Quality is said to be the ability of a product or service to meet
the customers needs. It then stands to reason that Total Quality
Management is the management of the entire organisation to excel
in all aspects of products and services that are important to the
customer. As such, the quality emphasis flows through the entire
organisation from supplier to the customer, requiring a never-ending
process of continuous improvement.
Total Quality Management tools help operations managers to
identify, analyse as well as assess quantitative and qualitative
information that is relevant to the business. These tools can identify
procedures, statistics, ideas, cause and effect concerns and other
issues important to the organisation.
FLOW CHART
Definition
The flowchart has been around since the 1920s and was created by
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. They were initially created to “describe
computer algorithms” but have today evolved to be used to
demonstrate “a variety of business workflows and processes.”
It is also said to be a representation of a flow of information
arranged to show the solution to a task (through a step-by-step or
algorithmic approach). A flowchart illustrates the process or steps
as boxes of various kinds in a specified order with connected boxes
and arrows.
Uses
A flowchart is significant in its use in that it provides a breakdown of
the process by showing the initial steps(s), possible intermediary
steps and subsequent outcome(s).
The tasks are organised in such a way that that the information
displayed is chronological and can be identified by type (eg. date,
process, decision among other classifications).
A flowchart has to be distinctly readable and this is the most
important aspect of the display. The higher or clearer the readability,
the better it is for the information to be understood as a visual
representation/description of the process. If it is not readable in a
clear way, it may become complicated and cause confusion.
Types/Examples of Flowcharts and Histograms
(Najay’s Portio)
***Not Overstepping Najay. Just had some info I thought was
useful (for examples of flowcharts).
There are various types/examples of flowcharts:
https://nulab.com/learn/strategy-and-planning/flowchart-guide/#:~:te
xt=Flowcharts%20have%20been%20around%20since,Engineers%
20(ASME)%20in%201921.
References
https://www.aicpa-cima.com/resources/article/quality-management-t
ools-tqm-six-sigma-cost-of-quality-and-efqm
What is histogram (From Marcia Green)
A histogram is used to summarize discrete or continuous data. In other words, it provides
a visual interpretation of numerical data by showing the number of data
points that fall within a specified range of values (called “bins”). It is like a
vertical bar graph. However, a histogram, unlike a vertical bar graph, shows
no gaps between the bars.
Parts of a Histogram
1.
The title: The title describes the information included in the
histogram.
2.
X-axis: The X-axis are intervals that show the scale of values
which the measurements fall under.
3.
Y-axis: The Y-axis shows the number of times that the values
occurred within the intervals set by the X-axis.
4.
The bars: The height of the bar shows the number of times that
the values occurred within the interval, while the width of the bar
shows the interval that is covered. For a histogram with equal
bins, the width should be the same across all bars.
Importance of a Histogram
Creating a histogram provides a visual representation of data distribution.
Histograms can display a large amount of data and the frequency of the
data values. The median and distribution of the data can be determined by
a histogram. In addition, it can show any outliers or gaps in the data.
Histogram - Examples, Types, and How to Make Histograms (corporatefinanceinstitute.com)