PRYSICAL EDUCATION - BASIC FIRST AID
 Is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who has
been injured or suddenly taken ill. It includes self-help and home
care if medical assistance is not available or delayed.
 Heat exhaustion is a response to heat characterized by fatigue,
weakness and collapse due to inadequate intake of water to
compensate for loss of fluids during sweating.
FIRST AID
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID:
To
To
 To
COMMON INJURY ENCOUNTERED BY OFFICIATING
OFFICIALS AND ATHLETES:
SPRAINS
 A sprain is caused by torn fibers in a ligament. Swelling and
bruising are some signs and symptoms.
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Have the victim lie down with his/her feet elevated.
Keep the victim cool.
Give him/her electrolyte beverages to sip or make a salted drink.
Monitor the victim for signs of shock.
If the victim starts having seizures, protect him/her from injury
and give first aid for convulsions.
 If the victim loses consciousness, give first aid for
unconsciousness.
OTHER SERIOUS INJURIES THAT REQUIRE IMMEDIATE
CARE OR FIRST AID INCLUDE:
FIRST AID
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Remove any clothing or jewelry around the joint.
Apply cold compress at once.
Elevate the affected joint.
The victim's physician may recommend an over the counter antiinflammatory for the victim's general health medication (aspirin,
ibuprofen) appropriate
HEAT EXHAUSTION
SPRAINS VS. STRAINS
 A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective
tissues that joins the end of one bone with another. Sprains are
caused by trauma such as a fall or a blow to the body that knocks
a joint out of position and, in the worst case, ruptures the
supporting ligaments. Sprains can range from first degree (minor)
to third degree (the worst).
 A strain is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon - a cord of
tissue connecting muscle to bone. It is an acute, non-contact
injury that results from overstretching or over-contraction.
Symptoms of a strain include pain, muscle spasm and loss of
strength. While it's hard to tell the difference between mild and
moderate strains, severe strains not treated professionally can
cause damage and loss of function.
KNEE INJURIES
 Because of its complex structure and weight- bearing capacity,
the knee is the most commonly injured joint. Each year, more
than 5.5 million people visit orthopedic surgeons for knee
problems. Knee injuries can result from a blow or twist to the
knee, from improper landing after a jump or from running too
hard, too much or without proper warm up.
ICE is an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain.
Apply an ice pack or cold compress for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as
possible after an injury. Repeat each hour for the first 3 or 4 hours,
then 4 times a day for the next 2 to 3 days. Protect your skin with a
thin cloth. If ice packs are not available, a packet of frozen vegetables
in a cloth will do.
COMPRESSION also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages for at
least 2 days. Check that the bandage is snug, but not too tight. Take
the bandage off at night.
FRACTURES
 A fracture is a break in the bone that can occur from either a
quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute fracture) or from
repeated stress to the bone over time (stress fracture).
ELAVATION drains fluids from injured tissues. Elevate the injured
area whenever you are sitting or lying down. Try to keep the injured
area at or above the level of the heart.
DISLOCATIONS
 When the two bones that come together to form a joint become
separated, the joint is described as being dislocated. A dislocated
joint is an emergency situation that requires medical treatments.
MUSIC OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD (700-1400)
 The Medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or -Dark
Ages that started with the fall of the Roman Empire. During this
time, the Christian Church influenced Europe's culture and
political affairs
R.I.C.E METHOD
REST the injured part, especially for the first 24 to 48 hours after the
injury - this is the most critical time of treatment. Avoid any activity
that causes pain or makes it worse. Use crutches if the leg, foot or
ankle is injured. Support an injured wrist, arm or shoulder with a sling.
Tape an injured toe or finger to its healthy neighbor.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GREGORIAN CHANTS:
 Monophonic
 Free meter
 Modal
 Usually based on Latin liturgy
 Use of Neume notation
TROUBADOUR MUSIC:
 Usually monophonic
 Sometimes with improvised accompaniment
 Tells of chivalry and courtly love
 originated in France
 Written in the French language
FAMOUS COMPOSER OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD:
Adam de la Halle - France, 1237-1288
Adam de la Halle was also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam
the Hunchback). He was the son of a well-known citizen of Arras,
Henri de la Halle. He received his education at the Cistercian Abbey
of Vaucelles, near Cambral
His works include:
1. Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion.
2. La Chanson du roi de Sicile
MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1400-1600)
 The term -Renaissance comes from the word renaitre, which
means "rebirth, revival, and rediscovery". The Renaissance
Period is a period of looking back to the Golden Age of Greece
and Rome. The invention of printing in the 1400's paved the way
for a wide distribution of renaissance compositions. With the
emergence of the bourgeois class, renaissance music became
popular as entertainment and activity for amateurs and the
educated. Lute was the prominent instrument of the renaissance
era. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church started to
decline as the new music genre arose. Though sacred music was
still of great importance, secular music became more prominent
in the renaissance period. This era was also known as the golden
age of a capella choral music.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE MUSIC:
 Mostly polyphonic
 Imitation among the voices is common • Use of word painting in
texts and music
 Melodic lines move in a flowing manner
 Melodies are easier to perform because these move along a scale
with a few large leaps
VOCAL MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD
1. Mass is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the
Eucharistic liturgy into music.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MASS:
 Polyphonic
 May be sung a cappella or with orchestral accompaniment
 Text may be syllabic (one note set to each syllable), neumatic (a
few notes set to one syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one
syllable)
FIVE MAIN SECTIONS OF MASS:
1. Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy)
2. Gloria (Glory to God in the Highest)
3. Credo (I Believe in One God)
4. Sanctus and Benedictus (Holy, holy and Blessed Is He)
5. Agnus Dei (Lamb of God)
3. Madrigal - A secular vocal polyphonic music composition which
originated from Italy. It is written and expressed in a poetic text and
sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important secular
form during the Renaissance period.
Characteristics of the Madrigal:
 Polyphonic
 Sung a cappella
 Through-composed
 Frequently in 3 to 6 voices
FAMOUS COMPOSERS OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina - Rome, 1525-1594
is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church
music during the Renaissance period. Majority of his compositions
are sacred music
Thomas Morley - East England 1557-1602
Morley was born in Norwich, East England, the son of a
brewer. He was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood, and
he became master of choristers there in 1583 .Thomas Morley was the
most famous composer of secular music in his time.
His works include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fire, Fire, My Heart
Sing and Chant It
Fantasie
April is In My Mistress" Face
It Was A Lover and His Lass
MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIOD (1685-1750)
 The word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word -barroco"
which means -pearl of irregular shape. Some of the great
composers of this time were George Friedrich Handel, Johann
Sebastian Bach, Claudio Monteverdi, and Antonio Vivaldi.
During this time, the arts highlighted grandiose and elaborate
ornamentation. These were clearly seen in the musical
compositions created by Baroque composers.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BAROQUE MUSIC:
Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental
Melodies are not easy to sing or remember Primarily contrapuntal
textures with some homophony
Dynamic contrast - alternation between loud and soft
Music genres-operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concertó grosso, fugue
Orchestra consists of strings and continuo
Harpsichord and organ the keyboard are instruments that are
commonly used
New forms:
1. binary- AB
2. ternary- ABC
3. ground bass
4.
Fugue