Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
SPM2004-01
(a)
Pemerhatian/ Observations
1. Wasap putih terbebas/
white fume released
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Inferences/ Inferences
Magnesium oksida terbentuk/ MgO formed
2. Jisim kandungan mangkuk pijar
bertambah/ mass increases
Magnesium berpadu / bertindak balas
dengan oksigen / Magnesium react with
oxygen
3. Pepejal/ serbuk putih terbentuk / white
solid produce/ formed
Magnesium teroksida/ dioksidakan
Magnesium oxidized
4. Nyalaan putih/ terang/ berkilau //
burn brightly
(b) Jisim mangkuk pijar dan penutup
Jisim mangkuk pijar, penutup dan magnesium
The mass of crucible, lid and magnesium oxide when cooled
(c) (i)
Jisim magnesium: 27.75 -25.35 = 2.40/
2.4 g
: 25.35 g
: 27.75 g g
: 29.35 g g
(ii)
Jisim oksigen: 29.35 – 27.75 = 1.60/ 1.6 g
(iii) Langkah menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida:
L1: Mol magnesium:
Mol oksigen:
1.6
16
2.4
24
= 0.1
= 0.1
L2: Nisbah Mg : O = 1:1
L3: Formula empirik
= MgO
(d) 1 mol magnesium react with 1 mol oxygen
1 mol magnesium bertindak balas dengan 1 mol oksigen
…………………….……………………………………………………………………………………… [3M]
SPM2012-01
(a) (i) Thermometer reading increases// temperature rises// volume of mercury
increases// level of mercury increases// mercury expands
Bacaan termometer bertambah// suhu meningkat// isi padu merkuri bertambah// paras
merkuri bertambah// merkuri mengembang
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(ii) Mercury/ water absorbs heat// exothermic// heat released // heat produced
Merkuri/ air menyerap haba // eksotermik// haba dibebaskan// haba dihasilkan
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
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muka surat 1
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
(b)
Konduktor haba yang baik
Good heat conductor
Tungku kaki tiga besi
Iron tripod stand
Konduktor haba yang lemah
Poor heat conductor
Lampu kaca
Glass Lamp
Penghadang angin aluminium
Aluminium wind shield
Air
Water
(c) The higher the number of carbon atoms per molecule of alcohol, the higher the heat of
combustion
Lebih tinggi bilangan atom karbon per molekul alkohol, lebih tinggi haba pembakaran
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(d) (i) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: alkohol/ alcohol [Nama alkohol]
Manipulated variable
(ii) Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Heat of combustion// haba pembakaran
Responding variable
(iii) Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: : Isi padu air/ Tin kuprum// perubahan suhu
Fixed variable: volume of water/ copper can// temperature change
[3M]
(e)
Alkohol
Alcohol
Isi padu
air
Volume of
water
(cm3)
Perubahan
suhu air
Temperature
change of
water (°C)
Jisim pelita kaca
sebelum
pembakaran Mass
of glass lamp
before burning (g)
Jisim pelita kaca
selepas
pembakaran Mass
of glass lamp after
burning (g)
200
30
374.95
373.35
200
30
332.00
330.80
200
30
344.38
343.30
200
30
372.90
371.90
Metanol, CH3OH
Methanol
Etanol, C2H5OH
Ethanol
Propanol, C3H7OH
Propanol
Butanol,C4H9OH
Butanol
(f) (i)
Tenaga haba yang diserap
Heat energy absorbed
=
Jisim air X 4.2 X Perubahan suhu air
Mass of water X 4.2 X Temperature change of water
= 200 X 4.2 X 30 = 25 200 J
(ii) Jisim propanol yang terbakar = Bilangan mol propanol
Mass of propanol burnt
Number of moles of propanol
60
= 1.08/60 = 0.0179816 = 0.02 mol
(iii) Tenaga haba yang diserap
Heat energy absorbed
= Haba pembakaran propanol
Heat of combustion of propanol
Bilangan mol propanol
Number of moles of propanol
= 25 200/ 0.018 = 1 400 00 J mol-1
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muka surat 2
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
[3M]
(g)
[3M]
(h) (2 320 ± 20 ) kJ mol-1
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(i) 1. Incomplete combustion/ pembakaran tak lengkap
2. heat loss to the surroundings// kehilangan haba kepada persekitaran
3. Container absorbed some heat// bekas menyerap sedikit haba
……………………………………………………………………………………………………[3M]
(j) Heat released that raises the temperature of water when 1 mol of alcohol is burnt
Haba yang dibebaskan yang menaikkan suhu air apabila 1 mol alkohol terbakar
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
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muka surat 3
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Negeri Sembilan 2015-01
Set-up of apparatus/ Susunan radas
Observation/ Pemerhatian
Set I/ Set I
Soda lime
Iron wool
Kapur soda
Wul besi
Bromine gas
Iron wool glows brightly
Gas bromin
Wul besi membara dengan terang
Set II/ Set II
Chlorine gas
Gas klorin
Heat
Panaskan
Iron wool
Wul besi
Soda lime
Kapur soda
Iron wool glows brighter/(burns
brightly)
Wul besi membara dengan lebihterang
Heat
Panaskan
Set III/ Set III
Iodine gas
Gas iodin
Iron wool
Wul besi
Soda lime
Kapur soda
Iron wool glows dimly.
Wul besi membara dengan malap
Heat
Panaskan
(b) Based on the observations in three sets of the experiment, state an inference.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam ketiga-tiga set eksperimen itu, nyatakan satu inferens.
Reaction between iron wool with chlorine is most reactive followed by bromine and
iodine
Tindak balas antara ferum dengan klorin adalah lebih reaktif diikuti dengan bromin dan
iodin
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(c) (i) the manipulated variable./pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan.
Chlorine, bromine and iodine//types of halogens
Klorin, bromin dan iodin// jenis halogen
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) the responding variable./pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas.
Reactivity of halogen towards hot iron / brightness of glow
Kereaktifan halogen terhadap ferum panas// kecerahan nyalaan
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) the fixed variable./ pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan.
Iron wool// wul besi
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
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muka surat 4
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
(d) State the hypothesis for the experiment./ Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
Going down Group 17, the reactivity of halogen with iron wool decreases //
Going down Group 17, the brightness of glow decreases.
Menuruni Kumpulan 17, kereaktifan halogen dengan wul besi berkurang //
Meneruni Kumpulan 17, kecerahan nyalaan berkurang.
………………………………………………………………………………………….............
(e) State the operational definition for the reactivity of halogens in this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kereaktifan halogen dalam eksperimen ini.
The brightness of glow when halogen is flowed to hot iron wool.
Kecerahan nyalaan apabila halogen mengalir ke wul ferum panas.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(f) Arrange the three halogens in descending order of reactivity.
Susunkan ketiga-tiga halogen mengikut tertib kereaktifan menurun.
Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine // klorin, bromin, iodin// Cl 2, Br2, I2
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
Negeri Sembilan 2016-01
Alcohol
Alkohol
Reading of Electronic Balance
Bacaan Penimbang Elektronik
Before/ Sebelum
After/ Selepas
Methanol
Metanol
CH3OH
1.55
364.95 g
363.40 g
Ethanol
Etanol
C2H5OH
1.20
322.00 g
320.80 g
Propanol
Propanol
C3H7OH
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Mass of alcohol used
Jisim alkohol digunakan
(g)
1.10
354.40 g
353.30 g
muka surat 5
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Butanol
Butanol
C4H9OH
1.61
332.90 g
331.29 g
(b) (i) Manipulated variable/ Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
Types of alcohols//[Name of alcohols]
Jenis alkohol// [nama alkohol]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Responding variable/Pembolehubah bergerak balas
Heat of combustion//Temperature increase/change
Haba pembakaran// suhu meningkat/ perubahan
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Fixed variable/ Pembolehubah dimalarkan
Aluminium can//Water (Reject: Volume of water)
Bekas Aluminium// Air (tolak isi padu air)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(c) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
The higher the number of carbon atoms per molecule of alcohol, the higher the heat of
combustion.
Lebih tinggi bilangan atom karbon per molekul bagi alkohol, semakin tinggi haba
pembakaran
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(e) Predict the value of heat of combustion of pentanol. Draw a bar of pentanol on the
graph in (d).
Ramalkan nilai haba pembakaran bagi pentanol. Lukis satu bar bagi pentanol pada graf
di (d).
2260 kJ mol-1
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(f) State the operational definition of heat of combustion of alcohol in this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi haba pembakaran alkohol dalam eksperimen ini.
The heat released/produced when 1 mole of alcohol is burnt in excess oxygen,
thermometer reading increases.
Haba dibebaskan/ dihasilkan apabila 1 mol alkohol terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan,
pembacaan termometer meningkat.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
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muka surat 6
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
(d) Using the data in Table 1.2, draw a bar chart of heat combustion of alcohols against
types of alcohol.
Dengan menggunakan Jadual 1.2, lukis carta bar bagi haba pembakaran alkohol
melawan jenis alkohol.
(i) Axes are labelled with correct unit
(ii)Scale used must cover at least 50% of graph paper
(iii)Uniform spacing and width for each bar
Heat of combustion/kJ mol-1
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Metanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
Types of alcohol
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muka surat 7
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Perlis 2017-02
(a) (i) State one observation in the experiment.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini.
Yellow solid changes to grey solid//reading of weighing balance decreases//grey solid
formed
pepejal kuning berubah kepada pepejal kelabu// bacaan penimbang berkurangan //
pepejal kelabu terbentuk
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(ii) Give one inference based on your answer in (a) (i).
Berikan satu inferens berdasarkan jawapan anda di (a)(i).
Lead(II) oxide changed to lead // Lead(II) oxide is reduced//lead(II) metal is formed.
Plumbum(II) oksida berubah menjadi plumbum // plumbum(II) oksida dikurangkan //
logam plumbum terbentuk.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(b) Determine the empirical formula of lead oxide.
Given the relative atomic mass of Pb = 207 and O = 16
Tentukan empirikal formula bagi plumbum oksida.
Diberi jisim atom relatif bagi Pb = 207 dan O = 16.
Description
Mass (g)
Combustion tube + asbestos paper
Tiub pembakaran + kertas abestos
64.00
Combustion tube + asbestos paper + lead oxide/yellow solid
Tiub pembakaran + kertas abestos + plumbum(II) oksida// pepejal
kuning
117.52
Combustion tube + asbestos paper + lead/ grey solid
Tiub pembakaran + kertas abestos + plumbum/ logam kelabu
113.68
Element
Mass (g)
Number of moles (mol)
Ratio of moles
Pb
113.68-64.00 // 49.68
49.68÷207 // 0.24
0.24/0.24// 1
O
117.52 – 113.68 // 3.84
3.84 ÷16// 0.24
0.24/0.24// 1
Empirical formula : PbO
c.
Empirical formula/ Formula empririk
CH
CH2
CH2O
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Molecular formula/ Formula molekul
C6H12O6
C3H6
C2H4O2
muka surat 8
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Johor 2015 set 3-01
(a) Bubbles of gas is released/ Gelembung gas terhasil
Magnesium dissolves/ Magnesium melarut
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(b) Magnesium reacts with acid to produced magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas
Magnesium bertindak balas dengan asid untuk menghasilkan magnesium klorida dan gas
hidrogen
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(c) Exp
Exp 2
Exp 3
Exp 4
Exp 5
1 : 17.0 s
: 31.0 s
: 39.0 s
: 47.5 s
: 57.0 s
(d)
Experiment
1
2
3
4
5
Concentration / mol d m-3
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Time taken /s
17.0
31.0
39.0
47.5
57.0
3 marks ]
(e) State the variables of the following./ Nyatakan pembolehubah yang berikut.
(i) Manipulated variable/ Pembolehubah di manipulasi:
Concentration of acid/ Kepekatan asid
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Responding variable / Pembolehubah bergerak balas:
Rate of reaction / Time taken for magnesium to dissolve
Kadar tindak balas / Masa diambil untuk magnesium melarut
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Fixed variable / Pembolehubah di tetapkan:
Temperature of acid / Quantity of Magnesium
Suhu asid / Kuantiti Magnesium
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(f) The higher the concentration of acid the higher the rate of reaction.
Semakin tinggi kepekatan asid semakin tinggi kadar tindak balas
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(g) The higher the concentrations of hydrochloric acid the shorter the time taken for
magnesium powder to dissolve completely in acid.
Semakin tinggi kepekatan asid hidroklorik, masa yang lebih singkat di ambil untuk serbuk
magnesium melarut sepenuhnya dalam asid.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
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muka surat 9
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
(h)
Concentration / mol dm-3
Time / s
[ 3 marks ]
(i) [ 5 – 15 ] saat
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
(j)
Increase the initial rate of reaction
sulphuric acid
heating of acid
Decrease the initial rate of reaction
Ethanoic acid
magnesium ribbon
[3M]
(k) The higher the concentrations of hydrochloric acid react with magnesium, the shorter
the time taken
Semakin tinggi kepekatan asid hidroklorik bertindak balas dengan magnesium, semakin
masa singkat yang di ambil
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3M]
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muka surat 10
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Kedah-2017-03
a Does vulcanised rubber more elastic than unvulcanised rubber?
Adalah getah tervulkan lebih kenyal daripada getah tak tervulkan?
b Manipulated variable
Type of rubber //Vulcanised rubber and unvulcanised rubber/
Jenis getah // getah tervulkan dan getah tak tervulkan
Responding variable
Elasticity of rubber
Kekenyalan getah
Constant variable
Initial length of rubber // Mass of weight
Panjang awal getal // jisim pemberat
c
Vulcanised rubber is more elastic than unvulcanised rubber.
Getah tervulkan lebih kenyal berbanding getah tak tervulkan
d Materials / Bahan
Vulcanised rubber strip, Unvulcanised rubber strip
Jalur getah tervulkan,Jalur getah tak tervulkan
Radas
Retord stand with clamp, meter ruler, clip, 200 g weight
kaki retod dengan pengapit, Pembaris meter, Klip , 200 g pemberat
e
1. ukur dan potong jalur getah tervulkan kepada [8-10] cm panjang
2. Rekodkan panjang awal jalur getah
3. Gantung jalur getah pada ketinggian 50 cm
4. Gantung [50-200]g pemberat pada jalur getah dan rekod panjang selepas
diregangkan.
5. Tanggalkan pemberat , ukur dan rekod panjang jalur getah.
6. Ulang eksperimen dengan menggunakan jalur getah tak tervulkan
f
Jenis jalur getah
Panjang
awal
(cm)
Panjang
dengan
pemberat
(cm)
Panjang selepas pemberat
dikeluarkan
(cm)
Getah tervulkan
Getah tak tervulkan
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muka surat 11
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Johor 2017 Set02
Cadangan jawapan
a
Does acids and alkalis affects on the coagulation of latex?//
Does latex coagulate when acid is added and does not coagulate when alkali is
added?
Adakah asid dan alkali mempengaruhi pembekuan lateks? //
Adakah lateks membeku apabila asid ditambahkan dan tidak membeku apabila
alkali ditambahkan?
b
Manipulated variable :
Type of acids and alkalis // ammonia solution and ethanoic acid
Jenis asid dan alkali// Larutan ammonia dan asid etanoik
Responding variable
Coagulation of latex//Coagulate or not
Pembekuan lateks //Membeku atau tidak
Constant variable
Type of latex // Volume of latex // Temperature
Jenis lateks //Isipadu lateks// Suhu
c
The presence of ethanoic acid, latex coagulate and the presence of ammonia , latex
does not coagulate //
When ethanoic acid is added to the latex, coagulation occur but when ammonia
solution is added to the latex, coagulation do not occur.
Dalam kehadiran asid etanoik, lateks membeku dan dalam kehadiran ammonia,
lateks tidak membeku //
Apabila asid etanoik ditambahkan ke dalam lateks, pembekuan berlaku tetapi
apabila larutan ammonia ditambahkan kepda lateks, pembekuan tidak berlaku.
d
Materials:
Latex, ethanoic acid, ammonia solution
Apparatus:
beaker, glass rod
e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Latex is poured is into a beaker.
Ethanoic acid is added into the beaker
The mixture is stirred with a glass rod.
The changes occurred are observed and recorded.
The step 1 to 4 are repeated by replacing ethanoic acid with ammonia solution.
f
Mixture//substance added to latex
Observation
Latex + ethanoic acid // ethanoic acid
Latex + ammonia solution// ammonia
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muka surat 12
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
SPM 2004-03
Cadangan jawapan
a
Dapat menghasilkan dua ester dengan menggunakan asid karboksilik yang sama
dan dapat memperihalkan bau.
It can produce two esters using the same carboxylic acid and can describe the
scents.
b
Tindak balas antara asid butanoik dengan alkohol berlainan menghasilkan bau
ester yang berlainan
The reaction between butanoic acid and different alcohols produces a difference
ester scents.
c
Bahan: Asid butanoik, metanol, etanol, asid sulfurik pekat
Materials: Butanoic acid, methanol, ethanol, concentrated sulfuric acid
Radas: Tabung uji , bikar, penitis, penunu Bunsen, pemegang tabung uji
Apparatus: Test tube, beaker, dropper, Bunsen burner, test tube holder
d
1. Metanol mutlak ditambahkan ke dalam asid butanoik.
2. Campuran digoncangkan/ dikacau.
3. Beberapa titis asid sulfurik pekat dimasukkan ke dalam campuran dengan
menggunakan penitis.
4. Campuran dihangatkan selama beberapa minit.
5. Hasil tindak balas dituangkan ke dalam bikar berisi air.
6. Bau yang terhasil dihidu.
7. Ulangi langkah 1 hingga 6 diulangi dengan menggantikan metanol dengan
etanol.
e
Alkohol
Alcohol
Metanol
Methanol
Etanol
ethanol
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Asid karboksilik
Carboxylic acid
Asid butanoik
Carboxylic acid
Asid butanoik
Carboxylic acid
Bau
scents.
muka surat 13
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Johor 2015 set 2
a
Which compounds conducts electricity in molten state?//
Can lead (II) bromide and naphthalene conduct electricity in molten state?
Yang manakah sebatian yang boleh menjalankan elektrik dalam keadaan lebur?
// Adakah plumbum(II) bromida dan naphthalene menjalankan elektrik dalam
keadaan lebur?
b
(a) Manipulated variable : Type of compound/ Jenis sebatian
(b) Responding variable : Conductivity of electric/ Konduktiviti elektrik
(c) Fixed variable : molten state/ keadaan lebur
c
Ionic compound/Lead (II) bromide conducts electricity in molten state whereas
covalent compound/naphthalene cannot conduct electricity in molten state.
Sebatian ion/ plumbum(II) bromida boleh mengalirkan elektrik dalam keadaan lebur
manakala sebatian kovalen / naftalena tidak dapat mengalirkan elektrik dalam
keadaan lebur.
d
Apparatus/ Radas
Crucible, wire gauze, tripod stand, Bunsen burner, connecting wire, voltmeter
/bulb, carbon electrodes, battery, spatula, clay pipe triangle
Mangkuk pijar, kasa dawai, tungku kaki tiga, Penunu bunsen, wayar penyambung,
voltmeter / mentol, elektrod karbon, bateri, spatula, segitiga tanah liat
Materials/ Bahan:
Lead (II) bromide, naphthalene
plumbum(II) bromida, naftalena
e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Add lead (II) bromide powder to a crucible
Place it on a clay pipe triangle
Connect the carbon electrode to the battery and voltmeter
Dip the carbon electrode into lead (II) bromide
Heat it very strongly
Record the voltmeter reading
Repeat experiment using naphthalene
f
Substance
Bahan
Lead (II) bromide
Plumbum(II) bromida
Naphthalene
naftalena
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Voltmeter reading/ V
Bacaan voltmerer
muka surat 14
Modul Pecutan Akhir SPM 2019
Bengkel Kimia Bersama Cikgu Adura
Kedah 2016-02
a
Do the types of electrodes affect the types of products formed at anode?
Does the type of electrode/ anode affect the choice of ions to be discharged?
Adakah jenis elektrod mempengaruhi jenis hasil yang terbentuk di anod?
Adakah jenis elektrod / anod mempengaruhi pemilihan ion yang akan dinyahcas?
b
Manipulated variable: Types of electrode/ anode
Jenis elektrod/ anod
Responding variable: Product formed at the anode
Hasil yang terhasil di anod
Fixed variable: Electrolyte// The concentration of electrolyte
Elektrolit// kepekatan elektrolit
c
When carbon electrodes are used oxygen/ bubble produced and
when copper electrodes are used brown solid/ copper formed at the anode .
Apabila elektrod karbon digunakan, oksigen / gelembung dihasilkan dan
apabila elektrod kuprum digunakan, pepejal perang/ kuprum yang terbentuk di
anod.
d
Materials:
1. copper(II) sulphate solution, (0.5 - 2.0) mol dm-3 //any suitable solution that
match with metal plate used.
2. carbon rod
3. copper plate// any metal plate that match with a solution used.
4. wooden splinter// any suitable material used for testing a gas or any product at
anode.
Apparatus:
1. electrolytic cell
2. battery
3. connecting wire
4. test tube
Bahan:
1. larutan kuprum(II) sulfat, (0.5 - 2.0) mol dm-3 // sebarang larutan yang sesuai
dengan plat logam yang digunakan.
2. rod karbon
3. plat kuprum // sebarang plat logam yang sepadan dengan penyelesaian yang
digunakan.
4. kayu uji // bahan yang sesuai digunakan untuk menguji gas atau sebarang
produk di anod.
Peralatan:
1. sel elektrolitik
2. bateri
3. menyambung wayar
4. tabung uji
e
1. Fill the electrolytic cell (beaker) with half full of copper(II) sulphate solution (any
suitable electrolyte that match with metal plate used).
2. A test tube filled with copper(II) solution is inverted on the
anode carbon electrode.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
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Complete the circuit.
Electricity is flowed.
Record observation at anode..
Step 1 -5 is repeated using copper plate
f
Type of electrode
Jenis elektrod
Carbon
Karbon
Copper/ any metal
Kprum/ sebarang logam
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Observation
pemerhatian
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Kelantan 2015
a
Does the type of electrode/anode affect the choice of ions to be discharged?
Adakah jenis elektrod / anod mempengaruhi pemilihan ion yang akan dinyahcas?
b
Manipulated variable
Type of electrode/ anode// Jenis elektrod / anod
Responding variable
Product formed at anode/ hasil terbentuk di anod
Controlled variable
Electrolyte/ Elektrolit
c
Type of electrode/anode will influence the choice of ion to be discharged// type of
electrode/anode will produce different product.
Jenis elektrod / anod akan mempengaruhi pilihan ion yang akan dinyahcaskan//
jenis elektrod / anod akan menghasilkan hasil yang berbeza.
d
Materials:
1. copper(II) sulphate solution, (0.5 – 2.0) mol dm-3 //any suitable solution that
match with metal plate used.
2. carbon rod
3. copper plate// any metal plate that match with a solution used.
4. wooden splinter// any suitable material used for testing a gas or any product at
anode.
Apparatus:
1. electrolytic cell
2. battery
3. connecting wire
4. test tube
Bahan:
1. larutan kuprum(II) larutan sulfat, (0.5 - 2.0) mol dm-3 // sebarang larutan yang
sesuai dengan plat logam yang digunakan.
2. rod karbon
3. plat kuprum // sebarang plat logam yang sepadan dengan penyelesaian yang
digunakan.
4. kayu uji // bahan yang sesuai digunakan menguji gas atau sebarang produk di
anod.
Radas:
1. sel elektrolitik
2. bateri
3. menyambung wayar
4. tabung uji
e
1. Fill the electrolytic cell (beaker) with half full of copper(II) sulpahate solution
(any suitable electrolyte that match with metal plate used).
2. A test tube filled with copper(II) solution is inverted on the anode carbon
electrode.
3. Complete the circuit.
4. Electricity is flowed.
5. Record observation at anode..
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6. Step 1-5 is repeated using copper plate
f
Type of electrode
Jenis elektrod
Observation
pemerhatian
Carbon
Karbon
Copper/ any metal
Kprum/ sebarang logam
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