ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
ENVIRONMENT – is the sum total of abiotic and biotic elements that affects the human life.
ABIOTIC ELEMENTS – non living things. (water, land, sunlight, rocks and air)
BIOTIC ELEMENTS – living things. (animals, plants, fishes and birds)
RENEWABLE RESOURCES – resources that are never exhausted or depleted with their
continuous use. (water, trees, fishes and birds)
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES – resources which get exhausted with their continuous use.
(coal, petroleum and iron ore)
SCIENCE - is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and
social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.
ECOLOGY - is the study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them.
1. POPULATION ECOLOGY – study of how population grow.
2. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY – study of how population interact with each other.
3. ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY – study of how population interact with their physical
environment
4. CONSERVATION ECOLOGY – branch of ecology which deals with the preservation and
management of biodiversity and natural resources.
BIOLOGY – is the study of life or living things.
1. ZOOLOGY – study of animals.
 PROTOZOOLOGY – study of protozoa
 ICHTHYOLOGY – study of fish
 MAMMALOGY – study of mammals
 ORNITHOLOGY – study of birds
 ENTOMOLOGY – study of insects
 HERPETOLOGY – study of amphibians and reptiles
2. BOTANY – study of plants
 TAXONOMY – study of giving plants name
 ANATOMY – study of plants structures
 PATHOLOGY – study of plants diseases
 GENETICS – study of heredity
 PHYSIOLOGY – study of plant metabolism
 ECOLOGY – study of plant distribution
 PALAEOLOGY – study of plants evolution
 EMBRYOLOGY – study of plants origin and formation
 MORPHOLOGY – study of plants external formation
 HISTOLOGY – study of plant microscopic examination
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
3. MICROBIOLOGY – study of microscopic organisms.
 PURE SCIENCE
 IMMUNOLOGY – study of immune system.
 BACTERIOLOGY – study of bacteria.
 MYCOLOGY – study of fungi.
 GENETICS
 PROTOZOOLOGY
 PARASITOLOGY – study of parasites.
 ALGOLOGY – study of algae.
 APPLIED SCIENCE
 EPIDEMIOLOGY – study of disease occurrence.
 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY – study of microorganisms.
 AIR MICROBIOLOGY – study of microorganisms in the air.
 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY  AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY
 INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
 AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
 SOIL MICROBIOLOGY
4. ANATOMY
5. MORPHOLOGY
6. CELL BIOLOGY – study of structures and functions of cells.
7. HISTOLOGY
8. GENETICS
9. PHYSIOLOGY
10. TAXONOMY
11. EMBRYOLOGY
12. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY – interactions between organisms and their environment
13. PALEONTOLOGY – study of fossils.
14. PARASITOLOGY
15. SOCIOBIOLOGY – study of social behavior of animals.
16. BIOTECHNOLOGY – practical application of living organisms.
17. IMMUNOLOGY –
18. PHARMACOLOGY – study of drugs and their effects on the system of the human body.
19. ENTOMOLOGY
20. BIOPHYSICS
21. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
22. BIOMATHEMATICS
23. BIOCHEMISTRY
24. BIOECONOMICS
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
25. BIOGEOGRAPHY
CHEMISTRY – study of matter.











ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – ‘chemistry of life’ structures, properties, and reactions of
organic compounds.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – noncarbon chemical compounds or those that do not contain
carbon hydrogen bonds.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – physical properties of chemical compounds using law and
various concepts of Physics.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY – identification, separation and qualification of chemical
substances.
BIOCHEMISTRY – biological structure, composition and chemical reactions at the cellular
and molecular level.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY – biochemical processes that occur in the natural
environment.
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY –
POLYMER CHEMISTRY – polymers and macromolecules
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY – nuclear reactions.
GEOCHEMISTRY – in-depth study of Earth systems and ES.
AGROCHEMISTRY, ASTROCHEMISTRY, COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, FORESIC
CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY,
PETROCHEMISTRY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY,
STEREOCHEMISTRY, SURFACE CHEMISTRY, THERMOCHEMISTRY AND QUANTUM
CHEMISTRY.
OCEANOGRAPHY – is the study of physical, chemical and biological features of the ocean.





BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY – ecology and biology of marine organisms.
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY – study of the seawater properties and its changes.
(geochemical cycles)
GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY – study of the geology of the ocean.
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY – study of the physical attributes including temperaturesalinity structure, mixing, surface waves, internal waves, surface tides, internal tides and
currents.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY – history of the ocean.
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE – Earth’s atmosphere.



METEOROLOGY – study of weather
CLIMATOLOGY – study of long-term atmospheric patterns.
AERONOMY – Physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE