11890
2.12480
1.72030
3.20240
2.43530
4.16280
1.68170
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O 2S
F 6S
O 3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
88.10512
76.16062
76.16062
76.09442
108.09476
104.07911
104.14912
118.08804
64.0638
146.0554192
80.0632
166.13084
230.30376
198.388
72.10572
132.20228
88.17132
114.22852
84.13956
92.13842
133.40422
184.36142
101.19
59.11026
120.19158
120.19158
114.22852
114.22852
213.10452
227.1311
156.30826
172.30766
86.08924
52.07456
62.49822
161.48972
18.01528
106.165
106.165
106.165
0.87100
0.73815
0.74740
2.01140
0.80992
0.36810
0.89300
0.71806
0.33375
0.35256
0.33408
1.00130
2.07190
2.30820
0.54850
1.05550
0.65341
1.13520
0.48694
0.58140
0.66554
2.14960
1.27660
0.71070
1.05200
1.22100
1.13900
0.98200
2.03670
2.15400
1.95290
1.85900
0.53600
0.55978
0.42364
0.84894
0.33363
0.75680
0.85210
0.75120
2.44700
1.95290
1.95230
0.80820
1.57510
0.71245
2.15030
2.26690
0.25864
1.22700
0.49677
2.61780
6.26680
7.86780
1.84910
3.21010
1.71150
5.63310
1.23760
2.86300
1.12570
7.30450
2.55590
1.50510
3.79000
2.68650
5.28600
5.40200
1.81810
2.44320
6.09980
5.86900
2.11900
1.21410
0.87350
1.14710
0.26790
3.39240
3.29540
3.39700
1.92540
1.59540
1.63100
1.86560
0.74707
0.65201
0.77200
1.27390
0.93280
0.67938
0.87322
0.87239
2.40440
1.68230
0.83310
0.78248
0.77705
1.62110
0.71271
1.44060
1.54540
1.66950
0.80937
0.79662
1.48140
0.82886
1.59400
1.53100
1.20890
1.11260
1.70870
1.57180
1.19800
1.61020
1.64920
1.38000
2.61050
1.49600
1.49440
1.49280
1.88800
1.23560
1.21120
-2.44040
0.60196
0.46721
0.99900
1.73420
0.10880
0.78407
0.28563
1.28310
6.34500
5.44860
0.89089
1.43950
0.91824
3.38290
0.47248
1.89800
0.97196
4.99980
1.48290
0.84537
2.33100
1.42030
3.35100
3.49300
0.79777
0.58651
4.13020
4.32600
1.14700
0.89079
0.65560
0.90000
0.08896
2.24700
2.11500
2.24700
821.3
730.5
750.92
279.98
2344.9
286.03
2442
537.65
423.7
351.27
393.74
3521.5
967.71
743.1
2458.5
2433
2432.6
681.9
2484.2
650.43
717.04
741.02
2231.7
2187.6
667.3
2443
677.94
639.9
1060.8
950.59
775.4
722.7
510
710.4
739.07
644.61
1169
675.9
675.8
675.1
298.15
200
200
298.15
298.15
100
100
300
100
100
100
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
200
298.15
200
200
200
200
298.15
200
200
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
100
200
200
298.15
100
200
200
200
1.10220
0.78247
0.78483
1.02180
1.07700
0.41815
0.89310
1.33700
0.33538
0.38719
0.34081
1.26040
2.47630
2.48640
0.76617
1.52510
0.90956
1.30690
0.72827
0.70157
0.84963
2.31560
1.32780
0.74387
1.18320
1.54310
1.31390
1.21940
2.10540
2.27260
2.05940
2.66140
0.54044
0.59670
0.44572
1.07540
0.33363
0.87588
0.96428
0.87096
1500
1500
1500
1000.15
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
2273.15
1500
1500
1500
2.74840
2.32870
2.32160
2.11750
2.49790
1.05370
3.24160
2.58230
0.56950
1.53970
0.79673
3.59670
6.69470
8.62250
2.55380
4.53700
2.56890
5.57840
1.81130
3.00290
1.64330
8.02510
4.20460
2.43220
4.19830
4.18780
5.37690
5.37540
3.75850
4.35600
6.83420
6.78340
2.37500
1.55900
1.14230
1.85950
0.52760
3.59200
3.59650
3.59230
Constants in this table can be used in the following equation to calculate the ideal gas heat capacity C0p. C0p = C1 + C2[C3/T/sinh(C3/T)]2 + C4[C5/T/cosh(C5/T)]2 where C0p is in J/(kmol∙K) and T is in K.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016 AIChE, and reproduced
with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as “R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts, N. F. Giles, DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York, NY (2016)”.
2-155
2-156
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-76 Cp/Cv: Ratios of Specific Heats of Gases at 1 atm Pressure*
Compound
Formula
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetylene
C2H4O
C2H4O2
C2H2
Air
Ammonia
Argon
NH3
Ar
Temperature, °C
Ratio of specific
heats,
(γ) = Cp /Cv
30
136
15
-71
925
17
-78
-118
15
15
-180
0–100
1.14
1.15
1.26
1.31
1.36
1.403
1.408
1.415
1.320
1.670
1.715
1.67
Benzene
Bromine
C6H6
Br2
90
20–350
1.10
1.32
Carbon dioxide
CO2
disulfide
monoxide
CS2
CO
1.299
1.37
1.21
1.402
1.433
1.355
1.15
1.256
1.315
Chlorine
Chloroform
Cyanogen
Cyclohexane
Cl2
CHCl3
(CN)2
C6H12
15
-75
100
15
-180
15
100
15
80
Dichlorodifluormethane
CCl2F2
25
1.139
Ethane
C2H6
Ethyl alcohol
ether
C2H6O
C4H10O
Ethylene
C2H4
100
15
-82
90
35
80
100
15
-91
1.157
1.200
1.28
1.13
1.08
1.086
1.201
1.253
1.345
Helium
Hexane (n-)
Hydrogen
He
C6H14
H2
-180
80
15
-76
-181
20
15
100
65
140
210
1.667
1.066
1.407
1.441
1.607
1.42
1.41
1.40
1.31
1.28
1.24
bromide
chloride
HBr
HCl
cyanide
HCN
Compound
Formula
Hydrogen (Cont.)
iodide
sulfide
HI
H 2S
Iodine
Isobutane
I2
C4H10
Krypton
Kr
Mercury
Methane
Hg
CH4
Methyl acetate
alcohol
ether
Methylal
C3H6O2
CH4O
C2H6O
C3H8O2
Neon
Nitric oxide
Ne
NO
Nitrogen
N2
Nitrous oxide
N2O
Oxygen
O2
Pentane (n-)
Phosphorus
Potassium
C5H12
P
K
Sodium
Sulfur dioxide
Na
SO2
Xenon
Xe
Temperature, °C
Ratio of specific
heats,
(γ) = Cp /Cv
20–100
15
-45
-57
1.40
1.332
1.350
1.356
185
15
1.30
1.110
19
1.672
360
600
300
15
-80
-115
15
77
6–30
13
40
1.67
1.113
1.196
1.310
1.339
1.347
1.14
1.237
1.11
1.06
1.09
19
15
-45
-80
15
-181
100
15
-30
-70
1.667
1.400
1.39
1.38
1.402
1.433
1.28
1.303
1.31
1.34
15
-76
-181
1.398
1.405
1.439
86
300
850
1.071
1.17
1.77
750–920
15
1.68
1.290
19
1.678
*For compounds that appear in Tables 2-109 to 2-122, values are from E. W. Lemmon, M. O. McLinden, and D. G. Friend, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems”
in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, Eds. P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, Md. (http://webbook.nist.gov). Values for other compounds are from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 80–82.
SPECIFIC HEATS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIOnS
TABLE 2-79 Ethyl Alcohol
Additional References Most of the tables below are from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 115–116, 122–125. Specific heats for other
compounds in aqueous solution can also be found in the same reference.
TABLE 2-77 Acetic Acid (at 38çC)
Mole % acetic acid
Cal/(g⋅°C)
0
1.0
6.98
0.911
30.9
0.73
54.5
0.631
100
0.535
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % C2H5OH
3°C
23°C
41°C
4.16
11.5
37.0
61.0
100.0
1.05
1.02
0.805
0.67
0.54
1.02
1.03
0.86
0.727
0.577
1.02
1.03
0.875
0.748
0.621
TABLE 2-80
TABLE 2-78 Ammonia
Glycerol
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % NH3
2.4°C
20.6°C
41°C
61°C
0
10.5
20.9
31.2
41.4
1.01
0.98
0.96
0.956
0.985
1.0
0.995
0.99
1.0
0.995
1.06
1.03
1.0
1.02
Mole % C3H5(OH)3
15°C
32°C
2.12
4.66
11.5
22.7
43.9
100.0
0.961
0.929
0.851
0.765
0.67
0.555
0.960
0.924
0.841
0.758
0.672
0.576
SPECIFIC HEATS
TABLE 2-81 Hydrochloric Acid
TABLE 2-86 Potassium Hydroxide (at 19çC)
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % HCl
0.0
9.09
16.7
20.0
25.9
2-157
0°C
10°C
20°C
40°C
60°C
1.00
0.72
0.61
0.58
0.55
0.72
0.605
0.575
0.74
0.631
0.591
0.75
0.645
0.615
0.78
0.67
0.638
0.61
TABLE 2-82 Methyl Alcohol
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % CH3OH
5°C
20°C
40°C
5.88
12.3
27.3
45.8
69.6
100
1.02
0.975
0.877
0.776
0.681
0.576
1.0
0.982
0.917
0.811
0.708
0.60
0.995
0.98
0.92
0.83
0.726
0.617
Specific heat at 20°C,
cal/(g⋅°C)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1.000
0.900
0.810
0.730
0.675
0.650
0.640
0.615
0.575
0.515
0
1.0
0.497
0.975
1.64
0.93
4.76
0.814
9.09
0.75
TABLE 2-87 normal Propyl Alcohol
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % C3H7OH
5°C
20°C
40°C
1.55
5.03
11.4
23.1
41.2
73.0
100.0
1.03
1.07
1.035
0.877
0.75
0.612
0.534
1.02
1.06
1.032
0.90
0.78
0.645
0.57
1.01
1.03
0.99
0.91
0.815
0.708
0.621
TABLE 2-88 Sodium Carbonate*
Temperature, °C
% Na2CO3
by weight
0.000
1.498
2.000
2.901
4.000
5.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
13.790
13.840
20.000
25.000
TABLE 2-83 nitric Acid
% HNO3
by Weight
Mole % KOH
Cal/(g⋅°C)
17.6
30.0
76.6
98.0
0.9992
0.9807
0.9986
1.0098
1.0084
0.9786
0.9597
0.9594
0.9428
0.9761
0.9392
0.9183
0.9086
0.8924
0.9452
0.8881
0.8631
0.8936
0.8615
0.8911
*J. Chem. Soc. 3062–3079 (1931).
TABLE 2-89 Sodium Chloride
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
TABLE 2-84 Phosphoric Acid*
Mole % NaCl
%H2PO4
Cp at 21.3°C
cal/(g⋅°C)
%H3PO4
Cp at 21.3°C
cal/(g⋅°C)
2.50
3.80
5.33
8.81
10.27
14.39
16.23
19.99
22.10
24.56
25.98
28.15
29.96
32.09
33.95
36.26
38.10
40.10
42.08
44.11
46.22
48.16
49.79
0.9903
0.9970
0.9669
0.9389
0.9293
0.8958
0.8796
0.8489
0.8300
0.8125
0.8004
0.7856
0.7735
0.7590
0.7432
0.7270
0.7160
0.7024
0.6877
0.6748
0.6607
0.6475
0.6370
50.00
52.19
53.72
56.04
58.06
60.23
62.10
64.14
66.13
68.14
69.97
69.50
71.88
73.71
75.79
77.69
79.54
80.00
82.00
84.00
85.98
88.01
89.72
0.6350
0.6220
0.6113
0.5972
0.5831
0.5704
0.5603
0.5460
0.5349
0.5242
0.5157
0.5160
0.5046
0.4940
0.4847
0.4786
0.4680
0.4686
0.4593
0.4500
0.4419
0.4359
0.4206
*Z. Physik. Chem., A167, 42 (1933).
TABLE 2-85 Potassium Chloride
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % KCl
6°C
20°C
33°C
40°C
0.99
3.85
5.66
7.41
0.945
0.828
0.77
0.947
0.831
0.775
0.727
0.947
0.835
0.778
0.947
0.837
0.775
0.249
0.99
2.44
9.09
6°C
20°C
33°C
57°C
0.96
0.91
0.805
0.99
0.97
0.915
0.81
0.97
0.915
0.81
0.923
0.82
TABLE 2-90 Sodium Hydroxide (at 20çC)
Mole % NaOH
Cal/(g . °C)
0
1.0
0.5
0.985
1.0
0.97
9.09
0.835
16.7
0.80
28.6
0.784
37.5
0.782
TABLE 2-91 Sulfuric Acid*
%H2SO4
Cp at 20°C,
cal/(g⋅°C)
%H2SO4
Cp at 20°C,
cal/(g⋅°C)
0.34
0.68
1.34
2.65
3.50
5.16
9.82
15.36
21.40
22.27
23.22
24.25
25.39
26.63
28.00
29.52
30.34
31.20
33.11
0.9968
0.9937
0.9877
0.9762
0.9688
0.9549
0.9177
0.8767
0.8339
0.8275
0.8205
0.8127
0.8041
0.7945
0.7837
0.7717
0.7647
0.7579
0.7422
35.25
37.69
40.49
43.75
47.57
52.13
57.65
64.47
73.13
77.91
81.33
82.49
84.48
85.48
89.36
91.81
94.82
97.44
100.00
0.7238
.7023
.6770
.6476
.6153
.5801
.5420
.5012
.4628
.4518
.4481
.4467
.4408
.4346
.4016
.3787
.3554
.3404
.3352
*Vinal and Craig, Bur. Standards J. Research, 24, 475 (1940).
2-158
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
SPECIFIC HEATS OF MISCELLAnEOUS MATERIALS
TABLE 2-92 Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids
and Solids
Material
Alumina
Alundum
Asbestos
Asphalt
Bakelite
Brickwork
Carbon
(gas retort)
(see under Graphite)
Cellulose
Cement, Portland Clinker
Charcoal (wood)
Chrome brick
Clay
Coal
tar oils
Coal tars
Coke
Concrete
Cryolite
Diamond
Fireclay brick
Fluorspar
Gasoline
Glass (crown)
( flint)
(pyrex)
(silicate)
wool
Granite
Graphite
Gypsum
Kerosene
Limestone
Litharge
Magnesia
Magnesite brick
Marble
Porcelain, fired Berlin
Porcelain, green Berlin
Porcelain, fired earthenware
Porcelain, green earthenware
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
0.2 (100°C); 0.274 (1500°C)
0.186 (100°C)
0.25
0.22
0.3 to 0.4
About 0.2
0.168 (26 to 76°C)
0.314 (40 to 892°C)
0.387 (56 to 1450°C)
0.204
0.32
0.186
0.242
0.17
0.224
0.26 to 0.37
0.34 (15 to 90°C)
0.35 (40°C); 0.45 (200°C)
0.265 (21 to 400°C)
0.359 (21 to 800°C)
0.403 (21 to 1300°C)
0.156 (70 to 312°F); 0.219 (72 to 1472°F)
0.253 (16 to 55°C)
0.147
0.198 (100°C); 0.298 (1500°C)
0.21 (30°C)
0.53
0.16 to 0.20
0.117
0.20
0.188 to 0.204 (0 to 100°C)
0.24 to 0.26 (0 to 700°C)
0.157
0.20 (20 to 100°C)
0.165 (26 to 76°C); 0.390 (56 to 1450°C)
0.259 (16 to 46°C)
0.47
0.217
0.055
0.234 (100°C); 0.188 (1500°C)
0.222 (100°C); 0.195 (1500°C)
0.21 (18°C)
0.189 (60°C)
0.185 (60°C)
0.186 (60°C)
0.181 (60°C)
TABLE 2-92 Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids
and Solids (Continued )
Material
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Pyrex glass
Pyrites (copper)
Pyrites (iron)
Pyroxylin plastics
Quartz
Rubber (vulcanized)
Sand
Silica
Silica brick
Silicon carbide brick
Silk
Steel
Stone
Stoneware (common)
Turpentine
Wood (Oak)
Woods, miscellaneous
Wool
Zirconium oxide
0.20
0.131 (30°C)
0.136 (30°C)
0.34 to 0.38
0.17 (0°C); 0.28 (350°C)
0.415
0.191
0.316
0.202 (100°C); 0.195 (1500°C)
0.202 (100°C)
0.33
0.12
about 0.2
0.188 (60°C)
0.42 (18°C)
0.570
0.45 to 0.65
0.325
0.11 (100°C); 0.179 (1500°C)
TABLE 2-93 Oils (Animal, Vegetable, Mineral Oils)
Cp[cal/(g⋅°C)] = A / d 415 + B(t - 15)
where d = density, g/cm3.
°F = 9⁄5°C + 32; to convert calories per gram-degree Celsius to British thermal units per pound-degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.0; to convert grams
per cubic centimeter to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43.
Oils
A
Castor
Citron
Fatty drying
nondrying
semidrying
oils (except castor)
Naphthene base
Olive
Paraffin base
Petroleum oils
0.500
0.440
0.450
0.445
0.450
0.405
0.425
0.415
B
0.0007
(0.438 at 54°C)
0.0007
0.0007
0.0007
0.0007
0.0009
(0.47 at 7°C)
0.0009
0.0009
PROPERTIES OF FORMATIOn AnD COMBUSTIOn REACTIOnS
Unit Conversions °F = 9⁄5°C + 32; to convert kilocalories per gram-mole
to British thermal units per pound-mole, multiply by 1.799 × 10-3.
PROPERTIES OF FORMATIOn AnD COMBUSTIOn REACTIOnS
2-159
TABLE 2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds*
The values given in the following table for the heats and free energies of formation of inorganic compounds are derived from (a) Bichowsky and Rossini, “Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances,” Reinhold, New York, 1936; (b) Latimer, “Oxidation States of the Elements and Their Potentials in Aqueous Solution,” Prentice-Hall,
New York, 1938; (c) the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards; and (d) the tables of Selected Values of
Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of the National Bureau of Standards. The reader is referred to the preceding books and tables for additional details as to methods
of calculation, standard states, and so on.
State†
Compound
Aluminum
Al
AlBr3
Al4C3
AlCl3
AlF3
AlI3
AlN
Al(NH4)(SO4)2
Al(NH4)(SO4)2⋅12H2O
Al(NO3)3⋅6H2O
Al(NO3)3⋅9H2O
Al2O3
Al(OH)3
Al2O3⋅SiO2
Al2O3⋅SiO2
Al2O3⋅SiO2
3Al2O3⋅2SiO2
Al2S3
Al2(SO4)3
Al2(SO4)3⋅6H2O
Al2(SO4)3⋅18H2O
Antimony
Sb
SbBr3
SbCl3
SbCl5
SbF3
SbI3
Sb2O3
Sb2O4
Sb2O5
Sb2S3
Arsenic
As
AsBr3
AsCl3
AsF3
AsH3
AsI3
As2O3
As2O5
As2S3
Barium
Ba
BaBr2
BaCl2
Ba(ClO3)2
Ba(ClO4)2
Ba(CN)2
Ba(CNO)2
BaCN2
BaCO3
BaCrO4
BaF2
BaH2
Ba(HCO3)2
BaI2
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 600
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
c, corundum
c
c, sillimanite
c, disthene
c, andalusite
c, mullite
c
c
aq
c
c
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
0.00
-123.4
-209.5
-30.8
-163.8
-243.9
-329
-360.8
-72.8
-163.4
-57.7
-561.19
-1419.36
-680.89
-897.59
-399.09
-304.8
-648.7
-642.4
-642.0
-1874
-121.6
-820.99
-893.9
-1268.15
-2120
c
c
c
l
c
c
c, I, orthorhombic
c, II, octahedral
c
c
c, black
0.00
-59.9
-91.3
-104.8
-216.6
-22.8
-165.4
-166.6
-213.0
-230.0
-38.2
c
c
l
l
g
c
c
c
c
amorphous
0.00
-45.9
-80.2
-223.76
43.6
-13.6
-154.1
-217.9
-20
-34.76
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 300
c
aq, 1600
c
aq, 800
c
c
aq
c
c, witherite
c
c
aq, 1600
c
aq
c
aq, 400
0.00
-180.38
-185.67
-205.25
-207.92
-176.6
-170.0
-210.2
*For footnotes see end of table.
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
0.00
-189.2
-29.0
-209.5
-312.6
-152.5
-50.4
-486.17
-1179.26
-526.32
-376.87
-272.9
-739.53
-759.3
-1103.39
0.00
-77.8
-146.0
-186.6
-196.1
-36.9
0.00
-70.5
-212.27
37.7
-134.8
-183.9
-20
0.00
-183.0
-196.5
-134.4
-155.3
-63.6
-284.2
-342.2
-287.9
-284.6
-40.8
-459
-144.6
-155.17
BaMoO4
Ba3N2
Ba(NO2)2
Ba(NO3)2
BaO
Ba(OH)2
BaO⋅SiO2
Ba3(PO4)2
BaPtCl6
BaS
BaSO3
BaSO4
BaWO4
Beryllium
Be
BeBr2
BeCl2
BeI2
Be3N2
BeO
Be(OH)2
BeS
BeSO4
Bismuth
Bi
BiCl3
BiI3
BiO
Bi2O3
Bi(OH)3
Bi2S3
Bi2(SO4)3
Boron
B
BBr3
BCl3
BF3
B2H6
BN
B2O3
B(OH)3
B2S3
Bromine
Br2
-180.7
BrCl
Cadmium
Cd
CdBr2
-271.4
CdCl2
-48
-212.1
-265.3
-31.5
-414.4
-158.52
State†
Compound
Barium (Cont.)
Ba(IO3)2
Cd(CN)2
CdCO3
CdI2
Cd3N2
Cd(NO3)2
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
c
aq
c
c
c
aq
c
aq, 600
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-264.5
-237.50
-370
-90.7
-184.5
-179.05
-236.99
-227.74
-133.0
-225.9
-237.76
-363
-992
-284.9
-111.2
-282.5
-340.2
-402
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
aq
0.00
-79.4
-142
-112.6
-163.9
-39.4
-112
-134.5
-145.3
-215.6
-56.1
-281
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
-90.5
-101.6
-24
-27
-49.5
-137.1
-171.1
-43.9
-607.1
c
l
g
g
g
g
c
c
gls
c
c
0.00
-52.7
-44.6
-94.5
-265.2
7.5
-32.1
-302.0
-297.6
-260.0
-56.6
l
g
g
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
-198.35
-150.75
-189.94
-209.02
-313.4
0.00
-127.9
-141.4
-103.4
-122.4
-138.3
-254.8
0.00
7.47
3.06
0.00
-75.8
-76.6
-92.149
-96.44
36.2
-178.2
-48.40
-47.46
39.8
-115.67
0.00
-76.4
-43.2
-117.9
-39.1
0.00
-50.9
-90.8
-261.0
19.9
-27.2
-282.9
-280.3
-229.4
0.00
0.931
-0.63
0.00
-70.7
-67.6
-81.889
-81.2
-163.2
-43.22
-71.05
(Continued)
2-160
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Compound
Cadmium (Cont.)
CdO
Cd(OH)2
CdS
CdSO4
Calcium
Ca
CaBr2
CaC2
CaCl2
CaCN2
Ca(CN)2
CaCO3
CaCO3⋅MgCO3
CaC2O4
Ca(C2H3O2)2
CaF2
CaH2
CaI2
Ca3N2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2⋅2H2O
Ca(NO3)2⋅3H2O
Ca(NO3)2⋅4H2O
CaO
Ca(OH)2
CaO⋅SiO2
CaS
CaSO4
CaSO4⋅½H2O
CaSO4⋅2H2O
CaWO4
Carbon
C
CO
CO2
Cerium
Ce
CeN
Cesium
Cs
CsBr
CsCl
Cs2CO3
CsF
CsH
CsHCO3
CsI
CsNH2
CsNO3
Cs2O
CsOH
Cs2S
Cs2SO4
c
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
c, calcite
c, aragonite
c
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 800
c, II, wollastonite
c, I, pseudowollastonite
c
c, insoluble form
c, soluble form α
c, soluble form β
c
c
c
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
-62.35
-135.0
-34.5
-222.23
-232.635
0.00
-162.20
-187.19
-14.8
-190.6
-209.15
-85
-43.3
-289.5
-289.54
-558.8
-332.2
-356.3
-364.1
-290.2
-286.5
-46
-128.49
-156.63
-103.2
-224.05
-228.29
-367.95
-439.05
-509.43
-151.7
-235.58
-239.2
-377.9
-376.6
-114.3
-338.73
-336.58
-335.52
-376.13
-479.33
-387
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
-55.28
-113.7
-33.6
-194.65
0.00
-181.86
-16.0
-179.8
-195.36
-54.0
-270.8
-270.57
-311.3
-264.1
-35.7
-157.37
-88.2
-177.38
-293.57
-351.58
-409.32
-144.3
-213.9
-207.9
-357.5
-356.6
-113.1
-311.9
-309.8
-308.8
-425.47
c, graphite
c, diamond
g
g
0.00
0.453
-26.416
-94.052
0.00
0.685
-32.808
-94.260
c
c
0.00
-78.2
0.00
-70.8
c
c
aq, 500
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 2000
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 200
c
c
aq
0.00
-97.64
-91.39
-106.31
-102.01
-271.88
-131.67
-140.48
-12
-230.6
-226.6
-83.91
-75.74
-28.2
-121.14
-111.54
-82.1
-100.2
-117.0
-87
-344.86
-340.12
0.00
-94.86
Chlorine
Cl2
ClF
ClO
ClO2
ClO3
Cl2O
Cl2O7
Chromium
Cr
CrBr3
Cr3C2
Cr4C
CrCl2
CrF2
CrF3
CrI2
CrO3
Cr2O3
Cr2(SO4)3
Cobalt
Co
CoBr2
Co3C
CoCl2
CoCO3
CoF2
CoI2
Co(NO3)2
CoO
Co3O4
Co(OH)2
Co(OH)3
CoS
Co2S3
CoSO4
Columbium
Cb
Cb2O5
Copper
Cu
CuBr
CuBr2
CuCl
CuCl2
CuClO4
Cu(ClO3)2
Cu(ClO4)2
CuI
CuI2
-101.61
Cu3N
Cu(NO3)2
-135.98
-7.30
CuO
Cu2O
Cu(OH)2
CuS
Cu2S
CuSO4
-210.56
-82.61
-96.53
-107.87
-316.66
State†
Compound
Cu2SO4
Erbium
Er
Er(OH)3
Fluorine
F2
F2O
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
c
aq
c
c
c
aq
c
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
0.00
-25.7
33
24.7
37
18.20
63
0.00
-21.008
-16.378
-103.1
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
0.00
29.5
22.40
0.00
-122.7
-21.20
-16.74
-93.8
-102.1
-152
-231
-63.7
-64.1
-139.3
-268.8
-249.3
-626.3
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 400
0.00
-55.0
-73.61
9.49
-76.9
-95.58
-172.39
-172.98
-24.2
-43.15
-102.8
-114.9
-57.5
-196.5
-131.5
-177.0
-22.3
-40.0
-216.6
c
c
0.00
-462.96
0.00
0.00
-26.7
-34.0
-42.4
-31.4
-48.83
-64.7
-28.3
0.00
-23.8
c
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
aq
aq, 400
aq
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 200
c
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 800
c
aq
0.00
-61.96
7.08
-66.6
-75.46
-155.36
-144.2
-37.4
-65.3
-108.9
-142.0
-19.8
-188.9
-17.8
-4.8
-11.9
17.78
-73.1
-83.6
-38.5
-43.00
-108.9
-11.6
-18.97
-184.7
-200.78
-179.6
-33.25
-24.13
1.34
15.4
-5.5
-16.66
-8.76
-36.6
-31.9
-38.13
-85.5
-11.69
-20.56
-158.3
-160.19
-152.0
c
c
0.00
-326.8
0.00
g
g
0.00
5.5
0.00
9.7
PROPERTIES OF FORMATIOn AnD COMBUSTIOn REACTIOnS
2-161
TABLE 2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Compound
Gallium
Ga
GaBr3
GaCl3
GaN
Ga2O
Ga2O3
Germanium
Ge
Ge3N4
GeO2
Gold
Au
AuBr
AuBr3
AuCl
AuCl3
AuI
Au2O3
Au(OH)3
Hafnium
Hf
HfO2
Hydrogen
H3AsO3
H3AsO4
HBr
HBrO
HBrO3
HCl
HCN
HClO
HClO3
HClO4
HC2H3O2
H2C2O4
HCOOH
H2CO3
HF
HI
HIO
HIO3
HN3
HNO3
HNO3⋅H2O
HNO3⋅3H2O
H2O
H2O2
H3PO2
H3PO3
H3PO4
H2S
H2S2
H2SO3
H2SO4
H2Se
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
c
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
-92.4
-125.4
-26.2
-84.3
-259.9
0.00
c
c
c
0.00
-15.7
-128.6
0.00
c
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
c
c
c
0.00
-3.4
-14.5
-11.0
-8.3
-28.3
-32.96
0.2
11.0
-100.6
0.00
c
c
0.00
-271.1
0.00
-258.2
aq
c
aq
g
aq, 400
aq
aq
g
aq, 400
g
aq, 100
aq, 400
aq
aq, 660
l
aq, 400
c
aq, 300
l
aq, 200
aq
g
aq, 200
g
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
g
g
l
aq, 400
l
l
g
l
l
aq, 200
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 400
g
aq, 2000
l
aq, 200
l
aq, 400
g
aq
-175.6
-214.9
-214.8
-8.66
-28.80
-25.4
-11.51
-22.063
-39.85
31.1
24.2
-28.18
-23.4
-31.4
-116.2
-116.74
-196.7
-194.6
-97.8
-98.0
-167.19
-64.2
-75.75
6.27
-13.47
-38
-56.77
-54.8
70.3
-31.99
-41.35
-49.210
-112.91
-252.15
-57.7979
-68.3174
-45.16
-45.80
-145.5
-145.6
-232.2
-232.2
-306.2
-309.32
-4.77
-9.38
-3.6
-146.88
-193.69
-212.03
20.5
18.1
-153.04
Hydrogen (Cont.)
H2SeO3
H2SeO4
24.47
H2SiO3
H4SiO4
H2Te
H2TeO3
H2TeO4
Indium
In
InBr3
InCl3
InI3
4.21
-0.76
18.71
-183.93
-12.72
-24.58
-19.90
5.00
-22.778
-31.330
27.94
26.55
-19.11
-0.25
-10.70
-93.56
-96.8
-165.64
-82.7
-85.1
-149.0
-64.7
0.365
-12.35
-23.33
-32.25
78.50
-17.57
-19.05
-78.36
-193.70
-54.6351
-56.6899
-28.23
-31.47
-120.0
-204.0
-270.0
-7.85
-128.54
17.0
18.4
State†
Compound
InN
In2O3
Iodine
I2
IBr
ICl
ICl3
I 2 O5
Iridium
Ir
IrCl
IrCl2
IrCl3
IrF6
IrO2
Iron
Fe
FeBr2
FeBr3
Fe3C
Fe(CO)5
FeCO3
FeCl2
FeCl3
FeF2
FeI2
FeI3
Fe4N
Fe(NO3)2
Fe(NO3)3
FeO
Fe2O3
Fe3O4
Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
FeO⋅SiO2
Fe2P
FeSi
FeS
FeS2
FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3
FeTiO3
Lanthanum
La
LaCl3
La3H8
LaN
La2O3
LaS2
La2S3
La2(SO4)3
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c
g
c
aq
aq
-126.5
-122.4
-130.23
-143.4
-267.8
-340.6
36.9
-145.0
-145.0
-165.6
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
0.00
-97.2
-112.9
-128.5
-145.6
-56.5
-67.2
-4.8
-222.47
c
g
g
g
c
c
0.00
14.88
10.05
4.20
-21.8
-42.5
0.00
4.63
1.24
-1.32
-6.05
c
c
c
c
l
c
0.00
-20.5
-40.6
-60.5
-130
-40.14
0.00
-16.9
-32.0
-46.5
c, α
c
aq, 540
aq
c
l
c, siderite
c
aq
c
aq, 2000
aq, 1200
c
aq
aq
c
aq
aq, 800
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, pyrites
c, marcasite
c
aq, 400
aq, 400
c, ilmenite
0.00
-57.15
-78.7
-95.5
5.69
-187.6
-172.4
-81.9
-100.0
-96.4
-128.5
-177.2
-24.2
-47.7
-49.7
-2.55
-118.9
-156.5
-64.62
-198.5
-266.9
-135.9
-197.3
-273.5
-13
-19.0
-22.64
-38.62
-33.0
-221.3
-236.2
-653.3
-295.51
0.00
c
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
aq
0.00
-253.1
-284.7
-160
-72.0
-539
-148.3
-351.4
-972
-101.36
-247.9
33.1
-115.7
0.00
-97.2
-117.5
-60.5
-69.47
-76.26
4.24
-154.8
-72.6
-83.0
-96.5
-151.7
-45
-39.5
0.862
-72.8
-81.3
-59.38
-179.1
-242.3
-115.7
-166.3
-23.23
-35.93
-195.5
-196.4
-533.4
-277.06
0.00
-64.6
(Continued)
2-162
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
Lead
Pb
PbBr2
PbCO3
Pb(C2H3O2)2
PbC2O4
PbCl2
PbF2
PbI2
Pb(NO3)2
PbO
PbO2
Pb3O4
Pb(OH)2
PbS
PbSO4
Lithium
Li
LiBr
LiBrO3
Li2C2
LiCN
LiCNO
LiC2H3O2
Li2CO3
LiCl
LiClO3
LiClO4
LiF
LiH
LiHCO3
LiI
LiIO3
Li3N
LiNO3
Li2O
Li2O2
LiOH
LiOH⋅H2O
Li2O⋅SiO2
Li2Se
Li2SO4
Li2SO4⋅H2O
Magnesium
Mg
Mg(AsO4)2
MgBr2
Mg(CN)2
MgCN2
Mg(C2H3O2)2
MgCO3
MgCl2
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
c
c
aq
c, cerussite
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq
c
c
c
aq, 400
c, red
c, yellow
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
-66.24
-56.4
-167.6
-232.6
-234.2
-205.3
-85.68
-82.5
-159.5
-41.77
-106.88
-99.46
-51.72
-50.86
-65.0
-172.4
-123.0
-22.38
-218.5
0.00
-62.06
-54.97
-150.0
c
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
aq
aq
c
aq, 1900
c
aq, 278
aq
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 2000
c
aq, 400
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
gls
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
0.00
-83.75
-95.40
-77.9
-13.0
-31.4
-101.2
-183.9
-289.7
-293.1
-97.63
-106.45
-87.5
-106.3
-145.57
-144.85
-22.9
-231.1
-65.07
-80.09
-121.3
-47.45
-115.350
-115.88
-142.3
-151.9
-159
-116.58
-121.47
-188.92
-374
-84.9
-95.5
-340.23
-347.02
-411.57
c
c
aq
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
0.00
-731.3
-749
-123.9
-167.33
-39.7
-61
-344.6
-261.7
-153.220
-189.76
State†
-184.40
-75.04
-68.47
-148.1
-41.47
-58.3
-45.53
-43.88
-52.0
-142.2
-102.2
-21.98
-192.9
0.00
-95.28
-65.70
-31.35
-94.12
-160.00
-269.8
-267.58
-102.03
-70.95
-81.4
Compound
Magnesium (Cont.)
MgCl2⋅H2O
MgCl2⋅2H2O
MgCl2⋅4H2O
MgCl2⋅6H2O
MgF2
MgI2
MgMoO4
Mg3N2
Mg(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2⋅2H2O
Mg(NO3)2⋅6H2O
MgO
MgO⋅SiO2
Mg(OH)2
MgS
MgSO4
MgTe
MgWO4
Manganese
Mn
MnBr2
Mn3C
Mn(C2H3O2)2
MnCO3
MnC2O4
MnCl2
MnF2
MnI2
-136.40
-210.98
-83.03
-102.95
-37.33
-96.95
-138.0
-106.44
-108.29
-105.64
-314.66
-375.07
0.00
Mn5N2
Mn(NO3)2
Mn(NO3)2.6H2O
MnO
MnO2
Mn2O3
Mn3O4
MnO.SiO2
Mn(OH)2
Mn(OH)3
Mn3(PO4)2
MnSe
MnS
MnSO4
Mn2(SO4)3
Mercury
Hg
HgBr
HgBr2
-630.14
Hg(C2H3O2)2
-156.94
-29.08
HgCl2
-286.38
-241.7
-143.77
HgCl
Hg2Cl2
Hg(CN)2
HgC2O4
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
c
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c, ppt.
c, brucite
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c
-230.970
-305.810
-453.820
-597.240
-263.8
-86.8
-136.79
-329.9
-115.2
-188.770
-209.927
-336.625
-624.48
-143.84
-347.5
-221.90
-223.9
-84.2
-108
-304.94
-325.4
-25
-345.2
c, α
c
aq
c
c
aq
c
c
c
aq, 400
aq, 1200
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, green
c
aq, 400
c
aq
0.00
-91
-106
1.1
-270.3
-282.7
-211
-240.9
-112.0
-128.9
-206.1
-49.8
-76.2
-57.77
-134.9
-148.0
-557.07
-92.04
-124.58
-229.5
-331.65
-301.3
-163.4
-221
-736
-26.3
-47.0
-254.18
-265.2
-635
-657
l
g
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
g
c
c
aq, 1110
c
0.00
23
-40.68
-38.4
-196.3
-192.5
-53.4
-50.3
19
-63.13
62.8
66.25
-159.3
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
-205.93
-267.20
-387.98
-505.45
-132.45
-100.8
-140.66
-160.28
-496.03
-136.17
-326.7
-200.17
-193.3
-277.7
-283.88
0.00
-97.8
1.26
-227.2
-192.5
-102.2
-180.0
-73.3
-46.49
-101.1
-441.2
-86.77
-111.49
-209.9
-306.22
-282.1
-143.1
-190
-27.5
-48.0
-228.41
0.00
18
-38.8
-9.74
-139.2
-42.2
-23.25
14
PROPERTIES OF FORMATIOn AnD COMBUSTIOn REACTIOnS
2-163
TABLE 2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
g
c, red
g
c
aq
aq
c, red
c, yellow ppt.
c
c, black
c
c
57.1
-25.3
33
-28.88
-56.8
-58.5
-21.6
-20.8
-21.6
-10.7
-166.6
-177.34
52.25
-24.0
23
-26.53
-13.09
-15.65
-13.94
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
4.36
-8.3
-130
-180.39
-56.27
-61.48
c
c
aq
c
aq
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 200
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 200
0.00
-53.4
-72.6
9.2
-249.6
230.9
-75.0
-94.34
-157.5
-171.6
-22.4
-42.0
-101.5
-113.5
-58.4
-129.8
-163.2
-20.4
-216
-231.3
g
g
g
aq, 200
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 500
0.00
-27
-10.96
-19.27
-64.57
-60.27
-148.1
-148.58
-0.7
3.6
-17.8
-12.3
-223.4
-266.3
-260.6
-75.23
-71.20
-69.4
-63.2
-276.9
-271.3
-111.6
-110.2
-48.43
-44.97
-87.40
-80.89
State†
Compound
Mercury (Cont.)
HgH
HgI2
HgI
Hg2I2
Hg(NO3)2
Hg2(NO3)2
HgO
Hg2O
HgS
HgSO4
Hg2SO4
Molybdenum
Mo
Mo2C
Mo2N
MoO2
MoO3
MoS2
MoS3
Nickel
Ni
NiBr2
Ni3C
Ni(C2H3O2)2
Ni(CN)2
NiCl2
NiF2
NiI2
Ni(NO3)2
NiO
Ni(OH)2
Ni(OH)3
NiS
NiSO4
Nitrogen
N2
NF3
NH3
NH4Br
NH4C2H3O2
NH4CN
NH4CNS
(NH4)2CO3
(NH4)2C2O4
NH4Cl
NH4ClO4
(NH4)2CrO4
NH4F
NH4I
NH4NO3
-12.80
-8.80
-149.12
0.00
2.91
-118.0
-162.01
-54.19
-57.38
0.00
-60.7
8.88
-190.1
66.3
-74.19
-142.9
-36.2
-64.0
-51.7
-105.6
-187.6
Nitrogen (Cont.)
NH4OH
(NH4)2S
(NH4)2SO4
N2H4
N2H4⋅H2O
N2H4⋅H2SO4
N2O
NO
NO2
N2O4
N2O5
NOBr
NOCl
Osmium
Os
OsO4
Oxygen
O2
O3
Palladium
Pd
PdO
Phosphorus
P
P
P2
P4
PBr3
PBr5
PCl3
PCl5
PH3
PI3
P2O5
POCl3
Platinum
Pt
PtBr4
0.00
-3.903
-43.54
-108.26
20.4
4.4
-164.1
-196.2
-48.59
-21.1
PtCl2
PtCl4
PtI4
Pt(OH)2
PtS
PtS2
Potassium
K
K3AsO3
K3AsO4
KH2AsO4
KBr
KBrO3
KC2H3O2
KCl
-209.3
-84.7
-31.3
State†
Compound
KClO3
KClO4
KCN
aq
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
l
l
c
g
g
g
g
c
l
g
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
-87.59
-55.21
-281.74
-279.33
12.06
-57.96
-232.2
19.55
21.600
7.96
2.23
-10.0
11.6
12.8
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
-14.50
-215.06
-214.02
24.82
20.719
12.26
23.41
19.26
16.1
c
c
g
0.00
-93.6
-80.1
0.00
-70.9
-68.1
g
g
0.00
33.88
0.00
38.86
c
c
0.00
-20.40
0.00
0.00
-4.22
150.35
33.82
13.2
-45
-60.6
-70.0
-76.8
-91.0
2.21
-10.9
-360.0
-138.4
0.00
-1.80
141.88
24.60
5.89
c, white (“yellow”)
c, red (“violet”)
g
g
g
l
c
g
l
g
g
c
c
g
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
aq
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 1667
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
0.00
-40.6
-50.7
-34
-62.6
-82.3
-18
-87.5
-20.18
-26.64
0.00
-323.0
-390.3
-271.2
-94.06
-89.19
-81.58
-71.68
-173.80
-177.38
-104.348
-100.164
-93.5
-81.34
-103.8
-101.14
-28.1
-25.3
-65.2
-63.3
-73.2
-1.45
-127.2
0.00
-67.9
-18.55
-24.28
0.00
-355.7
-236.7
-90.8
-92.0
-60.30
-156.73
-97.76
-98.76
-69.30
-72.86
-28.08
(Continued)
2-164
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Compound
Potassium (Cont.)
KCNO
KCNS
K2CO3
K2C2O4
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
KF
K3Fe(CN)6
K4Fe(CN)6
KH
KHCO3
KI
KIO3
KIO4
KMnO4
K2MoO4
KNH2
KNO2
KNO3
K2O
K2O⋅Al2O3⋅SiO2
K2O⋅Al2O3⋅SiO2
KOH
K3PO3
K3PO4
KH2PO4
K2PtCl4
K2PtCl6
K2Se
K2SeO4
K2S
K2SO3
K2SO4
K2SO4⋅Al2(SO4)3
K2SO4⋅Al2(SO4)3·
24H2O
K2S2O6
Rhenium
Re
ReF6
Rhodium
Rh
RhO
Rh2O
Rh2O3
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 180
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
aq, 2000
c
aq, 500
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq, 400
aq, 880
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c, leucite
gls
c, adularia
c, microcline
gls
c
aq, 400
aq
aq
c
c
aq
c
aq, 9400
c
aq
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
-99.6
-94.5
-47.0
-41.07
-274.01
-280.90
-319.9
-315.5
-333.4
-328.2
-488.5
-472.1
-134.50
-138.36
-48.4
-34.5
-131.8
-119.9
-10
-229.8
-224.85
-78.88
-73.95
-121.69
-115.18
-98.1
-192.9
-182.5
-364.2
-28.25
-86.0
-118.08
-109.79
-86.2
-1379.6
-1368.2
-1784.5
-1784.5
-1747
-102.02
-114.96
-397.5
-478.7
-362.7
-254.7
-242.6
-299.5
-286.1
-74.4
-83.4
-267.1
-121.5
-110.75
-267.7
-269.7
-342.65
-336.48
-1178.38
c
c
-2895.44
-418.62
-2455.68
c
g
0.00
-274
0.00
c
c
c
c
0.00
-21.7
-22.7
-68.3
0.00
-90.85
Rubidium
Rb
RbBr
-44.08
-264.04
RbCN
Rb2CO3
-293.1
RbCl
-306.3
RbF
-440.9
-133.13
RbHCO3
RbI
-5.3
-207.71
-77.37
-79.76
-101.87
-99.68
-169.1
-168.0
-342.9
-75.9
-94.29
-93.68
-105.0
-443.3
-326.1
-226.5
-263.6
-99.10
-240.0
-111.44
-251.3
-314.62
-310.96
-1068.48
State†
Compound
RbNH2
RbNO3
Rb2O
Rb2O2
RbOH
Ruthenium
Ru
RuS2
Selenium
Se
Se2Cl2
SeF6
SeO2
Silicon
Si
SiBr4
SiC
SiCl4
SiF4
SiH4
SiI4
Si3N4
SiO2
Silver
Ag
AgBr
Ag2C2
AgC2H3O2
AgCN
Ag2CO3
Ag2C2O4
AgCl
AgF
AgI
AgIO3
AgNO2
AgNO3
Ag2O
c
c
g
aq, 500
aq
c
aq, 220
c
g
aq, ∞
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 2000
c
g
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq, 200
c
c
c, I, hexagonal
c, II, red, monoclinic
l
g
c
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
0.00
-95.82
-45.0
-90.54
-25.9
-273.22
-282.61
-105.06
-53.6
-101.06
-133.23
-139.31
-230.01
-225.59
-81.04
-31.2
-74.57
-27.74
-119.22
-110.52
-82.9
-107
-101.3
-115.8
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
0.00
-52.50
-93.38
-263.78
-98.48
-57.9
-100.13
-134.5
-209.07
-40.5
-81.13
-95.05
-106.39
0.00
-46.99
0.00
-44.11
0.00
0.2
0.00
-22.06
-246
-56.33
-13.73
-222
0.00
-93.0
-28
-150.0
-142.5
-370
-14.8
-29.8
-179.25
-202.62
0.00
c
l
c
l
g
g
g
c
c
c, cristobalite,
1600° form
c, cristobalite,
1100° form
c, quartz
c, tridymite
-203.35
-203.23
c
c
c
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq
c
aq, 6500
c
0.00
-23.90
84.5
-95.9
-91.7
33.8
-119.5
-158.7
-30.11
-48.7
-53.1
-15.14
-42.02
-11.6
-2.9
-29.4
-24.02
-6.95
-27.4
-133.9
-133.0
-360
-9.4
-154.74
-202.46
-190.4
0.00
-23.02
-70.86
38.70
-103.0
-25.98
-47.26
-16.17
-24.08
3.76
9.99
-7.66
-7.81
-2.23
PROPERTIES OF FORMATIOn AnD COMBUSTIOn REACTIOnS
2-165
TABLE 2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Compound
Silver (Cont.)
Ag2S
Ag2SO4
Sodium
Na
Na3AsO3
Na3AsO4
NaBr
NaBrO
NaBrO3
NaC2H3O2
NaCN
NaCNO
NaCNS
Na2CO3
NaCO2NH2
Na2C2O4
NaCl
NaClO3
NaClO4
Na2CrO4
Na2Cr2O7
NaF
NaH
NaHCO3
NaI
NaIO3
Na2MoO4
NaNO2
NaNO3
Na2O
Na2O2
Na2O⋅SiO2
Na2O⋅Al2O3⋅3SiO2
Na2O⋅Al2O3⋅4SiO2
NaOH
Na3PO3
Na3PO4
Na2PtCl4
Na2PtCl6
Na2Se
Na2SeO4
Na2S
Na2SO3
Na2SO4
c
c
aq
c
aq, 500
c
aq, 500
c
aq, 400
aq
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 200
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 1000
c
c
aq, 600
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 476
c
aq, 800
aq, 1200
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq
c
aq, ∞
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c, natrolite
c
c
aq, 400
aq, 1000
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 440
c
aq, 800
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 800
c
aq, 1100
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
-5.5
-170.1
-165.8
-7.6
-146.8
-139.22
0.00
-314.61
-366
-381.97
-86.72
-86.33
-78.9
-68.89
-170.45
-175.450
-22.47
-22.29
-96.3
-91.7
-39.94
-38.23
-269.46
-275.13
-142.17
-313.8
-309.92
-98.321
-97.324
-83.59
-78.42
-101.12
-97.66
-319.8
-323.0
-465.9
-135.94
-135.711
-14
-226.0
-222.1
-69.28
-71.10
-112.300
-364
-358.7
-86.6
-83.1
-111.71
-106.880
-99.45
-119.2
-383.91
-1180
-1366
-101.96
-112.193
-389.1
-457
-471.9
-237.2
-272.1
-280.9
-59.1
-78.1
-254
-261.5
-89.8
-105.17
-261.2
-264.1
-330.50
-330.82
0.00
-341.17
-87.17
-57.59
-152.31
-23.24
-86.00
-39.24
-249.55
-251.36
-283.42
-91.894
-93.92
Sodium (Cont.)
Na2SO4⋅10H2O
Na2WO4
Strontium
Sr
SrBr2
Sr(C2H3O2)2
Sr(CN)2
SrCO3
SrCl2
SrF2
Sr(HCO3)2
SrI2
Sr3N2
Sr(NO3)2
SrO
SrO⋅SiO2
SrO2
Sr2O
Sr(OH)2
Sr3(PO4)2
-62.84
SrS
-73.29
SrSO4
-296.58
-431.18
-129.0
-128.29
-9.30
-202.66
-202.87
SrWO4
Sulfur
S
-74.92
-94.84
-333.18
-71.04
-87.62
-88.84
-90.06
-105.0
-361.49
-90.60
-100.18
-428.74
-216.78
-89.42
-230.30
-101.76
-240.14
-241.58
-302.38
-301.28
State†
Compound
S2
S6
S8
S2Br2
SCl4
S2Cl2
S2Cl4
SF6
SO
SO2
SO3
SO2Cl2
Tantalum
Ta
TaN
Ta2O5
Tellurium
Te
TeBr4
TeCl4
TeF6
TeO2
Thallium
Tl
TlBr
TlCl
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
gls
c
c
c
aq, 800
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
-1033.85
-391
-381.5
-870.52
0.00
-171.0
-187.24
-358.0
-364.4
-59.5
-290.9
-197.84
-209.20
-289.0
-459.1
-136.1
-156.70
-91.4
-233.2
-228.73
-140.8
-364
-153.3
-153.6
-228.7
-239.4
-980
-985
-113.1
-120.4
-345.3
-345.0
-393
0.00
-0.071
0.257
-345.18
0.00
-182.36
-311.80
-54.50
-271.9
-195.86
-413.76
-157.87
-76.5
-185.70
-133.7
-139.0
-208.27
-881.54
-109.78
-309.30
c, rhombic
c, monoclinic
l, λ
l, λµ equilibrium
g
g
g
g
l
l
l
l
g
g
g
g
l
c, α
c, β
c, γ
g
l
0.00
0.023
0.072
0.071
43.57
19.36
13.97
12.770
53.25
31.02
27.78
27.090
-4
-13.7
-14.2
-24.1
-262
19.02
-70.94
-94.39
-103.03
-105.09
-105.92
-109.34
-82.04
-89.80
-237
12.75
-71.68
-88.59
-88.28
-88.22
-88.34
-88.98
-74.06
-75.06
c
c
c
0.00
-51.2
-486.0
0.00
-45.11
-453.7
c
c
c
g
c
0.00
-49.3
-77.4
-315
-77.56
0.00
-57.4
-292
-64.66
c
c
aq
c
aq
0.00
-41.5
-28.0
-49.37
-38.4
0.00
-39.43
-32.34
-44.46
-39.09
-5.90
(Continued)
2-166
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-94 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
Thallium (Cont.)
TlCl3
TlF
TlI
TlNO3
Tl2O
Tl2O3
TlOH
Tl2S
Tl2SO4
Thorium
Th
ThBr4
ThC2
ThCl4
ThI4
Th3N4
ThO2
Th(OH)4
Th(SO4)2
Tin
Sn
SnBr2
SnBr4
SnCl2
SnCl4
SnI2
SnO
SnO2
Sn(OH)2
Sn(OH)4
SnS
Titanium
Ti
TiC
TiCl4
TiN
TiO2
†
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
c
aq
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 800
-82.4
-91.0
-77.6
-31.1
-12.7
-58.2
-48.4
-43.18
-120
-57.44
-53.9
-22
-222.8
-214.1
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
aq
c
c
c, “soluble”
c
aq
0.00
-281.5
-352.0
-45.1
-335
-392
-292.0
-309.0
-291.6
-336.1
-632
-668.1
c, II, tetragonal
c, III, “gray,” cubic
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
l
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
0.6
-61.4
-60.0
-94.8
-110.6
-83.6
-81.7
-127.3
-157.6
-38.9
-33.3
-67.7
-138.1
-136.2
-268.9
-18.61
c
c
l
c
c, III, rutil
amorphous
0.00
-110
-181.4
-80.0
-225.0
-214.1
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
-44.25
-73.46
-31.3
-20.09
-36.32
-34.01
-45.54
-45.35
-197.79
-191.62
0.00
-295.31
-322.32
-246.33
-282.3
-280.1
-549.2
0.00
1.1
-55.43
-97.66
-68.94
-110.4
-124.67
-30.95
-60.75
-123.6
-115.95
-226.00
0.00
-109.2
-165.5
-73.17
-211.9
-201.4
Heat of
formation‡§
ΔH ( formation) at
25°C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation∙¶ ΔF
( formation)
at 25°C,
kcal/mol
c
c
c
c
0.00
-130.5
-195.7
-84
0.00
-118.3
-177.3
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
-29
-213
-251
-274
-256.6
-756.8
-291.6
-845.1
0.00
c
c
l
l
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
-147
-187
-165
-41.43
-195
-296
-342
-373
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
aq, 400
c, hexagonal
c
c, rhombic
c, wurtzite
c
aq, 400
0.00
-3.6
-77.0
-93.6
-259.4
-269.4
17.06
-192.9
-99.9
-115.44
-192.9
-50.50
-61.6
-134.9
-83.36
-282.6
-153.66
-45.3
-233.4
-252.12
c
c
c
c
c, monoclinic
c
c
0.00
-29.8
-268.9
-82.5
-258.5
-411.0
-337
State†
Compound
Tungsten
W
WO2
WO3
WS2
Uranium
U
UC2
UCl3
UCl4
U3N4
UO2
UO2(NO3)2⋅6H2O
UO3
U3O8
Vanadium
V
VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
VN
V2O2
V2O3
V2O4
V2O5
Zinc
Zn
ZnSb
ZnBr2
Zn(C2H3O2)2
Zn(CN)2
ZnCO3
ZnCl2
ZnF2
ZnI2
Zn(NO3)2
ZnO
ZnO⋅SiO2
Zn(OH)2
ZnS
ZnSO4
Zirconium
Zr
ZrC
ZrCl4
ZrN
ZrO2
Zr(OH)4
ZrO(OH)2
-249.6
-242.2
-617.8
0.00
-35.08
-277
-316
-342
0.00
-3.88
-72.9
-214.4
-173.5
-88.8
-166.6
-49.93
-87.7
-76.19
-44.2
-211.28
0.00
-34.6
-75.9
-244.6
-307.6
The physical state is indicated as follows: c, crystal (solid); l, liquid; g, gas; gls, glass or solid supercooled liquid; aq, in aqueous solution. A number following the
symbol aq applies only to the values of the heats of formation (not to those of free energies of formation); and indicates the number of moles of water per mole of solute;
when no number is given, the solution is understood to be dilute. For the free energy of formation of a substance in aqueous solution, the concentration is always that
of the hypothetical solution of unit molality.
‡
The increment in heat content, ΔH, is the reaction of forming the given substance from its elements in their standard states. When ΔH is negative, heat is evolved in
the process, and, when positive, heat is absorbed.
§
The heat of solution in water of a given solid, liquid, or gaseous compound is given by the difference in the value for the heat of formation of the given compound in
the solid, liquid, or gaseous state and its heat of formation in aqueous solution. The following two examples serve as an illustration of the procedure: (1) For NaCl(c) and
NaCl(aq, 400H2O), the values of ΔH( formation) are, respectively, -98.321 and -97.324 kcal/mol. Subtraction of the first value from the second gives
ΔH = 0.998 kcal/mol for the reaction of dissolving crystalline sodium chloride in 400 mol of water. When this process occurs at a constant pressure of 1 atm, 0.998 kg-cal
of energy are absorbed. (2) For HCl(g) and HCl(aq, 400H2O), the values for ΔH( formation) are, respectively, -22.06 and -39.85 kcal/mol. Subtraction of the first from the
second gives ΔH = -17.79 kcal/mol for the reaction of dissolving gaseous hydrogen chloride in 400 mol of water. At a constant pressure of 1 atm, 17.79 kcal of energy are
evolved in this process.
∙The increment in the free energy, ΔF, is the reaction of forming the given substance in its standard state from its elements in their standard states. The standard
states are: for a gas, fugacity (approximately equal to the pressure) of 1 atm; for a pure liquid or solid, the substance at a pressure of 1 atm; for a substance in aqueous
solution, the hypothetical solution of unit molality, which has all the properties of the infinitely dilute solution except the property of concentration.
¶ The free energy of solution of a given substance from its normal standard state as a solid, liquid, or gas to the hypothetical one molal state in aqueous solution may
be calculated in a manner similar to that described in footnote § for calculating the heat of solution.
TABLE 2-95 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K
Cmpd. no.
2-167
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Formula
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CAS
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
Mol. wt.
44.05256
59.0672
60.052
102.08864
58.07914
41.0519
26.03728
56.06326
72.06266
53.0626
28.96
17.03052
108.13782
39.948
121.13658
78.11184
110.17684
122.12134
103.1213
182.2179
108.13782
136.19098
124.20342
154.2078
159.808
157.0079
108.965
94.93852
54.09044
54.09044
58.1222
90.121
90.121
74.1216
74.1216
56.10632
56.10632
56.10632
116.15828
134.21816
90.1872
90.1872
54.09044
72.10572
88.1051
69.1051
44.0095
76.1407
28.0101
Ideal gas enthalpy of
formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
-17.1
-23.83
-43.28
-57.55
-21.57
6.467
22.82
-8.18
-35.591
17.97
0
-4.5898
-6.79
0
-10.09
8.288
11.15
-29.41
21.57
5.68
-9.025
-11.5
9.33
17.849
3.091
10.5018
-6.36
-3.77
16.23
10.924
-12.579
-44.58
-43.32
-27.51
-29.29
-0.05
-0.74
-1.1
-48.56
-1.314
-8.78
-9.66
16.52
-20.62
-47.58
3.342
-39.351
11.69
-11.053
Ideal gas Gibbs energy of
formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
-13.78
-15.96
-37.45
-47.6
-15.13
8.241
21.068
-5.68
-30.6
18.92
0
-1.64
2.27
0
-0.211
12.96
14.76
-21.42
25.8
17.3
-0.254
3.37
16.3
27.63
0.314
13.8532
-2.574
-2.7037
19.86
14.972
-1.67
-30.44
-29.18
-15.07
-16.7
7.041
6.536
6.32
-31.26
14.54
1.139
0.512
20.225
-11.48
-36
10.57
-39.437
6.68
-13.715
Ideal gas entropy,
J/(kmol∙K) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy of
combustion, J/kmol × 1E-09
2.6384
2.722
2.825
3.899
2.954
2.438
2.0081
2.97
3.15
2.77267
1.94452
1.9266
3.61
1.54845
3.641
2.693
3.369
3.69
3.21
4.4
3.713
4.39
3.607
3.9367
2.4535
3.24386
2.873
2.421
2.93
2.7889
3.0991
4.065
4.065
3.618
3.566
3.074
3.012
2.965
4.425
4.3949
3.752
3.667
2.9039
3.418
3.601
3.337
2.13677
2.379
1.97556
-1.1046
-1.0741
-0.7866
-1.675
-1.659
-1.18118
-1.257
-1.5468
-1.32717
-1.71238
0
-0.31683
-3.6072
0
-3.39877
-3.136
-3.4474
-3.0951
-3.524
-6.2876
-3.56
-4.83
-4.06
-6.248
0
-3.01917
-1.301
-0.7185
-2.4617
-2.409
-2.65732
-2.2678
-2.2824
-2.454
-2.446
-2.5408
-2.5339
-2.53
-3.28
-5.5644
-2.9554
-2.949
-2.4647
-2.301
-2.008
-2.4146
-1.0769
-0.283
(Continued)
2-168
TABLE 2-95 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Continued )
Cmpd. no.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Name
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Formula
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CAS
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
Mol. wt.
153.8227
88.0043
70.906
112.5569
64.5141
119.37764
50.4875
78.54068
78.54068
108.13782
108.13782
108.13782
120.19158
52.0348
56.10632
84.15948
100.15888
98.143
82.1436
70.1329
68.11702
42.07974
116.22448
156.2652
142.28168
172.265
158.28108
140.2658
174.34668
138.24992
4.0316
187.86116
187.86116
173.83458
130.22792
147.00196
147.00196
147.00196
98.95916
98.95916
84.93258
112.98574
112.98574
105.13564
73.13684
74.1216
90.1872
66.04997
66.04997
Ideal gas enthalpy of
formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy of
formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
-9.581
-92.21
0
5.109
-11.23
-10.29
-8.57
-13.32
-14.477
-13.23
-12.857
-12.535
0.4
30.894
2.85
-12.33
-28.62
-22.61
-0.46
-7.703
3.23
5.33
-9.602
-33.17
-24.946
-59.43
-39.85
-12.47
-21.09
4.1
0
-4.08
-3.89
-5.354
-87.76
0
9.829
-6.045
-7.01
-6.209
-5.251
-6.136
-4.019
-3.543
-3.166
13.79
29.76
11.22
3.191
-10.95
-9.028
10.77
3.885
11.05
10.44
4.886
-6.349
3.318
-30.5
-10.02
12.27
6.165
25.16
0
-1.181
-1.054
-33.34
2.57
3.02
2.25
-12.941
-12.979
-9.552
-15.08
-16.28
-40.847
-7.142
-25.21
-8.356
-49.7
-44.77
-8.827
7.79
8.29
7.67
-7.259
-7.3945
-6.896
-6.52
-8.018
-22.574
7.308
-12.21
1.774
-43.9485
-39.19
Ideal gas entropy,
J/(kmol∙K) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy of
combustion, J/kmol × 1E-09
3.0991
2.62
2.23079
3.1403
2.758
2.956
2.341
3.155
3.0594
3.5604
3.5259
3.5075
3.86
2.4117
2.64396
2.97276
3.277
3.3426
3.10518
2.929
2.91267
2.37378
3.646
5.672
5.457
5.99
5.971
5.433
6.116
5.263
1.4486
3.276
3.297
2.92964
5.014
3.4353
3.4185
3.3674
3.0501
3.0828
2.7018
3.448
3.548
4.29
3.522
3.423
3.681
2.824
2.88194
-0.2653
0.5286
0
-2.976
-1.279
-0.38
-0.6705
-1.864
-1.863
-3.52783
-3.528
-3.52256
-4.951
-1.096
-2.5678
-3.656
-3.4639
-3.299
-3.532
-3.0709
-2.9393
-1.9593
-3.968
-5.958
-6.29422
-5.72
-6.116
-6.1809
-6.6161
-6.1037
-0.24625
-1.16
-1.1769
-4.94691
-2.825
-2.826
-2.802
-1.1104
-1.105
-0.51388
-1.72
-1.707
-2.4105
-2.8003
-2.5035
-2.9607
-0.773662
-0.823
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Difluoromethane
Diisopropyl amine
Diisopropyl ether
Diisopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
52.02339
101.19
102.17476
114.18546
90.121
104.14758
54.09044
45.08368
86.17536
112.21264
112.21264
112.21264
94.19904
46.06844
73.09378
100.20194
194.184
60.17042
62.134
78.13344
194.184
88.10512
170.2072
101.19
170.33484
282.54748
30.069
46.06844
88.10512
45.08368
106.165
150.1745
116.15828
116.15828
112.21264
98.18606
28.05316
60.09832
62.06784
43.0678
44.05256
74.07854
144.211
130.22792
88.14818
100.15888
62.13404
102.1317
88.14818
163.506
37.9968064
96.1023032
-45.23
-14.38
-31.92
-31.14
-38.97
-38.42
14.57
-1.845
-17.68
-18.1
-17.2172
-17.9996
-2.42
-18.41
-19.17
-19.41
-60.5
-9.47
-3.724
-15.046
-62.742
-31.58
5.2
-11.6
-29.072
-45.646
-8.382
-23.495
-44.45
-4.715
2.992
-32.6
-53.78
-48.55
-17.15
-12.69
5.251
-1.73
-39.22
12.3428
-5.263
-38.83
-55.95
-33.37
-28.58
-28.61
-4.63
-46.36
-27.22
-59.15
0
-11.6566
-42.4747
6.42
-12.48
-12.37
-23.8
-20.11
18.49
6.839
-0.3125
3.52293
4.12124
3.44761
1.516
-11.28
-8.84
0.5717
-46.7749
-1.925
0.7302
-8.1441
-41.97
-18.16
17.5
11.96
4.981
11.57
-3.192
-16.785
-32.8
3.616
13.073
-19.05
-35.9
-31.22
3.955
4.48
6.844
10.3
-30.18
17.7987
-1.323
-30.31
-32.49
-9.042
-12.64
-13.3
-0.4814
-31.93
-11.52
-50.66
0
-6.9036
2.4658
4.12
3.989
4.27
3.726
4.038
2.833
2.7296
3.6592
3.65012
3.7451
3.70912
3.35291
2.667
3.26
4.1455
6.6
2.9953
2.8585
3.0627
4.245
3.0012
4.13
3.2
6.2415
9.3787
2.2912
2.8064
3.597
2.848
3.6063
4.55
4.23
4.417
3.826
3.783
2.192
3.21833
3.04891
2.5062
2.4299
3.282
5.097
5.076
3.8
4.069
2.961
4.025
3.881
4.07
2.02789
3.02629
-0.183031
-3.99
-3.70261
-4.095
-2.394
-2.996
-2.4189
-1.6146
-3.84761
-4.8639
-4.87084
-4.86436
-2.0441
-1.3284
-1.78871
-4.46075
-4.4662
-2.569
-1.7443
-1.6054
-4.41057
-2.1863
-5.8939
-4.0189
-7.51368
-12.3908
-1.42864
-1.235
-2.061
-1.5874
-4.3448
-4.41
-3.21203
-3.284
-4.87051
-4.2839
-1.323
-1.691
-1.0527
-1.481
-1.218
-1.50696
-4.448
-4.943
-3.103
-3.4863
-1.7366
-2.674
-3.12
-1.67471
-2.81451
2-169
(Continued)
2-170
TABLE 2-95 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Continued )
Cmpd. no.
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
Name
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Formula
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
BrH
ClH
CHN
FH
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
CAS
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
Mol. wt.
Ideal gas enthalpy of
formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy of
formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas entropy,
J/(kmol∙K) × 1E-05
48.0595
34.03292
30.02598
45.04062
46.0257
68.07396
4.0026
240.46774
114.18546
100.20194
130.185
116.20134
116.20134
114.18546
114.18546
98.18606
132.26694
96.17018
226.44116
100.15888
86.17536
116.158
102.17476
102.175
100.15888
100.15888
84.15948
82.1436
118.24036
82.1436
82.1436
32.04516
2.01588
80.91194
36.46094
27.02534
20.0063432
34.08088
88.10512
59.11026
104.06146
86.08924
16.0425
32.04186
73.09378
74.07854
40.06386
86.08924
31.0571
-26.44
-23.43
-10.86
-19.22
-37.88
-3.48
0
-39.445
-26.48
-18.765
-53.62
-33.68
-35.3
-30.1
-30.0453
-6.289
-14.95
10.3
-37.417
-24.8
-16.694
-51.19
-31.62
-33.46
-27.9826
-27.76
-4.167
10.6
-12.92
12.37
10.5
9.5353
0
-3.629
-9.231
13.5143
-27.33
-2.063
-48.41
-8.38
-77.89
-36.8
-7.452
-20.094
-24
-41.19
18.49
-33.3
-2.297
-21.23
-21.03
-10.26
-14.71
-35.11
0.08225
0
9.083
-8.367
0.8165
-33.4
-12.55
-13.7
-12.25
-11.96
9.482
3.622
22.7
8.216
-9.92
-0.006634
-33.8
-13.39
-15.06
-13.0081
-12.6
8.7
19.9
2.759
21.85
19.9
15.917
0
-5.334
-9.53
12.4725
-27.54
-3.344
-36.21
3.192
-69.29
-28.8
-5.049
-16.232
-13.5
-32.42
19.384
-25.7
3.207
2.644
2.22734
2.19
2.4857
2.487
2.6714
1.26152
8.2023
4.5
4.2798
4.8
4.795
4.66
4.58
4.486
4.252
4.939
4.085
7.8102
4.22
3.8874
4.41
4.402
4.349
4.17856
4.092
3.863
3.76
4.546
3.694
3.72
2.3861
1.30571
1.98591
1.86786
2.01719
1.7367
2.056
3.412
3.124
4.003
3.5
1.8627
2.3988
3.2
3.198
2.4836
3.66
2.433
Standard net enthalpy of
combustion, J/kmol × 1E-09
-1.127
-0.5219
-0.5268
-0.5021
-0.2115
-1.9959
0
-10.5618
-4.136
-4.46473
-3.839
-4.285
-4.27
-4.098
-4.09952
-4.3499
-4.7865
-4.2717
-9.95145
-3.524
-3.8551
-3.23
-3.675
-3.67
-3.49
-3.492
-3.7397
-3.64
-4.1762
-3.661
-3.64
-0.5342
-0.24182
-0.06904
-0.0286
-0.62329
0.1524
-0.518
-2.0004
-2.1566
-0.7732
-1.93
-0.80262
-0.6382
-1.71
-1.461
-1.8487
-1.9303
-0.97508
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
136.14792
68.11702
72.14878
102.1317
88.1482
70.1329
70.1329
66.10114
88.14818
104.214
68.11702
102.1317
80.5889
98.18606
114.18546
114.18546
114.18546
84.15948
82.1436
82.1436
115.03396
60.09502
72.10572
76.1606
60.05196
88.14818
100.15888
57.05132
74.1216
86.1323
90.1872
48.10746
100.11582
158.23802
86.17536
102.17476
58.1222
74.1216
56.10632
88.10512
74.1216
90.1872
46.14384
118.1757
88.1482
58.07914
128.17052
20.1797
75.0666
28.0134
71.0019096
-28.79
12.908
-15.37
-49.8
-30.3
-3.53
-4.18
26
-25.81
-10.2
13.8
-45.07
-21.5
-15.48
-33.2
-32.7
-35.26
-10.62
-0.38
0.74
-40.2
-21.64
-23.9
-5.96
-35.24
-26.6
-28.64
-6.24
-25.2
-26.26
-8.96
-2.29
-36
-57.95
-17.455
-27.8
-13.499
-31.24
-1.71
-42.75
-23.82
-8.23
-2.91
11.83
-28.3
-10.8
15.058
0
-10.21
0
-13.2089
-18.1
19.75
-1.405
-34.99
-14.54
6.668
6.045
30.25
-10.17
2.691
20.72
-30.53
-16.61
2.733
-12.9
-12.68
-15.24
3.63
10.38
11.38
-34.83
-11.71
-14.7
1.147
-29.5
-10.7
-13.51
0.0244
-12.18
-13.93
1.4509
-0.98
-25.4
-31.8
-0.5338
-9.321
-2.144
-17.76
5.808
-31.1
-11.1
1.793
1.853
21.73
-11.7
-4.73
22.408
0
-0.6125
0
-9.063
4.14
3.2151
3.4374
3.9
3.869
3.395
3.386
2.78
3.901
4.118
3.189
3.988
2.98277
3.433
3.75
3.853
3.853
3.399
3.264
3.305
3.287
3.0881
3.394
3.332
2.852
3.81
4.129
1.955
3.416
3.699
3.59
2.55
4.01
5.533
3.8089
4.32
2.955
3.263
2.9309
3.596
3.52
3.717
2.565
3.725
3.58
3.08
3.3315
1.46327
3.168
1.91609
2.60773
-3.772
-3.032
-3.23954
-2.622
-3.062
-3.1159
-3.1088
-2.93
-3.12818
-3.5723
-3.046
-2.686
-1.693
-4.25714
-4.058
-4.0574
-4.0318
-3.6741
-3.534
-3.5464
-1.357
-1.9314
-2.268
-2.354
-0.8924
-3.122
-3.4762
-1.06
-2.5311
-2.877
-2.957
-1.1517
-2.54
-5.056
-3.84915
-3.739
-2.64812
-2.4239
-2.5242
-2.078
-2.51739
-2.962
-1.999
-4.8214
-3.11
-1.77431
-4.9809
0
-1.25
2-171
(Continued)
2-172
TABLE 2-95 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Continued )
Cmpd. no.
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
Name
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Formula
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
CAS
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
Mol. wt.
61.04002
44.0128
30.0061
268.5209
142.23862
128.2551
158.238
144.2545
144.255
126.23922
160.3201
124.22334
254.49432
128.212
114.22852
144.211
130.22792
130.228
128.21204
128.21204
112.21264
146.29352
110.19676
90.03488
31.9988
47.9982
212.41458
86.1323
72.14878
102.132
88.1482
88.1482
86.1323
86.1323
70.1329
104.21378
104.21378
68.11702
68.11702
178.2292
94.11124
119.1207
148.11556
40.06386
44.09562
60.09502
60.095
122.20746
58.07914
Ideal gas enthalpy of
formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy of
formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas entropy,
J/(kmol∙K) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy of
combustion, J/kmol × 1E-09
-7.47
8.205
9.025
-43.579
-31.09
-22.874
-57.73
-37.79
-39.71
-10.35
-19.08
6.17
-41.512
-29.02
-20.875
-55.6
-35.73
-37.62
-32.16
-33.9
-8.194
-17.01
8.23
-71.95
0
14.2671
-35.311
-22.78
-14.676
-49.13
-29.57
-31.37
-25.92
-25.79
-2.162
-11.3
-10.84
14.44
12.89
20.12
-9.6399
-1.454
-37.14
19.05
-10.468
-25.46
-27.21
4.677
-18.49
-0.6934
10.416
8.657
10.74
-7.136
2.498
-31.7
-10.86
-12.61
11.23
5.28
24.34
9.91
-8
1.6
-32.5
-11.7
-13.43
-11.38
-12.81
10.57
4.457
23.5
-66.24
0
16.3164
7.426
-10.67
-0.8813
-34.7
-14.23
-15.88
-13.83
-13.44
7.837
1.814
1.94408
21.03
19.45
30.219
-3.2637
4.87212
-30.7001
20.08
-2.439
-15.99
-17.52
20.85
-12.37
2.751
2.1985
2.106
8.9866
5.266
5.064
5.59
5.579
5.523
5.041
5.724
4.8699
8.5945
4.896
4.6723
5.2
5.187
5.132
4.962
4.879
4.637
5.331
4.478
3.608
2.05147
2.38823
7.4181
3.777
3.4945
4.02
4.01
3.958
3.786
3.7
3.462
4.05
4.154
3.298
3.3084
3.945
3.1481
3.527
3.995
2.439
2.702
3.226
3.175
4.233
3.065
-0.6432
-0.0820482
-0.0902489
-11.7812
-5.35
-5.68455
-5.061
-5.506
-5.506
-5.5716
-6.006
-5.493
-11.1715
-4.74
-5.07415
-4.448
-4.895
-4.894
-4.6984
-4.711
-4.961
-5.3962
-4.88145
-0.1989
0
-0.142671
-9.34237
-2.91
-3.24494
-2.617
-3.064
-3.058
-2.87956
-2.8804
-3.13037
-3.564
-3.5641
-3.051
-3.0291
-6.8282
-2.921
-3.298
-3.1715
-1.8563
-2.04311
-1.844
-1.834
-5.232
-1.684
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
74.0785
55.0785
102.1317
59.11026
120.19158
42.07974
88.10512
76.16062
76.16062
76.09442
108.09476
104.0791128
104.14912
118.08804
64.0638
146.0554192
80.0632
166.13084
230.30376
198.388
72.10572
132.20228
88.17132
114.22852
84.13956
92.13842
133.40422
184.36142
101.19
59.11026
120.19158
120.19158
114.22852
114.22852
213.10452
227.1311
156.30826
172.30766
86.08924
52.07456
62.49822
161.48972
18.01528
106.165
106.165
106.165
-45.35
5.155
-46.48
-7.05
0.79
2.023
-40.76
-7.59
-6.75
-42.15
-12.29
-161.494
14.74
-81.6
-29.684
-122.047
-39.572
-66.94
27.66
-33.244
-18.418
2.661
-3.376
-22.56
11.544
5.017
-14.2
-31.177
-9.58
-2.431
-0.95
-1.38
-22.401
-21.845
6.24
4.34
-27.043
-41.9
-31.49
30.46
2.845
-48.116
-24.1818
1.732
1.908
1.803
-35.82
9.688
-32.04
4.17
13.76
6.264
-29.36
-0.218
0.2583
-30.4
-6.92
-157.27
21.39
-70.11
-30.012
-111.653
-37.095
-55.01
42.3
6.599
-7.969
16.71
4.59
2.239
12.67
12.22
-8.097
5.771
11.41
9.899
12.61
11.71
1.394
1.828
26.79
28.44
4.116
-9.177
-22.79
30.6
4.195
-42.5514
-22.8572
11.876
12.2
12.14
2.949
2.877
4.023
3.242
4.0014
2.67
3.678
3.243
3.365
3.52
3.205
2.82651
3.451
4.398
2.481
2.91625
2.5651
4.48
5.263
7.0259
2.9729
3.6964
3.1
3.893
2.784
3.2099
3.371
6.6337
4.054
2.87
3.805
3.961
4.2296
4.2702
4.435
4.607
5.8493
6.363
3.28
2.794
2.7354
3.73966
1.88825
3.5854
3.5383
3.52165
-1.395
-1.80056
-2.672
-2.165
-4.95415
-1.9262
-2.041
-2.3398
-2.3458
-1.6476
-2.658
0.7055
-4.219
-1.3591
0.924
0.1422
-3.19
-9.053
-8.73282
-2.325
-5.3575
-2.76549
-5.0639
-2.4352
-3.734
-0.9685
-8.1229
-4.0405
-2.2449
-4.934
-4.9307
-5.06528
-5.06876
-2.6867
-3.2959
-6.9036
-6.726
-1.95
-2.362
-1.178
-1.544
-4.3318
-4.333
-4.333
The compounds are considered to be formed from the elements in their standard states at 298.15 K and 1 bar. These include C (graphite) and S (rhombic). Enthalpy of combustion is the net value for the compound in its standard state
at 298.15 K and 1 bar. Products of combustion are taken to be CO2 (gas), H2O (gas), F2(gas), Cl2 (gas), Br2 (gas), I2 (gas), SO2 (gas), N2 (gas), P4O10 (crystalline), SiO2 (crystobalite), and Al2O3 (crystal, alpha).
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016 AIChE, and reproduced with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as “R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts, N. F. Giles, DIPPR Data Compilation
of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York, NY (2016)”.
2-173
2-174
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-96 Ideal Gas Sensible Enthalpies, hT – h298 (kJ/kmol), of Combustion Products
Temperature,
K
CO
CO2
H
OH
H2
N
NO
NO2
N2
N2O
O
O2
SO2
H2O
-2858
-1692
-1110
-529
0
-3414
-2079
-1383
-665
0
-2040
-1209
-793
-377
0
-2976
-1756
-1150
-546
0
-2774
-1656
-1091
-522
0
-2040
-1209
-793
-378
0
-2951
-1743
-1142
-543
0
-3495
-2104
-1392
-672
0
-2857
-1692
-1110
-528
0
-3553
-2164
-1438
-692
0
-2186
-1285
-840
-398
0
-2868
-1703
-1118
-533
0
-3736
-2258
-1496
-718
0
-3282
-1948
-1279
-609
0
300
320
340
360
380
54
638
1221
1805
2389
69
823
1594
2382
3184
38
454
870
1285
1701
55
654
1251
1847
2442
53
630
1209
1791
2373
38
454
870
1286
1701
55
652
1248
1845
2442
68
816
1571
2347
3130
54
636
1219
1802
2386
72
854
1654
2470
3302
41
478
913
1346
1777
54
643
1234
1828
2425
74
881
1702
2538
3387
62
735
1410
2088
2769
400
420
440
460
480
2975
3563
4153
4643
5335
4003
4835
5683
6544
7416
2117
2532
2948
3364
3779
3035
3627
4219
4810
5401
2959
3544
4131
4715
5298
2117
2533
2949
3364
3780
3040
3638
4240
4844
5450
3927
4735
5557
6392
7239
2971
3557
4143
4731
5320
4149
5010
5884
6771
7670
2207
2635
3063
3490
3918
3025
3629
4236
4847
5463
4250
5126
6015
6917
7831
3452
4139
4829
5523
6222
500
550
600
650
700
5931
7428
8942
10477
12023
8305
10572
12907
15303
17754
4196
5235
6274
7314
8353
5992
7385
8943
10423
11902
5882
6760
8811
10278
11749
4196
5235
6274
7314
8353
6059
7592
9144
10716
12307
8099
10340
12555
14882
17250
5911
7395
8894
10407
11937
8580
10897
13295
15744
18243
4343
5402
6462
7515
8570
6084
7653
9244
10859
12499
8758
11123
13544
16022
18548
6925
8699
10501
12321
14192
750
800
850
900
950
13592
15177
16781
18401
20031
20260
22806
25398
28030
30689
9392
10431
11471
12510
13550
13391
14880
16384
17888
19412
13223
14702
16186
17676
19175
9329
10431
11471
12510
13550
13919
15548
17195
18858
20537
19671
22136
24641
27179
29749
13481
15046
16624
18223
19834
20791
23383
26014
28681
31381
9620
10671
11718
12767
13812
14158
15835
17531
19241
20965
21117
23721
26369
29023
31714
16082
18002
19954
21938
23954
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
21690
25035
28430
31868
35343
33397
38884
44473
50148
55896
14589
16667
18746
20824
22903
20935
24024
27160
30342
33569
20680
23719
26797
29918
33082
14589
16667
18746
20824
22903
22229
25653
29120
32626
36164
32344
37605
42946
48351
53808
21463
24760
28109
31503
34936
34110
39647
45274
50976
56740
14860
16950
19039
21126
23212
22703
26212
29761
33344
36957
34428
39914
45464
51069
56718
26000
30191
34506
38942
43493
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
38850
42385
45945
49526
53126
61705
67569
73480
79431
85419
24982
27060
29139
31217
33296
36839
40151
43502
46889
50310
36290
39541
42835
46169
49541
24982
27060
29139
31218
33296
39729
43319
46929
50557
54201
59309
64846
70414
76007
81624
38405
41904
45429
48978
52548
62557
68420
74320
80254
86216
25296
27381
29464
31547
33630
40599
44266
47958
51673
55413
62404
68123
73870
79642
85436
48151
52908
57758
62693
67706
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
56744
60376
64021
67683
71324
91439
97488
103562
109660
115779
35375
37453
39532
41610
43689
53762
57243
60752
64285
67841
52951
56397
59876
63387
66928
35375
37454
39534
41614
43695
57859
61530
65212
68904
72606
87259
92911
98577
104257
109947
56137
59742
63361
66995
70640
92203
98212
104240
110284
116344
35713
37796
39878
41962
44045
59175
62961
66769
70600
74453
91250
97081
102929
108792
114669
72790
77941
83153
88421
93741
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
74985
78673
82369
86074
89786
121917
128073
134246
140433
146636
45768
47846
49925
52004
54082
71419
75017
78633
82267
85918
70498
74096
77720
81369
85043
45777
47860
49945
52033
54124
76316
80034
83759
87491
91229
115648
121357
127075
132799
138530
74296
77963
81639
85323
89015
122417
128501
134596
140701
146814
46130
48216
50303
52391
54481
78328
82224
86141
90079
94036
120559
126462
132376
138302
144238
99108
104520
109973
115464
120990
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
93504
112185
130989
149895
168890
152852
184109
215622
247354
279283
56161
66554
75947
87340
97733
89584
108119
126939
145991
165246
88740
107555
126874
146660
166876
56218
66769
77532
88614
100111
94973
113768
132671
151662
170730
144267
173020
201859
230756
259692
92715
111306
130027
148850
167763
152935
183636
214453
245348
276299
56574
67079
77675
88386
99222
98013
118165
188705
159572
180749
150184
180057
210145
240427
270893
126549
154768
183552
212764
242313
200
240
260
280
298.15
Converted and usually rounded off from JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971 (1141 pp.).
PROPERTIES OF FORMATIOn AnD COMBUSTIOn REACTIOnS
2-175
TABLE 2-97 Ideal Gas Entropies s°, kJ/(kmol· K), of Combustion Products
Temperature,
K
CO
CO2
H
OH
H2
N
NO
NO2
N2
N2O
O
O2
SO2
H2O
200
240
260
280
298.15
186.0
191.3
193.7
195.3
197.7
200.0
206.0
208.8
211.5
213.8
106.4
110.1
111.8
113.3
114.7
171.6
177.1
179.5
181.8
183.7
119.4
124.5
126.8
129.2
130.7
145.0
148.7
150.4
151.9
153.3
198.7
204.1
206.6
208.8
210.8
225.9
232.2
235.0
237.7
240.0
180.0
185.2
187.6
189.8
191.6
205.6
211.9
214.8
217.5
220.0
152.2
156.2
158.0
159.7
161.1
193.5
198.7
201.1
203.3
205.1
233.0
239.9
242.8
245.8
248.2
175.5
181.4
184.1
186.6
188.8
300
320
340
360
380
197.8
199.7
201.5
203.2
204.7
214.0
216.5
218.8
221.0
223.2
114.8
116.2
117.4
118.6
119.7
183.9
185.9
187.7
189.4
191.0
130.9
132.8
134.5
136.2
137.7
153.4
154.8
156.0
157.2
158.3
210.9
212.9
214.7
216.4
218.0
240.3
242.7
245.0
247.2
249.3
191.8
193.7
195.5
197.2
198.7
220.2
222.7
225.2
227.5
229.7
161.2
162.6
163.9
165.2
166.3
205.3
207.2
209.0
210.7
212.5
248.5
251.1
253.6
256.0
258.2
189.0
191.2
193.3
195.2
197.1
400
420
440
460
480
206.2
207.7
209.0
210.4
211.6
225.3
227.3
229.3
231.2
233.1
120.8
121.8
122.8
123.7
124.6
192.5
194.0
195.3
196.6
197.9
139.2
140.6
141.9
143.2
144.5
159.4
160.4
161.4
162.3
163.1
219.5
221.0
222.3
223.7
225.0
251.3
253.2
255.1
257.0
258.8
200.2
201.5
202.9
204.2
205.5
231.9
234.0
236.0
238.0
239.9
167.4
168.4
169.4
170.4
171.3
213.8
215.3
216.7
218.0
219.4
260.4
262.5
264.6
266.6
268.5
198.8
200.5
202.0
203.6
205.1
500
550
600
650
700
212.8
215.7
218.3
220.8
223.1
234.9
239.2
243.3
247.1
250.8
125.5
127.5
129.3
131.0
132.5
199.1
201.8
204.4
206.8
209.0
145.7
148.6
151.1
153.4
155.6
164.0
166.0
167.8
169.4
171.0
226.3
229.1
231.9
234.4
236.8
260.6
264.7
268.8
272.6
276.0
206.7
209.4
212.2
214.6
216.9
241.8
246.2
250.4
254.3
258.0
172.2
174.2
176.1
177.7
179.3
220.7
223.7
226.5
229.1
231.5
270.5
274.9
279.2
283.1
286.9
206.5
210.5
213.1
215.9
218.7
750
800
850
900
950
225.2
227.3
229.2
231.1
232.8
255.4
257.5
260.6
263.6
266.5
133.9
135.2
136.4
137.7
138.8
211.1
213.0
214.8
216.5
218.1
157.6
159.5
161.4
163.1
164.7
172.5
173.8
175.1
176.3
177.4
239.0
241.1
243.0
245.0
246.8
279.3
282.5
285.5
288.4
291.3
219.0
221.0
223.0
224.8
226.5
261.5
264.8
268.0
271.1
274.0
180.7
182.1
183.4
184.6
185.7
233.7
235.9
237.9
239.9
241.8
290.4
293.8
297.0
300.1
303.0
221.3
223.8
226.2
228.5
230.6
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
234.5
237.7
240.7
243.4
246.0
269.3
274.5
279.4
283.9
288.2
139.9
141.9
143.7
145.3
146.9
219.7
222.7
225.4
228.0
230.3
166.2
169.1
171.8
174.3
176.6
178.5
180.4
182.2
183.9
185.4
248.4
251.8
254.8
257.6
260.2
293.9
298.9
303.6
307.9
311.9
228.2
231.3
234.2
236.9
239.5
276.8
282.1
287.0
291.5
295.8
186.8
188.8
190.6
192.3
193.8
243.6
246.9
250.0
252.9
255.6
305.8
311.0
315.8
320.3
324.5
232.7
236.7
240.5
244.0
247.4
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
248.4
250.7
252.9
254.9
256.8
292.2
296.0
299.6
303.0
306.2
148.3
149.6
150.9
152.1
153.2
232.6
234.7
236.8
238.7
240.6
178.8
180.9
182.9
184.8
186.7
186.9
188.2
189.5
190.7
191.8
262.7
265.0
267.2
269.3
271.3
315.7
319.3
322.7
325.9
328.9
241.9
244.1
246.3
248.3
250.2
299.8
303.6
307.2
310.6
313.8
195.3
196.6
197.9
199.1
200.2
258.1
260.4
262.7
264.8
266.8
328.4
332.1
335.6
338.9
342.0
250.6
253.7
256.6
259.5
262.2
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
258.7
260.5
262.2
263.8
265.4
309.3
312.2
315.1
317.8
320.4
154.3
155.3
156.3
157.2
158.1
242.3
244.0
245.7
247.2
248.7
188.4
190.1
191.7
193.3
194.8
192.9
193.9
194.8
195.8
196.7
273.1
274.9
276.6
278.3
279.8
331.8
334.5
337.2
339.7
342.1
252.1
253.8
255.5
257.1
258.7
316.9
319.8
322.6
325.3
327.9
201.3
202.3
203.2
204.2
205.0
268.7
270.6
272.4
274.1
275.7
345.0
347.9
350.6
353.2
355.7
264.8
267.3
269.7
272.0
274.3
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
266.9
268.3
269.7
271.0
272.3
322.9
325.3
327.6
329.9
332.1
158.9
159.7
160.5
161.3
162.0
250.2
251.6
253.0
254.3
255.6
196.2
197.7
199.0
200.3
201.6
197.5
198.3
199.1
199.9
200.6
281.4
282.8
284.2
285.6
286.9
344.5
346.7
348.9
350.9
352.9
260.2
261.6
263.0
264.3
265.6
330.4
332.7
335.0
337.3
339.4
205.9
206.7
207.5
208.3
209.0
277.3
278.8
280.3
281.7
283.1
358.1
360.4
362.6
364.8
366.9
276.5
278.6
380.7
282.7
284.6
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
273.6
279.4
284.4
288.8
292.8
334.2
343.8
352.2
359.7
366.4
162.7
165.9
168.7
171.1
173.3
256.8
262.5
267.6
272.1
276.1
202.9
208.7
213.8
218.5
222.8
201.3
204.6
207.4
210.1
212.5
288.2
294.0
299.0
303.5
307.5
354.9
363.8
371.5
378.3
384.4
266.9
272.6
277.6
282.1
286.0
341.5
350.9
359.2
366.5
373.0
209.7
212.9
215.8
218.3
220.6
284.4
290.7
296.2
301.1
305.5
368.9
378.1
386.1
393.3
399.7
286.5
295.2
302.9
309.8
316.0
Usually rounded off from JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971 (1141 pp.). Equilibrium constants can be calculated by combining Δhf° values from
Table 2-95, hT - h298 from Table 2-96, and s° values from the above, using the formula ln kp = -ΔG/(RT), where ΔG = Δhf° + (hT - h298) - T s°.
2-176
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
HEATS OF SOLUTIOn
TABLE 2-98 Heats of Solution of Inorganic Compounds in Water
Heat evolved, in kilocalories per gram formula weight, on solution in water at 18°C. Computed from data in Bichowsky and Rossini, Thermochemistry of Chemical
Substances, Reinhold, New York, 1936.
Substance
Dilution*
Formula
Heat,
kcal/mol
Aluminum bromide
chloride
aq
600
600
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
∞
aq
600
aq
∞
aq
∞
800
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
AlBr3
AlCl3
AlCl3⋅6H2O
AlF3
AlF3⋅½H2O
AlF3⋅3½H2O
AlI3
Al2(SO4)3
Al2(SO4)3⋅6H2O
Al2(SO4)3⋅18H2O
NH4Br
NH4Cl
(NH4)2CrO4
(NH4)2Cr2O7
NH4I
NH4NO3
NH4BO3⋅H2O
(NH4)2SO4
NH4HSO4
(NH4)2SO3
(NH4)2SO3⋅H2O
SbF3
SbI3
H3AsO4
+85.3
+77.9
+13.2
+31
+19.0
-1.7
+89.0
+126
+56.2
+6.7
-4.45
-3.82
-5.82
-12.9
-3.56
-6.47
-9.0
-2.75
+0.56
-1.2
-4.13
-1.7
-0.8
-0.4
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
aq
aq
aq
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
Ba(BrO3)2⋅H2O
BaBr2
BaBr2⋅H2O
BaBr2⋅2H2O
Ba(ClO3)2
Ba(ClO3)2⋅H2O
BaCl2
BaCl2⋅H2O
BaCl2.2H2O
Ba(CN)2
Ba(CN)2⋅H2O
Ba(CN)2⋅2H2O
Ba(IO3)2
Ba(IO3)2⋅H2O
BaI2
BaI2⋅H2O
BaI2⋅2H2O
BaI2⋅2½H2O
BaI2⋅7H2O
Ba(NO3)2
Ba(ClO4)2
Ba(ClO4)2⋅3H2O
BaS
BeBr2
BeCl2
BeI2
BeSO4
BeSO4⋅H2O
BeSO4⋅2H2O
BeSO4⋅4H2O
BiI3
H3BO3
-15.9
+5.3
-0.8
-3.87
-6.7
-10.6
+2.4
-2.17
-4.5
+1.5
-2.4
-4.9
-9.1
-11.3
+10.5
+2.7
+0.14
-0.58
-6.61
-10.2
-2.8
-10.5
+7.2
+62.6
+51.1
+72.6
+18.1
+13.5
+7.9
+1.1
+3
-5.4
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
CdBr2
CdBr2⋅4H2O
CdCl2
CdCl2⋅H2O
CdCl2⋅2½H2O
Cd(NO3)2⋅H2O
Cd(NO3)2⋅4H2O
CdSO4
CdSO4⋅H2O
CdSO4⋅2⅔H2O
Ca(C2H3O2)2
Ca(C2H3O2)2⋅H2O
CaBr2
CaBr2⋅6H2O
CaCl2
CaCl2⋅H2O
CaCl2⋅2H2O
CaCl2⋅4H2O
CaCl2⋅6H2O
+0.4
-7.3
+3.1
+0.6
-3.00
+4.17
-5.08
+10.69
+6.05
+2.51
+7.6
+6.5
+24.86
-0.9
+4.9
+12.3
+12.5
+2.4
-4.11
fluoride
iodide
sulfate
Ammonium bromide
chloride
chromate
dichromate
iodide
nitrate
perborate
sulfate
sulfate, acid
sulfite
Antimony fluoride
iodide
Arsenic acid
Barium bromate
bromide
chlorate
chloride
cyanide
iodate
iodide
nitrate
perchlorate
sulfide
Beryllium bromide
chloride
iodide
sulfate
Bismuth iodide
Boric acid
Cadmium bromide
chloride
nitrate
sulfate
Calcium acetate
bromide
chloride
Substance
Calcium—(Cont.)
formate
iodide
Dilution*
Formula
Heat,
kcal/mol
400
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
aq
aq
∞
∞
∞
aq
+0.7
+28.0
+1.8
+4.1
+0.7
-3.2
-4.2
-7.99
-0.6
-1
+5.1
+3.6
-0.18
+18.6
+5.3
+2.0
+5.7
+18.4
-1.25
+18.5
+9.8
-2.9
+18.8
+15.0
-1.4
-3.6
+2.4
+0.5
+10.3
-2.6
-10.7
+15.9
+9.3
+3.65
-2.85
+11.6
Cuprous sulfate
aq
Ca(CHO2)2
CaI2
CaI2⋅8H2O
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2⋅H2O
Ca(NO3)2⋅2H2O
Ca(NO3)2⋅3H2O
Ca(NO3)2⋅4H2O
Ca(H2PO4)2⋅H2O
CaHPO4⋅2H2O
CaSO4
CaSO4⋅½H2O
CaSO4⋅2H2O
CrCl2
CrCl2⋅3H2O
CrCl2⋅4H2O
CrI2
CoBr2
CoBr2⋅6H2O
CoCl2
CoCl2⋅2H2O
CoCl2⋅6H2O
CoI2
CoSO4
CoSO4⋅6H2O
CoSO4⋅7H2O
Cu(C2H3O2)2
Cu(CHO2)2
Cu(NO3)2
Cu(NO3)2⋅3H2O
Cu(NO3)2⋅6H2O
CuSO4
CuSO4⋅H2O
CuSO4⋅3H2O
CuSO4⋅5H2O
Cu2SO4
Ferric chloride
1000
1000
1000
800
aq
400
400
400
aq
400
400
400
400
FeCl3
FeCl3⋅2½H2O
FeCl3⋅6H2O
Fe(NO3)3⋅9H2O
FeBr2
FeCl2
FeCl2⋅2H2O
FeCl2⋅4H2O
FeI2
FeSO4
FeSO4⋅H2O
FeSO4⋅4H2O
FeSO4⋅7H2O
+31.7
+21.0
+5.6
-9.1
+18.0
+17.9
+8.7
+2.7
+23.3
+14.7
+7.35
+1.4
-4.4
400
400
aq
aq
aq
400
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
Pb(C2H3O2)2
Pb(C2H3O2)2⋅3H2O
PbBr2
PbCl2
Pb(CHO2)2
Pb(NO3)2
LiBr
LiBr⋅H2O
LiBr⋅2H2O
LiBr⋅3H2O
LiCl
LiCl⋅H2O
LiCl⋅2H2O
LiCl⋅3H2O
LiF
LiOH
LiOH⋅⅛H2O
LiOH⋅H2O
LiI
LiI⋅½H2O
LiI⋅H2O
LiI⋅2H2O
LiI⋅3H2O
LiNO3
LiNO3⋅3H2O
+1.4
-5.9
-10.1
-3.4
-6.9
-7.61
+11.54
+5.30
+2.05
-1.59
+8.66
+4.45
+1.07
-1.98
-0.74
+4.74
+4.39
+9.6
+14.92
+10.08
+6.93
+3.43
-0.17
+0.466
-7.87
nitrate
phosphate, monodibasic
sulfate
Chromous chloride
iodide
Cobaltous bromide
chloride
iodide
sulfate
Cupric acetate
formate
nitrate
sulfate
nitrate
Ferrous bromide
chloride
iodide
sulfate
Lead acetate
bromide
chloride
formate
nitrate
Lithium bromide
chloride
fluoride
hydroxide
iodide
nitrate
aq
aq
aq
400
400
400
aq
400
400
400
aq
aq
200
200
200
800
*The numbers represent moles of water used to dissolve 1 g formula weight of substance; ∞ means “infinite dilution”; and aq means “aqueous solution of unspecified
dilution.”
HEATS OF SOLUTIOn
2-177
TABLE 2-98 Heats of Solution of Inorganic Compounds in Water (Continued )
Dilution*
Substance
Lithium—(Cont.)
sulfate
Magnesium bromide
chloride
iodide
nitrate
phosphate
sulfate
sulfide
Manganic nitrate
sulfate
Manganous acetate
bromide
chloride
formate
iodide
sulfate
Mercuric acetate
bromide
chloride
nitrate
Mercurous nitrate
Nickel bromide
Nickel chloride
iodide
nitrate
sulfate
Phosphoric acid, orthopyroPotassium acetate
aluminum sulfate
Formula
Heat,
kcal/mol
+6.71
+3.77
∞
∞
Li2SO4
Li2SO4⋅H2O
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
aq
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
aq
400
400
400
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
400
400
400
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
400
400
400
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
MgBr2
MgBr2⋅H2O
MgBr2⋅6H2O
MgCl2
MgCl2⋅2H2O
MgCl2⋅4H2O
MgCl2⋅6H2O
MgI2
Mg(NO3)2⋅6H2O
Mg3(PO4)2
MgSO4
MgSO4⋅H2O
MgSO4⋅2H2O
MgSO4⋅4H2O
MgSO4⋅6H2O
MgSO4⋅7H2O
MgS
Mn(NO3)2
Mn(NO3)2⋅3H2O
Mn(NO3)2⋅6H2O
Mn2(SO4)3
Mn(C2H3O2)2
Mn(C2H3O2)2⋅4H2O
MnBr2
MnBr2⋅H2O
MnBr2⋅4H2O
MnCl2
MnCl2⋅2H2O
MnCl2⋅4H2O
Mn(CHO2)2
Mn(CHO2)2⋅2H2O
MnI2
MnI2⋅H2O
MnI2⋅2H2O
MnI2⋅4H2O
MnI2⋅6H2O
MnSO4
MnSO4⋅H2O
MnSO4⋅7H2O
Hg(C2H3O2)2
HgBr2
HgCl2
Hg(NO3)2⋅½H2O
Hg2(NO3)2⋅2H2O
+43.7
+35.9
+19.8
+36.3
+20.8
+10.5
+3.4
+50.2
-3.7
+10.2
+21.1
+14.0
+11.7
+4.9
+0.55
-3.18
+25.8
+12.9
-3.9
-6.2
+22
+12.2
+1.6
+15
+14.4
+16.1
+16.0
+8.2
+1.5
+4.3
-2.9
+26.2
+24.1
+22.7
+19.9
+21.2
+13.8
+11.9
-1.7
-4.0
-2.4
-3.3
-0.7
-11.5
aq
aq
800
800
800
800
aq
200
200
200
200
400
400
aq
aq
∞
600
600
NiBr2
NiBr2⋅3H2O
NiCl2
NiCl2⋅2H2O
NiCl2⋅4H2O
NiCl2⋅6H2O
NiI2
Ni(NO3)2
Ni(NO3)2⋅6H2O
NiSO4
NiSO4⋅7H2O
H3PO4
H3PO4⋅½H2O
H4P2O7
H4P2O7⋅1½H2O
KC2H3O2
KAl(SO4)2
KAl(SO4)2⋅3H2O
KAl(SO4)2⋅12H2O
KHCO3
KBrO3
KBr
K2CO3
K2CO3⋅½H2O
K2CO3⋅1½H2O
KClO3
KCl
K2CrO4
KCr(SO4)2
KCr(SO4)2⋅H2O
KCr(SO4)2⋅2H2O
KCr(SO4)2⋅6H2O
KCr(SO4)2⋅12H2O
+19.0
+0.2
+19.23
+10.4
+4.2
-1.15
+19.4
+11.8
-7.5
+15.1
-4.2
+2.79
-0.1
+25.9
+4.65
+3.55
+48.5
+26.6
-10.1
-5.1
-10.13
-5.13
+6.58
+4.25
-0.43
-10.31
-4.404
-4.9
+55
+42
+33
+7
-9.5
bicarbonate
bromate
bromide
carbonate
2000
∞
∞
∞
chlorate
chloride
chromate
chrome sulfate
∞
∞
2185
600
Substance
Potassium—(Cont.)
cyanide
dichromate
fluoride
hydrosulfide
hydroxide
iodate
iodide
nitrate
oxalate
perchlorate
permanganate
phosphate, dihydrogen
pyrosulfite
sulfate
sulfate, acid
sulfide
sulfite
thiocyanate
thionate, dithiosulfate
Silver acetate
nitrate
Sodium acetate
arsenate
bicarbonate
borate, tetrabromide
carbonate
chlorate
chloride
chromate
cyanide
fluoride
hydrosulfide
Sodium hydroxide
iodide
metaphosphate
nitrate
nitrite
perchlorate
phosphate di
triphosphate di
diphosphite, monodipyrophosphate
di-
Dilution*
Formula
Heat,
kcal/mol
∞
400
aq
aq
aq
∞
800
∞
aq
aq
∞
aq
∞
KCN
K2Cr2O7
KF
KF⋅2H2O
KF⋅4H2O
KHS
KHS⋅¼H2O
KOH
KOH⋅¾H2O
KOH⋅H2O
KOH⋅7H2O
KIO3
KI
KNO3
K2C2O4
K2C2O4⋅H2O
KClO4
KMnO4
KH2PO4
K2S2O5
K2S2O5⋅½H2O
K2SO4
KHSO4
K2S
K2SO3
K2SO3⋅H2O
KCNS
K2S2O6
K2S2O3
-3.0
-17.8
+3.96
-1.85
-6.05
+0.86
+1.21
+12.91
+4.27
+3.48
+0.86
-6.93
-5.23
-8.633
-4.6
-7.5
-12.94
-10.4
+4.7
-11.0
-10.22
-6.32
-3.10
-11.0
+1.8
+1.37
-6.08
-13.0
-4.5
aq
200
∞
∞
500
500
1800
900
900
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
800
800
800
200
200
200
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
600
∞
aq
∞
1600
1600
1600
1600
1600
1600
600
600
800
800
1600
1600
1200
1200
AgC2H3O2
AgNO3
NaC2H3O2
NaC2H3O2⋅3H2O
Na3AsO4
Na3AsO4⋅12H2O
NaHCO3
Na2B4O7
Na2B4O7⋅10H2O
NaBr
NaBr⋅2H2O
Na2CO3
Na2CO3⋅H2O
Na2CO3⋅7H2O
Na2CO3⋅10H2O
NaClO3
NaCl
Na2CrO4
Na2CrO4⋅4H2O
Na2CrO4⋅10H2O
NaCN
NaCN⋅½H2O
NaCN⋅2H2O
NaF
NaHS
NaHS⋅2H2O
NaOH
NaOH⋅½H2O
NaOH⋅⅔H2O
NaOH⋅¾H2O
NaOH⋅H2O
NaI
NaI⋅2H2O
NaPO3
NaNO3
NaNO2
NaClO4
Na2HPO4
Na3PO4
Na3PO4⋅12H2O
Na2HPO4⋅2H2O
Na2HPO4⋅7H2O
Na2HPO4⋅12H2O
NaH2PO3
NaH2PO3⋅2½H2O
Na2HPO3
Na2HPO3⋅5H2O
Na4P2O7
Na4P2O7⋅10H2O
Na2H2P2O7
Na2H2P2O7⋅6H2O
-5.4
-4.4
+4.085
-4.665
+15.6
-12.61
-4.1
+10.0
-16.8
-0.58
-4.57
+5.57
+2.19
-10.81
-16.22
-5.37
-1.164
+2.50
-7.52
-16.0
-0.37
-0.92
-4.41
-0.27
+4.62
-1.49
+10.18
+8.17
+7.08
+6.48
+5.17
+1.57
-3.89
+3.97
-5.05
-3.6
-4.15
+5.21
+13
-15.3
-0.82
-12.04
-23.18
+0.90
-5.29
+9.30
-4.54
+11.9
-11.7
-2.2
-14.0
200
1600
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
400
(Continued)
2-178
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-98 Heats of Solution of Inorganic Compounds in Water (Continued )
Substance
Sodium—(Cont.)
sulfate
sulfate, acid
sulfide
sulfite
thiocyanate
thionate, diSodium thiosulfate
Stannic bromide
Stannous bromide
iodide
Strontium acetate
bromide
Dilution*
Formula
Heat,
kcal/mol
∞
∞
800
800
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
aq
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
Na2SO4
Na2SO4⋅10H2O
NaHSO4
NaHSO4⋅H2O
Na2S
Na2S⋅4½H2O
Na2S⋅5H2O
Na2S⋅9H2O
Na2SO3
Na2SO3⋅7H2O
NaCNS
Na2S2O6
Na2S2O6⋅2H2O
Na2S2O3
Na2S2O3⋅5H2O
SnBr4
SnBr2
SnI2
Sr(C2H3O2)2
Sr(C2H3O2)2⋅½H2O
SrBr2
SrBr2⋅H2O
SrBr2⋅2H2O
SrBr2⋅4H2O
SrBr2⋅6H2O
+0.28
-18.74
+1.74
+0.15
+15.2
+0.09
-6.54
-16.65
+2.8
-11.1
-1.83
-5.80
-11.86
+2.0
-11.30
+15.5
-1.6
-5.8
+6.2
+5.9
+16.4
+9.25
+6.5
+0.4
-6.1
Substance
Dilution*
Strontium—(Cont.)
chloride
iodide
nitrate
sulfate
Sulfuric acid, pyroZinc acetate
bromide
chloride
iodide
nitrate
sulfate
Formula
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
SrCl2
SrCl2⋅H2O
SrCl2⋅2H2O
SrCl2⋅6H2O
SrI2
SrI2⋅H2O
SrI2⋅2H2O
SrI2⋅6H2O
Sr(NO3)2
Sr(NO3)2⋅4H2O
SrSO4
H2S2O7
+11.54
+6.4
+2.95
-7.1
+20.7
+12.65
+10.4
-4.5
-4.8
-12.4
+0.5
-18.08
400
400
400
400
400
aq
400
400
400
400
400
400
Zn(C2H3O2)2
Zn(C2H3O2)2⋅H2O
Zn(C2H3O2)2⋅2H2O
ZnBr2
ZnCl2
ZnI2
Zn(NO3)2⋅3H2O
Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O
ZnSO4
ZnSO4⋅H2O
ZnSO4⋅6H2O
ZnSO4⋅7H2O
+9.8
+7.0
+3.9
+15.0
+15.72
+11.6
-5
-6.0
+18.5
+10.0
-0.8
-4.3
note: To convert kilocalories per mole to British thermal units per pound-mole, multiply by 1.799 × 10-3.
TABLE 2-99 Heats of Solution of Organic Compounds in Water (at Infinite Dilution
and Approximately Room Temperature)
Recalculated and rearranged from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 148–150. cal/mol = Btu/(lb⋅mol) × 1.799.
Solute
Acetic acid (solid), C2H4O2
Acetylacetone, C5H8O2
Acetylurea, C3H6N2O2
Aconitic acid, C6H6O6
Ammonium benzoate, C7H9NO2
picrate
succinate (n-)
Aniline, hydrochloride, C6H8ClN
Barium picrate
Benzoic acid, C7H6O2
Camphoric acid, C10H16O4
Citric acid, C6H8O7
Dextrin, C12H20O10
Fumaric acid, C4H4O4
Hexamethylenetetramine, C6H12N4
Hydroxybenzamide (m-), C7H7NO2
(m-), (HCl)
(o-), C7H7NO2
(p-)
Hydroxybenzoic acid (o-), C7H6O3
(p-), C7H6O3
Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (o-), C7H8O2
Inulin, C36H62O31
Isosuccinic acid, C4H6O4
Itaconic acid, C5H6O4
Lactose, C12H22O11⋅H2O
Lead picrate
(2H2O)
Magnesium picrate
(8H2O)
Maleic acid, C4H4O4
Malic acid, C4H6O5
Malonic acid, C3H4O4
Mandelic acid, C8H2O3
Mannitol, C6H14O6
Menthol, C10H20O
Nicotine dihydrochloride, C10H16Cl2N2
Nitrobenzoic acid (m-), C7H5NO4
(o-), C7H5NO4
(p-), C7H5NO4
Nitrophenol (m-), C6H5NO3
(o-), C6H5NO3
(p-), C6H5NO3
Heat of solution,
cal/mol
solute*
-2,251
-641
-6,812
-4,206
-2,700
-8,700
-3,489
-2,732
-4,708
-6,501
-502
-5,401
268
-5,903
4,780
-4,161
-7,003
-4,340
-5,392
-6,350
-5,781
-3,203
-96
-3,420
-5,922
-3,705
-7,098
-13,193
14,699
-15,894
-4,441
-3,150
-4,493
-3,090
-5,260
0
6,561
-5,593
-5,306
-8,891
-5,210
-6,310
-4,493
Solute
Oxalic acid, C2H2O4
(2H2O)
Phenol (solid), C6H6O
Phthalic acid, C8H6O4
Picric acid, C6H3N3O7
Piperic acid, C12H10O4
Piperonylic acid, C8H6O4
Potassium benzoate
citrate
tartrate (n-) (0.5 H2O)
Pyrogallol, C6H6O3
Pyrotartaric acid
Quinone
Raffinose, C18H32O16 (5H2O)
Resorcinol, C6H6O2
Silver malonate (n-)
Sodium citrate (tri-)
picrate
potassium tartrate
(4H2O)
succinate (n-)
(6H2O)
tartrate (n-)
(2H2O)
Strontium picrate
(6H2O)
Succinic acid, C4H6O4
Succinimide, C4H5NO2
Sucrose, C12H22O11
Tartaric acid (d-)
Thiourea, CH4N2S
Urea, CH4N2O
acetate
formate
nitrate
oxalate
Vanillic acid
Vanillin
Zinc picrate
(8H2O)
Heat,
kcal/mol
Heat of solution,
cal/mol
solute*
-2,290
-8,485
-2,605
-4,871
-7,098
-10,492
-9,106
-1,506
2,820
-5,562
-3,705
-5,019
-3,991
-9,703
-3,960
-9,799
5,270
-6,441
-1,817
-12,342
2,390
-10,994
-1,121
-5,882
7,887
-14,412
-6,405
-4,302
-1,319
-3,451
-5,330
-3,609
-8,795
-7,194
-10,803
-17,806
-5,160
-5,210
-11,496
-15,894
*+ denotes heat evolved, and - denotes heat absorbed. The data in the International Critical Tables were calculated by E. Anderson.
THERMAL EXPAnSIOn AnD COMPRESSIBILITY
2-179
THERMAL EXPAnSIOn AnD COMPRESSIBILITY
Unit Conversion For this subsection, the following unit conversion is
applicable: °F = 9⁄5°C + 32.
Additional References Some of the tables given under this subject
are reprinted by permission from the Smithsonian Tables. For other data on
thermal expansion, see International Critical Tables. The tabular index is in
volume 3, and the data are in volume 2.
Thermal Expansion of Gases No tables of coefficients of thermal
expansion of gases are given in this edition. The coefficient at constant pressure, 1/u (∂u/∂T)p, for an ideal gas is merely the reciprocal of the absolute
temperature. For a real gas or liquid, both it and the coefficient at constant
volume 1/p (∂p/∂T)v should be calculated either from the equation of state
or from tabulated PVT data.
For expansion of liquids and solids, see the following tables.
TABLE 2-100 Linear Expansion of the Solid Elements*
C is the true expansion coefficient at the given temperature; M is the mean coefficient between given temperatures; where one temperature is given, the true coefficient at that temperature is indicated; α and β are coefficients in formula lt = l0(1 + αt + βt2); l0 is length at 0°C (unless otherwise indicated, when, if x is the reference
temperature, lt = lx[1 + α(t - tx) + β(t - tx)2]; lt is length at t °C).
Element
Temp., °C
C × 104
Aluminum
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Bismuth
Cadmium
Cadmium
Carbon, diamond
graphite
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Copper
Gold
Gold
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
Iridium
Iron, soft
cast
wrought
steel
Lead (99.9)
20
300
20
20
20
0
0
50
50
0.224
0.284
0.136∙
0.05
0.014∙
0.54∙
0.20⊥
0.012
0.06
20
20
200
20
0.123
0.162
0.170
0.140
40
0.417
20
0.065
40
20
20
20
0.1210
0.118
0.119
0.114
100
280
20
0.291
0.343
0.254
20
0.233
Molybdenum
20
0.053
Nickel
20
0.126
Osmium
Palladium
40
20
0.066
0.1173
Platinum
20
20
0.0887
0.0893
40
40
0
40
20
20
0.0850
0.0963
0.439
0.0763
0.1846
0.195
Magnesium
Manganese
†
Potassium
Rhodium
Ruthenium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Steel, 36.4Ni
Tantalum†
20
0.065
Tellurium
Thallium
Tin
20
40
20
20
27
20‡
20‡
20
0.016∙
0.302
0.214
0.305∙
0.0444
0.643∙
0.125⊥
0.358
†
Tungsten
Zinc
Temp. range, °C
M × 104
100
500
20
0.235
0.311
0.080⊥
20
-180, -140
-180, -140
0.103⊥
0.59∙
0.117⊥
20,
100
0.068
17,
-191,
100
300
100
17
0.166
0.175
0.143
0.132
-190,
17
0.837
α × 104
β × 106
0,
500
0.22
0.009
20,
20,
100
100
0.526∙
0.214⊥
20,
6,
0,
500
121
625
0.086
0.121
0.161
0.0064
0.0040
0,
520
0.142
0.0022
0.0636
0.0679
0.0032
0.0011
Temp. range, °C
0,
80
1070, 1720
0,
20,
20,
100
0.11
100
200
0.291
0.300
-100, + 20
20, 100
0, 100
-190,
0
0, 100
25, 100
25, 500
0, 100
0.240
0.260
0.228
0.159
0.052
0.049
0.055
0.130
0,
6,
50
21
0.83
0.0876
0, 100
-3, +18
0, 100
0.660
0.0249
0.197
-190, -17
20, 260
20, 340
-78,
0
0, 100
20
0.622
0.031
0.055
0.059
0.0655
0.272⊥
20
100
-100
100
100
0.154⊥
0.045
0.656∙
0.639∙
0.141⊥
0,
-140,
+20,
+20,
0,
0,
0,
100,
750
750
750
240
0.1158
0.1170
0.1118
0.269
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
0.011
+ 20,
500
0.2480
0.0096
20, 300
-142,
19
19, +305
0.216
0.0515
0.0501
0.0121
0.0057
0.0014
-190, + 20
+ 20, +300
500, 1000
0.1308
0.1236
0.1346
0.0166
0.0066
0.0033
-190,
0,
-190,
0,
0,
+100
1000
-100
+ 80
1000
0.1152
0.1167
0.0875
0.0890
0.0887
0.00517
0.0022
0.00314
0.00121
0.00132
-75, -112
0.0746
-75,
0,
20,
0,
260,
340,
20,
-67
875
500
50
500
500
400
0.0182
0.1827
0.1939
0.72
0.144
0.136
0.0646
0.0009
8,
95
0.2033
0.0263
-105, +502
+ 0, 400
0.0428
0.354
0.00058
0.010
0.00479
0.00295
*Smithsonian Tables. For more complete tabulations see Table 142, Smithsonian Physical Tables, 9th ed., 1954; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 40th ed.,
pp. 2239–2245. Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.; Goldsmith, and Waterman, WADC-TR-58-476, 1959; Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960, etc.
†
Molybdenum, 300 to 2500°C; lt = l300[1 + 5.00 × 10-6(t - 300) + 10.5 × 10-10(t - 300)2]
Tantalum, 300 to 2800°C; lt = l300[1 + 6.60 × 10-6(t - 300) + 5.2 × 10-10(t - 300)2]
Tungsten, 300 to 2700°C; lt = l300[1 + 4.44 × 10-6(t - 300) + 4.5 × 10-10(t - 300)2]
Beryllium, 20 to 100°C; 12.3 × 10-6 per °C.
Columbium, 0 to 100°C; 7.2 × 10-6 per °C.
Tantalum, 20 to 100°C; 6.6 × 10-6 per °C.
‡
These values for zinc were taken from Grüneisen and Goens, Z. Physik., 29:141 (1924).
2-180
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-101
Linear Expansion of Miscellaneous Substances*
The coefficient of cubical expansion may be taken as three times the linear coefficient. In the following table, t is the temperature or range of temperature, and C, the
coefficient of expansion.
t, °C
Substance
Amber
Bakelite, bleached
Brass:
Cast
Wire
Wire
71.5 Cu + 27.7 Zn +
0.3 Sn + 0.5 Pb
71 Cu + 29 Zn
Bronze:
3 Cu + 1 Sn
3 Cu + 1 Sn
3 Cu + 1 Sn
86.3 Cu + 9.7 Sn + 4 Zn
97.6 Cu + hard
2.2 Sn + soft
0.2 P
Caoutchouc
Caoutchouc
Celluloid
Constantan
Duralumin, 94Al
{
0–30
0–09
20–60
C × 104
0.50
0.61
0.22
0–100
0–100
0–100
0.1875
0.1930
0.1783–0.193
40
0–100
0.1859
0.1906
16.6–100
16.6–350
16.6–957
40
0–80
0–80
0.1844
0.2116
0.1737
0.1782
0.1713
0.1708
16.7–25.3
20–70
4–29
20–100
20–300
25.3–35.4
0–100
0–100
0–100
0–100
0.657–0.686
0.770
1.00
0.1523
0.23
0.25
0.842
0.1950
0.1836
0.1523
0.1552
Substance
Jena thermometer 59III
Jena thermometer 59III
Gutta percha
Ice
Iceland spar:
Parallel to axis
Perpendicular to axis
Lead tin (solder) 2 Pb
+ 1 Sn
Limestone
Magnalium
Manganin
Marble
Monel metal
Paraffin
Paraffin
Paraffin
Platinum-iridium, 10 Pt
+ 1 Ir
Platinum-silver, 1 Pt +
2 Ag
Porcelain
Porcelain Bayeux
Quartz:
Parallel to axis
Parallel to axis
Perpend. to axis
Quartz glass
Quartz glass
Quartz glass
Rock salt
Rubber, hard
Rubber, hard
Speculum metal
Steel, 0.14 C, 34.5 Ni
t, °C
0–100
−191–+16
20
−20–−1
C × 104
Substance
0.058
0.424
1.983
0.51
Topas:
Parallel to lesser horizontal axis
Parallel to greater horizontal axis
Parallel to vertical axis
Tourmaline:
Parallel to longitudinal
axis
Parallel to horizontal
axis
Type metal
Vulcanite
Wedgwood ware
Wood:
Parallel to fiber:
Ash
Beech
Chestnut
Elm
Mahogany
Maple
Oak
Pine
Walnut
Across the fiber:
Beech
Chestnut
Elm
Mahogany
Maple
Oak
Pine
Walnut
Wax white
Wax white
Wax white
Wax white
0–80
0–80
0.2631
0.0544
0–100
25–100
12–39
15–100
25–100
25–600
0–16
16–38
38–49
0.2508
0.09
0.238
0.181
0.117
0.14
0.16
1.0662
1.3030
4.7707
40
0.0884
0–100
20–790
1000–1400
0.1523
0.0413
0.0553
t, °C
C × 104
0−100
0.0832
0−100
0−100
0.0836
0.0472
0−100
0.0937
0−100
16.6−254
0−18
0−100
0.0773
0.1952
0.6360
0.0890
0−100
2.34
2.34
2.34
2.34
2.34
2.34
2.34
2.34
0.0951
0.0257
0.0649
0.0565
0.0361
0.0638
0.0492
0.0541
0.0658
Ebonite
Fluorspar, CaF2
0–80
0.0797
German silver
−190 to + 16
0.0521
2.34
0.614
Gold-platinum, 2 Au + 1 Pt
0–80
0.1337
2.34
0.325
Gold-copper, 2 Au + 1 Cu
–190 to + 16
−0.0026
2.34
0.443
Glass:
16 to 500
0.0057
2.34
0.404
Tube
0–100
0.0833
16 to 1000
0.0058
2.34
0.484
Tube
0–100
0.0828
40
0.4040
2.34
0.544
Plate
0–100
0.0891
0
0.691
2.34
0.341
Crown (mean)
0–100
0.0897
–160
0.300
2.34
0.484
Crown (mean)
50–60
0.0954
0–100
0.1933
10−26
2.300
Flint
50–60
0.0788
25–100
0.037
26−31
3.120
III
Jena ther- 16
0–100
0.081
25–600
0.136
31−43
4.860
mometer normal
43−57
15.227
*Smithsonian Tables. For a more complete tabulation see Tables 143, 144. Smithsonian Physical Tables. 9th ed., 1954, also reprinted in American Institute of Physics
Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 40th ed., pp. 2239–2245, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. For data on many solids prior to
1926, see Gruneisen, Handbuch der Physik, vol. 10, pp. 1–52, 1926, translation available as N.A.S.A. RE 2-18-59W, 1959. For eight plastic solids below 300 K, see Scott,
Cryogenic Engineering, p. 331, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ, 1959. For 11 other materials to 300 K, see Scott, loc. cit., p. 333. For quartz and silica, see Cook, Brit. J. Appl.
Phys., 7, 285 (1956).
}
THERMAL EXPAnSIOn AnD COMPRESSIBILITY
TABLE 2-102
Volume Expansion of Liquids*
TABLE 2-103
If V0 is the volume at 0°, then at t° the expansion formula is Vt = V0(1 + αt + βt2 + γ t3).
The table gives values of α, β, and γ, and of C, the true coefficient of volume expansion
at 20° for some liquids and solutions. The temperature range of the observation is ∆t.
Values for the coefficient of volume expansion of liquids can be derived from the tables
of specific volumes of the saturated liquid given as a function of temperature later in
this section. C = (dV/dt)/V0
Liquid
Range
α × 103
β × 106
γ × 108
C × 103
at 20°
Acetic acid
16−107
1.0630
0.12636
1.0876 1.071
Acetone
0−54
1.3240
3.8090
−0.87983 1.487
Alcohol:
Amyl
−15–80
0.9001
0.6573
1.18458 0.902
Ethyl, 30% by volume
18−39
0.2928 10.790
−11.87
Ethyl, 50% by volume
0−39
0.7450
1.85
0.730
Ethyl, 99.3% by volume
27−46
1.012
2.20
1.12
Ethyl, 500 atm pressure
0−40
0.866
Ethyl, 3000 atm pressure
0−40
0.524
Methyl
0−61
1.1342
1.3635
0.8741 1.199
Benzene
11−81
1.17626 1.27776
0.80648 1.237
Bromine
0−59
1.06218 1.87714 −0.30854 1.132
Calcium chloride:
5.8% solution
18−25
0.07878 4.2742
0.250
40.9% solution
17−24
0.42383 0.8571
0.458
Carbon disulfide
−34–60
1.13980 1.37065
1.91225 1.218
500 atm pressure
0−50
0.940
3000 atm pressure
0−50
0.581
Carbon tetrachloride
0−76
1.18384 0.89881
1.35135 1.236
Chloroform
0−63
1.10715 4.66473 −1.74328 1.273
Ether
−15–38
1.51324 2.35918
4.00512 1.656
Glycerin
0.4853
0.4895
0.505
Hydrochloric acid,
33.2% solution
0−33
0.4460
0.215
0.455
Mercury
0−100
0.18182 0.0078
0.18186
Olive oil
0.6821
1.1405
−0.539
0.721
Pentane
0−33
1.4646
3.09319
1.6084 1.608
Potassium chloride,
24.3% solution
16−25
0.2695
2.080
0.353
Phenol
36−157
0.8340
0.10732
0.4446 1.090
Petroleum, 0.8467 density
24−120
0.8994
1.396
0.955
Sodium chloride, 20.6%
solution
0−29
0.3640
1.237
0.414
Sodium sulfate, 24%
solution
11−40
0.3599
1.258
0.410
Sulfuric acid:
10.9% solution
0−30
0.2835
2.580
0.387
100.0%
0−30
0.5758 −0.432
0.558
Turpentine
−9−106
0.9003
1.9595
−0.44998 0.973
Water
0−33
−0.06427 8.5053
−6.7900 0.207
*Smithsonian Tables, Table 269. For a detailed discussion of mercury data, see Cook,
Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 7, 285 (1956). For data on nitrogen and argon, see Johnson (ed.),
WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
Bromoform1 7.7 − 50°C.
Vt = 0.34204[1 + 0.00090411(t − 7.7) + 0.0000006766(t − 7.7)2]
0.34204 is the specific volume of bromoform at 7.7°C.
Glycerin2 −62 to 0°C.
Vt = V0(1 + 4.83 × 10−4t − 0.49 × 10−6t2)
0 − 80°C.
Vt = V0(1 + 4.83 × 10−4t + 0.49 × 10−6t2)
3
Mercury 0 − 300°C.
Vt − V0[1 + 10−8(18,153.8t + 0.7548t2 + 0.001533t2 + 0.00000536t4)]
1
Sherman and Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 50, 1119 (1928). (An obvious error in their
equation has been corrected.)
2
Samsoen, Ann. phys., (10) 9, 91 (1928).
3
Harlow, Phil. Mag., (7) 7, 674 (1929).
2-181
Volume Expansion of Solids*
If v2 and v1 are the volumes at t2 and t1, respectively, then v2 = v1(1 + C∆t), C being the
coefficient of cubical expansion and ∆t the temperature interval. Where only a single
temperature is stated, C represents the true coefficient of volume expansion at that
temperature.
Substance
t or ∆t
C × 104
Antimony
Beryl
Bismuth
Copper†
Diamond
Emerald
Galena
Glass, common tube
hard
Jena, borosilicate 59 III
pure silica
Gold
Ice
Iron
Lead†
Paraffin
Platinum
Porcelain, Berlin
chloride
nitrate
sulfate
Quartz
Rock salt
Rubber
Silver
Sodium
Stearic acid
Sulfur, native
Tin
Zinc†
0−100
0−100
0−100
0−100
40
40
0−100
0−100
0−100
20−100
0−80
0−100
−20 to −1
0−100
0−100
20
0−100
20
0−100
0−100
20
0−100
50−60
20
0−100
20
33.8−45.4
13.2−50.3
0−100
0−100
0.3167
0.0105
0.3948
0.4998
0.0354
0.0168
0.558
0.276
0.214
0.156
0.0129
0.4411
1.1250
0.3550
0.8399
5.88
0.265
0.0814
1.094
1.967
1.0754
0.3840
1.2120
4.87
0.5831
2.13
8.1
2.23
0.6889
0.8928
*Smithsonian Tables, Table 268.
†
See additional data below.
Aluminum1
100 − 530°C.
V = V0(1 + 2.16 × 10−5t + 0.95 × 10−8t2)
1
Cadmium
130 − 270°C.
V = V0(1 + 8.04 × 10−5t + 5.9 × 10−8t2)
1
Copper
110 − 300°C.
V = V0(1 + 1.62 × 10−5t + 0.20 × 10−8t2)
Colophony2
0 − 34°C.
V = V0(1 + 2.21 × 10−4t + 0.31 × 10−6t2)
34 − 150°C.
V = V34[1 + 7.40 × 10−4(t − 34) + 5.91 × 10−6(t − 34)2]
1
Lead
100 − 280°C.
V = V0(1 + 1.60 × 10−5t + 3.2 × 10−8t2)
2
Shellac
0 − 46°C.
V = V0(1 + 2.73 × 10−4t + 0.39 × 10−6t2)
46 − 100°C.
V = V46[1 + 13.10 × 10−4(t − 46) + 0.62 × 10−6(t − 46)2]
Silica (vitreous)3
0 − 300°C.
Vt = V0[1 + 10−8(93.6t + 0.7776t2 − 0.003315t2 + 0.000005244t4)
Sugar (cane, amorphous)2 0 − 67°C.
Vt = V0(1 + 2.34 × 10−4t + 0.14 × 10−6t2)
67 − 160°C.
Vt = V67[1 + 5.02 × 10−4(t − 67) + 0.43 × 10−6(t − 67)2]
Zinc1
120 − 360°C.
Vt = V0(1 + 8.50 × 10−5t + 3.9 × 10−8t2)
1
2
3
Uffelmann, Phil. Mag., (7) 10, 633 (1930).
Samsoen, Ann. phys., (10) 9, 83 (1928).
Harlow, Phil. Mag., (7) 7, 674 (1929).
2-182
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
GAS EXPAnSIOn: JOULE-THOMSOn EFFECT
Introduction The Joule-Thomson coefficient, (∂T/∂P)H , is the change
in gas temperature with pressure during an adiabatic expansion (a throttling
process, at constant enthalpy H). The temperature at which the Joule-Thomson
coefficient changes sign is called the Joule-Thomson inversion temperature.
Joule-Thomson coefficients for substances listed in Table 2-104 are given
in tables in the Thermodynamic Properties section.
Unit Conversions To convert the Joule-Thomson coefficient µ, in
degrees Celsius per atmosphere to degrees Fahrenheit per atmosphere,
multiply by 1.8. Temperature conversion: °F = 9⁄5°C + 32; °R = 9⁄5 K.
To convert bars to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 14.504; to
convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 100.
TABLE 2-104 Additional References Available for the Joule-Thomson Coefficient
Temp. range, °C
Pressure range, atm
Gas
0–10
10–50
50–200
12, 15, 19
35
15, 19, 35
Ammonia
Argon
Benzene
Butane
Carbon dioxide
12, 15, 16
19, 35
28
39
31
26
7, 8, 28
37
17
Air
Carbon monoxide
Deuterium
Dowtherm A
Ethane
Ethylene
Helium
Hydrogen
46
45
1, 38
24, 30
39
31
26
7, 8, 37
17
22, 24, 25
1∗
46
45
>200
<0
0–300
19, 35
12, 15, 16
19, 35
28
39
31
26
7, 8, 9, 10
37
17
39
31
39
7, 8, 37
7, 8, 37
1,∗ 22, 24
25
17
1,∗ 22, 24,
25
1, 38
22, 24, 25
30
6
38
24, 30
6
Methane
Mixtures
Natural gas
Nitrogen
13, 28, 40
13, 40
33
13, 40
Nitrous oxide
Pentane
Propane
Steam
26, 34, 44
41
28, 29, 42
34
43
29, 42, 47
42, 47
1, 38
22, 24, 25
30
33
13
34
33
13, 40
46
45
9, 10
38
24
6
9, 11
33
9, 10, 13
28, 40
9, 10
26, 34, 44
43
28, 29, 42
45
>300
Other references
3, 4, 18
2, 3
31
46
48
13
19
29, 42, 47
29, 47
∗See also 14 (generalized chart); 18 (review, to 1919); 20–22; 23 (review, to 1948); 27 (review, to 1905); 32, 36, 41, 50.
References: 1. Baehr. Z. Elektrochem., 60, 515 (1956). 2. Beattie, J. Math. Phys., 9, 11 (1930). 3. Beattie, Phys. Rev., 35, 643 (1930). 4. Bradley and Hale, Phys. Rev., 29, 258
(1909). 5. Brown and Dean, Bur. Stand. J. Res., 60, 161 (1958). 6. Budenholzer, Sage, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 29, 658 (1937). 7. Burnett, Phys. Rev., 22, 590 (1923). 8. Burnett,
Univ. Wisconsin Bull. 9(6), 1926. 9. Charnley, Ph.D. thesis. University of Manchester, 1952. 10. Charnley, Isles, et al., Proc. R. Soc. (London), A217, 133 (1953). 11. Charnley,
Rowlinson, et al., Proc. R. Soc. (London), A230, 354 (1955). 12. Dalton, Commun. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden, no. 109c, 1909. 13. Deming and Deming, Phys. Rev., 48, 448 (1935).
14. Edmister, Pet. Refiner, 28, 128 (1949). 15. Eucken, Clusius, et al., Z. Tech. Phys., 13, 267 (1932). 16. Eumorfopoulos and Rai, Phil. Mag., 7, 961 (1926). 17. Huang, Lin,
et al., Z. Phys., 100, 594 (1936). 18. Hoxton, Phys. Rev., 13, 438 (1919). 19. Ishkin and Kaganev, J. Tech. Phys. U.S.S.R., 26, 2323 (1956). 20. Isles, Ph.D. thesis, Leeds University.
21. Jenkin and Pye, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London), A213, 67 (1914); A215, 353 (1915). 22. Johnston, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2362 (1946). 23. Johnston, Trans. Am. Soc. Mech.
Eng., 70, 651 (1948). 24. Johnston, Bezman, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2367 (1946). 25. Johnston, Swanson, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2373 (1946). 26. Kennedy, Sage,
et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 718 (1936). 27. Kester, Phys. Rev., 21, 260 (1905). 28. Keyes and Collins, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 18, 328 (1932). 29. Kleinschmidt, Mech. Eng., 45, 165
(1923); 48, 155 (1926). 30. Koeppe, Kältetechnik, 8, 275 (1956). 31. Lindsay and Brown, Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 817 (1935). 32. Noell, dissertation, Munich, 1914, Forschungsdienst, 184, p. 1, 1916. 33. Palienko, Tr. Inst. Ispol’ z. Gaza, Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR, no. 4, p. 87, 1956. 34. Pattee and Brown, Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 511, (1934). 35. Roebuck, Proc.
Am. Acad. Arts Sci., 60, 537 (1925); 64, 287 (1930). 36. Roebuck, see 49 below, 37. Roebuck and Murrell, Phys. Rev., 55, 240 (1939). 38. Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev.,
37, 110 (1931); 43, 60 (1933). 39. Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev., 46, 785 (1934). 40. Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev., 48, 450 (1935). 41. Roebuck, Murrell, et al.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 64, 400 (1942). 42. Sage, unpublished data, California Institute of Technology, 1959. 43. Sage and Lacy, Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 1484 (1934). 44. Sage,
Kennedy, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 601 (1936). 45. Sage, Webster, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 29, 658 (1937). 46. Ullock, Gaffert, et al., Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 32, 73
(1936). 47. Yang, Ind. Eng. Chem., 45, 786 (1953). 48. Zelmanov, J. Phys. U.S.S.R., 3, 43 (1940). 49. Roebuck, recalculated data. 50. Michels et al., van der Waals laboratory
publications. Gunn, Cheuh, and Prausnitz, Cryogenics, 6, 324 (1966), review equations relating the inversion temperatures and pressures. The ability of various equations of state to relate these was also discussed by Miller, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 585 (1970); and Juris and Wenzel, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 18, 684 (1972). Perhaps
the most detailed review is that of Hendricks, Peller, and Baron. NASA Tech. Note D 6807, 1972.
CRITICAL COnSTAnTS
TABLE 2-105 Approximate Inversion-Curve Locus
in Reduced Coordinates (Tr = T/Tc ; Pr = P/Pc)*
Pr
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
TrL
TrU
0.782
4.984
0.800
4.916
0.818
4.847
0.838
4.777
0.859
4.706
0.880
4.633
0.903
4.550
0.953
4.401
Pr
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11.79
TrL
1.01
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.35
1.50
1.73
2.24
TrU
4.23
4.06
3.88
3.68
3.45
3.18
2.86
2.24
∗Calculated from the best three-constant equation recommended by Miller, Ind.
Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 585 (1970). TrL refers to the lower curve, and TrU, to the upper
curve.
Additional References For other inorganic substances see Mathews,
Chem. Rev., 72 (1972):71–100. For other organics see Kudchaker, Alani, and
Zwolinski, Chem. Rev., 68 (1968): 659–735.
TABLE 2-106
Cmpd. no.
2-183
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Formula
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
CAS
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
Mol. wt.
TC, K
44.05256
59.0672
60.052
102.08864
58.07914
41.0519
26.03728
56.06326
72.06266
53.0626
28.96
17.03052
108.13782
39.948
121.13658
78.11184
110.17684
122.12134
103.1213
182.2179
108.13782
136.19098
124.20342
154.2078
159.808
157.0079
108.965
94.93852
54.09044
54.09044
58.1222
90.121
90.121
74.1216
74.1216
56.10632
56.10632
56.10632
116.15828
134.21816
90.1872
90.1872
54.09044
72.10572
88.1051
69.1051
44.0095
76.1407
28.0101
153.8227
88.0043
70.906
466
761
591.95
606
508.2
545.5
308.3
506
615
540
132.45
405.65
645.6
150.86
824
562.05
689
751
702.3
830
720.15
662
718
773
584.15
670.15
503.8
464
452
425
425.12
680
676
563.1
535.9
419.5
435.5
428.6
575.4
660.5
570.1
554
440
537.2
615.7
585.4
304.21
552
132.92
556.35
227.51
417.15
PC, MPa
5.57
6.6
5.786
4
4.701
4.85
6.138
5
5.66
4.66
3.774
11.28
4.25
4.898
5.05
4.895
4.74
4.47
4.215
3.352
4.374
3.11
4.06
3.38
10.3
4.5191
5.565
6.929
4.36
4.32
3.796
5.21
4.02
4.414
4.1885
4.02
4.21
4.1
3.09
2.89
3.97
4.06
4.6
4.41
4.06
3.88
7.383
7.9
3.499
4.56
3.745
7.71
VC, m3/kmol
0.154
0.215
0.177
0.304
0.209
0.193
0.112
0.197
0.208
0.216
0.09147
0.07247
0.337
0.07459
0.346
0.256
0.315
0.344
0.3132
0.5677
0.382
0.442
0.367
0.497
0.135
0.324
0.204
0.152
0.22
0.221
0.255
0.303
0.305
0.273
0.27
0.241
0.234
0.238
0.389
0.497
0.307
0.307
0.208
0.258
0.293
0.291
0.094
0.16
0.0944
0.276
0.143
0.124
ZC
0.221
0.224
0.208
0.241
0.233
0.206
0.268
0.234
0.23
0.224
0.313
0.242
0.267
0.291
0.255
0.268
0.261
0.246
0.226
0.276
0.279
0.25
0.25
0.261
0.286
0.263
0.271
0.273
0.255
0.27
0.274
0.279
0.218
0.258
0.254
0.278
0.272
0.274
0.251
0.262
0.257
0.271
0.262
0.255
0.232
0.232
0.274
0.275
0.299
0.272
0.283
0.276
Acentric factor
0.262493
0.421044
0.466521
0.455328
0.306527
0.341926
0.191185
0.319832
0.538324
0.310664
0
0.252608
0.350169
0
0.5585
0.2103
0.262789
0.602794
0.343214
0.501941
0.363116
0.433236
0.312604
0.402873
0.128997
0.250575
0.205275
0.153426
0.165877
0.195032
0.200164
0.630463
0.704256
0.58828
0.580832
0.184495
0.201877
0.217592
0.439393
0.394149
0.271361
0.25059
0.246976
0.282553
0.675003
0.3601
0.223621
0.110697
0.0481621
0.192552
0.178981
0.0688183
(Continued)
2-184
TABLE 2-106
Cmpd. no.
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di–isopropyl amine
Di–isopropyl ether
Di–isopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Formula
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
CAS
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
Mol. wt.
112.5569
64.5141
119.37764
50.4875
78.54068
78.54068
108.13782
108.13782
108.13782
120.19158
52.0348
56.10632
84.15948
100.15888
98.143
82.1436
70.1329
68.11702
42.07974
116.22448
156.2652
142.28168
172.265
158.28108
140.2658
174.34668
138.24992
4.0316
187.86116
187.86116
173.83458
130.22792
147.00196
147.00196
147.00196
98.95916
98.95916
84.93258
112.98574
112.98574
105.13564
73.13684
74.1216
90.1872
66.04997
66.04997
52.02339
101.19
102.17476
114.18546
90.121
104.14758
54.09044
TC, K
PC, MPa
VC, m3/kmol
632.35
460.35
536.4
416.25
503.15
489
705.85
697.55
704.65
631
400.15
459.93
553.8
650.1
653
560.4
511.7
507
398
664
674
617.7
722.1
688
616.6
696
619.85
38.35
628
650.15
611
584.1
683.95
705
684.75
523
561.6
510
560
572
736.6
496.6
466.7
557.15
386.44
445
351.255
523.1
500.05
576
507.8
543
473.2
4.5191
5.27
5.472
6.68
4.425
4.54
4.56
5.01
5.15
3.209
5.924
4.98
4.08
4.26
4
4.35
4.51
4.8
5.54
3.97
2.6
2.11
2.28
2.308
2.223
2.13
2.37
1.6617
6.03
5.4769
7.17
2.46
4.07
4.07
4.07
5.07
5.37
6.08
4.24
4.24
4.27
3.71
3.64
3.96
4.5198
4.34
5.784
3.2
2.88
3.02
3.773
3.446
4.87
0.308
0.192
0.239
0.141
0.243
0.247
0.312
0.282
0.277
0.434
0.151
0.21
0.308
0.322
0.311
0.291
0.26
0.245
0.162
0.355
0.575
0.617
0.639
0.645
0.584
0.624
0.552
0.060263
0.276
0.2616
0.223
0.487
0.351
0.351
0.351
0.24
0.22
0.185
0.291
0.291
0.349
0.301
0.28
0.318
0.179
0.195
0.123
0.418
0.386
0.416
0.297
0.35
0.221
ZC
0.265
0.264
0.293
0.272
0.257
0.276
0.242
0.244
0.244
0.265
0.269
0.273
0.273
0.254
0.229
0.272
0.276
0.279
0.271
0.255
0.267
0.254
0.243
0.26
0.253
0.23
0.254
0.314
0.319
0.265
0.315
0.247
0.251
0.244
0.251
0.28
0.253
0.265
0.265
0.259
0.243
0.27
0.263
0.272
0.252
0.229
0.244
0.308
0.267
0.262
0.265
0.267
0.274
Acentric factor
0.249857
0.188591
0.221902
0.151
0.215047
0.198553
0.448034
0.43385
0.50721
0.327406
0.275605
0.18474
0.208054
0.369047
0.299006
0.212302
0.194874
0.19611
0.127829
0.264134
0.520066
0.492328
0.813724
0.606986
0.480456
0.587421
0.51783
−0.14486
0.125025
0.206724
0.20945
0.447646
0.27898
0.219189
0.284638
0.233943
0.286595
0.198622
0.252928
0.256391
0.952882
0.303856
0.281065
0.29002
0.275052
0.222428
0.277138
0.388315
0.338683
0.404427
0.32768
0.352222
0.238542
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
2-185
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
45.08368
86.17536
112.21264
112.21264
112.21264
94.19904
46.06844
73.09378
100.20194
194.184
60.17042
62.134
78.13344
194.184
88.10512
170.2072
101.19
170.33484
282.54748
30.069
46.06844
88.10512
45.08368
106.165
150.1745
116.15828
116.15828
112.21264
98.18606
28.05316
60.09832
62.06784
43.0678
44.05256
74.07854
144.211
130.22792
88.14818
100.15888
62.13404
102.1317
88.14818
163.506
37.9968064
96.1023032
48.0595
34.03292
30.02598
45.04062
46.0257
68.07396
4.0026
240.46774
114.18546
100.20194
437.2
500
591.15
606.15
596.15
615
400.1
649.6
537.3
766
402
503.04
729
777.4
587
766.8
550
658
768
305.32
514
523.3
456.15
617.15
698
655
571
609.15
569.5
282.34
593
720
537
469.15
508.4
674.6
583
489
567
499.15
546
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
420
771
588
490.15
5.2
736
620
540.2
5.34
3.15
2.93843
2.93843
2.93843
5.36
5.37
4.42
2.91
2.78
3.56
5.53
5.65
2.76
5.2081
3.08
3.14
1.82
1.16
4.872
6.137
3.88
5.62
3.609
3.18
3.41
2.95
3.04
3.4
5.041
6.29
8.2
6.85
7.19
4.74
2.778
2.46
3.41
3.32
5.49
3.362
3.37007
3.33
5.1724
4.55051
5.028
5.87511
6.59
7.8
5.81
5.5
0.2275
1.34
3.16
2.74
0.18
0.361
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.252
0.17
0.26199
0.393
0.53
0.258
0.201
0.227
0.529
0.238
0.503
0.402
0.755
1.34
0.1455
0.168
0.286
0.207
0.374
0.489
0.389
0.403
0.43
0.375
0.131
0.264
0.191
0.173
0.140296
0.229
0.528
0.487
0.329
0.369
0.207
0.345
0.339
0.403
0.066547
0.269
0.159
0.113
0.0851
0.163
0.125
0.218
0.0573
1.11
0.434
0.428
0.264
0.274
0.269
0.268
0.273
0.264
0.2744
0.214
0.256
0.231
0.275
0.266
0.212
0.226
0.254
0.243
0.276
0.251
0.243
0.279
0.241
0.255
0.307
0.263
0.268
0.244
0.25
0.258
0.269
0.281
0.337
0.262
0.265
0.25876
0.257
0.262
0.247
0.276
0.26
0.274
0.256
0.275
0.288
0.287
0.263
0.256
0.252
0.161
0.198
0.149
0.294
0.302
0.244
0.266
0.261
0.299885
0.249251
0.232569
0.232443
0.237864
0.205916
0.200221
0.31771
0.296407
0.656848
0.129957
0.194256
0.280551
0.580691
0.279262
0.43889
0.449684
0.576385
0.906878
0.099493
0.643558
0.366409
0.284788
0.30347
0.477055
0.632579
0.401075
0.245525
0.270095
0.0862484
0.472367
0.506776
0.200735
0.197447
0.284736
0.801289
0.494378
0.305629
0.389061
0.187751
0.394373
0.347328
0.269778
0.0530336
0.247183
0.217903
0.194721
0.167887
0.412381
0.312521
0.201538
−0.390032
0.769688
0.405751
0.349469
(Continued)
2-186
TABLE 2-106
Cmpd. no.
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
Formula
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
BrH
ClH
CHN
FH
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
CAS
Mol. wt.
TC, K
PC, MPa
VC, m3/kmol
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
130.185
116.20134
116.20134
114.18546
114.18546
98.18606
132.26694
96.17018
226.44116
100.15888
86.17536
116.158
102.17476
102.175
100.15888
100.15888
84.15948
82.1436
118.24036
82.1436
82.1436
32.04516
2.01588
80.91194
36.46094
27.02534
20.0063432
34.08088
88.10512
59.11026
104.06146
86.08924
16.0425
32.04186
73.09378
74.07854
40.06386
86.08924
31.0571
136.14792
68.11702
72.14878
102.1317
88.1482
70.1329
70.1329
66.10114
88.14818
104.214
68.11702
102.1317
80.5889
98.18606
677.3
632.3
608.3
606.6
611.4
537.4
645
547
723
594
507.6
660.2
611.3
585.3
587.61
582.82
504
544
623
516.2
549
653.15
33.19
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605
471.85
834
662
190.564
512.5
718
506.55
402.4
536
430.05
693
490
460.4
643
577.2
465
470
492
512.74
593
463.2
554.5
442
572.1
3.043
3.085
3
2.92
2.94
2.92
2.77
3.21
1.4
3.46
3.025
3.308
3.446
3.311
3.287
3.32
3.21
3.53
3.08
3.62
3.53
14.7
1.313
8.552
8.31
5.39
6.48
8.96291
3.7
4.54
6.1
4.79
4.599
8.084
4.98
4.75
5.63
4.25
7.46
3.59
3.83
3.38
3.89
3.93
3.447
3.42
4.38
3.371
3.47
4.2
3.473
4.17
3.48
0.466
0.444
0.447
0.433
0.434
0.402
0.465
0.387
1.04
0.378
0.371
0.408
0.382
0.385
0.378
0.378
0.348
0.331
0.412
0.322
0.331
0.158
0.064147
0.1
0.081
0.139
0.069
0.0985
0.292
0.221
0.279
0.28
0.0986
0.117
0.267
0.228
0.164
0.27
0.154
0.436
0.291
0.306
0.347
0.329
0.292
0.292
0.248
0.329
0.36
0.275
0.34
0.246
0.369
ZC
0.252
0.261
0.265
0.251
0.251
0.263
0.24
0.273
0.243
0.266
0.266
0.246
0.259
0.262
0.254
0.259
0.267
0.258
0.245
0.272
0.256
0.428
0.305
0.283
0.249
0.197
0.117
0.284
0.215
0.256
0.245
0.244
0.286
0.222
0.223
0.257
0.276
0.258
0.321
0.272
0.274
0.27
0.252
0.269
0.26
0.256
0.266
0.26
0.253
0.3
0.256
0.279
0.27
Acentric factor
0.759934
0.562105
0.567733
0.407565
0.418982
0.343194
0.422568
0.377799
0.717404
0.361818
0.301261
0.733019
0.558598
0.553
0.384626
0.380086
0.285121
0.218301
0.368101
0.332699
0.221387
0.314282
−0.215993
0.073409
0.131544
0.409913
0.382283
0.0941677
0.61405
0.275913
0.738273
0.331817
0.0115478
0.565831
0.435111
0.331255
0.211537
0.342296
0.281417
0.420541
0.187439
0.227875
0.589443
0.59002
0.234056
0.28703
0.137046
0.313008
0.3229
0.308085
0.377519
0.225204
0.236055
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-187
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F 3N
CH3NO2
N 2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
114.18546
114.18546
114.18546
84.15948
82.1436
82.1436
115.03396
60.09502
72.10572
76.1606
60.05196
88.14818
100.15888
57.05132
74.1216
86.1323
90.1872
48.10746
100.11582
158.23802
86.17536
102.17476
58.1222
74.1216
56.10632
88.10512
74.1216
90.1872
46.14384
118.1757
88.1482
58.07914
128.17052
20.1797
75.0666
28.0134
71.00191
61.04002
44.0128
30.0061
268.5209
142.23862
128.2551
158.238
144.2545
144.255
126.23922
160.3201
124.22334
254.49432
128.212
114.22852
144.211
130.22792
130.228
686
614
617
532.7
542
526
483
437.8
535.5
533
487.2
497
574.6
488
464.48
553.4
553.1
469.95
566
694
497.7
546.49
407.8
506.2
417.9
530.6
476.25
565
352.5
654
497.1
437
748.4
44.4
593
126.2
234
588.15
309.57
180.15
758
658.5
594.6
710.7
670.9
649.5
593.1
681
598.05
747
638.9
568.7
694.26
652.3
629.8
4
3.79
3.79
3.79
4.13
4.13
3.95
4.4
4.15
4.26
6
3.41
3.27
5.48
3.762
3.8
4.021
7.23
3.68
2.54
3.04
3.042
3.64
3.972
4
4.004
3.801
3.97
4.7
3.36
3.286
4.67
4.05
2.653
5.16
3.4
4.4607
6.31
7.245
6.48
1.21
2.68
2.29
2.514
2.527
2.5408
2.428
2.31
2.61
1.27
2.96
2.49
2.779
2.783
2.749
0.374
0.374
0.374
0.319
0.303
0.303
0.289
0.221
0.267
0.254
0.172
0.329
0.369
0.202
0.276
0.31
0.328
0.145
0.323
0.572
0.368
0.38
0.259
0.275
0.239
0.282
0.276
0.307
0.205
0.399
0.329
0.21
0.407
0.0417
0.236
0.08921
0.11875
0.173
0.0974
0.058
1.26
0.543
0.551
0.584
0.576
0.577
0.524
0.571
0.497
1.19
0.488
0.486
0.523
0.509
0.512
0.262
0.278
0.276
0.273
0.278
0.286
0.284
0.267
0.249
0.244
0.255
0.272
0.253
0.273
0.269
0.256
0.28718
0.268
0.253
0.252
0.27
0.254
0.278
0.26
0.275
0.256
0.265
0.259
0.329
0.247
0.262
0.27
0.265
0.3
0.247
0.289
0.272
0.223
0.274
0.251
0.242
0.266
0.255
0.248
0.261
0.271
0.258
0.233
0.261
0.243
0.272
0.256
0.252
0.261
0.269
0.221299
0.68049
0.67904
0.228759
0.23179
0.229606
0.275755
0.231374
0.323369
0.209108
0.255551
0.307786
0.355671
0.300694
0.26555
0.320845
0.24611
0.158174
0.280233
0.791271
0.279149
0.344201
0.183521
0.615203
0.19484
0.346586
0.276999
0.273669
0.131449
0.32297
0.246542
0.241564
0.302034
−0.0395988
0.380324
0.0377215
0.119984
0.348026
0.140894
0.582944
0.852231
0.473309
0.44346
0.778706
0.584074
0.6092
0.436736
0.52604
0.470974
0.811359
0.441993
0.399552
0.773427
0.569694
0.58814
(Continued)
2-188
TABLE 2-106
Cmpd. no.
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued )
Name
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
Formula
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
CAS
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
Mol. wt.
TC, K
128.21204
128.21204
112.21264
146.29352
110.19676
90.03488
31.9988
47.9982
212.41458
86.1323
72.14878
102.132
88.1482
88.1482
86.1323
86.1323
70.1329
104.21378
104.21378
68.11702
68.11702
178.2292
94.11124
119.1207
148.11556
40.06386
44.09562
60.09502
60.095
122.20746
58.07914
74.0785
55.0785
102.1317
59.11026
120.19158
42.07974
88.10512
76.16062
76.16062
632.7
627.7
566.9
667.3
574
828
154.58
261
708
566.1
469.7
639.16
588.1
561
561.08
560.95
464.8
584.3
598
481.2
519
869
694.25
653
791
394
369.83
536.8
508.3
636
503.6
600.81
561.3
549.73
496.95
638.35
364.85
538
517
536.6
PC, MPa
2.64
2.704
2.663
2.52
2.88
8.2
5.043
5.57
1.48
3.845
3.37
3.63
3.897
3.7
3.694
3.74
3.56
3.536
3.47
4.17
4.03
2.9
6.13
4.06
4.72
5.25
4.248
5.169
4.765
3.12
5.038
4.668
4.26
3.36
4.74
3.2
4.6
4.02
4.75
4.63
VC, m3/kmol
0.497
0.496953
0.464
0.518
0.442
0.227
0.0734
0.089
0.969
0.313
0.313
0.35
0.326
0.326
0.301
0.336
0.2934
0.385
0.359
0.277
0.276
0.554
0.229
0.37
0.421
0.165
0.2
0.219
0.222
0.437
0.204
0.235
0.242
0.345
0.26
0.44
0.185
0.285
0.254
0.254
ZC
0.249
0.257
0.262
0.235
0.267
0.27
0.288
0.228
0.244
0.256
0.27
0.239
0.258
0.259
0.238
0.269
0.27
0.28
0.251
0.289
0.258
0.222
0.243
0.277
0.302
0.264
0.276
0.254
0.25
0.258
0.246
0.22
0.221
0.254
0.298
0.265
0.281
0.256
0.281
0.264
Acentric factor
0.454874
0.440561
0.392149
0.449744
0.42329
0.286278
0.0221798
0.211896
0.68632
0.313152
0.251506
0.706632
0.57483
0.554979
0.343288
0.344846
0.237218
0.26853
0.320705
0.289925
0.175199
0.470716
0.44346
0.412323
0.702495
0.104121
0.152291
0.6209
0.663
0.341975
0.281254
0.579579
0.350057
0.388902
0.279839
0.344391
0.137588
0.308779
0.21381
0.231789
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O 2S
F 6S
O 3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
76.09442
108.09476
104.07911
104.14912
118.08804
64.0638
146.0554192
80.0632
166.13084
230.30376
198.388
72.10572
132.20228
88.17132
114.22852
84.13956
92.13842
133.40422
184.36142
101.19
59.11026
120.19158
120.19158
114.22852
114.22852
213.10452
227.1311
156.30826
172.30766
86.08924
52.07456
62.49822
161.48972
18.01528
106.165
106.165
106.165
626
683
259
636
838
430.75
318.69
490.85
883.6
857
693
540.15
720
631.95
568
579.35
591.75
602
675
535.15
433.25
664.5
649.1
543.8
573.5
846
828
639
703.9
519.13
454
432
543.15
647.096
617
630.3
616.2
6.1
5.96
3.72
3.84
5
7.8841
3.76
8.21
3.486
2.99
1.57
5.19
3.65
5.16
2.87
5.69
4.108
4.48
1.68
3.04
4.07
3.454
3.232
2.57
2.82
3.39
3.04
1.95
2.119
3.958
4.86
5.67
3.06
22.064
3.541
3.732
3.511
0.239
0.291
0.202
0.352
0.33
0.122
0.19852
0.127
0.424
0.731
0.897
0.224
0.408
0.249
0.461
0.219
0.316
0.281
0.826
0.39
0.254
0.414
0.43
0.468
0.455
0.479
0.572
0.685
0.715
0.27
0.205
0.179
0.408
0.0559472
0.375
0.37
0.378
0.28
0.305
0.349
0.256
0.237
0.269
0.282
0.255
0.201
0.307
0.244
0.259
0.249
0.245
0.28
0.259
0.264
0.252
0.247
0.266
0.287
0.259
0.258
0.266
0.269
0.231
0.253
0.252
0.259
0.248
0.264
0.283
0.276
0.229
0.259
0.264
0.259
1.10651
0.494515
0.38584
0.297097
0.743044
0.245381
0.215146
0.42396
0.94695
0.551265
0.643017
0.225354
0.335255
0.199551
0.244953
0.196972
0.264012
0.259135
0.617397
0.316193
0.206243
0.366553
0.37871
0.303455
0.2903
0.862257
0.897249
0.530316
0.623622
0.351307
0.106852
0.100107
0.281543
0.344861
0.326485
0.31013
0.321839
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 801 Critically Evaluated Gold Standard Database, copyright 2016 AIChE, and reproduced with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as “R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, T. A. Knotts, N. F. Giles, DIPPR Data Compilation
of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York, NY (2016)”.
2-189
2-190
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
COMPRESSIBILITIES
Introduction The compressibility factor Z can be calculated by using
the defining equation Z = PV/(RT), where P is pressure, V is molar volume, R
is the gas constant, and T is absolute temperature. Values of P, V, and T for
substances listed in Table 2-109 are given in tables in the Thermodynamic
Properties section. For the units used in these tables, R is 0.008314472
MPadm3/(mol ⋅ K). Values at temperatures and pressures other than those
in the tables can be generated for many of the substances in Table 2-109 by
TABLE 2-107
going to http://webbook.nist.gov and selecting NIST Chemistry WebBook,
then Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems High Accuracy Data.
Results can be pasted into a spreadsheet to facilitate calculation of the compressibility factor.
Unit Conversions For this subsection, the following unit conversion is
applicable: °R = 9⁄5 K. To convert bars to pounds-force per cubic inch, multiply by 14.504. To convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 100.
Compressibilities of Liquids*
At the constant temperature T, the compressibility β = (1/ V0 )(dV/dP). In general as P increases, β decreases rapidly at first and then slowly; the change of β with T is large
at low pressures but very small at pressures above 1000 to 2000 megabars. 1 megabar = 0.987 atm = 106 dynes/cm2 based upon the older usage, 1 bar = 1 dyne/cm2.
Substance
Temp.,
°C
Pressure,
megabars
Compressibility per
megabar
β × 106
Substance
Temp.,
°C
Pressure,
megabars
Compressibility per
megabar
β × 106
Substance
Temp.,
°C
Pressure,
megabars
Compressibility per
megabar
β × 106
Acetone
14
23
111
Ethyl acetate
20
400
75
Methyl alcohol
15
23
103
Acetone
20
500
61
alcohol
14
23
100
alcohol
20
200
95
Acetone
20
1,000
52
alcohol
20
500
63
alcohol
20
400
80
Acetone
40
12,000
9
alcohol
20
1,000
54
alcohol
20
500
65
Amyl alcohol
14
23
88
alcohol
20
12,000
8
alcohol
20
1,000
54
alcohol, iso.
20
200
84
bromide
20
200
100
alcohol
20
12,000
8
alcohol, iso.
20
400
70
bromide
20
400
82
Nitric acid
0
17
32
alcohol, n
20
500
61
bromide
20
500
70
Oils:
alcohol, n
20
1,000
46
bromide
20
1,000
54
Almond
15
5
53
alcohol, n
20
12,000
8
bromide
20
12,000
8
Castor
15
5
46
alcohol, n
40
12,000
8
chloride
15
23
151
Linseed
15
5
51
Benzene
17
5
89
chloride
20
500
102
Olive
15
5
55
Benzene
20
200
77
chloride
20
1,000
66
Rapeseed
20
59
Benzene
20
400
67
chloride
20
12,000
8
Phosphorus trichloride
10
250
71
Bromine
20
200
56
ether
25
23
188
trichloride
20
500
63
Bromine
20
400
51
ether
20
500
84
trichloride
20
1,000
47
Butyl alcohol, iso
18
8
97
ether
20
1,000
61
trichloride
20
12,000
8
alcohol, iso
20
200
81
ether
20
12,000
10
Propyl alcohol (n)
20
200
77
alcohol, iso
20
400
64
iodide
20
200
81
alcohol (n)
20
400
67
alcohol, iso
20
500
56
iodide
20
400
69
alcohol (n?)
20
500
65
alcohol, iso
20
1,000
46
iodide
20
500
64
alcohol (n?)
20
1,000
47
alcohol, iso
20
12,000
8
iodide
20
1,000
50
alcohol (n?)
20
12,000
7
Carbon bisulfide
16
21
86
iodide
20
12,000
8
Toluene
20
200
74
bisulfide
20
500
57
Gallium
30
300
3.97
Toluene
20
400
64
bisulfide
20
1,000
48
Glycerol
15
5
22
Turpentine
20
74
bisulfide
20
12,000
6
Hexane
20
200
117
Water
20
13
49
tetrachloride
20
200
86
Hexane
20
400
91
Water
20
200
43
tetrachloride
20
400
73
Kerosene
20
500
55
Water
20
400
41
Chloroform
20
200
83
Kerosene
20
1,000
45
Water
20
500
39
Chloroform
20
400
70
Kerosene
20
12,000
8
Water
40
500
38
Dichloroethylsulfide
32
1,000
34
Mercury
20
300
3.95
Water
40
1,000
33
Dichloroethylsulfide
32
2,000
24
Mercury
22
500
3.97
Water
40
12,000
9
Ethyl acetate
13
23
103
Mercury
22
1,000
3.91
Xylene, meta
20
200
69
acetate
20
200
90
Mercury
22
12,000
2.37
meta
20
400
60
* Smithsonian Tables, Table 106.
Scott (Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1959) gives data for liquid nitrogen (p. 283), oxygen (p. 276), and hydrogen (p. 303). For a convenient index
to the high-pressure work of Bridgman, see American Institute of Physics Handbook, p. 2-163, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957.
TABLE 2-108
Compressibilities of Solids
Many data on the compressibility of solids obtained prior to 1926 are contained in Gruneisen, Handbuch der Physik, vol. 10, Springer,
Berlin, 1926, pp. 1–52; also available as translation, NASA RE 2-18-59W, 1959. See also Tables 271, 273, 276, 278, and other material in
Smithsonian Physical Tables, 9th ed., 1954. For a review of high-pressure work to 1946, see Bridgman, Rev. Mod. Phys., 18, 1 (1946).
THERMODYnAMIC PROPERTIES
2-191
THERMODYnAMIC PROPERTIES
Explanation of Tables The following subsection presents thermodynamic properties of a number of fluids. In some cases, transport properties
are also included.
Property tables generated from the NIST database (Lemmon, E. W., M. O.
McLinden, and M. L. Huber, NIST Standard Reference Database 23) are listed in
Table 2-109. The number of digits provided in these tables was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting and does not represent the uncertainties
of the physical quantities: They are the result of calculations from the standard
thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format. They were generated using REFPROP software (Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1).
Megan Friend helped produce these tables initially for Perry’s 8th edition.
Because properties for many compounds also can be generated by the user
at the NIST website, only more commonly used compounds’ properties are
given here. For other compounds, go to http://webbook.nist.gov and select
NIST Chemistry WebBook > Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems
High Accuracy Data. After selecting the desired unit system and temperature
and/or pressure increments for which properties are to be generated, the
resulting table can be copied into a spreadsheet.
Notation
cp = isobaric specific heat
cv = isochoric specific heat
e = specific internal energy
h = enthalpy
k = thermal conductivity
p = pressure
s = specific entropy
t = temperature
T = absolute temperature
u = specific internal energy
µ = viscosity
v = specific volume
f = subscript denoting saturated liquid
g = subscript denoting saturated vapor
Unit Conversions For this subsection, the following unit conversions
are applicable:
cp, specific heat: To convert kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin to British thermal units (Btu) per pound–degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 0.23885.
e, internal energy: To convert kilojoules per kilogram to Btu per pound,
multiply by 0.42992.
g, gravity acceleration: To convert meters per second squared to feet per
second squared, multiply by 3.2808.
h, enthalpy: To convert kilojoules per kilogram to Btu per pound, multiply
by 0.42992.
k, thermal conductivity: To convert watts per meter-kelvin to Btu–feet per
hour–square foot–degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 0.57779.
p, pressure: To convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 100; to convert bars
to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 14.504; and to convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 0.01934.
s, entropy: To convert kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin to Btu per pound–
degree Rankine, multiply by 0.23885.
t, temperature: °F = 9⁄ 5°C + 32.
T, absolute temperature: °R = 9⁄ 5 K.
u, internal energy: To convert kilojoules per kilogram to Btu per pound,
multiply by 0.42992.
µ, viscosity: To convert pascal-seconds to pound-force–seconds per square
foot, multiply by 0.020885; to convert pascal-seconds to cp, multiply by 1000.
v, specific volume: To convert cubic meters per kilogram to cubic feet per
pound, multiply by 16.018.
r, density: To convert kilograms per cubic meter to pounds per cubic foot,
multiply by 0.062428.
Additional References Bretsznajder, Prediction of Transport and
Other Physical Properties of Fluids, Pergamon, New York, 1971. D’Ans and
Lax, Handbook for Chemists and Physicists (in German), 3 vols., SpringerVerlag, Berlin. Engineering Data Book, 12th ed., 2004, Natural Gas Processors Suppliers Association, Tulsa, Okla. Ganic, Hartnett, and Rohsenow,
Handbook of Heat Transfer, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984. Gray,
American Institute of Physics Handbook, 3d ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,
1972. Kay and Laby, Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants, Longman,
London, various editions and dates. Landolt-Börnstein Tables, many volumes and dates, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Partington, Advanced Treatise
on Physical Chemistry, Longman, London, 1950. Raznjevic, Handbook of
Thermodynamic Tables and Charts, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976 and
other editions. Reynolds, Thermodynamic Properties in SI, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 1979. Stephan and Lucas,
Viscosity of Dense Fluids, Plenum, New York and London, 1979. Vargaftik,
Tables of the Thermophysical Properties of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New
York, 1975. Vargaftik, Filippov, Tarzimanov, and Totskiy, Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases (in Russian), Standartov, Moscow, 1978. Weast,
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Co., Boca Raton, FL,
97th print edition (2016) and online.
2-192
PHYSICAL AnD CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-109
Thermodynamic Properties of Acetone
Temperature
K
Pressure
MPa
178.50
180.00
195.00
210.00
225.00
240.00
255.00
270.00
285.00
300.00
315.00
330.00
345.00
360.00
375.00
390.00
405.00
420.00
435.00
450.00
465.00
480.00
495.00
508.10
2.3265E-06
2.8743E-06
1.9454E-05
9.6588E-05
0.00037556
0.0012008
0.0032765
0.0078514
0.016899
0.033259
0.060720
0.10404
0.16891
0.26188
0.39033
0.56235
0.78681
1.0733
1.4324
1.8759
2.4172
3.0725
3.8632
4.6924
178.50
180.00
195.00
210.00
225.00
240.00
255.00
270.00
285.00
300.00
315.00
330.00
345.00
360.00
375.00
390.00
405.00
420.00
435.00
450.00
465.00
480.00
495.00
508.10
2.3265E-06
2.8743E-06
1.9454E-05
9.6588E-05
0.00037556
0.0012008
0.0032765
0.0078514
0.016899
0.033259
0.060720
0.10404
0.16891
0.26188
0.39033
0.56235
0.78681
1.0733
1.4324
1.8759
2.4172
3.0725
3.8632
4.6924
200.00
250.00
300.00
328.84
0.10000
0.10000
0.10000
0.10000
328.84
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
0.10000
0.10000
0.10000
0.10000
0.10000
0.10000
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
416.48
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
416.48
450.00
500.00
550.00
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
Density
mol/dm3
Volume
dm3/mol
Int.
energy
kJ/mol
0.063601
0.063715
0.064868
0.066048
0.067264
0.068525
0.069840
0.071218
0.072673
0.074217
0.075867
0.077643
0.079569
0.081677
0.084008
0.086616
0.089578
0.093001
0.097051
0.10200
0.10832
0.11706
0.13145
0.21277
0.47366
0.64687
2.3835
4.1282
5.8823
7.6487
9.4311
11.234
13.060
14.915
16.802
18.725
20.687
22.693
24.746
26.852
29.015
31.243
33.546
35.938
38.445
41.117
44.096
49.249
0.47366
0.64687
2.3835
4.1282
5.8823
7.6488
9.4314
11.234
13.062
14.918
16.807
18.733
20.701
22.714
24.779
26.900
29.085
31.343
33.685
36.130
38.707
41.476
44.604
50.247
0.0080825
0.0090488
0.018316
0.026935
0.035003
0.042602
0.049806
0.056674
0.063259
0.069601
0.075739
0.081702
0.087517
0.093209
0.098798
0.10431
0.10975
0.11516
0.12056
0.12599
0.13150
0.13720
0.14341
0.15437
0.082500
0.082598
0.083407
0.084076
0.084758
0.085541
0.086468
0.087553
0.088794
0.090180
0.091697
0.093329
0.095063
0.096886
0.098794
0.10078
0.10286
0.10504
0.10736
0.10986
0.11265
0.11600
0.12077
0.11544
0.11550
0.11604
0.11660
0.11731
0.11825
0.11946
0.12094
0.12270
0.12474
0.12704
0.12962
0.13249
0.13568
0.13924
0.14328
0.14794
0.15350
0.16042
0.16967
0.18350
0.20893
0.28551
1765.7
1757.0
1672.3
1591.8
1514.4
1439.4
1366.3
1294.8
1224.5
1155.2
1086.7
1018.8
951.24
883.84
816.36
748.57
680.21
610.99
540.51
468.19
392.99
312.66
221.66
0
637,900.
520,660.
83,324.
18,065.
4,973.1
1,656.0
642.89
282.74
137.74
72.996
41.482
24.979
15.782
10.377
7.0503
4.9192
3.5050
2.5368
1.8547
1.3611
0.99393
0.71168
0.48154
0.21277
36.689
36.764
37.528
38.314
39.121
39.947
40.790
41.649
42.522
43.406
44.302
45.207
46.119
47.033
47.946
48.849
49.733
50.582
51.376
52.083
52.648
52.968
52.771
49.249
38.173
38.260
39.149
40.059
40.989
41.936
42.897
43.869
44.849
45.834
46.821
47.806
48.784
49.751
50.698
51.615
52.490
53.305
54.033
54.636
55.050
55.154
54.631
50.247
0.21928
0.21801
0.20686
0.19803
0.19103
0.18546
0.18104
0.17754
0.17479
0.17266
0.17102
0.16980
0.16892
0.16831
0.16791
0.16768
0.16754
0.16745
0.16734
0.16711
0.16664
0.16569
0.16367
0.15437
0.050120
0.050280
0.051928
0.053740
0.055800
0.058169
0.060883
0.063945
0.067329
0.070988
0.074863
0.078895
0.083030
0.087227
0.091459
0.095718
0.10001
0.10438
0.10887
0.11357
0.11865
0.12436
0.13126
0.058440
0.058600
0.060265
0.062119
0.064267
0.066795
0.069763
0.073198
0.077094
0.081429
0.086172
0.091302
0.096822
0.10277
0.10927
0.11649
0.12481
0.13483
0.14772
0.16583
0.19480
0.25197
0.42947
172.60
173.29
179.95
186.29
192.29
197.94
203.19
207.99
212.26
215.93
218.90
221.08
222.35
222.60
221.70
219.53
215.94
210.76
203.80
194.82
183.50
169.39
151.36
0
0.065254
0.069389
0.074210
0.077500
2.9626
8.8328
14.913
18.575
2.9691
8.8397
14.921
18.583
0.021248
0.047436
0.069594
0.081247
0.083638
0.086143
0.090180
0.093199
0.11621
0.11902
0.12473
0.12941
45.137
46.843
50.998
55.474
60.316
65.522
47.730
49.643
54.255
59.166
64.436
70.066
0.16988
0.17552
0.18783
0.19939
0.21049
0.22122
0.078579
0.079533
0.085418
0.092823
0.10033
0.10753
0.090892
0.090386
0.094849
0.10175
0.10903
0.11612
220.94
229.44
246.85
262.23
276.40
289.72
2.9486
8.8130
14.885
21.312
28.263
30.714
3.0138
8.8824
14.959
21.392
28.351
30.806
0.021178
0.047357
0.069499
0.089316
0.10788
0.11389
0.083649
0.086152
0.090182
0.095644
0.10213
0.10452
0.11619
0.11896
0.12460
0.13326
0.14605
0.15210
1649.7
1396.0
1162.0
936.35
707.25
627.32
50.387
54.081
59.388
64.832
53.120
57.281
63.156
69.107
0.16747
0.17709
0.18947
0.20081
0.10335
0.10087
0.10402
0.10950
0.13228
0.11921
0.11743
0.12100
212.13
233.76
256.99
275.55
Enthalpy
kJ/mol
Entropy
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Cv
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Cp
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Sound speed
m/s
JouleThomson
K/MPa
Saturated Properties
15.723
15.695
15.416
15.141
14.867
14.593
14.319
14.041
13.760
13.474
13.181
12.880
12.568
12.243
11.904
11.545
11.163
10.753
10.304
9.8043
9.2319
8.5423
7.6072
4.7000
1.5677E-06
1.9207E-06
1.2001E-05
5.5355E-05
0.00020108
0.00060385
0.0015555
0.0035368
0.0072603
0.013699
0.024107
0.040034
0.063362
0.096367
0.14184
0.20329
0.28530
0.39420
0.53918
0.73472
1.0061
1.4051
2.0767
4.7000
−0.43351
−0.43308
−0.42849
−0.42274
−0.41520
−0.40545
−0.39322
−0.37827
−0.36033
−0.33907
−0.31399
−0.28437
−0.24915
−0.20678
−0.15495
−0.090162
−0.0069455
0.10371
0.25760
0.48516
0.85357
1.5474
3.3240
14.310
3845.4
3637.4
2139.7
1312.0
834.10
547.82
370.79
258.27
184.97
136.14
102.93
79.878
63.590
51.884
43.343
37.032
32.325
28.797
26.154
24.184
22.717
21.551
20.240
14.310
Single-Phase Properties
15.325
14.411
13.475
12.903
0.038565
0.035712
0.030709
0.027083
0.024272
0.022008
15.333
14.423
13.491
12.483
11.308
10.852
0.36582
0.31254
0.26538
0.23391
25.930
28.002
32.563
36.923
41.200
45.437
0.065220
0.069336
0.074123
0.080107
0.088431
0.092149
2.7336
3.1996
3.7681
4.2751
1645.6
1391.1
1155.7
1024.0
−0.42678
−0.39768
−0.33922
−0.28685
81.384
58.339
30.192
18.173
12.201
8.8355
−0.42708
−0.39848
−0.34115
−0.24033
−0.042437
0.074613
29.536
20.211
12.984
9.1542
THERMODYnAMIC PROPERTIES
2-193
TABLE 2-109 Thermodynamic Properties of Acetone (Continued )
Temperature
K
Pressure
MPa
Density
mol/dm3
Volume
dm3/mol
Int.
energy
kJ/mol
15.367
14.471
13.560
12.588
11.490
10.123
7.8139
1.7344
0.065073
0.069106
0.073747
0.079439
0.087035
0.098782
0.12798
0.57657
2.8871
8.7271
14.762
21.128
27.958
35.450
44.435
60.563
3.2125
9.0726
15.130
21.525
28.393
35.944
45.075
63.446
15.410
14.528
13.641
12.709
11.683
10.491
8.9733
6.6600
0.064894
0.068831
0.073307
0.078687
0.085592
0.095320
0.11144
0.15015
2.8125
8.6237
14.616
20.916
27.629
34.864
42.815
52.079
Enthalpy
kJ/mol
Entropy
kJ/(mol⋅K)
JouleThomson
K/MPa
Cv
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Cp
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Sound speed
m/s
0.020868
0.047011
0.069085
0.088784
0.10711
0.12488
0.14406
0.17943
0.083704
0.086197
0.090197
0.095584
0.10186
0.10898
0.11961
0.12191
0.11609
0.11871
0.12408
0.13214
0.14320
0.16059
0.23343
0.17820
1667.9
1417.7
1189.0
972.15
759.27
538.79
262.33
205.69
−0.42837
−0.40187
−0.34909
−0.25988
−0.10136
0.26123
2.3418
10.650
3.4614
9.3120
15.349
21.703
28.485
35.818
43.930
53.581
0.020488
0.046589
0.068589
0.088163
0.10626
0.12352
0.14060
0.15896
0.083781
0.086264
0.090234
0.095554
0.10166
0.10827
0.11552
0.12442
0.11598
0.11843
0.12351
0.13100
0.14066
0.15332
0.17314
0.22174
1689.9
1443.6
1220.9
1013.1
815.03
622.74
433.48
255.34
−0.42983
−0.40569
−0.35775
−0.27983
−0.15336
0.080235
0.63674
2.7218
Single-Phase Properties (Cont.)
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
15.320
14.657
14.023
13.409
12.813
12.234
11.674
0.065276
0.068228
0.071312
0.074574
0.078044
0.081739
0.085664
7.2620
12.852
18.631
24.654
30.941
37.489
44.286
13.790
19.675
25.763
32.112
38.745
45.663
52.852
0.040421
0.061873
0.080632
0.097579
0.11320
0.12777
0.14147
0.088285
0.092127
0.097243
0.10299
0.10892
0.11478
0.12045
0.11631
0.11946
0.12424
0.12980
0.13553
0.14112
0.14639
1791.8
1616.6
1466.4
1337.4
1226.9
1133.0
1053.8
−0.43634
−0.42000
−0.39555
−0.36734
−0.33807
−0.30922
−0.28171
450.00
500.00
550.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
15.616
15.306
15.012
0.064037
0.065335
0.066615
27.237
33.413
39.856
59.256
66.081
73.163
0.097266
0.11164
0.12514
0.11562
0.12123
0.12669
0.13393
0.13909
0.14416
2201.1
2129.8
2067.5
−0.39010
−0.37710
−0.36510
The values in this table were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23:
Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg,
Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic properties is Lemmon, E. W., and Span, R., “Short Fundamental Equations of State for 20 Industrial
Fluids,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, 51(3):785–850, 2006. Validated equations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity are not currently available for this fluid.
Properties at the triple point temperature and the critical point temperature are given in the first and last entries of the saturation tables, respectively. In the
single-phase table, when the temperature range for a given isobar includes a vapor-liquid phase boundary, the temperature of phase equilibrium is noted, and properties for both the saturated liquid and saturated vapor are given (with liquid properties given in the upper line). Lines are omitted from the temperature-pressure grid of
the single-phase table, when the system would be in the solid phase or if there are potential problems with the source property surface.
The uncertainties in the equation of state are 0.1% in the saturated liquid density between 280 and 310 K, 0.5% in density in the liquid phase below 380 K, and 1% in
density elsewhere, including all states at pressures above 100 MPa. The uncertainties in vapor pressure are 0.5% above 270 K (0.25% between 290 and 390 K), and the
uncertainties in heat capacities and speeds of sound are 1%. These uncertainties (in caloric properties and sound speeds) may be higher at pressures above the saturation pressure and at temperatures above 320 K in the liquid phase and at supercritical conditions.
2-194
TABLE 2-110
Thermodynamic Properties of Air
Temperature
K
Pressure
MPa
Density
mol/dm3
Volume
dm3/mol
Int. energy
kJ/mol
Enthalpy
kJ/mol
59.75
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
0.005265
0.005546
0.006797
0.008270
0.009994
0.012000
0.014320
0.016988
0.020042
0.023520
0.027461
0.031908
0.036905
0.042498
0.048733
0.055659
0.063326
0.071786
0.081091
0.091294
0.10245
0.11462
0.12785
0.14221
0.15775
0.17453
0.19262
0.21207
0.23295
0.25531
0.27922
0.30475
0.33196
0.36091
0.39166
0.42429
0.45886
0.49543
0.53408
0.57486
0.61786
0.66313
0.71074
0.76077
0.81329
0.86836
0.92606
0.98645
1.0496
1.1156
1.1845
1.2564
1.3314
1.4095
1.4908
1.5753
33.067
33.031
32.888
32.745
32.601
32.457
32.312
32.166
32.020
31.873
31.725
31.576
31.427
31.277
31.126
30.974
30.821
30.668
30.513
30.357
30.200
30.042
29.883
29.722
29.560
29.397
29.232
29.066
28.898
28.729
28.558
28.385
28.210
28.033
27.854
27.673
27.489
27.304
27.115
26.924
26.730
26.533
26.333
26.130
25.923
25.713
25.499
25.281
25.058
24.831
24.598
24.361
24.118
23.868
23.613
23.350
0.030242
0.030275
0.030406
0.030539
0.030674
0.030810
0.030949
0.031089
0.031231
0.031375
0.031521
0.031669
0.031820
0.031972
0.032127
0.032285
0.032445
0.032608
0.032773
0.032941
0.033112
0.033287
0.033464
0.033645
0.033829
0.034017
0.034209
0.034404
0.034604
0.034808
0.035017
0.035230
0.035449
0.035672
0.035901
0.036137
0.036378
0.036625
0.036880
0.037142
0.037411
0.037688
0.037975
0.038270
0.038575
0.038891
0.039217
0.039556
0.039908
0.040273
0.040653
0.041050
0.041464
0.041896
0.042350
0.042826
−1.0619
−1.0481
−0.99308
−0.93803
−0.88298
−0.82792
−0.77286
−0.71777
−0.66267
−0.60755
−0.55239
−0.49720
−0.44196
−0.38669
−0.33135
−0.27597
−0.22051
−0.16499
−0.10939
−0.05371
0.002063
0.057934
0.11391
0.17000
0.22621
0.28255
0.33903
0.39566
0.45245
0.50940
0.56653
0.62386
0.68138
0.73912
0.79709
0.85529
0.91375
0.97248
1.0315
1.0908
1.1505
1.2104
1.2708
1.3315
1.3926
1.4542
1.5162
1.5787
1.6417
1.7053
1.7695
1.8343
1.8997
1.9659
2.0329
2.1007
−1.0617
−1.0480
−0.99287
−0.93778
−0.88267
−0.82755
−0.77241
−0.71725
−0.66205
−0.60681
−0.55152
−0.49619
−0.44079
−0.38533
−0.32979
−0.27417
−0.21846
−0.16265
−0.10673
−0.05070
0.005456
0.061749
0.11819
0.17478
0.23155
0.28849
0.34562
0.40296
0.46051
0.51829
0.57631
0.63459
0.69315
0.75199
0.81115
0.87062
0.93044
0.99063
1.0512
1.1122
1.1736
1.2354
1.2978
1.3606
1.4240
1.4880
1.5525
1.6177
1.6836
1.7502
1.8176
1.8858
1.9549
2.0250
2.0960
2.1682
Entropy
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Cv
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Cp
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Sound
speed
m/s
JouleThomson
K/MPa
Therm.
cond.
mW/(m⋅K)
Viscosity
µPa⋅s
0.034011
0.033955
0.033731
0.033512
0.033298
0.033089
0.032884
0.032683
0.032486
0.032294
0.032105
0.031920
0.031739
0.031562
0.031388
0.031217
0.031050
0.030886
0.030725
0.030568
0.030413
0.030262
0.030113
0.029968
0.029826
0.029686
0.029550
0.029417
0.029286
0.029158
0.029033
0.028911
0.028792
0.028676
0.028563
0.028453
0.028346
0.028241
0.028140
0.028042
0.027948
0.027856
0.027768
0.027684
0.027603
0.027525
0.027452
0.027383
0.027317
0.027256
0.027200
0.027149
0.027103
0.027062
0.027028
0.027000
0.055064
0.055062
0.055060
0.055062
0.055069
0.055081
0.055098
0.055120
0.055148
0.055181
0.055220
0.055266
0.055317
0.055376
0.055441
0.055514
0.055594
0.055682
0.055779
0.055884
0.055998
0.056122
0.056256
0.056400
0.056556
0.056723
0.056902
0.057094
0.057300
0.057521
0.057757
0.058009
0.058278
0.058566
0.058874
0.059202
0.059553
0.059928
0.060329
0.060757
0.061216
0.061707
0.062232
0.062796
0.063401
0.064052
0.064753
0.065508
0.066323
0.067206
0.068163
0.069205
0.070341
0.071585
0.072951
0.074459
1030.3
1028.3
1020.3
1012.2
1004.0
995.77
987.48
979.13
970.72
962.24
953.70
945.10
936.43
927.70
918.90
910.04
901.11
892.11
883.05
873.91
864.71
855.44
846.09
836.67
827.18
817.61
807.96
798.24
788.44
778.56
768.59
758.55
748.42
738.20
727.90
717.51
707.03
696.46
685.80
675.05
664.20
653.26
642.22
631.08
619.84
608.50
597.06
585.51
573.85
562.09
550.21
538.21
526.10
513.86
501.48
488.97
−0.40785
−0.40743
−0.40565
−0.40375
−0.40173
−0.39958
−0.39729
−0.39485
−0.39227
−0.38952
−0.38660
−0.38352
−0.38024
−0.37677
−0.37310
−0.36922
−0.36511
−0.36076
−0.35616
−0.35130
−0.34616
−0.34074
−0.33500
−0.32894
−0.32254
−0.31577
−0.30862
−0.30107
−0.29308
−0.28464
−0.27572
−0.26628
−0.25629
−0.24573
−0.23455
−0.22270
−0.21016
−0.19686
−0.18275
−0.16779
−0.15189
−0.13501
−0.11705
−0.09794
−0.07758
−0.05588
−0.03271
−0.00795
0.018543
0.046927
0.077386
0.11012
0.14538
0.18342
0.22456
0.26917
171.43
171.02
169.40
167.78
166.16
164.53
162.91
161.28
159.65
158.01
156.37
154.73
153.09
151.44
149.79
148.14
146.49
144.83
143.16
141.50
139.83
138.15
136.48
134.80
133.11
131.42
129.78
128.11
126.44
124.76
123.07
121.38
119.69
118.00
116.30
114.61
112.91
111.21
109.51
107.81
106.11
104.41
102.71
101.01
99.316
97.623
95.933
94.247
92.565
90.888
89.216
87.551
85.893
84.242
82.599
80.965
376.64
371.92
353.83
336.91
321.09
306.27
292.39
279.38
267.17
255.71
244.94
234.81
225.28
216.31
207.85
199.88
192.35
185.23
178.51
172.14
166.11
160.39
154.96
149.80
144.90
140.23
135.78
131.54
127.50
123.63
119.93
116.38
112.98
109.72
106.59
103.58
100.68
97.879
95.179
92.571
90.048
87.605
85.236
82.937
80.703
78.529
76.412
74.347
72.331
70.361
68.432
66.542
64.688
62.867
61.075
59.311
Saturated Properties
−0.01536
−0.01513
−0.01422
−0.01333
−0.01245
−0.01158
−0.01073
−0.00989
−0.00906
−0.00824
−0.00744
−0.00664
−0.00586
−0.00508
−0.00432
−0.00357
−0.00282
−0.00209
−0.00136
−0.00064
6.86E-05
0.000772
0.001467
0.002156
0.002838
0.003513
0.004181
0.004844
0.005501
0.006153
0.006799
0.007440
0.008077
0.008708
0.009336
0.009960
0.010579
0.011195
0.011808
0.012418
0.013025
0.013630
0.014232
0.014833
0.015431
0.016029
0.016625
0.017221
0.017816
0.018411
0.019006
0.019602
0.020200
0.020799
0.021400
0.022004
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
132.63
1.6633
1.7546
1.8495
1.9479
2.0499
2.1557
2.2653
2.3787
2.4960
2.6173
2.7427
2.8721
3.0055
3.1431
3.2845
3.4295
3.5770
3.7228
3.7858
59.75
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
0.002432
0.002584
0.003274
0.004111
0.005120
0.006325
0.007756
0.009442
0.011416
0.013713
0.016372
0.019431
0.022933
0.026921
0.031443
0.036547
0.042282
0.048702
0.055859
0.063810
0.072611
0.082321
0.093001
0.10471
0.11751
0.13147
0.14665
0.16312
0.18094
0.20018
0.22091
0.24320
0.26712
0.29273
0.32011
0.34934
0.38047
0.41359
0.44878
0.48609
0.52562
0.56742
0.61159
23.080
22.801
22.514
22.217
21.908
21.588
21.253
20.903
20.534
20.144
19.727
19.278
18.788
18.242
17.616
16.863
15.869
14.198
10.448
0.004907
0.005192
0.006475
0.008005
0.009817
0.011948
0.014438
0.017326
0.020659
0.024481
0.028841
0.033789
0.039379
0.045664
0.052702
0.060550
0.069268
0.078918
0.089564
0.10127
0.11410
0.12813
0.14343
0.16006
0.17811
0.19765
0.21875
0.24150
0.26598
0.29228
0.32048
0.35068
0.38298
0.41747
0.45426
0.49345
0.53517
0.57953
0.62667
0.67671
0.72980
0.78609
0.84575
0.043328
0.043857
0.044417
0.045011
0.045645
0.046323
0.047052
0.047841
0.048700
0.049643
0.050691
0.051871
0.053225
0.054818
0.056765
0.059300
0.063015
0.070432
0.095715
203.80
192.59
154.45
124.93
101.86
83.693
69.263
57.715
48.406
40.849
34.673
29.595
25.394
21.899
18.975
16.515
14.437
12.671
11.165
9.8746
8.7639
7.8043
6.9721
6.2475
5.6145
5.0595
4.5715
4.1408
3.7597
3.4214
3.1203
2.8516
2.6111
2.3954
2.2014
2.0265
1.8686
1.7255
1.5957
1.4777
1.3702
1.2721
1.1824
2.1695
2.2392
2.3100
2.3821
2.4554
2.5303
2.6069
2.6854
2.7662
2.8496
2.9363
3.0269
3.1227
3.2253
3.3379
3.4661
3.6243
3.8680
4.4004
2.2415
2.3161
2.3922
2.4697
2.5490
2.6302
2.7135
2.7992
2.8878
2.9796
3.0753
3.1759
3.2827
3.3976
3.5243
3.6695
3.8497
4.1302
4.7627
0.022611
0.023223
0.023840
0.024462
0.025092
0.025731
0.026380
0.027041
0.027717
0.028412
0.029131
0.029880
0.030668
0.031512
0.032436
0.033492
0.034804
0.036863
0.041603
0.026979
0.026965
0.026961
0.026966
0.026982
0.027010
0.027053
0.027113
0.027194
0.027300
0.027438
0.027618
0.027855
0.028171
0.028607
0.029242
0.030266
0.032343
0.076131
0.077996
0.080090
0.082459
0.085163
0.088280
0.091919
0.096227
0.10142
0.10781
0.11589
0.12645
0.14089
0.16186
0.19519
0.25624
0.40151
1.0148
476.31
463.48
450.49
437.29
423.88
410.23
396.30
382.04
367.40
352.31
336.67
320.36
303.21
285.00
265.37
243.75
219.07
189.12
0
4.8774
4.8825
4.9025
4.9225
4.9424
4.9621
4.9817
5.0012
5.0205
5.0397
5.0587
5.0774
5.0960
5.1144
5.1326
5.1505
5.1682
5.1856
5.2028
5.2196
5.2362
5.2525
5.2684
5.2841
5.2994
5.3143
5.3289
5.3431
5.3569
5.3703
5.3832
5.3958
5.4079
5.4195
5.4307
5.4413
5.4514
5.4610
5.4701
5.4785
5.4864
5.4936
5.5002
5.3730
5.3800
5.4081
5.4361
5.4639
5.4915
5.5189
5.5461
5.5731
5.5998
5.6263
5.6525
5.6784
5.7040
5.7292
5.7541
5.7786
5.8027
5.8264
5.8497
5.8726
5.8949
5.9169
5.9383
5.9591
5.9795
5.9993
6.0185
6.0372
6.0552
6.0726
6.0893
6.1054
6.1207
6.1354
6.1492
6.1624
6.1747
6.1862
6.1968
6.2066
6.2154
6.2233
0.096708
0.096323
0.094825
0.093392
0.092020
0.090705
0.089445
0.088235
0.087074
0.085959
0.084887
0.083855
0.082862
0.081906
0.080983
0.080094
0.079235
0.078406
0.077604
0.076828
0.076076
0.075348
0.074643
0.073957
0.073292
0.072645
0.072016
0.071403
0.070806
0.070224
0.069655
0.069099
0.068556
0.068024
0.067503
0.066991
0.066489
0.065995
0.065510
0.065031
0.064560
0.064094
0.063633
0.020805
0.020809
0.020825
0.020843
0.020864
0.020886
0.020911
0.020938
0.020968
0.021000
0.021035
0.021072
0.021113
0.021156
0.021201
0.021250
0.021302
0.021356
0.021414
0.021474
0.021538
0.021605
0.021674
0.021747
0.021822
0.021901
0.021983
0.022068
0.022155
0.022246
0.022340
0.022436
0.022536
0.022638
0.022744
0.022852
0.022964
0.023078
0.023196
0.023317
0.023441
0.023568
0.023698
0.029217
0.029225
0.029261
0.029302
0.029348
0.029399
0.029455
0.029518
0.029587
0.029663
0.029746
0.029836
0.029934
0.030040
0.030155
0.030278
0.030410
0.030552
0.030703
0.030865
0.031037
0.031220
0.031415
0.031621
0.031840
0.032072
0.032317
0.032577
0.032851
0.033141
0.033447
0.033770
0.034111
0.034472
0.034853
0.035256
0.035681
0.036132
0.036610
0.037116
0.037654
0.038225
0.038834
154.83
155.14
156.38
157.60
158.81
159.99
161.16
162.30
163.42
164.53
165.60
166.66
167.69
168.70
169.69
170.65
171.58
172.49
173.37
174.23
175.05
175.85
176.62
177.36
178.07
178.75
179.40
180.02
180.61
181.17
181.69
182.19
182.65
183.08
183.47
183.84
184.17
184.46
184.72
184.95
185.14
185.30
185.42
0.31767
0.37057
0.42848
0.49214
0.56243
0.64047
0.72765
0.82574
0.93703
1.0646
1.2125
1.3865
1.5951
1.8510
2.1752
2.6058
3.2246
4.2808
6.3978
58.283
57.634
55.151
52.832
50.666
48.640
46.742
44.963
43.293
41.724
40.248
38.858
37.548
36.313
35.146
34.043
32.999
32.010
31.072
30.183
29.337
28.534
27.769
27.041
26.346
25.684
25.051
24.447
23.869
23.316
22.786
22.278
21.791
21.324
20.876
20.445
20.031
19.632
19.249
18.879
18.523
18.180
17.848
79.340
77.724
76.119
74.523
72.938
71.363
69.798
68.243
66.700
65.170
63.658
62.176
60.751
59.445
58.409
58.054
59.591
67.802
57.571
55.852
54.152
52.467
50.794
49.130
47.469
45.809
44.141
42.460
40.755
39.013
37.215
35.332
33.316
31.072
28.384
24.467
5.2938
5.3199
5.4244
5.5291
5.6340
5.7391
5.8444
5.9500
6.0559
6.1621
6.2688
6.3759
6.4835
6.5917
6.7005
6.8099
6.9202
7.0312
7.1431
7.2560
7.3700
7.4851
7.6014
7.7192
7.8384
7.9591
8.0817
8.2060
8.3324
8.4610
8.5919
8.7254
8.8616
9.0008
9.1433
9.2893
9.4390
9.5929
9.7513
9.9145
10.083
10.257
10.438
4.2197
4.2382
4.3119
4.3855
4.4590
4.5324
4.6057
4.6788
4.7519
4.8248
4.8976
4.9703
5.0429
5.1154
5.1878
5.2602
5.3325
5.4048
5.4771
5.5494
5.6217
5.6940
5.7664
5.8389
5.9116
5.9844
6.0574
6.1307
6.2043
6.2781
6.3524
6.4272
6.5024
6.5782
6.6547
6.7318
6.8098
6.8887
6.9686
7.0495
7.1317
7.2153
7.3003
2-195
(Continued)
2-196
TABLE 2-110 Thermodynamic Properties of Air (Continued )
Temperature
K
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
132.63
Pressure
MPa
Density
mol/dm3
0.65820
0.70732
0.75903
0.81341
0.87055
0.93052
0.9934
1.0593
1.1282
1.2004
1.2757
1.3545
1.4366
1.5223
1.6115
1.7045
1.8013
1.9020
2.0067
2.1156
2.2287
2.3462
2.4682
2.5949
2.7266
2.8633
3.0055
3.1536
3.3084
3.4712
3.6462
3.7858
0.90895
0.97587
1.0467
1.1217
1.2011
1.2852
1.3742
1.4684
1.5682
1.6740
1.7862
1.9053
2.0318
2.1664
2.3097
2.4625
2.6259
2.8009
2.9889
3.1913
3.4103
3.6481
3.9078
4.1934
4.5101
4.8653
5.2697
5.7405
6.3074
7.0343
8.1273
10.448
Volume
dm3/mol
1.1002
1.0247
0.95535
0.89147
0.83254
0.77810
0.72772
0.68102
0.63767
0.59737
0.55985
0.52486
0.49217
0.46160
0.43296
0.40608
0.38082
0.35702
0.33457
0.31335
0.29323
0.27412
0.25590
0.23847
0.22173
0.20554
0.18976
0.17420
0.15854
0.14216
0.12304
0.095715
Sound
speed
m/s
JouleThomson
K/MPa
Therm.
cond.
mW/(m⋅K)
Viscosity
mPa⋅s
0.039483
0.040176
0.040918
0.041714
0.042570
0.043492
0.044490
0.045573
0.046751
0.048038
0.049450
0.051005
0.052727
0.054644
0.056790
0.059209
0.061956
0.065102
0.068738
0.072988
0.078015
0.084052
0.091426
0.10063
0.11241
0.12801
0.14959
0.18134
0.23261
0.32992
0.59804
185.51
185.55
185.57
185.54
185.48
185.38
185.24
185.07
184.85
184.60
184.30
183.97
183.59
183.17
182.71
182.21
181.66
181.08
180.45
179.78
179.06
178.31
177.51
176.68
175.81
174.91
173.96
172.98
171.93
170.79
169.40
0
17.528
17.218
16.918
16.628
16.346
16.072
15.805
15.546
15.292
15.044
14.800
14.561
14.324
14.090
13.856
13.623
13.388
13.151
12.909
12.661
12.405
12.137
11.854
11.553
11.229
10.874
10.480
10.033
9.5119
8.8740
7.9854
6.3978
10.626
10.821
11.024
11.237
11.459
11.693
11.939
12.198
12.473
12.764
13.074
13.406
13.762
14.145
14.559
15.008
15.499
16.039
16.635
17.298
18.042
18.884
19.849
20.968
22.288
23.877
25.841
28.367
31.807
37.001
46.996
7.3870
7.4755
7.5659
7.6586
7.7537
7.8514
7.9521
8.0560
8.1634
8.2749
8.3907
8.5114
8.6375
8.7696
8.9086
9.0552
9.2104
9.3755
9.5518
9.7412
9.9456
10.168
10.411
10.681
10.982
11.324
11.720
12.191
12.775
13.553
14.798
0.021087
0.020796
0.021504
0.022817
0.024150
0.025246
0.026091
0.026734
0.027229
0.027619
0.030116
0.029149
0.029830
0.031137
0.032467
0.033562
0.034406
0.035049
0.035544
0.035934
198.24
347.36
446.40
523.89
589.60
648.15
701.76
751.59
798.38
842.62
17.423
2.2510
0.50305
−0.12430
−0.41124
−0.56194
−0.64963
−0.70457
−0.74078
−0.76547
9.4692
26.384
39.944
51.755
62.543
72.680
82.381
91.781
100.97
110.01
7.1068
18.537
27.090
34.176
40.394
46.051
51.325
56.325
61.127
65.783
0.013532
0.017351
0.027868
0.027368
0.061355
0.065680
658.25
582.97
−0.14308
−0.00232
104.97
93.879
88.326
73.903
6.2479
12.289
18.218
24.326
30.698
37.311
44.114
51.065
58.128
65.278
0.060461
0.093372
0.10851
0.11877
0.12677
0.13340
0.13908
0.14405
0.14847
0.15245
0.024739
0.020859
0.021526
0.022830
0.024159
0.025253
0.026096
0.026738
0.027233
0.027622
0.044597
0.029563
0.029954
0.031194
0.032498
0.033582
0.034419
0.035057
0.035550
0.035939
185.23
348.45
448.46
525.96
591.54
649.96
703.44
753.17
799.86
844.02
15.779
2.1789
0.47425
−0.13809
−0.41899
−0.56686
−0.65304
−0.70711
−0.74278
−0.76711
11.965
26.684
40.110
51.868
62.628
72.748
82.438
91.830
101.01
110.05
7.9625
18.672
27.179
34.242
40.446
46.094
51.361
56.357
61.155
65.808
1.2820
12.042
0.012483
0.079244
0.028034
0.021131
0.058181
0.031423
710.56
355.63
−0.21837
1.8817
111.13
28.389
96.436
19.420
Int. energy
kJ/mol
Enthalpy
kJ/mol
Entropy
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Cv
kJ/(mol⋅K)
Cp
kJ/(mol⋅K)
5.5060
5.5112
5.5156
5.5193
5.5221
5.5240
5.5250
5.5251
5.5241
5.5221
5.5188
5.5143
5.5085
5.5012
5.4924
5.4819
5.4695
5.4550
5.4383
5.4190
5.3969
5.3715
5.3424
5.3089
5.2701
5.2248
5.1713
5.1069
5.0268
4.9209
4.7566
4.4004
6.2302
6.2360
6.2408
6.2444
6.2469
6.2481
6.2480
6.2465
6.2436
6.2391
6.2330
6.2252
6.2156
6.2039
6.1901
6.1740
6.1554
6.1341
6.1097
6.0819
6.0504
6.0147
5.9740
5.9277
5.8746
5.8133
5.7417
5.6563
5.5513
5.4143
5.2053
4.7627
0.063177
0.062726
0.062277
0.061832
0.061389
0.060947
0.060506
0.060065
0.059623
0.059180
0.058735
0.058286
0.057833
0.057375
0.056910
0.056437
0.055955
0.055461
0.054954
0.054432
0.053890
0.053326
0.052735
0.052112
0.051448
0.050732
0.049950
0.049076
0.048067
0.046830
0.045064
0.041603
0.023833
0.023970
0.024112
0.024258
0.024408
0.024563
0.024722
0.024887
0.025058
0.025234
0.025418
0.025608
0.025807
0.026015
0.026232
0.026461
0.026701
0.026956
0.027226
0.027514
0.027823
0.028155
0.028516
0.028910
0.029344
0.029827
0.030371
0.030994
0.031726
0.032619
0.033814
5.6800
9.8544
14.072
18.500
23.201
28.145
33.282
38.568
43.966
49.453
6.4941
12.348
18.231
24.323
30.686
37.293
44.094
51.042
58.104
65.253
0.080463
0.11269
0.12770
0.13794
0.14593
0.15255
0.15823
0.16320
0.16762
0.17160
1.2007
1.5924
1.2383
1.6321
5.5251
9.8022
14.046
18.485
23.190
28.138
33.278
38.565
43.964
49.451
1.0983
9.5710
Single-Phase Properties
100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
100
106.22
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1
1
108.1
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
100
300
5
5
0.12283
0.040103
0.024046
0.017175
0.013359
0.010931
0.009249
0.008016
0.007073
0.006329
26.593
25.232
1.3836
0.40205
0.23974
0.17119
0.13319
0.10902
0.092279
0.079999
0.070604
0.063185
27.222
2.0232
8.1414
24.936
41.586
58.223
74.855
91.486
108.12
124.75
141.38
158.00
0.037604
0.039632
0.72278
2.4873
4.1711
5.8415
7.5079
9.1727
10.837
12.500
14.163
15.827
0.036735
0.49426
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1.1814
0.84321
0.65711
0.53874
0.45667
0.39636
0.35015
0.31361
0.84642
1.1859
1.5218
1.8562
2.1898
2.5229
2.8559
3.1887
13.935
18.417
23.146
28.107
33.256
38.550
43.954
49.445
18.167
24.347
30.755
37.388
44.205
51.165
58.234
65.389
0.094907
0.10529
0.11334
0.11999
0.12568
0.13066
0.13509
0.13907
0.021621
0.022885
0.024197
0.025282
0.026119
0.026757
0.027249
0.027636
0.030478
0.031434
0.032632
0.033664
0.034473
0.035095
0.035577
0.035958
458.30
535.45
600.34
658.10
711.01
760.23
806.49
850.28
0.36370
−0.19118
−0.44905
−0.58606
−0.66646
−0.71716
−0.75073
−0.77366
40.969
52.433
63.045
73.076
82.707
92.057
101.21
110.22
27.606
34.545
40.682
46.287
51.523
56.497
61.278
65.917
100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
27.863
4.0370
2.3157
1.6542
1.2922
1.0618
0.90165
0.78374
0.69321
0.62149
0.035889
0.24771
0.43183
0.60452
0.77388
0.94184
1.1091
1.2759
1.4426
1.6090
0.99444
9.2885
13.802
18.336
23.092
28.070
33.231
38.532
43.943
49.438
1.3533
11.766
18.120
24.382
30.831
37.489
44.321
51.292
58.368
65.528
0.011382
0.072612
0.088894
0.099422
0.10752
0.11420
0.11990
0.12489
0.12932
0.13330
0.028284
0.021441
0.021733
0.022952
0.024243
0.025317
0.026146
0.026780
0.027268
0.027653
0.055716
0.033664
0.031078
0.031710
0.032786
0.033760
0.034537
0.035139
0.035608
0.035981
763.47
369.50
471.81
547.83
611.64
668.47
720.60
769.17
814.87
858.18
−0.27969
1.5212
0.25100
−0.24405
−0.47890
−0.60517
−0.67990
−0.72730
−0.75881
−0.78039
117.77
31.116
42.260
53.257
63.641
73.538
83.082
92.372
101.48
110.45
105.78
20.637
28.194
34.944
40.985
46.531
51.728
56.673
61.432
66.054
100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
33.161
21.138
15.089
11.803
9.7481
8.3307
7.2877
6.4847
5.8456
5.3239
0.030156
0.047309
0.066273
0.084722
0.10258
0.12004
0.13722
0.15421
0.17107
0.18783
0.24746
7.0356
12.371
17.367
22.408
27.580
32.880
38.287
43.779
49.340
3.2631
11.767
18.999
25.840
32.667
39.584
46.602
53.708
60.886
68.123
0.001378
0.049067
0.067619
0.079134
0.087711
0.09465
0.10051
0.10559
0.11009
0.11411
0.031980
0.023981
0.023117
0.023855
0.024903
0.025831
0.026565
0.027131
0.027569
0.027915
0.048218
0.038366
0.034686
0.034011
0.034331
0.034845
0.035323
0.035723
0.036049
0.036317
1192.4
818.47
772.41
790.14
821.78
857.40
894.00
930.40
966.13
1001.0
−0.47290
−0.49747
−0.55640
−0.62591
−0.67702
−0.71435
−0.74281
−0.76506
−0.78264
−0.79653
179.20
86.312
71.549
73.572
79.057
85.797
93.151
100.84
108.75
116.78
252.46
53.642
42.159
43.339
46.948
51.158
55.511
59.875
64.208
68.504
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
34.106
29.826
26.714
24.283
22.305
20.651
19.243
18.027
16.963
0.029320
0.033528
0.037433
0.041180
0.044833
0.048423
0.051966
0.055473
0.058952
6.2145
11.583
16.768
22.008
27.358
32.814
38.354
43.961
49.623
20.875
28.348
35.484
42.598
49.775
57.025
64.337
71.698
79.098
0.033155
0.052311
0.064323
0.073261
0.080460
0.086515
0.091746
0.096353
0.10047
0.028875
0.026614
0.026496
0.026991
0.027539
0.028000
0.02836
0.02864
0.02886
0.039265
0.036111
0.035494
0.035702
0.036073
0.036415
0.036693
0.036911
0.037085
1678.8
1573.6
1514.8
1482.8
1468.3
1465.1
1469.3
1478.5
1491.1
−0.57656
−0.65015
−0.67879
−0.68796
−0.69130
−0.69354
−0.69594
−0.69875
−0.70188
208.23
178.50
161.67
151.95
146.88
144.95
145.84
148.48
152.39
181.12
120.62
97.470
86.531
81.387
79.411
79.312
80.393
82.251
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
40.130
36.567
33.895
31.736
29.916
28.338
26.946
25.701
24.577
0.024919
0.027347
0.029503
0.031510
0.033427
0.035288
0.037111
0.038909
0.040688
6.8286
12.271
17.554
22.890
28.327
33.857
39.461
45.123
50.830
31.747
39.618
47.057
54.399
61.754
69.145
76.573
84.032
91.519
0.024761
0.044944
0.057468
0.066695
0.074073
0.080246
0.085561
0.090229
0.094392
0.032271
0.029334
0.028754
0.028917
0.029215
0.029476
0.029675
0.029821
0.029928
0.041510
0.037843
0.036801
0.036702
0.036858
0.037051
0.037224
0.037369
0.037491
2208.5
2104.7
2033.9
1984.7
1951.3
1929.3
1915.7
1908.3
1905.8
−0.50493
−0.57316
−0.60504
−0.61882
−0.62560
−0.62968
−0.63251
−0.63465
−0.63632
274.96
247.30
230.60
219.72
212.46
207.70
204.81
203.41
203.25
337.76
219.41
174.51
149.43
133.76
123.58
116.94
112.74
110.27
This table was generated for a standard three-component dry air containing mole fractions 0.7812 nitrogen, 0.2096 oxygen, and 0.0092 argon. The values in this table were generated from the NIST REFPROP software
(Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic properties is Lemmon, E. W., Jacobsen, R. T, Penoncello, S. G., and Friend, D. G., “Thermodynamic
Properties of Air and Mixtures of Nitrogen, Argon, and Oxygen from 60 to 2000 K at Pressures to 2000 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 29(3):331–385, 2000. The source for viscosity and thermal conductivity is Lemmon,
E. W., and Jacobsen, R. T., “Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Equations for Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, and Air,” Int. J. Thermophys. 25:21–69, 2004.
Properties at the freezing point temperature and the critical point temperature are given in the first and last entries of the saturation tables, respectively. In the single-phase table, when the temperature range for a
given isobar includes a vapor-liquid phase boundary, the temperature of phase equilibrium is noted, and properties for both the saturated liquid and saturated vapor are given (with liquid properties given in the upper
line). Lines are omitted from the temperature-pressure grid of the single-phase table, when the system would be in the solid phase or if there are potential problems with the source property surface.
In the range from the solidification point to 873 K at pressures to 70 MPa, the estimated uncertainty of density values calculated with the equation of state is 0.1%. The estimated uncertainty of calculated speed of
sound values is 0.2% and that for calculated heat capacities is 1%. At temperatures above 873 K and 70 MPa, the estimated uncertainty of calculated density values is 0.5%, increasing to 1.0% at 2000 K and 2000 MPa.
For viscosity, the uncertainty is 1% in the dilute gas. The uncertainty is around 2% between 270 and 300 K and increases to 5% outside of this region. There are very few measurements between 130 and 270 K for air to
validate this claim, and the uncertainties may be even higher in this supercritical region. For thermal conductivity, the uncertainty for the dilute gas is 2% with increasing uncertainties near the triple points. The
uncertainties range from 3% between 140 and 300 K to 5% at the triple point and at high temperatures. The uncertainties above 100 MPa are not known due to a lack of experimental data.
2-197
2-198
FIG. 2-3
Pressure-enthalpy diagram for dry air. Properties computed with the NIST REFPROP Database, Version 7.0 (Lemmon, E. W., M. O. McL