1 The diagrams show a test-tube containing pond water. The green colour is caused by microorganisms that have chloroplasts. oxygen bubble pale green pond water dark green area light off light on Which characteristics of living organisms are shown? 2 A excretion, growth and movement B movement, nutrition and sensitivity C nutrition, reproduction and respiration D reproduction, sensitivity and growth The key shows some features of living organisms that can be used to place them into one of three different kingdoms. living organism nucleus present no nucleus kingdom Z no cell wall cell wall present cell wall made of cellulose yes no kingdom X kingdom Y Which row correctly identifies these three kingdoms? X Y Z A fungi plant prokaryote B fungi plant protoctist C plant fungi prokaryote D plant fungi protoctist 3 The diagram shows a mitochondrion. The scale bar shows the actual size of the mitochondrion. 1 μm The diagram is 70 mm long. What is the magnification of the diagram? 0.0007 A 4 B 70 C 7000 D 70 000 Two types of cell, one animal and one plant, were examined using a light microscope. Which row shows the correct combination of structures that would be observed in the cells? cell structure observed animal cell plant cell A chloroplast membrane vacuole cytoplasm B cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast membrane C membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus D nucleus chloroplast cell wall membrane [Turn over 5 The diagram shows a cross-section through a leaf. Which arrow shows the direction of diffusion of carbon dioxide on a sunny day? A B D C 6 The diagram shows a plant cell after it has been submerged in a solution, P, for 20 minutes. Which row describes the water potential of solution P at the start of the experiment and the condition of the cell after 20 minutes? water potential of solution P at the start of the experiment condition of the cell after 20 minutes A higher than the inside of the cell plasmolysed and turgid B higher than the inside of the cell under high turgor pressure C lower than the inside of the cell plasmolysed and flaccid D the same as the inside of the cell under low turgor pressure 7 8 9 Which row is correct for a positive food test for vitamin C? colour of the food test reagent at the start heat required final colour of the food test reagent A colourless yes purple B blue no colourless C colourless no blue D blue yes orange In which molecule are cross-links formed between bases? A carbohydrate B DNA C fat D glycogen What controls the speed of chemical reactions in all living cells? A enzymes B hormones C ions D vitamins 10 Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they are most active. Which row explains why enzyme activity decreases if the temperature is not optimum? below optimum temperature above optimum temperature A enzymes denature enzymes denature B enzymes denature enzymes have less kinetic energy C enzymes have less kinetic energy enzymes denature D enzymes have less kinetic energy enzymes have less kinetic energy [Turn over 11 A piece of foil was placed over one green and white leaf on a plant. white green foil The plant was placed under a bright light for 24 hours and then tested for starch with iodine solution. Which diagram shows the areas of the leaf that would stain blue-black with iodine solution? A B C 12 The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. rate of photosynthesis X light intensity Which environmental factor is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at X on the graph? A carbon dioxide concentration B light intensity C oxygen concentration D temperature D 13 Which condition can be caused by a lack of fibre in the diet? A constipation B obesity C scurvy D starvation 14 In which test-tube will the breakdown of fat be fastest? A B C D milk, lipase and bile milk and lipase milk and bile milk, boiled lipase and bile 15 The diagrams show stages in the passage of water through a plant. Which arrow shows water moving in the form of water vapour? A B C D [Turn over 16 The diagram shows some potato tubers. New shoots are beginning to grow. Sucrose is being translocated from source to sink. shoot tuber soil Which statement is correct? A The tuber is a sink. B The soil is a sink. C The shoots are sources. D The shoots are sinks. 17 The diagram shows a section through the heart. P R What is the function of the structure labelled Q? A It controls the amount of blood leaving the heart. B It increases the pressure in part R. C It prevents backflow of blood into part P. D It prevents blood flowing into the vena cava. Q 1 Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the human heart. The diagram shows the phase during the heart beat when the atria contract. The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart are labelled A to F. C D B E left atrium 1 right atrium F A 2 3 Fig. 1.1 (a) (i) Draw one arrow on Fig. 1.1 to show the pathway taken by blood from a vein into the right ventricle. [1] (ii) Identify the letter of the blood vessel that carries blood at the highest pressure and state its name. letter ............... name of the blood vessel .................................................................................................. [1] (b) (i) Suggest what causes the valves at 1 and 2 to close during a heart beat. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) State the function of valves 1 and 2 in the heart. .......................................................................................................................................[1] (c) Fig. 1.1 shows the phase of the heartbeat when the ventricles are filling with blood. Using Fig. 1.1, describe and explain how the blood travels from the right ventricle to the lungs. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[3] (d) State the name of the part of the heart labelled 3 and state its role in the mammalian circulation. name ......................................................................................................................................... role ............................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 9] [Turn over 1 Catalase is an enzyme found in many plants. It speeds up the break down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, as shown in Fig. 1.1. hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen Fig. 1.1 The oxygen produced during the reaction forms a foam on the surface of the liquid. The height of the foam can be used as an indication of the activity of catalase. (a) A student investigated the activity of catalase in three different types of plant tissue: seeds, roots and fruits. The student used this method: Step 1 Put one seed into a test‑tube labelled S1. Step 2 Cut a small piece of root and place it into a test‑tube labelled R1. Step 3 Cut a small piece of fruit and place it into a test‑tube labelled F1. Step 4 Put 5 cm3 of 6% hydrogen peroxide solution into each test‑tube. Leave for three minutes. Step 5 After three minutes, use a ruler to measure the height of the foam produced in each test‑tube. The student’s results from step 5 are shown in Fig. 1.2. results S1 = 40 mm of foam R1 = 14 mm of foam F1 = 4 mm of foam Fig. 1.2 Step 6 Repeat step 1 to step 5 with fresh plant tissues and fresh hydrogen peroxide solution to get a second set of results. Fig. 1.3 shows the second set of test‑tubes from step 6 after three minutes. S2 R2 F2 foam height of foam seed root fruit Fig. 1.3 (i) Prepare a table to record the two sets of results and the average height of the foam for each tissue. Measure the heights of the foams in the three test‑tubes in Fig. 1.3. Calculate the average height of the foam for each tissue. Include in your table: the student’s results from Fig. 1.2 • • the heights of the foams you have measured from Fig. 1.3 • the average heights you have calculated. [5] [Turn over (ii) State a conclusion for these results. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (iii) Identify one potential source of error in this investigation. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (iv) The student collected two sets of results for each plant tissue. Explain why it would have been better to have collected three sets of results. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (v) State two variables that should have been kept constant during this investigation. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (vi) State the variable that was measured (the dependent variable) in this investigation. ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (vii) Identify one safety risk when carrying out this investigation and describe how the risk could be reduced. risk ..................................................................................................................................... method of reducing risk ..................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) A student wanted to calculate the rate of gas production but could not do this using the height of the foam. Describe how the student could change the method to collect the data they needed and state how they would calculate the rate of gas production. change to method ..................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... how the rate would be calculated ............................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... [2] (c) (i) The student added iodine solution to samples of the three types of plant tissue. The student observed the colour of the iodine solution on the plant tissue after a few minutes. Their observations are shown in the table. Complete the table by writing a conclusion for each observation. plant tissue observation seed blue‑black root blue‑black fruit yellow‑brown conclusion [2] (ii) State the name of the reagent that would be used to test a seed for protein. ..................................................................................................................................... [1] [Turn over (d) A student stated that: ‘Different types of plant tissue will lose different amounts of water by osmosis when immersed in a salt solution.’ Plan an investigation to find out if the student was correct. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [6] [Total: 24]
