A DICTIONARY OF MEIN an j language of the Niger Delta, Nigeria M.L. Abegha New version by: Roger Blench DRAFT ONLY Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail rogerblench@yahoo.co.uk http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Cambridge, 07/02/2012 Mein dictionary Preface This document has been put together by Roger Blench from materials left by the late Kay Williamson. Its basis is a dictionary by Mr. M.L. Abegha published in Abegha (1996). It seems to have been typed in a format intended for conversion, with a comparative list of Olodiama terms. However, the conversion did not take place and the Olodiama was never entered. The clustering of sentence examples in the early part of the ms. suggests that there was an intention to further expand it, but it seems this never took place. The editorial process has thus been as follows; 1. Conversion of original text-file to Unicode and table format 2. Correction of English in definitions 3. Entering of field materials of Roger Blench I have added and corrected many of the scientific terms. However, much could be done to expand and correct the dictionary and this may be possible in the future. There are still some unconverted symbols whose interpretation is uncertain. I hope to remedy this in future versions. Roger Blench KWEF Cambridge 07 February 2012 1 Mein dictionary MEIN DICTIONARY Mein a a a a ๠๠ಠṠᲠ᳠᳠á4 áà áàn abá abadá abad abad abad -ar abad -k r abad -okola abad -t kpa abálà abálà-ar abálà-ar abalabálà abál abánmàabán ábèdí ábèdí ábéí abéli bá ab b l ab r ab n ab r Pos prep. prep. prep. prep. pron. pron. poss. pron. pron. poss. pron. pron. pron. poss. pron. excl. excl. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. excl. n. n. n. n. n. English at in on to they them their you your she her her Ah! Oh! (expressing surprise) fish (freshwater) cloth (type) ocean sea vessel (sea-going) sea-sickness curlew lighthouse sail boat sailboat butterfly wedge blindman's buff iguana" Nile monitor lizard you (man)! tonguesole jar type dagger hippopotamus (pigmy) sore ab r b r ab r b r -buru abí-dein (=sei dein) ab ala (ab álà) ab bà ab bà -b m -ba abo n. n. n. Black Crake water-lily night (dark) n. n. n. n. flag yesterday day before yesterday bag abó n. abóbò abóbò abóbò k r n. n. v.p. channel (narrow) of water between an island and the bank wonders admiration marvel 1 Additional Information (2nd pers. pl.) (2nd pers. pl.) Gymnarchus niloticus Varanus niloticus (used to address a man) Cynoglossus spp. Hexaprotodon liberiensis (in between the toes usually caused by wet feet) (woven from raffia or the leaves of screwpine) Mein dictionary Mein abóbò k r aboro aboro aboro-deriowei Ab Pos v.p. n. n. n. n. English wonder membrane (of body) web (of body) spider Aboh áb áb -agba ab k ab k ab k ab r ¹ ab r ² ab r ab ab biri ab biri-emgbou ab biri-emgbou ab k ada¹ ada² adáàn adáda adala adala adein (andei) ad ad d n ad n ad n-s w n. n. n.pl. n.pl. n.pl. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. v.t. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. ad ad a (= t n) Ado adó ad d -biri ad d ad n ad n-ogboolu ad n-ogboolu adu ad ad ad d ad m af ¹ n. n. p.n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. tree calabash faeces stool excreta fish (with a spear) spear-fishing fish sp. back (of body) back backbone spine monkey (general term) paint hover(of a bird) salt grope stumble lose balance horse-fly barn herb knife fold (in the skin of some fat people) channel (narrow, dug-out ) climbing-perch do, Bini basket place (distant) fish sp. wave wave (large) billow clay sullenness horn heart whirlwind free af a. false v.p. n. n. n. whisper galago (dwarf) slip-knot stool ² af fie af f n afi af an 2 Additional Information a people on the Niger having a boundary with Western z n to their east Crescentia cujete (obtained from the áb -tree) Bagrus spp. (medicinal, for treating ulcers) Ctenopoma kingsleyae e.g. Af sukulu ebi kam =Free education is very good. e.g. af egberi =false story; falsehood Galagoides demidovii (?) Mein dictionary Mein af an af an af an-sibe-owei af n af n af nyoun¹ af nyoun² af nyounekpirikpa af af f af gh af r af r af af f l gb n Pos n. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. English faeces excreta night-soil man sweep(nose) blow (nose) broom great-great-grandchild great-great-great-grandchild n. v.i. n. n. n. n. v.p. oil-drum whistle foam breeze wind silver bream drop af ra af r .¹ af r .² af r m af r m aga agáda¹ agáda² agáda-sibe-al kpa agadafinim agadafinim w n agádawei agbá agbá-ag n wei agbáara agbá-b b -teri agbáb gbab ¹ agbáb gbab ² agbada¹ agbada² v.i. v.a. n. v.cs. n. n. n. n. n. a. v. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. froth hot(be) heat warm hammerhead shark knife used for carving fish sp. gun police constable astride stride fish sp. calabash moon (full) side leaf of water-lily cramp (numbness) Hornbill (Laughing) rib floor agbada³ agbada-war agbá-eye agbagbaí agbagbaíghà agba ¹ agba ² agba b agbalakókò agbám agbarókò n. n. n. a. a. v.i. n. n. n. v.t. n. bridge pile-dwelling harpoon compatible incompatible associate (with) companionship companion eagle (river-) put (alongside) snake-eel agb agb agb agb ghà v.t. v.t. .a. .a. suit befit suitable (be) unsuitable (be) Additional Information Citharinus spp. (blossom, to reveal tiny new fruit of plants) 3 Sphyrna spp. Polypterus spp. Polypterus senegalus Bycanistes fistulator (raised, fronds) constructed with palm Calamoichthys (or Erpetoichthys) calabaricus Mein dictionary Mein agb n agb n agb n k r agb n -àgb n agb n gb n Pos n. n. v.i. a. n. agb ngb n agb ngb n buru agbín agbín t a agbobu¹ agbobu² agbobu² agbobu² agbobu³ agb g d agb l (=kotó) n. v.. n. a.. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. English eagle-ray (spotted) rust rust, get rusty rusty cramp (numbness) lasting) boasting (vain) attempt (in vain) girth stout (be) chest (of body) two yards six feet fathom authority fish sp. snail agb agb agb agb agb agb agb agb agb agb agb agb n. n. v. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. ivory bubbles rise (as in bubbles) shoe shoelace shoe-maker cobbler shoe-repairer matches matchstick matchbox shrew sp. ageene agengén agineghá ág ¹ ág ² ag l ag l ago ago agó agóago agógo ágògú ag ag ag ag ag korom n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. spark firefly hog-plum gonorrhoea fish sp. pellet(s) parrot grunt cup mug crab (swimming) green tree sp. lizard respect honour homage relationship(by marriage) consummate a marriage ag t a v.t. respect ag -àra n. sister-in-law l d d pa ka ka-k ka-di ka-m b ka-t l m b ka-t l m b ná ná- mgb ná-wàr n -oke 4 Additional Information Aetobatus narinari (long- Polypterus spp. (type of, small, trimmed like a top and spun for a game mostly by children) with long mouth, black body and hairless tail) Spondias mombin Polypterus sp. Pomadasys peroteti Cardiosoma armatum Carapa procera (know a virgin carnally for the first time) e.g. Yé ag t a kam You are very respectful. Mein dictionary Mein ag -òwei ag m ag n ag n ag n ag n -biyou ag n -biyou fié ag n -biyou-fie ag n - p r ag n -obudou ag n -t r Pos n. v.t. n. n. adv. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. English brother-in-law respect (to show) heaven sky up thunder to roar (of thunder) roar (of thunder) moustache cloud weather ag n weí ag n weí ag n weí-dèin ag n weí-sèri ag r r agún ag ag a ag a ág lá ag l (=ak n¹) n. n. n. v. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. moon month moonlit night miss (periods) chain fufu orange sacrilege profanation stilt ladder ag ra ag ra-p ná-dèin a n. a n yèé aka aka aká¹ aká² aká² aká³ aká-èdumu akáf akáf akábàrabárà n. n. excl. excl. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. star starlit night no no! (emphatic) carve engrave tooth edge side maize, corn corn-cob grind (teeth) grinding (of the teeth) ant akágb n aka n¹ aka n² akama akan¹ akan² akana akanakárabi ri akar akar akátud n akát ab akáwèi akáya nm -tun ak n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. decay (dental) thatch iron sheet(corrugated) bee monkey (putty-nosed) kola (bitter) move (round about) middle proverb parable toothache dentist mamba (green) hat (felt) wall (of a city) Additional Information e.g. Ag n di=Look at the heaven e.g. Ag n di=Look at the sky e.g. Ag n di=Look up. e.g. Ag n -t r m weather is not good. ebigha The Citrus aurantium (with a single pole and footholds used by palmwine tappers) 5 Zea mays (type of, yellow, found inside a dry tree) Cercopithecus nictitans Garcinia kola Mein dictionary Mein ak d ak k ak l k l Pos n. n. n. English ulcer monkey (white-throated) African Darter n. n. n. n. n. day (after the market-day) day (before the market-day) market-day basket (type of) fishing aki n. tree sp. ak ak ak l l v.t. v.t. n. ak y akóko ak ak (ak ) ak d màk d ak l ak l ak l b b ak l k akpa akpaarákpà akpada akpa - n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i akpá -akpa akpa -akpá akpa kpa akpálakpà-fun ákpàl akpákpam akpara akpárakpa (=oziko) akpé¹ adj. adv. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. receive accept slimy, slippery (in appearance) bile fish (freshwater) Hemichromis fasciatus fruit (used as marble) fish sp. (freshwater) Heterotis niloticus fish (freshwater) Pantodon buchholzi walking-stick rod parrot (grey) Psittacus erithacus squirrel (giant forest) Protoxerus stangeri bag beetle shrimp (large) Macrobrachium vollen-hevenii hide (oneself beside something) shy (become) shyly (behave) grasshopper canna (wild) Marantochlea spp. frog bully swamp mat v.t. akpé² akp ¹ akp ² akp -tun akp d akp r akpotú akpotú akpotú n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. akpotúfà akpoweí a. n. ak ak ak ak ak n-b m ba n-lámi `ba nba r r -t Additional Information Cercopithecus erythrogaster (long-necked, that dives for fish) Anhinga rufa (in which a basket is immersed in the river for some time and drawn out for a catch (type of, used as firewood) Cynometra vogelii carry on a pole across shoulder pole for carrying jar (big, earthen) spleen cap (Eton) accordion, organ basket trouble calamity catastrophe, tragedy, disaster, adversity, harm harmless corkwood tree Musanga cecropioides 6 Mein dictionary Mein akp ¹ akp ² akp ² akp ³ akp akp k akp l kp l akp r akp ya akp ya akp ya -t a-ago akp akp b l akp r ak ¹ ak ² Pos v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. ak a. ak ak ak ak ak ás ma ás ma là ma-ak ma n¹ (=ag l ) n. n. n. pron. n. ak n² ak n t a ala alá n. v. n. v. ala-beni alagba alagbakara alághà n. n. n. adv. alápa alápa-ap a aléi alele al gh n. n. n. n. v.i. al al al al v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. m m m m al l ¹ al l ² al l m aló al al l al l ¹ ¹ ¹ ² n. n. v.t. a. n. a. a. English expectorate, spit world universe ironwood needle (for weaving net) lizard (male) bulbul (common) midrib of raffia frond expectoration sputum, phlegm sputum mug chest breast boot part tree (like the bush mango, but with bitter fruit) bitter (be) Additional Information Pycnonotus barbatus e.g. an ak =that part also ak -ogbein=bitter mango ?Panda oleosa e.g. Yè eken ak diri bougha=I can't drink bitter medicine. bubo inflammation (of the groin) leech one another ladder (used by palm-wine tappers) selfishness selfish (be) salt-water far (be) e.g. M y duo mu n war lam alagha=My house is not far from here. salt-water, brine gun iroko (tree) Chlorophora excelsa soon e.g. Wò alagha timi boom n =He will come soon. jellyfish sword fish sp. ‘chub’ Brycinus macrolepidotus plume sham, pretend e.g. Á f al gh min =She pretends to be dead. deceive delude dupe cause e.g. Te k wò al m b l seima a? =What caused his annoyance? plate iron sheet (corrugated) allure furious (become) cloth (white) slimy slippery 7 Mein dictionary Mein al ¹ al ² alu al kpa -ama ama¹ ama¹ sin ama² ama² b ra amá amá k m amá k m amá nanab amá nanaowei amá otu ámá Pos v.i. n. n. n. suff. n. v.p. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. voc. amata amátu amaw n amaw n amaw n -ere amaw n -otu-war ambá ambá ambádiya amb n.f. n. n. n. n.f. n. n. n. n.pl. n. amb amb amgba¹ amgba² amgba² amgba-okeke amgbalókù amgbeelé amgb àm n am n ¹ am n ² am n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. pron. pron. pron. v.i. English cough cough block print court messenger article (indefinite plural) confession confess right right hand town townsman citizen ruler ruler (male) townspeople you (woman)! (used to address a woman) woman who has no husband city fornication prostitution prostitute, harlot, whore brothel belly bowels intestines pompano, (saltwater, very much like the horsemackerel) nettle turtle (river-) cheek keg barrel jaw mumps tsetse-fly shrink they she you (pl.) ebb amu am am m am m án n. n. n. v. excl. monkey (Mona) dizziness housefly ashamed (feel) oh! (expressing surprise) ana ana n. possessive aná ¹ possessive Additional Information e.g. war ama =houses (usu. in combinations) (only in combinations) Alectis or Trachinotus spp. Urticaceae Trionyx triunguis e.g. Beni am - nd =The tide has started ebbing. Cercopithecus mona e.g. Erema ebi bra an!=Oh! How nice the lady is! croaker Pseudotolithus spp. theirs (( contraction of àn ya e.g. Bo g gb sabo àna =These pens are theirs. yours (plural) (when more contraction of an ya e.g. An 8 Mein dictionary Mein Pos English than one thing) aná ² possessive hers anda n. andá anda sin v.i. v. anda -èbi a. anda -sèi a. anda-sin-t b n. andád b anda andákiri andei and and . and sèim and - gba n. v.i. n. n. n. n. v. n. angá¹ angá² angála¹ angála² angarangugu angarangugu t a angásara angásara-emgbou ang ang l ang l anghá anghá yè ang r ang r n. v.t. n. n. n. v.p. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. excl. excl. a. a. ang ang ang ang ang ang n. v. v. v. a. a. sickness some children suffer from as a result of having too much contact with their mothers during pregnancy wrestle said of a child whose mother has given birth to another child after it said of a woman whose subsequent pregnancies occur at well-spaced intervals said of a woman whose subsequent pregnancies occur too soon child whose mother has had another child subsequently wrestler (expert) curve wrestling field horse-fly (=adein) four hundred face disfigure (the face) mark (tribal, seen on the noses of some elderly people) side run (a home) mangrove Rhizophora spp. charcoal greediness greedy (be) side (of the body) rib egg caress play love no no! (emphatic) fermented sour (of fruit or palm-wine, not soup) body suicide (to commit) feeble (be) frail (be) clean (be) independent (be) ba b b di¹ di² 9 Additional Information funbo aná =Those books are yours (plural). contraction of an ya e.g. Bo b d bo aná = These clothes are hers. Mein dictionary Mein ang d bam ang d bam ang eyerim ang k r ang - s an ang - s an ang di¹ ang di² ang fà ang fà ang gba ang gba n ang r ang sèrií¹ ang sèrií² ang sèrií ghà ang s w ang s w gha ang s r ye angulut r angulut r k n dí aníni an ¹ an ¹ an ² Pos v.p. v.p. v.p. v. n. n. n. n. a. a. n. a. v.i. n. n. a. a. a. n. n. v.p. n. v.t. v.t. dem. English vain (be) haughty (be) humble (be) prepare artery vein cleanliness independence sick ill ostentation chaste snore fever (high) erection (sexual) impotent (sexually) modest immodest sponge frown frown at tenth (of a penny) flay skin that an ³ dem.ind. that an 4 poss.pron. their an ¹ poss.pron. your an ² an dùón an dùón an à an ábà an ábà an brá an brá an dáà an gha timíà an gha timíà an gha timíà an gha timíà an na an na-bowei an na-ekpudu an na-gbal -owei an na-t b an na-war àn poss.pron. conn. conj. conj. conn. conn. conj. conj. conj. conj. conj. conn. conn. n. n. n. n. n. n. poss. her because (of that) therefore then if so that being so so thus but otherwise unless if not or else sheep shepherd flock (of sheep) shepherd lamb sheepfold theirs 10 Additional Information e.g. An fun k n yar = Bring me that book. e.g. An w r ò pr = Leave that for him. e.g. An amam ebi ka k gbam =Their town is said to be very good. (2nd pers. pl.)e.g. an ar bo=your (pl.) names e.g. an t b =her child (plural possessor, singular object) contraction of àn ye Mein dictionary Mein an ¹ Pos poss. English yours an ² an b an y apada apada ápàla apapa apapa apébi apébi-gb sa apele apere ap d ap r rú apípi ap a ap a-ab ap an ap an t a ap anp an poss. conj. adv. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. n. v.i. & t. n. n. n. v.t. n. ap at a ap p apó ap ap ap ap ap p r tu ap n. v.t. n. v.i. & t. v.i. & t. n. n. n. n. ap ya arághà arághà arágha arán aránùán aránùán ara n. v.t. v.t. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. hers then there boast brag axe plank board bow arrow shoulder belch fish (types of) nail (iron) fumble matchet, machete, cutlass scabbard ordeal try (by ordeal) hornbill (Black-and-WhiteTailed) fencing squeeze pocket flower bloom snare trap groin monkey (red-capped mangabey) flower shirk avoid (work) design germ roast (superficially or lightly) singe (hair of dead animal) woman arere arerefa arerepa arerepa ar ¹ ar ² ar n. a. a. a. v.t. n. n. profit, gain profitless profitable lucrative speak speech name ar fà ar gha ar r a. a. n. nameless speechless ringworm (of the scalp) Additional Information (pl. possessor, sg. contraction of an ye contraction of an ye object) mormyrid Tockus fasciatus Cercocebus torquatus only used after a qualifier, therefore tone cannot be identified) e.g. m ara`u= this woman e.g. Te k en ar a?=What is your name? 11 tinea capitis Mein dictionary Mein ar r arí arí d n aríd n aríd nd nb arigo arigo aríri aríri-akp r aríri-akp aríri-t r ar ar ar n ar r ar r aru aru-b ra aru-embi aru-embi-opoolo ar ar ar ar k r m ar -okoun ar -okoun ar - fan ar - fank r mowei ar - k l ar - k l ar gb l wei ar m -engulei asa¹ Pos v.i. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. English spread (gradually) cunning malinger malingering malingerer buoy float fish-net float (of fish-net) needle mesh (of fish-net) see find razor cool down (in mind) water-lettuce garb, garment, costume sleeve button button-hole boat canoe barque steer seat (rower's) thwart stern steersman n. n. n. n. adv. bow(s) prow woodpecker tadpole abroad asa² asába asa n asa n-war asá sa asi asi t b asisi as ba as n as n pá as n-às n as n-b n as nfà as nfà as ngba as ngba-f n as nkpò n. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. a. n. a. a. n. n. n. side (of a river that is steep) step over war-medicine war-medicine shrine kingfisher (pied) horse foal, colt drift-net hoe blood bleed bloody dysentery bloodless anaemic gun caps clot (of blood) Additional Information e.g. Bo n ar =Come and see me. e.g. Bo n ar =Come and find me. Pistia stratiotes e.g. Wó fun k n wó k m bo n asa emi ya bo g d m n =We want to write to our people abroad. 12 Ceryle rudis Mein dictionary Mein as nmàkpo as sa as sa-gb sa as saghá Pos n. n. n. n. English clot (of blood, internal) umbrella spoke kapok-tree, silk-cotton tree as saghá-ègbele as s as ya as n asú as ma as ma as ma-owei as ma as makara-aka ata n. v.i. & t. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. v.i. & t. n. n. kapok abrade man (young) soap punting-pole shape mould blacksmith hiss canine (tooth) anchor atakala atangbalá n. n. hat (straw) ant at at at b at m t m at m at n at r at r at r at nl bulou at nl buloudumou at at at s at s at w n avinvín av n v.i. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. expose (to shame)? net (landing-) overload wasp (mason) bring shame on guinea-fowl vale valley dell armpit hair (axillary) n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. av ya av av av f awanran n. n. n. v.t. and v.i. n. awawa aw n aw n aw r awó fie awó fie n. v.t. n. n. v.i. n. fish-trap earth whitlow felon thicket dragonfly come to light (of a hidden matter) lust covenant treaty covenant season of the year comprising the seventh and the eighth months tree-hyrax Dendrohyrax arboreus skim leech genet (general) ‘fox’ Genetta spp. rave delirium Additional Information Bombax buonopozense or Ceiba pentandra e.g. Bekear m ata d n m n =The ship is weighing anchor. (type of, black, living in groups in the ground, whose eggs resemble rice and which has a painful sting) 13 Numida meleagris Mein dictionary Mein awó fie aw awuún¹ awuún² aw aw s gha ayá ayá-àw ye ayá-t b ayán. ayán- gba (=and gba) ayanma¹ n. n. n. n. a. a. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. English Additional Information raving children yawn yawn(ing) air airtight new (be) convulsion(s) baby (newborn) face mark (tribal, on nose of some elderly people) hot e.g. Benim ayanma lagha=The water is not hot enough. fish sp. Gobioides stupidity foolishness folly stupid foolish silly fool butterfish Schilbeidae shrimp (ghost) bride fish (freshwater) Hemichromis bimaculatus bridesmaid n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. God coal ladyfish bicycle bike jigger pepper (black, West African) fan bá¹ bá² bá³ bá4 baara bababa v.t. conj. adv. n. n. adj kill and again abura (tree) dry season dumbfounded bab badá badába ba ¹ n. v.t. n. v.i. louse (pubic) carve (roughly) nest (ants') dawn ayanma² ay b ay b ay b ay b -k r ay b -k r ay b -k r ay b -k m ay n áyòló ayóro¹ ayóro² ayórotugbal t b Áyòú ay n azá azígère azígère azingá az za azúzu Pos n. n. v.i. n. n. a. a. n. n. n. n. a. Elops (or Alestes baremose?) Tunga penetrans Piper guineense B e.g. Ba mu k m =Don't go again. Mitragyna spp. e.g. Al kpaowei bo war mi a s m; pak bo bababa k timid =The policeman entered my house; I was dumbfounded. 14 e.g. Dein ba bod =The day is dawning. Mein dictionary Mein ba ² Pos n. English break (of day) ba -k ba n ba n ekéleke desi ba n n. v.i. v.i. conj. star (morning) run run (helter-skelter) or bala balabala¹ balabala¹ balabala² bán¹ bán² baná bánm ¹ bánm ² bar ¹ bar ² bar ³ ba ba ba bé bebéle bebéle bebeleí bebeleí bebére bebereí beín¹ a. a. a. n. a. v.i. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. adv. n.f. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.i. v.t. v.i. a. proud pale yellow twilight (morning) blind (be) tarnished (be, as of gold) tough (be) blind slant repeat revoke again daughter bruise strike rock bend tip up bend tip up falter falter full (be) beín² beín² beínm beínya beínya fà Beke v.t. v.t. v.t. n. a. n. bear fruit fructify fill fruit fruitless English beke-ar beke-ayan beke-buru beke-di beke-endi beke-esag g beke- mbadaka beke-nama beke-ogbein beke-oke beke-osi beke- d n beke-wuru beni n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. steamboat, ship mask breadfruit twine fish (tinned) breadnut biscuits beef (corned) mango rabbit bamboo (Indian) pomade gin water 15 Additional Information e.g. Te ba k é m a wò ar ma?=On what day did you see him? e.g. Em n sukulu t b ba n , tolum b a?=Are you a student or a teacher? e.g. Ad m buru buru k emi=The barn is full of yams. bein e.g. ÌBeke nagha=I understand English. don't Artocarpus altilis Bambusa vulgaris Mein dictionary Mein beni bile beni biri beni d se beni d s beni koro beni korom beni-ap a beni-ariri beni-béni beni-ókodi beni-okubo beni-seiye benibileb benibiri-war benikoro benik n Pos v.i. v.i. n. v.i. a. v.i. n. n. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. beniw n -agb ka bere¹ n. v.t. adv. bere² n. berebe n. berebe-gb sa n. berebe-ta n. berebe-youya berémba (=b d - n. erein-ba ) a. berému n. beri n. beri fàn a. beri k r English Additional Information dive bathe thirst thirsty (be) e.g. Beni d s m n =I am thirsty. circumcised (be) circumcise fish (largehead hairtail) Trichiurus leptrurus seine-net watery dory, spadefish Chaetodipterus lippei water-skater water-snake diver bathroom circumcision snake (water-, of the black cobra family) rainboot admire e.g. War m ebi k m berem n =I am admiring the beauty of the building. here plantain plantain-fruit plantain sucker sap (of plantain) day before yesterday supine ear caution hard (of hearing) beri t a peí beri t a peí beri-d n beri-f n beri-sooloye beriya beriye b b b b d b d b l¹ b l² v.i. v. t. n. n. n. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. adv. n. v.t. pay attention to heed earache earwax earring rejoice enjoy order bid command gently language turn b n¹ v.i. cross b n² v.t. go through b n³ b n4 v.t. (=ad n- n. pass (an exam) folds (in the skin of some fat 16 e.g. K m m beri k r man is hard of hearing. emi=The e.g.And b l d a=Turn your face to me, or, Face me. e.g. Na b n k m , moto bom n =Don't cross yet, a motor-car is coming. e.g. À ogele gban ama b nm = They paraded through the town. Mein dictionary Mein s w ) b nm b l b l t m ye b n b n b nm b nm b r ¹ b r ² b r -ere b r -ere-t b b r bi bi-eye¹ bi-eye² bi-eye² biberin¹ biberin¹ biberin² biberin³ biberin³ biberin³ biberin kirí biberin-kiríb biberin-kiríb biberinfa bib bi bile¹ bile² bilem bin¹ bin¹ bin² bin ¹ bin ¹ bin ² birí¹ birí² birí³ birí4 birí4 birí bein birí efiri birí efiri birí koro birí korom biríba biríkoro biríkorom -diri birikú birikú birím biríp na¹ Pos n. n. n. adv. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. v.t. v.i. v.t. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. a. n. v.i. v.i. v.t. quant. quant. quant. v.i. v.t. v.t. (?) n. n. n. v.i. v.i. a. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.t. n. n. n. a. a. v.t. a. English people ) opposite (side) pot (cooking-) hob soon come together assemble gather buy (a woman to marry) case wife (slave) child born of b r -ere open (to widen, as canoe) ask request divination soothsaying answer agree believe faith belief credence misbelieve misbeliever heretic faithless question sink dive sink many much plenty beat (of heart) beat (drum) masquerade (?) belly section middle dress array satisfied (with food) disembowel rip (belly) abort abort two days after market-day abortion abortifacient cloudy dark bathe holy 17 Additional Information Mein dictionary Mein biríp na¹ biríp na² biríp na² birípuzi birísèi¹ birísèi² birísèrí biyóu biyóunama b ba¹ b ba² b baghá bb b b -pa bb tb bb¹ bb² bb³ b b ambelem Pos a. n. n. n. a. n. n. n. n. v.i. a. a. a. n. a. & adv. n. n. n. v.t. bb b m b b emepa b b gbele b b gbele bb p l bb p l b b wa m b b wa m b b -ap ran b b -b m b b b -b l -aka b b -endoru¹ b b -endoru¹ b b -endoru² b b -endoru² b b -f r b b -f r b b -gbeleb b b -gbeleb b b -k m l -àp di b b -odu b b -p l b b b -teriye b b -teriye bbm b bbn bbn bbn bbp l bd b d gb n bd p b d di b d oku v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.p. v.i. v. t. n. n. n. a. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. prep. prep. prep. a. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. English Additional Information saintly holiness sanctity caesarian (section) wicked wickedness colic (intestinal) land duiker (yellow-backed) Cephalophus silvicultor heal (of wound) cooked (of food; done) under-cooked different difference alone mouth word case misrepresent (another's words) interpret pout proclaim announce decide give verdict reply answer lip interpreter incisor (tooth) reticent reserved reticence reservation breath (offensive) halitosis town-crier announcer fish sp. Mormyrus rume (=ezúmu) lip judge cover lid litigant on account of because of for brimful cloth sew wash (clothes) thread bedbug 18 Mein dictionary Mein b d gb n ara b d gb n owei b d gb nye b d p ara b d p owei b d war ¹ b d war ² b n¹ b n¹ b n² b n-apaara b n³ b n pei b n pei b n-diri b n-d n b n-gba n b n- kp n b n-opoolo b n-p r b n-t aye b n-war b nya b na b na b na-ara b na-owei b nab b rá b rá b rá àk b rá k n k m pèlem b rá pèle b rá si be b rá z w b rá-àb b rá-b l b rá-èmemei b rá- g l b rá- mgb sa b rá-k n b rá-kùbu b rá-t r b rá-zàbala- t p r b ráb ráòmumulu b rágbà n b rágbà n b rágbàna-kas b rásèríi b rásèríi Pos n.f. n. n n.f. n. n. n. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. v.p. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. English Additional Information seamstress tailor needle washerwoman washerman piece (of cloth) 20k; florin=2s (?) stool defecate buttocks, bum, arse buttock oath take an oath swear purgative diarrhoea constipation rump anus rectum bedpan latrine faeces, stool, dung, manure, excrement, shit relationship brotherhood sister brother relative arm hand shake hands snap (one's fingers at somebody) clap (hands) menstruate scramble back (of the hand) hand finger-nail elbow finger wrist palm wrist-bone potto or angwantibo Perodicticus potto, Arctocebus calabarensis spider (trap-door) a. a. n. n. n. stingy close-fisted armchair triumph victory n. n. n.f. n. n. n. n. v.p. v.i.. v.t. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. 19 Mein dictionary Mein b rásèríi b rási n b rát a b ráyà nm b ráyà nm b ráz brk -bo bó¹ bó² bodobodo boí bomú bomú Pos n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. a. suff. v.i. dem. a. n. n. n. English success leave help elbow (inside of) cubit span embarrassed (become) the come these tender egret (white) mat mat bomúpal ború boruboru boruboru bosú bosúm bosúm bou bou boú¹ boú² bou-abá bou-ap d bou-ay n bou-obiri bou-obori bou-oke bou-oke boúbou bounana owei bousei bowei b b b b bo b d b d b d b d b d b d b l b m ¹ b m ¹ b m ² b m ³ b b b b m n. n. a. a. a. v.t. v.t. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. clitic v.i. & t. v.i. & t. adv. v.i. a. a. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. a. v.t. flounder cane (type of) tender soft wet wet soak forest bush drink smoke fish sp. fish sp. fish sp. Jackal (Side-striped) bushbuck animal bush-rat pupa (of beetle) leopard leopard flood (annual) agree someone pass surpass too much (be) shrivel tender soft meek borrow pardon forgive escort pass soft soft soften 20 Additional Information (plural definite article) Egretta and Ardeola spp. (used as a dam to prevent passage of fish) (=bou-ap d ) Mormyrops deliciosus Mormyrops deliciosus (=bou-abá) Siluranodon auritus ?Canis adustus Tragelaphus scriptus Panthera pardus Mein dictionary Mein b n¹ b n² b n³ brá¹ brá² bubó buboru buboru bulóu¹ bulóu² bulóu³ bulóu àk t a bulóu-a-gbi ni bulóu-à-t áyè bulóu- mgb bulóu- mgb bulóup ná¹ bulóup ná¹ bulóup ná² bulóup ná² bulóusèi bún bunú bunúbùnú buré buru buru-f -aka burú¹ burú² burú² buríburi burukúù burukúù b `¹ b ² b ³ b biri b birit a b b b b le-owei b d n b d nye b f b l b l b l b l sèi b l seim b l seim b l `¹ b l ² b l a mu b l a mu b l -a-ama Pos v.t. n. n. v.t. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. a. a. n. n. a. a. n. a. n. n. n. v.t. prep. prep. a. a. a. n. n. n. n. a. n. n. a. n. a.v. ? a. ? n. a. v.t. v.t. n. n. v.i. v.i. a n. English Additional Information thatch (a roof) honey ten-pounder fish Elops lacerta forget way paint (the body with camwood) evening eve inside heart compound hope determination bullet hernia rupture holy saintly holiness sanctity wicked old hair (grey) full (of grey hair) duiker (black-fronted) Cephalophus nigrifrons yam milk teeth pursue towards to dirty (very) cloudy blurred fish-pond self of one's own accord girth stout gate gateman difficult difficulty accustomed to (be) first temper vexed (be) tease annoy front tongue progress advance aborigines (original inhabi21 Mein dictionary Mein koro-otu b l k r b l k rb b m b n ¹ b n ² b n -d n b n y b r b r b r f n b r b r b r b r ¹ b r ¹ b r ² b r ² b r owei b r owei b r owei b tb b t a-èbi b t asèi b t asèi b b -edidan b -ememei b -emgb sa b -kubu b -ogbo b -ow b -toun b -t r b ze¹ b ze² b zem Pos v.t. n. n. v.i. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.i. v.i. & t. v.i. & t. n. n. n. n. n. reflex. pron. a. a. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. English tants) lead leader sandbank sleep have sex sleeping-sickness sleeping-place grate oven ashes putrefy decompose rot predict prophesy prophecy prediction diviner prophet oracle oneself fat lean emaciated leg sole (of the foot) toenail toe foot shin footpath heel ankle ashamed (be) shame put to shame Additional Information (used with m ) D dá¹ dá¹ dá² dá² dá² dá² dabá dabóu Dádà dádi dádi dádi dádi ye v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. angle catch copy ape imitate mimic store kola-nut Papa try test examine trial (fish with hook and line) (for palm wine esp. in the bush) 22 Mein dictionary Mein da . da dá dán dán danghá ¹ danghá ¹ danghá ² danghá m dar ¹ dar ² dar d b dar m da da -biri Pos v.t. a. v.i. & t. v.i. & t. v. a. n. v.t. v.i. n. n. v.t. n. n. da fa da -t r -a-saf gha da -war dawa ¹ dawa ² dawa b dáye dáye ogu beri dáyef dáyef dé¹ dé² dei dei deí deidéi deinm ¹ deinm ² deín¹ a. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. n. v.t. v.t. v.i. a. v.t. v.i. v.i. deín² deín-as ns n deín-leb deínba deínba -b m -ba deínba `yà wó ar yòo! dení derí n. n. n. n. n. excl. English Additional Information weave twisted tread trample be long lengthy length lengthen boil scolding nagger scold father quarters (or town of one's father) fatherless leaf-fish family (of one's father) learn dream learner fishing-rod barb bait (for fish) hook proud pride change alter change (itself) changeable respond (to), reply (to) pour (into) become night e.g. Erein deinn =It has got dark; (fig.) We are now in a mood for battle/a state of crisis. night cricket night-watchman tomorrow day after tomorrow good night! a. v.t. benumbed weave desi dem n owei -d , -d d ¹ d ² v.t. & i. n. aff. v.t. v.t . skip, jump, leap guinea-worm perfect tense display articles for sale see a forbidden thing d ³ d b v.i. a. die (of sacred thing) quiet (be) e.g. Ogbom kana derim n = Ogbom is weaving a basket. 23 e.g. a naked menstruating woman, or a sacred animal dead Mein dictionary Mein -d (-d ) Pos aff. English suffix (denoting tense) d v.t. carry (in the arms) Additional Information perfect e.g. Pita bod =Peter has come (-d is more in use by older people, -d by younger ones) e.g. Timi t b d w r pr ar m =I saw Timi carrying a child in her arms. d d d d d d n¹ n² n² n³ n³ n4 v.t. v.t. v.t. a. a. v.i. exceed excel surpass tired (be) weary (become) bore d d d d d d d d n4 n5 n5 n5 ngha ngha m m v.i. n. n. n. a. a. n. v.t. tire weariness tiredness fatigue tireless indefatigable insult cause to see a mysterious thing laugh laughter spill spilled (be) pour (water on) look behold string rope cane pity despise hang (oneself) fifteen e.g. Dia k ra pad wó gbelei w r bo m lam =It has been fifteen years since we last met. bury swampy marshy mire marsh quagmire fifteen e.g. Gbaye nd na fun k é m f ma? P nawei Die=Gbaye How many books did you buy? Pinawei Fifteen. clemency, mercy, leniency dark sorry! (expression of sympathy) medicine drug d r¹ d r² d s d s d sm di di dí¹ dí¹ dí² di ekpéde di seim dí t a dia v.i. n. v.t. a. v.i. v.i. v. t. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. num. dibi dibií dibií dibiíy dibiíy dibiíy die v.t. a. a. n. n. n. num. dienéni dikóò dílà dirí dirí n. a. excl. n. n. 24 e.g. Egberi gba ala seribo s peiotu d nm n =Lengthy story-telling always bores listeners. Mein dictionary Mein dirí gbeinye dirí gbeinye dirí g dirí g -ere dirí g wei dirí g wei dirim ¹ dirim ² dirim kobuyóú diseín disíi n(=d ) díyè d d dá d al d am d am ye db ddm ¹ ddm ² d d m -d d m d d d d pr d pr d pr yè d pr yè dn d ná d na ds ds d s pi d s pi gha dy d ¹ d ¹ d ² doru doru dótèi dowei d d d d g d la d l d n¹ d n¹ d n¹ d n² d n³ Pos n. n. n. n. n. n. v. n. n. v.i. n. a. aux. v.t. a. v.t. n. n. v.t. prep. adv. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. excl. excl. n. n n n. n. n. a. n. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.i. v.t. n. English amulet talisman witchcraft witch witch-doctor wizard black (be) black(ness) fish sneeze peaceful bullet skilled (be, in something) able (to) show direct portend omen adept push next to (be) one after another share divide apportion offer present gift offering mow push semen like desire continence incontinence half hail! I salute(greetings!) ? hair (type of) hair (on the chest) jocose insults ladyfish, ‘salmon’ earthworm cold (very) jug few bit ill (be) sick (be) out of sorts (be) hurt malady, disease, ailment, 25 Additional Information Labeo coubie (contraction of yadó) Elops sp. Mein dictionary Mein Pos d ngha d ngha d n d n ya d nm d ny -pud b d nz d nz -war d nz -war d nz b d d n(also d w n) d r ¹ d r ² d d d d pám d gha¹ d gha² d n d -pám b dú¹ dú² dú² dú ak dú-ak -ara dú-ak -owei dú-b d dú-ere dú-yei dududu dudum dumou¹ dumou² dumóu duo¹ duo² duo³ duo duweí duweíy d ¹ d ² d ³ d 4 d 5 d áma d ba¹ d ba² d bam d bam d fà a. a. v.i. n v.t. n. n. n. n. n. a. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. v.i. n. n. v.i. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. a. v.t. n. n. n. v.t. prep. prep. prep. v.i. n. v.t. n. v.t. n. n. n. v. n. v.t. v.t. a. English illness, sickness, infirmity painless healthy worry (of evil spirit) poltergeist sicken surgeon medication infirmary; hospital healer, doctor, physician cool (be) chewing-stick barracuda mast seek want look for discover unwanted abound grub discoverer mourn inheritance legacy inherit heiress heir clothes (for mourning) wife (inherited) husband (inherited) warm (moderately) warm s.t. spear great-grand-child hair expel from (be) through for sprain sprain chew tale withstand end east underworld, spirit land great (be) greatness magnify honour endless 26 Additional Information Sphyraena spp. Mein dictionary Mein d fà d gba d gbab d n d n b d n b ye d n d n -d n d n -d n d n m ¹ d n m ¹ d n m d n d n d w d w dibi d w y nm d w -dein-koru d w -dibi-bou d w -dibi-bou d w -dumou Pos a. n. n. n. v.t. n. v.t. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. d d d d d d d d d n. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. English Additional Information limitless story-telling story-teller lake portend omen pull tetanus lockjaw worry harass join (two ends together) quarrel brawl dead body, corpse bury (the dead) cremate wake-keeping cemetery graveyard hair (downy, of newborn babies) dirge incubus nightmare coffin grave exhume second burial mortuary winding-sheet, shroud pron. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. n. n. n. n. you eaves tribe, nation, clan ruler governor admiration charm, charisma Atlantic humpback dolphin handsome fine nice comely beautiful be good elegant handsomeness comeliness beauty goodness w w w w w w w w w -dum -edi -edi -ekpedi -ogugu sou -t m -t a-war -z la-b d E é ebara ebe ebediowei ebediowei eberebere ebéri ye ebeze ebi¹ ebi¹ ebi¹ ebi¹ ebi¹ ebi¹ ebi¹ ebi² ebi² ebi² ebi² 27 2nd pers. sg., subject and object) Sousa teuszii Mein dictionary Mein ebi² ebi³ ebi³ ebi d ebi m ebiésèni ebim edém fú edí ée efeere efiín efín efírein efiri efíri efíri efiri f efiri f efirií efiyeí efíyèn efíyèn k r Pos n. n. n. v.p. a. n. v.t. n. n. excl. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.i. v.i. v.i. n. v.i. efíyèn t a efúrou egbe egbebirilapa egbegbe egbegí v.t. n.. n. n. n. n. English elegance kindness favour dress kind (be) lung-fish, mud-fish bless shrimp water chevrotain yes fish sp. boundary weal (caused by blow) chaff vengeance rip cut open (bowels) revenge retaliate leak conspire tobacco take (a pinch of snuff or tobacco) snuff (tobacco) intestine cask hoop (iron, for casks) velvet synodont catfish (freshwater) egbéi egbéi egbéi egbeifar egbeka b egbelé egbelegbélè egbelegbélè-bin ana egbelegbélè-bin b egberi egberi egberigbab egberi(sibe)gbáw n egberi(sibe)gbáw n b egbezu-aru egbídigbi egbínè égbi nríki egbómu egbón v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. land (of boat) run against run upon file cooper amulet trumpet Canary drum (fish) n. n. n. n. n. trumpeter story tale story-teller tale-bearing n. tale-bearer n. n. n. n. n. n. overcoat bulk waist-beads fish (small fat) bell effort 28 Additional Information Protopterus annectens Hyemoschus aquaticus Distichodus rostratus Nicotiana rustica (=opóroki á) Synodontis batensoda, S. membranaceus Umbrina canariensis Phractolemus ansorgei Mein dictionary Mein egbón egbón gb n egbón gb n egbunukú egbunukú-m b egbúru egédè egeni egeni egeni egéni egeni-s -ara egeni-s -owei egere egére egere-yab egérebi nás egírèn egírèn egírèn egírèn s egírènb egírènb egírènb egírèns egirid n egirigisi Pos n. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n.f. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.p. n. n. n. a. n. n. egodo egodo-gb sa egógo ególi ególi ególiwar egorigo egoroí eká n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. ekáb káb eka n ekánb rá ekáwa n. n. n. n. ekedeghe n. ekedeí ekéin. ekéin sà ekeke v.i. n. v.p. n. ekemu ekén n. aux. English exertion exert effort struggle hooliganism hooligan cover-cloth (big) quarter (of town) visitor guest stranger freckles hostess host crocodile drum (long) pen-fish tailor-ant hostility enmity feud be feuding with adversary enemy foe inimical palsy (shaking) Greater Cane-rat, ‘grasscutter’ padlock key fish-trap (type of) fetters shackles prison bell roam (about lawlessly) pot (big, earthen, for reserving palm-wine) chewing-gum termite fiddler crab grandchild (of two slaves, who bears the relation of great-grandchild to the owner) circle (or ring to rest waterpot on) chip cloth gird up one's loins pieces (of broken canoe, pot, etc.) root able to (be) 29 Additional Information Thryonymys swinderianus Uca sp. (type of, woven from raffia fibre) Mein dictionary Mein ekén ekén-eken ekén-eken ekí ekídibòu ekie ekíe. ekie-ere ekie-ere-t b ekíem ekirín¹ ekirín² ekíse ekísi ekísi ekísi ekísiin ek an ek an ek an k n ek ank n-owei ek ra nbra-t b ekó ekóki ekolokólò ekpadagha ekpadagha-sibeotu ekpadagha-teribd ekpe ekpé¹ ekpé² ekpé² ekpe-gbala ekpé-k m ekpéde ekpédi ekpédi-f r m ye ekpére ekpese n. v.i. n. n. v.t. n. ekpidí ekpíiri¹ ekpíiri² ekpíiri³(=es ekpíiri-kas ekpín ekpúdu ekú¹ ekú² ekú³ ekú sa n. v.t. n. n.pl. n. v.i. n. excl. a. n. v.p. n) Pos aux. adv. adv. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. v.t. v.i. n. n. a. a. a. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. n.pl. English capable of (be) hardly scarcely skin disease (type of) smoking-pipe friendship remember s.t. marriage (for friendship) child (born out of friendship) remind labour (in vain) labour (fruitless) half tired out exhausted listless ring (on which a pot rests) sacrifice oblation offer (sacrifice) priest child (first-born) pelvis hip ‘dace’ coffin pall-bearers n. pall n. v.i. n. n. n. chin tell a lie lie falsehood custom of bandaging the chin of a dead person liar repent, regret box camphor push (sideways) present (sent through somebody) fish (freshwater) Synodontis spp. roll wheel, roller leg-rattles (for dancers ) wheelchair delay crowd curse on xxx! false evil curse, wish evil (to) 30 Additional Information Brycinus nurse Mein dictionary Mein ekúe ele elé elekure elelem ¹ elelem ² elelem ye elému el l embí¹ embí² embígha-ere Pos n. n. n. n. a. n. n. a. n. v.t. n. n. embíowei embirí emei emémbele ememe emémei emgbé emgbeere emgbeke emgbéle emgbéle-fere emgberemukeké emgb s emgb s -t n n. n. n. a. v.t. n. a. n. n. n. n. n.pl. v.t. n. emgb s emgbosu emgbóu emí emí emí emíy emíy enda prep. & adv. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. ende¹ ende² endé endém endi endi-ang endi-b b - p r endid -ere endid -f r endid -owei endipál enditab -ogugu endorú endóu¹ endóu² endóu k l m n. int. a. v.cs. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. v.t. n. v.t. English swamp arum barn (roofless) chimpanzee, ‘gorilla’ charm miraculous lime (fruit) miracle senile, old (be) African civet-cat fish (with a basket or spear) button woman who gives birth to twins) spear (with iron point) palm-oil (raw) manatee slippery (be) squeeze finger-nail blunt (be) beam club knee kneecap potsherds cross cross (on which our Lord Jesus Christ died) across fruit (of the raffia palm) bone exist live be (somewhere) habitation abode shiny-nose, Giant African Threadfin gum(of the teeth) which? thick(of fluid) thicken fish roe barbels fisherwoman fishing fisherman pilot-fish, shark-sucker aquarium stingy (be) suck breast wean (child of breast) 31 Additional Information Cyrtosperma senegalense Pan troglodytes Viverra civetta Trichechus senegalensis Polydactylus quadrifilis Echnedidae b b endorú be reserved, reticent Mein dictionary Mein endóubeni endóub b endóum ené¹ ené² ené² enéni enéni enéni k r enéni kòrom enéni kòrom engó engó engó-k m engó-k m engólongolo engolongólòye engóm engúe engúlei eníi¹ eníi¹ eníi² eníi³ en epá n epelé¹ epelé² epelepélè épèní epideí epideí epideí epíeni epií¹ epií¹ epií² epií² epií² epín epise eré eré eré fie eré fie eré nana eré zim eré-ogen eréf ghawei eregheí eregheí ereí eréin eréin Pos n. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. a. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. v.i. v.i. a. n. poss.pron. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.i. n. v.i. & t. v.i. & t. v.i. v.i. v.t. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.i. n. n. English breast-milk nipple (of breast) suckle endure endurance forbearance sorrow grief sorrowful (be) repent regret poverty indigence poor man pauper bell (small) liver pauperize (make poor) guitar-fish maggot groan moan deaf (be) deafness your (sg.) Christmas bush scar (of wound) draughts razor-fish half-kobo vaunt brag boast Red Colobus monkey argue debate vie (with) compete rival pangolin gun-cotton woman wife woo court marry (a wife) deliver child (as midwife) harem tortoise stray wander break sun day(time) 32 Additional Information Rajidae Alchornea cordifolia Xenomystus nigri Colobus badius Manis tricuspis Mein dictionary Mein eréin-af an eréin-biri eréin-b n eréin-melu eréin-t b -a-b eréin-t b -a-t Pos n. n. n. n. n. n. English sulphur mid-day siesta flash (of lightning) afternoon twelve noon eréinbo s erésa eréw eréw u-al m boúfà eréw ba eréw ba eréye erézim -ara erézim -f r erézim -war eri erí¹ a. & adv. n. n. n. every day bride-price maidenhood. twilight (evening) n.f. n.f. n. n. n. n. n. n. erí¹ n. erí² erím erúerue erúerue koro esál bà esan¹ esan² esánf r esan esanlou esre ese ese esé esefa eséle eséna eseni eseri eseri t esíkosi kó esímgbi esín.¹ esín.² esínm ési áb es an¹ es an² esou esóun es m v.i. v.t. n. a. n. n. n. n. n. n.pl. n. n. n. num. a. n. a. n. n. v.p. n. n. v.t. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. maiden virgin afterpains midwife midwifery maternity home muscle shelf (above fire for drying fish) rack (above fire for drying fish) dry up dry s.t. mould mouldy (become) surety pimple strainer plate alligator pepper gills (of fish) harm trouble adversity nine harmless camwood nine snakehead witness bear witness olive colobus monkey millipede fear fear frighten okra piassava (of the body) artery; vein bunch fish (small, white) message 33 Additional Information (the time of the day when the sun is at its zenith) Aframomum melegueta Baphia nitida (wood of) Channa obscura Colobus Procolobus verus Pellonula spp. Mein dictionary Mein Pos v.p. es m t a n. es m -owei n. es s n. es n¹ n.pl. es n² n. esúwein n. esúwein n. ete v.p. ete t a n. eteghe n. etéle n. eti a. eti pou n. etókò n. et nl n. evín¹ ² n. evín n. evín-es n n. evúla n. ewéri n. eyé eyé k r àk sá v.p. t nm a. eyé s v.i. eyéri. n. eza n. eza n. ezimgb v.i. ezou¹ n. ezou² n. ezou² v.t. ezoum n. ezúmu b b r b l d md d l n n. n. n. n. excl. g n g m g m g l mba mba fou mba fou mba sara mbadákà mbafa mbal mb mb l mb l ¹ n. v.t. v.t. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.i. n. a. v.i. n. n. a. English send message messenger sunbird worm (intestinal) leg-rattles for dancers grief depression noose make a noose elephantiasis hall patience patient (be) mullet dew cow palm kernel shell (of palm kernel) whirlpool moonfish thing distrain (upon) Additional Information (es mowei) (=ekpíiri) Mugilidae Distichodus spp. possessed (be) go down crotch fork gambling hurry haste hurry hasten (cause to) fish sp. fern coral bead pawpaw money expressing doubt hesitation stain flavour season point breath rest repose breathe cassava breathless persevere baa! (cry of goat) fat sweet (be) 34 Mormyrus àp d ) rume or Manihot utilissima (=b b -k m l - Mein dictionary Mein mb l ² mb l m mb l m mb l m mb l m teí nd ¹ nd ² ngá ng ng ng ng ng ng - ng ng -war ng -war n n n -f na-b d r t m t m t m - t m y -árà y -ówèi y y b y y le-k m y l -ara y l -owei y l y r y ro af y r an na y r evin y r km y r km t b y y y y y y y y y y r r r r r obiri ofoni p r t b -oporoopo n n sara n sara n-b l n-b l Pos n. v.t. n. n. v.i. int. int. n. n.pl. n. n. n.pl. n.pl. adv. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. n.f. n.m. n. n. n. n. n.f. n.m. n. n. n. n. n. n. n.p. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. v.i. n. n. English Additional Information sweetness sweeten joke jest joke how many? (of number) how much? (of quantity) climbing-rope riches treasure wealth possessions goods amicably shop store wound sore bandage tree hair (on the body) fur hairy friend friend friendship friend place watchman masseuse masseur massage female fish sp. Citharinus latus ewe cow woman relation (on one's mother's side) bitch hen queen girl, lass, lassie sow breath breathe respire breastbone sternum 35 Mein dictionary Mein F. Pos English fa¹(opposite of emí) fa¹(opposite of emí) fa² fagha fam fam fam fam fam ye fán fán fangha fangha m fánla fánla fan ¹ fan ² farán. far féfe feí feín feínm ¹ feínm ² feínm ² fení fení f f f n f k f f k f k f r fín¹ (efiín) fín² fín-àr fini finií fiyeín k r fiyoú fiyoúbòd adv. v. n. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n.f. v.t. a. n. v.i. v.t. n. n. a. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. n. n. v.i. v.i. n. v.t. a. v.i. adv. n. fié¹ fié² fiem f¹ f² f fd fd fd fd fd v.i. n. v.i. & t. v.i. n. v.t. a. a. v.t. none (be) absent (be) loss endless lose strike flog hit gun wring screw be bent bend s.t. wring twist make (a fence) fence co-wife beat (drum) light (not heavy) father-in-law float float (cause to) buoy float surplus over buy purchase roast light (very) saw earthen plate fly fade aeroplane open wide travail (be in labour) again woman (married again after the dissolution of her former marriage) speak sound move (forwards) die death eat hideous ugly (very) abuse Additional Information 36 Mein dictionary Mein f f t a f lá f lá f lá gb n f lá t nm f n¹ f n² f ná. fn f n tebií fn t a fn t a f n azigere fr fr fr fr w n frm f ya f ya f yá f yá f yá t f yá t fy n fy n f y nk r f y nk r fomúu¹ fomúu² fomúu² foro forú forúbagha-ogo f l f r f f -y -ba f ba f f f f f n¹ f n¹ f n² f n² f n³ f n4 f n5 f n kpàalakpaala f nye-ogu fún¹ fún² fún² Pos n. v.i. n. n. v.i. v.i. n. n. v.t. n. v.t. v.p. v.p. n. n. n. n. v.i. v.t. a. a. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. a. a. a. n. n. v.t. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. adv. adv. v.i. & t. v.i. & t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.i. & t. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. English bait put (bait on a hook) spittle saliva spit dribble (at the mouth) ringworm ear-wax bind fire warm (oneself by fire) make a fire lay a fire motor-cycle job work occupation work send compatible (be) harmonious (be) food meal prepare (food) cook envy jealousy envious jealous free (be at liberty) freedom liberty cover hamlet eagle (young) peel clothes-moth market day (before market-day) market-day slowly gently blow fan draw drag swing wave powder, ash, gunpowder dangle bullet leaf book paper 37 Additional Information Mein dictionary Mein fún g fún k n fún-apapa fúng -gb sa fúng -gb sa fúng b fúnk nb fúnk nb fúntolum -war fúnnemi fúnnemi fúnnemib fúnnemighab fu fuó-bi ri Pos v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. fuó-bi ri koro fuó-wùru v.i. n. furú¹ furú¹ furú¹ furú² furú² furú² furú-k m f f kp f kp f kp f kp f l f l f m f m f r ¹ f r ¹ f r ² f r pa f r -f n f r f n-emgbi f r kana f r pa- d n f r pa- d n v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.i. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.i. v.i. n. a. n. n. n. n. n. English Additional Information write read page (of a book) pen pencil writer reader lector school education literacy literate person illiterate person in-law quarter (or place of one's wife) live (in one's in-law's quarter) drink (given to in-laws by the bridegroom at the time of marriage) thieve steal rob stealing theft larceny thief salt loose loosen untie loose (become) soup broth faint swoon smell stink odour fragrant dynamite bomb teabush Ocimum gratissimum perfume scent v.t. v.p. a. n. v.t. a. serve serve wrongly clear (be) light confuse confused G. ga ga kirí gaan¹ gaan² gabála gabala 38 Mein dictionary Mein gagála. gagala ganr n gar gar ¹ gar gar ² gar gar ² gbá gbá nà gbaal gbaal gbaal gbáal gbaánà gbab gbab gbab -àd n gbab gbab yè gbada gbagbaraa gba n gba n gbalá gbal gbal gbal gbám gbám -b b gbán gbana gbana gbana ¹ gbana ² gbana ² gbanam gbanr n gbanr n gbanr n-k m gbanr n-k m gban gbará gbas gbas gbas m -gbas m gbas m -gbas m gbegberee gbegbéree gbeiin gbeiinghá gbelé¹ gbelé¹ gbelegbele gbeleí gbelem ¹ gbelem ² Pos v.t. a. a. a. a. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. a. n. v.i. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. prep phr.? v.i. v.i. v.t. a. a. n. n. n. n. a. a. a. a. a. adv. a. a. n. v.t. id. v.i. v.t. v.t. English scatter scattered costly, dear fresh lively; cheerful tell obey confuse muddle disorderly fry nip pinch pocket-knife narrow pincer struggle stiff keep reserve tie nourish feed nurture accuse accusation close lay (on) place (on) next to (be) depend( on) rest (on) follow stingy miserly miser niggard retraction violence perfect well whole entire stout (be) forever (be) steady (be) unsteady skink proclaim profusely unite unite accompany Additional Information 39 Mein dictionary Mein gbené gb gb f gb d gb n¹ gb n¹ gb n¹ gb n² gb n² gb n³ gb nm gb ntolu gb n ¹ gb n ² gb ngb ngb n gbi gbiní gbinií gb n gb l l gb sá gbó¹ gbó² gbod gbod gbod gbogb gbol gbol gbolóloo gbolóò gbolóò gbon¹ gbon² gbon² gbongbolú gbongbóun gboóro gboóru gboro gboro gboro-eye gbóù! gbóù! gbóù! gbóù! gb l gb l gb l gb ngb l gb ngb l gb gb n gb n gbudugbudu gb n gb n Pos n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. a. adv. phr. a. n. v.t. a. adv. a. n. v.t. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. a. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. n. excl. excl. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.t. v.t. a. v.i. English village pay earn (salary) abuse vanquish conquer subdue pelt throw sew toss needle-fish sober (be) to some extent solid jar twist twisted intensively smooth stick fell (to fall) matured (of girl) squander waste spend cut (roughly) touch feel safe sane (become) come to one's senses screen off frequent haunt pigmy kingfisher bell stir red-legged squirrel plant sow crop bark (of dog) bow wow! box strike with the fist kick destroy demolish improve (in health) free release full (of dregs or impurities) pout 40 Additional Information Belonidae Ceyx picta Funisciurus pyrrhopus Mein dictionary Mein gebegebe gedéè gedegede gere gere geréngeren geréngeren geréree gerigeri gesí gesí gesí gesí-egberi gesí-egberi gesíye g g b g b g b g b g b g b g gb sa g rg r¹ g rg r² gha (-gha) girígi ri gá gá gd gd gd g g g n g g ng n g g r g r (girígi ri) go go golí golii g g l g m g m gha¹ g m gha² g m gha² g r r gudúgudu gumugumu gusí g a g a g agha g a g ang an Pos a. a. a. v.t. v.t. n. n. a. a. a. a. a. n. n. n. v.t. a. a. a. n. a. a. neg. a. v.i. v.i. n. adv. adv. a. a. n. a. a. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. v.t. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. a. a. English untamed(be) dazed (be) vague (be) care for take care of strain tension proper reddish real true genuine truth true story truth write shy be nervous timid pen reddish too happy not excited (by fear or joy) shout howl meat-safe fast firmly timid tiny noise pointed noisy shiver (with cold or fear) count read hate (a person) protrusive vomit protrusive straight not straight (neg) unjust dishonest narrow deep feeling hot rake mix mingle unmixed mixed bright (and new) 41 Additional Information Mein dictionary Mein g dá g da g d g d g d g m g m Pos v.t. v.i. v.i. & t. a. adv. English fold coil coil deep knowingly something) Additional Information f l gál excl. excl. pron. pron. n. n. gbal gbál gbal t gbal t n g ná g ná-bèni g ná-bèni k k da k k ya k ra kr kr k r mkp k k sa k sa t a ky ky t a k y fa k y fa k y fa k k k k kp kpa kp r kp r kp s lá láp l wei la mgba mgb mgb - mgbaal mgb s n. n. v.p. v.p. n. n. n. a. n. n. n. a. a. n. n. a. n. a. a. a. a. n. n. n. n. n. a. n. n. n. adv. n. n. n. mgb mgb m n n. n. n. yes yes (emphatic) I me prawn (marine) outgrowth (appearing on forehead and scalp) line thorn stand in line form a line pepper pepper-soup broth dark plenty biscuit Indian bamboo stunted dwarfed tilapia (type of) malice malicious wisdom wise silly foolish stupid corner angle scale craw-craw scabies brittle bead praying-mantis whip (in form of broom) today scrotum testicle dance-jumping (a game played by girls) grain drop catfish (act, do I. íi n íi n ye 42 (1st pers. sg. subj. (1st pers. sg. obj.) Capsicum annuum Bambusa vulgaris Tilapia zilii Clarias spp. Mein dictionary Mein m r nm r n na Pos n. poss.pron. ng ng l m ng m ng m ng ng r ng ra ng ra f ng ra ng ra -d n ng ra -d n ng ra t a-akpal n ne py n p r p r -s n-ar n sam s s nd t n ( tá n) v àd n v av a z n z n z n z n n. v.i. v.i. v.i. & t. v.t. v.t. a. n. n. n. n. poss. pron. poss. pron. n. n. n. n. a. n. n. n. n. n. a. a. a. English Additional Information sugar-ant mine (of more than one thing) cry (of newly-born babies) insist strain push (in labour) economize remove scales(of fish) fraudulent scale (of fish) smallpox variola toad my mine (of one thing) feather beard razor Wood Ibis Ibis ibis effective ant climbing-perch Ctenopoma kingsleyae (=ad a) rheumatism whip tribe in the Niger Delta genuine real true K. ká¹ ká¹ ká² ká³ kab kághà kághà ka ¹ ka ² ka ³ ka ³ ka n ka nká n kakára kakii kalá kama kamáyefà kán¹ kán² kán³ a. a. a. a. n. a. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. a. v.i. v.i. a. v.t. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. ripe mature stunted very much tiger-fish Hydrocynus spp. unripe immature lock nail imprison jail torn ragged allude hesitate small entertain (a visitor) anxious hire; send tear; break; rend have spite against somebody; show ill-feeling towards 43 Mein dictionary Mein Pos kana kará kara kara kara ghà kara ghà karám kar kar owei kas kas -t b owei ké kedi keín keín keínkein keké kekére kekére kekére kele kele kele kelé kelekúù kelíkeli keníi k k b k b t a k d k d k k k k l k k l k n k n k n -da b k n -yinb k r¹ k r² k r k rk r k rm k r mowei k r m ye k s k w ki¹ ki² kidóghà kiki kiki-eye n. v.t. a. a. a. a. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. v.i. & t. v.t. v.i. v.i. adv. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. a. a. adv. v.t. v.t. v.p. n. v.i. & t. v.t. v.i. n. num. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.a. v.t. n. n. v.a. n. v.t. v.i. & t. n. v.t. n. English Additional Information somebody basket carve correct accurate incorrect inaccurate correct worship priest chair chairman exclaim pluck freeze congeal tightly cut open take care of preserve care for enumerate count reckon fish (freshwater) (= ng l ) absent-minded (be) cautious seldom; rarely pare resemble; take after be deformed ass; donkey cut off bit by bit; wane bend sideways bend sideways adipose fin one half-brother or half-sister uterine brother or sister catch; hold build burn; ignite be tired, weary steer steersman rudder be brief; be short mongoose (general) Atilax and Xenogale spp. cut with a knife or axe promise horse-mackerel prevent; hinder hindrance; obstacle; impediment 44 Mein dictionary Mein kilé. kilé-b b kimé Pos v.t. n. n. kirí¹ kirí² kirí³ kirí fèni kirí k r kirí kòro¹ kirí kòro² kirí k kirí nà kirí-àr -t b kirí-p l kiriba kiríbòu kiríbùlou kiríèkpe kirígbòro kirígbòro-k m kirígbòro-seri kirík r kiríki rí kiríkònu kirim kíri m ¹ kirim kíri m ² kiríòlogbo kirípà v.i. n. n. v.p. v.p. v.p. v.p. v.p. v.p. n. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. a. adv. a. adv. n. n. kirísòu-seri ká k ál k n k n nemigha k n-b b k r k ká k kám kl kll klkl¹ n. v.t. adv. v.t. a.phr. n. a. v.t. v.dir. v.t. adv. v.a. klkl² k l k l gha km k m -ba k m -bab k m -paara n. a. n. n. n. n. k m -t b k m -t b kn k ná n. n. v.t. n. English Additional Information salute; greet salutation; greetings gale; hurricane; storm; tornado be amiss ground; the earth farm; field be surplus run aground (of a boat) be low sink down remain wake foundling menopause be protrusive farm underground chin farming; husbandry farmer; husbandman seed-time stunted not deep; shallow under immediate immediately bitterleaf Vernonia spp. menstruation; monthly periods harvest strain instantly; immediately count; number innumerable number equal tie tie to shun; avoid carefully be careful, prudent, clever, vigilant prudence imprudent person; man murder murderer legendary being (who is halfman) human skull human being fell a tree Nile perch Lates niloticus 45 Mein dictionary Mein kn kr. kr krkr ko kobíyou=kobúyou kobú kokoí kokoíghà kokóko kokóm kokóro kokoroo kokorókòo kolií kolíkòlí-gbàn kolím kolo¹ kolo² kolókolo kolóò kom konkonrónkòn konu koró¹ koró² koróm Pos v.a. v.t. adv. v.a. n. n. v.t. v.a. a. v.a. v.t. v.t. v.a. n. v.a. n v.cs. n. n. v.a. v.a. v.cs. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.cs. korú korukoru kotó kounbáànm koúnkoun koy r k k b k b k nk n k k k k r k k ye k l k l k l k l k l l k n¹ k n² k n bó k n si n k n ¹ k n ² k n b ra k n sibe k n wei v.i. & t. v.a. n. v.t. v.a. n. v.i. n. n. v.a. adv. n. n. n. v.a. v.a. adv. v.t. v.i. v.t.+v.i. v.t.+v.t. a. a. n. a. n. English be sober cut now that be very cold, icy fondness African carp mix be in order not in order sound put in order; arrange scrape be hard cry of the cock short skipping game shorten handle grub sp. bitter serious pamper; fondle fish sp. the waist fall begin put down; lay down; lay eggs (of fowl) wait; await be brown small snail choke sound; healthy spoon remain hook penny, kobo very slender indeed; really screw-pine reality nape become weak very slender reluctantly take be hot; smart bring; fetch remove left wrong left (hand) left-handed leopard 46 Additional Information Labeo spp. e.g. kokóko ang =sound body Brycinus leuciscus (=agb l ) Pandanus candelabrum Panthera pardus Mein dictionary Mein k n k n -t b k n -t b k n k r k r k r b l kpá kpada Pos a. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. kpad kpa n kpa nkpa n kpa nkpa n kpak v.t. a. a. a. v.t. kpak kpak kpalalaa kpamaáku kpamaáku kpar kpeé kpeé kpeké kpekí kpekpéree kpèrein kperín kpeteré kp kp f kp l kp k kp k kp kp r kp l kp l kp l n. n. adv. n. n. a. adv. adv. v.i. & t. v.t. v.i. a. v.i. v.t. v.p.t. v.t. a. v.t. v.t. a. v.t. a. kp npòleí kpikí kpó¹ kpó² kpodú kpodú kpodú kpok n kpokp ¹ kpokp ¹ kpokp ¹ kpokp ² kpolú. kpomúkpomu kp n. v.i. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. id. adv. English Additional Information first eldest (child) first-born neck wine palm, raffia-palm Raphia hookeri raffia fibre raffia fibre tie hack (at a piece of wood to reduce its thickness) open lonely lanky skinny remove (foreign body from the skin ) point cape profusely tin pan dry (become) seldom rarely shake, rattle disturb meet unexpectedly silent coagulate, clot amass make fun of (a person) defraud slight (be) tempt allure near (very) caress less (become, in number or quantity) chickenpox hobble (walk lame) make (into lump) lump squander waste spend one (only) harass worry bother peel fold distended also 47 Mein dictionary Mein kp kp gha kp gha kp gha kp ghaye kp kp l kp kp y kp kp y -t b kp l kp kp kp kpuké kpukpú kputurú kp n¹ kp n¹ kp n² kp n² kubu¹ kubu² kubuya kudú kuekue kukuru kún kún kunóu kunóu-b raemgb sa kuré kureréè kurií kurú kurúkuru kúùkúù k k k k k k k b k l k l yè k mgb k m . k m k m k m k n k n k n k n ghá k k r ¹ k r ² k r m Pos adv. a. a. a. n. v.t. n. n. adv. v.i. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n n. a. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. English too trivial unimportant trifling trifle thrash duck duckling unhesitatingly dash (foot against something) stub tow stump (of a tree) shake off wrinkle drag pull object protest (against) incise (abscess) tattoo tattoo, tribal mark lump red underneath weave plait end finger (little) v.i. a. v.i. n. a. n. n. v.i. a. n. a. n. a. part.??? n. adv. n. a. v.t. a. n. v.t. erode steep wear off tree black dove mahogany roar reddish star tight (very) poison sour (of soup) do not hesitation since detail not detailed wipe strong, powerful, hard strength, power strengthen 48 Additional Information Lophira alata Khaya senegalensis Mein dictionary Mein L. Pos English n. v.i & t. v.i & t. a. a. v.i. & t a. excl. ligament (of body) arrive reach enough sufficient suffice worth (be) goodbye! a. a. n. n. v.i. n. insufficient not enough swamp marsh fence-fishing tree lapá lapa lapála. lapala le le leí¹ leí² v.t. a. v.t. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. leí³ lelei¹ lelei¹ lelei² lelei nemi lepéle l l t a l t a l l k l k lí lim l ká l ka lll lol lolou l ¹ l ² l ² l l l l l l l s lú lú t a v.t. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. n. n. v.t. v.t. adv. adv. v.i. v.t. v.t. a. v.i. a. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. v.t. v.t. n. n. a. wrap twisted wrap twisted watch guard resemble board (a ship), enter (a boat or canoe) stand (on something) examine scrutinize symbol, seal, mark, sign observe, notice brush-tailed porcupine Atherurus africanus snare ensnare trap quietly willingly rub out, wear away, blot out efface, erase, obliterate contaminate contaminated persist wild scream massage paint rub dirty comfort console head-tie fist (clenched) ready (to strike with the fist) la lá¹ lá¹ lá² lá² lá² lá³ lába `yà yòo! lághà lághà lala lala lala t a lalaweí wó ar Additional Information (with yellow bark, growing mostly in the swamp) 49 Mein dictionary Mein luí luí l l bèin(ya ) l b b l kp . l lagh l waa Pos n. n. n. n. n. v.t. a. a. English goitre Derbyshire-neck oil-palm tree palm-bunch palm-fruit smear tough quiet suff. num. qual. v.t. a. v.i. v.i. v.t. num. num.qual. v.i. n. id. n.f. v.t. v.t. n. n. n.f. v.i. n. a. adv. suff. dem. adv. adv. adv. adv. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t v.t v.t. feminine definite article two wrap twisted vanish disappear cause to disappear two second fidget hammer mew, cry of a cat daughter lick plane plane brother sister flash cobra (black) slow slowly non-feminine definite article this here so thus now make do renew renovate multiply case litigation maker doer soften shame (put to shame) deride laugh (to scorn) amuse Additional Information Elaeis guineensis M. -ma ma maála maala ma ma . ma m mam mam karam maná(màna) mat l má nmá n mba mb l ¹ mb l ² mb l ye mbirei mb ra melú. mei-oweí m nm n¹ m nm n² -m m má m brà m brà m -émi m m m ayám m ayám m bi nm m bb m bb m b m b m b m m b zem m dè`r m dè`r m dè`r m 50 cf. French marteau Mein dictionary Mein m di rim m dò`nm m d ó` m d ó` m d bam m èbim m endém m eng m m eníim m mb l m m fàm m feéfe m fi nim m gàan m kirí m krm m kolím m k r m m k r m m nemím m nemím m olómùm m pám m p l m p l m p r m m p nám m sarám m seím m seím m si n m ya nm m zà m m -èbi m -eye m -eye m kirí m kirí m kiríghà m kiríghà m -m m -m bra m ya m mgbà mm mm s -m n ¹ Pos v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t v.t v.t. v.t. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. a. a. a. n. n. n. dem.ind. adv. suff. -m n ² suff. mn¹ mn² mn v.t. n. poss.pron. English Additional Information blacken sicken (make sick) cool (make cool) pacify magnify improve thicken pauperize deafen (make deaf) sweeten waste, squander, lose, spend lighten widen enlighten make a mistake adjust shorten strengthen confirm make known notify deepen invent settle finalize enrich whiten make haste spoil damage complete break make smaller kindness deed action mistake fault unerring faultless like custom misdeed today this just now present continuous tense marker future tense marker, preceded by an extra vowel at the end of the verb) swallow flesh one's (own) 51 Mein dictionary Mein mnm m n m erí m n m erí mnm kankanran mnm k r pal m m n m -ofoni m n m tu m n m tu t a .m s my mótò mótò m m m m m m m m m m m m m k r m koru mú mum n y munemune munúmùnu m kp m kp m n m n m r n Pos n. n. n. v.t. English throat hoarse (of voice) husky (of voice) clear (the throat) v.t. strangle, throttle n. n. a. dem. n. n. n. conj. adv. adv. part. prep. v.t. n. v.p. v.i. v.i. n. a. v.i. adv. adv. v.i. a. Adam's apple greediness greedy that (yonder) this place motor vehicle car and so thus such with suck hunger be hungry fast go destination dim murmur still yet murmur slender (very) v.t. v.t. v.t. adv. adv., a. adv. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. hear understand misunderstand yet near nigh beast animal meat slaughter-house, abattoir hound hunting-dog leather butcher hunter rheumatism possess own have marry N. na na na kirí ná na na namá namá namá namá-ba-war namá-k r -obiri namá-k r -obiri namá-ozi namá-p -yè`r b namá-tein-owei namád n nana nana nana nana 52 Additional Information Mein dictionary Mein nanaara nanaara nanab nanaowei nanaowei neí neí-a neíkaram nemí nemí ki rí nénè ni niínà niínàkaram nini¹ nini² niní. niní-èmgbe niní- p r niní-òpoolo niní-t n niníyà niníyà n na nn noú n n m ¹ n m ¹ n m ¹ n m ² n m ² n m ² n m ² n m -k m n m -k m num (numóu) num tun num tun num d b Pos n. n. n. n. n. num. num.qual. num.qual. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. num. num.qual. v.t. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. rel. n. adv. n. n. a. a. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. English mistress lady owner master lord four four fourth know know (in a wrong way) mama smell eight eighth cheat nibble (of fish, at bait) nose bridge of the nose hair (inside the nose) nostril running (of the nose) mucus (nasal) snot which, that, who son after all needle blue (colour) crazy mad demented insanity lunacy madness craziness mad person lunatic song sing chant singer Additional Information ò pron. he, him, his ó excl. hail! (before consonant) (3rd pers. masc. sg. subj. and obj.) (used in addressing a person with courtesy)??? obebe obebe- gba obi obín obín -a-san obiri n. n. n. n. n. n. ladder rung scaly-tailed flying squirrel mat bed-wetting dog O. 53 Anomaluridae Mein dictionary Mein obiri-oku obiri-t b obirikí oboí obókoro obom obóm obóri obóri-t b obóri-war -koru Pos n. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. obúbu n. obudou obúdou obulúkù obuuru odídi odídikpo odímangàlanga ódi n odísi odísi ododo ododo ododo-tun odoko odokúkù odon odón odú odubo odubo gban odubo-ara odubo-f r odubowei odubowei odúbù ódùdú ofiyou ofó ofoko ofoko ofoko ofolo ofóni¹ ofóni¹ ofóni² ofóni-apele ofóni-d n ofóni-fie ofóni-otein n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. a. n. n. n. a. v.i. & t. n. n. v. n n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. English Additional Information flea pup(py) cast-net stoop prone to (be) honour overturn goat kid woman (hated by her husband and denied her marital or conjugal rights among co-wives) globe-fish, puffer-fish Tetraodon fahaka (=obúbu-yèn keofúro fog mud kilt bay cold snow chameleon dumb person dump rubbish-heap red scarlet red hat hawk cabbage-tree Anthocleista spp. yellow throw (at) cocoyam service serve (a master) maidservant stewardship servant (male) steward sandfly bogeyman backwater Rhinoceros viper bellows foam lather asthma fowl bird larva (of cockchafer) wing epilepsy cock-crow carbuncle 54 Mein dictionary Mein ofóni-tar gb l ofóni-t b ofóni-war ofóni-war ofóni-war ofóni e ofou ofúro ofúro ofúro ofúrom ofúrumò` ofúrum fú ogbá ogbán ¹ ogbán ² ogbein ogbo¹ ogbo² ogbo² ogbó ogbókiriowei ogbólo ogbóm ogbónanab ogbó-opuru ogbori ogbori bi ogbu-ogele Pos n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.i. v.i. v.t. v.t. n. n. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. a. n. English mushroom chick(en) cage hen-coop nest farina, cassava flour calf (of leg) blow pregnant conceive impregnate brush away lungs cane (kind of) sulky age-group bush-mango eel season time land tortoise, terrapin wood (piece of) support land-owner scorpion ignorance ignorant parade ogbudu¹ ogbudu¹ ogbudu¹ ogbudu² ogbudu-war ogbuduú ogbuduú ogbúgba ogbúgba t a ogé ogé tèi ogélè ogélè gban ogen ogid ogidi ogíge ogíge ogíge-k r ye ogírèn ogírèn ogírèn ogírènb ogírènb n.pl. n.pl. n.pl. n. n. a. a. n. a. n. v.t. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. sediments dregs lees shrine coffin (bamboo) be dirty filthy thickness thick festival celebrate (a feast) parade march (in a parade) harem angel-fish matchet shutter door hinge enmity feud animosity adversary enemy 55 Additional Information Irvingia gabonensis (performed by men who killed persons in intertribal war) Pomacanthus paru Mein dictionary Mein ogírènb ogírèns ogo¹ ogo² ogo² ogo-kiri ogo-t b ogoí Pos n. a. n. v.i. v.i. n. n. v.i. English foe inimical eagle wail cry farm (old) eaglet refuse ogóin ogóínm ogóín ogóri ogoun ogoun-f n ogu ogu ogubéri ogún¹ ogún¹ ogún² ogún² ogún gb n ogúngb nb ogúsi oke oke okeke okeke buru okeketu okeketu-aka oki okí okíle¹ okíle² okíle-owei okíle-owei-ak l okílèí okiliyin okílòló okílòló okine okine-b ra okinikíni okinikíni -ete n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. n. n. v.i. & t. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. okíri okiringha okirizí okodi okodo okófa okoí okokaí okokodíè v.i. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. v.i. n. clitoris toothed carp Epiplatys and Aphyosemion spp. buffalo, bush-cow Syncerus caffer axe helve iron steel shark (hammer-headed) Sphryna spp. hill mountain plundering raid, plunder raid plunderer egusi melon Cucumeropsis mannii mouse rat (general) pride proud (of one's talents) jaw tooth (molar) sawfish Pristis spp. swim lame lameness lame man crutch kite Milvus migrans soap-fish Rypticus saponaceus spring fountain mortar pestle python (large), ‘boa’ python (large) ‘boaconstrictor’ crawl harmattan cannon he-goat forehead deep side (of a river) kneel speak aloud coconut Cocos nucifera Additional Information ( to do a duty because one's neighbour refuses to do it) 56 Mein dictionary Mein okolo okóri okosu¹ okosu² okosu³ okosu-yin okóun okóyen Pos n. a. a. n. n. n. n. n. okpo okpókpo okpókpo okpoku okpólokpo okpólokpo okpómu okpórù-okosu okpoukpóù n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. English tone bald senior (to) seniority otter (esp. spot(ted)-necked) grandmother seat (rower's) season (fifth and sixth months) bedroom skeleton frame clam board plank creel clawless otter Mormyrid fish spp. okpu okpu-t r okpúdòú okpudukpúdù okpudukpúdùt b okú¹ okú² okú² okú³ okú³ okú-ang okúbò okúbò-k r b okúbò-m n m tu okúbò-m n m tu okúbò-t r okun okun-agb l olékpùkpú olíelie olo oló¹ oló¹ oló² oló sa oló sa ológbò ológbò-t b ololo olomu¹ olomu² olómu olómu-beni olóo n. n. n. n. n. sugar-cane node (of sugar-cane) ginger-lily owl owlet n. a. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. a. n. n. n. n. louse heavy weighty heaviness weight nit money treasurer greed avarice cowry sea periwinkle pigeon wagtail grease game sport curse curse imprecate cat, pussy kitten bottle deep depth well well-water ordinance Additional Information Lutra maculicollis Aonyx capensis Petrocephalus bane, Marcusenius psittacus Costus spp. Tympanotonus fuscatus 57 Mein dictionary Mein olóo olóo olóo olóo olóo-a koro olóo seim olóo t a olóo t a olóo t a olóye olu olú olulu olúlu olúlu olulu s olulu s olulu s olum ombó ombú¹ ombú² ombú-di -p l Pos n. n. n. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. excl. a. n. n. n. n. a. a. a. v.t. v.t. n. a. n. òm n omo omo omóni¹ omóni² omóùn omóùn pá omu¹ omu² omulálà omumulú ondú ongú onúgbònú o opólo. opómboro¹ opómboro² opómboro-k m opóolo opóolo t a opóròopó opóròopó-t b opóroki á pron. n. n. n. n. n. n.+v.i. v.i. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. excl. v.t. v.i. n. n. n. v.p. n. n. n. opu¹ v.t. opu² a. English decree enactment law commandment break (a law) abolish (a law) legislate enact command no worse (become) land-crab anger ant (driver) soldier (ant) enraged angry indignant worsen suck navel sharp severing of the umbilical cord he meeting conference slavery; bondage; servitude slave sweat; perspiration sweat; perspire shine blaze electric centipede wart pumpkin earthen pot nettle-rash; urticaria used in answering a call peel stammer stammering stammerer hole be hollow pig piglet; porkling freshwater synodont Additional Information Cardisoma armatum (3rd pers. sg. non-fem. independent) Synodontis batensoda, membranaceus (=egbegí) S. fish by throwing the spear haphazardly great; big e.g. P r Kalanama VI opu Ebediowei = P r Kalanama VI was a great Ruler. 58 Mein dictionary Mein opu-amba opu-b rat b opu-da opu-ekie opu- mba korom opu- mgb opu-k n opu-war ¹ opu-war ² Pos n. n. n. n. v.p. n. n. n. n. opu-war a s opu-yin opuobori opuoweiya opúru opurupu opururú opusu orí. oríe. oríen-t b orísi¹ orísi² oró¹ or ² órò orógb sa ororo¹ ororo² ororo kirí oróu oróu pa v.p. n. n. n. n. n.pl. n. n. n. v.t. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. v.t. n. v.p. oróupagha oru orú orú s orú-ap d a. v.a. n. v.p. n. oru-seri orú-kar oruk m orumú orúru osi¹ osi² osí osib l osími ni osóbo osotuon n. n. adv. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. n. English Additional Information stomach thumb grandfather second class marriage sigh hydrocele eighth month of pregnancy mansion thatch-roofed hut for a woman who gives birth to twins give birth to twins grandmother elephant placenta; after-birth shrimp; ‘crayfish’, ‘crawfish’ crumbs; fragments sluggard dust; mote coconut oil backbite orphan neglect negligence; remissness drain; gutter mat woven from mat-grass gold < Port. mat-grass; mat-straw think; expect; hope thought; opinion; notion misconceive; think wrongly fame; renown be famous, renowned, glorious insignificant; unknown be old, stale deity; god; divinity be possessed fish sp. Gnathonemus tamandua and G. petersii olden times worship of a deity; idolatry long since jaundice; yellow fever cotton-wool elephant-grass Pennisetum purpureum large edible snail spit medicinally slug large type of crocodile yellow fever; jaundice wife's wilfully concealing her menstruation from her husband in order to have 59 Mein dictionary Mein Pos osún. osuo osuo-apebi osuo-f n osuoya-aru osúro oté otein oterú oti otietié otíti oto otobo otómgbolo otómgbolo-war otomi otontoron otoún -otu n. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. n. n. v.a. n. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. English marital intercourse with him starch rain rainbow lightning raincoat shoo mat type boil pelican become rotten and distended swallow bird, Senegal coucal boast; brag hippopotamus mosquito mosquito-net palm civet brain bend down people otúo otúru otúru-b ramgb sa ovirí ovírim ovuru¹ ovuru² v.t. n. n. collect; contribute middle the middle finger v.i. & t. v.cs. n. postp. sustain injury cause to suffer interval; space between owéi¹ owéi² owei a. n. n. male hero man owéi pi owéi-àmu owéi-an na owéi-evin owéi-k m owéi-k m -t b v.p. n. n. n. n. n. owéi-kp kp y owéi-ofoni owéi-ofoni-t b owéi-ofoni-t b alele owéi-oporoopo owéi-t b owéin¹ owéin² owéinye n. n. n. n. defy monkey sp. ram bull man; male member of the family on his or her father's side drake cock cockerel crest; cockscomb n. n. v.t. v.t. n. boar boy; lad bite bail (water) bailer Additional Information Pelecanus rufescens Centropus senegalensis Hippopotamus amphibius Nandinia binotata e.g. z n-otu ebi m kam = The z n people are very kind. e.g. D n wo ma k m ovuru a paam seri fa=There will never be a quarrel between the two of us. (only used after a qualifier, therefore tone cannot be identified) e.g. m owei=this man 60 Mein dictionary Mein owóu owoun owount aye owú owú bin owún owún-àka owún-òwún oyí oyía Pos v.t. n.pl. n. n. v.p. n.pl. n.pl. a. num. num.qual. English climb; ascend smoke (of ship) furnace masquerader play masquerade sand pebble; gravel sandy ten ten oyiín oyíkaram oyín oyín-d n óyi nbó oyinbu ozi¹ ozi² ozí. ozi far ozifar owei ozigb sa ozigha ozigha owou oziko (ozike) ozóbo-ogu v.a. num.qual. v.i. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.p. n. n. n. v.p. n. n. be agreeable tenth swell dropsy banana sugar skin; leather drum wilderness; desert beat drum drummer drum-stick gibbet; gallows ascend the gallows mat brass excl. n. n. v.i. n. n. a. n. v.t. n. n. v.i. n. a. n. v.p. v.p. v.p. n. n. n. exclamation of surprise brook; rivulet grease clog mound; hillock stubbornness; obstinacy stubborn; obstinate; obdurate stern revive Redless Tree-Squirrel drey wander; roam trawl-net; drag-net narrow judgement; case give statement; give evidence decide; give verdict try a case court-hall judge fun ba dn d d d d t a fán f gb gb -opoolo gb ¹ gb ² g r g la g la gun g la p l g la s g la-war g lap l owei k k 61 Additional Information e.g. Oyia k ra pad wó Kano a gbeleim =It is ten years since we last met at Kano. (=akpárakpa) Funisciurus anerythrus e.g. Yé k n k k k m mn ya?= Are you making fun of me? Mein dictionary Mein k f k kpas k l ma má mb Pos n. n. n. n. n. n. n. English mussel fish-trap ladle bow(s) of canoe pus electric catfish bush-pig mb mb t a mb mb r mgba ná nám nd nd ¹ nd ² nd rum nd r m -b b r ra r ¹ r ² r ³ r ka sa sa tá v bà vb wá¹ wá² wád w w m w m n. v.p. v.i. & t. n. v.i. v.cs. n. v.a. n. v.t. n. n.pl. v.a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. adv.p. n. v.a. n. a. v.a. a. hump; hunch be hump-backed murmur; grumble spine fast cause to fast; starve four hundred be durable, lasting life calumniate calumny pubic hair be sickly share deepest part of the river Giant Rat, "rabbit" ring African pike harshness weir the other day neighbour be old, aged senility; age old; aged be alive, fresh uncooked, raw w w w n. n. n. road; way wayside on the way n. excl. v.cs. n. v.p. n.pl. suffering it is a pity! punish; penalize head; pate behead; decapitate beans -agbaara biri ya yáà! yam za za sin zá Additional Information Malapterurus electricus Red River-hog Potamochoerus porcus Cricetomys Hepsetus odoe e.g. Di ye! t` b m w m w m endi k f -m n =See! the child is eating raw fish. e.g. Wó w biri ka gbeleim =We met on the way 62 Mein dictionary Mein P. Pos English pá¹ v.i. pá² pá³ pá4 pá5 paára pábras pábulou padápada pá-eye¹ pá-eye² pal ¹ pal ² v.i. v.i. a. n. n. adv. a. a. n. n. v.i. n. pal pal m ¹ pal m ² pamá pamala pám ¹ pám ² v.a. v.dir. v.a. n. n. v.dir. v.dir. pan¹ pan² pápa papalaa pátu¹ pátu² pa . pebi pegi penreen pei (pegi, poi) peí. peí. pekéi pení pením pepelee perée¹ perée² perénpèrén perépere¹ perépere² peretimi peretimí peretimíyè pesí pesíb v.i. & t. n. adv. a. a. n. v.t. v.t. p v.t. come into being; come/go out e.g. Ò m m s ka pam =He is out just now, he has just gone out. be fast in growing; overgrow happen bare; mere e.g. pá-ang =with bare body; nude kind; nature piece however empty; void bulky; very many event; incident useless thing stick; adhere blade used by women in ancient times be tight, close affix; paste on be next to part the liver happen to show; manifest e.g. Yè n ang pam gha =I did not show myself. hoot gourd used as a cup anyhow flat naked; nude nakedness; nudity pawn; pledge let; permit; allow = pei tilapia Tilapia aurea bat listen; heed; harken believe morning weave tighten flat and broad free relief immaculate; spotless simple; easy quick; brisk sit seat; sitting seat; bench age-group person of the same age as another; a contemporary break; butcher n. n. v.i. & t. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. a. a. n. a. a. a. v.i. n. n. n. n. Additional Information 63 Mein dictionary Mein p Pos v.i. p p p p p p a. v.t. v.i. & t. a. a. v.t. n. n. n. v.p. v.p. n. n.pl. n. n. n. n. adv. English Additional Information break (by itself); be butchered unbreakable cut; break stop; cease ceaseless; perpetual unbreakable open (force open, e.g. eye with fingers) flat e.g. P p l sanf r m k n yar =Bring me the flat plate. be rich; wealthy e.g. Om n p r k m =He is a rich man. wealth; possessions; riches kingship king reign enthrone; install sceptre retinue; courtiers throne crown; diadem free-born royal family often a. v.a. v.a. adv. adv. flimsy; free from dirt be even be steady, settled down diligently; carefully early; betimes pí v.t. pidi piín v.t. v.a. piké pínm pínm pinm -pínm piópio pd p d ye p lá pn v.t. v.dir. v.cs. id. v.a. v.t. n. v.i. v.t. p ná p ná-kòbiyou p náki p náki k r b p p v.a. n. n. n. a. deny; contradict; gainsay; oppose pinch be tight; (of food) get stuck in the throat pin a stick in the ground pursue; run after urge; compel one after another be very hot ensnare; entrap; set a trap trap; snare fade tap (wine) e.g. m n k r p nb =I am a palmwine tapper. be white fish sp. Barbus occidentalis leprosy leper pointed ghà l ¹ l ² l gha l ghà n p p l a. p r v.a. p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p ¹ r ² r ³ r 4 r s r t a r -ak l r -gbolu-otu r -kas r -tun r -t b r -war r nghar ngha r np r n s ¹ s ² sp s t 64 e.g. E p t k t n kiri gboro w r ya, é m -emi a sou-um timim =If you had planted early you would have harvested now. Mein dictionary Mein ps p pó k m pó òkodi pó òporoopo poi poló¹ pol ² poloí pomu poo popou pou¹ n. v.t. v.i. n. adv. n. v.t. English hatch castrate castrated man; eunuch castrated he-goat castrated pig = pei canal; short cut slap explode leaf generally hut overlie pou² v.t. whet; sharpen pou³ poú poum ¹ poum ² poum -t kpa poúpou v.t. n. v.t. v.t. n. v.a. pouye p k p n p p p as ya p koro p koroya pr n. v.t. n. v.t. n. n. v.p. n.pl. v.t. pr b l v.t.+ v.t. pr kè`r pú pumou pumou ba púm puú puú pá p m v.t.+ v.t. v.t. n. v.p. v.dir. v.i. v.i.+ v.i. v.t. p p p p p adv. a. a. v.t. v.t. lay (eggs) bundle press (of person) oppress flashlight; torch be bulky; be piled up on top of each other stone; whetstone loosen the grip voice; language wash; launder waterside fish sp. defecate faeces; stool; excreta give e.g. Dada, oku-bo k n pr =Papa, give me some money. lend e.g. Sisei ma naira k n pr b l =Please lend me N2.00. entrust split fart; flatus fart; break wind separate break burst purify a defiled object or person entirely no longer complete intact carry fill a pit or depression l l l l ghà rá¹ rá² Pos v.t. v.t. n. n.p. n.p. 65 Additional Information e.g. Z a gbisigbisi yin-ama obin a m n aw pou bam n =Some careless mothers do overlie their babies in bed. e.g. Sisei n ad n pou pr =Please whet my knife for me. Mein dictionary Mein R Pos English raaraa reeree v.a. v.i. be not in order lack concentration sá n. debt e.g. n sa k n debt. sá f sáf b sánanab ság g sa ¹ sa ² sa ³ sa 4 sa -eye sa n sa yè saká sán¹ sán² sán-ongu sán-t a-kpamaku saná sanám sánd na sangha sangha -t r -às gha sángò san san sansansan sányai sara sará¹ sará² saradaye sarám ¹ sarám ² sara sei sei-bou v.p. n. n. n. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. n. v.a. n. n. v.t. v.i. & t. n. n. v.t. v.t. n.pl. n. n. owe debtor creditor groundnuts curse curse load send for goods in the market load; cargo be distant, remote scrotum trousers grind; pulverize; grate urinate; micturate; piss bladder urinal slight sprinkle urine doze; drowse insomnia e.g. opu sa yè=hydrocele n. v.t. v.i. v.a. n.pl. n. v.a. n. n. v.cs. adv. v.t. v.a. n. sei-dein sei-eye seim ¹ seim ² seim ³ n. n. v.cs. v.cs. n. seiya seiya m b n. n. glass jar melt melt be cheerful urine funnel be quick, hasty, speedy haste; speed; quickness trawl-line hasten; accelerate quickly raid be bad, evil, ugly cemetery for people who die of bad diseases dark night evil spoil; damage blame; find fault with antidote to neutralize the effect of poison sin; offence; crime sinner Additional Information S 66 gb =Pay me my Mein dictionary Mein seiye seiye-ang deiokpokpo serí¹ serí² serí³ Pos n. n. English snake; serpent slough; cast-off skin of snake v.t. v.t. n. praise; laud choose time serií¹ serií² serím serím v.a. v.i. v.cs. v.t. be high, lofty rise; get up raise; lift incite; instigate; induce; provoke impromptu; off-handedly; with no hesitation all; whole e.g. Funbo s k n bo=Bring all the books; àkp s =the whole world owéi(otu)bo s =all the men distant; remote dance dance tail be regular select straight not straight cause to lean lean travel; go out to work twenty larger galago probably Allen's Galago ?Galago alleni twenty m f d =I have e.g. Sia fun bought twenty books. carry load gun muzzle of gun gunpowder ‘alligator’ Ostelaemus tetraspis rub cigarette fin (of fish) West African Spanish Scomberomorus tritor mackerel vomit exempt mention reduce lower please! rub vigorously; grate prop-roots of the mangrove tree, from which native salt is processed ¹ ² serím -b rám adv. s a. s r s ¹ s ² s ³ s n s l s r n s r ngha s s r s s r sí¹ sí² sí-t n -p r ghá a. v.i. & t. n. n. v.a. v.t. a. a. v.t. v.i. v.t. num. n. siá num.qual. sibe sibe-eye sibeye sibeye-b b sibeye-f n sibíri siíri sikaréti sikó sikósuwei v.t. n. n. n. n.pl. n. v.t. n. n. n. sin¹ sin² sin³ sin4 sinm siséi s. sa v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.cs. excl. v.t. n.pl. Additional Information e.g. ma seri a wò ar d =I have seen him twice. 67 Mein dictionary Mein sd sdm s ká sk s mgbáa s n¹ s n² snf sp sp sp sokí t m solósòlo sondía sondíe sondíekaram soolo sooloí soú s l l s ns n s n mà s n màkaram s nl s nran s nr n s nr nkaram s ¹ s ² s w s w -k r gháb sú sukúlù sukúlù t b s ¹ s ² a. num.qual. num. num.qual. v.t. v.i. v.t. adv. adv. num. ‘ num. qual. v.t. num. qual. num. num. qual. v.t. n. v.i. n. n. n. n. v.t. n. s s s s s s s bi d k r -eye k rb kiri n¹ v.p. v.p. v.p. n. n. n. v.t. s s s s s s s s n.² m m v.i. v.dir. n. v.t. v.t. + v.i. v.t. + v.i. v.t. v.a. f๠fಠr w Pos v.i. v.cs. n. n. v.a. v.t. n. v.p. adv. v.i. English Additional Information suffocate suffocate sting-ray Dasyatidae hiccup, hiccough be constant shave hair reward; prize win a prize solely jerk = tokí t m worrisome six six sixth hang s.t., s.o. be hanging dig; unearth completely; thoroughly carefully seven seventh tickle five five fifth grow piassava hide; conceal; lurk hide-and-seek laziness; sloth school school-child; pupil fight war; battle; fight; strife; conflict challenge wage war; fight a battle intervene in a quarrel weapon peace-maker battle-field; battle-ground stretch e.g. En b bo s n=Stretch your legs. lie down point to purlin enter disappear lose; sustain a loss wash harmonious; compatible 68 Mein dictionary Mein T Pos English ta táa taár taár karam tabá n.f. excl. num. num.qual. v.t. wife abusive word three third suck tabá tabala taboloo tab ta ¹ ta ² ta nm tak . talá v.t. n. v.a. v.t. v.a. n. v.t. v.t. n. tamana tamana ghà Tamára Tamára s mowei tamára -lelei tam tán v.i. a. n. n. comfort; console tilapia sp. Tilapia galilea be insipid, tasteless immerse; steep in water be silent silence boil; cook hook tree whose bark is used for Sacoglottis gabonensis flavouring palm-wine doubt doubtless God angel n. n. v.t. mole (on body) west gather tan tan tantá n v.t. v.i. v.t. tará num.qual. tar ¹ tar ² tar agb tar ba v.t. n. a. n. tar fa a. tar fie n. tar ¹ tar ² tar k m n. n. a. crawl over crawl; creep (of disease) manifest itself by the symptoms three e.g. Tara aw á m zid = She has borne three children. love love; charity loveable; amiable former time e.g. M n tar ba yei=This was my former husband. loveless e.g. Tar -fa ta-m -yei-m akpotu pa kam =Loveless marriage is very dangerous. at first e.g. E tar -fie gba bram bar m gba =Say again what you said at first. reconciliation intimate association same e.g. Tar k m k m k funm furum =It is the same person who stole the book. for some time; since e.g. Ìtar k m k m y a emi=I have been here for some time. grandchild grandchild; scion tar k m ta ta -t b ¹ ² adv. n. n. Additional Information e.g. Wò ag tabam n =He sucking an orange. 69 is e.g. Wó m y a aginegha k tanm n =We are gathering hogplums here. Mein dictionary Mein te te bra te k te seri te ye te y tebi teere teereke teí.¹ teí.² teí-àra teí-ki ri teí-òwei teí-t b Pos int. int. int. int. int. int. n. v.a. a. v.t. n. n.f. n. n. n. tein¹ tein² v.t. v.t. English what? which? how? what? what time? when? what? where? inland be round round play play (female) lover; concubine playground (male) lover child born out of customary marriage shoot shock tein³ teítèí-àr teítèí-t b tek b n m bà tek duón temí¹ temí² v.t. n. n. conj. int. v.t. v.t. sting toy canoe toy baby; doll because why? stick; pierce pound teri terií terim teriye t r t r k t gh .¹ t gh .² t . t m t n. t m ¹ v.t. v.i. v.cs. n. v.a. v.a. v.i. & t. n. v.i. v.t. v.i. v.t. t m ² t m ³ t m 4 t m diye t m owei t m t n ¹ t n ² t r . t t l t t m tiíri tikpi n. n. n. n. n. v.i. n. n. v.t. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. cover; close; shut cover; close; shut conceal lid; a cover (of small size) be round (of small size) be round pray; beg prayer; supplication escape; flee; run away help; relieve flow; be adrift create; shape; fashion; form; mould; make spirit; ghost soul (=k m -t m ) image; shadow mirror; glass creator; maker become soggy thigh altar support; prop. shallow pet cause to delay delay 70 Additional Information e.g. Te ama a?=What town? e.g. Te k en ar a? e.g. mam é teiinm n , yé ò k r ya =The electric cat-fish will shock you if you catch hold of it. e.g. Yè agun pounding fufu. temim n =I am Mein dictionary Mein tikp Pos v.a. English be cheap timí timí-ebi v.i. n. timi-tími a. timíbo-m làm timím n tití tiyeín tb t b ka t b kpeke t b oboim t b otounm tb p l t b -ak -gbò`l t b -èbi t b -gbalaye t b - mb l t b -okori t b -otu¹ t b -otu² t b -otu³ adv. adv. v.t. v.i. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.p. n. n. n. n. n. n.pl. n.pl. n. t b -seriye t b -s n t b -toun t b ka owei t b ka ye t b kiri tbkm t b sa t b sèi t b seriye-t a-b de t ¹ t ² t m ¹ t m ² n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. v.i. v.i. v.cs. v.cs. t kiri¹ t kiri² tn a. n. v. tn t n-ap ran t n-biri t n-ekemu t n-b ra t n-t r t nm n. n. n. n. n. n. v.t. stay the blessing of being a member of a big family like e.g. Ì timi-timi engo k m eken an ere nanagha=A poor man like me can't marry that woman. until now; hitherto till beat sink head; pate trim the hair shake the head bow the head nod behead; decapitate headache luck; fortune head-tie tilapia sp. Tilapia nilotica baldness headmen; leaders cousins on the mother's side overhead Erein-m t b -otu a t i d The sun is overhead. pillow kitchen occiput barber scissors scalp headman tax; taxation misfortune; ill-luck pillow-case stand cease erect stop for the time being; postpone immediate footing call e.g. Gbaye t n pr =Call Gbaye for me. tree bark stem; trunk; log the root of a tree branch of a tree knot in wood send message Additional Information e.g. K r b l Ayakorom f a tikpo kam =Raffia fibre is very cheap in Ayakorom market. 71 Mein dictionary Mein t nm b b t nm t nm tokí t m tokóni tolú tolúm tolúm kirí tolúm -ara tolúm -eye tolúm b tolúmòwei tolúpa Pos n. a. v.p. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. + v.i. n. n. n. n. n. tomú tomú-k m tonwein tonwein-war tóo! tooru n. n. n. n. excl. v.t. English message whole; entire stand on tiptoe flatter pierce teach; instruct teach wrongly instructress; female teacher lesson teacher instructor; male teacher short and narrow passage of water connecting two rivers outside outsider wasp wasp's nest; vespiary Shoo! crunch toriyebaá torótòró toru¹ toru² toun toun d toun t r toung l t k t k t l t l m ¹ t l m ² t l m ³ t m t n¹ t n² t n³ t n.4 t n t nm t np l weí t r ¹ t r .² t r .³ t r àk t r àsei t r bán t r k r t r kpà t r t a di t r -àkpa t r -àk n. n. n. n. adv. v.t. v.p. n. a. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. v.t. n. v.t. v.t. n. n. n. n. v.p. v.p. n.+v.a. v.p. v.p. v.p.+v.t. n. a. fish sp. turkey chalk temple (of the body) behind; back bribe prop axe pure paint pick repair; mend; recondition adorn; decorate; dress settle sea-perch measure forbid; prohibit plan penis light compare centipede river eye kind; sort dazzle loathe; hate be blind satisfy trust; confide in take care of; care for eyelid cruel 72 Additional Information also sokí t m e.g. S t r Tolupa e.g. Obiri-m emgbou w r toorum n =The dog is crunching a bone. Heterobranchus spp. Niger perch Lates niloticus e.g. T kpam t n =Light the lamp. Mein dictionary Mein t r -ay n Pos n. English fish sp., t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t r t t tú¹ tú² tú³ n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. n. n. a. a. n. n. n. n. n. n. a. n. n. n. eyelashes eyebrow style presence teething cowardice coward fish sp. human respect brave; courageous; audacious bravery; courage brave man; valiant man cruel (of wound) septic mudskipper hornet eye-glasses the pupil of the eye presence private part spotless; immaculate bottom, rear, vulva meaning; reason afterwards; later tú b v.p. be late tú d tú duo tú fi em tú gba tú gb n tú koro tú na tú nemi tubó¹ tubó² tubó kiri tubó t a tubók r tubót ab túbulou túduob v.p. v.p. v.p. v.p. v.p. v.a. v.p. v.p. v.t. n. n. v.p. a. n. n. n. enquire; investigate follow move backwards explain; expound retreat; withdraw be behind understand understand to ask the cost of trade trading company trade dear; costly trader vagina follower túk (túk n) a. & adv. next tumgbou tún¹ tún² tuó tuón¹ tuón² n. n. v.i. & t. n. v.t. v.t. tail hat sing grass stop leak in canoe, etc. close bottle with stopper - t m -òkeke -òtein àkubu b n b b -k m d k n k r ¹ k r ² k r -k m sèi¹ sèi² s la tonwein t aye t b y ¹ y ² t Additional Information probably Schilbe mystus Eutropius niloticus 73 and probably Physailia pellucida Periophthalmus papilio e.g. Ò tu a bo n ar m =He came later. e.g. E sukulu a tu b d =You are late for school. e.g. Kristi a tuduob =a follower of Christ e.g. túk n akp =next world Túk n ar =See me later. Mein dictionary Mein tuónyè t á¹ t á² t b k t b t b s m t b -kom -yin t b -yoúgha-zi t b fa t b t b r Pos n. v.t. v.i. int. n. v.p. n. n. a. n. a. English stopper put fester; suppurate (of boils) who? child dandle a child fond mother still-birth childless source of a river eastern t t t t t t n. n. n. n. n. v.t. fireplace lamp; light kerosene lamp-glass; lamp-globe lamp-glass; lamp-globe burn a canoe so as to soften it to be opened cook island; isle (lie in) ambush; waylay; ambuscade b s kpa kpa-beni kpa-emgbi kpa-ololo mgb t t t wa kpá kpás k k mgba mgbáal ng l t t b rá t ta w ra v.t. n. v.i. & t. Additional Information e.g. T b r Easterners otu=Eastern people; n. n. v.a. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. loincloth ladle be stingy spine gland fish sp. beckoning-crab sitatunga onion the sun vámùvámù venvenye viín vinm v.i. n. v.i. v.cs. vá v án vur vurúrù (vurúdù) v.t. adv. v.t. v.a. v r v.t. throb one of the lungs be extinguished, quenched put out light or flame; quench stroke instantly beat a way through the bush be sudden e.g. O Nanaowei, z ak vururu f a t m =O Lord, deliver me from a sudden death. whip; lash; scourge; beat Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (=kelé) Tragelaphus spekii V. 74 Mein dictionary Mein Pos English Additional Information v.i. & t. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. v.t. adv. a. overflow turn translate turn restore; return answer; respond; reply scrub clothe scratch there; yonder other wán³ n. duiker; wánla wará warám war ¹ war ² war k r war -b b war -ki ri war -òtu war fà war kòru wasa wasám wénle wenleí wèri¹ wèri² w nr nw nr n w n w n w n¹ w n² w n pám -f r w r w r v.t. v.i. v.cs. n. n. v.p. n. n. n. a. n. v.i. v.t. v.t. v.i. v.t. n. v.a. v.a. v.i. & t. n. n. v.t. adv. rinse increase multiply; augment house; home family build a house door floor roof homeless wall-gecko disperse spread rock rock abuse; insult abuse; insult completely be spotted walk journey; travel; tour achievement leave now wirí wá ws wò¹ n. v.t. v.t. pron. tortoise; cunning person strip tear off he; it wò² poss.pron. his; its W. wá wa ¹ wa ² wa wa m wa m wa n wa n. walá wán¹ wán² ¹ ² 75 e.g. Wan mu!=Go there! e.g. M d wó wan gbene a mu=Let us go to the other village. Maxwell's duiker Cephalophus maxwelli or Philatomba maxwelli e.g. An y a ò w r =Leave it there. e.g. W r bo f ya f =Come and eat now. (3rd pers. sg. non-fem. before tar kam =He vowel) e.g. Wò loves me very much. Ologbom pa emi; an da wò alagha timi boom n =The cat is out, but it will soon come. (3rd pers. sg. non-fem.) e.g. Wò tumgboum p na k p na emi=Its tail is white. Wò t b ar m Mein dictionary Mein Pos English wó¹ pron. we; us wó² poss.pron. our wot r fa wòye unique his wóye a. poss.pron.ind . pron. Wóyin Wóyin-beni wóyin-t b wuru wuru d s koróm wuru t wuru-ogbudu¹ wuru-ogbudu² wuruk r wuruk r ¹ wuruk r b ² wurut b wurut y n. n. n. n. v.p.+v.dir. v.p. n.pl. n.pl. a. n. n. n. n. ours, first person e.g. Amam wóye=The town is ours. poss.pron.ind. God holy water spotted blind snake Typhlops sp. wine pour libation distil gin the dregs of palm-wine measles drunken; tipsy; intoxicated drunkenness drunkard distiller distillery ya¹ v.t. drench ya² yá¹ yá² yaa yab yab -bi ri v.t. v.i. n. v.a. n. n. dry itch; irritate skin irritation; itch be conspicuous uncle on one's mother's side one's uncle's family; yad n. yaforó n. ya ¹ ya ² n. clitic wife of one's brother, or a brother or sister of one's husband one's wife's mother; motherin-law son ones (tone depends on preceding word) (pl. of yé=one) e.g. Bo ag bo kagha; ka ya k m d m n =These oranges are not Additional Information Woyinm m =His child's name is Woyinmiemi. e.g. Wó ò nemi w r m =We know him. e.g. Wó amam k m bin kam =Our town is very populous. e.g. Funm wòye=The book is his. Y. e.g. Osuo w biri a é yama a?= Were you drenched by rain on the way? 76 a term used to designate the position of a person known as b ré`-eret b who lives in his uncle's house instead of his father's. According to tradition, when such a person dies, all his possessions must be claimed by his paternal relatives because he is an exclusive child of his father. Mein dictionary Mein Pos English ya ya n ya nm yám ¹ v.a. v.i. v.cs. v.cs. be dry break break irritate; "itch" yám v.cs. scratch in order to relieve irritation co-wife wake shake be sloping; slope slope cause to slope send e.g. Funbo k n yar =Send me the books. baby be showy, pompous I (1st pers. sg. subject before vowel) e.g. Yè é nemigha=I do not know you. you (2nd pers. sg. subject before vowel) e.g. Yé nemigha=You don't know me. one e.g. Opu ekpedi k é m d m n , ba n kala yem ya?=Do you want the big box or the small one? husband one's husband's father one's husband's mother husbandless widow live life e.g. Disiin yenrin k m yenrin d m n =I want to live a peaceful life. misbehave abuse; insult abuse; insult mother mother's quarter or town motherless be black and smooth be sugary weep; cry cause to weep or cry cry to tears dissolve; disintegrate become lean as a result of anaemia dissolve to go round ² yanfáran yánr n¹ yánr n² yara yara y yaram yar n. v.t. v.t. v.a. n. v.cs. v.t. yayá yayaya yè n. v.a. pron. yé¹ pron. yé² n. yei yei-da yei-yin yei -fà yei -f -ere yenrin¹ yenrin² n. n. n. a. n. v.i. n. yenrin kirí y k ¹ y k ² yin yin-biri yin -fà yoíi yooyo yoú yoúm ¹ yoúm ² yoúya y ¹ y ² v.i.+v.i. v.t. n. n. n. a. v.a. v.a. v.i. v.cs. v.dir. n.pl. v.i. v.i. y m y r v.cs. v.i. Additional Information ripe; I want ripe ones. 77 e.g. Otomgbolo owein-b b bo yam m n =The mosquito bites are "itching" me/making me itch. Mein dictionary Mein y y -efin y m y n. y nm y ye Pos v.i. & t. n. v.dir. v.i. v.cs. n. English row; paddle wake (of boat) paddle; paddle towards burn cause to burn; set fire to propeller za za zalá¹ zalá² zaláyè za ¹ za ² za m zeére. zelée zelélee zereí zezém z b r n. v.t. v.t. n. v.a. n. v.cs. v.t. a. adv. v.i. v.t. adv. fish-bone comb the hair kick out comb be small, little smallness; littleness belittle shake distant; remote plainly shake repress; curb; check; restrain not very long after z v.i. for some time zi¹ zi² v.t. v.t. bear a child; give birth to (of man) beget zi³ zi k r zibuu zi -f๠zi -fಠzifurou zií¹ zií² zik r zim ¹ n. v.p. v.a. a. n. n.pl. v.a. v.a. n. v.cs. delivery; confinement travail; to be in labour be completely barren; sterile barrenness; sterility offspring be slack be elastic labour (in childbirth) deliver zim ² zn zz . zoó z z zú¹ zú² zuúle. zuzóù zuzu z ¹ v.t. dem. v.t. v.a. pron. v.t. v.t. v.t. a. v.a. v.t. slacken another crush; crumple be glum each other discharge load; unload draw water gargle huge be moderately warm fix rafters Additional Information Z. 78 e.g. E mu timi z b r b , ò pak bom =He came not very long after you had gone. e.g. `$ m y a bo z d =I have been here for some time. e.g. Ogb k Ebiapad zim =It was Ogb who begot Ebiapadei. e.g. M wikim oyia ere zim d =I have delivered women within the week. m ten e.g. War m z d =The rafters have been fixed. Mein dictionary Mein z ² z á z á seri z ¹ z ² z ³ Pos n. dem. adv.p. v.t. v.t. v.t. English rafter some sometimes save; protect heal; treat dispute z z v.a. be cheerful Additional Information e.g. Ma k n -yinb -otu k à da p r z m n =It is two (uterine) brothers who are disputing their father's throne. Proper names use in religious literature J rúsàl m Jek b J n Judiá Jeríkò Júù Jésù Jerusalem Jacob John Judea Jericho Jew Jesus 79