SCIENCE FIRST QUARTER Module 7 10 The Mystery of Plate Movement Most Essential Learning Competency: Describe the possible causes of plate movement; (S10ES-Ia-J-36.5) To the Learners Here are some guidelines about the module. 1. Read and follow instructions carefully. 2. Answer the pre-test in order to assess the knowledge that you have about the lesson. 3. Analyze the picture and perform all the activities given. 4. Ask the assistance of your parent/guardian in doing the assigned task. 5. Answer the post test to measure how much you have gained from the lesson. In this module, you are expected to: 1. describe and simulate seafloor spreading; 2. illustrate the convection current within the mantle that could possibly affect plate movement; 3. discuss how ridge push and slab pull cause plate movement; 4. explain the causes of plate movement based on Continental Drift Theory and Seafloor Spreading Theory; 5. be aware of the effects of different processes and forces in our environment; Are you ready now for the next part? If yes, you may now start and enjoy! PRE-TEST PP Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write your answer on your answer sheet. ___1. What do you call the area where a denser plate sinks beneath another plate? A. Convergent B. Divergent C. Mid-Ocean Ridges D. Subduction Zone ___ 2. Which process is involved when a new seafloor is formed near Mid-Ocean Ridges? A. Subduction C. Convection Current B. Plate tectonics D. Seafloor Spreading 1 ____3. Which theory claimed that there was once a supercontinent that split into the present continent that we know today? A. Continental Drift B. Convection C. Plate Tectonics D. Seafloor Spreading ____4. Which is believed to be responsible for the movement of the plates in the earth’s lithosphere? A. Magma pressure C. Magnetic force at the poles B. Gravitational force D. Convection Current in the mantle ___ 5. What will happen when seafloor spreading occurs? A. Oceanic crust will stay in its original place. B. Oceanic crust will move side by side each other. C. Oceanic crusts diverge and new ocean floor material is formed. D. Oceanic crust material will move towards the middle part of the crust. Looking Back Directions: Read the questions carefully and answer each given question. 1. Can you identify the plate boundaries illustrated below? Write your answer on your answer sheet. A. ____________________________ B. ______________________________ 2. What are the possible geologic events and features that are produced when two lithospheric plates move apart? ______________________________________. 3. What are the possible geologic events that can be produced when two lithospheric plates slide past each other? ________________________________________. 2 Brief Introduction Plate Tectonics is a theory describing the movement of massive lithospheric plates. The Earth’s lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost mantle. There are two kinds of crusts, namely Oceanic Crust and Continental crust. The asthenosphere is the part of the mantle made up of highly viscous molten rocks that are capable of flowing. Lithospheric plates sitting on top of this layer of molten materials are moved when asthenospheric material moves. The Continental drift theory and Seafloor Spreading Theory illustrate the movement of the plates. The process that describes how oceanic plates break at the mid-ocean ridge is defined as seafloor spreading while when the plates move toward the subduction zones and plunges into the mantle is the subduction process. The different forces that cause the plates to move are convection current, ridge push and slab pull. In this module, you will perform activities, apply your creativity and critical thinking skills while discovering the processes and forces that drive the movement of lithospheric plates. Activity 1 Wow, What a model! (Simulation of Seafloor Spreading) Objective: Create a paper model illustrating the concept of Seafloor Spreading. Materials: folder, oil pastel, pencil, scissors, 2 strips of paper 15 cm long and 7 cm wide. PROCEDURE: 1. Draw a Seafloor Spreading similar to Figure 1 on the folder (see Figure 2). Make two slits on your drawing after continent and one slit at the middle (illustrated in Figure 2). Slits Figure 1: Seafloor Spreading 9 cm long Figure 2: Actual Drawing https://sites.google.com/site/thetheoryofplatetectonics/harry-hess-and-seafloor-spreading 2. Insert the end of the two paper strips together at the center slit as illustrated in the figures below then pull them toward the side slits. Figure 3: Inserting paper strips at the center slit. Figure 4: Pulling of paper strips toward the side slits 3. Insert the ends of the paper strips into the side slits then pull the ends of the strips as illustrated in the figures below and observe what happens. CAUTION: Be careful when using scissors. Figure 5: Inserting paper strips at the side slits Figure 6: Pulling of paper strips at the side slits Guide questions: 1. What do the paper strips represent? ________________________________________ 2. What parts of your model represent the mid-ocean ridge? ______________________ 3. What occurs in the mid-ocean ridge? _____________________________________ 4. Based on your simulation using your model, describe how new ocean floor form at the mid-ocean ridge. __________________________________________________. 5. What do the side slits represent? ________________________________________ 6. What happens when the oceanic plates continuously move away from the mid-ocean ridge? ______________________________________________________________ 7. What process is involved when the oceanic crust plunges down into the mantle? _______________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 MOVE UP, SIDE, DOWN!!! Directions: Analyze the picture of convection current in the mantle below and answer the questions. 4 Figure 7: Convection Current in the mantle Guide questions: 1. What causes the movement of the plate? __________________________________. 2. Describe how convection current affects plate movement. _____________________. 3. Why is the ridge formed along divergent boundary? ___________________________. 4. What causes the old ocean floor or old rock to plunge at the subduction zone? ______________________________________________ Activity 3 Drift and Split! Objective: Illustrate the causes of plate movement based on Continental Drift Theory and Seafloor Spreading Theory. Materials: photocopy of seven continents (2 copies) (see Figure 8), scissors, and paste. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/447263806727112408/ Figure 8: Seven continents 5 Procedure: 1. Photocopy the seven continents above (figure 8). 2. Cut carefully the edge of the seven continents. CAUTION: Be careful when using your scissors. https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/dynamicearth/drift2.html Figure 9: PANGAEA https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/43980533835024701/ Figure 10: World Map 3. Using the picture of PANGAEA above, place the cut out together in the first box then fit the edges of the continents side by side. Put the second copy of the continents in the second box using the World Map above to guide you about the present location of the continents. 6 A. Position of continents during PANGAEA B. Position of continents in the World Map 3. For the Seafloor Spreading Theory, use the simulation done in activity 1, and answer guide questions. 4. To understand thoroughly this topic, read the article about continental drift visit this link: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/continental-drift/ Guide questions: 1. Why do you think the position of the continents during PANGAEA and the present position in the World Map is not the same? ____________________________________ 2. Explain how seafloor spreading is involved in the plate movement. ___________________ Remember Continental Drift theory states that the continents were once part of a large landmass (supercontinent) called Pangaea that broke apart 200 million years ago. Convection current is the force that facilitates the movement of plates. Convection current transfer heat causes hot, less dense materials to rise and sink when the temperature becomes lower. The magma from the lower mantle rises and pushes the Earth’s crust to break the lithospheric plate and comes out on the broken part of the crust and cools down to form a new ocean floor. Plate Tectonics illustrate that plates move and interact with one another due to different processes and forces present. Ridge push is the pressure exerted by the mid-ocean ridge pushing the slab toward the subduction zones. Seafloor spreading is a geologic process in which tectonic plates- large slab of Earth’s lithosphere-split apart from each other. The Mid-ocean ridge is the place where the actual 7 seafloor spreading occurs and new ocean floor formed. The ridge pushes the oceanic crust away from the Mid-ocean ridge toward subduction zones and the slab will move downward due to slab pull. Slab is referring to a plate which is large, thick and flat piece of rock. Slab Pull is the force exerted by the subducted slab on the plate at the subduction zones. Subduction zone is a place where two plates collide and one dense plate sinks beneath another. Checking Your Understanding Directions: Read the questions carefully and answer each question. 1. When plates drifted away from each other, do you think the size of the Earth changes? Why? ____________________________________________________________ 2. In what way does ridge push and slab pull causes plates to move? ________________ 3. What do you think will be the effects of the plate movement on the Earth surface and in the environment? ______________________________________________________ POST- TEST Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided before each number. ___1. Which process is involved when lithospheric plates split apart? A. Plate Tectonics C. Seafloor Spreading B. Convection Current D. Subduction process ___2. Which process is involved when the oceanic crust plunges down into the mantle? A. Plate Tectonics C. Seafloor Spreading B. Convection Current D. Subduction process __3. What is the name of a large landmass that consisted of all the present continents? A. Continental Crust B. Gondwanaland C. Laurasia D. Pangaea ___4. Where is the location of the new ocean floor when two oceanic plates diverge? A. At the subduction zone C. Nearest to the Mid-Ocean Ridge B. Away from the Mid-Ocean Ridge D. Nearest to the Subduction zone 8 ___5.Which of the following BEST describes the process of ridge push that causes plates to move? A. Ridge push exerts force to push the plate at the middle. B. Ridge push exerts force to pull the plate at the subduction zone downward. C. Ridge push exerts pressure to move the oceanic plate towards subduction zone. D. Ridge push exerts pressure to move the oceanic plate away from the subduction zone. Reflection The Mystery of Plate Movement Directions: Write your reflection about The mystery of plate movement by completing the statements inside the box. Be honest in answering each box. This lesson will help me to I learned from this lesson that be_______________________ ___________________ I can apply my knowledge here The part of the lesson where I to _______________________ found it difficult to understand is _________________ 9 Science 10- Module 7 –Quarter 1 Name: _______________________ Grade & Section: ______________________ ANSWER SHEET PRE-TEST POST TEST 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. LOOKING BACK 1. A. ____________________________ B. ___________________________ 2. 3. Activity 1: Wow, What a Model! (Simulation of Seafloor Spreading) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Activity 2: MOVE UP, SIDE, DOWN!!! 1. 2. 3. 4. Activity 3: Drift and Split! 1. 2. Check your Understanding 1. 2. 3. This lesson will help me to be… I can apply my knowledge here to …… REFLECTION I learned from this lesson that …… The part of the lesson where I found it difficult to understand is ……..
