Scalar Quantities Quantities Example : that mass have time . , magnitude only temperature current , voltage energy , distance Vector Quantities Quantities that Example work , A numerical is for representation of scalar quantity a , . speed , value enough , power , → magnitude and direction velocity displacement acceleration force CLASSMATE Physics by Kashan Rashid of force gravitational field strength moment : both have , , , , , YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE A vector I , quantity numeral 4N ii due represented by is value East ± direction + 4N OR 40° North at Arrow > of ^ ? Ñ Y the length > E { scale vector tells : - 1cm +4N I in the direction points head > of OR East the = quantity IN value } force ) of quantity sign 101000N ( i. g. { " W scale " : -4N convention sv ) I due East 1cm - 2000N } 5cm > < > + I E > 10,000N Study of → motion without - reference of force ! the acceleration distance speed displacement velocity time • Distance ;É Displacement B . " " " 2. Scalar points quantity Distance B is " two between 5m "" " ath GAY M two A and SAB . ( origin ) 8am ÷ •i4m 5m . E stop " " • . SAB -_ - 4m A Displacement 10m 6M 013 16m If object returns to starting point its total displacement 0C 20m OD 28m 0-8 OE 33m -8+5 B :* < • , is zero ! " " A Physics of by Kashan Rashid 0A C > or East t• > ' 4m - µ Distance your . = µµweÉ . quantity YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE 0 . B is 4m North CLASSMATE beliveau start • points Vector 2. between " " M" +10m +10-6 = +4m +4-4=0 = = -8m -3m + - < > • sign of displ tells the location origin . from Speed Rate of distance 1. Velocity change of 1 of change of Rate . Average OR Distance Displacement travelled per unit unit time . ✓ = d→ distance I 3. SI Unit z ✓ . s → I mfs : 1ms -11 displacement CLASSMATE SI m/s Unit YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE : 3 . 20s • End - ' ) . Scalar A car quantity A car 4ms . > < . moving is 4mA at Vector 4 4m15 4m15 > < quantity is due displacement total time [ . 200+300+500 10+20+20 moving East total Physics by Kashan £0s Rashid avg speed 4. time - • 1ms total ¥74300m time = = distance •B per start z total = Average velocity displacement 012 Speed at = 1000 20 = m/s 50 . +4ms avg.ve/ocity--0--Om1s 50 -44s When point journey , starts avg.ve/ociiy-- and ends at the 0 because tot . same displ -0 - . Acceleration • Rate ✓ of change of velocity OR in Change Formula • with velocity a : = respect to Av V a- > & DI v= v=DS_ u: initial u : quantity " - - • VI -1=15 Guys so 6¥ a- - t a- 4mA change MI5 → ' u=2m1s = SI Unit : " = ✓ a- in direction → Vector ✓ Changi change in magnitude Physics by Kashan Rashid of velocity speeds up velocity YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE • t Acceleration t time taken CLASSMATE Dt Dt change acceleration final velocity v. change velocity u - change I i , t Bt → ÷?⃝÷ 7 - Dldelta ) time Direction 4m15 every second ✓ - ✓ - = 5m15 Tonys - " , , gimp convention r , / u -10m s - - a- V1 so - Dt -0.1s t=ls - sign a- - 5-10 t (slowdown) sign at ' ' v ' - Slows down a=V-u_ - - a- t 1 a- so 5m15 < 8-1110 ) 0.1 a= deceleration retardation iiimp 180m15 Graphs of kinematics Distance - dlm - time Speed ✓ graphs , " m=D_y=?d_ DX vIm5 time - graphs ' , speed m=D1=Dv_ Dx At " + ' " ' A - - - + iii. A tgb×h d) 1- It CLASSMATE i > ✗ = YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE 2 tls x-axis y-axis physical time no : distance quantity speed : Area under I Physics by Kashan Rashid graph meaningless y-axis speed : acceleration : graph Curves A > m=O time : gradient lines 1 constant Gradient ) m=t distance tls Area under : Dt Lztxv ↳ > x-axis : distance ( Changing Gradient ) m -00 ,m= - m= + inc s . m= . Izbxh = I : gradient - = All " = = = - Inc m=+dec > . m= - dec . Distance - time graphs " 41m 41m " 41m " B A d- ° - Object Lat O tls CLASSMATE - at the grad -_ rest origin ) speed __ YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE 2. 0 rest Object at grad speed lahead __ O s 0 0 0 1. power of tls Physics by Kashan Rashid 3. origin ) -_ 0 Object at speed grad speed - - VA MA < L V13 MB tls constant -_ constant " ^ 41m ^ 41m Distance never decreases even body moves towards the Hence always O O tls ( grad An its increasing speed = object travels increasing - stark . from towards Slows turns to A back down B A any grad speed - - rest at A. with and towards A. It pith its YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE - speed object momentarily stops . tls ( decreasing CLASSMATE speed ) dlm speed ) by Kashan Rashid Physics decreasing ^ . at the B. travels speed A 't increasing then inyeasi.gg = rest slow down It then back speed .¥ , " seek . • At rest or origin d- t graph . " Object decelerating 5. away moves - 0 Object accelerating 4. It O - a the if > tls up . CLASSMATE YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE Physics by Kashan Rashid speed - Graph time " Ims ✓ " Yms " Yms ^ ^ ^ A volt " at Not 0 > 0 1. Object grad - - at rest CLASSMATE all - - 0 YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE Object at 4s Physics by Kashan Rashid 0 constant speed grad > > 0 2. less ° 0 tls B -_acc=0 3. Object at 4s constant acceleration grad Onys → + 2 =acc=0 2mfs→4m1s→6m/s +2 +2 " Yms ^ v " Yms " Yms ^ ^ - ? % § . & . . B A 0 ° ° > 0 4. 4s Object at grad 10ms → -2 -_acc= 8m15 → -2 0 4s 5. Object YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE - - 0 increasing 4s decreasing acceleration acceleration CLASSMATE Physics by Kashan Rashid constant grad acc decreasing grad ace increasing constant deceleration > > - at 6. - Object __ - at . . 6mfs→4mp -2 omfs-il.in/s-3m1s-6m/s-1Om/sOm1s-5mfs-s9m/s-sl2m/s +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +4 +3 " " Ims ✓ Yms ^ ^ grad . inc → . grad dec 0 → horizontal . ° > 0 7. vertical > 0 4s Object at 15ms - → 1 -_ acc 14m/ s → -2 : Object decreasing at deceleration CLASSMATE deceleration grad 8. increasing 4s - hemp YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE grad increasing → -3 9ms → -4 5m15 15m15 → -5 : all 10m15 - - → -4 - Physics by Kashan Rashid decreasing 6m15 → -3 3m/s → -2 1- m/s increasing i. 2. 4 3 4 " 6 1 grad constant speed constant acceleration deceleration 3. 5 constant . 5 . decreasing deceleration constant deceleration 6. = acceleration acceleration CLASSMATE YOUR PARTNER FOR PURSUING EXCELLENCE Physics by Kashan Rashid