Unit 9 – Industrial Development 1 What is industry? ‘A place where the raw material is transformed into products or goods’ We need industries to fulfill the needs of the growing population and for the economic growth of a country. Types of Industry Primary Industry Secondary Industry Tertiary Industry 2 Lets watch a small video to understand the industries in a better way! 3 Video to be added 4 Primary Industry Collects raw material from nature, e.g.Agriculture, fishing, mining, etc. Secondary Industry Raw materials are gathered from primary industry and then processed into finished products. › Processing: Raw material are processed, e.g.-Sugarcane is turned to sugarcane juice › Manufacturing: Raw material to another product, e.g. -Sugarcane juice to sugar › Value addition: It increases the price of products, e.g.- Sugar to cubes 5 Tertiary Industry Provides service to the community, e.g.-Tourism, banking, hospitals Refer to Fig. 9.5 on Pg.156 6 Let’s revise… 7 8 Advantages of Industries Fulfill the demands of growing population Generates employment Increases GDP Increases trade It helps countries to build better relations with other countries Provides large-scale products for bigger or growing markets 9 Disadvantages of Industries Increases pollution Deforestation Machines replace humans / Unemployment Requires skilled labor to run the machines Requires high investment Requires particular area away from urban areas 10 Factors affecting industrial location Physical › Natural routes › Site requirement Human › Access to market › Raw material › Capital › Government policies › Skilled labor › Power supply › Industrial linkage 11 Major Industries in Pakistan ‘A secondary manufacturing industry is one that uses heavy machineries to produce a large number of products’ Main features Need heavy investment Heavy machines Large number of employees Efficient working Producing large number of products Major industries of Pakistan are iron & steel industry, cotton & textile industry, fertilizer industry, cement industry and sugar industry 12 Cotton and Textile Industry Raw Material Cotton boll Process 1. Cultivation 2. Extraction 3. Spinning of yarn 4. Weaving to make cloth 5. Folding of cloth 13 Lets watch a small video to understand the Process of cotton textile industry! 14 15 Final Products Cotton seed oil Textile products, e.g.: bath towels, socks, fishing nets Waste Material Cotton seed Stem Leaf Lint 16 Location Karachi Hyderabad Faisalabad Peshawar Gujrat Sargodha Rawalpindi Multan Khairpur Chiniot 17 Importance Produces textile products Used in crochet and knitting Used for making fishing nets, tents, cotton seed oil Large and most important sector Contributes almost 60% to the total export Provides many employment opportunities Contributes 7% to GDP Cotton-textile products earn more foreign exchange since they are value-added products Both skilled and unskilled labor can work in cotton-textile factories It meets the domestic demand of cotton products 18 Problems Corruption Mismanagement Inconsistent government policies Lack of investment Security threats Shortage of raw materials (leaf curl virus, drought) Recession in international markets Strong global competition (India, Singapore, Egypt) Lack of finance for modernization 19 Government policy Government has introduced various incentives to enhance the supply of raw cotton and the competitiveness of the textile industry The government has supported the industry through the Economic Review Programme 1997 and radical reforms in the tax regime Suggestions Government should put in more effort to improve the cotton industry They should introduce modern techniques Tighten the security of the country to ensure steady development of industries 20 Sugar Industry Raw Material Sugarcane Beetroot Process 1. Sugarcane stalks are planted in May-April and harvested by manual labor (women and children) 2. The stalks are then transported to sugar mills 3. Scrubbing of chalk to remove dirt 4. The juice is extracted by heavy rollers 5. The juice is then processed for white sugar. By-products are molasses and bagasse 21 Lets watch a small video to understand the Process of sugar industry! 22 23 Final Product White Sugar Waste Material Molasses and Bagasse Location Sindh (Nawabshah, Thatta, Badin) Punjab (Khanpur, Faisalbad, Sargodha) KPK (Peshawar, Mardan) Importance Good food additive By-products are very useful 24 Problems Corruption Mismanagement Inconsistent government policies Lack of investment Security threats High price issue More demand Natural disaster Lack of interest Lack of land Lack of resources 25 Suggestions HYV’s should be used Government should make sure mills use their maximum capacity Improvement in irrigation system Provide resources and loans to farmers Introduce modern techniques Tighten the security of the country to ensure steady development of industries 26 Iron & Steel Industry Raw material Iron ore Anthracite coal/coke (made from lignite coal) Process 1. Coal is heated forming coke in coke ovens and produces methane 2. Iron oxide pellets are heated with methane forming reduced iron 3. Iron is combined with steel scrape 4. Oxygen is directed to the top of this pile causing mixture 27 to heat and form refined steel Lets watch a small video to understand the Process of iron and steel industry! 28 29 Final Products Steel Rolled and cast billets Galvanised products and raw steel Iron hot metal Waste Material Steel scrape Slag Location Pipri in Karachi Taxila 30 Importance Encourage the economic development Used in the construction of bridges, buildings, dams and defence protection Increase GDP and improves BOP Provides employment opportunities Reduces burden on foreign exchange resources Problems Inconsistent government policies Lack of investment Old plants and machinery Limited capacity to fulfil demands 31 Lack of infrastructure Lack of skilled labor Power shortage Government Policy The former USSR provided technical and financial assistance. Suggestions Advanced technology to make cheaper steel Government should introduce modern techniques Use the 3 R’s 32 Fertilizer Industry Raw Material Sulphur Phosphate Gypsum Natural Gas Process 1. Several solid chemical compounds granulated on a rotating drum that has and inclined axis 2. Drum rotates and pieces of solid fertilizer take on small spherical shapes 33 3. Those are then passed via a screen which separates out the adequately sized particles 4. A coating of inert dust is applied to the particles to keep them from sticking to each other. It also inhibits moisture retention 5. The particles are dried and then mixed together according to the manufacturer’s recipe producing a composite fertilizer 6. The finished fertilizer is loaded into a hopper which releases a designated amount into large bags 7. The bags are then sealed 34 35 Final Product Fertilizer Waste Material Nitrogen Location Faisalabad Daud Khel Dharki Haripur Multan Sukkur 36 Importance Fertilizer increases fertility of the soil Produces better crop yield – more production so better economy Problems Corruption Mismanagement Inconsistent government policies Lack of investment Tamper Ph Cause excess growth of algae 37 Government Policy Government has introduced the use of artificial fertilizer for better crop yield Suggestions Introduce modern techniques Tighten security of the country to ensure steady development of industries Government should encourage the use of animal manure 38 Fertilizer Map Sugar Map State the main locations of the listed industries [Sugar & Fertilizer] and describe them from the map. (map is given on next slide) Also, Identify and explain the factors that influence their location and development including: capital, site, sources of raw materials, power, water, labour, communications and other means which can be determined through group discussion. NOTE: Students will be divided into groups according to MTSS level [0-2] & [3-5]. Level [3-5] groups will work on fertilizer industry and Level [0-2] groups will work on cotton industry. Students can do it on loose leaf. 39 Class Assessment [Past Paper Practice] Q: Study the given figure, which shows the location of fertilizer Industry in Pakistan. Describe the distribution of fertilizer industry in Pakistan in terms of province. Refer to Fig. 9.15 on pg:159 of the textbook, Do map work on booklet page 36 40 Cement Industry Raw Material Limestone (Calcium carbonate) Silicon dioxide (Sand and clay) Gypsum Bauxite Process 1. Powdered clay and powdered limestone are mixed together and enter the kiln 2. The kiln is rotated and the mixture moves along 3. The kiln is heated and the hot clay and limestone react to form cement 4. Lumps of cement are grinded into powder and packed into bags 41 42 Final Product Cement Waste Material Carbon Dioxide Fly ash Location Sindh Punjab KPK 43 Importance Development of infrastructure Source of GDP Pakistan is self-sufficient in raw material for cement production Very stable business to invest some shares in Lesser availability of wood for construction Government Policy Government’s fiscal policies and rise in demand has caused the price of cement to show an upward trend 44 Problems Corruption Mismanagement Inconsistent government policies Lack of investment Security threats Dangerous emissions from the cement factories settle on top soil and prevent growth of plants Waste such as carbon & sulphur are dangerous for health Imported coal is not being transported (due to a strike by truck owners) to cement places since 7th December’ 2012 India has shut down importing cement from Pakistan because of Mumbai attacks alleging the cement was ‘risky’ after 2010 45 Suggestions Find alternative raw material to aid in cement making Install better equipment Introduce modern techniques Tighten the security of the country to ensure steady development of the industries 46 Class Assessment [Wrap-Up] Q: Study the given figure, showing the distribution of cement factories in Pakistan. OR Describe the distribution of cement factories in Pakistan in terms of province. Refer to Fig. 9.17 on pg:160 of the textbook 47
