!" # $! $!# $%&' # Preface …………………………………………………………………. 1 Ch.1 …………………………………………………………………. 2 Ch.2 …………………………………………………………………. 7 Ch.3 …………………………………………………………………. 14 Ch.4 …………………………………………………………………. 17 Ch.5 …………………………………………………………………. 32 Ch.6 …………………………………………………………………. 37 Ch.7 …………………………………………………………………. 58 Ch.8 …………………………………………………………………. 84 Ch.9 …………………………………………………………………. 93 Ch.10 …………………………………………………………………. 110 Appendix A (How to run a program)………………… .. 112 Appendix B ( Some useful procedure)………………… 117 · · · · · · · ! " " # $ % &' # ( ! ) *+# % &' ,+ - # . ! ! ,+ # / " # ( 0 % 12+ / &' 3 3 $ % &' % % 12+ " # 4 -5 6 · 7 · 8 # # · 2 ·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· @ % · ·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` .L C= " " " <= C= ( C=:5 : " L " I I I <=: : 52 92 _52` _52? ` #8 @ 9@X * 8O ( 8+2 P #1 8, I 5C I 1C ( I 52 92 I C O 8 2@ _52` I O 8 2@ 9@X _5C`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a C 5C 5C I < O<&*, &>@ < 1 2 * 8< G, ,>8XO<&*, 9@ 95 &>1 5C G 2 O<&*, ,>8XO<&*, 2 2 C 2 2 8& ,@ , 8X9@ ,>82 " 4 8&92* QX9@ 2+9< C 2+9< 9& I < I 8* &>@ < * * 895 I 8* &>@ < * 2* 2 2 9& 2 2 C ,@ 8&92* QX9@ 2 1 >, M9& = 5,S&> 7 9@ &>S M&>2+@ 1C=a 7 1< @ 8&92* Q < * ,>82 6 @ $ " 5 O O , " 6 -$ ( (78 2, ( 39: ;:3;;<