BEDD107CCT Curriculum Development 1 C 10- ISBN: 978-93-80322-16-2 Second Edition: July, 2019 2019 1000 Curriculam Development Edited by: Dr. Mohd. Afroz Alam Assistant Professor, Department of Education & Training On behalf of the Registrar, Published by: Directorate of Distance Education In collaboration with: Directorate of Translation and Publications Maulana Azad National Urdu University Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500032 (TS) E-mail: directordtp@manuu.edu.in 2 500032- Phone No.: 1800-425-2958, website: www.manuu.ac.in 3 5 6 7 9 1: 2: 3: 4: 28 48 67 4 5 1998 2018 17 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) 7 8 1 Curriculum Development: Basics 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.5.6 1.5.7 1.5.8 1.5.9 1.5.10 9 1.5 1.5.11 1.6 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.1 10 1.2 Need of Curriculum Development 1.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 1 ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 1.4 Formal Education) (Informal Education) (Definitions of Curriculum Development) 1973 CV. GOOD 1.4.1 (Smith and Stanley) 12 1.4.2 1 2 3 (Tanner and Tanner) 1952(Mudaliar Commission) 4 5 6 (Concept of Curriculum Development) (A Curere Curriculum 1.4.3 Race) 13 (7) 1.4.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1.4.5 (3) 1 2 3 4 14 2 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.5 (Principle of Child Centerdness) 15 1 (Principle of Community Centerdness) (Principle of Activity) 2 3 (Principle of vereity) 4 (Principle of Coordination and Integration) 5 (Principle of Conservation) 6 (Principle of Creativity) 7 (Principle of Forward looking) 8 (Principle of Flexibility) 9 (Principle of Balance) 10 (Principle of Utility) 11 (Principle of Child Centerdness) 1.5.1 (Principle of Community Centerdness) 1.5.2 (Principle of Activity) 1.5.3 16 (Principle of vereity) 1.5.4 (Principle of Coordination and Integration) 1.5.5 (Principle of Conservation) 1.5.6 (Principle of Creativity) 1.5.7 (Principle of Forward looking) 1.5.8 (Principle of Flexibility) 1.5.9 17 (Principle of Balance) 1.5.10 (Principle of Utility) 1.5.11 (Challenges and Enjoyment) (Breadth) (Progression) (Depth) 18 (Personalization and Choice) (Coherence) (Relvent) 3 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 1.6 (SK Murti) 19 600 600 1000 1858 1835 1944 1937 1929 1882 1854 1937 1948 1947 1952 (10+2+3) 1964-66 20 1986 1992 1990 2005 2000 1988 1975 2014 2009 4 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 1.7 Sociological Bases of Curriculum Development 1.7.1 21 Psychological Bases of Curriculum Development 1.7.2 (Behaviourist Approach) .1 (Pavlav) (Thorndike) (Gagne) (Watson)(BF Skinner) (Cognitive Approach .2 (Gardener) (Guilford) (Bruner) (Jean Piaget) 22 (Carl Rojers) (Maslow) (Gestalt) (Humanism) .3 Philosophical Bases of Curriculum Development 1.7.3 (Jhon Dewey) ( Idealism) (a) 23 (Realism) (b) (Aristotle) (c) (Pragmatism) (Existentialism) (d) (Constructivism) (e) 24 (Historical Bases of Curriculum Development) 1.7.4 5 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 1.8 (SK Murti) Glossory 1.9 Progression (Carl (Maslow) (Gestalt) Humanism Rojers) (Existentialism) 25 Philosophical Bases Coherence 1.10 1 2 3 1.11 d c b a (b) (d) (a) (c) (b) (a) (d) (c) (b) (d) (a) (b) (a) (d) (c) 26 2 3 (c) (b) 1 (a) 4 5 (d) (c) 100 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) 250 (2) 1.12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11 Jayswal, Sita Ram. (1965). the study of History, Nehru, Nehru on society, education and culture. Education and national Development, Report of the education commission, 1964-66, Vol.2, School Education, NCERT 1970, First Edition 1966. Report of the secondary education commission, Mudaliar commission report, October 1952 to June 1953,Ministry of Education, Government of India. Thapar, Romila, Sep.5, 2005. National curriculum framework and social sciences, The Hindu. Panikkar, K.N, History textbooks in India: Narratives of religious nationalism. Education and National Development, Report of the education commission, 1964-66, Vol.2, School Education, NCERT, 1970, First Edition 1966. National curriculum Framework for school education, November 2000. Bhattacharya, Neeladri, Spring 2009, Teaching history in schools: The politics of textbooks in India, History Workshop Journal, issue 67. Kumar, Krishna. (2001) Prejudice and Pride, new Delhi. National curriculum framework 2005. NCERT (2005), National Curriculum Framework -2005, English Edition, NCERT, New Delhi. 2008 2005- 13 12. Ministry of HRD (1993), Learning without Burden, Report of the Advisory Committee appointed by the MHRD, Department of Education, New Delhi. 27 2 Concept of Curriculum (Part 1) 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.1 (Curriculum) Curriculum fram work) (images) (Syllabus) (Hidden curriculum) (core-curriculum) (Null-curriculum) 2.2 28 (Curriculum Frame Work) 2.3 (Design) (Engineer) (Material) (curriculum frame work) 29 (content) (content) (document) (curriculum frame work) (Class (syllabus) (Teaching (Text book) room practise) learning material) (content) (practices) (Foundational assumption) (nature) 30 .1 .2 .3 .4 (Curriculum Framework) 31 (foundation) (Core curriculum) (content) (Pluralistic) (syllabus) (content) (concepts) (curriculum) (objectives) (course content) (Evaluation) 32 (Role) (Refrence material) (Assignments) 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2.4 .1 (content) (organise) (Teaching learning material) TLM (aims of education) .2 (conceptual frame work) .3 33 .4 (TLM) (inter actions) (fundamental assumptions) (memorise) (periods) (TLM) (repeatation) (tool) 34 2 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2.5 1 2 1 (content) (process) 2 1 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) 35 (ii) (iii) (iv) .2 (Technological society) (i) (ii) (iii) 36 (iv) (v) (i) (ii) (a (b (c (d 37 (e (f (i (ii (iii (iv (v 3 Thorandyke (Classical conditional theory) (Skinner) (Micro Teaching) 38 (i (ii (iii (iv (v (Maslow) (i) (Maslow) (ii) (iii) 39 (iv) (Maslow) (v) (Maslow) (i (ii (iii (Maslow) (1) 24 (i) (ii) (iii) 40 (2) (3) (4) (5) (Realism and Curriculum) 3-R Grammer (Idealism and Curriculum) 3-R 41 (spelling) (Pragmatism and Curriculum) (John Dewy) (John Dewy) (John Dewy) (i) (ii) (iii) Courses Museum, Library, Art Gallery (Constructivism and curriculum) 42 (i) (ii) (iii) (course) (iv) (v) Paulo Friero 43 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 3 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2.6 (TLM) (content) (foundational assumptions) (foundational assumption) (core curriculum) (curriculum details) (syllabus) (text book) 44 (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (4) Glossary 2.7 : Curriculum : Curriculum Framework : Syllabus : Class Room Practice : Teaching Learning Material : Foundational Assumption : Core Curriculum : Pluralistic : Concepts : Objectives : Reference Material : Conceptual Framework : Constructivism : Creative Sprit 2.8 .1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2.9 (curriculum frame work) 45 1 (syllabus) (Text book) 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 4 4 4 1 2 3 2 1 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 1 1 1 5 6 2 1 2 1 2005 4 POA 1992 3 4 2 NPE 1986 2 NPE 2016 1 3 3 46 8 2 1 2 2 9 1 3 7 1 1 0 2.10 Aggrawal, J.C., & Gupta, S. (2005). Curriculum Development. New Delhi: Shipra Publisher. Alaxander, W.M., & Saylor, J.G. (1966). Curriculum Planning for modern schools. New York: Hol Rinhart and Winston Inc. Balrara, M. (1999). Principles of Curriculum Development. New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers. Candra, A. (1977). Curriculum Development and Evaluation in education. New Delhi: Sterlin Publisher Darji, D.R., & Lulla, B.P. (1967). Curriculum Development in secondary schools of Baroda. Baroda Sadhana Press. Erickson, H.L. (2007) concept based Curriculum and instruction for the thinking classroom California corwin press Hassrin, M.(2004). Curriculum Planning for elementary education. New Delhi: Anmol Publishers Herbert, J.W. & Geneva, D.H. (1990). International Encyclopedia of Education Evaluation. New York: Pergamon Press Oxford House. Jenkins, D., & Shifrnan, D.M. (1976). Curriculum and introducton. London: Pitman Publisher House. Jhompson, K., and White, J.C. (1975). Curriculum Development. London: Pitman Publisher House. Khan M.I. and Nigam, B.K. (2007). Curriculum reform change and continuity. New Delhi; Kanishka Publication Kumari, S., and Srivastava, D.S. (2005). Curriculum and Instruction. New Delhi: Shipra Publishers Macdonald, B., & Walker, R.(1976). Changing the Curriculum. Britain: Pitman Press. Musgrave, P.W.(1974). Contemporary studies in the Curriculum. Australia: Angus and Roberston Publishers. Nigam, B.K., & Khan, I.M. (1993). Evaluation and research in Curriculum Construction. New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers. Ornsttein, A.C. & Hunkins, F.P. (1988). Curriculum foundations, Principles and issues New Jersey prentice hall Panday, M. (2007). Principles of Curriculum Development. New Delhi; Rajat Publications Rajput, J.S. (2004). Encyclopedia of Indian Education. New Delhi: NCERT Satyanarayan, P.V. (2004). Curriculum development and management. New Delhi: DPH Sharma, R. (2002). Modern methods of Curriculum Organisation. Jaipur: Book Enclave. Sharma, S.R. (1999). Issues in Curriculum Administration. New Delhi: Pearl Publishing House Sockett, H. (1976). Designing the Curriculum. Britain: Pitman Press. Srivastava, H.S. (2006). Curriculum and methods of teaching. New Delhi: Shipra Publishers Tata, H. (1962). Curriculum development theory & practice. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World Inc. Yadav, Y.P. (2006). Fundamentals of Curriculum design. New Delhi: Shri Sai Printographers 47 3 Concept of Curriculum (Part 2) Stucture Introduction 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Types of Curriculum 3.3 Core Curriculum 3.3.1 Hidden Curriculum 3.3.2 Null Curriculum 3.3.3 Curriculum Reforms in India 3.4 3.4.1 National Curriculum Frameworks 3.4.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Introduction 3.1 48 Objectives 3.2 Types of Curriculum 3.3 iii ii i Core Curriculum 3.3.1 Core Integration Alberty Hilda Taba Problem Solving Method 49 3.3.1.1 1 2 3 4 5 a b c 3.3.1.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 3.3.1.3 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 50 5 10 3.3.1.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hidden Curriculum 3.3.2 3.3.2.1 Hafferty 1998 Bieber 1994 Moral Education Emile Durkheim 1961 What is learned in classroom? Robert Dreeben 1967 Education and power Michael Apple 1982 Compromises 51 3.3.2.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 3.3.2.3 3.3.2.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 Null Curriculum 3.3.3 Elliot Eisner 1979 Eisner 52 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3.4 Secondary Education Commission, 1952-53 Education Commission, 1964-66 1976 1968 The Curriculum for 1975 NCERT NPE-1968 NCERT 1975 the ten-year school: A Framework NCERT 1986 Concurrent List 1976 NPE-1986 53 NCERT NCERT 1975 1984 Ten year school curriculum 1977 National 1988 NCERT Elementary and Secondary Education - A Framework, 1988Curriculum for Learning without burden, 1993 1993 3.4.1 Home Work 4030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 National Curriculum Frameworks 3.4.2 1986 2000 National Curriculum Framework for School Education 54 (NCFSE), 2000 National Curriculum Framework (NCF), 2005 35 2005 NCERT 2005 2005 3.4.2.1 2005 2005 1 2 3 4 5 3.4.2.2 2005 Perspective Learning and Knowledge Curricular Areas, School stages and Assessment School and Classroom Environment Systemic Reforms 2005 55 1 2 3 4 5 6 Holistic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Language Education 1 Mathematics Education 2 Science Education 3 Social Science Education 4 Art Education 5 Health and Physical Education 6 Work and Education 7 Education for Peace 8 56 Habitat and Learning 9 Assessment and Evaluation 10 1 2 3 57 4 Civics 5 6 58 7 8 59 9 10 2005 60 a b c d 61 a b a b c d 2 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3 _________________________________________________________________________________ 62 _________________________________________________________________________________ 3.5 Elliot Eisner 1 2 3 4 5 6 1952-53 7 1964-66 8 1976 Cancurrent List 1976 1968 The Curriculum for the Ten-year 1975 NCERT school: A Framework 1986 9 10 11 12 13 NCERT NPE-1986 14 National Curriculum for Elementary NCERT 15 Learning without Burden 1993 16 and Secondary Education: A Framework, 1988 National Curriculum 2000 NCERT 17 NCF-2005 2005 NCERT 18 Framework for School Education (NCFSE), 2000 Glossary 3.6 Concept of Curriculum 63 1 Core Curriculum Hidden Curriculum Null Curriculum Curriculum Reforms in India 2 3 4 5 National Curriculum Framework 6 1993 Learning without Burden 7 Education for Peace 8 9 Systemic Refroms Art Education 10 3.7 NCF - 2005 NCERT 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3.8 d c b a 5x1= 5 Marks 64 1 a b c d a 2 b c d 3 Elliot Eisner a John Dewey b Robert Dreeben c Hafferty d 1993 4 Systemic Reforms a Learning without Burden b Learning Experience c Curriculum Reforms d NCF-2005 5 UGC a NCTE b CBSE c NCERT d 100 5x4= 20 Marks 4 65 1 2 1993 NCF-2005 NCF-2005 3 4 5 6 7 8 250 1x10= 10 Marks 10 NCF-2005 1 2 3.9 Aggarwal, J. C. (1990), Curriculum Reforms in India, Delhi, Doaba House. Eisner, E. W. (1979), The Educational Imagination, New York, Millan. John, Dewey (1996), The Child and the Curriculum: the School and Society, Phoenix, USA. Murunalini, T. (2007), Curriculum Development, Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad. Ministry of Education (1966), Education and National Development, Report of the Education Commission 1964-66. Reprinted in 1971 by NCERT, New Delhi. Ministry of HRD (1993), Learning without Burden, Report of the Advisory Committee appointed by the MHRD, Department of Education, New Delhi. NCERT (1975), The Curriculum for the Ten-year School: A Framework, NCERT, New Delhi. NCERT (1988), National Curriculum for Elementary and Secondary Education: A Framework, NCERT, New Delhi. NCERT (2000), National Curriculum Framework for School Education, NCERT, New Delhi. NCERT (2005), National Curriculum Framework -2005, English Edition, NCERT, New Delhi. 2008 2005- 2003 2007 66 4 Curriculum Evaluation Structure Introduction 4.1 Objectives 4.2 (Need and Importance of Curriculum Evaluation) 4.3 Criteria for Evaluating the Curriculum 4.4 4.5 (Stage Specific Curriculum: Pre-Primary, Primary, Secondary, Higher Secondary) Formative and Summative Curriculum 4.6 Curriculum Evaluation Models 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 Introduction 4.1 (5) (2) 67 3 (4) 2005 objectives 4.2 4.3 Need of Curriculum Evaluation 68 .1 .2 .3 69 .4 .5 .6 .7 Importance of Curriculum Evaluation .1 .2 70 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Criteria for Evaluating the Curriculum 4.4 Efficiency .1 71 Validity .2 Reliability .3 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4.5 (Stage Specific Curriculum: Pre-Primary, Primary, Secondary, Higher Secondary) 1-6' 6 Objectivity .1 72 .2 Importance .3 Relevency .4 Scope .5 Early Primary Stage B A 3 Class 1 & 2 A Art, Healthy and Productive Living .1 .2 .3 Class 3 & 4 B .1 .2 .3 Environment & Value Education - EVS .4 Upper Primary Stage 3 .1 .2 73 .2 .3 .4 .5 Secondary Stage Application Concept Higher Secondary Stage Foundation Course Elective Course .1 .2 .1 Humanities .3 Commerce .2 Science .1 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 74 Formative and Summative Evaluation in Curriculum 4.6 Formative Evaluation Formative Evaluation 1 2 Mastery Level Summative Evaluation 75 Consumer Madaus Hastongs Bloom Formative Assessment Evaluation Judgement Activity 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Curriculum Evaluation Model 4.7 Select 1949 Tyler's Model CIPP Model or Stufflebeams Stake Model 1969 Kaufman Roger's Model 1973 Michael Seriven's Goal free Model 1973 Hilda Taba Model .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 Tyler's Objective Model of Evaluation 1949 .1 R. Tyler (1949) Bloom 76 Tyler .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 Stufflebean's CIPP Model Context, (C), Input (I), .2 CIPP Stufflebean Product Process (P), Product (P) CIPP .1 .2 .3 .4 Stake Model 1969 .3 Robert R.E. Stake Antecedents .1 Transactions .2 Outcomes .3 Transactions 77 Outcomes Stake Countenance Kaufman Roger's Model 1973 .4 Kaufman's Five Level of Evaluation Resource & Process 1 2 Application of Acquired Skills Michael Seriven's Goal Free Model Michael (1973) 3 (4) Hilda Taba Model .6 Taba 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ 78 _________________________________________________________________________________ 4.8 Efficiency .1 Validity .2 Reliability .3 4.9 .1 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4.10 79 .1 .2 .3 .4 .1 .2 .3 .4 4.11 1. 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