“What Goes
Around Comes
Around”
-EDDIE, 1974
•
Environmental philosophy is the discipline
that studies the moral relationship of human
beings with the environment and its non
human contents. Philosophers believe that
the human person has the ability to change
the environment to suits his purposes.
(Ramos,
The 3 views of
philosophical
environment
•
• Focuses on the significant role of
humankind in the world and considers
nature as the means by which humans
are able to meet their needs and
survive. This view believes that humans
are the most important species on the
planet and they are free to transform
nature and use its resources.
• Believes that humans are not the only
significant species on the planet, and
that all other organism have inherent
value and should be protected. This
view advocates ethical treatment of
animals.
• Places great value on ecosystem and
biological communities. This view believes
that humankind is a part of a greater
biological system or community and that
we have a significant role as stewards or
guardians of nature. This view promotes
the idea that order and balance in nature
brings about stability and beauty.
ENVIRONMENTAL
AESTHETICS
A philosophical view that believes in
maintaining order in the environment
will bring out the natural beauty of
surroundings and contribute to the well
being of the people and other organism
living in it.
(Endriga, 2017)
THEORIES IN
RADICAL
ECOLOGICAL
PHILOSOPHY
• DEEP ECOLOGY
• Arne Naess, proponent of Deep
Ecology, assumes that all living things
posses equal value and intrinsic worth
regardless of their usefulness or utility
to other beings.
• This is experiencing ourselves as part
of the living earth and finding our role in
protecting the planet.
2. SOCIAL ECOLOGY
• Murray Bookchin, proponent of Social
Ecology, believes that ecological problems
can be traced to social problems.
• Societies that are structured around
hierarchies as well as economic classes use
their authority to dominate natural resources
and exploit the environment for profit and selfinterest.
3. Ecofeminism
• It assumes that Man made-centered view of nature is the
root cause of ecological problems.
• Ecofeminism believes that a society that tolerates the
oppression of women is directly linked with its tendency to
tolerate the abuse of the environment and the degradation
of nature.
•It also features the existing patriarchal and capitalist
systems in our society as social and economic exploitative
to the detrimental of women and nature. This theory
benefits the social and political agenda of both females
and nature
ANCIENT
THINKERS
According to the “CreationDetruction”, the sketch of
the genesis of the world
(cosmology), the evolution
of the world begins with the
generation of opposites in a
certain region Nature.
While, according to
Pythagoras, universe is a
living embodiment of nature's
order, harmony and beauty.
He sees our relationship with
the universe involving biophilia
(love of other living things).
And cosmophilia (love of other
living beings).
MODERN
THINKERS
For Modem Thinker, Immanuel
Kant beauty is ultimately a
symbol of morality (goodness).
He believes that the
orderliness of nature and the
harmony of nature with our
faculties guide us toward a
deeper religious perspective.
Herbert Marcuse said about
the power of humans over
nature.
Prudence and Frugality are two of the
many virtues that can
help us in addressing various
environmental problems and solving
the challenges these problems have
created.
Prudence is the capacity to direct and
discipline one's activities and behavior
using reason.
It is the behaviors that is cautious and,
as much as possible, keeps away from
any risks.
•Frugality is the quality of being thrifty.
•It is the careful supervision of one's
resources.
•Frugality, is also the cautious management
of material resources, especially money. A
frugal person always invests time to think
carefully just to save a lot of money.
One of the main benefits of being a frugal
person is that it is environmentally friendly.
When someone is being frugal in using
natural resources like electricity and water.
A frugal person usually lives out the idea of
"reduce, reuse, recycle" just to minimize
expenses. Thus same idea also minimizes
overall environmental impact.
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