TERMOTABLO

TERMODİNAMİK I-II DERSİ İÇİN TABLO VE DİYAGRAMLAR (Tables and Diagrams for Thermodynamics I-II) 2023-YENİ BASKI Final PDF to printer P R O P E R T Y TA B L E S A N D CHARTS (SI UNITS) Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties 882 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases 883 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods 886 Saturated water—Temperature table 888 Saturated water—Pressure table 890 Superheated water 892 Compressed liquid water 896 Saturated ice–water vapor 897 T-s diagram for water 898 Mollier diagram for water 899 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table 900 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table 902 Superheated refrigerant-134a 903 P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a 905 Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility charts 906 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude 907 Ideal-gas properties of air 908 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 910 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 912 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 914 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO 916 Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 918 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O 919 Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O 921 Ideal-gas properties of hydroxyl, OH 921 Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 25°C, 1 atm 922 Table A–27 Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons 923 Table A–28 Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant Kp 924 Figure A–29 Generalized enthalpy departure chart 925 Figure A–30 Generalized entropy departure chart 926 Figure A–31 Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure 927 Table A–32One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an ideal gas with k = 1.4 928 Table A–33One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k = 1.4 929 Table A–34 Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k = 1.4 930 Table A–1 Table A–2 Table A–3 Table A–4 Table A–5 Table A–6 Table A–7 Table A–8 Figure A–9 Figure A–10 Table A–11 Table A–12 Table A–13 Figure A–14 Figure A–15 Table A–16 Table A–17 Table A–18 Table A–19 Table A–20 Table A–21 Table A–22 Table A–23 Table A–24 Table A–25 Table A–26 881 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 881 11/06/17 09:32 AM ÖZELİK TABLOLARI VE DİYAGRAMLAR Tablo A-1 Tablo A-2 Tablo A-3 Tablo A-4 Tablo A-5 Tablo A-6 Tablo A-7 Tablo A-8 Şekil A-9 Şekil A-10 Tablo A-11 Tablo A-12 Tablo A-13 Şekil A-14 Şekil A-15 Tablo A-16 Tablo A-17 Tablo A-18 Tablo A-19 Mol kütlesi, gaz sabiti ve kritik-nokta özelikleri Bilinen bazı gazların ideal-gaz özgül ısıları Bilinen bazı sıvı, katı ve yiyeceklerin özelikleri Doymuş su—Sıcaklık tablosu Doymuş su—Basınç tablosu Kızgın su buharı Sıkıştırılmış sıvı su Doymuş buz—su buharı Suyun T-s diyagramı Suyun Mollier diyagramı Doymuş soğutucu akışkan-134a— Sıcaklık tablosu Doymuş soğutucu akışkan-134a—Basınç tablosu Kızgın soğutucu akışkan-134a Soğutucu akışkan-134a’nın P-h diyagramı Nelson-Obert’in genelleştirilmiş sıkıştırılabilirlik diyagramı Yüksek seviyelerde atmosferin özelikleri Havanın ideal-gaz varsayımıyla özelikleri N2, Azotun ideal gaz varsayımıyla O2, Oksijenin ideal gaz varsayımıyla özelikleri Tablo A-20 Tablo A-21 Tablo A-22 Tablo A-23 Tablo A-24 Tablo A-25 Tablo A-26 Tablo A-27 Tablo A-28 Şekil A-29 Şekil A-30 Şekil A-31 Tablo A-32 Tablo A-33 Tablo A-34 CO2, Karbon dioksitin ideal gaz varsayımıyla özelikleri CO, Karbon monoksitin ideal gaz varsayımıyla özelikleri H2, Hidrojenin ideal gaz varsayımıyla özelikleri H2O, Su buharının ideal gaz varsayımıyla özelikleri O, Tek atomlu oksijenin ideal gaz varsayımıyla özelikleri OH, Hidroksilin ideal gaz varsayımıyla özelikleri 25°C sıcaklık ve 1 atm basınçta Oluşum entalpisi, oluşum Gibbs fonksiyonu ve mutlak entropi Bilinen bazı yakıtların ve hidrokarbonların özelikleri Kp denge sabitinin doğal logaritması Genelleştirilmiş entalpi sapma diyagramı Genelleştirilmiş entropi sapma diyagramı 1 atm toplam basınç için psikometrik diyagram k 5 1.4 olan bir ideal gaz için birboyutlu, izantropik sıkıştırılabilir akış k 5 1.4 olan bir ideal gaz için birboyutlu normal şok fonksiyonları k 5 1.4 olan bir ideal gaz için Rayleigh akış fonksiyonları B ile verilen TABLO ve ŞEKİLLER Tablo B.1 Kritik Sabitler Tablo B.2 Bazı Katıların ve Sıvıların 25°C için Özelikleri Tablo B.3 Değişik Mükemmel Gazların 25°C için Özelikleri Tablo B.4 Değişik Mükemmel Gazların Sabit-Basınç Özgül Isıları Tablo B.5 Havanın Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri (u, h, so) Tablo B.6 Havanın Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri (Pr, vr) Tablo B.7 Değişik Gazlar için, Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri (u, h, so) Tablo B.8 Değişik Gazların Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri (h-ho) Tablo B.9 Değişik Maddeler için Oluşum Entalpisi ve Mutlak Entropi Tablo B.10 Denge Sabiti K’nın, e Tabanına Göre Logaritması Tablo B.11 Suyun Termodinamik Özelikleri Tablo B.12 Doymuş Su Sıcaklık Tablosu Tablo B.13 Kızgın Su Buharı Tablo B.14 Sıkıştırılmış Sıvı Su Tablo B.15 Doymuş Katı-Doymuş Buhar, Su Tablo B.16 Termodinamik Özelikler, Doymuş Amonyak Tablo B.17 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Amonyak Buharı Tablo B.18 Termodinamik Özelikler, Karbon Dioksit Tablo B.19 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Karbon Dioksit Tablo B.20 Termodinamik Özelikler, R-410A Tablo B.21 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Buhar R-410A Tablo B.22 Termodinamik Özelikler, R-134a Tablo B.23 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Buhar R-134a Tablo B.24 Termodinamik Özelikler, Azot Tablo B.25 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Buhar Azot Tablo B.26 Termodinamik Özelikler, Doymuş Metan Tablo B.27 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Buhar Metan Şekil B.1 Psikrometrik Diyagram Not: B ile verilen tablolar; “https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9780470970751.app2” sitesindeki ve çeşitli ücretsiz kaynaklardaki bilgiler derlenerek oluşturulmuştur. Final PDF to printer 882 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–1 Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties Substance Formula Molar mass, M kg/kmol Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K* Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n-Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodifluoromethane (R–12) Dichlorofluoromethane (R–21) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n-Hexane Hydrogen (normal) Krypton Methane Methyl alcohol Methyl chloride Neon Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxygen Propane Propylene Sulfur dioxide Tetrafluoroethane (R–134a) Trichlorofluoromethane (R–11) Water Xenon — NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCl2F C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H2 Kr CH4 CH3OH CH3Cl Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 SO2 CF3CH2F CCl3F H2O Xe 28.97 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 44.01 28.011 153.82 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.070 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.179 2.016 83.80 16.043 32.042 50.488 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 44.097 42.081 64.063 102.03 137.37 18.015 131.30 0.2870 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1889 0.2968 0.05405 0.1173 0.06964 0.06876 0.08078 0.2765 0.1805 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.09921 0.5182 0.2595 0.1647 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.1298 0.08149 0.06052 0.4615 0.06332 Critical-point properties Temperature, K Pressure, MPa Volume, m3/kmol 132.5 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 304.2 133 556.4 417 536.6 384.7 451.7 305.5 516 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 209.4 191.1 513.2 416.3 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 430.7 374.2 471.2 647.1 289.8 3.77 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.39 3.50 4.56 7.71 5.47 4.01 5.17 4.48 6.38 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 5.50 4.64 7.95 6.68 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 7.88 4.059 4.38 22.06 5.88 0.0883 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.0943 0.0930 0.2759 0.1242 0.2403 0.2179 0.1973 0.1480 0.1673 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0924 0.0993 0.1180 0.1430 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.1217 0.1993 0.2478 0.0560 0.1186 The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kPa·m3/kg·K. The gas constant is calculated from R = Ru/M, where Ru = 8.31447 kJ/kmol·K and M is the molar mass. * TABLO A –1 Mol kütlesi, gaz sabiti ve kritik nokta özelikleri Kimyasal formül Madde cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 882 Mol kütlesi, M kg/kmol Gaz sabiti, R kJ/kg·K* Kritik nokta özelikleri Sıcaklık, K Basınç, MPa Hacim, m3/kmol 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 883 TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (a) At 300 K Gas Formula Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam — Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K cp kJ/kg·K cv kJ/kg·K k 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2968 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615 1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.040 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723 0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 0.744 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108 1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.400 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327 Note: The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kJ/kg·ºC. TABLO A–2 Bilinen bazı gazların mükemmel gaz–özgül ısıları (a) At 300 K Kimyasal formülü Gaz cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 883 Gaz sabiti, R kJ/kg·K cp kJ/kg·K cv kJ/kg·K k 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 884 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued) (b) At various temperatures cp kJ/kg·K Temperature, K 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 cv kJ/kg·K k Air 1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142 0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855 cp kJ/kg·K cv kJ/kg·K 14.051 14.307 14.427 14.476 14.501 14.513 14.530 14.546 14.571 14.604 14.645 14.695 14.822 14.983 9.927 10.183 10.302 10.352 10.377 10.389 10.405 10.422 10.447 10.480 10.521 10.570 10.698 10.859 cp kJ/kg·K 1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181 1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185 0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234 0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045 Nitrogen, N2 1.416 1.405 1.400 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.392 1.390 1.385 1.380 1.039 1.039 1.041 1.044 1.049 1.056 1.065 1.075 1.086 1.098 1.110 1.121 1.145 1.167 0.742 0.743 0.744 0.747 0.752 0.759 0.768 0.778 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.825 0.849 0.870 cv kJ/kg·K k Carbon monoxide, CO Carbon dioxide, CO2 1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336 Hydrogen, H2 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 k 0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888 1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335 Oxygen, O2 1.400 1.400 1.399 1.397 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.371 1.365 1.360 1.349 1.341 0.913 0.918 0.928 0.941 0.956 0.972 0.988 1.003 1.017 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.074 1.090 0.653 0.658 0.668 0.681 0.696 0.712 0.728 0.743 0.758 0.771 0.783 0.794 0.814 0.830 1.398 1.395 1.389 1.382 1.373 1.365 1.358 1.350 1.343 1.337 1.332 1.327 1.319 1.313 k cp kJ/kg·K cv kJ/kg·K k TABLO A–2 Bilinen bazı gazların mükemmel–gaz özgül ısıları (Devamı) (b) Değişik sıcaklıklarda cp kJ/kg·K cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 884 cv kJ/kg·K k cp kJ/kg·K cv kJ/kg·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 885 TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded) (c) As a function of temperature _ c   p = a + bT + cT2+ dT3 (T in K, cp in kJ/kmol·K) Substance Formula Nitrogen Oxygen Air Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrogen dioxide Ammonia Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulfur trioxide Acetylene Benzene Methanol Ethanol Hydrogen chloride Methane Ethane Propane n-Butane i-Butane n-Pentane n-Hexane Ethylene Propylene N2 O2 — H2 CO CO2 H2 O NO N2 O NO2 NH3 S 28.90 −0.1571 × 10 25.48 1.520 × 10−2 28.11 0.1967 × 10−2 29.11 −0.1916 × 10−2 28.16 0.1675 × 10−2 22.26 5.981 × 10−2 32.24 0.1923 × 10−2 29.34 −0.09395 × 10−2 24.11 5.8632 × 10−2 22.9 5.715 × 10−2 27.568 2.5630 × 10−2 27.21 2.218 × 10−2 SO2 SO3 C2H2 C6H6 CH4O C2H6O a b c d % error Temperature range, K Max. Avg. −2 −5 0.8081 × 10 −0.7155 × 10−5 0.4802 × 10−5 0.4003 × 10−5 0.5372 × 10−5 −3.501 × 10−5 1.055 × 10−5 0.9747 × 10−5 −3.562 × 10−5 −3.52 × 10−5 0.99072 × 10−5 −1.628 × 10−5 −9 −2.873 × 10 1.312 × 10−9 −1.966 × 10−9 −0.8704 × 10−9 −2.222 × 10−9 7.469 × 10−9 −3.595 × 10−9 −4.187 × 10−9 10.58 × 10−9 7.87 × 10−9 −6.6909 × 10−9 3.986 × 10−9 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1800 0.59 1.19 0.72 1.01 0.89 0.67 0.53 0.97 0.59 0.46 0.91 0.99 0.34 0.28 0.33 0.26 0.37 0.22 0.24 0.36 0.26 0.18 0.36 0.38 25.78 5.795 × 10−2 −3.812 × 10−5 8.612 × 10−9 273–1800 0.45 0.24 16.40 21.8 −36.22 19.0 19.9 14.58 × 10−2 9.2143 × 10−2 48.475 × 10−2 9.152 × 10−2 20.96 × 10−2 −11.20 × 10−5 −6.527 × 10−5 −31.57 × 10−5 −1.22 × 10−5 −10.38 × 10−5 32.42 × 10−9 18.21 × 10−9 77.62 × 10−9 −8.039 × 10−9 20.05 × 10−9 273–1300 273–1500 273–1500 273–1000 273–1500 0.29 1.46 0.34 0.18 0.40 0.13 0.59 0.20 0.08 0.22 −0.7620 × 10−2 5.024 × 10−2 17.27 × 10−2 30.48 × 10−2 37.15 × 10−2 41.60 × 10−2 45.43 × 10−2 55.22 × 10−2 15.64 × 10−2 23.83 × 10−2 1.327 × 10−5 1.269 × 10−5 −6.406 × 10−5 −15.72 × 10−5 −18.34 × 10−5 −23.01 × 10−5 −22.46 × 10−5 −28.65 × 10−5 −8.344 × 10−5 −12.18 × 10−5 −4.338 × 10−9 −11.01 × 10−9 7.285 × 10−9 31.74 × 10−9 35.00 × 10−9 49.91 × 10−9 42.29 × 10−9 57.69 × 10−9 17.67 × 10−9 24.62 × 10−9 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 0.22 1.33 0.83 0.40 0.54 0.25 0.56 0.72 0.54 0.73 0.08 0.57 0.28 0.12 0.24 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.13 0.17 HCl CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C2H4 C3H6 30.33 19.89 6.900 −4.04 3.96 −7.913 6.774 6.938 3.95 3.15 TABLO A–2 Bilinen bazı gazların mükemmel–gaz ısıları (Devam) (c) Sıcaklığın fonksiyonu olarak _ cp 5 a 1 bT 1 cT 2 1 dT 3 Madde Kimyasal formülü cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 885 a b c d Sıcaklık aralığı, K % hata Maks. Ort. 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 886 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm Substance Normal boiling point, °C Ammonia −33.3 Latent heat of vaporization hfg, kJ/kg 1357 Freezing data Freezing point, °C Latent heat of fusion hif,kJ/kg −77.7 322.4 Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n-Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen Isobutane Kerosene Mercury Methane −185.9 80.2 161.6 394 −189.3 5.5 103.9 −0.5 −78.4* 78.2 78.6 198.1 179.9 −268.9 −252.8 −11.7 204–293 356.7 −161.5 — 385.2 230.5 (at 0°C) 838.3 855 800.1 974 22.8 445.7 367.1 251 294.7 510.4 −17.4 −138.5 −56.6 −114.2 −156 −10.8 18.9 — −259.2 −160 −24.9 −38.9 −182.2 109 108 181.1 200.6 — 59.5 105.7 — 11.4 58.4 Methanol Nitrogen 64.5 −195.8 1100 198.6 −97.7 −210 99.2 25.3 Octane Oil (light) Oxygen Petroleum Propane 124.8 306.3 −57.5 180.7 −183 — −42.1 212.7 230–384 427.8 −218.8 13.7 −187.7 80.0 Refrigerant-134a −26.1 217.0 −96.6 — Water 100 2257 0.0 28 126 — 80.3 333.7 Liquid properties Temperature, °C Density ρ, kg/m3 Specific heat cp, kJ/kg·K −33.3 −20 0 25 −185.6 20 682 665 639 602 1394 879 4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72 20 −0.5 0 25 20 20 20 −268.9 −252.8 −11.7 20 25 −161.5 −100 25 −195.8 −160 20 25 −183 20 −42.1 0 50 −50 −26.1 0 25 0 25 50 75 100 1150 601 298 783 789 1109 1261 146.2 70.7 593.8 820 13,560 423 301 787 809 596 703 910 1141 640 581 529 449 1443 1374 1295 1207 1000 997 988 975 958 3.11 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0 2.28 2.00 0.139 3.49 5.79 2.55 2.06 2.97 2.10 1.80 1.71 2.0 2.25 2.53 3.13 1.23 1.27 1.34 1.43 4.22 4.18 4.18 4.19 4.22 * Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple–point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing–point temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple–point temperature of −56.5°C.) TABLO A–3 Bilinen bazı sıvı, katı ve yiyeceklerin özelikleri (a) Sıvılar 1 atm basınçta kaynama verileri Normal kaynama noktası, °C Madde cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 886 Buharlaşma gizli ısısı hfg , kJ/kg Donma verileri Donma noktası, °C Füzyon gizli ısısı hif , kJ/kg Sıvı özelikleri Sıcaklık, °C Yoğunluk r, kg/m3 Özgül ısı cp, kJ/kg·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 887 TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded) (b) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise) Density, ρ kg/m3 Substance Specific heat, cp kJ/kg·K Metals Density, ρ kg/m3 Substance Specific heat, cp kJ/kg·K Nonmetals Aluminum 200 K 250 K 300 K 350 K 400 K 450 K 500 K Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) 0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 2,700 Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper −173°C −100°C −50°C 0°C 27°C 100°C 200°C Iron Lead Magnesium Nickel Silver Steel, mild Tungsten Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (500°C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex 2110 1922 2300 2300 1000 2420 2700 2230 0.920 0.79 0.960 0.653 0.920 0.616 0.800 0.840 2500 2700 0.711 1.017 800 1.09 921 1650 2600 545 1100 1150 1520 1500 721 513 1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.909 0.880 1.21 1.840 2.009 0.800 0.800 1.26 1.38 8,280 0.400 Graphite Granite 8,310 0.400 Gypsum or plaster board Ice 200 K 220 K 240 K 260 K 273 K Limestone Marble Plywood (Douglas Fir) Rubber (soft) Rubber (hard) Sand Stone Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.) 0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403 0.45 0.128 1.000 0.440 0.235 0.500 0.130 8,900 7,840 11,310 1,730 8,890 10,470 7,830 19,400 (c) Foods Specific heat, kJ/kg·K Food Apples Bananas Beef round Broccoli Butter Cheese, swiss Cherries Chicken Corn, sweet Eggs, whole Ice cream Latent Water heat of content, Freezing Above fusion, Below % (mass) point, °C freezing freezing kJ/kg Specific heat, kJ/kg·K Food Water content, Freezing Above Below % (mass) point, °C freezing freezing Latent heat of fusion, kJ/kg 84 75 67 90 16 −1.1 −0.8 — −0.6 — 3.65 3.35 3.08 3.86 — 1.90 1.78 1.68 1.97 1.04 281 251 224 301 53 Lettuce Milk, whole Oranges Potatoes Salmon fish 95 88 87 78 64 −0.2 −0.6 −0.8 −0.6 −2.2 4.02 3.79 3.75 3.45 2.98 2.04 1.95 1.94 1.82 1.65 317 294 291 261 214 39 80 74 74 74 63 −10.0 −1.8 −2.8 −0.6 −0.6 −5.6 2.15 3.52 3.32 3.32 3.32 2.95 1.33 1.85 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.63 130 267 247 247 247 210 Shrimp Spinach Strawberries Tomatoes, ripe Turkey Watermelon 83 93 90 94 64 93 −2.2 −0.3 −0.8 −0.5 — −0.4 3.62 3.96 3.86 3.99 2.98 3.96 1.89 2.01 1.97 2.02 1.65 2.01 277 311 301 314 214 311 TABLO A–3 Bilinen bazı sıvı, katı ve yiyeceklerin özelikleri (Devamı) (b) Katılar (aksi belirtilmediği sürece değerler oda sıcaklığındadır.) cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 887 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 888 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume, m3/kg Sat. Temp., Press., T °C Psat kPa Internal energy, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. liquid, vf Sat. vapor, vg Sat. liquid, Evap., ufg uf Sat. vapor, ug Sat. liquid, hf Evap., hfg Sat. vapor, hg Sat. liquid, sf Evap., sfg Sat. vapor, sg 0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913 2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4 2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3 0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915 2500.9 2489.1 2477.2 2465.4 2453.5 2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4 0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965 9.1556 8.9487 8.7488 8.5559 8.3696 9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661 0.01 5 10 15 20 0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392 0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002 206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762 25 30 35 40 45 3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953 0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010 43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251 104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43 2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7 2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1 104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44 2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0 2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4 0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386 8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247 8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633 50 55 60 65 70 12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202 0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023 12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396 209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04 2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8 2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9 209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07 2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0 2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1 0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551 7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989 8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540 75 80 85 90 95 38.597 47.416 57.868 70.183 84.609 0.001026 0.001029 0.001032 0.001036 0.001040 4.1291 3.4053 2.8261 2.3593 1.9808 313.99 334.97 355.96 376.97 398.00 2161.3 2146.6 2131.9 2117.0 2102.0 2475.3 2481.6 2487.8 2494.0 2500.1 314.03 335.02 356.02 377.04 398.09 2320.6 2308.0 2295.3 2282.5 2269.6 2634.6 2643.0 2651.4 2659.6 2667.6 1.0158 1.0756 1.1346 1.1929 1.2504 6.6655 6.5355 6.4089 6.2853 6.1647 7.6812 7.6111 7.5435 7.4782 7.4151 100 105 110 115 120 101.42 120.90 143.38 169.18 198.67 0.001043 0.001047 0.001052 0.001056 0.001060 1.6720 1.4186 1.2094 1.0360 0.89133 419.06 440.15 461.27 482.42 503.60 2087.0 2071.8 2056.4 2040.9 2025.3 2506.0 2511.9 2517.7 2523.3 2528.9 419.17 440.28 461.42 482.59 503.81 2256.4 2243.1 2229.7 2216.0 2202.1 2675.6 2683.4 2691.1 2698.6 2706.0 1.3072 1.3634 1.4188 1.4737 1.5279 6.0470 5.9319 5.8193 5.7092 5.6013 7.3542 7.2952 7.2382 7.1829 7.1292 125 130 135 140 145 232.23 270.28 313.22 361.53 415.68 0.001065 0.001070 0.001075 0.001080 0.001085 0.77012 0.66808 0.58179 0.50850 0.44600 524.83 546.10 567.41 588.77 610.19 2009.5 1993.4 1977.3 1960.9 1944.2 2534.3 2539.5 2544.7 2549.6 2554.4 525.07 546.38 567.75 589.16 610.64 2188.1 2173.7 2159.1 2144.3 2129.2 2713.1 2720.1 2726.9 2733.5 2739.8 1.5816 1.6346 1.6872 1.7392 1.7908 5.4956 5.3919 5.2901 5.1901 5.0919 7.0771 7.0265 6.9773 6.9294 6.8827 150 155 160 165 170 476.16 543.49 618.23 700.93 792.18 0.001091 0.001096 0.001102 0.001108 0.001114 0.39248 0.34648 0.30680 0.27244 0.24260 631.66 653.19 674.79 696.46 718.20 1927.4 1910.3 1893.0 1875.4 1857.5 2559.1 2563.5 2567.8 2571.9 2575.7 632.18 653.79 675.47 697.24 719.08 2113.8 2098.0 2082.0 2065.6 2048.8 2745.9 2751.8 2757.5 2762.8 2767.9 1.8418 1.8924 1.9426 1.9923 2.0417 4.9953 4.9002 4.8066 4.7143 4.6233 6.8371 6.7927 6.7492 6.7067 6.6650 175 180 185 190 195 200 892.60 1002.8 1123.5 1255.2 1398.8 1554.9 0.001121 0.001127 0.001134 0.001141 0.001149 0.001157 0.21659 0.19384 0.17390 0.15636 0.14089 0.12721 740.02 761.92 783.91 806.00 828.18 850.46 1839.4 1820.9 1802.1 1783.0 1763.6 1743.7 2579.4 2582.8 2586.0 2589.0 2591.7 2594.2 741.02 763.05 785.19 807.43 829.78 852.26 2031.7 2014.2 1996.2 1977.9 1959.0 1939.8 2772.7 2777.2 2781.4 2785.3 2788.8 2792.0 2.0906 2.1392 2.1875 2.2355 2.2831 2.3305 4.5335 4.4448 4.3572 4.2705 4.1847 4.0997 6.6242 6.5841 6.5447 6.5059 6.4678 6.4302 TABLO A–4 Doymuş su—Sıcaklık tablosu Özgül hacim, m3/kg Doymuş Sıcaklık, basınç, T °C Pdoy kPa cen22672_app01_881-930.indd Doymuş sıvı, vf 888 Doymuş. buhar, vg İç enerji, kJ/kg Doymuş Doymuş sıvı, Buhar, buhar, uf ufg ug Entalpi, kJ/kg Doymuş sıvı, Buhar, hf hfg Entropi, kJ/kg·K Doymuş Doyuş buhar, sıvı, hg sf Doymuş Buhar, buhar, sfg sg 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 889 TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded) Specific volume, m3/kg Internal energy, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. Temp., Press., T °C Psat kPa Sat. liquid, vf Sat. vapor, vg Sat. liquid, Evap., ufg uf Sat. vapor, ug Sat. liquid, hf 205 210 215 220 225 1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7 0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199 0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405 872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70 1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6 2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3 874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76 1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4 2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2 2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639 4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844 6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483 230 235 240 245 250 2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2 0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252 0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085 986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7 1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1 2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8 990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7 1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3 2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0 2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933 3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788 6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721 255 260 265 270 275 4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4 0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317 0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767 1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9 1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4 2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3 1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7 1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5 2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2 2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221 3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723 6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944 280 285 290 295 300 6416.6 6914.6 7441.8 7999.0 8587.9 0.001333 0.001349 0.001366 0.001384 0.001404 0.030153 0.027756 0.025554 0.023528 0.021659 1228.2 1253.7 1279.7 1306.0 1332.7 1358.2 1328.1 1296.9 1264.5 1230.9 2586.4 2581.8 2576.5 2570.5 2563.6 1236.7 1263.1 1289.8 1317.1 1344.8 1543.2 1510.7 1476.9 1441.6 1404.8 2779.9 2773.7 2766.7 2758.7 2749.6 3.0681 3.1144 3.1608 3.2076 3.2548 2.7898 2.7066 2.6225 2.5374 2.4511 5.8579 5.8210 5.7834 5.7450 5.7059 305 310 315 320 325 9209.4 9865.0 10,556 11,284 12,051 0.001425 0.001447 0.001472 0.001499 0.001528 0.019932 0.018333 0.016849 0.015470 0.014183 1360.0 1387.7 1416.1 1445.1 1475.0 1195.9 1159.3 1121.1 1080.9 1038.5 2555.8 2547.1 2537.2 2526.0 2513.4 1373.1 1402.0 1431.6 1462.0 1493.4 1366.3 1325.9 1283.4 1238.5 1191.0 2739.4 2727.9 2715.0 2700.6 2684.3 3.3024 3.3506 3.3994 3.4491 3.4998 2.3633 2.2737 2.1821 2.0881 1.9911 5.6657 5.6243 5.5816 5.5372 5.4908 330 335 340 345 350 12,858 13,707 14,601 15,541 16,529 0.001560 0.001597 0.001638 0.001685 0.001741 0.012979 0.011848 0.010783 0.009772 0.008806 1505.7 1537.5 1570.7 1605.5 1642.4 993.5 945.5 893.8 837.7 775.9 2499.2 2483.0 2464.5 2443.2 2418.3 1525.8 1559.4 1594.6 1631.7 1671.2 1140.3 1086.0 1027.4 963.4 892.7 2666.0 2645.4 2622.0 2595.1 2563.9 3.5516 3.6050 3.6602 3.7179 3.7788 1.8906 1.7857 1.6756 1.5585 1.4326 5.4422 5.3907 5.3358 5.2765 5.2114 355 360 365 370 373.95 17,570 18,666 19,822 21,044 22,064 0.001808 0.001895 0.002015 0.002217 0.003106 0.007872 0.006950 0.006009 0.004953 0.003106 1682.2 1726.2 1777.2 1844.5 2015.7 706.4 625.7 526.4 385.6 0 2388.6 2351.9 2303.6 2230.1 2015.7 1714.0 1761.5 1817.2 1891.2 2084.3 812.9 720.1 605.5 443.1 0 2526.9 2481.6 2422.7 2334.3 2084.3 3.8442 3.9165 4.0004 4.1119 4.4070 1.2942 1.1373 0.9489 0.6890 0 5.1384 5.0537 4.9493 4.8009 4.4070 Evap., hfg Sat. vapor, hg Sat. liquid, sf Evap., sfg Sat. vapor, sg TABLO A–4 Doymuş su—Sıcaklık tablosu (Devamı) Özgül hacim, m3/kg Doymuş Sıcaklık, basınç, T °C Pdoy kPa cen22672_app01_881-930.indd Doymuş sıvı, vf 889 Doymuş. buhar, vg İç enerji, kJ/kg Doymuş Doymuş sıvı, Buhar, buhar, uf ufg ug Entalpi, kJ/kg Doymuş sıvı, Buhar, hf hfg Entropi, kJ/kg·K Doymuş Doyuş buhar, sıvı, hg sf Doymuş Buhar, buhar, sfg sg 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 890 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume, m3/kg Press., P kPa 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Sat. temp., Tsat °C Sat. liquid, vf Sat. vapor, vg Internal energy, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. liquid, uf Evap., ufg Sat. vapor, ug Sat. liquid, hf Evap., hfg Sat. vapor, hg Sat. liquid, sf Evap., sfg Sat. vapor, sg 6.97 13.02 17.50 21.08 24.08 0.001000 0.001001 0.001001 0.001002 0.001003 129.19 87.964 66.990 54.242 45.654 29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98 2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9 2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9 29.303 54.688 73.433 88.424 100.98 2484.4 2470.1 2459.5 2451.0 2443.9 2513.7 2524.7 2532.9 2539.4 2544.8 0.1059 0.1956 0.2606 0.3118 0.3543 8.8690 8.6314 8.4621 8.3302 8.2222 8.9749 8.8270 8.7227 8.6421 8.5765 4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15 28.96 32.87 40.29 45.81 53.97 0.001004 0.001005 0.001008 0.001010 0.001014 34.791 28.185 19.233 14.670 10.020 121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93 2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1 2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0 121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94 2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3 2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3 0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549 8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522 8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071 20 25 30 40 50 60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32 0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030 7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403 251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49 2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7 2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2 251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54 2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7 2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2 0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912 7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019 7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931 75 100 101.325 125 150 91.76 99.61 99.97 105.97 111.35 0.001037 0.001043 0.001043 0.001048 0.001053 2.2172 1.6941 1.6734 1.3750 1.1594 384.36 417.40 418.95 444.23 466.97 2111.8 2088.2 2087.0 2068.8 2052.3 2496.1 2505.6 2506.0 2513.0 2519.2 384.44 417.51 419.06 444.36 467.13 2278.0 2257.5 2256.5 2240.6 2226.0 2662.4 2675.0 2675.6 2684.9 2693.1 1.2132 1.3028 1.3069 1.3741 1.4337 6.2426 6.0562 6.0476 5.9100 5.7894 7.4558 7.3589 7.3545 7.2841 7.2231 175 200 225 250 275 116.04 120.21 123.97 127.41 130.58 0.001057 0.001061 0.001064 0.001067 0.001070 1.0037 0.88578 0.79329 0.71873 0.65732 486.82 504.50 520.47 535.08 548.57 2037.7 2024.6 2012.7 2001.8 1991.6 2524.5 2529.1 2533.2 2536.8 2540.1 487.01 504.71 520.71 535.35 548.86 2213.1 2201.6 2191.0 2181.2 2172.0 2700.2 2706.3 2711.7 2716.5 2720.9 1.4850 1.5302 1.5706 1.6072 1.6408 5.6865 5.5968 5.5171 5.4453 5.3800 7.1716 7.1270 7.0877 7.0525 7.0207 300 325 350 375 400 133.52 136.27 138.86 141.30 143.61 0.001073 0.001076 0.001079 0.001081 0.001084 0.60582 0.56199 0.52422 0.49133 0.46242 561.11 572.84 583.89 594.32 604.22 1982.1 1973.1 1964.6 1956.6 1948.9 2543.2 2545.9 2548.5 2550.9 2553.1 561.43 573.19 584.26 594.73 604.66 2163.5 2155.4 2147.7 2140.4 2133.4 2724.9 2728.6 2732.0 2735.1 2738.1 1.6717 1.7005 1.7274 1.7526 1.7765 5.3200 5.2645 5.2128 5.1645 5.1191 6.9917 6.9650 6.9402 6.9171 6.8955 450 500 550 600 650 147.90 151.83 155.46 158.83 161.98 0.001088 0.001093 0.001097 0.001101 0.001104 0.41392 0.37483 0.34261 0.31560 0.29260 622.65 639.54 655.16 669.72 683.37 1934.5 1921.2 1908.8 1897.1 1886.1 2557.1 2560.7 2563.9 2566.8 2569.4 623.14 640.09 655.77 670.38 684.08 2120.3 2108.0 2096.6 2085.8 2075.5 2743.4 2748.1 2752.4 2756.2 2759.6 1.8205 1.8604 1.8970 1.9308 1.9623 5.0356 4.9603 4.8916 4.8285 4.7699 6.8561 6.8207 6.7886 6.7593 6.7322 700 750 164.95 167.75 0.001108 0.27278 0.001111 0.25552 696.23 708.40 1875.6 1865.6 2571.8 2574.0 697.00 709.24 2065.8 2056.4 2762.8 2765.7 1.9918 2.0195 4.7153 4.6642 6.7071 6.6837 TABLO A–5 Doymuş su—Basınç tablosu Özgül hacim, m3/kg Doyma Doymuş Basınç, sıcaklığı, sıvı, P kPa Tdoy °C vf cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 890 Doymuş buhar, vg İç enerji, kJ/kg Doymuş sıvı, uf Buhar, ufg Entalpi, kJ/kg Doymuş buhar, ug Doymuş sıvı, hf Buhar, hfg Entropi, kJ/kg·K Doymuş Doymuş Doymuş buhar, sıvı, Buhar, buhar, hg sf sfg sg 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 891 TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded) Specific volume, m3/kg Press., P kPa Sat. temp., Tsat °C Sat. liquid, vf Internal energy, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. vapor, vg Sat. liquid, uf Evap., ufg Sat. vapor, ug Sat. liquid, hf Evap., hfg Sat. vapor, hg Sat. liquid, sf Evap., sfg Sat. vapor, sg 800 850 900 950 1000 170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88 0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127 0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436 719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39 1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4 2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8 720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51 2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6 2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1 2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381 4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470 6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29 0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154 0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171 779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82 1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6 2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4 781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55 1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4 2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0 2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143 4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287 6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430 1750 2000 2250 2500 3000 205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85 0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217 0.11344 0.099587 0.088717 0.079952 0.066667 876.12 906.12 933.54 958.87 1004.6 1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5 2596.7 2599.1 2600.9 2602.1 2603.2 878.16 908.47 936.21 961.87 1008.3 1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9 2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2 2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454 4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402 6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856 3500 4000 5000 6000 7000 242.56 250.35 263.94 275.59 285.83 0.001235 0.001252 0.001286 0.001319 0.001352 0.057061 0.049779 0.039448 0.032449 0.027378 1045.4 1082.4 1148.1 1205.8 1258.0 1557.6 1519.3 1448.9 1384.1 1323.0 2603.0 2601.7 2597.0 2589.9 2581.0 1049.7 1087.4 1154.5 1213.8 1267.5 1753.0 1713.5 1639.7 1570.9 1505.2 2802.7 2800.8 2794.2 2784.6 2772.6 2.7253 2.7966 2.9207 3.0275 3.1220 3.3991 3.2731 3.0530 2.8627 2.6927 6.1244 6.0696 5.9737 5.8902 5.8148 8000 9000 10,000 11,000 12,000 295.01 303.35 311.00 318.08 324.68 0.001384 0.001418 0.001452 0.001488 0.001526 0.023525 0.020489 0.018028 0.015988 0.014264 1306.0 1350.9 1393.3 1433.9 1473.0 1264.5 1207.6 1151.8 1096.6 1041.3 2570.5 2558.5 2545.2 2530.4 2514.3 1317.1 1363.7 1407.8 1450.2 1491.3 1441.6 1379.3 1317.6 1256.1 1194.1 2758.7 2742.9 2725.5 2706.3 2685.4 3.2077 3.2866 3.3603 3.4299 3.4964 2.5373 2.3925 2.2556 2.1245 1.9975 5.7450 5.6791 5.6159 5.5544 5.4939 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 330.85 336.67 342.16 347.36 352.29 0.001566 0.001610 0.001657 0.001710 0.001770 0.012781 0.011487 0.010341 0.009312 0.008374 1511.0 1548.4 1585.5 1622.6 1660.2 985.5 928.7 870.3 809.4 745.1 2496.6 2477.1 2455.7 2432.0 2405.4 1531.4 1571.0 1610.3 1649.9 1690.3 1131.3 1067.0 1000.5 931.1 857.4 2662.7 2637.9 2610.8 2581.0 2547.7 3.5606 3.6232 3.6848 3.7461 3.8082 1.8730 1.7497 1.6261 1.5005 1.3709 5.4336 5.3728 5.3108 5.2466 5.1791 18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 22,064 356.99 361.47 365.75 369.83 373.71 373.95 0.001840 0.001926 0.002038 0.002207 0.002703 0.003106 0.007504 0.006677 0.005862 0.004994 0.003644 0.003106 1699.1 1740.3 1785.8 1841.6 1951.7 2015.7 675.9 598.9 509.0 391.9 140.8 0 2375.0 2339.2 2294.8 2233.5 2092.4 2015.7 1732.2 1776.8 1826.6 1888.0 2011.1 2084.3 777.8 689.2 585.5 450.4 161.5 0 2510.0 2466.0 2412.1 2338.4 2172.6 2084.3 3.8720 3.9396 4.0146 4.1071 4.2942 4.4070 1.2343 1.0860 0.9164 0.7005 0.2496 0 5.1064 5.0256 4.9310 4.8076 4.5439 4.4070 TABLO A–5 Doymuş su—Basınç tablosu (Devamı) Özgül hacim, m3/kg Doyma Doymuş Basınç, sıcaklığı, sıvı, P kPa Tdoy °C vf cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 891 Doymuş buhar, vg İç enerji, kJ/kg Doymuş sıvı, uf Buhar, ufg Entalpi, kJ/kg Doymuş buhar, ug Doymuş sıvı, hf Buhar, hfg Entropi, kJ/kg·K Doymuş Doymuş Doymuş buhar, sıvı, Buhar, buhar, hg sf sfg sg 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 892 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–6 Superheated water T v u °C m3/kg kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K u kJ/kg v m3/kg Sat. 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604 Sat. 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026 2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4 2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4 8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857 P = 0.20 MPa (120.21°C) 2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1 2706.3 2769.1 2870.7 2971.2 3072.1 3277.0 3487.7 3704.8 3928.8 4159.8 4397.7 4642.3 4893.3 5150.4 5413.1 7.1270 7.2810 7.5081 7.7100 7.8941 8.2236 8.5153 8.7793 9.0221 9.2479 9.4598 9.6599 9.8497 10.0304 10.2029 P = 0.50 MPa (151.83°C) Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 * 0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214 2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6 2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6 6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797 s kJ/kg·K u kJ/kg v m3/kg P = 0.05 MPa (81.32°C) P = 0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* † h kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 0.10 MPa (99.61°C) 3.2403 2483.2 2645.2 7.5931 1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209 2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3 2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3 7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429 1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605 2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2 2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229 P = 0.30 MPa (133.52°C) 0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019 2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9 P = 0.40 MPa (143.61°C) 2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157 0.46242 0.47088 0.53434 0.59520 0.65489 0.77265 0.88936 1.00558 1.12152 1.23730 1.35298 1.46859 1.58414 1.69966 1.81516 P = 0.60 MPa (158.83°C) 0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012 2566.8 2639.4 2721.2 2801.4 2881.6 2962.5 3128.2 3299.8 3478.1 3663.2 3855.1 4053.8 4258.8 4469.8 4686.4 2756.2 2850.6 2957.6 3062.0 3166.1 3270.8 3483.4 3701.7 3926.4 4157.9 4396.2 4641.1 4892.4 5149.6 5412.5 0.24035 0.26088 0.29321 0.32416 0.35442 0.38429 0.44332 0.50186 0.56011 0.61820 0.67619 0.73411 0.79197 0.84980 0.90761 † TABLO A–6 2553.1 2564.4 2647.2 2726.4 2805.1 2964.9 3129.8 3301.0 3479.0 3663.9 3855.7 4054.3 4259.2 4470.2 4686.7 2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8 6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828 P = 0.80 MPa (170.41°C) 6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955 The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure. 7.3589 2576.0 2631.1 2715.9 2797.5 2878.6 2960.2 3126.6 3298.7 3477.2 3662.5 3854.5 4053.3 4258.3 4469.4 4686.1 2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2 6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625 Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure. † Kızgın su buharı T °C v m3/kg cen22672_app01_881-930.indd u kJ/kg 892 h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 893 TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Continued) T v u h °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 1.00 MPa (179.88°C) Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610 Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383 2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8 2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9 6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593 P = 1.60 MPa (201.37°C) 2594.8 2645.1 2692.9 2781.6 2866.6 2950.8 3120.1 3293.9 3473.5 3659.5 3852.1 4051.2 4256.6 4467.9 4684.8 2792.8 2857.8 2919.9 3035.4 3146.0 3254.9 3472.6 3693.9 3920.5 4153.4 4392.6 4638.2 4890.0 5147.7 5410.9 6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418 P = 2.50 MPa (223.95°C) Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048 2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4 u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 1.20 MPa (187.96°C) 0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509 2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5 2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6 6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750 2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4 2863.6 2948.3 3118.5 3292.7 3472.6 3658.8 3851.5 4050.7 4256.2 4467.6 4684.5 2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9 3141.9 3251.6 3470.4 3692.3 3919.4 4152.4 4391.9 4637.6 4889.6 5147.3 5410.6 6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246 7.0120 7.1814 7.4845 7.7543 8.0005 8.2284 8.4417 8.6427 8.8331 9.0143 9.1872 h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 1.40 MPa (195.04°C) 0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866 P = 1.80 MPa (207.11°C) 0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025 0.15460 0.16849 0.19551 0.22200 0.24822 0.27426 0.30020 0.32606 0.35188 0.37766 0.40341 u kJ/kg v m3/kg 2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1 2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3 6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036 P = 2.00 MPa (212.38°C) 0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551 0.13860 0.15122 0.17568 0.19962 0.22326 0.24674 0.27012 0.29342 0.31667 0.33989 0.36308 P = 3.00 MPa (233.85°C) 2599.1 2628.5 2680.3 2773.2 2860.5 2945.9 3116.9 3291.5 3471.7 3658.0 3850.9 4050.2 4255.7 4467.2 4684.2 2798.3 2836.1 2903.3 3024.2 3137.7 3248.4 3468.3 3690.7 3918.2 4151.5 4391.1 4637.1 4889.1 5147.0 5410.3 6.3390 6.4160 6.5475 6.7684 6.9583 7.1292 7.4337 7.7043 7.9509 8.1791 8.3925 8.5936 8.7842 8.9654 9.1384 P = 3.50 MPa (242.56°C) 2801.9 6.2558 2805.5 6.2629 2880.9 6.4107 3009.6 26.6459 3127.0 6.8424 3240.1 7.0170 3351.6 7.1768 3462.8 7.3254 3686.8 7.5979 3915.2 7.8455 4149.2 8.0744 4389.3 8.2882 4635.6 8.4897 4887.9 8.6804 5146.0 8.8618 5409.5 9.0349 0.06667 2603.2 2803.2 6.1856 0.05706 2603.0 2802.7 6.1244 0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207 2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6 2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8 6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502 0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750 2624.0 2738.8 2836.0 2927.2 3016.1 3104.5 3282.5 3464.7 3652.5 3846.4 4046.4 4252.5 4464.4 4681.8 2829.7 2978.4 3104.9 3223.2 3338.1 3451.7 3678.9 3909.3 4144.6 4385.7 4632.7 4885.6 5144.1 5408.0 6.1764 6.4484 6.6601 6.8428 7.0074 7.1593 7.4357 7.6855 7.9156 8.1304 8.3324 8.5236 8.7053 8.8786 h kJ/kg v m3/kg v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K TABLO A–6 Kızgın su buharı (Devamı) T °C v m3/kg cen22672_app01_881-930.indd u kJ/kg 893 s kJ/kg?K u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 894 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Continued) T v u h °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 4.0 MPa (250.35°C) Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157 Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107 2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9 2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2 6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164 2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1 5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273 0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140 0.020489 0.023284 0.025816 0.029960 0.033524 0.036793 0.039885 0.042861 0.045755 0.048589 0.054132 0.059562 0.064919 0.070224 0.075492 0.080733 2558.5 2647.6 2725.0 2849.2 2956.3 3056.3 3153.0 3248.4 3343.4 3438.8 3632.0 3829.6 4032.4 4240.7 4454.2 4672.9 2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5 5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371 s kJ/kg·K u kJ/kg v m3/kg 2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1 2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5 6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616 2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5 2979.0 3074.3 3167.9 3261.0 3448.3 3639.5 3835.7 4037.5 4245.0 4457.9 4676.1 2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6 5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551 P = 10.0 MPa (311.00°C) 0.018028 0.019877 0.022440 0.026436 0.029782 0.032811 0.035655 0.038378 0.041018 0.043597 0.048629 0.053547 0.058391 0.063183 0.067938 0.072667 2545.2 2611.6 2699.6 2833.1 2944.5 3047.0 3145.4 3242.0 3338.0 3434.0 3628.2 3826.5 4029.9 4238.5 4452.4 4671.3 h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 5.0 MPa (263.94°C) 0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527 P = 7.0 MPa (285.83°C) 0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958 0.044187 0.048157 0.051966 0.055665 0.062850 0.069856 0.076750 0.083571 0.090341 0.097075 0.103781 P = 9.0 MPa (303.35°C) Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 h kJ/kg P = 4.5 MPa (257.44°C) P = 6.0 MPa (275.59°C) 2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7 u kJ/kg v m3/kg 2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3 2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7 5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124 P = 8.0 MPa (295.01°C) 0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344 0.038194 0.041767 0.045172 0.048463 0.054829 0.061011 0.067082 0.073079 0.079025 0.084934 0.090817 2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6 2967.8 3065.4 3160.5 3254.7 3443.6 3635.7 3832.7 4035.0 4242.8 4456.1 4674.5 2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4 3273.3 3399.5 3521.8 3642.4 3882.2 4123.8 4369.3 4619.6 4875.0 5135.5 5401.0 5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658 6.5579 6.7266 6.8800 7.0221 7.2822 7.5185 7.7372 7.9419 8.1350 8.3181 8.4925 P = 12.5 MPa (327.81°C) 2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0 5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874 0.013496 2505.6 2674.3 5.4638 0.016138 0.020030 0.023019 0.025630 0.028033 0.030306 0.032491 0.034612 0.038724 0.042720 0.046641 0.050510 0.054342 0.058147 2624.9 2789.6 2913.7 3023.2 3126.1 3225.8 3324.1 3422.0 3618.8 3818.9 4023.5 4233.1 4447.7 4667.3 2826.6 3040.0 3201.5 3343.6 3476.5 3604.6 3730.2 3854.6 4102.8 4352.9 4606.5 4864.5 5127.0 5394.1 5.7130 6.0433 6.2749 6.4651 6.6317 6.7828 6.9227 7.0540 7.2967 7.5195 7.7269 7.9220 8.1065 8.2819 h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg TABLO A–6 Kızgın su buharı (Devamı) T °C v m3/kg cen22672_app01_881-930.indd u kJ/kg 894 h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K v m3/kg u kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 895 TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded) T v u h °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 15.0 MPa (342.16°C) Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469 2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115 1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2 2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3 u kJ/kg v m3/kg 0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239 1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3 1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8 u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 20.0 MPa (365.75°C) 5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952 0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435 0.005862 2294.8 2412.1 4.9310 0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556 2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2 2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5 5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215 0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371 2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2 2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7 5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574 4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494 0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279 1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9 2824.0 2974.5 3103.4 3221.7 3334.3 3551.2 3764.6 3978.6 4195.2 4415.3 4639.2 3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602 0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827 1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2 P = 30.0 MPa P = 40.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 s kJ/kg·K P = 17.5 MPa (354.67°C) P = 25.0 MPa 1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1 h kJ/kg 1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0 3084.8 3279.7 3446.8 3599.4 3743.9 4020.0 4288.8 4555.8 4823.9 5094.2 5367.6 P = 35.0 MPa P = 50.0 MPa 3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175 0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620 1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2 3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841 P = 60.0 MPa 1638.6 1787.8 1960.3 2160.3 2528.1 2769.5 2947.1 3095.6 3228.7 3472.2 3702.0 3927.4 4152.2 4378.6 4607.5 1716.6 1874.4 2060.7 2284.7 2722.6 3025.4 3252.6 3443.5 3614.6 3925.8 4216.8 4499.4 4778.9 5058.1 5338.5 3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K 0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213 1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8 1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5 3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111 TABLO A–6 Kızgın su buharı (Devamı) T °C v m3/kg cen22672_app01_881-930.indd u kJ/kg 895 h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K v m3/kg v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 896 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–7 Compressed liquid water T °C u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 5 MPa (263.94°C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9 Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 0.0020378 0.0009904 0.0009929 0.0009992 0.0010084 0.0010199 0.0010337 0.0010496 0.0010679 0.0010886 0.0011122 0.0011390 0.0011697 0.0012053 0.0012472 0.0012978 0.0013611 0.0014450 0.0015693 0.0018248 u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 10 MPa (311.00°C) 2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841 0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980 P = 20 MPa (365.75°C) 1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4 1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3 u kJ/kg v m3/kg 1826.6 20.03 102.57 185.16 267.92 350.90 434.17 517.84 602.07 687.05 773.02 860.27 949.16 1040.2 1134.0 1231.5 1334.4 1445.5 1571.6 1740.1 4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K s kJ/kg·K P = 15 MPa (342.16°C) 3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488 0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311 P = 30 MPa 1785.8 0.23 82.71 165.17 247.75 330.50 413.50 496.85 580.71 665.28 750.78 837.49 925.77 1016.1 1109.0 1205.6 1307.2 1416.6 1540.2 1703.6 h kJ/kg 1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9 1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4 3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555 P = 50 MPa 0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729 0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0 29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2 0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026 0.0009767 0.0009805 0.0009872 0.0009962 0.0010072 0.0010201 0.0010349 0.0010517 0.0010704 0.0010914 0.0011149 0.0011412 0.0011708 0.0012044 0.0012430 0.0012879 0.0013409 0.0014049 0.0014848 0.0015884 0.29 80.93 161.90 243.08 324.42 405.94 487.69 569.77 652.33 735.49 819.45 904.39 990.55 1078.2 1167.7 1259.6 1354.3 1452.9 1556.5 1667.1 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K v m3/kg u kJ/kg 49.13 −0.0010 129.95 0.2845 211.25 0.5528 292.88 0.8055 374.78 1.0442 456.94 1.2705 539.43 1.4859 622.36 1.6916 705.85 1.8889 790.06 2.0790 875.19 2.2628 961.45 2.4414 1049.1 2.6156 1138.4 2.7864 1229.9 2.9547 1324.0 3.1218 1421.4 3.2888 1523.1 3.4575 1630.7 3.6301 1746.5 3.8102 TABLO A–7 Sıkıştırılmış sıvı T °C v m3/kg cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 896 h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 897 TABLE A–8 Saturated ice–water vapor Specific volume, m3/kg Temp., T °C 0.01 0 −2 −4 −6 −8 −10 −12 −14 −16 −18 −20 −22 −24 −26 −28 −30 −32 −34 −36 −38 −40 Sat. press., Psat kPa 0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285 Sat. ice, vi Sat. vapor, vg 0.001091 205.99 0.001091 206.17 0.001091 241.62 0.001090 283.84 0.001090 334.27 0.001090 394.66 0.001089 467.17 0.001089 554.47 0.001088 659.88 0.001088 787.51 0.001088 942.51 0.001087 1131.3 0.001087 1362.0 0.001087 1644.7 0.001087 1992.2 0.001086 2421.0 0.001086 2951.7 0.001086 3610.9 0.001085 4432.4 0.001085 5460.1 0.001085 6750.5 0.001084 8376.7 Internal energy, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. ice, ui Subl., uig Sat. vapor, ug Sat. ice, hi Subl., hig Sat. vapor, hg Sat. ice, si Subl., sig Sat. vapor, sg −333.40 −333.43 −337.63 −341.80 −345.94 −350.04 −354.12 −358.17 −362.18 −366.17 −370.13 −374.06 −377.95 −381.82 −385.66 −389.47 −393.25 −397.00 −400.72 −404.40 −408.07 −411.70 2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7 2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0 −333.40 −333.43 −337.63 −341.80 −345.93 −350.04 −354.12 −358.17 −362.18 −366.17 −370.13 −374.06 −377.95 −381.82 −385.66 −389.47 −393.25 −397.00 −400.72 −404.40 −408.07 −411.70 2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3 2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6 −1.2202 −1.2204 −1.2358 −1.2513 −1.2667 −1.2821 −1.2976 −1.3130 −1.3284 −1.3439 −1.3593 −1.3748 −1.3903 −1.4057 −1.4212 −1.4367 −1.4521 −1.4676 −1.4831 −1.4986 −1.5141 −1.5296 10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174 9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644 TABLO A–8 Doymuş buz–su buharı Özgül hacim, m3/kg Doyma Doymuş Sıcaklık, basıncı, buz, T °C Pdoy kPa vi cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 897 Doymuş Doymuş buhar, buz, vg ui İç enerji, kJ/kg Sübl., uig Doymuş Doymuş buhar, buz, ug hi Entalpi, kJ/kg Sübl., hig Entropi, kJ/kg·K Doymuş Doymuş buhar, buz, hg si Doymuş Sübl., buhar, sig sg 11/06/17 09:32 AM 6 00 h = 40 2 % 20 0 3 1800 kg/m3 sity = Temperature, °C 5 2400 0 60 4 2600 00 3200 3000 20 3200 3800 00 4000 50% 5 Entropy, kJ/kg·K 22 00 Sa tu ra 24 00 va po r 0k 6 70 % te d 0 80 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 35 00 3 0 25 0 20 0 15 0 10 80 0 6 kg 4500 6 h = 4200 kJ/ 00 3600 3400 60% J /k 20 0 FIGURE A–9 T-s diagram for water. 1 = 4 kJ/ 2200 kg h= 0 0 20 00 0 0 ty ali Qu % 10 tu Sa uid iq dl e rat 0 140 100 0 0 100 0 120 1600 1 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 3 g/m 3 1000 2 300 k 1100 1 14 30 % 1 40% 0 550 P= 300 20 00 b 15 000 ar 100 000 80000 0 50 4 00 6000 30000 0 20 0 15 00 00 Den 50 10 00 898 26 00 k J/kg 7 8 2650 h = 2600 2650 kJ/kg 2550 9 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000 h = 5000 kJ/kg h= 80% 7 Qu a li t y= 90% 8 9 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 0 10 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 10 1200 100 k 40 g/m 3 30 20 15 30 kg 8 /m 3 10 6 4 10 kg /m 3 3 2 1.5 3 kg/m 3 0.8 1 0.6 . 0 0.4 1 kg/m 3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 kg/m 3 0.0 5 0.08 0. 1 6 0.1 0. kg/m 3 0 0.04 3 0.0 0. 2 0 1 5 0.0 3k De 0 g/m 3 . n 0 s ity = 08 0.01 kg/m 3 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 18 0. 0 006 0. .004 0 0. 03 00 2 0 1200 Final PDF to printer 898 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS 8 00 g 11/06/17 09:32 AM % 66 % 64 % 62 % 60 % 58 56% 54% 52% 50% 48% 46% 44% 42% 40% 2 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 3 899 3000 4 5 TT = 6 Entropy, kJ/kg·K 7 8 98% 96% Qu 94% alit y = 92% 90% 88 86% % 84% 82% 80% 78 76 % 74 % % 72 70 % 68 % % 8 0.01 kg/m 3 7 De nsi ty = 6 0.1 kg/m 3 5 1 kg /m 3 4 0. 0. 3 0 0. .08 0.12 0. 06 0.1 5 04 0.0 0.0 5 0. 3 01 0. 5 01 0 0. .8 0.4 6 5 4000 Dens 100 i ty = 00 100 0 k 800 g/m 3 0 600 500 0 40000 3000 20 15 00 80 1 00 6000 000 400 5 00 30 2000 100 kg/m 3 80 150 60 100 40 50 30 20 15 10 k 10 g/m 3 3 3 2 1.5 1.0 8 6 4 150 00 200 00 250 00 300 00 bar 2 800°C P= 1000°C 900°C 400°C 2000 T = 300°C 1000 1100°C 5000 700°C 600°C 500°C Enthalpy, kJ/kg Final PDF to printer 899 °C 00 11 9 02 0. 9 10 5000 4000 P = 3000 r ba 08 0 . 0 2000 1000 10 FIGURE A–10 Mollier diagram for water. 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 900 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, m3/kg Temp., T °C −40 −38 −36 −34 −32 −30 −28 −26 −24 −22 −20 −18 −16 −14 −12 −10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Sat. Sat. press., liquid, Psat kPa vf 51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71 84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72 132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37 200.74 217.08 234.44 252.85 272.36 293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88 414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52 572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31 770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68 1017.1 1072.8 1130.7 0.0007053 0.0007082 0.0007111 0.0007141 0.0007171 0.0007201 0.0007232 0.0007264 0.0007296 0.0007328 0.0007361 0.0007394 0.0007428 0.0007463 0.0007498 0.0007533 0.0007570 0.0007607 0.0007644 0.0007683 0.0007722 0.0007761 0.0007802 0.0007843 0.0007886 0.0007929 0.0007973 0.0008018 0.0008064 0.0008112 0.0008160 0.0008209 0.0008260 0.0008312 0.0008366 0.0008421 0.0008477 0.0008535 0.0008595 0.0008657 0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854 Sat. vapor, vg 0.36064 0.32718 0.29740 0.27082 0.24706 0.22577 0.20666 0.18947 0.17398 0.15999 0.14735 0.13589 0.12550 0.11605 0.10744 0.099600 0.092438 0.085888 0.079889 0.074388 0.069335 0.064690 0.060412 0.056469 0.052829 0.049466 0.046354 0.043471 0.040798 0.038317 0.036012 0.033867 0.031869 0.030008 0.028271 0.026648 0.025131 0.023712 0.022383 0.021137 0.019968 0.018870 0.017837 Internal energy, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. liquid, uf Evap., ufg Sat. vapor, ug Sat. liquid, hf Evap., hfg Sat. vapor, hg Sat. liquid, sf Evap., sfg Sat. vapor, sg −0.036 2.472 4.987 7.509 10.04 12.58 15.12 17.67 20.23 22.80 25.37 27.96 30.55 33.15 35.76 38.38 41.01 43.64 46.29 48.94 51.61 54.28 56.97 59.66 62.37 65.09 67.82 70.56 73.31 76.07 78.85 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09 92.93 95.79 98.67 101.56 104.47 107.39 110.34 113.30 207.42 206.06 204.69 203.32 201.94 200.55 199.15 197.75 196.34 194.92 193.49 192.05 190.60 189.14 187.66 186.18 184.69 183.18 181.66 180.12 178.58 177.01 175.44 173.84 172.23 170.61 168.96 167.30 165.62 163.92 162.19 160.45 158.68 156.89 155.08 153.24 151.37 149.48 147.55 145.60 143.61 141.59 139.53 207.38 208.53 209.68 210.83 211.97 213.12 214.27 215.42 216.57 217.71 218.86 220.00 221.15 222.29 223.42 224.56 225.69 226.82 227.94 229.07 230.18 231.30 232.40 233.51 234.60 235.69 236.78 237.86 238.93 239.99 241.04 242.09 243.13 244.15 245.17 246.17 247.17 248.15 249.11 250.07 251.00 251.92 252.83 0.00 2.512 5.032 7.559 10.09 12.64 15.19 17.75 20.31 22.89 25.47 28.07 30.67 33.28 35.90 38.53 41.17 43.82 46.48 49.15 51.83 54.53 57.23 59.95 62.68 65.42 68.17 70.94 73.72 76.51 79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.70 93.58 96.49 99.41 102.34 105.30 108.28 111.28 114.30 225.86 224.62 223.37 222.10 220.83 219.55 218.25 216.95 215.63 214.30 212.96 211.60 210.23 208.84 207.44 206.02 204.59 203.14 201.66 200.17 198.67 197.14 195.58 194.01 192.42 190.80 189.16 187.49 185.80 184.08 182.33 180.55 178.74 176.90 175.03 173.13 171.19 169.21 167.19 165.13 163.03 160.89 158.70 225.86 227.13 228.40 229.66 230.93 232.19 233.44 234.70 235.94 237.19 238.43 239.67 240.90 242.12 243.34 244.55 245.76 246.95 248.14 249.33 250.50 251.66 252.82 253.96 255.09 256.22 257.33 258.43 259.51 260.59 261.64 262.69 263.72 264.73 265.73 266.71 267.67 268.61 269.53 270.44 271.31 272.17 273.00 0.00000 0.01071 0.02137 0.03196 0.04249 0.05297 0.06339 0.07376 0.08408 0.09435 0.10456 0.11473 0.12486 0.13493 0.14497 0.15496 0.16491 0.17482 0.18469 0.19452 0.20432 0.21408 0.22381 0.23351 0.24318 0.25282 0.26243 0.27201 0.28157 0.29111 0.30062 0.31012 0.31959 0.32905 0.33849 0.34792 0.35734 0.36675 0.37615 0.38554 0.39493 0.40432 0.41371 0.96869 0.95516 0.94182 0.92867 0.91569 0.90289 0.89024 0.87776 0.86542 0.85323 0.84119 0.82927 0.81749 0.80583 0.79429 0.78286 0.77154 0.76033 0.74921 0.73819 0.72726 0.71641 0.70565 0.69496 0.68435 0.67380 0.66331 0.65289 0.64252 0.63219 0.62192 0.61168 0.60148 0.59131 0.58117 0.57105 0.56095 0.55086 0.54077 0.53068 0.52059 0.51048 0.50036 0.96869 0.96588 0.96319 0.96063 0.95819 0.95586 0.95364 0.95152 0.94950 0.94758 0.94575 0.94401 0.94234 0.94076 0.93925 0.93782 0.93645 0.93514 0.93390 0.93271 0.93158 0.93050 0.92946 0.92847 0.92752 0.92661 0.92574 0.92490 0.92409 0.92330 0.92254 0.92180 0.92107 0.92036 0.91967 0.91897 0.91829 0.91760 0.91692 0.91622 0.91552 0.91480 0.91407 TABLO A–11 Doymuş soğutucu akışkan-134a—Sıcaklık tablosu cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 900 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 901 TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded) Specific volume, m3/kg Temp., T °C 46 48 52 56 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Sat. Sat. press., liquid, Psat kPa vf 1191.0 1253.6 1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8 2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 0.0008924 0.0008997 0.0009151 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009751 0.0010037 0.0010373 0.0010774 0.0011273 0.0011938 0.0012945 0.0015269 901 Sat. vapor, vg 0.016866 0.015951 0.014276 0.012782 0.011434 0.009959 0.008650 0.007486 0.006439 0.005484 0.004591 0.003713 0.002657 Internal energy, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. liquid, uf Evap., ufg Sat. vapor, ug Sat. liquid, hf Evap., hfg Sat. vapor, hg Sat. liquid, sf Evap., sfg Sat. vapor, sg 116.28 119.28 125.35 131.52 137.79 145.80 154.03 162.55 171.43 180.81 190.94 202.49 218.73 137.43 135.30 130.89 126.29 121.45 115.06 108.17 100.62 92.22 82.64 71.19 56.25 29.72 253.71 254.58 256.24 257.81 259.23 260.86 262.20 263.17 263.66 263.45 262.13 258.73 248.46 117.34 120.41 126.62 132.94 139.38 147.64 156.15 165.01 174.27 184.11 194.82 207.14 224.80 156.46 154.17 149.41 144.41 139.09 132.05 124.37 115.87 106.35 95.39 82.22 64.94 34.22 273.80 274.57 276.03 277.35 278.47 279.69 280.52 280.88 280.63 279.51 277.04 272.08 259.02 0.42311 0.43251 0.45136 0.47028 0.48930 0.51330 0.53763 0.56252 0.58812 0.61487 0.64354 0.67605 0.72224 0.49020 0.48001 0.45948 0.43870 0.41746 0.39048 0.36239 0.33279 0.30113 0.26632 0.22638 0.17638 0.09169 0.91331 0.91252 0.91084 0.90898 0.90676 0.90379 0.90002 0.89531 0.88925 0.88120 0.86991 0.85243 0.81393 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 902 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–12 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume, m3/kg Press., P kPa 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 240 280 320 360 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000 Sat. Sat. temp., liquid, Tsat °C vf −36.95 −33.87 −31.13 −28.65 −26.37 −22.32 −18.77 −15.60 −12.73 −10.09 −5.38 −1.25 2.46 5.82 8.91 12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20 26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45 35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40 57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16 0.0007097 0.0007143 0.0007184 0.0007222 0.0007258 0.0007323 0.0007381 0.0007435 0.0007485 0.0007532 0.0007618 0.0007697 0.0007771 0.0007840 0.0007905 0.0007983 0.0008058 0.0008129 0.0008198 0.0008265 0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008457 0.0008519 0.0008580 0.0008640 0.0008700 0.0008935 0.0009167 0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009887 0.0010567 0.0011410 Sat. vapor, vg 0.31108 0.26921 0.23749 0.21261 0.19255 0.16216 0.14020 0.12355 0.11049 0.099951 0.083983 0.072434 0.063681 0.056809 0.051266 0.045677 0.041168 0.037452 0.034335 0.031680 0.029392 0.027398 0.025645 0.024091 0.022703 0.021456 0.020329 0.016728 0.014119 0.012134 0.010568 0.009297 0.006941 0.005272 Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, Evap., ufg uf 3.795 7.672 11.14 14.30 17.19 22.38 26.96 31.06 34.81 38.26 44.46 49.95 54.90 59.42 63.61 68.44 72.92 77.09 81.01 84.72 88.24 91.59 94.80 97.88 100.84 103.70 106.47 116.72 125.96 134.45 142.36 149.81 167.02 183.09 205.34 203.23 201.33 199.60 198.01 195.15 192.60 190.31 188.20 186.25 182.71 179.54 176.65 173.99 171.49 168.58 165.86 163.29 160.84 158.51 156.27 154.11 152.02 150.00 148.03 146.11 144.24 137.12 130.44 124.05 117.85 111.75 96.47 80.17 Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. vapor, ug Sat. liquid, hf Evap., hfg Sat. vapor, hg Sat. liquid, sf Evap., sfg Sat. vapor, sg 209.13 210.90 212.48 213.90 215.21 217.53 219.56 221.37 223.01 224.51 227.17 229.49 231.55 233.41 235.10 237.03 238.77 240.38 241.86 243.23 244.51 245.70 246.82 247.88 248.88 249.82 250.71 253.84 256.40 258.50 260.21 261.56 263.49 263.26 3.837 7.722 11.20 14.36 17.27 22.47 27.06 31.18 34.94 38.41 44.64 50.16 55.14 59.70 63.92 68.80 73.32 77.54 81.50 85.26 88.82 92.22 95.48 98.61 101.62 104.52 107.34 117.79 127.25 135.96 144.09 151.78 169.66 186.51 223.96 222.02 220.27 218.67 217.19 214.52 212.13 209.96 207.95 206.09 202.68 199.61 196.78 194.15 191.68 188.78 186.04 183.44 180.95 178.56 176.26 174.03 171.86 169.75 167.69 165.68 163.70 156.12 148.92 141.96 135.14 128.36 111.18 92.57 227.80 229.74 231.47 233.04 234.46 236.99 239.19 241.14 242.90 244.50 247.32 249.77 251.93 253.86 255.61 257.58 259.36 260.98 262.46 263.82 265.08 266.25 267.34 268.36 269.31 270.20 271.04 273.92 276.17 277.92 279.23 280.15 280.84 279.08 0.01633 0.03264 0.04707 0.06003 0.07182 0.09269 0.11080 0.12686 0.14131 0.15449 0.17786 0.19822 0.21631 0.23265 0.24757 0.26462 0.28021 0.29460 0.30799 0.32052 0.33232 0.34348 0.35408 0.36417 0.37383 0.38307 0.39196 0.42449 0.45325 0.47921 0.50304 0.52519 0.57542 0.62133 0.94812 0.92783 0.91009 0.89431 0.88008 0.85520 0.83387 0.81517 0.79848 0.78339 0.75689 0.73406 0.71395 0.69591 0.67954 0.66093 0.64399 0.62842 0.61398 0.60048 0.58780 0.57582 0.56445 0.55362 0.54326 0.53333 0.52378 0.48870 0.45742 0.42881 0.40213 0.37684 0.31701 0.25759 0.96445 0.96047 0.95716 0.95434 0.95191 0.94789 0.94467 0.94202 0.93979 0.93788 0.93475 0.93228 0.93026 0.92856 0.92711 0.92555 0.92420 0.92302 0.92196 0.92100 0.92012 0.91930 0.91853 0.91779 0.91709 0.91641 0.91574 0.91320 0.91067 0.90802 0.90517 0.90204 0.89243 0.87893 TABLO A–12 Doymuş soğutucu akışkan-134a—Basınç tablosu cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 902 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 903 TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a T °C Sat. –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Sat. –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 0.06 MPa (Tsat = −36.95°C) 0.31108 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410 209.13 220.62 227.57 234.67 241.94 249.37 256.97 264.73 272.66 280.75 289.01 297.43 306.02 314.76 227.80 240.78 248.60 256.56 264.68 272.95 281.39 289.99 298.75 307.68 316.77 326.02 335.43 345.01 0.9645 1.0175 1.0478 1.0775 1.1067 1.1354 1.1637 1.1916 1.2192 1.2464 1.2732 1.2998 1.3261 1.3521 P = 0.18 MPa (Tsat = −12.73°C) 0.11049 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622 223.01 225.04 232.49 240.02 247.66 255.43 263.33 271.38 279.58 287.93 296.43 305.09 313.90 242.90 245.18 253.59 262.05 270.60 279.27 288.07 297.00 306.07 315.28 324.65 334.16 343.82 0.9398 0.9485 0.9799 1.0103 1.0400 1.0691 1.0976 1.1257 1.1533 1.1806 1.2075 1.2340 1.2603 P = 0.28 MPa (Tsat = −1.25°C) 0.07243 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818 229.49 230.46 238.29 246.15 254.08 262.12 270.28 278.58 287.01 295.59 304.30 313.17 322.18 331.34 340.65 350.11 249.77 250.85 259.70 268.54 277.42 286.40 295.48 304.69 314.01 323.48 333.07 342.81 352.69 362.72 372.88 383.20 0.9323 0.9362 0.9681 0.9987 1.0285 1.0577 1.0862 1.1143 1.1419 1.1690 1.1958 1.2223 1.2484 1.2742 1.2998 1.3251 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 0.10 MPa (Tsat = −26.37°C) 0.19255 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138 215.21 219.68 226.77 233.97 241.32 248.81 256.46 264.27 272.24 280.36 288.65 297.10 305.71 314.48 234.46 239.52 247.51 255.60 263.82 272.18 280.69 289.36 298.17 307.15 316.28 325.57 335.01 344.61 0.9519 0.9721 1.0031 1.0333 1.0628 1.0919 1.1204 1.1485 1.1762 1.2036 1.2306 1.2573 1.2836 1.3097 P = 0.20 MPa (Tsat = −10.09°C) 0.09995 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933 224.51 224.57 232.11 239.69 247.36 255.16 263.09 271.16 279.38 287.75 296.27 304.93 313.75 244.50 244.56 253.07 261.60 270.20 278.91 287.74 296.70 305.79 315.03 324.41 333.94 343.62 0.9379 0.9381 0.9699 1.0005 1.0304 1.0596 1.0882 1.1164 1.1441 1.1714 1.1984 1.2250 1.2513 P = 0.32 MPa (Tsat = 2.46°C) v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 0.14 MPa (Tsat = −18.77°C) 0.14020 219.56 239.19 0.9447 0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449 225.93 233.25 240.68 248.24 255.95 263.80 271.81 279.97 288.29 296.77 305.40 314.19 246.37 254.61 262.95 271.40 279.99 288.72 297.59 306.61 315.78 325.11 334.59 344.22 0.9724 1.0032 1.0331 1.0625 1.0913 1.1196 1.1475 1.1750 1.2021 1.2289 1.2554 1.2815 P = 0.24 MPa (Tsat = −5.38°C) 0.08398 227.17 247.32 0.9348 0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398 231.30 239.00 246.76 254.63 262.61 270.73 278.98 287.38 295.93 304.62 313.46 251.98 260.66 269.38 278.17 287.07 296.09 305.24 314.53 323.95 333.51 343.22 0.9520 0.9832 1.0134 1.0429 1.0718 1.1002 1.1281 1.1555 1.1826 1.2093 1.2356 P = 0.40 MPa (Tsat = 8.91°C) 0.06368 231.55 251.93 0.9303 0.051266 235.10 255.61 0.9271 0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314 237.56 245.51 253.52 261.62 269.83 278.17 286.64 295.24 303.99 312.87 321.91 331.08 340.41 349.88 258.70 267.67 276.66 285.72 294.87 304.12 313.50 323.00 332.64 342.41 352.31 362.36 372.55 382.89 0.9545 0.9856 1.0158 1.0452 1.0739 1.1022 1.1299 1.1572 1.1841 1.2106 1.2368 1.2627 1.2883 1.3136 0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096 235.99 244.19 252.37 260.60 268.92 277.34 285.88 294.54 303.34 312.28 321.35 330.56 339.92 349.42 256.59 265.88 275.09 284.32 293.61 302.98 312.45 322.04 331.75 341.59 351.55 361.65 371.89 382.26 0.9306 0.9628 0.9937 1.0237 1.0529 1.0814 1.1095 1.1370 1.1641 1.1908 1.2172 1.2432 1.2689 1.2943 TABLO A–13 Kızgın soğutucu akışkan-134a cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 903 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 904 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded) T °C Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 0.50 MPa (Tsat = 15.71°C) 0.041168 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775 238.77 242.42 250.86 259.27 267.73 276.27 284.91 293.65 302.52 311.52 320.65 329.91 339.31 348.85 358.52 368.34 259.36 263.48 273.03 282.50 291.98 301.51 311.12 320.82 330.63 340.55 350.59 360.75 371.05 381.47 392.04 402.73 0.9242 0.9384 0.9704 1.0011 1.0309 1.0600 1.0884 1.1163 1.1436 1.1706 1.1971 1.2233 1.2492 1.2747 1.3000 1.3250 P = 0.80 MPa (Tsat = 31.31°C) 0.025645 0.027035 0.028547 0.029973 0.031340 0.032659 0.033941 0.035193 0.036420 0.037625 0.038813 0.039985 0.041143 0.042290 0.043427 0.044554 246.82 254.84 263.87 272.85 281.83 290.86 299.97 309.17 318.47 327.89 337.42 347.08 356.86 366.78 376.83 387.01 267.34 276.46 286.71 296.82 306.90 316.99 327.12 337.32 347.61 357.99 368.47 379.07 389.78 400.61 411.57 422.65 0.9185 0.9481 0.9803 1.0111 1.0409 1.0699 1.0982 1.1259 1.1531 1.1798 1.2062 1.2321 1.2577 1.2830 1.3081 1.3328 P = 1.20 MPa (Tsat = 46.29°C) 0.016728 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020529 0.021506 0.022442 0.023348 0.024228 0.025086 0.025927 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029158 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 253.84 257.64 267.57 277.23 286.77 296.28 305.81 315.40 325.05 334.79 344.63 354.57 364.63 374.80 385.10 904 273.92 278.28 289.66 300.63 311.40 322.09 332.74 343.41 354.12 364.90 375.74 386.68 397.71 408.84 420.09 0.9132 0.9268 0.9615 0.9939 1.0249 1.0547 1.0836 1.1119 1.1395 1.1665 1.1931 1.2192 1.2450 1.2704 1.2955 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 0.60 MPa (Tsat = 21.55°C) v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg·K P = 0.70 MPa (Tsat = 26.69°C) 0.034335 241.86 262.46 0.9220 0.029392 244.51 265.08 0.9201 0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006 249.24 257.88 266.50 275.17 283.91 292.74 301.69 310.75 319.93 329.24 338.69 348.26 357.98 367.83 270.83 280.60 290.30 300.00 309.75 319.57 329.48 339.49 349.61 359.84 370.20 380.68 391.29 402.03 0.9500 0.9817 1.0122 1.0417 1.0706 1.0988 1.1265 1.1536 1.1804 1.2068 1.2328 1.2585 1.2838 1.3089 0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597 247.49 256.41 265.22 274.03 282.88 291.81 300.84 309.96 319.21 328.57 338.06 347.67 357.42 367.31 268.47 278.59 288.54 298.44 308.34 318.29 328.31 338.41 348.61 358.92 369.34 379.88 390.54 401.32 0.9314 0.9642 0.9955 1.0257 1.0550 1.0835 1.1115 1.1389 1.1659 1.1925 1.2186 1.2445 1.2700 1.2952 P = 0.90 MPa (Tsat = 35.51°C) 0.022686 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423 248.82 253.15 262.46 271.62 280.74 289.88 299.08 308.35 317.72 327.19 336.78 346.48 356.30 366.25 376.33 386.54 269.25 274.19 284.79 295.15 305.41 315.65 325.90 336.21 346.58 357.04 367.59 378.25 389.01 399.89 410.89 422.02 0.9169 0.9328 0.9661 0.9977 1.0280 1.0574 1.0861 1.1141 1.1415 1.1684 1.1949 1.2211 1.2468 1.2722 1.2973 1.3221 P = 1.40 MPa (Tsat = 52.40°C) P = 1.00 MPa (Tsat = 39.37°C) 0.020319 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317 250.71 251.32 260.96 270.33 279.61 288.87 298.17 307.52 316.96 326.49 336.12 345.87 355.73 365.71 375.82 386.06 271.04 271.73 282.76 293.40 303.87 314.27 324.66 335.08 345.54 356.08 366.70 377.42 388.24 399.17 410.22 421.38 0.9157 0.9180 0.9526 0.9851 1.0160 1.0459 1.0749 1.1032 1.1309 1.1580 1.1847 1.2110 1.2369 1.2624 1.2876 1.3125 P = 1.60 MPa (Tsat = 57.88°C) 0.014119 256.40 276.17 0.9107 0.012134 258.50 277.92 0.9080 0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757 264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.12 285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.78 0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2808 0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456 260.91 271.78 282.11 292.19 302.16 312.09 322.03 332.02 342.06 352.19 362.40 372.71 383.13 280.71 293.27 305.09 316.53 327.78 338.93 350.03 361.14 372.27 383.46 394.71 406.04 417.46 0.9164 0.9536 0.9875 1.0195 1.0501 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1633 1.1901 1.2164 1.2422 1.2677 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 905 1250 300 350 400 1200 kg/m 3 115 0 110 0 105 0 10 00 95 0 90 0 85 0 80 0 250 1300 1400 200 1350 1450 10 150 1500 100 20 450 0 70 500 550 600 700 100 120 2 24 2 1 16 12 0.4 8 2.4 8 2.4 0 2.3 2 2.2 4 2.1 6k J/k g·K ss = 2.0 8 2.00 1.92 1.76 1.84 1.60 1.68 1.52 1.36 1.44 1.28 1.20 1.12 1.04 0.96 0.80 0.72 0.64 200 300 0.1 350 400 450 Enthalpy, kJ/kg 500 550 300 280 260 240 220 200 600 650 2.7 2 2.6 4 2.5 6 0.4 ss = 180 0.8 0.04 0.6 2.4 8 T = 160∞C 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.9 0.8 –20 satura ted va por –40 250 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 150 X=0 .5 –60 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.02 0.01 100 2.4 1.6 satur ated liquid s 0.04 4 3.2 –40 0.1 0.4 6 –20 0.2 0.88 Pressure, MPa 40 32 20 T T = 0‡C 0°C 1 4 90 70 60 50 40 60 R-134a 10 /m33 kg/m 2000kg tyh==20 ensisity DDen 160 80 4 750 20 300 400 0 60 500 650 700 0.02 0.3 0.01 750 FIGURE A–14 P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a. Note: The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R-134a tables. Therefore, problems should be solved using all property data either from the tables or from the chart, but not from both. cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 905 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 906 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (a) Low pressures, 0 < PR < 1.0 1.0 70 75 .0 0. 5 0.6 0.60 8.00 .00 6 0.9 5.00 4.00 3.50 0. 80 2.00 3.00 2.60 2.40 .20 2 2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.30 1.60 .50 1 1.40 1.30 0.8 5 0.8 1.20 1.10 Pv RT 0.9 0 TR = 2.5 Z = 1.00 TR = 15 TR = 3.00 NOTE 0.7 1.00 15 0.85 12 0.90 0.00 vrR 0.05 0.80 0.75 0.10 PR 1953 0.3 0.0 10 0 0.7 0.4 RTcr / Pcr 1.0 0.95 0.90 20 PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v = ––—––– R = v 0.95 0. 7 T 2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 5 0.6 Z CHART No. 1 60 0.60 T REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T = —– R Tcr 1.10 0.80 1.0 5 30 P Pcr REDUCED PRESSURE, P = —– R 0.90 v RR = NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS 0.5 1.00 0.9 5 ---DEVIATION > 1.0% 0.6 1.20 1.15 RR COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR, Z = —– TRR = 5.00 3.00 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 REDUCED PRESSURE, P R (b) Intermediate pressures, 0 < PR < 7 3.50 1.10 35.0 0 00 0 1.0 80 70 0 .9 0. 0. Pv RT COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR, Z = —– 0 0.90 2.50 2.00 00 60 1.40 1. 20 1. 2. 3. 1.00 TR = 5.00 1.80 1.60 0 0.6 0.80 0 0.5 = v R 0.45 1.50 0 0.4 5 0.3 1.40 0 0.3 1.30 0.25 0.70 0.60 .2 0 =0 vR 1.20 0.50 COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS P P REDUCED PRESSURE, —– =—– REDUCED PRESSURE,PP = RR P Pcr cr 1.10 0.40 TT TR = REDUCED TEMPERATURE,T —– =—– REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T R 1.05 0.30 0.20 0.0 NELSON — OBERT NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED GENERALIZEDCHARTS COMPRESSIBILITY 1.15 Tcrcr CHART CHART No.No. 2 2 vv PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v = —– ––—––– PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, vR =RT cr / Pcr R RTcr / Pcr TR = 1.00 0.5 1.0 1953 1953 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 REDUCED PRESSURE, P R FIGURE A–15 Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart. 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 (İndirgenmiş basınç) Şekİl A–15Nelson-Obert’in genelleştirilmiş sıkıştırılabilirlik diyagramı Z: Sıkıştırılabilirlik faktörü cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 906 11/06/17 09:32 AM Generalized compressibility chart, pR # 1.0. Şekil-A15A Generalized compressibility chart, pR # 10.0. ŞEKİL-A15B Generalized compressibility chart, 10 # pR # 40. ŞEKİL-A15C Final PDF to printer 907 TABLE A–16 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Pressure, kPa Gravity g, m/s2 Speed of sound, m/s Density, kg/m3 Viscosity μ, kg/m·s Thermal conductivity, W/m·K 15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80 101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08 9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804 340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2 1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134 1.789 × 10−5 1.783 × 10−5 1.777 × 10−5 1.771 × 10−5 1.764 × 10−5 0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30 89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49 9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801 336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3 1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027 1.758 × 10−5 1.752 × 10−5 1.745 × 10−5 1.739 × 10−5 1.732 × 10−5 0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 2.00 0.70 −0.59 −1.89 −3.19 79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92 9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798 332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4 1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928 1.726 × 10−5 1.720 × 10−5 1.713 × 10−5 1.707 × 10−5 1.700 × 10−5 0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 −4.49 −5.79 −7.09 −8.39 −9.69 70.12 68.36 66.63 64.94 63.28 9.797 9.797 9.796 9.796 9.795 328.6 327.8 327.0 326.2 325.4 0.909 0.891 0.872 0.854 0.837 1.694 × 10−5 1.687 × 10−5 1.681 × 10−5 1.674 × 10−5 1.668 × 10−5 0.0238 0.0237 0.0236 0.0235 0.0234 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 −10.98 −12.3 −13.6 −14.9 −16.2 61.66 60.07 58.52 57.00 55.51 9.794 9.794 9.793 9.793 9.792 324.6 323.8 323.0 322.2 321.4 0.819 0.802 0.785 0.769 0.752 1.661 × 10−5 1.655 × 10−5 1.648 × 10−5 1.642 × 10−5 1.635 × 10−5 0.0233 0.0232 0.0231 0.0230 0.0229 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 −17.5 −18.8 −20.1 −21.4 −22.7 54.05 52.62 51.23 49.86 48.52 9.791 9.791 9.790 9.789 9.785 320.5 319.7 318.9 318.1 317.3 0.736 0.721 0.705 0.690 0.675 1.628 × 10−5 1.622 × 10−5 1.615 × 10−5 1.608 × 10−5 1.602 × 10−5 0.0228 0.0227 0.0226 0.0224 0.0223 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 −24.0 −25.3 −26.6 −27.9 −29.2 47.22 45.94 44.69 43.47 42.27 9.788 9.788 9.787 9.786 9.785 316.5 315.6 314.8 314.0 313.1 0.660 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.604 1.595 × 10−5 1.588 × 10−5 1.582 × 10−5 1.575 × 10−5 1.568 × 10−5 0.0222 0.0221 0.0220 0.0219 0.0218 7000 8000 9000 10,000 −30.5 −36.9 −43.4 −49.9 41.11 35.65 30.80 26.50 9.785 9.782 9.779 9.776 312.3 308.1 303.8 299.5 0.590 0.526 0.467 0.414 1.561 × 10−5 1.527 × 10−5 1.493 × 10−5 1.458 × 10−5 0.0217 0.0212 0.0206 0.0201 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 −56.5 −56.5 −56.5 −56.5 19.40 14.17 10.53 7.57 9.770 9.764 9.758 9.751 295.1 295.1 295.1 295.1 0.312 0.228 0.166 0.122 1.422 × 10−5 1.422 × 10−5 1.422 × 10−5 1.422 × 10−5 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 Altitude, m Temperature, °C 0 200 400 600 800 TABLO A–16 Yüksek seviyede atmosferin özelikleri Yükseklik, m Sıcaklık, °C cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 907 Basınç, kPa Yerçek. ivmesi g, m/s2 Ses hızı, m/s Yoğunluk, kg/m3 Viskozite m, kg/m·s Isıl iletkenlik, W/m·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 908 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg·K T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg·K 200 210 220 230 240 199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02 0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355 142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13 1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0 1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824 580 590 600 610 620 586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07 14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36 419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09 115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92 2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356 250 260 270 280 285 250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14 0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584 178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33 979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1 1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055 630 640 650 660 670 638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14 19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46 457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81 92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61 2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589 290 295 298 300 305 290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22 1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686 206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67 676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0 1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865 680 690 700 710 720 691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82 25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02 496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14 75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53 2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319 310 315 320 325 330 310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34 1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352 221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61 572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4 1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783 730 740 750 760 780 745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03 33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35 536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12 62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64 2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013 340 350 360 370 380 340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77 2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176 242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69 454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4 1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001 800 820 840 860 880 821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56 47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98 592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95 48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61 2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344 390 400 410 420 430 390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43 3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915 278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99 321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1 1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533 900 920 940 960 980 932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25 75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2 674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98 34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73 2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468 440 450 460 470 480 441.61 451.80 462.02 472.24 482.49 5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268 315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70 236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5 2.08870 2.11161 2.13407 2.15604 2.17760 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1046.04 1068.89 1091.85 1114.86 1137.89 114.0 123.4 133.3 143.9 155.2 758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88 25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98 2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608 490 500 510 520 530 492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98 7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37 352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84 179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7 2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34 167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2 845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57 18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241 3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916 540 550 560 570 544.35 554.74 565.17 575.59 11.10 11.86 12.66 13.50 389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97 139.7 133.1 127.0 121.2 2.29906 2.31809 2.33685 2.35531 1200 1220 1240 1277.79 1301.31 1324.93 238.0 254.7 272.3 933.33 951.09 968.95 14.470 13.747 13.069 3.17888 3.19834 3.21751 h kJ/kg Pr TABLO A–17 Havanın mükemmel-gaz özelikleri T K h kJ/kg cen22672_app01_881-930.indd Pr 908 u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg·K T K u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 909 TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded) T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg·K T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg·K 1260 1280 1348.55 1372.24 290.8 310.4 986.90 1004.76 12.435 11.835 3.23638 3.25510 1600 1620 1757.57 1782.00 791.2 834.1 1298.30 1316.96 5.804 5.574 3.52364 3.53879 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44 330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2 1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26 11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337 3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474 1640 1660 1680 1700 1750 1806.46 1830.96 1855.50 1880.1 1941.6 878.9 925.6 974.2 1025 1161 1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8 5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328 3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79 450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8 1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95 8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468 3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1 1310 1475 1655 1852 2068 1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7 3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776 3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17 601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0 1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65 7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046 3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4 2303 2559 2837 3138 3464 1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3 2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864 3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474 Note: The properties Pr (relative pressure) and vr (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume. cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 909 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 910 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol·K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 0 220 230 240 250 0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266 0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188 0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370 600 610 620 630 640 17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772 12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450 212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018 260 270 280 290 298 7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669 5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190 187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502 650 660 670 680 690 19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297 13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560 214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314 300 310 320 330 340 8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888 6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061 191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328 700 710 720 730 740 20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839 14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686 216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472 350 360 370 380 390 10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055 11,347 7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895 8,104 196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572 199.331 750 760 770 780 790 22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085 23,398 15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599 16,830 218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113 220.512 400 410 420 430 440 11,640 11,932 12,225 12,518 12,811 8,314 8,523 8,733 8,943 9,153 200.071 200.794 201.499 202.189 202.863 800 810 820 830 840 23,714 24,027 24,342 24,658 24,974 17,061 17,292 17,524 17,757 17,990 220.907 221.298 221.684 222.067 222.447 450 460 470 480 490 13,105 13,399 13,693 13,988 14,285 9,363 9,574 9,786 9,997 10,210 203.523 204.170 204.803 205.424 206.033 850 860 870 880 890 25,292 25,610 25,928 26,248 26,568 18,224 18,459 18,695 18,931 19,168 222.822 223.194 223.562 223.927 224.288 500 510 520 530 540 14,581 14,876 15,172 15,469 15,766 10,423 10,635 10,848 11,062 11,277 206.630 207.216 207.792 208.358 208.914 900 910 920 930 940 26,890 27,210 27,532 27,854 28,178 19,407 19,644 19,883 20,122 20,362 224.647 225.002 225.353 225.701 226.047 550 560 570 580 590 16,064 16,363 16,662 16,962 17,262 11,492 11,707 11,923 12,139 12,356 209.461 209.999 210.528 211.049 211.562 950 960 970 980 990 28,501 28,826 29,151 29,476 29,803 20,603 20,844 21,086 21,328 21,571 226.389 226.728 227.064 227.398 227.728 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 910 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 911 TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 (Concluded) _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K T K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762 21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782 228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104 24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol·K 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075 41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777 247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979 231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654 44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524 249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874 26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845 234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417 47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957 251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726 40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227 42,915 29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919 31,441 236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376 238.878 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676 77,496 52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553 57,958 254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027 257.810 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 43,605 44,295 44,988 45,682 46,377 31,964 32,489 33,014 33,543 34,071 239.375 239.865 240.350 240.827 241.301 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 79,320 81,149 82,981 84,814 86,650 59,366 60,779 62,195 63,613 65,033 258.580 259.332 260.073 260.799 261.512 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 47,073 47,771 48,470 49,168 49,869 34,601 35,133 35,665 36,197 36,732 241.768 242.228 242.685 243.137 243.585 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 88,488 90,328 92,171 94,014 95,859 66,455 67,880 69,306 70,734 72,163 262.213 262.902 263.577 264.241 264.895 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 50,571 51,275 51,980 52,686 53,393 37,268 37,806 38,344 38,884 39,424 244.028 244.464 244.896 245.324 245.747 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 97,705 99,556 101,407 103,260 105,115 73,593 75,028 76,464 77,902 79,341 265.538 266.170 266.793 267.404 268.007 1700 1720 1740 54,099 54,807 55,516 39,965 40,507 41,049 246.166 246.580 246.990 3150 3200 3250 106,972 108,830 110,690 80,782 82,224 83,668 268.601 269.186 269.763 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 911 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 912 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol·K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 0 220 230 240 250 0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275 0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197 0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885 600 610 620 630 640 17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219 12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898 226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429 260 270 280 290 298 7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682 5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203 201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033 650 660 670 680 690 19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854 14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116 228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885 300 310 320 330 340 8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916 6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090 205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904 700 710 720 730 740 21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510 15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357 231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201 350 360 370 380 390 10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109 11,409 7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949 8,166 209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222 213.002 750 760 770 780 790 22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850 24,186 16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364 17,618 233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960 235.387 400 410 420 430 440 11,711 12,012 12,314 12,618 12,923 8,384 8,603 8,822 9,043 9,264 213.765 214.510 215.241 215.955 216.656 800 810 820 830 840 24,523 24,861 25,199 25,537 25,877 17,872 18,126 18,382 18,637 18,893 235.810 236.230 236.644 237.055 237.462 450 460 470 480 490 13,228 13,525 13,842 14,151 14,460 9,487 9,710 9,935 10,160 10,386 217.342 218.016 218.676 219.326 219.963 850 860 870 880 890 26,218 26,559 26,899 27,242 27,584 19,150 19,408 19,666 19,925 20,185 237.864 238.264 238.660 239.051 239.439 500 510 520 530 540 14,770 15,082 15,395 15,708 16,022 10,614 10,842 11,071 11,301 11,533 220.589 221.206 221.812 222.409 222.997 900 910 920 930 940 27,928 28,272 28,616 28,960 29,306 20,445 20,706 20,967 21,228 21,491 239.823 240.203 240.580 240.953 241.323 550 560 570 580 590 16,338 16,654 16,971 17,290 17,609 11,765 11,998 12,232 12,467 12,703 223.576 224.146 224.708 225.262 225.808 950 960 970 980 990 29,652 29,999 30,345 30,692 31,041 21,754 22,017 22,280 22,544 22,809 241.689 242.052 242.411 242.768 242.120 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 912 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 913 TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 (Concluded) _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194 23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214 243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734 25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923 246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312 28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198 44,923 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866 44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568 263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620 47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490 265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505 249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668 50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208 267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504 31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891 33,449 252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404 254.932 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316 81,243 55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193 61,704 271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891 274.809 45,648 46,374 47,102 47,831 48,561 34,008 34,567 35,129 35,692 36,256 255.454 255.968 256.475 256.978 257.474 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 83,174 85,112 87,057 89,004 90,956 63,219 64,742 66,271 67,802 69,339 275.625 276.424 277.207 277.979 278.738 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 49,292 50,024 50,756 51,490 52,224 36,821 37,387 37,952 38,520 39,088 257.965 258.450 258.928 259.402 259.870 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 92,916 94,881 96,852 98,826 100,808 70,883 72,433 73,987 75,546 77,112 279.485 280.219 280.942 281.654 282.357 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 52,961 53,696 54,434 55,172 55,912 39,658 40,227 40,799 41,370 41,944 260.333 260.791 261.242 261.690 262.132 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 102,793 104,785 106,780 108,778 110,784 78,682 80,258 81,837 83,419 85,009 283.048 283.728 284.399 285.060 285.713 1700 1720 1740 56,652 57,394 58,136 42,517 43,093 43,669 262.571 263.005 263.435 3150 3200 3250 112,795 114,809 116,827 86,601 88,203 89,804 286.355 286.989 287.614 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 913 T K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 914 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol·K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 0 220 230 240 250 0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627 0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548 0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337 600 610 620 630 640 22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190 17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869 243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282 260 270 280 290 298 7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364 5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885 208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685 650 660 670 680 690 24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631 19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894 247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952 300 310 320 330 340 9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959 6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131 213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694 700 710 720 730 740 27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124 21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972 250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439 350 360 370 380 390 11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552 12,960 8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392 9,718 219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122 224.182 750 760 770 780 790 29,629 30,135 30,644 31,154 31,665 23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669 25,097 254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110 256.762 400 410 420 430 440 13,372 13,787 14,206 14,628 15,054 10,046 10,378 10,714 11,053 11,393 225.225 226.250 227.258 228.252 229.230 800 810 820 830 840 32,179 32,694 33,212 33,730 34,251 25,527 25,959 26,394 26,829 27,267 257.408 258.048 258.682 259.311 259.934 450 460 470 480 490 15,483 15,916 16,351 16,791 17,232 11,742 12,091 12,444 12,800 13,158 230.194 231.144 232.080 233.004 233.916 850 860 870 880 890 34,773 35,296 35,821 36,347 36,876 27,706 28,125 28,588 29,031 29,476 260.551 261.164 261.770 262.371 262.968 500 510 520 530 540 17,678 18,126 18,576 19,029 19,485 13,521 13,885 14,253 14,622 14,996 234.814 235.700 236.575 237.439 238.292 900 910 920 930 940 37,405 37,935 38,467 39,000 39,535 29,922 30,369 30,818 31,268 31,719 263.559 264.146 264.728 265.304 265.877 550 560 570 580 590 19,945 20,407 20,870 21,337 21,807 15,372 15,751 16,131 16,515 16,902 239.135 239.962 240.789 241.602 242.405 950 960 970 980 990 40,070 40,607 41,145 41,685 42,226 32,171 32,625 33,081 33,537 33,995 266.444 267.007 267.566 268.119 268.670 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 914 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 915 TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 (Concluded) _ _ _ T u s° h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K kJ/kmol T K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153 34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174 269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724 39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196 71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897 301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198 274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197 76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067 304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374 43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739 297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864 82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404 307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160 59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963 64,116 48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656 52,643 283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439 287.283 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035 122,091 92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912 102,552 313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695 319.011 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 65,271 66,427 67,586 68,748 66,911 53,631 54,621 55,614 56,609 57,606 288.106 288.934 289.743 290.542 291.333 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 125,152 128,219 131,290 134,368 137,449 105,197 107,849 110,504 113,166 115,832 320.302 321.566 322.808 324.026 325.222 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 71,078 72,246 73,417 74,590 76,767 58,606 59,609 60,613 61,620 62,630 292.114 292.888 292.654 294.411 295.161 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 140,533 143,620 146,713 149,808 152,908 118,500 121,172 123,849 126,528 129,212 326.396 327.549 328.684 329.800 330.896 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 76,944 78,123 79,303 80,486 81,670 63,741 64,653 65,668 66,592 67,702 295.901 296.632 297.356 298.072 298.781 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 156,009 159,117 162,226 165,341 168,456 131,898 134,589 137,283 139,982 142,681 331.975 333.037 334.084 335.114 336.126 1700 1720 1740 82,856 84,043 85,231 68,721 69,742 70,764 299.482 300.177 300.863 3150 3200 3250 171,576 174,695 177,822 145,385 148,089 150,801 337.124 338.109 339.069 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 915 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 916 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol·K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 0 220 230 240 250 0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266 0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188 0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411 600 610 620 630 640 17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833 12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512 218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179 260 270 280 290 298 7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669 5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190 193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543 650 660 670 680 690 19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378 13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641 220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505 300 310 320 330 340 8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889 6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062 197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371 700 710 720 730 740 20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943 14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789 222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692 350 360 370 380 390 10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058 11,351 7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899 8,108 202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622 205.383 750 760 770 780 790 22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208 23,526 16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723 16,957 225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357 226.762 400 410 420 430 440 11,644 11,938 12,232 12,526 12,821 8,319 8,529 8,740 8,951 9,163 206.125 206.850 207.549 208.252 208.929 800 810 820 830 840 23,844 24,164 24,483 24,803 25,124 17,193 17,429 17,665 17,902 18,140 227.162 227.559 227.952 228.339 228.724 450 460 470 480 490 13,116 13,412 13,708 14,005 14,302 9,375 9,587 9,800 10,014 10,228 209.593 210.243 210.880 211.504 212.117 850 860 870 880 890 25,446 25,768 26,091 26,415 26,740 18,379 18,617 18,858 19,099 19,341 229.106 229.482 229.856 230.227 230.593 500 510 520 530 540 14,600 14,898 15,197 15,497 15,797 10,443 10,658 10,874 11,090 11,307 212.719 213.310 213.890 214.460 215.020 900 910 920 930 940 27,066 27,392 27,719 28,046 28,375 19,583 19,826 20,070 20,314 20,559 230.957 231.317 231.674 232.028 232.379 550 560 570 580 590 16,097 16,399 16,701 17,003 17,307 11,524 11,743 11,961 12,181 12,401 215.572 216.115 216.649 217.175 217.693 950 960 970 980 990 28,703 29,033 29,362 29,693 30,024 20,805 21,051 21,298 21,545 21,793 232.727 233.072 233.413 233.752 234.088 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 916 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 917 TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded) _ _ _ T u s° h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K kJ/kmol T K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029 22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049 234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406 24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629 42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331 253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587 237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238 44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108 255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497 27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201 240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044 47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584 257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370 40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613 43,309 29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306 31,836 243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880 245.388 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345 78,178 52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222 58,640 261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692 264.480 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 44,007 44,707 45,408 46,110 46,813 32,367 32,900 33,434 33,971 34,508 245.889 246.385 246.876 247.360 247.839 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 80,015 81,852 83,692 85,537 87,383 60,060 61,482 62,906 64,335 65,766 265.253 266.012 266.755 267.485 268.202 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 47,517 48,222 48,928 49,635 50,344 35,046 35,584 36,124 36,665 37,207 248.312 248.778 249.240 249.695 250.147 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 89,230 91,077 92,930 94,784 96,639 67,197 68,628 70,066 71,504 72,945 268.905 269.596 270.285 270.943 271.602 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 51,053 51,763 52,472 53,184 53,895 37,750 38,293 38,837 39,382 39,927 250.592 251.033 251.470 251.901 252.329 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 98,495 100,352 102,210 104,073 105,939 74,383 75,825 77,267 78,715 80,164 272.249 272.884 273.508 274.123 274.730 1700 1720 1740 54,609 55,323 56,039 40,474 41,023 41,572 252.751 253.169 253.582 3150 3200 3250 107,802 109,667 111,534 81,612 83,061 84,513 275.326 275.914 276.494 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 917 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 918 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–22 Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol·K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 0 260 270 280 290 0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233 0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822 0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990 30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687 177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820 298 300 320 340 360 8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262 5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268 130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039 1640 1680 1720 1760 1800 49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618 35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652 181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724 380 400 420 440 460 10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179 7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355 137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187 1840 1880 1920 1960 2000 55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400 40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771 185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297 480 500 520 560 600 13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107 17,280 9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451 12,291 144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945 150.968 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328 70,080 46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037 51,373 189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598 192.385 640 680 720 760 800 18,453 19,630 20,807 21,988 23,171 13,133 13,976 14,821 15,669 16,520 152.863 154.645 156.328 157.923 159.440 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 71,839 73,608 75,383 77,168 78,960 52,716 54,069 55,429 56,798 58,175 193.159 193.921 194.669 195.403 196.125 840 880 920 960 1000 24,359 25,551 26,747 27,948 29,154 17,375 18,235 19,098 19,966 20,839 160.891 162.277 163.607 164.884 166.114 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 80,755 82,558 84,368 86,186 88,008 59,554 60,941 62,335 63,737 65,144 196.837 197.539 198.229 198.907 199.575 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 30,364 31,580 32,802 34,028 35,262 21,717 22,601 23,490 24,384 25,284 167.300 168.449 169.560 170.636 171.682 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 89,838 91,671 93,512 95,358 97,211 66,558 67,976 69,401 70,831 72,268 200.234 200.885 201.527 202.157 202.778 1240 1280 1320 1360 1400 36,502 37,749 39,002 40,263 41,530 26,192 27,106 28,027 28,955 29,889 172.698 173.687 174.652 175.593 176.510 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250 99,065 100,926 102,793 104,667 106,545 73,707 75,152 76,604 78,061 79,523 203.391 203.995 204.592 205.181 205.765 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 918 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 919 TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ ° s kJ/kmol·K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol·K 0 220 230 240 250 0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294 0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215 0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831 600 610 620 630 640 20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862 15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541 212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285 260 270 280 290 298 8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904 6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425 184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720 650 660 670 680 690 22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714 16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978 215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071 300 310 320 330 340 9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314 7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487 188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144 700 710 720 730 740 24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597 18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444 218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707 350 360 370 380 390 11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672 13,014 8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513 9,771 194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920 197.807 750 760 770 780 790 25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125 27,510 19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639 20,941 221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717 223.207 400 410 420 430 440 13,356 13,699 14,043 14,388 14,734 10,030 10,290 10,551 10,813 11,075 198.673 199.521 200.350 201.160 201.955 800 810 820 830 840 27,896 28,284 28,672 29,062 29,454 21,245 21,549 21,855 22,162 22,470 223.693 224.174 224.651 225.123 225.592 450 460 470 480 490 15,080 15,428 15,777 16,126 16,477 11,339 11,603 11,869 12,135 12,403 202.734 203.497 204.247 204.982 205.705 850 860 870 880 890 29,846 30,240 30,635 31,032 31,429 22,779 23,090 23,402 23,715 24,029 226.057 226.517 226.973 227.426 227.875 500 510 520 530 540 16,828 17,181 17,534 17,889 18,245 12,671 12,940 13,211 13,482 13,755 206.413 207.112 207.799 208.475 209.139 900 910 920 930 940 31,828 32,228 32,629 33,032 33,436 24,345 24,662 24,980 25,300 25,621 228.321 228.763 229.202 229.637 230.070 550 560 570 580 590 18,601 18,959 19,318 19,678 20,039 14,028 14,303 14,579 14,856 15,134 209.795 210.440 211.075 211.702 212.320 950 960 970 980 990 33,841 34,247 34,653 35,061 35,472 25,943 26,265 26,588 26,913 27,240 230.499 230.924 231.347 231.767 232.184 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 919 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 920 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O (Continued) _ _ _ T u ° s h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K kJ/kmol T K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223 27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243 232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509 30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506 55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207 258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357 236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540 60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411 260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022 34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270 240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735 64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275 263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081 48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521 52,434 38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213 40,960 243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915 246.582 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199 100,846 72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076 81,308 268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839 272.978 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 53,351 54,273 55,198 56,128 57,062 41,711 42,466 43,226 43,989 44,756 247.241 247.895 248.543 249.185 249.820 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 103,508 106,183 108,868 111,565 114,273 83,553 85,811 88,082 90,364 92,656 274.098 275.201 276.286 277.354 278.407 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 57,999 58,942 59,888 60,838 61,792 45,528 46,304 47,084 47,868 48,655 250.450 251.074 251.693 252.305 252.912 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 116,991 119,717 122,453 125,198 127,952 94,958 97,269 99,588 101,917 104,256 279.441 280.462 281.464 282.453 283.429 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 62,748 63,709 64,675 65,643 66,614 49,445 50,240 51,039 51,841 52,646 253.513 254.111 254.703 255.290 255.873 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 130,717 133,486 136,264 139,051 141,846 106,605 108,959 111,321 113,692 116,072 284.390 285.338 286.273 287.194 288.102 1700 1720 1740 67,589 68,567 69,550 53,455 54,267 55,083 256.450 257.022 257.589 3150 3200 3250 144,648 147,457 150,272 118,458 120,851 123,250 288.999 289.884 290.756 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 920 _ s° kJ/kmol·K 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 921 TABLE A–24 Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol 0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852 0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314 _ ° s kJ/kmol·K 0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493 T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s ° kJ/kmol·K 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932 30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832 204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831 T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol·K 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 77,015 78,801 80,592 82,388 84,189 85,995 87,806 89,622 91,442 93,266 95,095 96,927 98,763 102,447 106,145 109,855 113,578 117,312 57,061 58,431 59,806 61,186 62,572 63,962 65,358 66,757 68,162 69,570 70,983 72,400 73,820 76,673 79,539 82,418 85,309 88,212 248.628 249.364 250.088 250.799 251.499 252.187 252.864 253.530 254.186 254.832 255.468 256.094 256.712 257.919 259.093 260.235 261.347 262.429 TABLE A–25 Ideal-gas properties of hydroxyl, OH _ _ T u h K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol 0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 0 9,188 9,244 15,181 30,123 46,046 49,358 52,706 56,089 59,505 62,952 64,687 66,428 68,177 69,932 71,694 73,462 75,236 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 921 0 6,709 6,749 11,024 21,809 33,575 36,055 38,571 41,123 43,708 46,323 47,642 48,968 50,301 51,641 52,987 54,339 55,697 _ ° s kJ/kmol·K 0 183.594 183.779 198.955 219.624 232.506 234.642 236.672 238.606 240.453 242.221 243.077 243.917 244.740 245.547 246.338 247.116 247.879 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 922 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–26 Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 25°C, 1 atm _ _ _ s° ° g ° h f f kJ/kmol·K kJ/kmol Substance Formula kJ/kmol Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane n-Butane n-Octane n-Octane n-Dodecane Benzene Methyl alcohol Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Hydroxyl cen22672_app01_881-930.indd C(s) H2(g) N2(g) O2(g) CO(g) CO2(g) H2O(g) H2O(l) H2O2(g) NH3(g) CH4(g) C2H2(g) C2H4(g) C2H6(g) C3H6(g) C3H8(g) C4H10(g) C8H18(g) C8H18(l) C12H26(g) C6H6(g) CH3OH(g) CH3OH(l) C2H5OH(g) C2H5OH(l) O(g) H(g) N(g) OH(g) 922 0 0 0 0 −110,530 −393,520 −241,820 −285,830 −136,310 −46,190 −74,850 +226,730 +52,280 −84,680 +20,410 −103,850 −126,150 −208,450 −249,950 −291,010 +82,930 −200,670 −238,660 −235,310 −277,690 +249,190 +218,000 +472,650 +39,460 0 0 0 0 −137,150 −394,360 −228,590 −237,180 −105,600 −16,590 −50,790 +209,170 +68,120 −32,890 +62,720 −23,490 −15,710 +16,530 +6,610 +50,150 +129,660 −162,000 −166,360 −168,570 −174,890 +231,770 +203,290 +455,510 +34,280 5.74 130.68 191.61 205.04 197.65 213.80 188.83 69.92 232.63 192.33 186.16 200.85 219.83 229.49 266.94 269.91 310.12 466.73 360.79 622.83 269.20 239.70 126.80 282.59 160.70 161.06 114.72 153.30 183.70 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 923 TABLE A–27 Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons Fuel (phase) Formula Carbon (s) Hydrogen (g) Carbon monoxide (g) Methane (g) Methanol (l) Acetylene (g) Ethane (g) Ethanol (l) Propane (l) Butane (l) 1-Pentene (l) Isopentane (l) Benzene (l) Hexene (l) Hexane (l) Toluene (l) Heptane (l) Octane (l) Decane (l) Gasoline (l) Light diesel (l) Heavy diesel (l) Natural gas (g) C H2 CO CH4 CH4O C2H2 C2H6 C2H6O C3H8 C4H10 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C8H18 C10H22 CnH1.87n CnH1.8n CnH1.7n CnH3.8nN0.1n 1 2 3 Molar mass, kg/kmol 12.011 2.016 28.013 16.043 32.042 26.038 30.070 46.069 44.097 58.123 70.134 72.150 78.114 84.161 86.177 92.141 100.204 114.231 142.285 100–110 170 200 18 Density,1 kg/L 2 — — — 0.790 — — 0.790 0.500 0.579 0.641 0.626 0.877 0.673 0.660 0.867 0.684 0.703 0.730 0.72–0.78 0.78–0.84 0.82–0.88 — Enthalpy of vaporization,2 kJ/kg — — — 509 1168 — 172 919 335 362 363 — 433 392 366 412 365 363 361 350 270 230 — Specific heat,1 cp kJ/kg·K Higher heating value,3 kJ/kg Lower heating value,3 kJ/kg 0.708 14.4 1.05 2.20 2.53 1.69 1.75 2.44 2.77 2.42 2.20 2.32 1.72 1.84 2.27 1.71 2.24 2.23 2.21 2.4 2.2 1.9 2 32,800 141,800 10,100 55,530 22,660 49,970 51,900 29,670 50,330 49,150 47,760 48,570 41,800 47,500 48,310 42,400 48,100 47,890 47,640 47,300 46,100 45,500 50,000 32,800 120,000 10,100 50,050 19,920 48,280 47,520 26,810 46,340 45,370 44,630 44,910 40,100 44,400 44,740 40,500 44,600 44,430 44,240 44,000 43,200 42,800 45,000 At 1 atm and 20°C. At 25°C for liquid fuels, and 1 atm and normal boiling temperature for gaseous fuels. At 25°C. Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in kJ/kmol. cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 923 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 924 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–28 Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant Kp νD PνCCP D The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction νAA + νBB ⇌ νCC + νD D is defined as Kp≡ _______     νB PνAAP B Temp., K 298 500 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 H2 ⇋ 2H O2 ⇋ 2O −164.005 −186.975 −92.827 −105.630 −39.803 −45.150 −30.874 −35.005 −24.463 −27.742 −19.637 −22.285 −15.866 −18.030 −12.840 −14.622 −10.353 −11.827 −8.276 −9.497 −6.517 −7.521 −5.002 −5.826 −3.685 −4.357 −2.534 −3.072 −1.516 −1.935 −0.609 −0.926 0.202 −0.019 0.934 0.796 2.486 2.513 3.725 3.895 4.743 5.023 5.590 5.963 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 924 N2 ⇋ 2N −367.480 −213.372 −99.127 −80.011 −66.329 −56.055 −48.051 −41.645 −36.391 −32.011 −28.304 −25.117 −22.359 −19.937 −17.800 −15.898 −14.199 −12.660 −9.414 −6.807 −4.666 −2.865 H2O ⇋ H2 + ½O2 −92.208 −52.691 −23.163 −18.182 −14.609 −11.921 −9.826 −8.145 −6.768 −5.619 −4.648 −3.812 −3.086 −2.451 −1.891 −1.392 −0.945 −0.542 0.312 0.996 1.560 2.032 H2O ⇋ ½H2 + OH −106.208 −60.281 −26.034 −20.283 −16.099 −13.066 −10.657 −8.728 −7.148 −5.832 −4.719 −3.763 −2.937 −2.212 −1.576 −1.088 −0.501 −0.044 0.920 1.689 2.318 2.843 CO2 ⇋ CO + ½O2 −103.762 −57.616 −23.529 −17.871 −13.842 −10.830 −8.497 −6.635 −5.120 −3.860 −2.801 −1.894 −1.111 −0.429 0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490 3.197 3.771 4.245 ½N2 + ½O2 ⇋ NO −35.052 −20.295 −9.388 −7.569 −6.270 −5.294 −4.536 −3.931 −3.433 −3.019 −2.671 −2.372 −2.114 −1.888 −1.690 −1.513 −1.356 −1.216 −0.921 −0.686 −0.497 −0.341 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 925 7.5 0.50 7.0 0.55 TR 6.5 0.60 0.65 0.70 6.0 Sa tur ate d 5.5 4.5 0.80 0.85 4.0 0.75 0.85 0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 0.90 1.10 0.92 3.5 0.94 1.20 0.96 3.0 1.15 1.25 1.30 0.98 2.5 1.40 2.0 1.50 1.60 1.5 1.70 1.80 1.0 or vap 5 ted 0.9 ura t a S 0 0.9 0.5 1.90 2.00 2.20 1.1 1.2 0 0 Entalpi sapması 0.75 0.90 1. 00 –– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Enthalpy departure Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr 5.0 0.80 liq uid 30 1. 0 1.5 2.40 2.60 2.80 2.00 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 3.00 4.00 0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 10 20 30 Reduced pressure, P R FIGURE A–29 Generalized enthalpy departure chart. Genelleştirilmiş entalpi sapma diyagramı 0.500 0.400 = TR 0. 80 0.300 0.200 0 0.9 0 9 = TR SSa attuu rraa tteed dv vaap poo urr –– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Enthalpy departure Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr İndirgenmiş basınç 0. 0 1.0 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 0.100 2.00 0.000 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 P R cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 925 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 9.0 TRr 8.0 0.500 urr 0 ppoo vvaa 0.9 d d e = te TR rraat u u t t SSaa 0 1.0 0.400 0.300 0. 80 Entropy departure 10.0 sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Zs = ————– Ru R 926 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS 0.200 0.100 0.000 0 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 PR 7.0 0.55 0.60 sid igqau dedl artaet tautur SSa sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Entropy departure Zs = ————– Ru R 0.50 6.0 5.0 0.75 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.85 4.0 0.85 0.90 0.90 0.94 0.92 0.96 1.00 1.02 0.96 3.0 0.92 0.98 0.94 0.94 0.98 1.04 0.98 1.06 1.10 1.0.95 00 por ted va 0 Satura 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40.5 4 1.0 .10 1 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.0 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.80 2.00 3.00 2.0 1.06 1.15 1.20 1.0 1.02 1.08 2.0 0 0.65 FIGURE A–30 Generalized entropy departure chart. 2.50 3.0 4.0 5.0 10 20 30 Genelleştirilmiş entropi sapma diyagramı Reduced pressure, PR İndirgenmiş basınç cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 926 11/06/17 09:32 AM 2.5 0.2 5 10 10 10 15 ur t Sa n io at pe m te 15 C e° 20 ur at r pe 80 0.8 4 20 25 6 0.8 % 50 6 % 40 Dry bulb temperature °C 20 0% 30% 10% re ity 30 C re ° atu per tem umid lative h 8 30 ulb wet b 20% 25 0.8 2 0.8 0.8 0 0.7 8 FIGURE A–31 Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure. 5 30 50 py al th En ilo )k (h 60 u jo s le y am gr ilo 70 rk dr r ai 30 0 0.9 40 dry 40 Enthalpy Dh —————— = —— Humidity ratio D 2.0 am 0 0 90 100 ec per gr kilo 20 4.0 0.4 –Σ 1.0 1.5 – 5.0 2.0 4.0 – 2.0 DHS – Σ Sensible heat —————– = —— – 4.0 0.0 Total heat DHT – 2.0 1.0 1.0 4 0 5.0 10.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 3 0. 927 0.1 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 3.0 Σ – 0.2 % .5 90 –0 lum % 2 vo eter 80 0.9 cm ubi % Sea Level 0.9 70 2 4 6 8 50 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 0.95 1.0 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.36 Final PDF to printer 927 air 11/06/17 09:32 AM DHS Sensible heat —————– = —— Total heat DHT Humidity ratio ( ) grams moisture per kilogram dry air Final PDF to printer 928 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS ___________ TABLE A–32 a* = M One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an ideal gas with k = 1.4 Ma Ma* A/A* 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 5.0 ∞ 0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640 2.2361 2.2495 ∞ 5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346 25.000 ∞ P/P0 ρ/ρ0 1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272 0.0019 0 A 1 2 k−1 2 ___ =  ___ ( _____ )(1 +  _____   Ma )   ] A* Ma k + 1 2 T/T0 1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760 0.0113 0 √ k+1 Ma ___________   2 2 + ( k − 1)Ma 1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571 0.1667 0 0.5( k + 1)/( k − 1) P k−1 2 __                 =    1 +  _____   Ma     ) P0 ( 2 −k/(k − 1) ρ k−1 2 __ = 1 +  _____   Ma   ) ρ0 ( 2 −1/( k − 1) ( ) −1 T k−1 2 ___ = 1 +  _____   Ma   T0 2 3.0 A/A* Compressible flow functions 2.5 2.0 Ma* 1.5 1.0 T/T0 0.5 ρ/ρ* P/P0 0 0 0.5 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 928 1.0 1.5 Ma 2.0 2.5 3.0 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 929 T01 = T02 TABLE A–33 ____________ √ (k − 1)Ma21+ 2 a2 = ___________ M    2kMa21− k + 1 One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k = 1.4 Ma1 1 + kMa2 2kMa2− k + 1 P 1 1 __ 2 = ________= ___________    P1 1 + kMa22 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.0 5.0 ∞ k+1 ( k + 1)Ma1 ρ P2/ P1 ___________ V __ 2 = _____ = ___1 = 2 1    T2/T1 2+(k − 1)Ma21 V2 ρ                      2 ( ) 2 + M a k − 1 T 1 ___ 2 = ___________ T1 2 + Ma22(k − 1) 1 + Ma2(k − 1)/ 2 Ma2[1 + Ma21(k − 1)/ 2] (k + 1)[2(k − 1)] P Ma 2 ___ 02 = ____1 _______________        P01 P ( ] 1)[ 2 ___ 02 = ___________________________       1 + kMa2 1 + Ma2(k − 1)/ 2 k/(k − 1) P01 1 + kMa22 Ma2 1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752 0.4350 0.4152 0.3780 P2/P1 1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333 18.5000 29.000 ∞ ρ2/ρ1 1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571 4.5714 5.0000 6.0000 T2/T1 1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790 4.0469 5.8000 ∞ P02/P01 1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283 0.1388 0.0617 0 P02/P1 1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7136 3.0492 3.4133 3.8050 4.2238 4.6695 5.1418 5.6404 6.1654 6.7165 7.2937 7.8969 8.5261 9.1813 9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610 21.0681 32.6335 ∞ 5.0 P02 /P1 P2 /P1 Normal shock functions 4.0 ρ2 /ρ1 3.0 T2/T1 2.0 1.0 Ma2 P02 /P01 0 1.0 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 929 1.5 2.0 Ma1 2.5 3.0 11/06/17 09:32 AM Final PDF to printer 930 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS ( k + 1)Ma2[2 + (k − 1)Ma2] T _____________________    ___0 =     (1 + kMa2)2 T*0 TABLE A–34 Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k = 1.4 1 + kMa ( ) k/( k − 1) P k+1 2 + (k − 1)Ma ___     0 = _______     _____________ Ma T0/ T*0 P0/ P*0 T/T* P/P* V/V* 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 0.0000 0.0468 0.1736 0.3469 0.5290 0.6914 0.8189 0.9085 0.9639 0.9921 1.0000 0.9787 0.9343 0.8842 0.8363 0.7934 0.7561 0.7242 0.6970 0.6738 0.6540 1.2679 1.2591 1.2346 1.1985 1.1566 1.1141 1.0753 1.0431 1.0193 1.0049 1.0000 1.0194 1.0777 1.1756 1.3159 1.5031 1.7434 2.0451 2.4177 2.8731 3.4245 0.0000 0.0560 0.2066 0.4089 0.6151 0.7901 0.9167 0.9929 1.0255 1.0245 1.0000 0.9118 0.8054 0.7017 0.6089 0.5289 0.4611 0.4038 0.3556 0.3149 0.2803 2.4000 2.3669 2.2727 2.1314 1.9608 1.7778 1.5957 1.4235 1.2658 1.1246 1.0000 0.7958 0.6410 0.5236 0.4335 0.3636 0.3086 0.2648 0.2294 0.2004 0.1765 0.0000 0.0237 0.0909 0.1918 0.3137 0.4444 0.5745 0.6975 0.8101 0.9110 1.0000 1.1459 1.2564 1.3403 1.4046 1.4545 1.4938 1.5252 1.5505 1.5711 1.5882 P*0 2 k+1 2 T Ma(1 + k)                  ___ =  _________     T* ( 1 + kMa2) P 1+k ___= _______2 P* 1 + kMa V ρ* _________ (1 + k)Ma2 ___= ___ = * V ρ 1 + kMa2 2 3.5 P0 /P0* 3.0 Rayleigh flow functions 2.5 2.0 V/V * 1.5 1.0 T0 /T 0* 0.5 T/T * P/P* 0 0 0.5 cen22672_app01_881-930.indd 930 1.0 1.5 Ma 2.0 2.5 3.0 11/06/17 09:32 AM B ile verilen TABLO ve ŞEKİLLER Tablo B.1 Kritik Sabitler Tablo B.2 Bazı Katıların ve Sıvıların 25°C için Özelikleri Tablo B.3 Değişik Mükemmel Gazların 25°C için Özelikleri Tablo B.4 Değişik Mükemmel Gazların Sabit-Basınç Özgül Isıları Tablo B.5 Havanın Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri (u, h, so) Tablo B.6 Havanın Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri (Pr, vr) Tablo B.7 Değişik Gazlar için, Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri (u, h, so) Tablo B.8 Değişik Gazların Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri (h-ho) Tablo B.9 Değişik Maddeler için Oluşum Entalpisi ve Mutlak Entropi Tablo B.10 Denge Sabiti K’nın, e Tabanına Göre Logaritması Tablo B.11 Suyun Termodinamik Özelikleri Tablo B.12 Doymuş Su Sıcaklık Tablosu Tablo B.13 Kızgın Su Buharı Tablo B.14 Sıkıştırılmış Sıvı Su Tablo B.15 Doymuş Katı-Doymuş Buhar, Su Tablo B.16 Termodinamik Özelikler, Doymuş Amonyak Tablo B.17 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Amonyak Buharı Tablo B.18 Termodinamik Özelikler, Karbon Dioksit Tablo B.19 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Karbon Dioksit Tablo B.20 Termodinamik Özelikler, R-410A Tablo B.21 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Buhar R-410A Tablo B.22 Termodinamik Özelikler, R-134a Tablo B.23 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Buhar R-134a Tablo B.24 Termodinamik Özelikler, Azot Tablo B.25 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Buhar Azot Tablo B.26 Termodinamik Özelikler, Doymuş Metan Tablo B.27 Termodinamik Özelikler, Kızgın Buhar Metan Şekil B.1 Psikrometrik Diyagram Not: B ile verilen tablolar; “https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9780470970751.app2” sitesindeki ve çeşitli ücretsiz kaynaklardaki bilgiler derlenerek oluşturulmuştur. TABLO-B1 Kritik Sabitler Kimyasal Madde Formül Amonyak Argon Bromin Karbon dioksit Karbon monoksit Klorin Fluorin Helyum Hidrojen (normal) Kripton Neon Azot monoksit Azot Azot dioksit Nitröz asit Oksijen Kükürt dioksit Su Xenon Asetilen Benzen n-Butan Chlorodifluoroethane (142b) Chlorodifluoromethane (22) Dichlorofluoroethane (141) Dichlorotrifluoroethane (123) Difluoroethane (152a) Difluoromethane Ethan Etil alkol Etilen n-Heptan n-Hexan Methan Metil alkol n-Octan Pentafluoroethane (125) n-Pentan Propan Propen Soğutkan karışımı Tetrafluoroethane (134a) Mol Kütlesi Sıcaklık (kg/kmol (K) Basınç (MPa) Özgül Hacim (m3/kg) TABLO-B2 TABLO-B2 (Devam) Bazı katıların 25ºC'daki Özellikleri Madde r (kg/m3) Asfalt Tuğla, bilinen Karbon, elmas Karbon, grafit Kömür Beton Cam, levha Cam, elyaf (yün) Granit Buz(0ºC) Kağıt Fleksiglas (Plexiglass) Polistren Polivinil klorid Lastik, yumuşak Kum, kuru Tuz, kaya Silikon Kar, katı,sıkı Tahta, sert(akçaağaç v.b.) Tahta, yumuşak(çam v.b.) Yün Metaller Alüminyum Prinç, 60–40 Bakır, ticari Altın Demir, döküm Demir, 304 St Çelik Kurşun Magnesyum, %2 Mn Nikel, %10 Cr Gümüş, %99.9 Ag Sodyum Kalay Tungsten Çinko Bazı Sıvıların 25ºC'daki Özellikleri Cp (kJ/kg.K) Madde r (kg/m3) Amonyak Benzen Bütan CCl4 CO2 Etanol Benzin Gliserin Gaz yağı (Kerosene) Metanol n-Octan Motor yağı Yağ, hafif Propan R-12 R-22 R-32 R-125 R-134a R-410A Su Sıvı metaller Bizmut, Bi Kurşun, Pb Civa, Hg NaK (56/44) Potasyum, K Sodyum, Na Kalay, Sn Çinko, Zn *Veya daha büyükse , Tergime Cp (kJ/kg.K) TABLO-B3 Değişik Mükemmel Gazların Özelikleri, 25ºC, 100 kPa* (SI Birimleri) Gaz Kimyasal Formül Moleküler Kütle (kg/kmol) Buhar (su) Asetilen Hava Amonyak Argon Butan Carbon dioksit Carbon monoksit Ethan Etanol Etilen Helyum Hidrojen Metan Metanol Neon Azot monoksit Azot Nitröz asit n-Octan Oksijen Propan R-12 R-22 R-32 R-125 R-134a R-410A Kükürt dioksit Kükürt trioksit *Veya 100 kPa’dan daha az ise doyma basıncı R (kJ/kg·K) r (kg/m3) Cp0 (kJ/kg·K) Cv0 (kJ/kg·K) TABLO-B4 Değişik Mükemmel Gazların,* Sabit-Basınç Özgül Isıları Buhar (su) Asetilen Hava Amonyak Argon Butan Carbon dioksit Carbon monoksit Ethan Etanol Etilen Helyum Hidrojen Metan Metanol Neon Azot monoksit Azot Nitröz asit n-Octan Oksijen Propan Kükürt dioksit Kükürt trioksit *Yaklaşım formlarının geçerli olduğu sıcaklık aralığı,:: 250 K ile 1200 K arasıdır. † Eşitlik kullanımı en çok 500 K ile sınırlıdır. TABLO-B5 Hava Gazofözelikleri, Standard Entropi, MPa Bar) Ideal Mükemmel Gas Properties Air, Standard Entropy at 0.10.1 MPa (1 (1 Bar) Pressure T (K) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s0T (kJ/kg·K) T (K) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s0T (kJ/kg·K) 200 220 240 260 280 290 298.15 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 142.77 157.07 171.38 185.70 200.02 207.19 213.04 214.36 228.73 243.11 257.53 271.99 286.49 301.04 315.64 330.31 345.04 359.84 374.73 389.69 404.74 419.87 435.10 450.42 465.83 481.34 496.94 512.64 528.44 544.33 560.32 576.40 592.58 633.42 674.82 716.76 759.19 802.10 845.45 200.17 220.22 240.27 260.32 280.39 290.43 298.62 300.47 320.58 340.70 360.86 381.06 401.30 421.59 441.93 462.34 482.81 503.36 523.98 544.69 565.47 586.35 607.32 628.38 649.53 670.78 692.12 713.56 735.10 756.73 778.46 800.28 822.20 877.40 933.15 989.44 1046.22 1103.48 1161.18 6.46260 6.55812 6.64535 6.72562 6.79998 6.83521 6.86305 6.86926 6.93413 6.99515 7.05276 7.10735 7.15926 7.20875 7.25607 7.30142 7.34499 7.38692 7.42736 7.46642 7.50422 7.54084 7.57638 7.61090 7.64448 7.67717 7.70903 7.74010 7.77044 7.80008 7.82905 7.85740 7.88514 7.95207 8.01581 8.07667 8.13493 8.19081 8.24449 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 845.45 889.21 933.37 977.89 1022.75 1067.94 1113.43 1159.20 1205.25 1251.55 1298.08 1344.83 1391.80 1438.97 1486.33 1533.87 1581.59 1629.47 1677.52 1725.71 1774.06 1822.54 1871.16 1919.91 1968.79 2017.79 2066.91 2116.14 2165.48 2214.93 2264.48 2314.13 2363.88 2413.73 2463.66 2513.69 2563.80 2613.99 2664.27 1161.18 1219.30 1277.81 1336.68 1395.89 1455.43 1515.27 1575.40 1635.80 1696.45 1757.33 1818.44 1879.76 1941.28 2002.99 2064.88 2126.95 2189.19 2251.58 2314.13 2376.82 2439.66 2502.63 2565.73 2628.96 2692.31 2755.78 2819.37 2883.06 2946.86 3010.76 3074.77 3138.87 3203.06 3267.35 3331.73 3396.19 3460.73 3525.36 8.24449 8.29616 8.34596 8.39402 8.44046 8.48539 8.52891 8.57111 8.61208 8.65185 8.69051 8.72811 8.76472 8.80039 8.83516 8.86908 8.90219 8.93452 8.96611 8.99699 9.02721 9.05678 9.08573 9.11409 9.14189 9.16913 9.19586 9.22208 9.24781 9.27308 9.29790 9.32228 9.34625 9.36980 9.39297 9.41576 9.43818 9.46025 9.48198 TABLO-B6 TABLE TABLE A.7.2 A.7.2 The The Isentropic Isentropic Relative Relative Pressure Pressure and and Relative Relative Volume Volume Functions Functions Hava Mükemmel Gaz özelikleri, Standard Entropi, 0.1 MPa The Isentropic and Relative T[K] P T[K] P vvrr (1 Bar) T[K] rr T[K] Prr RelativevvPressure T[K] Prr Volume Functions T[K] T[K] P v T[K] P v T[K] r r r r 200 0.2703 493.47 700 23.160 20.155 1900 200 0.2703 493.47 700 23.160 20.155 1900 220 200 220 240 220 240 260 240 260 280 260 280 290 280 290 298.15 290 298.15 300 298.15 300 320 300 320 340 320 340 360 340 360 380 360 380 400 380 400 420 400 420 440 420 440 460 440 460 480 460 480 500 480 500 520 500 520 540 520 540 560 540 560 580 560 580 600 580 600 620 600 620 640 620 640 660 640 660 680 660 680 700 680 700 0.3770 0.2703 0.3770 0.5109 0.3770 0.5109 0.6757 0.5109 0.6757 0.8756 0.6757 0.8756 0.9899 0.8756 0.9899 1.0907 0.9899 1.0907 1.1146 1.0907 1.1146 1.3972 1.1146 1.3972 1.7281 1.3972 1.7281 2.1123 1.7281 2.1123 2.5548 2.1123 2.5548 3.0612 2.5548 3.0612 3.6373 3.0612 3.6373 4.2892 3.6373 4.2892 5.0233 4.2892 5.0233 5.8466 5.0233 5.8466 6.7663 5.8466 6.7663 7.7900 6.7663 7.7900 8.9257 7.7900 8.9257 10.182 8.9257 10.182 11.568 10.182 11.568 13.092 11.568 13.092 14.766 13.092 14.766 16.598 14.766 16.598 18.600 16.598 18.600 20.784 18.600 20.784 23.160 20.784 23.160 700 23.160 389.15 493.47 389.15 313.27 389.15 313.27 256.58 313.27 256.58 213.26 256.58 213.26 195.36 213.26 195.36 182.29 195.36 182.29 179.49 182.29 179.49 152.73 179.49 152.73 131.20 152.73 131.20 113.65 131.20 113.65 99.188 113.65 99.188 87.137 99.188 87.137 77.003 87.137 77.003 68.409 77.003 68.409 61.066 68.409 61.066 54.748 61.066 54.748 49.278 54.748 49.278 44.514 49.278 44.514 40.344 44.514 40.344 36.676 40.344 36.676 33.436 36.676 33.436 30.561 33.436 30.561 28.001 30.561 28.001 25.713 28.001 25.713 23.662 25.713 23.662 21.818 23.662 21.818 20.155 21.818 20.155 720 700 720 740 720 740 760 740 760 780 760 780 800 780 800 850 800 850 900 850 900 950 900 950 1000 950 1000 1050 1000 1050 1100 1050 1100 1150 1100 1150 1200 1150 1200 1250 1200 1250 1300 1250 1300 1350 1300 1350 1400 1350 1400 1450 1400 1450 1500 1450 1500 1550 1500 1550 1600 1550 1600 1650 1600 1650 1700 1650 1700 1750 1700 1750 1800 1750 1800 1850 1800 1850 1900 1850 1900 25.742 23.160 25.742 28.542 25.742 28.542 31.573 28.542 31.573 34.851 31.573 34.851 38.388 34.851 38.388 48.468 38.388 48.468 60.520 48.468 60.520 74.815 60.520 74.815 91.651 74.815 91.651 111.35 91.651 111.35 134.25 111.35 134.25 160.73 134.25 160.73 191.17 160.73 191.17 226.02 191.17 226.02 265.72 226.02 265.72 310.74 265.72 310.74 361.62 310.74 361.62 418.89 361.62 418.89 483.16 418.89 483.16 554.96 483.16 554.96 634.97 554.96 634.97 723.86 634.97 723.86 822.33 723.86 822.33 931.14 822.33 931.14 1051.05 931.14 1051.05 1182.9 1051.05 1182.9 1327.5 1182.9 1327.5 20.155 1900 1327.5 18.652 20.155 18.652 17.289 18.652 17.289 16.052 17.289 16.052 14.925 16.052 14.925 13.897 14.925 13.897 11.695 13.897 11.695 9.9169 11.695 9.9169 8.4677 9.9169 8.4677 7.2760 8.4677 7.2760 6.2885 7.2760 6.2885 5.4641 6.2885 5.4641 4.7714 5.4641 4.7714 4.1859 4.7714 4.1859 3.6880 4.1859 3.6880 3.2626 3.6880 3.2626 2.8971 3.2626 2.8971 2.5817 2.8971 2.5817 2.3083 2.5817 2.3083 2.0703 2.3083 2.0703 1.8625 2.0703 1.8625 1.6804 1.8625 1.6804 1.52007 1.6804 1.52007 1.37858 1.52007 1.37858 1.25330 1.37858 1.25330 1.14204 1.25330 1.14204 1.04294 1.14204 1.04294 0.95445 1.04294 0.95445 P Prr Pr 1327.5 1327.5 vvrr vr 0.95445 0.95445 1950 1900 1485.8 1327.5 1950 1485.8 2000 1950 1658.6 1485.8 2000 1658.6 2050 1847.1 2000 1658.6 2050 1847.1 2100 2052.1 2050 2052.1 1847.1 2100 2150 2100 2274.8 2052.1 2150 2274.8 2200 2150 2516.2 2274.8 2200 2516.2 2250 2200 2777.5 2516.2 2250 2777.5 2300 3059.9 2250 3059.9 2777.5 2300 2350 2300 3364.6 3059.9 2350 3364.6 2400 2350 3693.0 3364.6 2400 3693.0 2450 2400 4046.2 3693.0 2450 4046.2 2500 4425.8 2450 4425.8 4046.2 2500 2550 2500 4833.0 4425.8 2550 4833.0 2600 2550 5269.5 4833.0 2600 5269.5 2650 2600 5736.7 5269.5 2650 5736.7 2700 6236.2 2650 6236.2 5736.7 2700 2750 2700 6769.7 6236.2 2750 6769.7 2800 2750 7338.7 6769.7 2800 7338.7 2850 2800 7945.1 7338.7 2850 7945.1 2900 8590.7 2850 8590.7 7945.1 2900 2950 2900 9277.2 8590.7 2950 9277.2 3000 2950 10007 9277.2 3000 10007 3000 10007 0.87521 0.95445 0.87521 0.80410 0.87521 0.80410 0.74012 0.80410 0.74012 0.68242 0.74012 0.68242 0.63027 0.68242 0.63027 0.58305 0.63027 0.58305 0.54020 0.58305 0.54020 0.50124 0.54020 0.50124 0.46576 0.50124 0.46576 0.43338 0.46576 0.43338 0.40378 0.43338 0.40378 0.37669 0.40378 0.37669 0.35185 0.37669 0.35185 0.32903 0.35185 0.32903 0.30805 0.32903 0.30805 0.28872 0.30805 0.28872 0.27089 0.28872 0.27089 0.25443 0.27089 0.25443 0.23921 0.25443 0.23921 0.22511 0.23921 0.22511 0.21205 0.22511 0.21205 0.19992 0.21205 0.19992 0.19992 0.95445 The relative are temperature functions calculated withbağlı two Bağılrelative basınç pressure ve bağıl and özgül hacimvolume ölçeklendirme sabitleri ile hesaplanan sıcaklığa , A . scaling constants A 22 relative volume are temperature functions calculated with two fonksiyonlardır, A111, 2and The relative pressure scaling constants A1 , A2 . Prr = exp[sT0T0 /R − A11]; vrr = A22T /Prr 0 Pr = exp[sT /R − A1 ]; vr = A2 T /Pr such that for an isentropic process izantropik proses için (s1 = s2) (s11 = s22) such that for an isentropic process (s 00 1 =sCC2 p)/R CCv /R /R Prr22 e SSTT22 /R T22 p /R v 22 vrr22 T11 v /R P22 ve = = SS000 /R ≈ and = ≈ C /R /R p PP112 PPrrr112 eeSTTT112/R TT112 vv112 vvrrr112 TT221 Cv /R = = S 0 /R ≈ and = ≈ P1 Pr 1 T1 v1 vr 1 T2 e T1 buradathe sabit özgül ısılar yaklaşımı hemen hemenheat eşitapproximation. durumu geçerlidir. where near equalities are for the için constant specific where the near equalities are for the constant specific heat approximation. TABLO-B7 Değişik Gazlar için, Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri, Entropiler 0.1MPa MPa Bar) Basınç ve birim Ideal Gas Properties of Various Substances, Entropies at 0.1 (1(1 Bar) Pressure, kütle Mass içindir. Basis Nitrogen, (N Azot, İki Diatomic Atomlu (N 2)2 ) R = 0.2968 kJ/kg·K M = 28.013 kg/kmol Oksijen, Atomlu(O (O22)) Oxygen,İki Diatomic R = 0.2598 kJ/kg·K M = 31.999 kg/kmol T (K) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s 0T (kJ/kg·K) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s 0T (kJ/kg·K) 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 148.39 185.50 222.63 259.80 297.09 334.57 372.35 410.52 449.16 488.34 528.09 568.45 609.41 650.98 693.13 735.85 779.11 867.14 957.00 1048.46 1141.35 1235.50 1330.72 1426.89 1523.90 1621.66 1720.07 1819.08 1918.62 2018.63 2119.08 2219.93 2321.13 2422.66 2524.50 2626.62 2729.00 207.75 259.70 311.67 363.68 415.81 468.13 520.75 573.76 627.24 681.26 735.86 791.05 846.85 903.26 960.25 1017.81 1075.91 1193.62 1313.16 1434.31 1556.87 1680.70 1805.60 1931.45 2058.15 2185.58 2313.68 2442.36 2571.58 2701.28 2831.41 2961.93 3092.81 3224.03 3355.54 3487.34 3619.41 6.4250 6.6568 6.8463 7.0067 7.1459 7.2692 7.3800 7.4811 7.5741 7.6606 7.7415 7.8176 7.8897 7.9581 8.0232 8.0855 8.1451 8.2572 8.3612 8.4582 8.5490 8.6345 8.7151 8.7914 8.8638 8.9327 8.9984 9.0612 9.1213 9.1789 9.2343 9.2876 9.3389 9.3884 9.4363 9.4825 9.5273 129.84 162.41 195.20 228.37 262.10 296.52 331.72 367.70 404.46 441.97 480.18 519.02 558.46 598.44 638.90 679.80 721.11 804.80 889.72 975.72 1062.67 1150.48 1239.10 1328.49 1418.63 1509.50 1601.10 1693.41 1786.44 1880.17 1974.60 2069.71 2165.50 2261.94 2359.01 2546.70 2554.97 181.81 227.37 273.15 319.31 366.03 413.45 461.63 510.61 560.36 610.86 662.06 713.90 766.33 819.30 872.75 926.65 980.95 1090.62 1201.53 1313.51 1426.44 1540.23 1654.83 1770.21 1886.33 2003.19 2120.77 2239.07 2358.08 2477.79 2598.20 2719.30 2841.07 2963.49 3086.55 3210.22 3334.48 6.0466 6.2499 6.4168 6.5590 6.6838 6.7954 6.8969 6.9903 7.0768 7.1577 7.2336 7.3051 7.3728 7.4370 7.4981 7.5564 7.6121 7.7166 7.8131 7.9027 7.9864 8.0649 8.1389 8.2088 8.2752 8.3384 8.3987 8.4564 8.5117 8.5650 8.6162 8.6656 8.7134 8.7596 8.8044 8.8478 8.8899 WB00776-appa WB00776-Borgnakke-v1 May 25, 2013 TABLO-B7 (Devam) TABLE A.8 (continued ) Değişik Gazlar için, Mükemmel Gaz Özelikleri, Entropiler 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Basınç ve birim Ideal Gas Properties of Various Substances, Entropies at 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Pressure, kütle Massiçindir. Basis Carbon Dioksit Dioxide(CO (CO22) ) Karbon R = 0.1889 kJ/kg·K M = 44.010 kg/kmol Su (H Water (H2O) 2 O) R = 0.4615 kJ/kg·K M = 18.015 kg/kmol T (K) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s 0T (kJ/kg·K) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s 0T (kJ/kg·K) 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 97.49 126.21 157.70 191.78 228.19 266.69 307.06 349.12 392.72 437.71 483.97 531.40 579.89 629.35 676.69 730.85 782.75 888.55 996.64 1106.68 1218.38 1331.50 1445.85 1561.26 1677.61 1794.78 1912.67 2031.21 2150.34 2270.00 2390.14 2510.74 2631.73 2753.10 2874.81 2996.84 3119.18 135.28 173.44 214.38 257.90 303.76 351.70 401.52 453.03 506.07 560.51 616.22 673.09 731.02 789.93 849.72 910.33 971.67 1096.36 1223.34 1352.28 1482.87 1614.88 1748.12 1882.43 2017.67 2153.73 2290.51 2427.95 2565.97 2704.52 2843.55 2983.04 3122.93 3263.19 3403.79 3544.71 3685.95 4.5439 4.7139 4.8631 4.9972 5.1196 5.2325 5.3375 5.4356 5.5279 5.6151 5.6976 5.7761 5.8508 5.9223 5.9906 6.0561 6.1190 6.2379 6.3483 6.4515 6.5483 6.6394 6.7254 6.8068 6.8841 6.9577 7.0278 7.0949 7.1591 7.2206 7.2798 7.3368 7.3917 7.4446 7.4957 7.5452 7.5931 276.38 345.98 415.87 486.37 557.79 630.40 704.36 779.79 856.75 935.31 1015.49 1097.35 1180.90 1266.19 1353.23 1442.03 1532.61 1719.05 1912.42 2112.47 2318.89 2531.28 2749.24 2972.35 3200.17 3432.28 3668.24 3908.08 4151.28 4397.56 4646.71 4898.49 5152.73 5409.24 5667.86 5928.44 6190.86 368.69 461.36 554.32 647.90 742.40 838.09 935.12 1033.63 1133.67 1235.30 1338.56 1443.49 1550.13 1658.49 1768.60 1880.48 1994.13 2226.73 2466.25 2712.46 2965.03 3223.57 3487.69 3756.95 4030.92 4309.18 4591.30 4877.29 5166.64 5459.08 5754.37 6052.31 6352.70 6655.36 6960.13 7266.87 7575.44 9.7412 10.1547 10.4936 10.7821 11.0345 11.2600 11.4644 11.6522 11.8263 11.9890 12.1421 12.2868 12.4244 12.5558 12.6817 12.8026 12.9192 13.1408 13.3492 13.5462 13.7334 13.9117 14.0822 14.2454 14.4020 14.5524 14.6971 14.8366 14.9712 15.1012 15.2269 15.3485 15.4663 15.5805 15.6914 15.7990 15.9036 11:34 WB00776-appa WB00776-Borgnakke-v1 May 25, 2013 TABLO-B8 Değişik gazların mükemmel gaz Substances özelikleri, Entropiler, MPa (1atBar) Basınç birim kmol Ideal Gas Properties of Various (SI Units), 0.1 Entropies 0.1 MPa (1 ve Bar) Pressure, içindir (molar). Mole Basis Nitrogen, (N2)2 ) Azot, İkiDiatomic Atomlu (N 0 h̄ f ,298 = 0 kJ/kmol M = 28.013 kg/kmol 0 Azot, TekMonatomic atomlu (N)(N) Nitrogen, 0 h̄ f ,298 = 472 680 kJ/kmol M = 14.007 kg/kmol 0 T K (h̄−h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K (h̄−h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K 0 100 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 −8670 −5768 −2857 0 54 2971 5911 8894 11937 15046 18223 21463 24760 28109 31503 34936 38405 41904 45430 48979 52549 56137 63362 70640 77963 85323 92715 100134 107577 115042 122526 130027 145078 160188 175352 190572 205848 0 159.812 179.985 191.609 191.789 200.181 206.740 212.177 216.865 221.016 224.757 228.171 231.314 234.227 236.943 239.487 241.881 244.139 246.276 248.304 250.234 252.075 255.518 258.684 261.615 264.342 266.892 269.286 271.542 273.675 275.698 277.622 281.209 284.495 287.530 290.349 292.984 −6197 −4119 −2040 0 38 2117 4196 6274 8353 10431 12510 14589 16667 18746 20825 22903 24982 27060 29139 31218 33296 35375 39534 43695 47860 52033 56218 60420 64646 68902 73194 77532 86367 95457 104843 114550 124590 0 130.593 145.001 153.300 153.429 159.409 164.047 167.837 171.041 173.816 176.265 178.455 180.436 182.244 183.908 185.448 186.883 188.224 189.484 190.672 191.796 192.863 194.845 196.655 198.322 199.868 201.311 202.667 203.948 205.164 206.325 207.437 209.542 211.519 213.397 215.195 216.926 11:34 TABLO-B8 (Devam) Değişik gazların mükemmel gaz özelikleri, Entropiler, 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Basınç ve birim kmol içindir (molar). Oxygen, İki Diatomic Oksijen, Atomlu(O(O 2 )2) 0 h̄ f ,298 = 0 kJ/kmol M = 31.999 kg/kmol 0 Oksijen,Monatomic tek Atomlu(O) (O) Oxygen, 0 h̄ f ,298 = 249 170 kJ/kmol M = 16.00 kg/kmol 0 T K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K 0 100 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 −8683 −5777 −2868 0 54 3027 6086 9245 12499 15836 19241 22703 26212 29761 33345 36958 40600 44267 47959 51674 55414 59176 66770 74453 82225 90080 98013 106022 114101 122245 130447 138705 155374 172240 189312 206618 224210 0 173.308 193.483 205.148 205.329 213.873 220.693 226.450 231.465 235.920 239.931 243.579 246.923 250.011 252.878 255.556 258.068 260.434 262.673 264.797 266.819 268.748 272.366 275.708 278.818 281.729 284.466 287.050 289.499 291.826 294.043 296.161 300.133 303.801 307.217 310.423 313.457 −6725 −4518 −2186 0 41 2207 4343 6462 8570 10671 12767 14860 16950 19039 21126 23212 25296 27381 29464 31547 33630 35713 39878 44045 48216 52391 56574 60767 64971 69190 73424 77675 86234 94873 103592 112391 121264 0 135.947 152.153 161.059 161.194 167.431 172.198 176.060 179.310 182.116 184.585 186.790 188.783 190.600 192.270 193.816 195.254 196.599 197.862 199.053 200.179 201.247 203.232 205.045 206.714 208.262 209.705 211.058 212.332 213.538 214.682 215.773 217.812 219.691 221.435 223.066 224.597 TABLO B-8 (Devam) TABLE A.9 (continued ) Değişik gazların mükemmel gazSubstances özelikleri, Entropiler, MPa (1atBar) Basınç ve birim kmol Ideal Gas Properties of Various (SI Units), 0.1 Entropies 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Pressure, Mole içindirBasis (molar). Karbon CarbonDioksit Dioxide(CO (CO 2)2 ) = −393 522 kJ/kmol M = 44.01 kg/kmol 0 h̄ f ,298 0 Carbon Carbon Monoksit Monoxide(CO) (CO) = −110 527 kJ/kmol M = 28.01 kg/kmol 0 h̄ f ,298 0 T K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K 0 100 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 −9364 −6457 −3413 0 69 4003 8305 12906 17754 22806 28030 33397 38885 44473 50148 55895 61705 67569 73480 79432 85420 91439 103562 115779 128074 140435 152853 165321 177836 190394 202990 215624 240992 266488 292112 317870 343782 0 179.010 199.976 213.794 214.024 225.314 234.902 243.284 250.752 257.496 263.646 269.299 274.528 279.390 283.931 288.190 292.199 295.984 299.567 302.969 306.207 309.294 315.070 320.384 325.307 329.887 334.170 338.194 341.988 345.576 348.981 352.221 358.266 363.812 368.939 373.711 378.180 −8671 −5772 −2860 0 54 2977 5932 8942 12021 15174 18397 21686 25031 28427 31867 35343 38852 42388 45948 49529 53128 56743 64012 71326 78679 86070 93504 100962 108440 115938 123454 130989 146108 161285 176510 191782 207105 0 165.852 186.024 197.651 197.831 206.240 212.833 218.321 223.067 227.277 231.074 234.538 237.726 240.679 243.431 246.006 248.426 250.707 252.866 254.913 256.860 258.716 262.182 265.361 268.302 271.044 273.607 276.012 278.279 280.422 282.454 284.387 287.989 291.290 294.337 297.167 299.809 TABLO-B8 (Devam) Değişik gazların mükemmel gaz özelikleri, Entropiler, 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Basınç ve birim kmol içindir (molar). Su buharı Water (H2(H O)2O) 0 h̄ f ,298 = −241 826 kJ/kmol M = 18.015 kg/kmol 0 Hidroksil (OH)¯ Hydroxyl (OH) 0 h̄ f ,298 = 38 987 kJ/kmol M = 17.007 kg/kmol 0 T K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K 0 100 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 −9904 −6617 −3282 0 62 3450 6922 10499 14190 18002 21937 26000 30190 34506 38941 43491 48149 52907 57757 62693 67706 72788 83153 93741 104520 115463 126548 137756 149073 160484 171981 183552 206892 230456 254216 278161 302295 0 152.386 175.488 188.835 189.043 198.787 206.532 213.051 218.739 223.826 228.460 232.739 236.732 240.485 244.035 247.406 250.620 253.690 256.631 259.452 262.162 264.769 269.706 274.312 278.625 282.680 286.504 290.120 293.550 296.812 299.919 302.887 308.448 313.573 318.328 322.764 326.926 −9172 −6140 −2975 0 55 3034 5991 8943 11902 14881 17889 20935 24024 27159 30340 33567 36838 40151 43502 46890 50311 53763 60751 67840 75018 82268 89585 96960 104388 111864 119382 126940 142165 157522 173002 188598 204309 0 149.591 171.592 183.709 183.894 192.466 199.066 204.448 209.008 212.984 216.526 219.735 222.680 225.408 227.955 230.347 232.604 234.741 236.772 238.707 240.556 242.328 245.659 248.743 251.614 254.301 256.825 259.205 261.456 263.592 265.625 267.563 271.191 274.531 277.629 280.518 283.227 TABLO-B8 (Devam) Değişik gazların mükemmel gaz özelikleri, Entropiler, 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Basınç ve birim kmol içindir (molar). Hidrojen Hydrogen(H(H 2)2 ) = 0 kJ/kmol M = 2.016 kg/kmol 0 h̄ f ,298 0 Hidrojen, Tek Atomlu (H)¯ Hydrogen, Monatomic (H) 0 h̄ f ,298 = 217 999 kJ/kmol M = 1.008 kg/kmol 0 T K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K 0 100 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 −8467 −5467 −2774 0 53 2961 5883 8799 11730 14681 17657 20663 23704 26785 29907 33073 36281 39533 42826 46160 49532 52942 59865 66915 74082 81355 88725 96187 103736 111367 119077 126864 142658 158730 175057 191607 208332 0 100.727 119.410 130.678 130.856 139.219 145.738 151.078 155.609 159.554 163.060 166.225 169.121 171.798 174.294 176.637 178.849 180.946 182.941 184.846 186.670 188.419 191.719 194.789 197.659 200.355 202.898 205.306 207.593 209.773 211.856 213.851 217.612 221.109 224.379 227.447 230.322 −6197 −4119 −2040 0 38 2117 4196 6274 8353 10431 12510 14589 16667 18746 20825 22903 24982 27060 29139 31218 33296 35375 39532 43689 47847 52004 56161 60318 64475 68633 72790 76947 85261 93576 101890 110205 118519 0 92.009 106.417 114.716 114.845 120.825 125.463 129.253 132.457 135.233 137.681 139.871 141.852 143.661 145.324 146.865 148.299 149.640 150.900 152.089 153.212 154.279 156.260 158.069 159.732 161.273 162.707 164.048 165.308 166.497 167.620 168.687 170.668 172.476 174.140 175.681 177.114 TABLO-B8 (Devam) Değişik gazların mükemmel gaz özelikleri, Entropiler, 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Basınç ve birim kmol içindir (molar). Nitric Oxide (NO) Azot Monoksit (NO) = 90 291 kJ/kmol M = 30.006 kg/kmol 0 h̄ f ,298 0 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO ) Azot dioksit (NO 2)¯2 0 h̄ f ,298 = 33 100 kJ/kmol M = 46.005 kg/kmol 0 T K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K (h̄ − h̄298 ) kJ/kmol 0 100 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 −9192 −6073 −2951 0 55 3040 6059 9144 12308 15548 18858 22229 25653 29120 32626 36164 39729 43319 46929 50557 54201 57859 65212 72606 80034 87491 94973 102477 110000 117541 125099 132671 147857 163094 178377 193703 209070 0 177.031 198.747 210.759 210.943 219.529 226.263 231.886 236.762 241.088 244.985 248.536 251.799 254.816 257.621 260.243 262.703 265.019 267.208 269.282 271.252 273.128 276.632 279.849 282.822 285.585 288.165 290.587 292.867 295.022 297.065 299.007 302.626 305.940 308.998 311.838 314.488 −10186 −6861 −3495 0 68 3927 8099 12555 17250 22138 27180 32344 37606 42946 48351 53808 59309 64846 70414 76008 81624 87259 98578 109948 121358 132800 144267 155756 167262 178783 190316 201860 224973 248114 271276 294455 317648 s̄ 0T kJ/kmol·K 0 202.563 225.852 240.034 240.263 251.342 260.638 268.755 275.988 282.513 288.450 293.889 298.904 303.551 307.876 311.920 315.715 319.289 322.664 325.861 328.898 331.788 337.182 342.128 346.695 350.934 354.890 358.597 362.085 365.378 368.495 371.456 376.963 381.997 386.632 390.926 394.926 TABLO-B9 Değişik Maddeler için Oluşum Entalpisi ve Mutlak Entropi, 25ºC, 100 kPa Basınç için. Madde Acetilen Amonyak Benzen Karbon dioksit Karbon (grafit) Karbon monoksit Ethan Ethen Etanol (Etil alkol) Etanol (Etil alkol) Heptan Hekzan Hidrojen peroksit Methan Metanol (Metil alkol) Metanol (Metil alkol) n-Butan Nitröz asit Nitrometan n-Octan n-Octan Ozon Pentan Propan Propen Kükürt Kükürt dioksit Kükürt trioksit T-T-Diesel Su Su Kimyasal Formül 298298 −186.963 −367.528 −184.420 −164.003 −186.963 −367.528 −184.420 298−164.003 −164.003 −186.963 −367.528 −184.420 500500 −92.830 −105.623 −213.405 −105.385 −92.830 500 −92.830 −105.623 −105.623 −213.405 −213.405−105.385 −105.385 1000 1000 −39.810 −39.810−45.146 −45.146−99.146 −99.146−46.321 −46.321 1200 1200 −30.878 −30.878−35.003 −35.003−80.025 −80.025−36.363 −36.363 1400 1400 −24.467 −24.467−27.741 −27.741−66.345 −66.345−29.222 −29.222 1600 1600 −19.638 −19.638−22.282 −22.282−56.069 −56.069−23.849 −23.849 1800 1800 −15.868 −15.868−18.028 −18.028−48.066 −48.066−19.658 −19.658 2000 2000 −12.841 −12.841−14.619 −14.619−41.655 −41.655−16.299 −16.299 2200 2200 −10.356 −10.356−11.826 −11.826−36.404 −36.404−13.546 −13.546 2400 −8.280 2400 −8.280 −9.495 −9.495−32.023 −32.023−11.249 −11.249 2600 −6.519 2600 −6.519 −7.520 −7.520−28.313 −28.313 −9.303 −9.303 2800 −5.005 2800 −5.005 −5.826 −5.826−25.129 −25.129 −7.633 −7.633 3000 −3.690 3000 −3.690 −4.356 −4.356−22.367 −22.367 −6.184 −6.184 3200 −2.538 3200 −2.538 −3.069 −3.069−19.947 −19.947 −4.916 −4.916 3400 −1.519 3400 −1.519 −1.932 −1.932−17.810 −17.810 −3.795 −3.795 3600 −0.611 3600 −0.611 −0.922 −0.922−15.909 −15.909 −2.799 −2.799 3800 0.201 3800 0.201 −0.017 −0.017−14.205 −14.205 −1.906 −1.906 4000 0.934 4000 0.934 0.798 0.798 −12.671 −12.671 −1.101 −1.101 4500 2.483 4500 2.483 2.520 2.520 −9.423 −9.423 0.602 0.602 5000 3.724 5000 3.724 3.898 3.898 −6.816 −6.816 1.972 1.972 5500 4.739 5500 4.739 5.027 5.027 −4.672 −4.672 3.098 3.098 6000 5.587 6000 5.587 5.969 5.969 −2.876 −2.876 4.040 4.040 −212.075 −212.075 −212.075 −120.331 −120.331 −120.331 −51.951 −51.951 −40.467 −40.467 −32.244 −32.244 −26.067 −26.067 −21.258 −21.258 −17.406 −17.406 −14.253 −14.253 −11.625 −11.625 −9.402 −9.402 −7.496 −7.496 −5.845 −5.845 −4.401 −4.401 −3.128 −3.128 −1.996 −1.996 −0.984 −0.984 −0.074 −0.074 1.847 1.847 3.383 3.383 4.639 4.639 5.684 5.684 −207.529 −207.529 −207.529 −115.234 −115.234 −115.234 −47.052 −47.052 −35.736 −35.736 −27.679 −27.679 −21.656 −21.656 −16.987 −16.987 −13.266 −13.266 −10.232 −10.232 −7.715 −7.715 −5.594 −5.594 −3.781 −3.781 −2.217 −2.217 −0.853 −0.853 0.346 0.346 1.408 1.408 2.355 2.355 3.204 3.204 4.985 4.985 6.397 6.397 7.542 7.542 8.488 8.488 −69.868 −69.868 −69.868 −40.449 −40.449 −40.449 −18.709 −18.709 −15.082 −15.082 −12.491 −12.491 −10.547 −10.547 −9.035 −9.035 −7.825 −7.825 −6.836 −6.836 −6.012 −6.012 −5.316 −5.316 −4.720 −4.720 −4.205 −4.205 −3.755 −3.755 −3.359 −3.359 −3.008 −3.008 −2.694 −2.694 −2.413 −2.413 −1.824 −1.824 −1.358 −1.358 −0.980 −0.980 −0.671 −0.671 −41.355 −41.355 −41.355 −30.725 −30.725 −30.725 −23.039 −23.039 −21.752 −21.752 −20.826 −20.826 −20.126 −20.126 −19.577 −19.577 −19.136 −19.136 −18.773 −18.773 −18.470 −18.470 −18.214 −18.214 −17.994 −17.994 −17.805 −17.805 −17.640 −17.640 −17.496 −17.496 −17.369 −17.369 −17.257 −17.257 −17.157 −17.157 −16.953 −16.953 −16.797 −16.797 −16.678 −16.678 −16.588 −16.588 � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2H H O N2O 2H + O+2 + N2 + Temp K K HK O2H +2H O2H + 2OH 2CO O+ 2O H2H 2H O2O2O 2O N2N2N 2N 2CO ON 2NO N2N 2NO Temp H2H2H + O2H + 2OH 2CO N2N O2O2NO + � � � � � �2 2CO � � �� 2� � � � � � � 2 � 2 � 2 � 22H 2 2CO 2 2+ 22O 2 2NO 2 O2 O 2O 2O222H 2 O2 O 2O 2 2NO 2 2 2H 2N22H 2CO 2NO Temp 2OH 2O � � � � � � � � 2 � 2 � 2 � 22 + 2 + 2 � 22 + 2 � 2 + 2 � v +vv +v −v D A C −v D−v A −v B B v C +v −v DB A −v yCC y CDv DCyCyvCDv DyPDv D PvCP 0 0.1 , P 0, = MPa K = P,0P0.1 = MPa KK =v A=v BA v v B v0 0 = 0.1 MPa A B 0 y A y BAy yAByPB P P � Reaksiyon For For the reaction viçin Cv C+ equilibrium constant K isKdefined as as as the reaction v B� + v Dvthe D, the equilibrium constant is defined � � Kthe denge sabiti aşağıdaki gibidir: A Av + BB C� D D, AvAAv+ vCCvC A + vBB vB + equilibrium constant K is defined For the reaction � D D, Denge Sabiti eeBase Tabanına Göre Logaritması. Logarithms to the Base ofethe Equilibrium Constant K KK Logarithms toK'nın the Base of the Equilibrium Constant Logarithms to the e of the Equilibrium Constant TABLO-B10 691 FINAL PAGES TABLO-B15 TABLE B.1.5 Doymuş Buhar, Su Water SaturatedKatı-Doymuş Solid-Saturated Vapor, 3 Specific Volume, Özgül Hacim, m3m /kg/kg Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) Basınç Press. (kPa) 0.01 0 −2 −4 −6 −8 −10 −12 −14 −16 −18 −20 −22 −24 −26 −28 −30 −32 −34 −36 −38 −40 0.6113 0.6108 0.5177 0.4376 0.3689 0.3102 0.2601 0.2176 0.1815 0.1510 0.1252 0.10355 0.08535 0.07012 0.05741 0.04684 0.03810 0.03090 0.02499 0.02016 0.01618 0.01286 Sat. katı Solid Süblimleşme Evap. Doymuş vi vi g 0.0010908 0.0010908 0.0010905 0.0010901 0.0010898 0.0010894 0.0010891 0.0010888 0.0010884 0.0010881 0.0010878 0.0010874 0.0010871 0.0010868 0.0010864 0.0010861 0.0010858 0.0010854 0.0010851 0.0010848 0.0010844 0.0010841 206.152 206.314 241.662 283.798 334.138 394.413 466.756 553.802 658.824 785.906 940.182 1128.112 1357.863 1639.752 1986.775 2415.200 2945.227 3601.822 4416.252 5430.115 6707.021 8366.395 Internal Energy, İç Enerji, kJ/kgkJ/kg Sat.Buhar Vapor Doymuş Sat.Katı Solid Süblimleşme Evap. Doymuş vg ui ui g 206.153 206.315 241.663 283.799 334.139 394.414 466.757 553.803 658.824 785.907 940.183 1128.113 1357.864 1639.753 1986.776 2415.201 2945.228 3601.823 4416.253 5430.116 6707.022 8366.396 −333.40 −333.42 −337.61 −341.78 −345.91 −350.02 −354.09 −358.14 −362.16 −366.14 −370.10 −374.03 −377.93 −381.80 −385.64 −389.45 −393.23 −396.98 −400.71 −404.40 −408.06 −411.70 2708.7 2708.7 2710.2 2711.5 2712.9 2714.2 2715.5 2716.8 2718.0 2719.2 2720.4 2721.6 2722.7 2723.7 2724.8 2725.8 2726.8 2727.8 2728.7 2729.6 2730.5 2731.3 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar ug 2375.3 2375.3 2372.5 2369.8 2367.0 2364.2 2361.4 2358.7 2355.9 2353.1 2350.3 2347.5 2344.7 2342.0 2339.2 2336.4 2333.6 2330.8 2328.0 2325.2 2322.4 2319.6 TABLO-B15 (Devam) TABLE B.1.5 (continued ) Doymuş Katı-Doymuş Buhar, Su Water Saturated Solid-Saturated Vapor, Entropi, kJ/kg·K Entropy, kJ/kg·K Entalpi, Enthalpy,kJ/kg kJ/kg Temp. Sıcaklık ( ◦ C) 0.01 0 −2 −4 −6 −8 −10 −12 −14 −16 −18 −20 −22 −24 −26 −28 −30 −32 −34 −36 −38 −40 Press. Basınç (kPa) 0.6113 0.6108 0.5177 0.4376 0.3689 0.3102 0.2601 0.2176 0.1815 0.1510 0.1252 0.10355 0.08535 0.07012 0.05741 0.04684 0.03810 0.03090 0.02499 0.02016 0.01618 0.01286 Sat. katı Solid Süblimleşme Evap. Doymuş hi hi g −333.40 −333.42 −337.61 −341.78 −345.91 −350.02 −354.09 −358.14 −362.16 −366.14 −370.10 −374.03 −377.93 −381.80 −385.64 −389.45 −393.23 −396.98 −400.71 −404.40 −408.06 −411.70 2834.7 2834.8 2835.3 2835.7 2836.2 2836.6 2837.0 2837.3 2837.6 2837.9 2838.2 2838.4 2838.6 2838.7 2838.9 2839.0 2839.0 2839.1 2839.1 2839.1 2839.0 2838.9 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar hg 2501.3 2501.3 2497.6 2494.0 2490.3 2486.6 2482.9 2479.2 2475.5 2471.8 2468.1 2464.3 2460.6 2456.9 2453.2 2449.5 2445.8 2442.1 2438.4 2434.7 2431.0 2427.2 Sat. Solid Evap. Doymuş Katı Süblimleşme si si g −1.2210 −1.2211 −1.2369 −1.2526 −1.2683 −1.2839 −1.2995 −1.3150 −1.3306 −1.3461 −1.3617 −1.3772 −1.3928 −1.4083 −1.4239 −1.4394 −1.4550 −1.4705 −1.4860 −1.5014 −1.5168 −1.5321 10.3772 10.3776 10.4562 10.5358 10.6165 10.6982 10.7809 10.8648 10.9498 11.0359 11.1233 11.2120 11.3020 11.3935 11.4864 11.5808 11.6765 11.7733 11.8713 11.9704 12.0714 12.1768 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar sg 9.1562 9.1565 9.2193 9.2832 9.3482 9.4143 9.4815 9.5498 9.6192 9.6898 9.7616 9.8348 9.9093 9.9852 10.0625 10.1413 10.2215 10.3028 10.3853 10.4690 10.5546 10.6447 TABLO-B16 TABLE B.2 Termodinamik Özelikler, Thermodynamic PropertiesAmonyak of Ammonia TABLE B.2.1 Doymuş Amonyak Saturated Ammonia ÖzgülVolume, Hacim, m33/kg Specific /kg Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) Basınç Press. (kPa) −50 −45 −40 −35 −30 −25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 132.3 40.9 54.5 71.7 93.2 119.5 151.6 190.2 236.3 290.9 354.9 429.6 515.9 615.2 728.6 857.5 1003.2 1167.0 1350.4 1554.9 1782.0 2033.1 2310.1 2614.4 2947.8 3312.0 3709.0 4140.5 4608.6 5115.3 5662.9 6253.7 6890.4 7575.7 8313.3 9107.2 9963.5 10891.6 11333.2 Sat. Liquid Evap. Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma vf vfg 0.001424 0.001437 0.001450 0.001463 0.001476 0.001490 0.001504 0.001519 0.001534 0.001550 0.001566 0.001583 0.001600 0.001619 0.001638 0.001658 0.001680 0.001702 0.001725 0.001750 0.001777 0.001804 0.001834 0.001866 0.001900 0.001937 0.001978 0.002022 0.002071 0.002126 0.002188 0.002261 0.002347 0.002452 0.002589 0.002783 0.003122 0.004255 2.62557 2.00489 1.55111 1.21466 0.96192 0.76970 0.62184 0.50686 0.41655 0.34493 0.28763 0.24140 0.20381 0.17300 0.14758 0.12647 0.10881 0.09397 0.08141 0.07073 0.06159 0.05375 0.04697 0.04109 0.03597 0.03148 0.02753 0.02404 0.02093 0.01815 0.01565 0.01337 0.01128 0.00933 0.00744 0.00554 0.00337 0 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar vg 2.62700 2.00632 1.55256 1.21613 0.96339 0.77119 0.62334 0.50838 0.41808 0.34648 0.28920 0.24299 0.20541 0.17462 0.14922 0.12813 0.11049 0.09567 0.08313 0.07248 0.06337 0.05555 0.04880 0.04296 0.03787 0.03341 0.02951 0.02606 0.02300 0.02028 0.01784 0.01564 0.01363 0.01178 0.01003 0.00833 0.00649 0.00426 İç Enerji, kJ/kgkJ/kg Internal Energy, Sat. Liquid Evap. Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma uf ufg −43.82 −22.01 −0.10 21.93 44.08 66.36 88.76 111.30 133.96 156.76 179.69 202.77 225.99 249.36 272.89 296.59 320.46 344.50 368.74 393.19 417.87 442.79 467.99 493.51 519.39 545.70 572.50 599.90 627.99 656.95 686.96 718.30 751.37 786.82 825.77 870.69 929.29 1037.62 1309.1 1293.5 1277.6 1261.3 1244.8 1227.9 1210.7 1193.2 1175.2 1157.0 1138.3 1119.2 1099.7 1079.7 1059.3 1038.4 1016.9 994.9 972.2 948.9 924.8 899.9 874.2 847.4 819.5 790.4 759.9 727.8 693.7 657.4 618.4 575.9 529.1 476.2 414.5 337.7 226.9 0 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar ug 1265.2 1271.4 1277.4 1283.3 1288.9 1294.3 1299.5 1304.5 1309.2 1313.7 1318.0 1322.0 1325.7 1329.1 1332.2 1335.0 1337.4 1339.4 1341.0 1342.1 1342.7 1342.7 1342.1 1340.9 1338.9 1336.1 1332.4 1327.7 1321.7 1314.4 1305.3 1294.2 1280.5 1263.1 1240.3 1208.4 1156.2 1037.6 TABLO-B16 (Devam) Doymuş Amonyak Entalpi, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Temp. Sıcaklık ( ◦ C) Press. Basınç (kPa) −50 −45 −40 −35 −30 −25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 132.3 40.9 54.5 71.7 93.2 119.5 151.6 190.2 236.3 290.9 354.9 429.6 515.9 615.2 728.6 857.5 1003.2 1167.0 1350.4 1554.9 1782.0 2033.1 2310.1 2614.4 2947.8 3312.0 3709.0 4140.5 4608.6 5115.3 5662.9 6253.7 6890.4 7575.7 8313.3 9107.2 9963.5 10892 11333 Sat. Liquid Evap. Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma hf hfg −43.76 −21.94 0 22.06 44.26 66.58 89.05 111.66 134.41 157.31 180.36 203.58 226.97 250.54 274.30 298.25 322.42 346.80 371.43 396.31 421.48 446.96 472.79 499.01 525.69 552.88 580.69 609.21 638.59 668.99 700.64 733.87 769.15 807.21 849.36 898.42 963.29 1085.85 1416.3 1402.8 1388.8 1374.5 1359.8 1344.6 1329.0 1312.9 1296.4 1279.4 1261.8 1243.7 1225.1 1205.8 1185.9 1165.2 1143.9 1121.8 1098.8 1074.9 1050.0 1024.1 997.0 968.5 938.7 907.2 873.9 838.6 800.8 760.2 716.2 668.1 614.6 553.8 482.3 393.0 263.7 0 Entropi, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar hg 1372.6 1380.8 1388.8 1396.5 1404.0 1411.2 1418.0 1424.6 1430.8 1436.7 1442.2 1447.3 1452.0 1456.3 1460.2 1463.5 1466.3 1468.6 1470.2 1471.2 1471.5 1471.0 1469.7 1467.5 1464.4 1460.1 1454.6 1447.8 1439.4 1429.2 1416.9 1402.0 1383.7 1361.0 1331.7 1291.4 1227.0 1085.9 Sat. Liquid Evap. Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma sf sfg −0.1916 −0.0950 0 0.0935 0.1856 0.2763 0.3657 0.4538 0.5408 0.6266 0.7114 0.7951 0.8779 0.9598 1.0408 1.1210 1.2005 1.2792 1.3574 1.4350 1.5121 1.5888 1.6652 1.7415 1.8178 1.8943 1.9712 2.0488 2.1273 2.2073 2.2893 2.3740 2.4625 2.5566 2.6593 2.7775 2.9326 3.2316 6.3470 6.1484 5.9567 5.7715 5.5922 5.4185 5.2498 5.0859 4.9265 4.7711 4.6195 4.4715 4.3266 4.1846 4.0452 3.9083 3.7734 3.6403 3.5088 3.3786 3.2493 3.1208 2.9925 2.8642 2.7354 2.6058 2.4746 2.3413 2.2051 2.0650 1.9195 1.7667 1.6040 1.4267 1.2268 0.9870 0.6540 0 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar sg 6.1554 6.0534 5.9567 5.8650 5.7778 5.6947 5.6155 5.5397 5.4673 5.3977 5.3309 5.2666 5.2045 5.1444 5.0860 5.0293 4.9738 4.9196 4.8662 4.8136 4.7614 4.7095 4.6577 4.6057 4.3533 4.5001 4.4458 4.3901 4.3325 4.2723 4.2088 4.1407 4.0665 3.9833 3.8861 3.7645 3.5866 3.2316 WB00776-appb WB00776-Borgnakke-v1 May 24, 2013 TABLO-B17 TABLE B.2.2 Kızgın Amonyak Buharı Superheated Ammonia Temp. Sıcaklık ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 50 kPa (−46.53 ◦ C) Sat. Doymuş −30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2.1752 2.3448 2.4463 2.5471 2.6474 2.7472 2.8466 2.9458 3.0447 3.1435 3.2421 3.3406 3.4390 3.6355 3.8318 4.0280 4.2240 4.4199 4.6157 1269.6 1296.2 1312.3 1328.4 1344.5 1360.7 1377.0 1393.3 1409.8 1426.3 1443.0 1459.9 1476.9 1511.4 1546.6 1582.5 1619.2 1656.7 1694.9 1378.3 1413.4 1434.6 1455.7 1476.9 1498.1 1519.3 1540.6 1562.0 1583.5 1605.1 1626.9 1648.8 1693.2 1738.2 1783.9 1830.4 1877.7 1925.7 0.7787 0.7977 0.8336 0.8689 0.9037 0.9382 0.9723 1.0062 1.0398 1.0734 1.1068 1.1401 1.2065 1.2726 1.3386 1.4044 1.4701 1.5357 1.6013 1294.1 1303.3 1320.7 1337.9 1355.0 1372.0 1389.0 1406.0 1423.0 1440.0 1457.2 1474.4 1509.3 1544.8 1580.9 1617.8 1655.4 1693.7 1732.9 1410.9 1422.9 1445.7 1468.3 1490.6 1512.8 1534.9 1556.9 1578.9 1601.0 1623.2 1645.4 1690.2 1735.6 1781.7 1828.4 1875.9 1924.1 1973.1 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 100 kPa (−33.60 ◦ C) 6.0839 6.2333 6.3187 6.4006 6.4795 6.5556 6.6293 6.7008 6.7703 6.8379 6.9038 6.9682 7.0312 7.1533 7.2708 7.3842 7.4941 7.6008 7.7045 1.1381 1.1573 1.2101 1.2621 1.3136 1.3647 1.4153 1.4657 1.5158 1.5658 1.6156 1.6653 1.7148 1.8137 1.9124 2.0109 2.1093 2.2075 2.3057 150 kPa (−25.22 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. −20 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 u (kJ/kg) 1284.9 1291.0 1307.8 1324.6 1341.3 1357.9 1374.5 1391.2 1407.9 1424.7 1441.5 1458.5 1475.6 1510.3 1545.7 1581.7 1618.5 1656.0 1694.3 1398.7 1406.7 1428.8 1450.8 1472.6 1494.4 1516.1 1537.7 1559.5 1581.2 1603.1 1625.1 1647.1 1691.7 1736.9 1782.8 1829.4 1876.8 1924.9 5.8401 5.8734 5.9626 6.0477 6.1291 6.2073 6.2826 6.3553 6.4258 6.4943 6.5609 6.6258 6.6892 6.8120 6.9300 7.0439 7.1540 7.2609 7.3648 200 kPa (−18.86 ◦ C) 5.6983 5.7465 5.8349 5.9189 5.9992 6.0761 6.1502 6.2217 6.2910 6.3583 6.4238 6.4877 6.6112 6.7297 6.8439 6.9544 7.0615 7.1656 7.2670 0.5946 — 0.6193 0.6465 0.6732 0.6995 0.7255 0.7513 0.7769 0.8023 0.8275 0.8527 0.9028 0.9527 1.0024 1.0519 1.1014 1.1507 1.2000 1300.6 — 1316.7 1334.5 1352.1 1369.5 1386.8 1404.0 1421.3 1438.5 1455.8 1473.1 1508.2 1543.8 1580.1 1617.0 1654.7 1693.2 1732.4 1419.6 — 1440.6 1463.8 1486.8 1509.4 1531.9 1554.3 1576.6 1598.9 1621.3 1643.7 1688.8 1734.4 1780.6 1827.4 1875.0 1923.3 1972.4 5.5979 — 5.6791 5.7659 5.8484 5.9270 6.0025 6.0751 6.1453 6.2133 6.2794 6.3437 6.4679 6.5869 6.7015 6.8123 6.9196 7.0239 7.1255 12:9 WB00776-appb WB00776-Borgnakke-v1 Sat. 14.67355 2437.89 50 14.86920 2443.87 2584.63 2592.56 8.1501 8.1749 3.24034 — 2483.85 — 2645.87 — May 24, 2013 7.5939 — TABLO-B17 (Devam) TABLE B.2.2 (continued ) Kızgın Amonyak Buharı Superheated Ammonia Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) 1000 Sat. Doymuş 1100 1200 0 130010 20 30 Sat. 40 15050 20060 25070 30080 100 400 120 500 140 600 160 700 180 800 200 900 220 1000 240 1100 260 1200 1300 58.75669 0.40607 63.37198 0.42382 67.98724 0.44251 72.60250 0.46077 0.47870 0.49636 1.69400 0.51382 1.93636 0.53111 2.17226 0.54827 2.40604 0.56532 2.63876 0.59916 3.10263 0.63276 3.56547 0.66618 4.02781 0.69946 4.48986 0.73263 4.95174 0.76572 5.41353 0.79872 5.87526 0.83167 6.33696 0.86455 6.79863 7.26030 Sat. 0.25035 Doymuş 10 0.25757 Sat. 0.60582 0.26949 15020 0.63388 0.28103 20030 0.71629 40 0.29227 50 0.30328 60 0.31410 70 0.32478 80 0.33535 100 0.35621 120 0.37681 140 0.39722 160 0.41748 180 0.43764 200 0.45771 220 0.47770 240 0.49763 260 0.51749 u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) 300 kPa (−9.24 ◦ C) 4053.01 4640.58 1309.9 1431.7 4257.47 4891.19 1327.5 1454.7 4467.91 5147.78 1346.1 1478.9 4683.68 5409.70 1364.4 1502.6 ◦ C) 100 kPa (99.62 1526.0 1382.3 1400.1 1549.0 2506.06 2675.46 1417.8 1571.9 2582.75 2776.38 1435.4 1594.7 2658.05 2875.27 1453.0 1617.5 2733.73 2974.33 1470.6 1640.2 2810.41 3074.28 1506.1 1685.8 2967.85 3278.11 1542.0 1731.8 3131.54 3488.09 1578.5 1778.3 3301.94 3704.72 1615.6 1825.4 3479.24 3928.23 1653.4 1873.2 3663.53 4158.71 1692.0 1921.7 3854.77 4396.12 1731.3 1970.9 4052.78 4640.31 1771.4 2020.9 4257.25 4890.95 1812.2 2071.6 4467.70 5147.56 4683.47 5409.49 500 kPa (4.13 ◦ C) ◦ 300 kPa (133.551446.5 C) 1321.3 1333.5 1462.3 2543.55 2725.30 1353.6 1488.3 2570.79 2760.95 1373.0 1513.5 2650.65 2865.54 1392.0 1538.1 1410.6 1562.2 1429.0 1586.1 1447.3 1609.6 1465.4 1633.1 1501.7 1679.8 1538.2 1726.6 1575.2 1773.8 1612.7 1821.4 1650.8 1869.6 1689.6 1918.5 1729.2 1968.1 1769.5 2018.3 1810.6 2069.3 s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 11.0392 5.4565 11.2287 5.5420 11.4090 5.6290 14.5810 5.7113 5.7896 5.8645 7.3593 5.9365 7.6133 6.0060 7.8342 6.0732 8.0332 6.1385 8.2157 6.2642 8.5434 6.3842 8.8341 6.4996 9.0975 6.6109 9.3398 6.7188 9.5652 6.8235 9.7767 6.9254 9.9764 7.0247 10.1658 7.1217 10.3462 10.5182 11.75097 0.30942 12.67418 0.31227 13.59737 0.32701 14.52054 0.34129 0.35520 0.36884 0.88573 0.38226 0.95964 0.39550 1.08034 0.40860 1.19880 0.42160 1.31616 0.44732 1.54930 0.47279 1.78139 0.49808 2.01297 0.52323 2.24426 0.54827 2.47539 0.57321 2.70643 0.59809 2.93740 0.62289 3.16834 0.64764 3.39927 3.63018 5.2776 5.3340 6.9918 5.4244 7.0778 5.5090 7.3115 5.5889 5.6647 5.7373 5.8070 5.8744 6.0031 6.1253 6.2422 6.3548 6.4636 6.5691 6.6717 6.7717 6.8692 0.21038 0.21115 0.46246 0.22154 0.47084 0.23152 0.53422 0.24118 0.25059 0.25981 0.26888 0.27783 0.29545 0.31281 0.32997 0.34699 0.36389 0.38071 0.39745 0.41412 0.43073 u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) 400 kPa (−1.89 ◦ C) 4052.91 4640.46 1316.4 1440.2 4257.37 4891.08 1320.2 1445.1 4467.82 5147.69 1339.9 1470.7 4683.58 5409.61 1359.1 1495.6 ◦ 200 kPa (120.231519.8 C) 1377.7 1396.1 1543.6 2529.49 2706.63 1414.2 1567.1 2576.87 2768.80 1432.2 1590.4 2654.39 2870.46 1450.1 1613.6 2731.22 2970.98 1468.0 1636.7 2808.55 3071.79 1503.9 1682.8 2966.69 3276.55 1540.1 1729.2 3130.75 3487.03 1576.8 1776.0 3301.36 3703.96 1614.1 1823.4 3478.81 3927.66 1652.1 1871.4 3663.19 4158.27 1690.8 1920.1 3854.49 4395.77 1730.3 1969.5 4052.53 4640.01 1770.5 2019.6 4257.01 4890.68 1811.4 2070.5 4467.46 5147.32 4683.23 5409.26 600 kPa (9.28 ◦ C) s (kJ/kg·K) 10.2964 5.3559 10.4858 5.3741 10.6662 5.4663 10.8382 5.5525 5.6338 5.7111 7.1271 5.7850 7.2795 5.8560 7.5066 5.9244 7.7085 5.9907 7.8926 6.1179 8.2217 6.2390 8.5132 6.3552 8.7769 6.4671 9.0194 6.5755 9.2450 6.6806 9.4565 6.7828 9.6563 6.8825 9.8458 6.9797 10.0262 10.1982 ◦ 400 kPa (143.631451.4 C) 1325.2 5.2133 1326.7 1453.4 5.2205 2553.55 2738.53 6.8958 1347.9 1480.8 5.3156 2564.48 2752.82 6.9299 1368.2 1507.1 5.4037 2646.83 2860.51 7.1706 1387.8 1532.5 5.4862 1406.9 1557.3 5.5641 1425.7 1581.6 5.6383 1444.3 1605.7 5.7094 1462.8 1629.5 5.7778 1499.5 1676.8 5.9081 1536.3 1724.0 PAGES 6.0314 FINAL 1573.5 1771.5 6.1491 1611.2 1819.4 6.2623 1649.5 1867.8 6.3717 1688.5 1916.9 6.4776 1728.2 1966.6 6.5806 1768.6 2017.0 6.6808 1809.8 2068.2 6.7786 12:9 Sat. 50 14.67355 14.86920 2437.89 2443.87 2584.63 2592.56 8.1501 8.1749 3.24034 — 2483.85 — 2645.87 — 7.5939 — TABLO-B17 (Devam) TABLE B.2.2 (continued ) Superheated Ammonia Kızgın Amonyak Buharı Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) 1000 58.75669 Sat. 0.15958 Doymuş 1100 63.37198 0.16138 1200 20 67.98724 0.16947 1300 30 72.60250 40 0.17720 50 0.18465 Sat. 60 1.69400 0.19189 150 70 1.93636 0.19896 200 80 2.17226 0.20590 250100 2.40604 0.21949 300120 2.63876 0.23280 400140 3.10263 0.24590 500160 3.56547 0.25886 600180 4.02781 0.27170 700200 4.48986 0.28445 800220 4.95174 0.29712 900240 5.41353 0.30973 1000260 5.87526 0.32228 1100280 6.33696 0.33477 1200300 6.79863 0.34722 1300 7.26030 Sat. 0.10751 Doymuş Sat. 40 0.60582 0.11287 150 50 0.63388 0.11846 200 60 0.71629 0.12378 70 0.12890 80 0.13387 100 0.14347 120 0.15275 140 0.16181 160 0.17071 180 0.17950 200 0.18819 220 0.19680 240 0.20534 260 0.21382 280 0.22225 300 0.23063 320 0.23897 u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) 800 kPa (17.85 ◦ C) 4053.01 4640.58 1330.9 4891.19 1458.6 4257.47 1335.8 5147.78 1464.9 4467.91 1358.0 5409.70 1493.5 4683.68 1379.0 1520.8 100 kPa (99.62 ◦ C) 1399.3 1547.0 2506.06 1419.0 2675.46 1572.5 2582.75 2776.38 1438.3 1597.5 2658.05 1457.4 2875.27 1622.1 2733.73 1495.0 2974.33 1670.6 2810.41 1532.5 3074.28 1718.7 2967.85 3278.11 1570.1 1766.9 3131.54 1608.2 3488.09 1815.3 3301.94 1646.8 3704.72 1864.2 3479.24 1686.1 3928.23 1913.6 3663.53 4158.71 1726.0 1963.7 3854.77 1766.7 4396.12 2014.5 4052.78 1808.1 4640.31 2065.9 4257.25 1850.2 4890.95 2118.0 4467.70 5147.56 1893.1 2170.9 4683.47 5409.49 ◦ 1200 kPa (30.94 C) ◦ 300 kPa (133.551466.8 C) 1337.8 2543.55 1360.0 2570.79 1383.0 2650.65 1404.8 1425.8 1446.2 1485.8 1524.7 1563.3 1602.2 1641.5 1681.3 1721.8 1762.9 1804.7 1847.3 1890.6 1934.6 2725.30 1495.4 2760.95 1525.1 2865.54 1553.3 1580.5 1606.8 1658.0 1708.0 1757.5 1807.1 1856.9 1907.1 1957.9 2009.3 2061.3 2114.0 2167.3 2221.3 s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 11.0392 5.1110 11.2287 5.1328 11.4090 5.2287 14.5810 5.3171 5.3996 7.3593 5.4774 7.6133 5.5513 7.8342 5.6219 8.0332 5.7555 8.2157 5.8811 8.5434 6.0006 8.8341 6.1150 9.0975 6.2254 9.3398 6.3322 9.5652 6.4358 9.7767 6.5367 9.9764 6.6350 10.1658 6.7310 10.3462 6.8248 10.5182 11.75097 0.12852 12.67418 — 13.59737 0.13206 14.52054 0.13868 0.14499 0.88573 0.15106 0.95964 0.15695 1.08034 0.16270 1.19880 0.17389 1.31616 0.18477 1.54930 0.19545 1.78139 0.20597 2.01297 0.21638 2.24426 0.22669 2.47539 0.23693 2.70643 0.24710 2.93740 0.25720 3.16834 0.26726 3.39927 0.27726 3.63018 4.9635 6.9918 5.0564 7.0778 5.1497 7.3115 5.2357 5.3159 5.3916 5.5325 5.6631 5.7860 5.9031 6.0156 6.1241 6.2292 6.3313 6.4308 6.5278 6.6225 6.7151 0.09231 0.46246 0.09432 0.47084 0.09942 0.53422 0.10423 0.10882 0.11324 0.12172 0.12986 0.13777 0.14552 0.15315 0.16068 0.16813 0.17551 0.18283 0.19010 0.19732 0.20450 u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) 1000 kPa (24.90 ◦ C) 4052.91 4640.46 1334.9 4891.08 1463.4 4257.37 — — 4467.82 5147.69 1347.1 5409.61 1479.1 4683.58 1369.8 1508.5 200 kPa (120.23 ◦ C) 1391.3 1536.3 2529.49 1412.1 2706.63 1563.1 2576.87 2768.80 1432.2 1589.1 2654.39 1451.9 2870.46 1614.6 2731.22 1490.5 2970.98 1664.3 2808.55 1528.6 3071.79 1713.4 2966.69 3276.55 1566.8 1762.2 3130.75 1605.2 3487.03 1811.2 3301.36 1644.2 3703.96 1860.5 3478.81 1683.7 3927.66 1910.4 3663.19 4158.27 1723.9 1960.8 3854.49 1764.8 4395.77 2011.9 4052.53 1806.4 4640.01 2063.6 4257.01 1848.8 4890.68 2116.0 4467.46 5147.32 1891.8 2169.1 4683.23 5409.26 ◦ 1400 kPa (36.26 C) ◦ 400 kPa (143.631469.0 C) 1339.8 2553.55 1349.5 2564.48 1374.2 2646.83 1397.2 1419.2 1440.3 1481.0 1520.7 1559.9 1599.2 1638.8 1678.9 1719.6 1761.0 1803.0 1845.8 1889.3 1933.5 s (kJ/kg·K) 10.2964 5.0304 10.4858 — 10.6662 5.0826 10.8382 5.1778 5.2654 7.1271 5.3471 7.2795 5.4240 7.5066 5.4971 7.7085 5.6342 7.8926 5.7622 8.2217 5.8834 8.5132 5.9992 8.7769 6.1105 9.0194 6.2182 9.2450 6.3226 9.4565 6.4241 9.6563 6.5229 9.8458 6.6194 10.0262 6.7137 10.1982 4.9060 2738.53 6.8958 1481.6 4.9463 2752.82 6.9299 1513.4 5.0462 2860.51 7.1706 1543.1 5.1370 1571.5 5.2209 1598.8 5.2994 1651.4 5.4443 1702.5 5.5775 1752.8 5.7023 1802.9 5.8208 1853.2 PAGES 5.9343 FINAL 1903.8 6.0437 1955.0 6.1495 2006.7 6.2523 2059.0 6.3523 2111.9 6.4498 2165.5 6.5450 2219.8 6.6380 TABLO-B17 (Devam) TABLE B.2.2 (continued ) Kızgın Amonyak Buharı Superheated Ammonia Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 1600 kPa (41.03 ◦ C) Sat. 50 60 70 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 0.08079 0.08506 0.08951 0.09372 0.09774 0.10539 0.11268 0.11974 0.12662 0.13339 0.14005 0.14663 0.15314 0.15959 0.16599 0.17234 0.17865 0.18492 0.19115 1341.2 1364.9 1389.3 1412.3 1434.3 1476.2 1516.6 1556.4 1596.1 1636.1 1676.5 1717.4 1759.0 1801.3 1844.3 1888.0 1932.4 1977.5 2023.3 1470.5 1501.0 1532.5 1562.3 1590.6 1644.8 1696.9 1748.0 1798.7 1849.5 1900.5 1952.0 2004.1 2056.7 2109.9 2163.7 2218.2 2273.4 2329.1 0.02365 0.02636 0.03024 0.03350 0.03643 0.03916 0.04174 0.04422 0.04662 0.04895 0.05123 0.05346 0.05565 0.05779 0.05990 0.06198 0.06403 0.06606 0.06806 1323.2 1369.7 1435.1 1489.8 1539.5 1586.9 1633.1 1678.9 1724.8 1770.9 1817.4 1864.5 1912.1 1960.3 2009.1 2058.5 2108.4 2159.0 2210.1 1441.4 1501.5 1586.3 1657.3 1721.7 1782.7 1841.8 1900.0 1957.9 2015.6 2073.6 2131.8 2190.3 2249.2 2308.6 2368.4 2428.6 2489.3 2550.4 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 2000 kPa (49.37 ◦ C) 4.8553 4.9510 5.0472 5.1351 5.2167 5.3659 5.5018 5.6286 5.7485 5.8631 5.9734 6.0800 6.1834 6.2839 6.3819 6.4775 6.5710 6.6624 6.7519 0.06444 0.06471 0.06875 0.07246 0.07595 0.08248 0.08861 0.09447 0.10016 0.10571 0.11116 0.11652 0.12182 0.12705 0.13224 0.13737 0.14246 0.14751 0.15253 5000 kPa (88.90 ◦ C) Sat. 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 u (kJ/kg) 1342.6 1344.5 1372.3 1397.8 1421.6 1466.1 1508.3 1549.3 1589.9 1630.6 1671.6 1713.1 1755.2 1797.9 1841.3 1885.4 1930.2 1975.6 2021.8 1471.5 1473.9 1509.8 1542.7 1573.5 1631.1 1685.5 1738.2 1790.2 1842.0 1893.9 1946.1 1998.8 2052.0 2105.8 2160.1 2215.1 2270.7 2326.8 4.7680 4.7754 4.8848 4.9821 5.0707 5.2294 5.3714 5.5022 5.6251 5.7420 5.8540 5.9621 6.0668 6.1685 6.2675 6.3641 6.4583 6.5505 6.6406 10000 kPa (125.20 ◦ C) 4.3454 4.5091 4.7306 4.9068 5.0591 5.1968 5.3245 5.4450 5.5600 5.6704 5.7771 5.8805 5.9809 6.0786 6.1738 6.2668 6.3576 6.4464 6.5334 0.00826 — — 0.01195 0.01461 0.01666 0.01842 0.02001 0.02150 0.02290 0.02424 0.02552 0.02676 0.02796 0.02913 0.03026 0.03137 0.03245 0.03351 1206.8 — — 1341.8 1432.2 1500.6 1560.3 1615.8 1669.2 1721.6 1773.6 1825.5 1877.6 1930.0 1982.8 2036.1 2089.8 2143.9 2198.5 1289.4 — — 1461.3 1578.3 1667.2 1744.5 1816.0 1884.2 1950.6 2015.9 2080.7 2145.2 2209.6 2274.1 2338.7 2403.5 2468.5 2533.7 3.7587 — — 4.1839 4.4610 4.6617 4.8287 4.9767 5.1123 5.2392 5.3596 5.4746 5.5852 5.6921 5.7955 5.8960 5.9937 6.0888 6.1815 TABLO-B18 TABLE B.3 Thermodynamic PropertiesKarbon of Carbon Dioxide Termodinamik Özelikleri, Dioksit TABLE B.3.1 Doymuş SaturatedKarbon CarbonDioksit Dioxide İç Enerji, kJ/kg Internal Energy, kJ/kg 3 Specific Volume, /kg Özgül Hacim, m3m /kg Temp. Sıcaklık ( ◦ C) Press. Basınç (kPa) Sat. Liquid Doymuş Sıvı vf −50.0 −48 −46 −44 −42 −40 −38 −36 −34 −32 −30 −28 −26 −24 −22 −20 −18 −16 −14 −12 −10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31.0 682.3 739.5 800.2 864.4 932.5 1004.5 1080.5 1160.7 1245.2 1334.2 1427.8 1526.1 1629.3 1737.5 1850.9 1969.6 2093.8 2223.7 2359.3 2501.0 2648.7 2802.7 2963.2 3130.3 3304.2 3485.1 3673.3 3868.8 4072.0 4283.1 4502.2 4729.7 4965.8 5210.8 5465.1 5729.1 6003.1 6287.7 6583.7 6891.8 7213.7 7377.3 0.000866 0.000872 0.000878 0.000883 0.000889 0.000896 0.000902 0.000909 0.000915 0.000922 0.000930 0.000937 0.000945 0.000953 0.000961 0.000969 0.000978 0.000987 0.000997 0.001007 0.001017 0.001028 0.001040 0.001052 0.001065 0.001078 0.001093 0.001108 0.001124 0.001142 0.001161 0.001182 0.001205 0.001231 0.001260 0.001293 0.001332 0.001379 0.001440 0.001526 0.001685 0.002139 Evap. Buharlaşma vfg 0.05492 0.05075 0.04694 0.04347 0.04029 0.03739 0.03472 0.03227 0.03002 0.02794 0.02603 0.02425 0.02261 0.02110 0.01968 0.01837 0.01715 0.01601 0.01495 0.01396 0.01303 0.01216 0.01134 0.01057 0.00985 0.00916 0.00852 0.00790 0.00732 0.00677 0.00624 0.00573 0.00524 0.00477 0.00431 0.00386 0.00341 0.00295 0.00247 0.00193 0.00121 0.0 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar vg 0.05579 0.05162 0.04782 0.04435 0.04118 0.03828 0.03562 0.03318 0.03093 0.02886 0.02696 0.02519 0.02356 0.02205 0.02065 0.01934 0.01813 0.01700 0.01595 0.01497 0.01405 0.01319 0.01238 0.01162 0.01091 0.01024 0.00961 0.00901 0.00845 0.00791 0.00740 0.00691 0.00645 0.00600 0.00557 0.00515 0.00474 0.00433 0.00391 0.00346 0.00290 0.00214 Sat. Liquid Evap. Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma uf ufg −20.55 −16.64 −12.72 −8.80 −4.85 −0.90 3.07 7.05 11.05 15.07 19.11 23.17 27.25 31.35 35.48 39.64 43.82 48.04 52.30 56.59 60.92 65.30 69.73 74.20 78.74 83.34 88.01 92.76 97.60 102.54 107.60 112.79 118.14 123.69 129.48 135.56 142.03 149.04 156.88 166.20 179.49 203.56 302.26 298.86 295.42 291.94 288.42 284.86 281.26 277.60 273.90 270.14 266.32 262.45 258.51 254.50 250.41 246.25 242.01 237.68 233.26 228.73 224.10 219.35 214.47 209.46 204.29 198.96 193.44 187.73 181.78 175.57 169.07 162.23 154.99 147.26 138.95 129.90 119.89 108.55 95.20 78.26 51.83 0.0 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar ug 281.71 282.21 282.69 283.15 283.57 283.96 284.33 284.66 284.95 285.21 285.43 285.61 285.75 285.85 285.89 285.89 285.84 285.73 285.56 285.32 285.02 284.65 284.20 283.66 283.03 282.30 281.46 280.49 279.38 278.11 276.67 275.02 273.13 270.95 268.43 265.46 261.92 257.59 252.07 244.46 231.32 203.56 TABLO-B18 (Devam) TABLE B.3.1 (continued ) Doymuş SaturatedKarbon CarbonDioksit Dioxide Entropi ,kJ/kg·K kJ/kg·K Entropy, Entalpi, kJ/kgkJ/kg Enthalpy, Temp. Sıcaklık ( ◦ C) Press. Basınç (kPa) −50.0 −48 −46 −44 −42 −40 −38 −36 −34 −32 −30 −28 −26 −24 −22 −20 −18 −16 −14 −12 −10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31.0 682.3 739.5 800.2 864.4 932.5 1004.5 1080.5 1160.7 1245.2 1334.2 1427.8 1526.1 1629.3 1737.5 1850.9 1969.6 2093.8 2223.7 2359.3 2501.0 2648.7 2802.7 2963.2 3130.3 3304.2 3485.1 3673.3 3868.8 4072.0 4283.1 4502.2 4729.7 4965.8 5210.8 5465.1 5729.1 6003.1 6287.7 6583.7 6891.8 7213.7 7377.3 Sat. Liquid Evap. Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma hf hfg −19.96 −16.00 −12.02 −8.03 −4.02 0 4.04 8.11 12.19 16.30 20.43 24.60 28.78 33.00 37.26 41.55 45.87 50.24 54.65 59.11 63.62 68.18 72.81 77.50 82.26 87.10 92.02 97.05 102.18 107.43 112.83 118.38 124.13 130.11 136.36 142.97 150.02 157.71 166.36 176.72 191.65 219.34 339.73 336.38 332.98 329.52 326.00 322.42 318.78 315.06 311.28 307.42 303.48 299.46 295.35 291.15 286.85 282.44 277.93 273.30 268.54 263.65 258.61 253.43 248.08 242.55 236.83 230.89 224.73 218.30 211.59 204.56 197.15 189.33 181.02 172.12 162.50 152.00 140.34 127.09 111.45 91.58 60.58 0.0 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar hg 319.77 320.38 320.96 321.49 321.97 322.42 322.82 323.17 323.47 323.72 323.92 324.06 324.14 324.15 324.11 323.99 323.80 323.53 323.19 322.76 322.23 321.61 320.89 320.05 319.09 317.99 316.75 315.35 313.77 311.99 309.98 307.72 305.15 302.22 298.86 294.96 290.36 284.80 277.80 268.30 252.23 219.34 Sat. Liquid Evap. Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma sf sfg −0.0863 −0.0688 −0.0515 −0.0342 −0.0171 0 0.0170 0.0339 0.0507 0.0675 0.0842 0.1009 0.1175 0.1341 0.1506 0.1672 0.1837 0.2003 0.2169 0.2334 0.2501 0.2668 0.2835 0.3003 0.3173 0.3344 0.3516 0.3690 0.3866 0.4045 0.4228 0.4414 0.4605 0.4802 0.5006 0.5221 0.5449 0.5695 0.5971 0.6301 0.6778 0.7680 1.5224 1.4940 1.4659 1.4380 1.4103 1.3829 1.3556 1.3285 1.3016 1.2748 1.2481 1.2215 1.1950 1.1686 1.1421 1.1157 1.0893 1.0628 1.0362 1.0096 0.9828 0.9558 0.9286 0.9012 0.8734 0.8453 0.8167 0.7877 0.7580 0.7276 0.6963 0.6640 0.6304 0.5952 0.5581 0.5185 0.4755 0.4277 0.3726 0.3041 0.1998 0.0 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar sg 1.4362 1.4252 1.4144 1.4038 1.3933 1.3829 1.3726 1.3624 1.3523 1.3423 1.3323 1.3224 1.3125 1.3026 1.2928 1.2829 1.2730 1.2631 1.2531 1.2430 1.2328 1.2226 1.2121 1.2015 1.1907 1.1797 1.1683 1.1567 1.1446 1.1321 1.1190 1.1053 1.0909 1.0754 1.0588 1.0406 1.0203 0.9972 0.9697 0.9342 0.8776 0.7680 TABLO-B19 TABLE B.3.2 Kızgın Karbon DioksitDioxide Superheated Carbon Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) — 0.10499 0.11538 0.12552 0.13551 0.14538 0.15518 0.16491 0.17460 0.18425 0.19388 0.20348 0.21307 0.22264 0.23219 0.24173 0.25127 — 292.46 305.30 318.31 331.57 345.14 359.03 373.25 387.80 402.67 417.86 433.35 449.13 465.20 481.55 498.16 515.02 — 334.46 351.46 368.51 385.77 403.29 421.10 439.21 457.64 476.37 495.41 514.74 534.36 554.26 574.42 594.85 615.53 — 1.5947 1.6646 1.7295 1.7904 1.8482 1.9033 1.9561 2.0069 2.0558 2.1030 2.1487 2.1930 2.2359 2.2777 2.3183 2.3578 0.04783 0.04966 0.05546 0.06094 0.06623 0.07140 0.07648 0.08150 0.08647 0.09141 0.09631 0.10119 0.10606 0.11090 0.11573 0.12056 0.12537 1000 kPa (−40.12 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 0.03845 0.04342 0.04799 0.05236 0.05660 0.06074 0.06482 0.06885 0.07284 0.07680 0.08074 0.08465 0.08856 0.09244 0.09632 0.10019 0.10405 283.94 298.89 313.15 327.27 341.46 355.82 370.42 385.26 400.38 415.77 431.43 447.36 463.56 480.01 496.72 513.67 530.86 322.39 342.31 361.14 379.63 398.05 416.56 435.23 454.11 473.22 492.57 512.17 532.02 552.11 572.46 593.04 613.86 634.90 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 800 kPa (−46.00 ◦ C) 400 kPa (NA) Sat. Doymuş −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 u (kJ/kg) 282.69 287.05 301.13 314.92 328.73 342.70 356.90 371.37 386.11 401.15 416.47 432.07 447.95 464.11 480.52 497.20 514.12 320.95 326.78 345.49 363.67 381.72 399.82 418.09 436.57 455.29 474.27 493.52 513.03 532.80 552.83 573.11 593.64 614.41 1.4145 1.4398 1.5168 1.5859 1.6497 1.7094 1.7660 1.8199 1.8714 1.9210 1.9687 2.0148 2.0594 2.1027 2.1447 2.1855 2.2252 1400 kPa (−30.58 ◦ C) 1.3835 1.4655 1.5371 1.6025 1.6633 1.7206 1.7750 1.8270 1.8768 1.9249 1.9712 2.0160 2.0594 2.1015 2.1424 2.1822 2.2209 0.02750 0.02957 0.03315 0.03648 0.03966 0.04274 0.04575 0.04870 0.05161 0.05450 0.05736 0.06020 0.06302 0.06583 0.06863 0.07141 0.07419 285.37 294.04 309.42 324.23 338.90 353.62 368.48 383.54 398.83 414.36 430.14 446.17 462.45 478.98 495.76 512.77 530.01 323.87 335.44 355.83 375.30 394.42 413.45 432.52 451.72 471.09 490.66 510.44 530.45 550.68 571.14 591.83 612.74 633.88 1.3352 1.3819 1.4595 1.5283 1.5914 1.6503 1.7059 1.7588 1.8093 1.8579 1.9046 1.9498 1.9935 2.0358 2.0770 2.1169 2.1558 TABLO-B19 (Devam) TABLE B.3.2 (continued ) Kızgın Karbon DioksitDioxide Superheated Carbon Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 2000 kPa (−19.50 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 0.01903 0.02193 0.02453 0.02693 0.02922 0.03143 0.03359 0.03570 0.03777 0.03982 0.04186 0.04387 0.04587 0.04786 0.04983 0.05180 0.05377 285.88 303.24 319.37 334.88 350.19 365.49 380.90 396.46 412.22 428.18 444.37 460.79 477.43 494.31 511.41 528.73 546.26 323.95 347.09 368.42 388.75 408.64 428.36 448.07 467.85 487.76 507.83 528.08 548.53 569.17 590.02 611.08 632.34 653.80 0.00474 — 0.00670 0.00801 0.00908 0.01004 0.01092 0.01176 0.01257 0.01335 0.01411 0.01485 0.01558 0.01630 0.01701 0.01771 0.01840 261.97 — 298.62 322.51 342.74 361.47 379.47 397.10 414.56 431.97 449.40 466.91 484.52 502.27 520.15 538.18 556.37 290.42 — 338.82 370.54 397.21 421.69 445.02 467.68 489.97 512.06 534.04 556.01 578.00 600.05 622.19 644.44 666.80 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 3000 kPa (−5.55 ◦ C) 1.2804 1.3684 1.4438 1.5109 1.5725 1.6300 1.6843 1.7359 1.7853 1.8327 1.8784 1.9226 1.9653 2.0068 2.0470 2.0862 2.1243 0.01221 0.01293 0.01512 0.01698 0.01868 0.02029 0.02182 0.02331 0.02477 0.02619 0.02759 0.02898 0.03035 0.03171 0.03306 0.03440 0.03573 6000 kPa (21.98 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 u (kJ/kg) 284.09 290.52 310.21 327.61 344.14 360.30 376.35 392.42 408.57 424.87 441.34 457.99 474.83 491.88 509.13 526.59 544.25 320.71 329.32 355.56 378.55 400.19 421.16 441.82 462.35 482.87 503.44 524.12 544.92 565.88 587.01 608.30 629.78 651.43 1.2098 1.2416 1.3344 1.4104 1.4773 1.5385 1.5954 1.6490 1.6999 1.7485 1.7952 1.8401 1.8835 1.9255 1.9662 2.0057 2.0442 10 000 kPa 1.0206 — 1.1806 1.2789 1.3567 1.4241 1.4850 1.5413 1.5939 1.6438 1.6913 1.7367 1.7804 1.8226 1.8634 1.9029 1.9412 — 0.00117 0.00159 0.00345 0.00451 0.00530 0.00598 0.00658 0.00715 0.00768 0.00819 0.00868 0.00916 0.00962 0.01008 0.01053 0.01097 — 118.12 184.23 277.63 312.82 338.20 360.19 380.54 399.99 418.94 437.61 456.12 474.58 493.03 511.53 530.11 548.77 — 129.80 200.14 312.11 357.95 391.24 419.96 446.38 471.46 495.73 519.49 542.91 566.14 589.26 612.32 635.37 658.46 — 0.4594 0.6906 1.0389 1.1728 1.2646 1.3396 1.4051 1.4644 1.5192 1.5705 1.6190 1.6652 1.7094 1.7518 1.7928 1.8324 TABLO-B20 TABLE B.4 Termodinamik ThermodynamicÖzelikleri, PropertiesR-410A of R-410A TABLE B.4.1 Doymuş SaturatedR-410A R-410A İç Enerji, kJ/kg Internal Energy, kJ/kg 3 Özgül Hacim, m3m /kg Specific Volume, /kg Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) Basınç Press. (kPa) Doymuş Sıvı Sat. Liquid vf −60 −55 −51.4 −50 −45 −40 −35 −30 −25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 71.3 64.1 84.0 101.3 108.7 138.8 175.0 218.4 269.6 329.7 399.6 480.4 573.1 678.9 798.7 933.9 1085.7 1255.4 1444.2 1653.6 1885.1 2140.2 2420.7 2728.3 3065.2 3433.7 3836.9 4278.3 4763.1 4901.2 0.000727 0.000735 0.000741 0.000743 0.000752 0.000762 0.000771 0.000781 0.000792 0.000803 0.000815 0.000827 0.000841 0.000855 0.000870 0.000886 0.000904 0.000923 0.000944 0.000968 0.000995 0.001025 0.001060 0.001103 0.001156 0.001227 0.001338 0.001619 0.00218 Buharlaşma Evap. vfg 0.36772 0.28484 0.23875 0.22344 0.17729 0.14215 0.11505 0.09392 0.07726 0.06400 0.05334 0.04470 0.03764 0.03182 0.02699 0.02295 0.01955 0.01666 0.01420 0.01208 0.01025 0.00865 0.00723 0.00597 0.00482 0.00374 0.00265 0.00124 0 Doymuş Buhar Sat. Vapor vg 0.36845 0.28558 0.23949 0.22418 0.17804 0.14291 0.11582 0.09470 0.07805 0.06480 0.05416 0.04553 0.03848 0.03267 0.02786 0.02383 0.02045 0.01758 0.01514 0.01305 0.01124 0.00967 0.00829 0.00707 0.00598 0.00497 0.00399 0.00286 0.00218 Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma Sat. Liquid Evap. uf ufg −27.50 −20.70 −15.78 −13.88 −7.02 −0.13 6.80 13.78 20.82 27.92 35.08 42.32 49.65 57.07 64.60 72.24 80.02 87.94 96.03 104.32 112.83 121.61 130.72 140.27 150.44 161.57 174.59 194.53 215.78 256.41 251.89 248.59 247.31 242.67 237.95 233.14 228.23 223.21 218.07 212.79 207.36 201.75 195.95 189.93 183.66 177.10 170.21 162.95 155.24 147.00 138.11 128.41 117.63 105.34 90.70 71.59 37.47 0 Doymuş Buhar Sat. Vapor ug 228.91 231.19 232.81 233.43 235.64 237.81 239.94 242.01 244.03 245.99 247.88 249.69 251.41 253.02 254.53 255.90 257.12 258.16 258.98 259.56 259.83 259.72 259.13 257.90 255.78 252.27 246.19 232.01 215.78 TABLO-B20 (Devam) TABLE B.4.1 (continued ) Doymuş SaturatedR-410A R-410A Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entalpi, kJ/kg Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) Basınç Press. (kPa) −60 −55 −51.4 −50 −45 −40 −35 −30 −25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 71.3 64.1 84.0 101.3 108.7 138.8 175.0 218.4 269.6 329.7 399.6 480.4 573.1 678.9 798.7 933.9 1085.7 1255.4 1444.2 1653.6 1885.1 2140.2 2420.7 2728.3 3065.2 3433.7 3836.9 4278.3 4763.1 4901.2 Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma Sat. Liquid Evap. hf hfg −27.45 −20.64 −15.70 −13.80 −6.92 0 6.97 13.99 21.08 28.24 35.47 42.80 50.22 57.76 65.41 73.21 81.15 89.27 97.59 106.14 114.95 124.09 133.61 143.65 154.41 166.28 180.32 202.24 226.46 279.96 275.83 272.78 271.60 267.27 262.83 258.26 253.55 248.69 243.65 238.42 232.98 227.31 221.37 215.13 208.57 201.64 194.28 186.43 178.02 168.94 159.04 148.14 135.93 121.89 105.04 82.95 43.40 0 Entropy, Entropi ,kJ/kg·K kJ/kg·K Doymuş Buhar Sat. Vapor hg 252.51 255.19 257.08 257.80 260.35 262.83 265.23 267.54 269.77 271.89 273.90 275.78 277.53 279.12 280.55 281.78 282.79 283.55 284.02 284.16 283.89 283.13 281.76 279.58 276.30 271.33 263.26 245.64 226.46 Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma Sat. Liquid Evap. sf sfg −0.1227 −0.0912 −0.0688 −0.0603 −0.0299 0 0.0294 0.0585 0.0871 0.1154 0.1435 0.1713 0.1989 0.2264 0.2537 0.2810 0.3083 0.3357 0.3631 0.3908 0.4189 0.4473 0.4765 0.5067 0.5384 0.5729 0.6130 0.6752 0.7449 1.3135 1.2644 1.2301 1.2171 1.1715 1.1273 1.0844 1.0428 1.0022 0.9625 0.9236 0.8854 0.8477 0.8104 0.7734 0.7366 0.6998 0.6627 0.6253 0.5872 0.5482 0.5079 0.4656 0.4206 0.3715 0.3153 0.2453 0.1265 0 Doymuş Buhar Sat. Vapor sg 1.1907 1.1732 1.1613 1.1568 1.1416 1.1273 1.1139 1.1012 1.0893 1.0779 1.0671 1.0567 1.0466 1.0368 1.0272 1.0176 1.0081 0.9984 0.9884 0.9781 0.9671 0.9552 0.9421 0.9273 0.9099 0.8882 0.8583 0.8017 0.7449 TABLO-B21 TABLE B.4.2 Kızgın BuharR-410A R-410A Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 50 kPa (−64.34 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 0.46484 0.47585 0.52508 0.57295 0.62016 0.66698 0.71355 0.75995 0.80623 0.85243 0.89857 0.94465 0.99070 1.03671 1.08270 1.12867 1.17462 226.90 229.60 241.94 254.51 267.52 281.05 295.15 309.84 325.11 340.99 357.46 374.50 392.12 410.28 428.98 448.19 467.90 250.15 253.40 268.20 283.16 298.53 314.40 330.83 347.83 365.43 383.61 402.38 421.74 441.65 462.12 483.11 504.63 526.63 0.16540 0.16851 0.18613 0.20289 0.21921 0.23525 0.25112 0.26686 0.28251 0.29810 0.31364 0.32915 0.34462 0.36006 0.37548 0.39089 0.40628 236.36 238.72 252.34 265.90 279.78 294.12 308.97 324.37 340.35 356.89 374.00 391.66 409.87 428.60 447.84 467.58 487.78 261.17 263.99 280.26 296.33 312.66 329.40 346.64 364.40 382.72 401.60 421.04 441.03 461.56 482.61 504.16 526.21 548.73 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 100 kPa (−51.65 ◦ C) 1.2070 1.2225 1.2888 1.3504 1.4088 1.4649 1.5191 1.5717 1.6230 1.6731 1.7221 1.7701 1.8171 1.8633 1.9087 1.9532 1.9969 0.24247 — 0.25778 0.28289 0.30723 0.33116 0.35483 0.37833 0.40171 0.42500 0.44822 0.47140 0.49453 0.51764 0.54072 0.56378 0.58682 150 kPa (−43.35 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 u (kJ/kg) 232.70 — 240.40 253.44 266.72 280.42 294.64 309.40 324.75 340.67 357.17 374.25 391.89 410.07 428.79 448.02 467.74 256.94 — 266.18 281.73 297.44 313.54 330.12 347.24 364.92 383.17 401.99 421.39 441.34 461.84 482.86 504.40 526.42 1.1621 — 1.2027 1.2667 1.3265 1.3833 1.4380 1.4910 1.5425 1.5928 1.6419 1.6901 1.7372 1.7835 1.8289 1.8734 1.9172 200 kPa (−37.01 ◦ C) 1.1368 1.1489 1.2159 1.2770 1.3347 1.3899 1.4433 1.4950 1.5455 1.5948 1.6430 1.6902 1.7366 1.7820 1.8266 1.8705 1.9135 0.12591 — 0.13771 0.15070 0.16322 0.17545 0.18750 0.19943 0.21127 0.22305 0.23477 0.24645 0.25810 0.26973 0.28134 0.29293 0.30450 239.09 — 251.18 265.06 279.13 293.59 308.53 324.00 340.02 356.60 373.74 391.43 409.66 428.41 447.67 467.41 487.63 264.27 — 278.72 295.20 311.78 328.68 346.03 363.89 382.28 401.21 420.70 440.72 461.28 482.35 503.93 526.00 548.53 1.1192 — 1.1783 1.2410 1.2995 1.3553 1.4090 1.4610 1.5117 1.5611 1.6094 1.6568 1.7032 1.7487 1.7933 1.8372 1.8803 TABLO-B21 (Devam) TABLE B.4.2 (continued ) Kızgın BuharR-410A R-410A Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 300 kPa (−27.37 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 0.08548 0.08916 0.09845 0.10720 0.11564 0.12388 0.13200 0.14003 0.14798 0.15589 0.16376 0.17159 0.17940 0.18719 0.19496 0.20272 0.21046 243.08 248.71 263.33 277.81 292.53 307.65 323.25 339.37 356.03 373.23 390.97 409.24 428.03 447.31 467.09 487.33 508.02 268.72 275.46 292.87 309.96 327.22 344.81 362.85 381.38 400.43 420.00 440.10 460.72 481.85 503.47 525.58 548.15 571.16 0.05208 0.05651 0.06231 0.06775 0.07297 0.07804 0.08302 0.08793 0.09279 0.09760 0.10238 0.10714 0.11187 0.11659 0.12129 0.12598 0.13066 248.29 259.59 275.02 290.32 305.84 321.72 338.05 354.87 372.20 390.05 408.40 427.26 446.61 466.44 486.73 507.46 528.62 274.33 287.84 306.18 324.20 342.32 360.74 379.56 398.84 418.60 438.85 459.59 480.83 502.55 524.73 547.37 570.45 593.95 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 400 kPa (−19.98 ◦ C) 1.0949 1.1219 1.1881 1.2485 1.3054 1.3599 1.4125 1.4635 1.5132 1.5617 1.6093 1.6558 1.7014 1.7462 1.7901 1.8332 1.8756 0.06475 — 0.07227 0.07916 0.08571 0.09207 0.09828 0.10440 0.11045 0.11645 0.12241 0.12834 0.13424 0.14012 0.14598 0.15182 0.15766 500 kPa (−13.89 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 u (kJ/kg) 246.00 — 261.51 276.44 291.44 306.75 322.49 338.72 355.45 372.72 390.51 408.82 427.64 446.96 466.76 487.03 507.74 271.90 — 290.42 308.10 325.72 343.58 361.80 380.48 399.64 419.30 439.47 460.16 481.34 503.01 525.15 547.76 570.81 1.0779 — 1.1483 1.2108 1.2689 1.3242 1.3773 1.4288 1.4788 1.5276 1.5752 1.6219 1.6676 1.7125 1.7565 1.7997 1.8422 600 kPa (−8.67 ◦ C) 1.0647 1.1155 1.1803 1.2398 1.2959 1.3496 1.4014 1.4517 1.5007 1.5486 1.5954 1.6413 1.6862 1.7303 1.7736 1.8161 1.8578 0.04351 0.04595 0.05106 0.05576 0.06023 0.06455 0.06877 0.07292 0.07701 0.08106 0.08508 0.08907 0.09304 0.09700 0.10093 0.10486 0.10877 250.15 257.54 273.56 289.19 304.91 320.94 337.38 354.29 371.68 389.58 407.98 426.88 446.26 466.11 486.42 507.18 528.36 276.26 285.12 304.20 322.64 341.05 359.67 378.65 398.04 417.89 438.22 459.03 480.32 502.08 524.31 546.98 570.09 593.62 1.0540 1.0869 1.1543 1.2152 1.2722 1.3265 1.3787 1.4294 1.4786 1.5266 1.5736 1.6196 1.6646 1.7088 1.7521 1.7947 1.8365 TABLO-B21 (Devam) TABLE B.4.2 (continued ) Kızgın BuharR-410A R-410A Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 800 kPa (0.05 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 0.03262 0.03693 0.04074 0.04429 0.04767 0.05095 0.05415 0.05729 0.06039 0.06345 0.06649 0.06951 0.07251 0.07549 0.07846 0.08142 253.04 270.47 286.83 303.01 319.36 336.03 353.11 370.64 388.65 407.13 426.10 445.55 465.46 485.82 506.61 527.83 279.14 300.02 319.42 338.44 357.49 376.79 396.42 416.47 436.96 457.90 479.30 501.15 523.46 546.21 569.38 592.97 0.02145 0.02260 0.02563 0.02830 0.03077 0.03311 0.03537 0.03756 0.03971 0.04183 0.04391 0.04597 0.04802 0.05005 0.05207 0.05407 0.05607 256.75 263.39 281.72 299.00 316.06 333.24 350.69 368.51 386.75 405.43 424.55 444.12 464.14 484.60 505.48 526.77 548.47 282.50 290.51 312.48 332.96 352.98 372.97 393.13 413.59 434.40 455.62 477.24 499.29 521.77 544.66 567.96 591.66 615.75 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 1000 kPa (7.25 ◦ C) 1.0367 1.1105 1.1746 1.2334 1.2890 1.3421 1.3934 1.4431 1.4915 1.5388 1.5850 1.6302 1.6746 1.7181 1.7607 1.8026 0.02596 0.02838 0.03170 0.03470 0.03753 0.04025 0.04288 0.04545 0.04798 0.05048 0.05294 0.05539 0.05781 0.06023 0.06262 0.06501 1200 kPa (13.43 ◦ C) Sat. Doymuş 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 u (kJ/kg) 255.16 267.11 284.35 301.04 317.73 334.65 351.91 369.58 387.70 406.28 425.33 444.84 464.80 485.21 506.05 527.30 281.12 295.49 316.05 335.75 355.27 374.89 394.79 415.04 435.68 456.76 478.27 500.23 522.62 545.43 568.67 592.31 1.0229 1.0730 1.1409 1.2019 1.2588 1.3128 1.3648 1.4150 1.4638 1.5113 1.5578 1.6032 1.6477 1.6914 1.7341 1.7761 1400 kPa (18.88 ◦ C) 1.0111 1.0388 1.1113 1.1747 1.2331 1.2881 1.3408 1.3915 1.4407 1.4886 1.5353 1.5809 1.6256 1.6693 1.7122 1.7543 1.7956 0.01819 0.01838 0.02127 0.02371 0.02593 0.02801 0.03000 0.03192 0.03380 0.03565 0.03746 0.03925 0.04102 0.04278 0.04452 0.04626 0.04798 257.94 259.18 278.93 296.88 314.35 331.80 349.46 367.43 385.79 404.56 423.77 443.41 463.49 483.99 504.91 526.25 547.97 283.40 284.90 308.71 330.07 350.64 371.01 391.46 412.13 433.12 454.47 476.21 498.36 520.92 543.88 567.25 591.01 615.14 1.0006 1.0057 1.0843 1.1505 1.2105 1.2666 1.3199 1.3712 1.4208 1.4690 1.5160 1.5618 1.6066 1.6505 1.6936 1.7358 1.7772 TABLO-B21 (Devam) TABLE B.4.2 (continued ) Kızgın BuharR-410A R-410A Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. ( ◦ C) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 1800 kPa (28.22 ◦ C) Sat. Doymuş 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 0.01376 0.01534 0.01754 0.01945 0.02119 0.02283 0.02441 0.02593 0.02741 0.02886 0.03029 0.03170 0.03309 0.03447 0.03584 0.03720 0.03855 259.38 272.67 292.34 310.76 328.84 346.93 365.24 383.85 402.82 422.19 441.97 462.16 482.77 503.78 525.19 546.98 569.15 284.15 300.29 323.92 345.77 366.98 388.03 409.17 430.51 452.16 474.14 496.49 519.22 542.34 565.83 589.70 613.94 638.54 0.00729 0.00858 0.01025 0.01159 0.01277 0.01387 0.01489 0.01588 0.01683 0.01775 0.01865 0.01954 0.02041 0.02127 0.02212 0.02296 0.02379 258.19 274.96 298.38 319.07 338.84 358.32 377.80 397.46 417.37 437.60 458.16 479.08 500.37 522.01 544.02 566.37 589.07 280.06 300.70 329.12 353.84 377.16 399.92 422.49 445.09 467.85 490.84 514.11 537.69 561.59 585.81 610.37 635.25 660.45 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 2000 kPa (32.31 ◦ C) 0.9818 1.0344 1.1076 1.1713 1.2297 1.2847 1.3371 1.3875 1.4364 1.4839 1.5301 1.5753 1.6195 1.6627 1.7051 1.7467 1.7875 0.01218 0.01321 0.01536 0.01717 0.01880 0.02032 0.02177 0.02317 0.02452 0.02585 0.02715 0.02844 0.02970 0.03095 0.03220 0.03343 0.03465 3000 kPa (49.07 ◦ C) Doymuş Sat. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 u (kJ/kg) 259.72 269.07 289.90 308.88 327.30 345.64 364.12 382.86 401.94 421.40 441.25 461.50 482.16 503.21 524.66 546.49 568.69 284.09 295.49 320.62 343.22 364.91 386.29 407.66 429.20 450.99 473.10 495.55 518.37 541.56 565.12 589.05 613.35 637.99 0.9731 1.0099 1.0878 1.1537 1.2134 1.2693 1.3223 1.3732 1.4224 1.4701 1.5166 1.5619 1.6063 1.6497 1.6922 1.7338 1.7747 4000 kPa (61.90 ◦ C) 0.9303 0.9933 1.0762 1.1443 1.2052 1.2617 1.3150 1.3661 1.4152 1.4628 1.5091 1.5541 1.5981 1.6411 1.6833 1.7245 1.7650 0.00460 — 0.00661 0.00792 0.00897 0.00990 0.01076 0.01156 0.01232 0.01305 0.01377 0.01446 0.01514 0.01581 0.01647 0.01712 0.01776 250.37 — 285.02 309.62 331.39 352.14 372.51 392.82 413.25 433.88 454.79 475.99 497.51 519.37 541.55 564.06 586.90 268.76 — 311.48 341.29 367.29 391.75 415.53 439.05 462.52 486.10 509.85 533.83 558.08 582.60 607.42 632.54 657.95 0.8782 — 1.0028 1.0850 1.1529 1.2136 1.2698 1.3229 1.3736 1.4224 1.4696 1.5155 1.5601 1.6037 1.6462 1.6879 1.7286 WB00776-appb WB00776-Borgnakke-v1 May 24, 2013 TABLO-B24 TABLE B.6 Termodinamik Özelikleri, Azot Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen TABLE B.6.1 Doymuş Azot Saturated Nitrogen İç Enerji, kJ/kg Internal Energy, kJ/kg 3 Özgül Hacim, m3m /kg Specific Volume, /kg Sıcaklık Temp. (K) Basınç Press. (kPa) Doymuş Sıvı Sat. Liquid vf 63.1 65 70 75 77.3 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 126.2 12.5 17.4 38.6 76.1 101.3 137.0 229.1 360.8 541.1 779.2 1084.6 1467.6 1939.3 2513.0 3208.0 3397.8 0.001150 0.001160 0.001191 0.001223 0.001240 0.001259 0.001299 0.001343 0.001393 0.001452 0.001522 0.001610 0.001729 0.001915 0.002355 0.003194 Buharlaşma Evap. v fg Doymuş Buhar Sat. Vapor vg 1.48074 1.09231 0.52513 0.28052 0.21515 0.16249 0.10018 0.06477 0.04337 0.02975 0.02066 0.01434 0.00971 0.00608 0.00254 0 1.48189 1.09347 0.52632 0.28174 0.21639 0.16375 0.10148 0.06611 0.04476 0.03120 0.02218 0.01595 0.01144 0.00799 0.00490 0.00319 Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma Sat. Liquid Evap. uf u fg −150.92 −147.19 −137.13 −127.04 −122.27 −116.86 −106.55 −96.06 −85.35 −74.33 −62.89 −50.81 −37.66 −22.42 −0.83 18.94 Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entalpi, kJ/kg Temp. Sıcaklık (K) Press. Basınç (kPa) Sat. Liquid Doymuş Sıvı hf 63.1 65 70 75 77.3 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 126.2 12.5 17.4 38.6 76.1 101.3 137.0 229.1 360.8 541.1 779.2 1084.6 1467.6 1939.3 2513.0 3208.0 3397.8 −150.91 −147.17 −137.09 −126.95 −122.15 −116.69 −106.25 −95.58 −84.59 −73.20 −61.24 −48.45 −34.31 −17.61 6.73 29.79 Evap. Buharlaşma h fg 215.39 213.38 207.79 201.82 198.84 195.32 188.15 180.13 171.07 160.68 148.59 134.15 116.19 91.91 48.88 0 Doymuş Buhar Sat. Vapor ug 196.86 194.37 187.54 180.47 177.04 173.06 165.20 156.76 147.60 137.50 126.18 113.11 97.36 76.63 40.73 0 45.94 47.17 50.40 53.43 54.76 56.20 58.65 60.70 62.25 63.17 63.29 62.31 59.70 54.21 39.90 18.94 Entropy, Entropi ,kJ/kg·K kJ/kg·K Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar hg 64.48 66.21 70.70 74.87 76.69 78.63 81.90 84.55 86.47 87.48 87.35 85.71 81.88 74.30 55.60 29.79 Sat. Liquid Evap. Doymuş Sıvı Buharlaşma sf s fg 2.4234 2.4816 2.6307 2.7700 2.8326 2.9014 3.0266 3.1466 3.2627 3.3761 3.4883 3.6017 3.7204 3.8536 4.0399 4.2193 3.4109 3.2828 2.9684 2.6909 2.5707 2.4415 2.2135 2.0015 1.8007 1.6068 1.4151 1.2196 1.0104 0.7659 0.3910 0 Sat. Vapor Doymuş Buhar sg 5.8343 5.7645 5.5991 5.4609 5.4033 5.3429 5.2401 5.1480 5.0634 4.9829 4.9034 4.8213 4.7307 4.6195 4.4309 4.2193 12:9 TABLO-B25 TABLE B.6.2 Kızgın Azot Nitrogen Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. (K) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 100 kPa (77.24 K) Sat. Doymuş 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0.21903 0.29103 0.35208 0.41253 0.47263 0.53254 0.59231 0.65199 0.71161 0.77118 0.83072 0.89023 1.03891 1.18752 1.33607 1.48458 1.78154 2.07845 2.37532 2.67217 2.96900 54.70 72.84 87.94 102.95 117.91 132.83 147.74 162.63 177.51 192.39 207.26 222.14 259.35 296.66 334.16 371.95 448.79 527.74 609.07 692.79 778.78 76.61 101.94 123.15 144.20 165.17 186.09 206.97 227.83 248.67 269.51 290.33 311.16 363.24 415.41 467.77 520.41 626.94 735.58 846.60 960.01 1075.68 u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 200 kPa (83.62 K) 5.4059 5.6944 5.8878 6.0501 6.1901 6.3132 6.4232 6.5227 6.6133 6.6967 6.7739 6.8457 7.0063 7.1456 7.2690 7.3799 7.5741 7.7415 7.8897 8.0232 8.1451 0.11520 0.14252 0.17397 0.20476 0.23519 0.26542 0.29551 0.32552 0.35546 0.38535 0.41520 0.44503 0.51952 0.59392 0.66827 0.74258 0.89114 1.03965 1.18812 1.33657 1.48501 58.01 71.73 87.14 102.33 117.40 132.41 147.37 162.31 177.23 192.14 207.04 221.93 259.18 296.52 334.04 371.85 448.71 527.68 609.02 692.75 778.74 81.05 100.24 121.93 143.28 164.44 185.49 206.48 227.41 248.32 269.21 290.08 310.94 363.09 415.31 467.70 520.37 626.94 735.61 846.64 960.07 1075.75 5.2673 5.4775 5.6753 5.8399 5.9812 6.1052 6.2157 6.3155 6.4064 6.4900 6.5674 6.6393 6.8001 6.9396 7.0630 7.1740 7.3682 7.5357 7.6839 7.8175 7.9393 P = 10 kPa (45.81 C) Sat. 50 14.67355 14.86920 2437.89 2443.87 2584.63 2592.56 P = 50 kPa (81.33 C) 8.1501 8.1749 3.24034 — 2483.85 — 2645.87 — 7.5939 — TABLO-B25 (Devam) TABLE B.6.2 (continued ) Kızgın BuharNitrogen Azot Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. (K) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 400 kPa (91.22 K) Sat. 0.05992 Doymuş 1000 58.75669 100 0.06806 1100 63.37198 120 0.08486 1200 67.98724 140 0.10085 1300 72.60250 160 0.11647 180 0.13186 200 0.14712 Sat. 1.69400 220 0.16228 150 1.93636 240 0.17738 200 2.17226 260 0.19243 250 2.40604 280 0.20745 300 2.63876 300 0.22244 400 3.10263 350 0.25982 500 3.56547 400 0.29712 600450 4.02781 0.33437 700500 4.48986 0.37159 800600 4.95174 0.44595 900700 5.41353 0.52025 1000800 5.87526 0.59453 1100900 6.33696 0.66878 12001000 6.79863 0.74302 1300 7.26030 Doymuş Sat. 0.03038 Sat. 120 0.60582 0.04017 150140 0.63388 0.04886 200160 0.71629 0.05710 180 0.06509 200 0.07293 220 0.08067 240 0.08835 260 0.09599 280 0.10358 300 0.11115 350 0.12998 400 0.14873 500 0.18609 600 0.22335 700 0.26056 800 0.29773 900 0.33488 1000 0.37202 61.13 85.10 4053.01 4640.58 69.30 96.52 4257.47 4891.19 85.48 119.42 4467.91 5147.78 101.06 141.40 4683.68 5409.70 116.38 162.96 ◦ 184.30 131.55 100 kPa (99.62 C) 146.64 205.49 2506.06 2675.46 161.68 226.59 2582.75 2776.38 176.67 247.62 2658.05 2875.27 191.64 268.61 2733.73 2974.33 206.58 289.56 2810.41 3074.28 221.52 310.50 2967.85 3278.11 258.85 362.78 3131.54 3488.09 296.25 415.10 3301.94 3704.72 333.81 467.56 3479.24 3928.23 371.65 520.28 3663.53 4158.71 448.55 626.93 3854.77 4396.12 527.55 735.65 4052.78 4640.31 608.92 846.73 4257.25 4890.95 692.67 960.19 4467.70 5147.56 778.68 1075.89 4683.47 5409.49 800 kPa (100.38 K) 300 kPa (133.55 ◦ C) 63.21 87.52 2543.55 2725.30 81.88 114.02 2570.79 2760.95 98.41 137.50 2650.65 2865.54 114.28 159.95 129.82 181.89 145.17 203.51 160.40 224.94 175.54 246.23 190.63 267.42 205.68 288.54 220.70 309.62 258.19 362.17 295.69 414.68 371.25 520.12 448.24 626.93 527.31 735.76 608.73 846.91 692.52 960.42 778.55 1076.16 u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 600 kPa (96.37 K) 5.1268 11.0392 5.2466 11.2287 5.4556 11.4090 5.6250 14.5810 5.7690 5.8947 6.0063 7.3593 6.1069 7.6133 6.1984 7.8342 6.2824 8.0332 6.3600 8.2157 6.4322 8.5434 6.5934 8.8341 6.7331 9.0975 6.8567 9.3398 6.9678 9.5652 7.1622 9.7767 7.3298 9.9764 7.4781 10.1658 7.6117 10.3462 7.7335 10.5182 0.04046 11.75097 0.04299 12.67418 0.05510 13.59737 0.06620 14.52054 0.07689 0.08734 0.09766 0.88573 0.10788 0.95964 0.11803 1.08034 0.12813 1.19880 0.13820 1.31616 0.14824 1.54930 0.17326 1.78139 0.19819 2.01297 0.22308 2.24426 0.24792 2.47539 0.29755 2.70643 0.34712 2.93740 0.39666 3.16834 0.44618 3.39927 0.49568 3.63018 4.9768 6.9918 5.2191 7.0778 5.4002 7.3115 5.5501 0.02416 0.46246 0.03117 0.47084 0.03845 0.53422 0.04522 5.6793 5.7933 5.8954 5.9880 6.0728 6.1511 6.2238 6.3858 6.5260 6.7613 6.9560 7.1237 7.2721 7.4058 7.5277 0.05173 0.05809 0.06436 0.07055 0.07670 0.08281 0.08889 0.10401 0.11905 0.14899 0.17883 0.20862 0.23837 0.26810 0.29782 62.57 86.85 5.0411 4052.91 4640.46 10.2964 66.41 92.20 5.0957 4257.37 4891.08 10.4858 83.73 116.79 5.3204 4467.82 5147.69 10.6662 99.75 139.47 5.4953 4683.58 5409.61 10.8382 115.34 161.47 5.6422 ◦183.10 130.69 5.7696 200 kPa (120.23 C) 145.91 204.50 5.8823 2529.49 2706.63 7.1271 161.04 225.76 5.9837 2576.87 2768.80 7.2795 176.11 246.92 6.0757 2654.39 2870.46 7.5066 191.13 268.01 6.1601 2731.22 2970.98 7.7085 206.13 289.05 6.2381 2808.55 3071.79 7.8926 221.11 310.06 6.3105 2966.69 3276.55 8.2217 258.52 362.48 6.4722 3130.75 3487.03 8.5132 295.97 414.89 6.6121 3301.36 3703.96 8.7769 333.57 467.42 6.7359 3478.81 3927.66 9.0194 371.45 520.20 6.8471 3663.19 4158.27 9.2450 448.40 626.93 7.0416 3854.49 4395.77 9.4565 527.43 735.70 7.2093 4052.53 4640.01 9.6563 608.82 846.82 7.3576 4257.01 4890.68 9.8458 692.59 960.30 7.4912 4467.46 5147.32 778.61 1076.02 10.0262 7.6131 4683.23 5409.26 10.1982 1000 kPa (103.73 K) 400 kPa (143.63 ◦ C) 63.35 87.51 4.9237 2553.55 2738.53 6.8958 79.91 111.08 5.1357 2564.48 2752.82 6.9299 97.02 135.47 5.3239 2646.83 2860.51 7.1706 113.20 158.42 5.4772 128.94 180.67 5.6082 144.43 202.52 5.7234 159.76 224.11 5.8263 174.98 245.53 5.9194 190.13 266.83 6.0047 205.23 288.04 6.0833 220.29 309.18 6.1562 FINAL PAGES 257.86 361.87 6.3187 295.42 414.47 6.4591 371.04 520.04 6.6947 448.09 626.92 6.8895 527.19 735.81 7.0573 608.63 847.00 7.2057 692.44 960.54 7.3394 778.49 1076.30 7.4614 P = 10 kPa (45.81 ◦ C) Sat. 50 14.67355 14.86920 2437.89 2443.87 2584.63 2592.56 P = 50 kPa (81.33 ◦ C) 8.1501 8.1749 3.24034 — 2483.85 — 2645.87 — 7.5939 — TABLO-B25 (Devam) TABLE B.6.2 (continued ) Kızgın BuharNitrogen Azot Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. (K) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 1500 kPa (110.38 K) Doymuş Sat. 0.01555 1000 58.75669 0.01899 1100120 63.37198 0.02452 1200140 67.98724 0.02937 1300160 72.60250 180 0.03393 200 0.03832 Sat. 220 1.69400 0.04260 150240 1.93636 0.04682 200260 2.17226 0.05099 250280 2.40604 0.05512 300300 2.63876 0.05922 400350 3.10263 0.06940 500400 3.56547 0.07949 600450 4.02781 0.08953 700500 4.48986 0.09953 800600 4.95174 0.11948 900700 5.41353 0.13937 1000800 5.87526 0.15923 1100900 6.33696 0.17906 1200 6.79863 1000 0.19889 1300 7.26030 Doymuş Sat. 0.00582 Sat. 140 0.60582 0.01038 150160 0.63388 0.01350 200180 0.71629 0.01614 200 0.01857 220 0.02088 240 0.02312 260 0.02531 280 0.02746 300 0.02958 350 0.03480 400 0.03993 500 0.05008 600 0.06013 700 0.07012 800 0.08008 900 0.09003 1000 0.09996 62.17 85.51 4053.01 4640.58 74.26 102.75 4257.47 4891.19 93.36 130.15 4467.91 5147.78 110.44 154.50 4683.68 5409.70 126.71 177.60 100 kPa (99.62 ◦ C) 142.56 200.03 2506.06 2675.46 158.14 222.05 2582.75 2776.38 173.57 243.80 2658.05 2875.27 188.87 265.36 2733.73 2974.33 204.10 286.78 2810.41 3074.28 219.27 308.10 2967.85 3278.11 257.03 361.13 3131.54 3488.09 294.73 413.96 3301.94 3704.72 332.53 466.82 3479.24 3928.23 370.54 519.84 3663.53 4158.71 447.71 626.92 3854.77 4396.12 526.89 735.94 4052.78 4640.31 608.39 847.22 4257.25 4890.95 692.24 960.83 4467.70 5147.56 778.32 1076.65 4683.47 5409.49 3000 kPa (123.61 K) 300 kPa (133.55 ◦ C) 46.03 63.47 2543.55 2725.30 79.98 111.13 2570.79 2760.95 101.35 141.85 2650.65 2865.54 119.68 168.09 136.78 192.49 153.24 215.88 169.30 238.66 185.10 261.02 200.72 283.09 216.21 304.94 254.57 358.96 292.70 412.50 369.06 519.29 446.57 626.95 525.99 736.35 607.67 847.92 691.65 961.73 777.85 1077.72 u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 2000 kPa (115.58 K) 4.8148 11.0392 4.9650 11.2287 5.1767 11.4090 5.3394 14.5810 5.4755 5.5937 7.3593 5.6987 7.6133 5.7933 7.8342 5.8796 8.0332 5.9590 8.2157 6.0325 8.5434 6.1960 8.8341 6.3371 9.0975 6.4616 9.3398 6.5733 9.5652 6.7685 9.7767 6.9365 9.9764 7.0851 10.1658 7.2189 10.3462 7.3409 10.5182 0.01100 11.75097 0.01260 12.67418 0.01752 13.59737 0.02144 14.52054 0.02503 0.02844 0.88573 0.03174 0.95964 0.03496 1.08034 0.03814 1.19880 0.04128 1.31616 0.04440 1.54930 0.05209 1.78139 0.05971 2.01297 0.06727 2.24426 0.07480 2.47539 0.08980 2.70643 0.10474 2.93740 0.11965 3.16834 0.13454 3.39927 0.14942 3.63018 4.5032 6.9918 4.8706 7.0778 5.0763 7.3115 5.2310 — 0.46246 0.00200 0.47084 0.00291 0.53422 0.00402 5.3596 5.4711 5.5702 5.6597 5.7414 5.8168 5.9834 6.1264 6.3647 6.5609 6.7295 6.8785 7.0125 7.1347 0.00501 0.00590 0.00672 0.00749 0.00824 0.00895 0.01067 0.01232 0.01551 0.01861 0.02167 0.02470 0.02771 0.03072 59.25 81.25 10.2964 4.7193 4052.91 4640.46 66.90 92.10 10.4858 4.8116 4257.37 4891.08 89.37 124.40 10.6662 5.0618 4467.82 5147.69 107.55 150.43 10.8382 5.2358 4683.58 5409.61 124.42 174.48 5.3775 200 kPa (120.23 ◦ C) 140.66 197.53 5.4989 2529.49 2706.63 7.1271 156.52 219.99 5.6060 2576.87 2768.80 7.2795 172.15 242.08 5.7021 2654.39 2870.46 7.5066 187.62 263.90 5.7894 2731.22 2970.98 7.7085 202.97 285.53 5.8696 2808.55 3071.79 7.8926 218.24 307.03 5.9438 2966.69 3276.55 8.2217 256.21 360.39 6.1083 3130.75 3487.03 8.5132 294.05 413.47 6.2500 3301.36 3703.96 8.7769 331.95 466.49 6.3750 3478.81 3927.66 9.0194 370.05 519.65 6.4870 3663.19 4158.27 9.2450 447.33 626.93 6.6825 3854.49 4395.77 9.4565 526.59 736.07 6.8507 4052.53 4640.01 9.6563 608.14 847.45 6.9994 4257.01 4890.68 9.8458 692.04 961.13 7.1333 4467.46 5147.32 778.16 1077.01 10.0262 7.2553 4683.23 5409.26 10.1982 10000 kPa 400 kPa (143.63 ◦ C) — — — 2553.55 2738.53 6.8958 0.84 20.87 4.0373 2564.48 2752.82 6.9299 47.44 76.52 4.4088 2646.83 2860.51 7.1706 82.44 122.65 4.6813 108.21 158.35 4.8697 129.86 188.88 5.0153 149.42 216.64 5.1362 167.77 242.72 5.2406 185.34 267.69 5.3331 202.38 291.90 5.4167 FINAL 243.57 350.26 PAGES 5.5967 283.59 406.79 5.7477 362.42 517.48 5.9948 441.47 627.58 6.1955 521.96 738.65 6.3667 604.42 851.43 6.5172 689.02 966.15 6.6523 775.68 1082.84 6.7753 TABLO-B26 TABLE B.7 Metanın Termodinamik Özelikleri Thermodynamic Properties of Methane TABLE B.7.1 Doymuş Metan Saturated Methane 3 Özgül Hacim, m3m /kg Specific Volume, /kg İç Enerji, kJ/kgkJ/kg Internal Energy, Temp. (K) Sıcaklık (K) P (kPa) vf vfg vg uf ufg ug 90.7 95 100 105 110 111.7 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 190.6 11.7 19.8 34.4 56.4 88.2 101.3 132.3 191.6 269.0 367.6 490.7 641.6 823.7 1040.5 1295.6 1592.8 1935.9 2329.3 2777.6 3286.4 3863.2 4520.5 4599.2 0.002215 0.002243 0.002278 0.002315 0.002353 0.002367 0.002395 0.002439 0.002486 0.002537 0.002592 0.002653 0.002719 0.002794 0.002877 0.002974 0.003086 0.003222 0.003393 0.003623 0.003977 0.004968 0.006148 3.97941 2.44845 1.47657 0.93780 0.62208 0.54760 0.42800 0.30367 0.22108 0.16448 0.12458 0.09575 0.07445 0.05839 0.04605 0.03638 0.02868 0.02241 0.01718 0.01266 0.00846 0.00300 0 3.98163 2.45069 1.47885 0.94012 0.62443 0.54997 0.43040 0.30610 0.22357 0.16701 0.12717 0.09841 0.07717 0.06118 0.04892 0.03936 0.03177 0.02563 0.02058 0.01629 0.01243 0.00797 0.00615 −358.10 −343.79 −326.90 −309.79 −292.50 −286.74 −275.05 −257.45 −239.66 −221.65 −203.40 −184.86 −165.97 −146.65 −126.82 −106.35 −85.06 −62.67 −38.75 −12.43 18.47 69.10 101.46 496.59 488.62 478.96 468.89 458.41 454.85 447.48 436.02 423.97 411.25 397.77 383.42 368.06 351.53 333.61 314.01 292.30 267.81 239.47 205.16 159.49 67.01 0 138.49 144.83 152.06 159.11 165.91 168.10 172.42 178.57 184.32 189.60 194.37 198.56 202.09 204.88 206.79 207.66 207.24 205.14 200.72 192.73 177.96 136.11 101.46 TABLO-B26 (Devam) TABLE B.7.1 (continued ) Doymuş Metan Saturated Methane Entropy, kJ/kg·K Entropi, kJ/kg·K Enthalpy,kJ/kg kJ/kg Entalpi, Sıcaklık (K) Temp. (K) P (kPa) hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 90.7 95 100 105 110 111.7 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 190.6 11.7 19.8 34.4 56.4 88.2 101.3 132.3 191.6 269.0 367.6 490.7 641.6 823.7 1040.5 1295.6 1592.8 1935.9 2329.3 2777.6 3286.4 3863.2 4520.5 4599.2 −358.07 −343.75 −326.83 −309.66 −292.29 −286.50 −274.74 −256.98 −238.99 −220.72 −202.13 −183.16 −163.73 −143.74 −123.09 −101.61 −79.08 −55.17 −29.33 −0.53 33.83 91.56 129.74 543.12 537.18 529.77 521.82 513.29 510.33 504.12 494.20 483.44 471.72 458.90 444.85 429.38 412.29 393.27 371.96 347.82 320.02 287.20 246.77 192.16 80.58 0 185.05 193.43 202.94 212.16 221.00 223.83 229.38 237.23 244.45 251.00 256.77 261.69 265.66 268.54 270.18 270.35 268.74 264.85 257.87 246.25 226.00 172.14 129.74 4.2264 4.3805 4.5538 4.7208 4.8817 4.9336 5.0368 5.1867 5.3321 5.4734 5.6113 5.7464 5.8794 6.0108 6.1415 6.2724 6.4046 6.5399 6.6811 6.8333 7.0095 7.3015 7.4999 5.9891 5.6545 5.2977 4.9697 4.6663 4.5706 4.3836 4.1184 3.8675 3.6286 3.3993 3.1775 2.9613 2.7486 2.5372 2.3248 2.1080 1.8824 1.6411 1.3710 1.0387 0.4241 0 10.2155 10.0350 9.8514 9.6905 9.5480 9.5042 9.4205 9.3051 9.1996 9.1020 9.0106 8.9239 8.8406 8.7594 8.6787 8.5971 8.5126 8.4224 8.3223 8.2043 8.0483 7.7256 7.4999 WB00776-appb WB00776-Borgnakke-v1 May 24, 2013 TABLO-B27 TABLE B.7.2 Kızgın buhar,Methane Metan Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. (K) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 100 kPa (111.50K) Doymuş Sat. 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 0.55665 0.63126 0.76586 0.89840 1.02994 1.16092 1.29154 1.42193 1.55215 1.68225 1.81226 1.94220 2.07209 2.20193 167.90 190.21 230.18 269.72 309.20 348.90 389.12 430.17 472.36 516.00 561.34 608.58 657.89 709.36 223.56 253.33 306.77 359.56 412.19 464.99 518.27 572.36 627.58 684.23 742.57 802.80 865.10 929.55 u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 200 kPa (120.61 K) 9.5084 9.7606 10.1504 10.4759 10.7570 11.0058 11.2303 11.4365 11.6286 11.8100 11.9829 12.1491 12.3099 12.4661 0.29422 0.30695 0.37700 0.44486 0.51165 0.57786 0.64370 0.70931 0.77475 0.84008 0.90530 0.97046 1.03557 1.10062 179.30 186.80 227.91 268.05 307.88 347.81 388.19 429.36 471.65 515.37 560.77 608.07 657.41 708.92 238.14 248.19 303.31 357.02 410.21 463.38 516.93 571.22 626.60 683.38 741.83 802.16 864.53 929.05 9.2918 9.3736 9.7759 10.1071 10.3912 10.6417 10.8674 11.0743 11.2670 11.4488 11.6220 11.7885 11.9495 12.1059 12:9 TABLO-B27 (Devam) TABLE B.7.2 (continued ) Kızgın buhar,Methane Metan Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. (K) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 400 kPa (131.42 K) Sat. Doymuş 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 0.15427 0.18233 0.21799 0.25246 0.28631 0.31978 0.35301 0.38606 0.41899 0.45183 0.48460 0.51731 0.54997 0.58260 0.61520 0.64778 0.68033 191.01 223.16 264.61 305.19 345.61 386.32 427.74 470.23 514.10 559.63 607.03 656.47 708.05 761.85 817.89 876.18 936.67 252.72 296.09 351.81 406.18 460.13 514.23 568.94 624.65 681.69 740.36 800.87 863.39 928.04 994.89 1063.97 1135.29 1208.81 0.07941 0.08434 0.10433 0.12278 0.14050 0.15781 0.17485 0.19172 0.20845 0.22510 0.24167 0.25818 0.27465 0.29109 0.30749 0.32387 0.34023 0.35657 201.70 212.53 257.30 299.62 341.10 382.53 424.47 467.36 511.55 557.33 604.95 654.57 706.31 760.24 816.40 874.79 935.38 998.14 265.23 280.00 340.76 397.85 453.50 508.78 564.35 620.73 678.31 737.41 798.28 861.12 926.03 993.11 1062.40 1133.89 1207.56 1283.45 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 600 kPa (138.72 K) 9.0754 9.3843 9.7280 10.0185 10.2726 10.5007 10.7092 10.9031 11.0857 11.2595 11.4265 11.5879 11.7446 11.8974 12.0468 12.1931 12.3366 0.10496 0.11717 0.14227 0.16603 0.18911 0.21180 0.23424 0.25650 0.27863 0.30067 0.32264 0.34456 0.36643 0.38826 0.41006 0.43184 0.45360 800 kPa (144.40 K) Sat. Doymuş 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 u (kJ/kg) 197.54 218.08 261.03 302.44 343.37 384.44 426.11 468.80 512.82 558.48 605.99 655.52 707.18 761.05 817.15 875.48 936.03 260.51 288.38 346.39 402.06 456.84 511.52 566.66 622.69 680.00 738.88 799.57 862.25 927.04 994.00 1063.18 1134.59 1208.18 8.9458 9.1390 9.4970 9.7944 10.0525 10.2830 10.4931 10.6882 10.8716 11.0461 11.2136 11.3754 11.5324 11.6855 11.8351 11.9816 12.1252 1000 kPa (149.13 K) 8.8505 8.9509 9.3260 9.6310 9.8932 10.1262 10.3381 10.5343 10.7186 10.8938 11.0617 11.2239 11.3813 11.5346 11.6845 11.8311 11.9749 12.1161 0.06367 0.06434 0.08149 0.09681 0.11132 0.12541 0.13922 0.15285 0.16635 0.17976 0.19309 0.20636 0.21959 0.23279 0.24595 0.25909 0.27221 0.28531 204.45 206.28 253.38 296.73 338.79 380.61 422.82 465.91 510.26 556.18 603.91 653.62 705.44 759.44 815.66 874.10 934.73 997.53 268.12 270.62 334.87 393.53 450.11 506.01 562.04 618.76 676.61 735.94 797.00 859.98 925.03 992.23 1061.61 1133.19 1206.95 1282.84 8.7735 8.7902 9.1871 9.5006 9.7672 10.0028 10.2164 10.4138 10.5990 10.7748 10.9433 11.1059 11.2636 11.4172 11.5672 11.7141 11.8580 11.9992 TABLO-B27 (Devam) TABLE B.7.2 (continued ) Kızgın buhar,Methane Metan Superheated Sıcaklık Temp. (K) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) v (m3 /kg) 1500 kPa (158.52 K) Doymuş Sat. 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 0.04196 0.05078 0.06209 0.07239 0.08220 0.09171 0.10103 0.11022 0.11931 0.12832 0.13728 0.14619 0.15506 0.16391 0.17273 0.18152 0.19031 207.53 242.64 289.13 332.85 375.70 418.65 462.27 507.04 553.30 601.30 651.24 703.26 757.43 813.80 872.37 933.12 996.02 270.47 318.81 382.26 441.44 499.00 556.21 613.82 672.37 732.26 793.78 857.16 922.54 990.02 1059.66 1131.46 1205.41 1281.48 0.01160 0.01763 0.02347 0.02814 0.03235 0.03631 0.04011 0.04381 0.04742 0.05097 0.05448 0.05795 0.06139 0.06481 0.06820 0.07158 0.07495 172.96 237.70 298.52 349.08 396.67 443.48 490.62 538.70 588.18 639.34 692.38 747.43 804.55 863.78 925.11 988.53 1053.98 219.34 308.23 392.39 461.63 526.07 588.73 651.07 713.93 777.86 843.24 910.31 979.23 1050.12 1123.01 1197.93 1274.86 1353.77 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg·K) 2000 kPa (165.86 K) 8.6215 8.9121 9.2514 9.5303 9.7730 9.9911 10.1916 10.3790 10.5565 10.7263 10.8899 11.0484 11.2027 11.3532 11.5005 11.6448 11.7864 0.03062 0.03504 0.04463 0.05289 0.06059 0.06796 0.07513 0.08216 0.08909 0.09594 0.10274 0.10949 0.11620 0.12289 0.12955 0.13619 0.14281 4000 kPa (186.10 K) Sat. Doymuş 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 u (kJ/kg) 207.01 229.90 280.91 326.64 370.67 414.40 458.59 503.80 550.40 598.69 648.87 701.08 755.43 811.94 870.64 931.51 994.51 268.25 299.97 370.17 432.43 491.84 550.31 608.85 668.12 728.58 790.57 854.34 920.06 987.84 1057.72 1129.74 1203.88 1280.13 8.4975 8.6839 9.0596 9.3532 9.6036 9.8266 10.0303 10.2200 10.3992 10.5703 10.7349 10.8942 11.0491 11.2003 11.3480 11.4927 11.6346 8000 kPa 8.0035 8.4675 8.8653 9.1574 9.4031 9.6212 9.8208 10.0071 10.1835 10.3523 10.5149 10.6725 10.8258 10.9753 11.1215 11.2646 11.4049 — 0.00412 0.00846 0.01198 0.01469 0.01705 0.01924 0.02130 0.02328 0.02520 0.02707 0.02891 0.03072 0.03251 0.03428 0.03603 0.03776 — 55.58 217.30 298.05 357.88 411.71 463.52 515.02 567.12 620.38 675.14 731.63 789.99 850.28 912.54 976.77 1042.96 — 88.54 284.98 393.92 475.39 548.15 617.40 685.39 753.34 821.95 891.71 962.92 1035.75 1110.34 1186.74 1264.99 1345.07 — 7.2069 8.1344 8.5954 8.9064 9.1598 9.3815 9.5831 9.7706 9.9477 10.1169 10.2796 10.4372 10.5902 10.7393 10.8849 11.0272 Şekil B.1 Psikrometrik Diyagram tp DC: o,E İı(,ı Ğnı rIa r l{ı X EF Hf wfr' Hn -s S. o,*< o 9ı. = o- o = O 3 o t* ,6 x (gulkgJ UJ Şekil B.1 Psikrometrik Diyagram tp DC: o,E İı(,ı Ğnı rIar l{ı X EF Hf wfr' Hn -s S. o,*< o 9ı. = o- o = O 3 o t* ,6 x (gulkgJ UJ Kaynaklar: -Çengel YA, Boles MA, Kanoğlu M, Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach, Ninth Edition, McGrawHill, 2019. http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0073398179/1042936/Appendix1 _SIunits.pdf -Borgnakke C, Sonntag RE, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, 8th Edition, SI Version, Wiley, 2014. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9780470970751.app2 Not: Termodinamik derslerine ait DERS KİTAPLARI yukarıda verildiği gibidir. Bu kitapların İngilizce veya Türkçe orijinal baskılarını ders çalışmak için kullanabilirsiniz.

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