Module G:
CONTINGENT
PREPARATION
FOR DEPLOYMENT
1
Module Content
• UN Policy on Operational Readiness Assurance
and Performance Improvement (ORAPI).
• Medical preparation of the personnel
• Soldier readiness
2
Lecture 1
ORAPI Policy
Lecture 1
3
Learning Outcomes
• Describe the content and goals of the policy
• Examine the steps in the operational
preparation of the contingent as exposed in
ORAPI
• Make the link with the military unit’s
certification process explained in module F.
4
Lecture Content
•
•
•
•
•
Presentation of the ORAPI
Shaping the unit
Preparation of the unit
Delivery of mandate tasks
Learning from the deployment
5
Policy on Operational
Readiness Assurance
and Performance
Improvement
(ORAPI)
Topic 1
6
ORAPI
What?
How?
• Improve Performance of
deployed Military units
• Holistic approach by all
stakeholders
• Performance Improvement Cycle
7
ORAPI
SHAPING
LESSONS LEARNED
PREPARATION
DELIVERY
8
ORAPI
SHAPING
Long Term
Certification
LEARNING
Post-Mission
PREPARATION
Short Term
Evaluation
DELIVERY
In-Mission
9
DOMAINS
ORAPI
PERSONNEL &
UNITS
EQUIPMENT
DOCTRINE &
POLICY
10
Shaping
Topic 2
11
Shaping
• Shaping is conducted by Members States and
involves in-depth training and preparation in all
military unit aspects including
– personnel, unit,
– equipment,
– doctrine and policy.
• This phase includes
– basic military skills foundation training
– capability of operating in an asymmetric environment
– Added peacekeeping competencies
12
PERSONNEL
SHAPING
Train, populate and sustain
MS
Educate / train on UN issues
MS + UNHQ
Career management
MS + UNHQ
13
EQUIPMENT
SHAPING
Plan, procure, field
standard equipment
MS + UNHQ
Plan, procure, field
specialist PK equipment
MS + UNHQ
14
DOCTRINE & POLICY
SHAPING
Global / Universal
Mission specific
Function specific
15
DOCTRINE & POLICY
SHAPING
Global / Universal
• UN Capstone doctrine (UNHQ)
• UN Guidelines (POC, Gender, etc.) (UNHQ)
• Performance, training, evaluation in the field
(UNHQ)
• COE Manual
• UN core pre-deployment training (UNHQ / ITS)
16
DOCTRINE & POLICY
SHAPING
Mission specific
• CONOPS (UNHQ)
• ROE (UNHQ)
• SUR / MOU (UNHQ)
• FC Guidance (Mission)
• Mission Specific OPORDER (Mission)
17
DOCTRINE & POLICY
SHAPING
Function specific
• FHQ Handbook (UNHQ)
• UNIBAM (UNHQ)
• UN Military Units Manuals (UNHQ)
• Mission Specific Standards and skills
18
Preparation
Topic 3
19
Preparation
• The Preparation is conducted by Members
States with the support of UNHQ and Force
Headquarters usually 3 to 6 months before
deployment.
– Building on foundation skills acquired during the
shaping phase
– Adding peacekeeping competencies,
– Maintaining and improving basic military skills.
• To assist the TCC in this phase, UNHQ sets up:
– Assessment and Advisory Visit
– Reconnaissance Visit
– Pre-Deployment Visit
20
PERSONNEL
PREPARATION
Develop & train basic skills
MS
Develop & train specialized UN skills
MS
Pre-deployment training for UN
personnel
MS + UNHQ
+FHQ
Evaluation / Certification
MS + UNHQ
21
EQUIPMENT
PREPARATION
Equip unit with standard & Missionspecific equipment SUR/SOFA
MS + UNHQ
Sustainment plans as per SUR / SOFA
MS + UNHQ
Force Generation Process SUR / SOFA
MS + UNHQ
22
DOCTRINE & POLICY
PREPARATION
Mission-specific doctrine & guidance
Function-specific doctrine & guidance
23
DOCTRINE & POLICY
PREPARATION
Mission specific
• CONOPS (UNHQ)
• OPORD (FHQ via UNHQ)
• ROE (UNHQ)
• SUR / MOU (UNHQ)
• FC Guidance and directives (Mission)
• Mission Specific scenario based exercises (Mission)
• Mission / Force SOP (Mission)
24
DOCTRINE & POLICY
PREPARATION
Function specific
• FHQ Handbook (UNHQ)
• UNIBAM (UNHQ)
• UN Military Units Manuals (UNHQ)
• Mission Specific Standards and skills
(FHQ via UNHQ)
25
CERTIFICATION
Preparation
OPERATIONAL
PREPARATION
CONDUCT &
DISCIPLINE
26
Delivery
Topic 4
27
Delivery
• This phase of the Performance Improvement
Cycle relates to the delivery of mandated
tasks in mission areas.
• In this phase, Force Commanders have the
main responsibility in terms of operational
readiness.
28
DOMAINS
DELIVERY
PERSONNEL &
UNITS
EQUIPMENT
DOCTRINE &
POLICY
EVALUATION
29
DELIVERY
PERSONNEL
Induction training
Refresher training
FHQ U7
BDE HQ
BN
COY
On the job training
All levels
Self-evaluation during the mission
FHQ / Unit
Evaluation & measurement of
performances
UNHQ – FHQ
BDE HQ - Units
30
EQUIPMENT
DELIVERY
Field and rotate equipment
According to SUR / MOU
Maintain equipment according to
SUR / MOU / C OE Manual
MS + FHQ +
Unit
MS + Unit
31
DOCTRINE & POLICY
DELIVERY
Mission-specific doctrine & guidance
Function-specific doctrine & guidance
32
DOCTRINE & POLICY
DELIVERY
Mission specific
• As for the Preparation phase, plus:
• Mission-specific FRAGO’s (FHQ)
• Mission-specific CONPLAN (FHQ)
• Mission-specific scenario based exercises
(FHQ / U7)
• Mission Essential Tasks (MET) (FHQ / U7)
33
DOCTRINE & POLICY
DELIVERY
Function specific
• FHQ Handbook (FHQ / UNHQ)
• UNIBAM (FHQ / UNHQ)
• UN Military Units Manuals (FHQ /
UNHQ)
• SOPs (FHQ)
34
EVALUATION
DELIVERY
Operational readiness evaluation
FC / FHQ
Unit self-evaluation
Contingent
Commander
COE Inspections
FHQ - DMS Unit
35
Learning
Topic 5
36
Learning
• The learning process focuses on how lessons
identified are used by the different
stakeholders to enable improvement during
the shaping, preparation and delivery phases.
• The learning process should inform all
domains related to personnel, units,
organization, training, equipment, doctrine
and policy
37
Learning
It is essential that TCCs incorporate into their
peacekeeping centers and national military
training processes the key findings captured
during the complete Performance
Improvement Cycle.
38
Learning
TCCs must ensure that UN pre-deployment and
refresher training of individuals and units
remain up-to-date and aligned with the lessons
identified.
39
PERSONNEL & UNITS
LEARNING
Lessons Identified
Support
40
PERSONNEL & UNITS
LEARNING
Lessons Identified
• Evaluations of individuals (Units – FHQ)
• Evaluations of HQs and Units (Units –
FHQ)
• Capturing of incidents and solutions
(Units – FHQ)
41
PERSONNEL & UNITS
LEARNING
Support
• PDV
• Visit from TCC Training Teams
• Update of documents -> next
incoming unit
42
EQUIPMENT
LEARNING
All
General observations
COE Verifications
Unit – FHQ
43
DOCTRINE & POLICY
LEARNING
Global and updated documents
Mission-specific
Function-specific
44
DOCTRINE & POLICY
LEARNING
Global / updated
•
UN guidelines on cross-cutting issues (POC, gender etc .. ) (UNHQ)
•
Improving performance in the field (UNHQ)
•
COE manual (UNHQ)
•
UN core pre-deployment training (UNHQ/ITS)
•
LI/LL process (UNHQ/OMA)
•
OM process (OMA)
•
UN process (DPET)
•
National (TCC)
•
Update adjust guidelines from UNHQ based on LI/LL, BP and AAR (UNHQ)
45
DOCTRINE & POLICY
LEARNING
Mission specific
•
Mission-specific OPORD (FHQ)
•
ROE (UNHQ/FHQ)
•
SUR and MOU (UNHQ)
•
Update/adjust CONOPS, MOU, SUR, ROE based on LI/LL, BP
and AARs (UNHQ)
•
Mission-specific Lessons Identified/Lessons Learned process
(FHQ)
•
Mission debriefs (UNHQ)
•
SITREP (FHQ)
46
DOCTRINE & POLICY
LEARNING
Function specific
• FHQ Handbook (FHQ / UNHQ)
• UNIBAM (FHQ / UNHQ)
• UN Military Units Manuals (FHQ / UNHQ)
• FC guidance on evaluation of individuals, HQs and
units
• Mission-specific standards and skills (FHQ)
47
Lecture Take Away
• Performance improvement is a continuous
cycle which comprises four phases:
– Shaping (long term)
– Preparation (3-6 months before deployment)
– Delivery of mandated tasks (in-mission)
– Learning (lessons learned process)
• The ORAPI Policy provides a framework for
the structured preparation to deployment of
initial contingents and further rotations, in a
continuous cycle involving the T/PCC, the
UNHQ and the Mission in the field.
48
ORAPI
Questions
Lecture 2
49
Lecture 2
Medical Preparation
Lecture 2
50
Learning Outcomes
• Describe various aspects of the medical
preparation of the contingent
• This lecture does not tackle the preparation of
a Level 1 or Level 2 Hospital for deployment,
only the pre-deployment preparation of the
individual personnel of the contingent.
51
Lecture Content
• Medical screening
• Preventive medicine
• Immunization policy
52
Medical Screening
Topic 1
53
Medical Screening
It is the responsibility of the Member States
to deploy
physically, mentally and emotionally fit
personnel
for United Nations peacekeeping operations
54
Medical screening
SERVICE CONDITIONS
IN PKOs
Endemic unfamiliar
diseases
Sub-standard
sanitation
These conditions
Few amenities
create a stressful
Primitive living
conditions
Scarce recreational
facilities
conspire to
environment for
the peacekeepers
55
Medical Screening
STRESSFUL
CONDITIONS
AGGRAVATION
OF
PRE-EXISTING
MEDICAL
CONDITIONS
CHANGED
ENVIRONMENT
56
Medical Screening
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
Hypertension requiring medication
Diabetes requiring medication
Any known heart disease
Chronic illness requiring regular medication
Immuno-compromised condition
Intolerance to anti-malarial medication
History of alcohol dependence / psychiatric disease
57
Medical Screening
NO
DEPLOYMENT
In addition…
AIDS
CHOLERA
PREGNANCY
58
Medical Screening
Regarding dental care…
• Dental care facilities are often scarce and difficult to
get to in Mission areas.
• Acute dental affections are debilitating and can
completely annihilate the operational value of a
soldier / policeman.
• Therefore special attention should be given to
screening the dental condition of the contingent
members during the preparation phase.
59
Medical screening
Medical repatriations
due to conditions
acquired in the
Mission shall be done
at UN expense
Medical repatriations
due to pre-existing
medical, dental or
psychiatric conditions
shall be done at
T/PCC’s expense
60
Medical screening
Moreover…
In case injury or death should result directly
from such pre-existing conditions,
the UN may not be liable
for any compensation to be paid
for such disease, injury or death
61
Medical Screening
In view of the PDV
• A standard list of pre-deployment medical preparations
conducted for their peacekeeping personnel should be
made available to DPKO by the T/PCCs.
• This shall include any clinical examinations, x-rays and
laboratory tests, as well as all vaccinations administered.
• Medical screening results of individuals are not required,
unless specifically requested by DPKO
62
Preventive Medicine
Topic 2
63
Preventive Medicine
Post-conflict zones,
where peacekeeping missions are deployed,
are often characterized by
degraded public health infrastructure
or completely collapsed health care delivery
systems
64
Preventive Medicine
Maintaining the good health
of personnel deployed on the ground
is therefore a major challenge
for the Field Missions
65
Preventive Medicine
FEWER
WORKDAYS
LOST
PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
LOWER
TREATMENT
COSTS
LOWER
MORBIDITY
RATES
66
Preventive Medicine
The contingent Senior Medical Officer and
Medical Officers are responsible for
implementing preventive medicine practices
for the military contingents and personnel
under their charge, starting with predeployment training.
67
Preventive Medicine
IMMUNIZATION
STATUS
DISEASE
PREVENTION
HEALTH
EDUCATION
MEDICAL
TRAINING
• Generic vaccinations
• Specific to Mission area
• Required vaccinations
• Anti-malarial tablets
• Condoms
• Personal Hygiene awareness
• Food
• Water
• First aid training
• Medical personnel training
68
Immunization policy
Topic 3
69
Immunization
The Medical Services Division sets the policy on
the vaccination and chemo prophylaxis
requirements within a mission area, in line with
WHO regulations.
This is considered the minimum standard that
should be observed by all TCCs/PCCs.
70
IMMUNIZATION
REQUIREMENTS
Immunization
Mandatory
Recommended
Standard / Childhood
71
IMMUNIZATION
REQUIREMENTS
Immunization
MANDATORY
• Vaccinations required to meet
international health regulations or
national requirements stipulated by the
host country for travel into the mission
area.
• Uniformed personnel deployed without
such vaccinations may be repatriated at
the port of entry at national expense.
• In case of vaccination by the Mission:
cost shall be deducted from the T/PCC
reimbursements.
72
IMMUNIZATION
REQUIREMENTS
Immunization
MANDATORY
In case yellow fever vaccination is
required:
• Reimbursement can be sought
through submission of claims.
• Individual WHO International
Certificate of Vaccination or
equivalent must be made available
to UN medical authorities.
73
IMMUNIZATION
REQUIREMENTS
Immunization
MANDATORY
Cholera vaccination is now mandatory
for all peacekeepers deploying to PKOs
• Vaccination should be implemented
in conjunction with other public
health and cholera preventive
activities, including health
education, ensuring safe water
supply and sanitation.
74
IMMUNIZATION
REQUIREMENTS
Immunization
RECOMMENDED
• Vaccinations recommended for travel to
regions with certain diseases (hepatitis A,
Japanese encephalitis, meningitis, etc.).
• Reimbursement can be sought through
submission of claims.
• Individual WHO International Certificate
of Vaccination or equivalent must be
made available to UN medical authorities.
75
IMMUNIZATION
REQUIREMENTS
Immunization
STANDARD / CHILDHOOD
• Standard childhood vaccinations including
boosters provided routinely to
military/police personnel that are not
specifically required for peacekeeping
(e.g., diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and
poliomyelitis).
• This type of vaccination is a national
responsibility.
76
Immunization
OPTIONAL
• National requirement of a troop/police
contributor, but not mandatory for entry
into the mission area.
• This type of vaccination is a national
responsibility (e.g., rabies, anthrax and
seasonal human influenza).
• Such vaccines will not be reimbursed by
the United Nations.
77
Immunization
OPTIONAL
• National requirement of a troop/police
contributor, but not mandatory for entry
into the mission area.
• This type of vaccination is a national
responsibility (e.g., rabies, anthrax and
seasonal human influenza).
• Such vaccines will not be reimbursed by
the United Nations.
78
Immunization
SPECIAL CASE
• Additional vaccinations or drugs that are
required against new or emerging
infections encountered in the mission
area.
• These drugs will be provided by the
United Nations, or
• Will be reimbursed through the
submission of claims.
79
Immunization
It is a national responsibility to ensure that all personnel
have received the mandatory vaccinations before
deployment to the mission area
The immunization status of each individual is to be properly
documented for monitoring by the contingent Medical
Officer
Each member of the contingent must be provided with or
have in their medical record the WHO international
certificate of vaccination, or its national equivalent
80
Immunization
Should troops deploy into a mission area without
the required vaccinations, the supporting medical
unit will provide the vaccinations
However, all costs incurred will be deducted
from the reimbursement to the TCC/PCC.
81
Immunization
Failure to follow United Nations recommended
immunization policies may result in the denial
of entry into the host country,
as well as the rejection of any resulting
medical claims and compensation.
82
Lecture Take Away
• The pre-deployment medical screening of
contingent personnel should start at the
Shaping phase and be completed during the
Preparation phase (Ref. ORAPI policy).
• Mandatory vaccinations are a responsibility of
the T/PCC, failure of which may lead to the
non-deployment of personnel.
• Inadequate pre-deployment medical
screening may result in early repatriation of
the concerned personnel at T/PCC’s expense.
83
Medical Preparation
Questions
Lecture 2
84
Lecture 3
Soldier Readiness
Lecture 3
85
Learning Outcomes
• Explain how DPKO
86
Lecture Content
•
•
•
•
•
Pay and Allowances
UN Compensations (Death and Disability)
Life Insurance
Passport generation
Family Care Plan
87
Pay and Allowances
Topic 1
88
Pay and Allowances
Principles:
• Payment of salaries or overseas allowances to
contingent members is a national responsibility
• The UN does not pay salaries to contingent
members, only some limited allowances (leave
allowance)
• Troop costs are not salaries. Their redistribution
to the contingent members can only be a national
decision.
89
UN Compensations
(Death & Disability)
Topic 3
90
UN Compensations
In case of death or disability of a peacekeeper,
the UN has special provisions for
compensations:
• 70,000.00 US Dollars paid to the Government
for the family in case of death
• A % of this sum to the peacekeeper in case of
permanent disability
91
Life Insurance
Topic 2
92
Life Insurance
• The compensation paid by the UN in case of
death or disability is only a limited one-time
payment.
• Therefore the national authorities should
encourage the subscription by the
peacekeepers of an adapted life insurance for
the benefit of the family.
93
Passport Generation
Topic 4
94
Passport Generation
• In principle passports are not mandatory for
the members of military / police units
deploying to a PKO.
• However possessing a passport will help avoid
many issue in case the peacekeeper has to
travel alone across borders.
• Therefore attributing a passport to every
member of a contingent is recommended.
95
Passport Generation
• Visas are normally not required from
peacekeepers, or are delivered graciously by
the host country upon arrival.
• In case a host country imposes the delivery of
paying visas, the T/PCC may be reimbursed by
the UN after deployment.
• Proofs of dues payment will have to be
provided.
96
Family Care Plan
Topic 5
97
Family Care Plan
• Military authorities should make sure that
during the absence of the head of the family,
all family members will be covered by a health
care plan.
• National health care plans adapted to military
/ police personnel are recommended.
98
Lecture Take Away
• UN compensations in case of death or
disability should be completed by national
regulations to assure protection of the
families of the deceased.
• Salaries of contingent members remain a
national responsibility.
• Troop costs may be redistributed depending
on national regulations, but they do not
constitute a salary.
99
Soldier Readiness
Questions
Lecture 3
100