INTRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY
M. S. KHAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
Origin of word “BIOLOGY”
2
What is biology?
3
Branches of biology
ORIGIN OF WORD “BIOLOGY”
Greece
Language: Greek
Word : Bios (living beings)
+
logos (study of)
Regional map of Europe
WHAT IS BIOLOGY?
Biology is the study of living organisms including their origin,
distribution, evolution, structure and function.
BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
Botany
Study of
Plants
Microbiology
Study of
Micro-organisms
BIOLOGY
Zoology
Study of
Animals
SUB-BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
TAXONOMY
ANATOMY
GENETICS
PHYSIOLOGY
EVOLUTION
CYTOLOGY
ECOLOGY
TAXONOMY
Taxonomy deals with the identification, classification and nomenclature of
living organisms.
Although it resembles a snake, this animal
is actually a legless glass lizard.
All flesh eating mammals are grouped into
one category called order carnivora.
The scientific name of apple is malus
domestica.
ANATOMY
Anatomy deals with the structure of organisms and their body parts.
Anatomy of animals
Anatomy of plants
Human anatomy
PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology deals with the normal functions of living organisms and
their body parts.
Respiration
Circulation
Digestion
CYTOLOGY
Cytology deals with the structure, composition and function of cells.
Different types of cells
Cell structure
Protein synthesis
GENETICS
Genetics deals with the transmission of hereditary characteristics from one
generation to next generation.
Human races
DNA fingerprinting
Genetic disorders
EVOLUTION
Evolution is the study of various sequential and developmental changes of
the organism from the time of its origin.
Origin of life
Evolution in animals
Evolution in plants
ECOLOGY
Ecology is the study of interaction of organisms with each other and with
their environment.
Ecosystem
Energy transfer along a
Food chain
Extinct species
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