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Psychology Notes

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Explain the influence of emotion on one cognitive process
Outline cognitive process - memory (flashbulb memory)
Memory definition: The mental process of encoding, storing and retrieving information.
Emotion definition: Conscious mental reactions that are directed to a specific object typically
accompanied by behavioural changes in the body
Flashbulb memory: A special memory mechanism; vivid and highly detailed recollection of the
circumstances surrounding witnessing or receiving the news of an unexpected and emotionally
arousing event
Flashbulb memory and how strong emotion plays a role in forming memory
Study: McGaugh and Cahill
Lab experiment
Aim: role of adrenaline and amygdala on emotional memory formation
Procedures: Two groups: 1. Boring story about women going to the hospital visiting her husband
2. Story where a boy was involved in an car accident and his leg was amputated (with vivid details)
exciting story
Two week later - asked to recall specific details of the story
Results: Group 2 demonstrated better recall of specific details of the story
Conclusion: Emotion outlined by the study correlated to the increase of flashbulb memory
Extra information:
The procedure was repeated but group two (exciting story group) was injected with beta blocker call
propranolol that prevented the activation of amygdala
This study can be used in both the biological approach and cognitive approach with some examples:
Hormones
Ethical considerations in research of Hormones and pheromones
Influence of emotion on other cognitive processes
Ethical considerations in research of emotions on cognitive processes
Describe one study that related to schema theory
Definition of schema – cognitive framework or concept that organizes and interprets information
based on previous knowledge; a cluster of knowledge or memory that is stored in the mind
Schema theory: knowledge of the world is organized and categorized, which can influence our
cognition and behaviour.
One study - Cohen et al
Type of study: Lab experiment
IV: What they told the group – the women’s profession
DV: Schema consistent traits recalled
CV: The video itself.
Aim : investigate the influence of schemas and stereotypes on memory
Procedure: 96 students, given a vid, half of the group waitress, half librarian, sophisticated for
librarian and waitress less sophisticated – schema
After watching the video, recall information regarding women’s behaviour
Associated traits with accordance to schemas
More likely to remember schema consistent information’s
This lab experiment by Cohen et al demonstrated that when prompted by different information while
watching the same video, this results in a recall of traits consistent with the schema of the associated
person. “also showing how leading question can affect memory”
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