School Name: Queen’s College Skill D: Planning, Carrying Out, and Evaluating Investigations Title: Investigating the Factors of Biological Washing Powders & Non-Biological Washing Powders Question: Do biological washing powders or non-biological washing powders remove stains efficiently? Aim: To determine which washing powder is best at removing stains. Hypothesis: The biological washing powder would remove the stains faster than the non-biological washing powder. Apparatus: 1. Non-Biological washing powder 2. Biological washing powder 3. stained cloth 4. beaker 5. teaspoon 6. spatula Independent Variable: 1. Type of powder Dependent Variable: 1. Time for stain removal 2. amount or size of the stain 3. type of stain 4. cloth material used with the stain Procedure: 1. Cut a white cloth into two small pieces. 2. Apply mustard and ketchup to the small pieces of the fabric. 3. Wait 5 minutes for the stain to set. 4. Label one of the fabric bio, and one non-bio. 5. place one stained fabric in a beaker. 6. In the beaker with the fabric named “bio” pour 11.8 grams of biological fabric in the beaker. 7. In the beaker with the fabric names “non-bio” pour 11.8 grams of non-biological fabric in the beaker. 8. Pour 150 mL of water into the beakers. 9. Stir it around the fabric with a spatula for 5 minutes. 10. Take the cloth/shirt out. 11. Let it dry in the sun for 5 minutes. 12. Observe the cloth and the stain. Diagram: Discussion: Both the biological and non-biological washing powders produced froth and bubbles when combined with the fabric and water. noticed that the fabrics were a little clean with some stains after taking them out of the beakers and letting them air dry. However, the colors of the fabrics were similar. The comparison between the cloth mixed with non-biological powder and the cloth mixed with biological powder is shown in the image below. Proteases and lipases (activated by water) are added to detergents to act on substances that may have caused stains. The stains are lifted by the enzymatic action and washed away in the water. The biological detergent was most effective in removing the food stain. The food stain was most easily removed with the biological detergent. Based on the stain, which was created by mixing mustard and ketchup, the detergents are effective in removing proteins and carbs from stains. The frequent mixing of the spatula in the beaker can be used to explain the reaction's rapidity. The blending is meant to replicate washing clothes in a washing machine. Non- Biological Biological Cloth Sources of Error: In this investigation, there was one potential source of experimental error that occurred. The temperature of the water was not at standard room temperature. The water was cold, and because it was above the optimum temperature for enzymes to work at, the rate of the reaction decreased. Suitable Improvements: To prevent this source of error, a relevant change can be made. Utilize water that is at room temperature or take a water temperature reading, making sure it is between 37 and 40 degrees. Conclusion: In conclusion, both biological and non-biological powders remove stains effectively. However, the biological powder removes stains faster than the non-biological powder.
