Product
®
Book let
2009
2
C ontents
I ntroduction
3
D esign
4
M ultiphysics A nalysis
When one company deems that hiding the problem is not going
to solve it, great discoveries will be around the corner.
With Comsol Multiphysics we have redefined modeling for cross-discipline
studies as well as for single-physics applications. We pioneered easy-to-use application interfaces, unlimited multiphysics capabilities, and a fully flexible model setup.
While we work on expanding the scope of the comsol® product line we keep
these priorities clearly in mind.
®
Comsol Multiphysics and its add-on products combine the power and versatility
necessary to address complex problems. Its power is applicable not only to traditional physics disciplines but also to emerging technologies such as advanced
materials, alternative energy sources, biotechnology, micro-electromechanical
systems (mems ), nanotechnology, and optoelectronics.
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S olvers /P erformance
12
U ser I nterface
16
M odel N avigator
20
D ocumentation
22
F eatures
24
O verview
26
Comsol Multiphysics
28
Options
30
- AC/DC Module
32
- Acoustics Module
34
- CAD Import Module
36
- Chemical Engineering Module
38
- Earth Science Module
40
-Heat Transfer Module
42
-Material Library
44
-MEMS Module
46
- RF Module
48
-Structural Mechanics Module
50
Comsol Script
52
Options
54
-Optimization Lab
56
- COMSOL Reaction Engineering Lab
58
-Signals and Systems Lab
60
S pecifications
62
U ser S upport
70
L icense C hoices
72
3
4
How do you make the future work for you?
5
6
By staying a step ahead.
7
Minimizing time to solution.
Comsol Multiphysics slashes the metric of
greatest value to computational scientists—time
to solution. This is a scientific-modeling environment that reduces the complexity of today’s
challenging scientific applications and thereby
increases overall engineering efficiency.
Perhaps Dr. Carl Meinhart of the University of
California at Santa Barbara, expresses the boost
in productivity more clearly: “Implementing a
code to examine flow in a microchannel biosensor could take years. With Comsol Multiphysics,
you can do it in a week.”
8
Comsol Multiphysics accelerates the testing
of design concepts with fast parametric studies of geometries, materials, and other model
properties. Taken as a whole, the package
minimizes the time to solution for the most
complex engineering and scientific problems.
Simulation of fluid-structure
interaction in a solar panel
9
Multiphysics is the name of the game,
pdes set the rules.
Comsol Multiphysics is based on partial differential equations (pde s)—the fundamental
equations that describe the laws of science. We
transform any coupled pde s into a form suitable
for numerical analysis and solve it using the finiteelement method with high-performance solvers.
The ability to freely link arbitrarily coupled
processes into one simulation provides literally
unlimited multiphysics capabilities. Put succinctly
by Yuefeng Luo of Federal Mogul, “Comsol
Multiphysics’ flexibility gives you the competitive
advantage.”
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A multiphysics model becomes simplicity itself.
All types of physics phenomena are available
from the Model Navigator. Simply point and click
to complete a model built upon any number of
different physics, or just pick an application with
the multiphysics couplings already predefined.
Two-phase flow in a secondary clarifier.
Structural analysis of a wheel rim.
Temperature distribution on a PC board with a disk
stack heat sink.
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12
How do you achieve more performance
while tackling tougher problems?
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14
By engineering efficiency in,
not adding it on.
m eaningful simulations of today’s complex
systems require arbitrary couplings between
different physics phenomena in one and the
same model–multiphysics. Therefore, a single
consistent interface to a general-purpose
solver engine with automatic detection of
the model’s characteristics, for optimal solver
choice, is a pillar in our design philosophy.
Carefully implemented best-in-class solvers are
there for you. Our speed and accuracy stand out
as superior in independent benchmark studies.
With advanced solver techniques and multicore
parallel solvers, Comsol Multiphysics optimizes
computationally intensive routines for maximum
performance with respect to solution times and
memory consumption.
Comsol Multiphysics runs on 64-bit computers
to complete large-scale modeling projects. Optimized with extensive input from tuning specialists, the numeric engine rapidly solves models
with tens of millions of degrees of freedom.
Mesh generation is an automated process and, in
combination with easy-to-use interactive meshing, enables the flexibilty that has become the
distinguished feature of Comsol Multiphysics.
Even a moving mesh is brilliantly managed by
the ale technique and is directly available in the
rotating machinery multiphysics coupling.
CG
GE
GS
MG
SOR
-
Conjugate Gradient
Gaussian Elimination
Gauss-Seidel
Multigrid
Successive Over Relaxation
The algorithms underlying mathematical modeling have
improved at a rate even greater than the hardware we have
watched explode in capability in the past decades. The developers at comsol continually take advantage of these developments so we can offer the highest-performance codes running
on the highest-performance hardware.
Source: Report to the President of the United States entitled
”Computational Science: Ensuring America’s Competitiveness”
written by the President’s Information Technology Advisory
Committee in 2005.
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Well engineered,
fast, easy-to-use.
To achieve the advances in scientific modeling
that cross traditional disciplinary boundaries calls
for rare innovation. With its genuine partialdifferential-equation core and smooth application interfaces, Comsol Multiphysics succeeds
in uniting ease-of-use with extra­ordinary mathematical depth.
Isosurface plot of the norm of the
magnetic field inside the compartment of a magnetic levitation train.
From its seamless cad-import facilities to its
unlimited postprocessing, every step in the
modeling process reaches for perfection. A script
language for interactive scientific computations
not only expands the software’s versatility, it
contributes to your ability to perform iterative
designs and optimizations.
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When work flows as it should.
CAD
Built-in CAD tools
CAD import including assemblies
Nastran® mesh import
1D, 2D, and 3D geometries can be mixed
in the same model
Geometry repair and defeaturing
ECAD Import
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Mesh
Physics
Predefined interfaces for a wide
range of physics
Combine physics to create
coupled multiphysics models
Predefined multiphysics modeling
interfaces
Customize material properties,
sources and sinks, transport terms
and other entities as functions of
space, time, and field variables
Material library with temperaturedepedent properties
Flexible equation-based modeling
using any PDE
Physics and multiphysics in multiple
geometries in the same model
Model tree for easy access of
model parameters
Automatic mesh generation of triangular,
quadrilateral and tetrahedral elements
Independent mesh size control for edges,
surfaces and volumes
Swept and mapped meshing
Interactive mesh for separate meshing
of geometry parts
Boundary layer meshing
Adaptive meshing
Parallelized meshing
% Multiphysics
xfem=multiphysics(xfem);
% Extended mesh
xfem.mesh=xmesh(xfem);
% Solve problem
xfem.sol=femstatic(fem, ...
’solcomp’,{’V’,’tAxAyAz20’,’tAxAyAz21’,’psi’,’tAxAyAz10’}, ...
’outcomp’,{’V’,’tAxAyAz20’,’tAxAyAz21’,’psi’,’tAxAyAz10’}, ...
’nonlin’,’off’, ...
’linsolver’,’gmg’, ...
’rhob’,5, ...
’mgcycle’,’f’, ...
’presmooth’,’vanka’, ...
C>> clear all;
C>> xfem=flload(’power_inductor’);
C>> edit power_circuit
C>> geom=xfem.geom;
C>> geomplot(geom);
C>> mesh=xfem.mesh;
C>> sol=xfem.sol;
C>>postplot(’fem,’slicedata’,{’normB_emqav’},...
’slicexspacing’,1,’tridata’,’V’,’arrowdata’,...
’{’Bx_emqav’,’By_emqav,’Bz_emqav’});
geom
[1x1 solid3]
mesh
[1x1 femmesh]
sol
[1x1 femsol]
xfem
[1x1 struct]
clear all;
xfem=flload(’power_inductor’);
edit power_circuit
geom=xfem.geom;
geomplot(geom);
mesh=xfem.mesh;
postplot(fem, ’slicedata’,{’normB_emqav’},’slicexspacing’,1,’tridata’,{’V’},’arrowdata’,{’Bx_emqav’,’By_emqav’,’Bz_
Script
Solvers and Postprocessing
High-performance direct solvers including
multicore parallel implementation
Iterative solvers including geometric multigrid
preconditioners
Fully coupled or sequential solution coupling
using the GUI-based solver script
Parametric and segregated solvers
State-of-the-art time-integration using
differential algebraic formulations
Interactive visualization of any variable or
function in space and time
Evaluation of arbitrary functions including line,
surface, and volume integrals
Interfaces for S-parameter and far-field analyses
Script for extensive parametric studies
Built-in functions for model validation and calibration
Foreign file interface to C, Fortran, and Java
Optional add-ons for reaction engineering, optimization,
and signal and systems processing
GUI-builder for customized interfaces
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Model Navigator.
Here is where you begin the modeling session and control the overall settings: space dimensions, physics, unit system, and gui language. Alternatively,
you can open an existing model you have created, or a complete model from
the suite of examples in the Model Library. Models can be saved as components that can then be added or merged to other models with their settings
still intact.
You revisit the Model Navigator during the modeling session to add physics
or geometries. Other settings can also be changed during the session.
With the predefined multiphysics couplings, Comsol Multiphysics and its
modules give you a head start solving problems that involve rotating machinery, microwave and induction heating, fluid-structure interactions, and more.
Moreover, pick your unit system of choice: si, mpa, cgsa, emu, esu, fps, ips, or
British Engineering Units.
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Model Library
Over 300 models are
available in comsol
Multiphysics and its
modules’ Model Library.
They cover a considerable number of application areas and engineering fields with examples
that range from the
educational to those
targeted towards industry. Fully documented,
these models provide a
useful starting point for
your modeling.
Magnetic prospecting of
iron ore deposits.
Free convection in a light
bulb.
Magnitude of the
magnetic field in a
honeycomb lattice.
21
Magnetic flux density in an electric generator. You can document your model automatically using the
built-in report generator, while the Model M-file can be accessed in COMSOL Script® or Matlab®.
22
Complex model, easily explained.
Sharing multiphysics models and results couldn’t be easier. With the push of
a button, the Report Generator documents all of a model’s important attributes. You choose the desired level of detail when printing reports or saving
them as extensible html files.
We take options for documentation even further with Model M-files and
the ability to continue work from within Comsol Script® or matlab ®.
Comsol Multiphysics quickly translates a model you have created in the
gui into a ready-to-run, modifiable, Model M-file that includes each modeling, simulation and visualization step in a concise, compact form.
In this way you get a straightforward method of embedding multiphysics code
in virtually any other application you can imagine. This includes signal processing, system design and analysis, and parameter or function optimization.
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Add constants and variables from the
options menu. You may type in your
own functions of the modeled variables
and set-up different types of coupling
variables. Also access the Material
Library to update with new coefficients
and property values.
Built-in cad tool. Connect the
physics of parts of assemblies
using Create pairs.
Specify physics, material properties and
boundary conditions. Couple to ODEs.
Access to ECAD*, CAD** and
NASTRAN ® mesh file import, the
Report Generator and Model Library.
Interaction with other packages such
as COMSOL Reaction Engineering
Lab ®, COMSOL Script ® and MATLAB ®.
Bidirectional interface with SolidWorks ®** and Autodesk ® Inventor ®**.
Add and merge components. Export
of numerical results for further postprocessing.
Launch the Model Navigator to couple
physics application modes. Access the
Model Library with more than 300 example
models and the Component Library.
Multiphysics
-Select from a list of available predefined
modeling interfaces, multiphysics couplings,
or a general pde mode.
- Add application modes to create arbitrary
multiphysics combinations.
- View the current multiphysics combination
in your model and the names of your dependent variables.
*Only for the AC/DC, MEMS and
RF Modules.
**Requires the CAD Import Module.
Model Tree for complete model
overview. Access physics settings,
maintain control over variables,
parameters and expressions.
Fully automated solution process
with built-in model characterization for optimal solver selection.
Change solver settings and guide
the solution scheme through
solver script.
Interactive postprocessing and visualization. Plot functions such as cross
sections and particle tracing. Evaluation of line, surface, and volume integrals of arbitrary expressions.
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Fully automated mesh generation.
Interactive meshing, plus definition
of free, mapped, boundary layer and
other mesh parameters.
Add multiple geometries for
extended multiphysics. Combine
1D, 2D and 3D structures in the
same model to increase fidelity
while keeping model complexity
affordable.
So much more than the sum of its parts.
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The unifying simulation environment.
The comsol® environment sets the stage for multidisciplinary cooperation.
Custom interfaces offer one collaborative workspace across scientific and
engineering specializations. And as part of the virtual prototyping process, the
open computational architecture expands and integrates with cad and system
analysis resulting in a complete solution for today’s technological challenges.
fcns{7}.name=’kappa(T)’;
fcns{7}.extmethod=’const’;
fcns{7}.subtype=’poly’;
fcns{7}.expr={{‘0’,’3.341322E9’,’1’,’3.450297
E7’,’2’,’-16235.84’,’3’, ...
‘-613.4826’,’4’,’1.152631’}};
fcns{7}.intervals={‘68.0’,’434.0’};
lib.mat{1}.functions = fcns;
xfem.lib = lib;
% Multiphysics
xfem=multiphysics(xfem);
% Extend mesh
C>> clear all;
C>> xfem=flload(‘rf_coil’);
C>> edit rf_coil
C>> geom=xfem.geom;
C>> geomplot(geom);
C>> mesh=xfem.mesh;
C>> sol=xfem.sol;
C>>postplot(fem,’tridata’,’disp_smsld’,’camlight’,’on’)
Thermal expansion caused by RF heating in a coil.
26
clear all;
xfem=flload(‘rf_coil’);
edit rf_coil;
geom=xfem.geom;
geomplot(geom);
mesh=xfem.mes h;
geom
mesh
sol
xfem
[1x1
[1x1
[1x1
[1x1
solid3]
femmesh]
femsol]
struct]
Simpleware & M at W eb TM
C omsol M ultiphysics ®
M atlab ® & S imulink ®
Bidirectional interface and
automatic M-file generation.
C omsol S cript ®
AC/DC
Module
Acoustics
Module
Signals &
Systems Lab
Chemical E ngineering
Module
Earth Science
Module
O ptimization L ab
Heat Transfer
Module
MEMS Module
RF Module
S tructural Mechanics
Module
CAD Import
Module
Material Library
Comsol Reaction
E ngineering Lab ®
C hemkin ®, J anaf , NASA
C, F ortran , J ava , S pice ,
E xcel ®, C ape -O pen
E cad
E cad
C atia ®, P ro /E ®, NX TM,
S olid E dge ®, + more
A utodesk ® I nventor ®,
S olid W orks ®
K e y fe at u res
COMSOL Mu lt i p h ys i c s ®
COM SOL S c r i p t ®
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Interactive programming language for scientific
computations and visualization
• Desktop GUI with editor/debugger
• More than 600 built-in functions
• High-speed graphics
• GUI-builder
• Application-specific add-ons
• Excel® import/export
Interactive modeling and simulation using FEA
Predefined physics and user defined equations in the GUI
Unlimited physics combinations
High-performance numerical algorithms
Powerful postprocessing capabilities
Extensive model libraries
Application-specific add-ons
Bidirectional interface to Matlab® & Simulink®
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C o m s o l M u lt i p h ys ic s ®
The comsol Multiphysics® simulation environment facilitates
all steps in the modeling process−defining your geometry,
specifying your physics, meshing, solving and then postprocessing your results.
Model set up is quick, thanks to a number of predefined
modeling interfaces for applications ranging from fluid flow
and heat transfer to structural mechanics and electromagnetic
analyses. Material properties, source terms and boundary
conditions can all be arbitrary functions of the dependent
variables.
A multiphysics simulation is achieved in minutes. Predefined
multiphysics-application templates solve many common
problem types. You also have the option of choosing different
physics from the Multiphysics menu and defining the interdependencies yourself. Or you can specify your own partial
differential equations (pdes), and couple them with other
equations and physics.
comsol Multiphysics operates as the primary tool for all your
future modeling needs. Its versatility, flexibility and usability can
easily be extended with its add-on modules, as well as through
manipulation of its underlying technical scripting language–
comsol Script.
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Teff << f
ATp p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
1(t)
Vb
• Acoustics
Absorber (@ T)
SQUID
Superconducting
Transition Edge
Sensor (TES)
G = Thermal link
Cooling bath (@ Ts)
t
R
a=
T
T
dR
• —
R
dT
—
• Convection and diffusion
• Electromagnetics
• Electro-thermal interactions
E = Vb •
l . dt
• Fluid dynamics
I
• Fluid-thermal interactions
• Heat transfer
t
• Structural mechanics
Temperature profile in the Ti/Au superconducting Transition Edge Sensor, used to measure X-rays in the European Space Agency’s
XEUS telescope. Model, drawing and photograph of sensor courtesy of Dr. Marcel Bruijn
of the Space Research Organization Netherlands (SRON), Utrecht, Netherlands.
• PDE modeling
29
C o m s o l M u lt i p h ys ic s
optional add-ons
Comsol Multiphysics provides solutions for an
unlimited range of modeling needs. You can add
an interface with your favorite cad package and
scripting capabilities.
Application-specific modules bring terminology,
material libraries, solvers and elements, as well
as visualization tools appropriately specialized
to the application area. In addition to custom
solutions, each of the add-on modules comes
with a large number of ready-to-run and welldocumented example models.
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AC/DC Module
Acoustics Module
Cad Import Module
Chemical Engineering Module
Earth Science Module
Heat Transfer Module
Material Library
Mems Module
RF Module
Structural Mechanics Module
AC/DC Module
Acoustics Module
C ad Import Module
Chemical Engineering Module
Earth Science Module
Heat Transfer Module
Mems Module
RF Module
Structural Mechanics Module
Material library
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AC/DC M o d u l e
The ac/dc Module sets the stage for modeling the performance
of capacitors, inductors, motors, and microsensors. Although these
devices are principally characterized by electromagnetics, they
are also affected by other types of physics. Thermal effects, for
instance, can change electrical properties of materials, while electromechanical deflections and vibrations in generators need to be fully
understood during any design process.
The capabilities of the ac/dc Module span electrostatics,
magnetostatics, and electromagnetic quasi-statics with unlimited
couplings to other physics.
When considering your electrical components as part of a larger
system, the ac/dc Module provides an interface with spice circuit
lists where you choose circuit elements for further 2D or 3D fea
modeling. Then you can take your analysis beyond the conventional
by running a single simulation of a mixed system of lumped and highfidelity models.
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A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Capacitors, inductors and
resistors
• Circuit control
• Electric welding and
electrostatic discharges
• Electro-acoustic transducers
and speakers
• Electromagnetic compatibility
(emc) and interference (emi)
• Electromagnetic transducers,
sensors and transformers
• High voltage distribution and
railguns
Magnetic flux density and magnetic potential after
0.2 s in a rotating generator. Postprocessing
reveals the torque.
• Insulation and conduction
• Magnetostatics and
electromagnetic shielding
• mems and Hall sensors
• Motors, generators and other
electromechanical machinery
• Peltier cooling
• Plasma modeling and
magnetohydrodynamics (mhd)
• Propagation of noise from
electromagnetic devices
• Resistive and inductive heating
• rfid tags and readers
• Semiconductor fabrication,
wafer processing and induction
furnaces
Slice and boundary color plot of the electric
potential from a simulation of a planar transformer. Geometry imported from an ODB++(X)
file using the ECAD Import feature.
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A c o u s t ic s M o d u l e
The Acoustics Module is a world-class solution to all your
acoustics modeling needs. Easy-to-use application modes
provide the tools to model acoustic wave propagation in air,
water, other fluids–and even solids.
It is designed specifically for those who work in classical
acoustics with devices that produce, measure, and utilize
acoustic waves. Just a few application areas from the audio
industry include speakers, microphones, and hearing aids,
while those for noise control can address muffler design,
sound barriers, and building acoustics.
The modeling of acoustics-structure interaction is easily done
with the Acoustics Module. This capability is particularly
attractive for applications such as the design of sonar transducers in medical and non-destructive testing applications as
well as those used for noise and vibration analysis.
This module also features a special interface for modeling
aeroacoustics, which is especially useful for the control of aircraft engine noise. In addition, its general multiphysics ability
enhances classical acoustics with further accuracy.
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Intensity and pressure in a
muffler with perforates.
A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Acoustic-structure interaction
• Aeroacoustic propagation
• Hearing aids
• Loudspeaker and microphone
design and evaluation
• Medical ultrasound and tissueresponse simulation
• mems acoustics sensors
• Noise and vibration
characterization of machinery
• Noise reduction measures –
sound barriers, construction
material, insulation design
• Piezoelectric transducer design
• Reactive and absorptive
mufflers
• Simulation of non-destructive
testing (ndt)
• sonar response simulation
• sonar transducer design and
evaluation
• Sound-environment simulation
– placement of loudspeakers in
rooms and car interiors
• Teaching acoustics
Radiation of fan noise from the annular duct of a
turbofan aeroengine.
Pressure acoustics in a woofer in a bass reflex
enclosure.
Aeroacoustics in an aeroengine duct.
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ca d im p o rt m o d u l e
Getting your CAD geometries ready for FEA modeling is easier than ever with the
CAD Import Module. It facilitates the reading of industry-standard formats such
as STEP, IGES, ACIS® (SAT®) or Parasolid®. Extra add-ons support file formats for
packages that have their own geometry kernel.
The CAD Import Module goes beyond just the reading of file formats. The interactive
repair feature assures that imported geometries are mathematically correct for FEA
modeling. And, in order to cut down on unnecessary details in your CAD geometries,
defeaturing tools that remove fillets, small faces, sliver faces, as well as spikes or short
edges are included.
The CAD Import Module also provides bidirectional interfaces to SolidWorks® and
Autodesk® Inventor® that maintain associativity with these CAD systems. This means
that geometric parameteric sweeps can be run using the COMSOL models, which
result in automatically updating of the CAD geometry in the corresponding CAD system. Such parametric studies can also be run using clusters and can be set up directly
from the user interface.
36
fea t u re h i g h l i g h t s
Bidirectional Interface with
SolidWorks
Bidirectional Interface with
Autodesk Inventor
Geometric parameter sweeps
A dd - o n s t o t h e C A D
I m p o r t MO D UL E
CATIA V5 Import Module
CATIA V4 Import Module
Pro/E Import Module
The bidirectional interface with SolidWorks (left) and COMSOL (right) allows you to quickly examine the effects of changes to the geometry, which you can steer
from either environment. In this case, the thickness of the wheel rim is investigated where this parameter is quickly changed and updated through the bidirectional
interface.
VDA-FS Import Module
Contact Analysis of a cellular phone (right). Geometric parameter sweeps can be easily run using the bidirectional interface with Autodesk Inventor (left).
37
c h e mica l e n g i n e e r i n g m o d u l e
Based on the classic work Transport Phenomena by Bird,
Stewart, and Lightfoot, the Chemical Engineering Module is the perfect tool for process-related modeling. It is
specifically designed to easily couple transport phenomena — computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or mass
and energy transport—to chemical reaction kinetics.
We have optimized the module for the modeling of
reactors, filtration and separation units, heat exchangers,
and other equipment common in the chemical industry.
Other modeling interfaces account for electrochemical
systems (such as fuel cells) and applications where electric fields influence transport, such as electrophoresis
and electrokinetic flow.
The Chemical Engineering Module melds seamlessly
with the power of COMSOL Multiphysics for multiphysics and equation-based modeling. This latter feature allows for the inclusion of arbitrary expressions, functions
and source terms in the transport equations. You also
have access to a variety of thermodynamic and physical
property data through the CAPE-OPEN interface of
COMSOL Script.
38
Simulation of the production of
polymer linkage in a multijet reactor.
A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Batch reactors, fermenters and
crystallizers
• Chromatography and
electrophoresis
• Corrosion
• Cyclones, separators, scrubbers
and leaching units
Flow and concentration distribution in a turbulent
reactor.
• Exhaust after-treatment and
emission control
• Filtration and sedimentation
• Fuel cells and batteries
• Heat exchangers and mixers
• Homogeneous and heterogeneous two-phase flow –
emulsions, suspensions, bubble
columns and sparging
• Microfluidics and lab-on-chip
devices
Concentration profile in a tortuous microreactor.
• Multicomponent and membrane
transport
• Packed bed reactors
• Plug-flow and tubular reactors
• Polymerization processes and
non-newtonian fluid dynamics
• Pre-burners and internal
combustion engines
• Reformers and catalytic
converters
Two immiscible fluids enter the one channel leading to
droplet formation and break-off.
39
e a rt h s ci e n c e m o d u l e
Ready-made interfaces make it easy to
model single and coupled processes related
to subsurface flow. The module is well suited
for studies such as oil and gas flow in porous
media, the modeling of groundwater flow,
and the spread of pollution through soil.
A variety of specialized interfaces are available for easy application of the Richards and
Navier-Stokes equations, Darcy’s law, and
Brinkman’s extension of Darcy’s law. In addition, the module handles the transport and
reaction of solutes as well as heat transport
in porous media.
Deformation and pressure fields resulting from
pumping near a branch in a multilateral well.
40
To demonstrate multiphysics modeling of
geophysical and environmental problems,
the library from the Earth Science Module
provides examples with arbitrary couplings
to other application modes in Comsol
Multiphysics, such as solid deformation and
electromagnetics.
A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Estuary and riparian analyses –
flow, advection and diffusion
• Gas storage, remediation and
sequestration
Year 20
• Magnetohydrodynamic magma
flows
• Mechanical and gravity
dewatering of porous and
fibrous materials
• Petroleum extraction analysis
Year 15
• Pollutant plume analyses in
subsurface, surface and
atmospheric flows
Year 10
Poroelastic deformation of a sand-shale
sand layer near a vertical wellbore.
• Poroelastic compaction &
subsidence, stress and fracture
analysis
• Saturated and unsaturated
porous media flow
• Shallow water flows and
sediment transport
Year 5
• Single phase, multiphase and
foam flow through porous
media
• Water table analyses and saline
intrusion into groundwater
• Wave propagation and flows
over poroelastic beds
• Well head analyses
Biot poroelastic modeling: Flow and structural
two-way coupling in poroelastic media.
Groundwater flow and solute transport.
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h e at t r a n s f e r m o d u l e
Problems involving any combination of conduction, convection, and
radiation are solved easily with the Heat Transfer Module. It finds
extensive use in systems that involve the generation and flow of heat
in any form.
A variety of specialized modeling interfaces are
available for different formulations and applications such as surface-to-surface radiation, nonisothermal flow, heat transfer in structures made
of thin layers and shells, and heat transfer in biological tissue.
The Heat Transfer Module allows for arbitrary
couplings to other application modes in
Comsol Multiphysics and its modules for
multiphysics modeling. This is particularly relevant
to applications such as thermal management
in the electronics industry, thermal processing
and manufacturing, and medical technology and
bioengineering.
42
A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Bioheat treatment and thermal
therapy
• Casting and thermal processing
• Convection cooling of electronics and power electronics
• Drying and freeze drying
• Food processing, cooking and
sterilization
• Friction stir welding (fsw)
Continuous casting of copper.
• Furnace and burner design
• Heat exchangers
• Heating, ventilation and airconditioning (hvac) in building
design
• Material heat treatment
• Resistive and inductive heating
• Thermal design – brake discs,
cooling flanges, exhaust pipes
Convective cooling of the electronic
components in an amplifier.
• Vacuum processes using
radiation
• Welding
A thermal photovoltaic (tpv) device converts radiation heat
to create electrical energy.
Photo courtesy of Dr. Wilhelm Durisch, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland
Temperature distribution on the different parts
of a model of the human eye.
Model courtesy of Professor Eddie Y. K. Ng,
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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mat e r ia l L i b r a ry
The Material Library contains data for 2500 materials
including the elements, minerals, soil, metal alloys, oxides,
steels, thermal insulators, semiconductors, and optical
materials. You specify a material in the Material Library
browser, which enables you to easily find the desired
material by name, or UNS (Unified Numbering System)
number.
Each material is represented by referenced property
functions for as many as 24 key material properties,
such as thermal, elastic, or electrical properties, depending on some variable, typically temperature. You can plot
and inspect these function definitions, as well as change
and add to them. They are then used in any coupling to
other physics simulations that also depend on the property function variable in your multiphysics modeling.
44
ava i l ab l e m a t er i a l s
• Elements
• Fe & Ni Alloys
• Al & Cu Alloys
• Mg & Ti Alloys
A stent is a wire-mesh tube used to open
a coronary artery to improve blood flow
to the heart muscle, often using shape
memory alloys. Shown here is the deformation plot and relevant material property functions of such a stent.
• Oxides
• Carbides, Cermets & Tool Steels
• Carbons & Thermal Insulation
• Intermetallics, tbc & Refractory
Metals
• Polyamids & Polyesters
• Acetal, pvdf & eva
• Elastomers & Epoxies
• Misc. Polymers & Polymer
Composites
• Minerals, Rock, Soil & Woods
• Polypropylenes & pet
• Controlled Expansion &
Thermocouple Alloys
• Semi-conductors, Optical &
Other Materials
• Solders, Dental & Co Alloys
• Resistance & Magnetic Alloys
• Metal Matrix & Ceramic Matrix
Composites
• Salts, Fuel Cell, Battery &
Electro-ceramics
• Silicides & Borides
• Glasses, Metallic Glasses,
Nitrides & Beryllides
• Cast Irons & Mold Materials
45
mems module
The mems Module addresses design issues that
arise in the micro-world. It models physical
phenomena in actuators and sensors plus
microfluidic and small piezoelectric devices.
Most mems applications are multiphysics by
their very nature and usually include electromagnetic-structural, thermal-structural, fluidstructure (FSI), or electromagnetic-fluid
interactions. To this end, the mems Module
provides equations and settings optimized for
the single- and coupled-physics modeling that
these interactions may require.
The module includes analyses in the stationary and transient domains as well as eigenfrequency, parametric, quasi-static and frequ–
ency-response analyses.
46
A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Accelerometers
• Actuators
• Cantilever beams and other
switches
• Chemical and biochemical
sensors
• dna chips and lab-on-chips
• Fluid-structure interaction in
microchannels
Droplet release from an inkjet and velocity
field in the surrounding air.
• Heterogeneous two-phase flow
in microchannels
• Inkjets
• mems acoustic transducers
• mems capacitors
Fluid flow and the concentration
profile in a microfluidic mixer.
• mems thermal devices
• Microreactors, micropumps and
micromixers
• Microwave power sensors
• moems and vcsels
Conductivity and displacement of a
piezoelectric button.
• Piezoelectric and piezoresistive
devices
• rf mems devices
• Sensors
• Surface Acoustic Wave (saw)
sensors and filters
Pressure wave from a piezoacoustic transducer from a phased-array microphone.
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RF m o d u l e
Modeling in RF, microwave and optical engineering requires
resolving the scale of the transmitting device while capturing
effects many orders of magnitude greater. The RF Module
offers you the tools to meet this challenge, including perfectly
matched layers and the best solvers available.
As a result, you can easily model antennas, waveguides,
microwave and optical components.
The rf Module completes the modeling experience
by providing advanced postprocessing features such
as S-parameter computation and far-field analysis.
Taken together with Comsol’s unsurpassed ability to
couple to other physics, you have the industry’s leading
multiphysics solution for electromagnetic waves.
48
A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Antennas, waveguides and
cavities
• Bloch/Floquet periodic arrays
and structures
• Circulators and directional
couplers
• Heat generation in plasmonics
• High speed interconnects
Radiation pattern from a metallic corner cube
reflector.
SAR value resulting from the radiation coming
from a mobile phone.
Wave absorption simulated with perfectly
matched layers.
• Metamaterials
• Microwave and rf heating
• Microwave cancer therapy
• Microwave devices
• Microwave sintering
• Oil exploration / sea bed
logging
• Scattered field formulation for
rcs and scattering problems
• S-parameter analyses of
antennas
• Stress-optical effects in
waveguides and photonics
• Thermo-structural effects in
antennas and waveguides
• Tissue heating from cell phones
• Transmission lines
6 GHz balanced patch antenna.
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s t ru c t u r a l m e c h a n ic s m o d u l e
This module is specialized in the analysis
of components and subsystems where it is
necessary to evaluate structural deformations.
It also contains special application modes for
the modeling of shells, beams and plates.
Application modes in this module solve
stationary and dynamic models, and let you
perform eigenfrequency, parametric, quasi-static and frequency-response analyses. 3D solid
as well as 2D plane stress, plane strain and
axisymmetric analyses allow the specification
of elastoplastic and hyperelastic material laws
as well as large deformations.
A postprocessing feature extends the module
with the tools required for high and low-cycle
fatigue, and multi-axial fatigue based on critical
planes methods.
The Structural Mechanics Module works in
tandem with Comsol Multiphysics and the
other discipline-specific modules to couple
structural analysis to any multiphysics
phenomenon.
Stresses in a valve cap during closing.
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A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Acoustic-structure interaction
• Biomechanics and
bioengineering
• Buckling analysis
• Elasto-plastic and hyperelastic
analysis of materials
• Electromechanical machinery
Deformation of a rubber boot seal.
Model courtesy of the R&D Department, Metelli S.p.A..
Cologne (BS), Italy, and COMSOL, Inc.
• Fatigue analysis
• Fluid-structure interaction (fsi)
• Fracture mechanics
• Multiphysics contact
• Piezoelectric effects
• Polymer mechanics
• Stress-optical effects
• Thermal friction
• Thermal-structure interaction
Temperature distribution resulting from the
contact and electric current in a switch.
• Viscoelasticity and thermal
creep
• Viscoplasticity
Displacement from the first eigenmode in a
crankshaft.
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Comsol Script®
All Comsol Multiphysics modeling capabilities are available
through Comsol Script. It lets you interact with models
through an interactive graphical user interface, the Comsol
Desktop, for just about any analysis purpose you can think of.
Comsol Script includes more than 600 high-level commands
for data analysis and visualization. Simply save a Comsol
Multiphysics model as a Model M-file and then extend your
simulating and analysis. Tailor-make your modeling through
building customized user interfaces for others to access your
modeling work.
Further, its command formats are matlab® compatible; any
script can be run from matlab for cross-disciplinary applications such as automatic control design.
52
F ea t u re H i g h l i g h t s
• Advanced postprocessing
• Advanced solution schemes
• Algorithms for linear algebra,
signal processing, automatic
control and optimization
• Arbitrary expression and
function evaluation
• Command-line debugger
• Control-flow statements
• Customize comsol
Multiphysics models with gui
design and control
• Customized data import and
manipulation
• Desktop gui with editor/
debugger
• Mostly matlab® compatible
• General platform for scientific
computations
• gui builder
• Interface for comsol
Multiphysics command-line
modeling
• Interpreted language, no
compilation required
Create your own GUI for COMSOL Multiphysics
models using COMSOL Script. The featured application displays the temperature profile in a friction stir
welding application. The GUI is used by operators to
create a graph of the hardness of the weld.
• Java interface with Open gl
acceleration
• More than 600 built-in functions
• Multiple matrix types: real and
complex, sparse and full, logical
• Structures, cell arrays, strings
Model courtesy of Dr. Paul Colegrove, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
53
Comsol Script
optional add-ons
Comsol Script is an open and extensible
environment. Optional Labs adds field-specific
solutions. Each Lab consists of a rich set of
functions that can be accessed directly from
the interactive command line. The functions
are text based M-Files that easily can be
modified to extend the environment for
your own applications.
GUIs are included for common tasks. Easy
access to powerful tools and high-speed
graphics boost productivity for beginners
as well as advanced users.
54
Optimization Lab
COMSOL Reaction Engineering Lab
Signals & Systems Lab
Optimization lab
Comsol reaction engineering lab ®
Signals & systems lab
55
O p t imi z at i o n l a b
The Optimization Lab provides a state-of-the art suite of Comsol
Script functions for setting up and solving optimization problems.
Based on the SNOPT and SQOPT codes developed by Philip E. Gill, UC San
Diego, and Walter Murray and Michael A. Saunders, Stanford University, it
contains solvers for the optimization of constrained linear, quadratic, and
nonlinear objective functions as well as constrained linear and nonlinear
least-squares problems. There may be a mixture of linear and nonlinear
constraints, and sparsity is exploited. A separate Nelder-Mead solver adds
functionality for unconstrained optimization of nonsmooth functions of relatively few variables.
The command syntax allows you to state the components of your problem
easily. An algorithm then analyzes the problem and chooses the most appropriate optimization function.
An essential part of the Comsol Script product line, the Optimization Lab
is fully integrated with the other Labs. It is also available to optimize Comsol
Multiphysics models.
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F ea t u re H i g h l i g h t s
• Accessed from the Comsol
Script command line
• Automatic choice of solver
• Based on the highly respected
and widely used snopt and
sqopt codes
• Integration with Comsol
Script and its products
• Large-scale, constrained and
unconstrained problems:
- Linear
- Nonlinear
- Quadratic
- Linear least squares
- Nonlinear least squares
• Nelder-Mead search algorithm
for non-smooth unconstrained
problems
• Optimize fea and multiphysics
problems by including Comsol
Multiphysics models
• User-friendly problem definition
in flexible data structure
The IV characteristics of a COMSOL Multiphysics-generated model of a semiconductor
are optimized. The COMSOL Script desktop controls the solving mechanism of the semiconductor model, and the optimization through SPICE model parameter identification.
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c o m s o l r e ac t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g l a b ®
The COMSOL Reaction Engineering Lab uses reaction formulas to create models of reacting systems.
It solves the material and energy balances for such
systems, including reaction kinetics, where the composition and temperature vary only with time. Further, you
can run nonlinear parameter estimation on multiple sets
of experimental data through using a powerful interface.
For space-dependent models, the Reaction Engineering Lab
offers a direct export to the Chemical Engineering Module,
with which you create 2D and 3D models. Included in these
models are kinetic expressions for the reacting system, which
are automatically or manually defined in the Reaction Engineering Lab.
You also have access to a variety of thermodynamic and physical property
data through the CHEMKIN® file import feature, and the CAPE-OPEN
interface in COMSOL Script.
Regardless of the system–whether drug-delivery to a nerve or a CVD reactor in the semiconductor industry–this suite of products gives you unparalleled power in formulating and solving kinetic reaction models.
58
Feeder gas concentration distribution in the
metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for
the growth of GaAs on a wafer.
A p p l i ca t i o n exa m p l e s
• Analytical chemistry and
forensic science
• Biochemistry and food science
• Bioengineering and drug-release
applications
• Catalytic combustion and
reforming
• Chemical reactor sizing and
optimization
• Combustion chemistry
• Environmental and atmospheric
chemistry
• Exhaust after-treatment and
emission control
• Homogeneous and
heterogeneous catalysis
• Industrial chemistry and
technology
• Kinetics modeling and
parameter estimation in
chemical reactors
• Materials and solid state
chemistry
This simulation is from a diesel engine where the internal-combustion reaction is
ignited through high pressure as opposed to a spark. Over 300 reactions, imported
from a CHEMKIN® file, make up the reaction mechanism where the pressure duration during an ignition cycle is shown.
• Petrochemistry and catalytic
cracking
• Pharmaceutical synthesis
• Polymerization kinetics and
manufacture
• Semiconductor manufacture
and cvd
• Surface chemistry kinetics and
adsorption
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S i g n a l s & S ys t e m s L a b
The Signals & Systems Lab contains over one hundred functions to support signal
processing, system simulation, system identification, design and analysis of control
systems, adaptive filtering, non-stationary signal analysis, and statistics.
Three separate graphical user interfaces (guis) facilitate application-oriented tasks
such as the determination and visualization of spectra, probability density functions,
dynamic responses of siso/mimo systems, arma time-series analyses, and linear
time-invariant systems. Each GUI contains advanced commands, interactive tools,
and graphics capabilities relevant for each of the supported disciplines.
All commands and algorithms can be accessed via the Comsol Script
command-line interfaces.
60
F ea t u re H i g h l i g h t s
• Accurate uncertainty
descriptions and embedded
Monte Carlo simulations
• Adaptive filtering including
recursive estimation of timevarying models and Kalman
filtering for state estimation
• arma time-series analyses
• Control-system analysis –
including computation of
impulse and step responses,
Bode diagrams, and Nyquist
plots
• Data preprocessing digital-filter
design, windowing, resampling/
interpolation, and detrending/
prefiltering
• Determination and examination
of impulse response
• Determination and visualization
of spectra
• Dynamic responses of siso/
mimo systems
• Frequency analysis using dtf,
ctf, and tfd
• Linear time-invariant (lti)
system analysis
Estimation of an autoregressive model produced
from an EEG signal using a fast and a slow adaption
rate. The GUI shows a spectral analysis of the
input signal with two different estimation methods;
the Welsh and the AR6 models.
• Parameter estimation using
nonlinear least square methods
for multiple data sets
• Probability density functions
• Signal analysis – Fourier
transform methods, frequencydomain methods, Laplace
transforms, z-transforms, and
analyzing feedback systems
using transform methods
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PREDEFINED SINGLE PHYSICS AND MULTIPHYSICS
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Equations
PDE Formulation, Free Equation-based Modeling
General Periodic Boundar y Conditions
Evaluation of Material and Energy Balances from Chemistr y Freely Manipulate the Underlying Equations/Physics
Deformed Mesh and Topology Optimizations* and Sensitivity Analysis
Acoustics
Time-harmonic Analysis
Eigenfrequency Analysis
Transient Analysis
Modal Analysis
Time-harmonic Analysis, Scattered-Field Analysis
Ultraweak Variational Formulation (UWVF) for Efficient Time-harmonic Simulation
Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs)
Acoustics Damping:
General, Complex Material, Delany-Bazley, and Bulk Viscosity
Structural Damping:
Rayleigh
Loss Factor
Boundar y Conditions:
Sound Hard, Sound Soft, Pressure, Normal Acceleration, Impedance, and Radiation
Matched Boundar y
Point Sources:
Flow, Intensity, and Power
Far-field Analysis
Fluid Mechanics
Navier-Stokes, Laminar Flow with Non-constant Viscosity
Non-Newtonian Flow, Carreau-Yasuda and Power Law
Flow with Variable Density
Nonisothermal Flow, Non-constant Density Stokes Flow
Electrokinetic Flow
Compressible Potential Flow
k-e Turbulence Model for Turbulent Flow
k- Ω Turbulence Model for Turbulent Flow
Evaluation of Fluid Proper ties from Species Data Porous Media Flow:
Brinkman’s Extension of Darcy’s Law Darcy’s Law
Richards´ Equation for Variably Saturated Media
Multiphase Flow:
Bubbly Flow Model for Liquid/Gas Mixtures in Laminar and Turbulent Flow
Mixture Model for Solid Par ticles in Liquids or Emulsions in Laminar and Turbulent Flow
General Interface for Two-phase Flow using the Level Set Method
General Interface for Two-phase Flow using the Phase Field Method
* Requires COMSOL Optimization Lab
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Material Transport
Diffusion
Diffusion and Convection
Evaluation of Material Transpor t Proper ties from Species Data
Material Balances in Continuously Stirred Tank and Plug Flow Reactors
Maxwell-Stefan Multicomponent Transpor t and Reactions
Multicomponent Transpor t in Diluted Solutions with Reactions
Nernst-Planck, Migration of Ions in Electric Fields and Reactions (Electrophoresis)
Heat Transfer
Bioheat Equation for Heat Transfer in Living Tissue
Conduction with Heat Sources and Sinks
Convection with Heat Sources and Sinks, Film Coefficient
Convection with Heat Sources and Sinks, coupled to Fluid Transpor t
Evaluation of Heat Transpor t Proper ties from Species Data
Heat Balances in Continuously Stirred Tank and Plug Flow Reactors
Radiation, Surface-to-Ambient
Radiation, Surface-to-Surface View-Factor Method
Thin Thermally Conducting Shells with Heat Sources and Sinks
Electromagnetics Low Frequency
Current Conduction through DC
Electromagnetic Shells and Floating Point Boundar y Condition
Electrostatics Conducting and Dielectric Materials
Electrostatics Dielectrics
RLC Lumped Parameter Calculation
General Magnetostatics
Magnetostatics, No Currents
Quasi-statics
Quasi-statics with Negligible Coupling for E and H Fields
Periodic Boundar y Conditions
Sector Symmetr y
Time-harmonic Analysis
Transient (Time-domain) Analysis
Infinite Elements
Force and Torque Computations
SPICE Interface for Circuit Simulations
Suppor t for Nonlinear B-H Cur ves
Joule Heating
Induction Heating
Rotating Machiner y
Mixed AC/DC Simulation for Small-Signal Analysis
Induced Field Analysis
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PREDEFINED SINGLE PHYSICS AND MULTIPHYSICS
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PREDEFINED SINGLE PHYSICS AND MULTIPHYSICS
C o ms o l mu ltip hys ics
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Electromagnetics High Frequency
Hybrid-mode Waves
Materials with Continuous Spatial Proper ties Variations
TE Waves
TM Waves
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
Absorbing Boundaries
Coaxial, Waveguide, and Numerical Por ts
Lumped Por ts
Near and Far Electromagnetic Field Extension Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs)
Periodic Boundar y Conditions
S-Parameter Analysis
Transition and Impedance Boundaries
Eigenfrequency Analysis
Time-Harmonic Analysis
Transient (Time-domain) Analysis
Power Level for Por ts
Magnetic Frill
Lossy Eigenfrequency and Modal Analysis
Scattered Field Analysis
Microwave Heating
SPICE Interface for Circuit Simulations
Structural Linear
Static Analysis
Transient Analysis
Frequency Response (Harmonic) Analysis
Buckling
Modal Analysis
Damped Modal Analysis
Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs)
Structural Damping:
Loss Factor
Rayleigh
Equivalent Viscous
Mixed U-P Formulation
Reaction Force Calculation
Structural Nonlinear
64
Static Analysis
Transient Analysis
Buckling
Mixed Formulation
Geometric Nonlinear (Large Deformations)
Follower Loads
Material Models:
Elasto-plasticity
Hyperelasticity Viscoelasticity
Viscoplasticity and Creep
Reaction Force Calculation
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Structural Fatigue
Low Cycle and High Cycle Fatigue
Propor tional Loading, Constant and Nonconstant Amplitude
Nonpropor tional Loading, Constant Amplitude
Structural Contact
Surface-Surface
Friction
Augmented Lagrangian Method
Dynamic Friction
Multiphysics Contact
Quasi-static and Transient Contact
Structural Elements
Shells
Beams
Plates
Truss/Cables
Properties and Material Databases
Material Libar y with Functions describing a Range of Proper ties for over 2500 Materials
Basic Materials Librar y for Solids with Electrical, Structural, and Thermal Proper ties
Fluids Materials Librar y with Transpor t Proper ties and Surface Tension Data
MEMS and Piezoelectric Materials Librar y
Heat Transfer Coefficients Librar y
Thermodynamic, Transpor t Proper ties and Chemical Kinetics Expressions Librar y
Electric (AC/DC) Material Proper ties
Predefined Multiphysics Couplings
Acoustics-fluid Interaction (Aeroacoustics with Compressible Flow)
Electro-thermal Interactions:
Joule Heating
Inductive Heating
Microwave Heating
Rotating Machiner y
Fluid-thermal Interactions:
Incompressible Fluid-thermal Interactions
Nonisothermal Flow
Nonisothermal Turbulent Flow
Nonisothermal Flow and Fluid-solid Heat Transfer
Flow with Multiple Species Transpor t
Fluid-Chemical Reactions
Electrophoretic Material Transpor t
Electroosmotic Flow
Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)
Acoustic-Structure Interaction
Piezoelectric Analysis
Thermal Stresses
Thermal Electric-Structural Interaction
Poroelasticity
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PREDEFINED SINGLE PHYSICS AND MULTIPHYSICS
C o ms o l mu ltip hys ics
PREDEFINED SINGLE PHYSICS AND MULTIPHYSICS
C o ms o l mu ltip hys ics
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Multiphysics Couplings
Peltier Cooling
Electromagnetic-Structural Effects
Electro-Optical Effects
Equation-based Multiphysics, Free Formulation
Fluid-electrical Effects:
Electrophoresis
Dielectrophoresis
Streaming Potential
Electroosmosis
Fluid-Magnetic Effects:
Ferrofluids
Magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD)
Weakly Compressible Flow with Thermal Effects
Fluid-thermal-chemical Interactions in Tubular Reactors
Fluid-thermal Effects with Phase Change
Poroelasticity, Fluid-structural Effects
Structural-optical Effects
Solvers
Suppor t for Shared-memor y Parallelism in Assembly and in a Range of Solvers
Stationar y Linear and Nonlinear Solver
Time-dependent Nonlinear Solver (DASPK, HHT alpha)
Eigenvalue Solver (ARPACK)
Adaptive Mesh Refinement Solver
Parametric Linear and Nonlinear Solver
Parameter sweeps on Linux Clusters and Windows Compute Clusters
Stationar y, Parametric and Time-Dependent Segregated Solver
Direct Linear Solvers:
UMFPACK LU Factorization
SPOOLES LU and LDLT Factorization
PARDISO
PARDISO out-of-core
TAUCS Cholesky Factorization
Incomplete LU Factorization
Iterative Linear Solvers:
Conjugate Gradients
FGMRES and GMRES
Algebraic Multigrid
Geometric Multigrid
BiCGStab
Preconditoners/Smoothers:
Incomplete LU Factorization
Jacobi (Diagonal Scaling)
SOR, SSOR, and SSOR Vector
Algebraic Multigrid
Geometric Multigrid
Vanka
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Scripting
GUI-based COMSOL Script
Command Line-based COMSOL Script (COMSOL Script required)
Command Line-based Matlab ® Script (MATLAB required)
Postprocessing and Visualization
Plots of all Field Variables, Predefined Quantities, and User-defined Quantities
Surface Plots
Contour Plots
Slice Plots
Isosurface Plots
Line Plots
Edge Plots
Boundar y Plots
Subdomain Plots
Arrow Plots
Principal Stress/Strain Plots
Streamline Plots
Par ticle Tracing Plots
Par ticle Tracing Plots with Predefined Forces
Geometr y Edge Plots
Cross-section Plots
Domain Plots (on Boundaries, Edges, Subdomains, and in Points)
Plots of Experimental Data
Animations/Movie Files (AVI, QuickTime, Animated GIF)
Maximum and Minimum Markers
Pre- and User Defined Color Scales and Color Maps
Editable Plot Titles and Axis Labels with Suppor t for HTML and LaTeX Tags
Overlaid Plots and Plots in Separate Windows
Numeric Data Display of all Quantities and Variables and General Functions of these
Interpolated Values of all Quantities and Variables
Integrated Quantites on Boundaries and Subdomains
Probe Plots during the Solution Process
Visualization of the Mesh and its Element Quality
Accurate Recover y of Fluxes and Stresses
Reaction Force Calculation
Plot while solving
External Interfaces
MATLAB ® and Simulink ®
MatWeb ®
Simpleware +ScanFE TM
C and FORTRAN through C omsol Script
SolidWorks ® and Autodesk ® Inventor ® (CAD Impor t Module required)
Java ® (COMSOL Script required)
PSpice (via Netlist File Expor t-Impor t)
Comparison with Experimental Data
ODB++(X) and NETEX-G Impor t and 3D Modeling
CHEMKIN ®
CAPE-OPEN (COMSOL Script required)
CHEMKIN is a registered trademark of Reaction Design.
67
PREDEFINED SINGLE PHYSICS AND MULTIPHYSICS
C o ms o l mu ltip hys ics
C AD import and manipolating Geometries
cad imp o rt and featu res
COMSOL C A C AT
V
C A TIA IA Pro DA
D V4 V5
/E -FS
I
I
I
Im Im
m
m
m
Mu
ltip por t por t por t por t por t
hy Mo M
o Mo Mo Mo
sic
s ® dule dule dule dule dule
Creating and Manipulating Geometries
Free Drawing in 2D (Ellipses, Rectangles, Points, Lines and Bezier Cur ves)
Free Drawing in 3D (Blocks, Cones, Cylinders, Ellipsoids, Spheres, Points and Lines)
Extruding, Revolving and Embedding 2D Faces to 3D Objects
Creating Arrays of Objects
Create Composite Objects using Boolean Algebra
Coerce to Points, Cur ves and Solids in 2D
Coerce to Points, Cur ves, Faces and Solids in 3D
Importing, Repairing and Exporting Geometries
Impor t NASTRAN ® Mesh–Translate them to Geometr y Objects
Impor t MRI, CT and microCT data via Simpleware +ScanFE–Translate them to Geometr y Objects
Impor t STL (.stl) Files
Impor t VRML (.wrl) Files
Impor t 2D DXF (.dxf) Files
Impor t* GDS (.gds) Files
Impor t* Objects from Image Data
Impor t STEP (.stp) Files
Impor t IGES (.igs) Files
Impor t ACIS ®/SAT ® (.sat, .sav, .asab, .asat) Files ODB++(X) NETEX-G Impor t and 3D Modeling ****
Impor t Parasolid ® (.x_t, .x_b) Files
Bidirectional Interface with SolidWorks ®
Bidirectional Interface with Autodesk ® Inventor ®
Geometric parametric sweeps *****
Impor t** CATIA ® V4 (.model) Files
Impor t** CATIA ® V5 (.catpar t, .catProduct) Files
Impor t** Pro/E (.pr t, .asm) Files
Impor t** VDA-FS (.vda) Files
Repair CAD-impor ted Objects
Knit Faces and Fill Gaps
Defeature (remove) Fillets
Defeature (remove) Small Faces
Defeature (remove) Sliver Faces
Defeature (remove) Spikes
Defeature (remove) Shor t Edges
Conversion of Impor ted Geometries to the Parasolid File Format
Expor t*** of Conver ted and Manipulated Parasolid Geometries
* Requires COMSOL Script
** Requires the CAD Impor t Module
*** Only for file formats that are suppor ted by the CAD Impor t Module
**** Only in MEMS, RF and AC/DC Module
***** Requires SolidWorks ® and/or Autodesk ® Inventor ®
Parasolid is a registered trademark of Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc., +ScanFE is a trademark of Simpleware Ltd. SolidWorks is a registered trademark of SolidWorks
Corporation. ACIS and SAT are registered trademarks of Spatial Corp. Other product or brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
68
COMSOL
Numerical Analysis and Visualization
Re
ac
tio Sig
n
COMSOL
Op n En als
tim gin & S
iz ee yst
Sc ation ring ems
rip
L
t ® Lab ab ® Lab
Untyped Programming Language
Datatypes: Matrices (Real/Complex, Full/Sparse), Structures, Objects, ...
Full/Sparse Linear Systems, Eigenvalues, Cholesky, QR
DASPK ODE/DAE Solver
Numerical Quadrature
Data Unalysis using fft and Filters
2D and 3D Graphics
Suppor t for Creating Custom GUIs
Read/Write Text and Binar y Files
Java Interface
Foreign File Interface to C and FORTRAN
Nonlinear Parameter Estimation from Data Sets
Optimization
Nelder-Mead Solver for Unconstrained Optimization
Solvers for Constrained Optimization:
- Linear
- Quadratic
- Nonlinear
- Linear Least Squares
- Nonlinear Least Squares
Signals & Systems
Control System Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Spectral Analysis
Data Preprocessing: Filters, Windowing, and Resampling
Import/Export
MAT Files
XLS Files
WAV Files
Image Files
COMSOL, COMSOL Multiphysics, COMSOL Script and COMSOL Reaction Engineering Lab are registered trademarks of COMSOL AB.
MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of the MathWorks, Inc.
69
DATA, SOLVERS, PROGRAMMING, AND EXTERNAL INTERFACES
C o ms o l s crip t
DVD-bild
kommer 4/9
70
Enhancing the user experience.
The brilliance in Comsol Multiphysics is our
simple philosophy, which transcends all aspects of
the user experience. We are committed to helping our customers get the most from our software. You focus on the modeling; we make sure
your tools are set up to maximize productivity.
Training courses held regularly in your area
focus on introductory, advanced, and applicationspecific levels. They acquaint you with Comsol
Multiphysics and get you up and running in no
time at all, modeling your own specialized applications with ease and confidence.
This commitment starts with a full year of technical support. Our dedicated staff of support
engineers will inspire you to even better solutions.
You also get free access to an extensive online
knowledgebase.
User meetings let you tap into the dynamic
knowledgebase of the rapidly growing Comsol
Multiphysics user community. These meetings are
rich with opportunities to get and provide insight
into leading-edge modeling techniques and
applications.
In addition, you can take advantage of
Comsol´s vast Model Libraries, which include
hundreds of models from different fields of
science and engineering, from benchmarks to
real-world applications.
71
License choices.
A variety of license options meets the requirements of any user, no matter what the size of the
organization or the computer* setup:
Named Single User License (nsl ): A single named
individual may use at most one concurrent session of a Program. You may replace the named
user for the license on a temporary or permanent basis provided that only one individual is
designated as the named user at any given time.
cpu Locked Single User License (cpu ): Any
individual may use one concurrent session of
a Program on a single designated computer at
any given time, working from the console of that
designated computer.
72
Floating Network License (fnl ): At any time you
may have as many sessions of a Program in use
as you have agreed to license. If the Program has
the ability to run as a client and server on separate computers, only the fnl version gives you
the right to use the Program in this configuration.
Only users connected to the network can access
the Program.
Class Kit License (ckl ): As many as 30 concurrent students and two (2) teaching assistants can
participate in a class kit license. This license is for
academic use only.
* Supported platforms: Windows, Linux, Solaris, and Macintosh
NSL
PC
Linux
CPU
FNL
Mac
PC
U n ix
Linux
Mac
Client/Server
Windows Compute
Cluster or
Linux Cluster
License Type
Multiple Computers
Multiple Platforms
Multiple Users
Client/Server
Clusters
nsl
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
cpu
No
No
Yes
No
No
fnl
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
73
74
New development challenges require an open mind.
You also need a tool that supports it.
75
w w w . CO M S OL . c o m