OVERVIEW OF
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY: LARAIB UMAIRA SAEED
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTERS

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data (as
input), performs operations (as processing) on data at
high speed and produces the result (as Output).
Input
Processing
Output
DIGITAL COMPUTER

A digital Computer is a machine that solve problems for
people by carrying out instructions given to it.

A digital computer consist of:

Processors

Memories

Input devices

Output devices
Input
devices
Central
Processing Unit
Backing Store
Output
devices
COMPUTING DEVICES

All machines, components or devices that contain
embedded, specialized computer are called computing
devices.
BASIC OPERATION OF
COMPUTING

Any computer system, regardless of its size, is capable
of performing the following basic operation.
INPUT
PROCESSING
STORAGE
OUTPUT
CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL
COMPUTER
Classification of digital computers
Super
Computer
Mainframe
Computer
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
DO YOU KNOW?

The first electro-mechanical binary programmable
computer and the first functional modern computer was
developed in 1939.

Its name was Z1.

It was created by German Konrad Zuse in his parents'
living room.
SUPER COMPUTER

Supercomputer are the largest the most expensive and
powerful computers

They are used to process:

Complex calculations

Designing

Nuclear research

Weather forecasting

Controlling of complicated machines such as rockets and
fighter planes.

In Pakistan supercomputer are used in many
organizations, like Atomic Energy Research Centre
Examples…

The best known supercomputers are built by Cray Inc.
an American supercomputers manufacturers and IBM.
MAINFRAME COMPUTER

Mainframe Computers are usually slower, less powerful
and less expensive than supercomputers.

Mainframes are used by banks, large corporations,
universities and scientific laboratories.

Large computers both in terms of physical size as well as
computations.

They support huge numbers of users and peripheral
devices.

Basically used to store and process huge amount of data.

It can execute about trillion of instructions per second
(TIPS).
Examples…

Some examples are IBM’s zEnterprize Ec12, HP 16500
series.
Minicomputer

They are larger, more expensive than microcomputers.

But smaller, less expensive than mainframe and
supercomputer.

They can support hundreds of user at time.

They execute billions of instructions per second (BIPS).

They used in industrial process control, scientific
research and small business application.

They are expensive of microcomputer.

Modern microcomputers are replacing the more
expensive minicomputer.
Examples…

Examples of minicomputer are IBM System/36 DEC PDP,
VAX Series, HP 3000 etc.
Microcomputer

Microcomputer is smallest and least expensive
computer.

It is small in size.

It execute millions of instruction per second (MIPS).

It is also called PC Personal Computer.

It consists of a Keyboard, a Mouse, a Monitor and System
Unit

Microcomputers are used in home and business
applications
Examples…

Examples of persona computer are IBM ThinkPad,
Toshiba Satellite series, Dell XPS, HP Envy series and
Apple series.
MODERN USE OF COMPUTERS
IN TODAY’S LIFE
Mobile Computing

It refers to a variety of small portable devices.

It allows people to access data and information from
anywhere in a wireless network system.

It run on batteries and have limited functionality.
Internet of Things (IOT)

The Internet of things describes physical objects with
sensors, processing ability, software and other
technologies that connect and exchange data with other
devices and systems over the Internet or other
communications networks.

These devices are also known as ‘Smart Devices”.

“Smart Home” is a popular application of IoT:
Smart Home
What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is internet based-computing, whereby
shared resources, software and information are
provided to computers and other devices on demand
through the internet.

It does not matter where the hardware and software is
located.
Advantages…
Backup and
Restore data
Low maintenance
cost
Accessibility
Disadvantages…
Required high
speed internet
Limited
Features
Security
Concern
Companies offer Cloud
Computing Services
Data Centers

Data center is a centralized location for collecting,
storing, processing and distribution of vast amount of
data.

It consist of servers routers, switches and backup
equipment

It requires air conditioning, fire suppression, smoke
detection and security entry.

It may be housed in a room, an entire building or a
group of buildings.
How many data centers in Pakistan?
Requirement of Data center

Organizations use large amount of data and thus have
requirement of data center are as follows:

Government agencies

Banks

Educational institution

Telecommunication companies

Social networking services
Computer Hardware and
Software
Hardware

All physical components of computer system, such as
monitor, keyboard, hard disk, printer are known as
computer hardware.

Computer hardware what you can physically touch and
see.

All tangible parts of computer system are referred as
hardware.
Software

Software is any set of instructions also called program
which are given to the computer to perform any task
and activity.

It tells the computer what to do and how to do.

Programming languages are used to prepare software.

A computer can not do anything on its own.
Examples:

Word-processing Software

Spreadsheet Software

Database Management Software
TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPUTER HARDWARE

Computer hardware is consists of input devices, output
devices, memory devices, processing devices,
communication devices and electronic circuitry that
links these devices for communication between them.
Computer
Hardware
Input
devices
Output
devices
Input devices