MYTHOLOGY & FOLKLORE Prepared by: Armodia, Dhana Mae Banzon, Blue Justine Batucan, Oradhell Beduya, Ma. Nina Calzada, Cristian Jay GREEK and ROMAN PANTHEONS Learning Outcomes: Within one-hour discussion, the BSEDEnglish 3 students should have done the following with 80% of accuracy: a. explain the mythological figures in Greek and Roman mythology, including Primordial, Titans and Olympian gods and goddesses; b. differentiate the parallels between Greek and Roman mythology deities by recognizing their differences; and c. trace and comprehend the intricate family tree of the Greek gods and goddesses. THE OLYMPIANS AND THEIR ROMAN COUNTERPARTS NAME Greek name: ZEUS Roman name: JUPITER or JOVE GREEK ROMAN - The supreme ruler. - He is the lord of the sky, the rain-god and the cloud-gatherer, who wielded the thunderbolt. - The God of thunder and lightning. - Son of the Titans: Cronus and Rhea, and married his sister Hera. Together, they had three children. - One of the Roman Principal Divinities. - He was the god of light, sun and moon and of celestial phenomenal wind, rain, thunder tempest, and lightning. - He is the great protector of the city and the state. - He symbolized the great virtues of justice, good faith, and honor, he protected the youth. NAME Greek name: HERA Roman name: JUNO GREEK ROMAN - She was Zeus’s wife and sister. - She was the protector of marriage, and married women were her peculiar care. - She is the goddess of marriage, childbirth and fertility. - Although she is often depicted as reserved and calm, she repeatedly sought revenge for Zeus’ many affairs with mortal and immortal women, punishing them and their offspring. - One of the Roman Principal Divinities. - Sister and consort of Jupiter. - She was the great italic goddess. - She was the feminine symbol of celestial light the moon-goddess. - She was the goddess of childbirth. - Occupied an important part in ceremonies of marriage. - Protected the pregnant wife, strengthened the bones of an infant, and assured the NAME Greek name: POSEIDON Roman name: NEPTUNE GREEK ROMAN - God of the sea, horses and earthquakes. - Often shown driving a chariot of horses or sea creatures and wielding the trident he used to control the waves. - As his brothers Zeus and Hades rule the skies and the underworld, Poseidon was given control of the sea and protected sailors and seafarers. - Neptune is the god of the sea and water, just as Poseidon is in Greek. - He is also associated with freshwater and horses. - Neptune is often depicted with a trident, which is his signature weapon and symbol, much like Poseidon's trident in Greek. NAME Greek name: ARES Roman name: MARS GREEK ROMAN - The god of war. - The son of Zeus and Hera, Ares' Greek counterpart was the god of bloodlust and violent warfare. His halfsister Athena represented the more 'noble' aspects of civil conduct during war. Although he was unpopular with the other gods of the classical pantheon, with the exception of his lover Aphrodite, Ares was particularly admired in Sparta as the ideal soldier. - One of the Roman Principal Divinities. - God of war. - He was also considered the father of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome, according to Roman mythology. NAME Greek name: ATHENA Roman name: MINERVA GREEK - Ares' half-sister is the Greek goddess Athena. - Goddess of reason, handicraft, wisdom, and war. - She was the gurdian of town and cities, the patron of architecture, sculpture, and the art of spinning and weaving. - She is the daughter of Zeus and according to legend, sprang fully grown from his forehead, dressed in armour. - One of the three ROMAN - One of the Roman Principal Divinities. - The protectress of commerce, industry and of schools. - Through out the Roman Empire, she was venerated. NAME Greek name: DEMETER Roman name: CERES GREEK ROMAN - The goddess of agriculture and the harvest and is often depicted with crops such as barley and wheat, or a cornucopia of produce. - She represented the fertile and cultivated soil. - Demeter also presided over the fertility of the earth and the natural cycle of life and death. - She was the mother of Persephone who was abducted by Hades. - Goddess of agriculture and civilization. - Did not figure prominently in Roman life and religion. NAME GREEK ROMAN Greek name: APOLLO - Apollo is the only god in the classical pantheon to share the same name in both Greek and Roman traditions. - The twin brother of Artemis or Diana. - Apollo has many associations including the sun, music, archery, prophecy and healing. - The god of light, a sun-god but not the sun itself. - Apollo was associated with the sun and was often depicted as a radiant and youthful god who brought light and warmth. Roman name: APOLLO NAME Greek name: ARTEMIS Roman name: DIANA GREEK ROMAN - Apollo's twin sister Artemis, was the goddess of the hunt, wild animals, chastity and childbirth. - She is often shown with a stag or hunting dog, and you can recognize her as the only goddess who wears a shorter dress, with the hem lifted and tied with a belt so she could run with ease. - She is one of the three virgin goddesses, along with Hestia and Athena. - The goddess of wild animals, the hunt, and vegetation and of chastity and childbirth. - Along with ceres, Diana did not figure prominently in Roman life and religion. NAME Greek name: APHRODITE Roman name: VENUS GREEK ROMAN - Goddess of love and beauty. - Aphrodite is said to have emerged from the white foam generated when the Titan Cronos threw the severed testicles of his father, Uranus, into the sea. - Although Aphrodite was married to Hephaestus, the master blacksmith, she had multiple affairs including with the god Ares. - Goddess of love, beauty and fertility. - In Roman mythology, she was the ancestor of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. NAME Greek name: HEPHAESTUS Roman name: VULCAN GREEK ROMAN - Aphrodite's husband was Hephaestus, the god of fire, a master blacksmith and craftsman to the gods. - He made weapons and tools for the gods and select mortals – like Hermes' helmet and winged sandals, Achilles' armour, and Aeneas' shield. - Son of Hera and Zeus. - God of thunderbolt and of the sun, then became the god of fires whose ravages he could arrest. - Became the god of life-giving warmth. NAME Greek name: HERMES Roman name: MERCURY GREEK - The messenger of the gods was Hermes. - God of travellers. - He could travel quickly between divine and mortal worlds with his winged sandals and was responsible for transporting souls to the underworld. - He was also the patron god of merchants and thieves. ROMAN - God of merchants. - He presided over messages and commerce and watched over tradesmen’s profits. NAME Greek name: HESTIA Roman name: VESTA GREEK - One of the three virgin goddesses, along with Athena and Artemis. - The virgin Goddess of the hearth, home and cooking. - The sister of Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera and Demeter and the oldest of the Olympians. ROMAN - Goddess of fire. - Vesta was the most beautiful of Roman divinities, bright and pure like the flame which is her symbol. NAME Greek name: HADES Roman name: PLUTO GREEK - The God of the underworld, the dead, and the riches. - Although an Olympian, Hades preferred the Underworld and rarely left his kingdom. - Married to Persephone, daughter of Demeter, whom he abducted and carried down to the Underworld. ROMAN - Pluto is also the ruler of the Underworld and is responsible for the souls of the deceased. OTHER ROMAN PRINCIPAL DIVINITIES NAME SATURN ROMAN DESCRIPTION -Saturn was a very ancient agricultural divinity of Roman origin. His name was synonymous with “abundance”. He was a working god, a vine-grower; he saw to the manuring of the fields. NAME JANUS ROMAN DESCRIPTION - The God who had two faces who looked in different directions. One face looked into the past while the other looked into the future; he could observe the interior and exterior of a house simultaneously. SOME MINOR ROMAN DIVINITIES NAME FAUNUS ROMAN DESCRIPTION - Faunus was Saturn’s grandson. He was the god of the woods and pastures and the protector of the shepherds and their flocks and is thus an agricultural divinity. Faunus was half man and half goat, a satyr, associated with the wilderness, living in caves, and mountain slopes, and in other lonely places. NAME ROMAN DESCRIPTION LARES AND PENATES - The most revered god of the family was the Lar, who was the spirit of an ancestor. A family also had several Penates, gods of the hearth and guardians of the storehouse. NAME TERMINUS ROMAN DESCRIPTION - Played a very important role for he watched over property and presided the fixing of boundaries. - He was depicted as column of stone surmounted by a human head. THANK YOU!
