Spoken Genres
• Academic Listening
• Note-taking methods
• Academic speaking
Tursunova Yo Rajabova M Tashanova G
Academic listening
Academic Listening
- phonology
- syntax
- semantics
- pragmatics
- body language
Bottom-up processing
- auditory signals
- visual signals
Top-down processing
- construct meanings from the input
Functions of lectures
>> informing
>> elaborating
>> evaluating
>> organizing discourse
>> interacting
>> managing the class
Problems students often face:
>> speech rate
>> accent
>> pronunciation
>> structure
>> engagement
>> cultural differences
Note-taking
Method
s
what is
Note_taking
High level of top-down process skill
Cognitive task
Retain and save time
Extremely complex
Benefits
1.Producta)enables storage of the information
b)providing a record for recall and subsequent
study.
2.Processa)focuse on student’s attention
b)deeper process w ith
analysis,
selection,
organization of the information
Most frequent activity
• re-reading the notes after
• lecture
• in preparation
• an examinations
• assignment
but
• rewrite notes
List of methods
Sentence
The outline
Flow-based
Education
TheCornell
the Boxing
TheMapping
The T
The Chartinga
The QEC
QA Split-page
Rapid logging
Box and Bullet
The Outline
Sentence
Flow-Based
The Cornell
The Boxing
Mind-Mapping
The Charting
The T Notes
QEC
Rapid Logging
Boxing & Bullet
QA Split-Page
Academic Speaking
ACADEMIC SPEAKING
Many academic contexts require speaking not only listening.
Spoken discourse is produced in real time. So we should give
our attention to fluency in our speech.
Academic speech events divided 2 types:
MONOLOGUE AND DIALOGUE
MONOLOGUE- where
are single person speaks
out
Dialogue- is when there are two or
more people who engage in a
communication.
Most important spoken genre for undergraduates, the
conference present is of great concern for graduates.
Its important to make a good first impressions, it can be
difficult to get started for L2.
They should know how introductions are structured.
There are 3 MOVES:
1.Establish rapport with their audience announcing
their topic
2. gives background information necessary to
understand of the talk
3. Give research examples
MULTIMODALITY
It is used different modes of communication:
Spoken
Written
Visuals
Body language
Speakers have to learn how to handle them to achieve their purpose.
FOR EXAMPLE
Use of spoken mode can precede the presentation of a visuals, as when
presenter makes a point.
May occur with eye contact and gesture to explain or draw attention to the
visuals. It will help if they use visuals during their speech.
Giving presentation is an important skill, they can able to give speech with
two or more participants. And also during their Presentation they compete
with each others. They give attention to everything, fluency and vocabulary