The Philippine Constitution (Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Republic of
the Philippines
When was the Constitution ratified? February 2, 1987
When was the country's independence? June 12, 1898
What is the Latin term for preamble? Preambulare means "to walk before"
What is Article III? The Bill of Rights
Natural Rights- Possessed by every citizen without being granted by the State Examples: the
right to live
Constitutional Rights- Conferred and protected by the Constitution. They cannot be modified or
taken away by the laws-making body.
Political Rights- The citizens with the power to participate , directly or indirectly, in
the establishment or administration of the government.
Civil Rights- enforced by law at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of securing to
them the enjoyment of their means of happiness.
Social and Economic Rights- intended to ensure the well- being and economic security of the
individual.
Rights of the Accused- intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime.
Statutory Rights- provided by laws promulgated by the law-making body and may be abolished
by the same body.
Section 1- Under the Bill of Rights- No one shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without
due process of law, and no one shall be denied equal protection under the law.
Section 2- The right of persons to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature for any purpose shall be inviolable ,
Section 3- The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court,
Section 4- No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech,
Section 5- No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion,
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
Section 6- The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law
shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel
Section 7- The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be
recognized.
Section 8- The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to
form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Section 9- Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
Article IV: Citizenship- denotes membership of a permanent character in a political community.
Jus sanguinis- under this principle a child follows the nationality or citizenship of the parents,
regardless of the place of birth.
Jus soli- a child's citizenship is determined by the place of birth.
Naturalization- refers to an act whereby person acquires a citizenship different from that person's
citizenship at birth
What are the Duties and Obligation of a Citizen
To be loyal to the Republic
To defend the State.
To contribute to the development and welfare of the State.
To uphold the constitution and obey the laws.
To cooperate with the duly constituted authorities.
To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of
others.
To engage in gainful work
To register and vote.
Article V: Suffrage- the right and obligation of a qualified citizens to vote in the election of
certain national and local officials of the government
Election- a political exercise whereby the sovereign people choose a candidate to fill up an
elective government position.
Plebiscite- a political right of sovereign people to ratify or reject constitutional amendments or
proposed laws.
Referendum- the right reserved to the people to adopt or reject any act of measure which has
been passed by a legislative body and which in most cases would , without action on the part of
the electors , becomes a law.
Initiative- the power of the people to propose bills and laws and to enact or reject them at the
polls , independent of the legislative assembly.
Recall- a system by which an elective official is removed by popular vote the end of his term.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491- AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL
FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT- OF- ARMS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND
DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES.
Military- shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces
of the Philippines including the Philippine National Police,
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the
Bureau of Fire Protection;
"Festoon"- shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration;
"Flag"- shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;
"Fly"- the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;
"Half-Mast"- lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff;
Hoist- the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which the halyard is attached;
"Inclement Weather"- shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality;
"Official Residences"- shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned structures
"Places of Frivolty"-shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment
or recreation;
Section 4:-The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white, and red with an eight-rayed goldenyellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the people.
SECTION 5-The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences public plazas,
and institutions of learning every day throughout the year.
SECTION 13-When displayed with another flag, the Philippine flag shall be on the right of the
other flag. If there is a line of other flags, the Philippine flag shall be in the middle of the line.
SECTION 15- The flag shall be RAISED AT SUNRISE and LOWERED AT SUNSET. It shall
be on the mast at the start of official' office hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.
SECTION 23. half-mast- The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all
buildings and places
SECTION 24. CASKET- The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the
military, veterans of previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who have rendered
distinguished service to the nation,
SECTION 25. Ako ay Filipino- Pledge to the Flag
When is the Flag Days? The period from May 28 to June 12
What are the Specifications of the National Flag?- SECTION 27: The width of the flag, 1; the
length of the flag, 2; and the sides of the white triangle, 1.
SECTION 28- The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable
No. 80001 the red color, Cable No. 80108; and the golden
yellow, Cable No. 80068.
What is the national motto? "MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO,
MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA."