UNIVERSITAS JEMBER KODE FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DOKUMEN PRODI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER FORM PP-05 LEMBAR KERJA MAHASISWA Dosen Pengampu Mata kuliah : dr. Pulong Wijang P., Ph.D Pokok Bahasan : Journal Reading 1: Agromedicine GIT Disorder Model Pembelajaran : PBL (Problem Based Learning) IDENTITAS MAHASISWA Nama / NIM / Kelas Vanya Oxalita Asan Putri / 202010101015 / Tutorial N Pertemuan Ke 1 Hari / Tanggal Selasa / 08 Maret 2022 BAHAN DISKUSI Make an ‘Article Review’ Terms of Work: 1. Choose 1 out of 4 the article above 2. Write the review Write a review in accordance with the provisions that have been set Further explanation in the next slide 3. Upload the review by set date (March 17, 2022 23:59 WIB) to the MMP HASIL DISKUSI Article Review Title : Risk factors for inguinal hernia in adult male Nigerians: A case control study. Authors : J.A. Ashindoitiang, N.A. Ibrahim, O.O. Akinlolu. Journal : International Journal of Surgery, Vol 10, Number 7, June 2012, 364-367. Publisher : Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherland. Summary This article evaluates selected risk factors for the development of inguinal hernia in Nigerian adult men in a hospital based case control study. The goal is to assist appropriate preventive measures for early detection and treatment. Theoretical Perspective This article takes a theoretical perspective of social identity. This article explores important risk factors for inguinal hernia in an adult male population in Nigeria, West Africa. This is because only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the risk factors of this disease, mostly among Caucasians and Asians. Important Concepts An inguinal hernia is the most common of the abdominal wall hernia and is more common in adult men. An inguinal hernia can cause a bulge in the groin area but can also cause pain, even bowel obstruction. Groin surgery is one of the most common surgeries in general surgery. When compared with inguinal hernias in Europe, inguinal hernias in Africa show a larger size and longer duration of symptoms. It has researched weak health systems, especially in rural areas of the continent. Family history of inguinal hernia is the most important risk factor for developing inguinal hernia in patients in several African hospitals. Method The authors use social science research methods (ethnography). All male patients aged 18 years and above who presented with primary inguinal hernia at the general surgical clinic of Ikorodu General Hospital between April 2009 and March 2011 were enrolled in the study as cases. A total of 404 male patients were interviewed. A total of 202 who had an inguinal hernia were cases, while the remaining 202 were controls. The age range for the cases was 1680 years old with an average age of 47,34. Interviews discussed common risk factors, such as smoking habits, presence or absence of chronic cough/COAD, constipation/straining during bowel movements, straining during urination, family history of inguinal hernia, and obesity. The researcher also categorizes the participants into 2 groups; those involved in strenuous activities and those who were not (page 365). Insights from The Research Insights from researchers include: 1. Inguinal hernia is caused by many factors, both significant and not (page 365). 2. Genetic factors may play a role in the development of hernias. Impaired collagen metabolism contributes to the high recurrence rate after hernia repair (page 365). 3. It has been found that 20% of adults have a patent processus vaginalis and this predisposes to inguinal hernia in the presence of precipitating factors such as increased intra-abdominal pressure (page 365). 4. There is a higher risk of inguinal hernia in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (page 366). Main Findings The research reports three main findings (page 365). 1. Increasing age causes atrophy of the body's muscles so that there is an increased risk of hernia formation (page 365). 2. A family history of inguinal hernia and heavy activity are also a significant risk factor (page 365). 3. Straining during bowel movements or urination, chronic cough due to COAD, obesity, and smoking are not significant risk factors for inguinal hernia (page 366). Discussion Inguinal hernia is mostly a male disease and its incidence increases with age due to atrophy of the abdominal muscles which results in an increased risk of hernia formation. A positive family history of inguinal hernia was a significant risk factor for inguinal hernia in this study. In addition to being a significant risk factor for the development of inguinal hernia, a positive family history also predicts inguinal hernia recurrence after repair. Genetic factors may also play a role in the development of hernias due to impaired collagen metabolism. In addition to family history, strenuous work activity is also a significant risk factor for the development of inguinal hernia. Strenuous work activities such as lifting heavy weights can increase intra-abdominal pressure which causes damage to the transverse fascial fibers. Not only significant factors were found in this study. The non-significant factors in inguinal hernia are straining during defecation or urination, chronic cough due to COAD, obesity, and smoking which causes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Evaluation The evaluation that I can give to this scientific article is as follows. 1. In the article, it does not explain in more detail about inguinal hernia, only in general and focuses more on risk factors. It's best if it can be explained so that readers can understand what an inguinal hernia is. 2. Randomly selected control subjects were not presented further from what age range to how much. It might be better if it can be added so that readers can easily compare with the subject of the case. 3. In more detail explaining the significant risk factors only, does not explain further how the risk factors are not significant. It would be better if it could be added so that the reader can easily understand why only two factors are significant in inguinal hernias. References Abramson, J. H., J. Gofin, C. Hopp, A. Makler, dan L. M. Epstein. 1978. The epidemiology of inguinal hernia. a survey in western jerusalem. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 32(1):59–67 Cheek, C. M., P. Primatesta, dan N. Goldacre. 1997. Inguinal hernia repair: incidence of elective and emergency surgery, readmission and mortality (multiple letters.) [2]. International Journal of Epidemiology. 26(2):459–461. Mbah, N. 2007. Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Inguinal Hernia in Northwestern Nigeria. West African Journal of Medicine. 2007. Yılmaz, S., E. O. Calikoglu, dan Z. Kosan. 2019. For an uncommon neurosurgical emergency in a developing country. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 22:1070–1077.
