ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
ENVIRONMENT – is the sum total of abiotic and biotic elements that affects the human life.
ABIOTIC ELEMENTS – non living things. (water, land, sunlight, rocks and air)
BIOTIC ELEMENTS – living things. (animals, plants, fishes and birds)
RENEWABLE RESOURCES – resources that are never exhausted or depleted with their
continuous use. (water, trees, fishes and birds)
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES – resources which get exhausted with their continuous use.
(coal, petroleum and iron ore)
SCIENCE - is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and
social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.
ECOLOGY - is the study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them.
1. POPULATION ECOLOGY – study of how population grow.
2. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY – study of how population interact with each other.
3. ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY – study of how population interact with their physical
environment
4. CONSERVATION ECOLOGY – branch of ecology which deals with the preservation and
management of biodiversity and natural resources.
BIOLOGY – is the study of life or living things.
1. ZOOLOGY – study of animals.
● PROTOZOOLOGY – study of protozoa
● ICHTHYOLOGY – study of fish
● MAMMALOGY – study of mammals
● ORNITHOLOGY – study of birds
● ENTOMOLOGY – study of insects
● HERPETOLOGY – study of amphibians and reptiles
2. BOTANY – study of plants
● TAXONOMY – study of giving plants name
● ANATOMY – study of plants structures
● PATHOLOGY – study of plants diseases
● GENETICS – study of heredity
● PHYSIOLOGY – study of plant metabolism
● ECOLOGY – study of plant distribution
● PALAEOLOGY – study of plants evolution
● EMBRYOLOGY – study of plants origin and formation
● MORPHOLOGY – study of plants external formation
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
● HISTOLOGY – study of plant microscopic examination
3. MICROBIOLOGY – study of microscopic organisms.
⮚ PURE SCIENCE
✔ IMMUNOLOGY – study of immune system.
✔ BACTERIOLOGY – study of bacteria.
✔ MYCOLOGY – study of fungi.
✔ GENETICS
✔ PROTOZOOLOGY
✔ PARASITOLOGY – study of parasites.
✔ ALGOLOGY – study of algae.
⮚ APPLIED SCIENCE
✔ EPIDEMIOLOGY – study of disease occurrence.
✔ MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY – study of microorganisms.
✔ AIR MICROBIOLOGY – study of microorganisms in the air.
✔ PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY ✔ AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY
✔ INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
✔ AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
✔ FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
✔ SOIL MICROBIOLOGY
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ANATOMY
MORPHOLOGY
CELL BIOLOGY – study of structures and functions of cells.
HISTOLOGY
GENETICS
PHYSIOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
10. TAXONOMY
11. EMBRYOLOGY
12. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY – interactions between organisms and their environment
13. PALEONTOLOGY – study of fossils.
14. PARASITOLOGY
15. SOCIOBIOLOGY – study of social behavior of animals.
16. BIOTECHNOLOGY – practical application of living organisms.
17. IMMUNOLOGY –
18. PHARMACOLOGY – study of drugs and their effects on the system of the human body.
19. ENTOMOLOGY
20. BIOPHYSICS
21. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
22. BIOMATHEMATICS
23. BIOCHEMISTRY
24. BIOECONOMICS
25. BIOGEOGRAPHY
CHEMISTRY – study of matter.
● ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – ‘chemistry of life’ structures, properties, and reactions of organic
compounds.
● INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – noncarbon chemical compounds or those that do not contain
carbon hydrogen bonds.
● PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – physical properties of chemical compounds using law and
various concepts of Physics.
● ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY – identification, separation and qualification of chemical
substances.
● BIOCHEMISTRY – biological structure, composition and chemical reactions at the cellular
and molecular level.
● ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY – biochemical processes that occur in the natural
environment.
● INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY –
● POLYMER CHEMISTRY – polymers and macromolecules
● NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY – nuclear reactions.
● GEOCHEMISTRY – in-depth study of Earth systems and ES.
● AGROCHEMISTRY, ASTROCHEMISTRY, COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, FORESIC CHEMISTRY,
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, PETROCHEMISTRY,
PHYTOCHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY, STEREOCHEMISTRY,
SURFACE CHEMISTRY, THERMOCHEMISTRY AND QUANTUM CHEMISTRY.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
OCEANOGRAPHY – is the study of physical, chemical and biological features of the ocean.
● BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY – ecology and biology of marine organisms.
● CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY – study of the seawater properties and its changes.
(geochemical cycles)
● GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY – study of the geology of the ocean.
● PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY – study of the physical attributes including
temperature-salinity structure, mixing, surface waves, internal waves, surface tides,
internal tides and currents.
● PALEOCEANOGRAPHY – history of the ocean.
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE – Earth’s atmosphere.
● METEOROLOGY – study of weather
● CLIMATOLOGY – study of long-term atmospheric patterns.
● AERONOMY – Physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere.