Thailand
Literature
Thailand is often
referred to as
“The Land of
Smiles.”
13 Different Smile
Yim cheun chom: The
“I admire you” or “I’m
proud of you” smile.
Fuen Yim: The stiff
smile, also known as
the “I should laugh at
the joke even though
it’s not funny” smile.
Yim mee lessanai: The
smile which masks
something wicked,
such as bad intent.
Yim thak thaan: The “I
disagree with you”
smile, also known as
the “You can go ahead
and propose it but
your idea’s no good”
smile.
Yim thang nam taa:
The “I’m so happy I’m
crying” smile.
Yim thak thaai: The
“polite” smile for
someone you barely
know.
Yim yaw: The teasing,
or “I told you so”
smile.
Yim yae-yae: The “I
know things look
pretty bad but there’s
no point in crying over
spilt milk” smile.
Yim sao: The sad
smile.
Yim haeng: The dry
smile, also known as
the “I know I owe you
the money, but I don’t
have it” smile.
Yim cheuad-cheuan:
The “I am the winner”
smile; a smile given to
a losing competitor.
Yim soo: The “smiling
in the face of an
impossible struggle”
smile.
Yim mai awk: The
“I’m trying to smile,
but can’t” smile.
BANGKOK
Thailand's capital, a fast-buzzing city of over eight million people.
RELIGION
• The predominant religion in
Thailand is Buddhism,
specifically Theravada
Buddhism. The religion
practiced in Thailand is
somewhat unique to other
Buddhist nations, having been
infused with many outside
elements. Hindu practices and
traditional Chinese beliefs
have influenced local beliefs to
an extent, with animist beliefs
playing a large role in making
Thai Buddhism what it is
today.
Language
 Thai language is the
official
language
of Thailand, one could say
English is its unofficial
second language.
Language
 The Thai language features five tones: high,
mid, low, rising, and falling, each of which
changes
the
meaning
of
particular
‘words’. Visitors unfamiliar with tonal languages
often have difficulty pronouncing even the most
basic terms when learning to speak Thai, but with
some
practice
visitors
find
that
Thai
people enjoy helping them with their
pronunciation of the Thai language. Written Thai
is based on an alphabet adopted from the
Khmers of Cambodia and is said to have become
standardized during the reign of King
Ramkhamhaeng during the Sukhothai period.
Vocabulary at work
Sawadee
Hello!
Chai
Yes!
Mai
No!
Aaj Ja
Maybe
Khop khun
Thank you
Khor thoad
Sorry, Excuse me
Kun pood paasaa anggrit dai mai
Can you speak English?
Mai pen rai
No worries
 Hello / Good bye
Language
-Sawasdee
How are you ?
-Sabaïdee maï?
My name is Jean
-Chew Jean
Nice to meet you
-Yin dee tee daï rou djak
• Thailand is the world largest exporter
of rice, and it is the staple part of a Thai
diet. Rice is by no means just a food
source in Thai culture but is also
associated with certain gods and
traditions, differing in certain regions. It
is unacceptable in Thailand to leave rice
on your plate to be thrown away, as it is
widely believed that it will anger the ‘god
of rice’ a female deity who ensures that
everyone will have enough food to
survive upon.
Literature
Thai Literature was traditionally heavily
influenced by Indian culture. Thailand’s
national epic is a version of the Ramayana
called the Ramakien. A number of versions of
the epic were lost in the destruction of
Ayutthaya in 1767. Three versions currently
exist: one of these was prepared under the
supervision (and partly written by) King Rama
I. His son, Rama II, rewrote some parts for
khon drama. The main differences from the
original are an extended role for the monkey
god Hanuman and the addition of a happy
ending.
The most important poet in Thai literature
was Sunthorn Phu, who is best known for
his romantic adventure story Phra Aphai
Mani and nine travel pieces called
Nirats.
Literature
Kings Rama V and Rama VI were also
writers, mainly of non-fiction works as
part of their programme to combine
Western knowledge with traditional Thai
culture.
Literature
Thai Wai
Traditional
Dance
• Khon - One of the bestknown classical dances is
the UNESCO Heritage
Khon Dance, often
performed in the royal
court with masked dancers
and a narrator. With a
history of 400 years, the
dance evolved from the
ritual and dance of the
Hindu temple.
Lakhon Nai
• (court dance drama) is a dance
drama with chorus singing and
accompanied by a Pi Phat ensemble.
It is a court entertainment which
features an all-female cast (with the
male roles performed en travestie)
and has a long history dating back to
the Ayutthaya era. Lakhon Nai only
depicts four stories --the Ramakian,
Unnarut, Dalang and Inao.
Li-khe
• Throughout Thailand, Likhe is a very popular folk
dance performed with
elaborate costumes and
amusing humor. The
scripts tell the story of
love with the performers,
often using improvisation
for a funny and engaging
act.
Boatman’s Love Song?
~
• Boatman’s Love Song?
A happy and reckless youth I am
As I ply boat on the deep. Menam;
My song shall end and my song begin
In praise of there, my darling.
CHORUS: Begin with the head and end with the toes;
My praise shall be strong as the tide
That flows.
Who that has been e’er forgot
Thy pretty hair tied in a sweet knot?
CHORUS: Begin with the head and end with the toes;
My praise shall be strong as the tide
That flows.
Thy eyebrow black, I’m sure that each
Is a shiny as any healthy leech;
No elephant, white, black, short, or tall,
Can boast of such eyes, so loving and small
CHORUS: Begin with the head and end with the toes;
My praise shall be strong as the tide
That flows.
As for thy nose, I’m certain that
None other has come has one so wide and flat;
And the ebony’s bark in its core beneath’
Was never so black as thy shiny teeth
CHORUS: Begin with the head and end with the toes;
My praise shall be strong as the tide that flows
Complexion of gold and a high cheek-bone,
Such a lovely bride as my darling Chin.
CHORUS: Begin with the head and end with the toes;
My praise shall be strong as the tide
That flows.
Thy frame is as light as the forest stag
And as strong and firm as a rocky crag;
Thy feet and toes (the more good luck)
As pretty and broad as the web-footed duck.
CHORUS: Begin with the head and end with the toes;
My praise shall be strong as the tide
That flows.
1. What descriptions can
you give to the feelings of
the boatman?
2. What does the chorus
mean? Does it support the
poet's view on love? Why?
3. Which part of the song
appealed you the most?
5. Compare the feelings of
the boatman to the feelings
of Filipinos
Three Line Poem
~
Theme
1. What emotions
expressed in this
haiku?
were
Thai
Theme
2. What was the symbolism
used by the writer? Explain.
Theme
3. What is the dominant
subject matter discussed in
the haiku?
Literary Approach
5. How do you differentiate
a rural life from an urban
life?
Literary Approach
6. What makes a haiku
different from other kind of
poetry?
Summary Collection of Thai Century
Literatures
In the project ASEAN 20 th
Century Literatures, the Office
of Contemporary Art and
Cultureimplements this project
to promote understanding of
Thai Culture and way of life
among foreignreaders
Three short stories and six
poems are translated into
English.
SMILE OF THE RICE GODDESS By
Chiranan Pitpreecha
• This poem portrays pestle crushing of rice by
several female farmers, showing harmony
and mutual kindness as well as the
agricultural tradition in Thailand.
Onomatopoeia is mainly used, resonating
the sound of pestle crushing and creating the
image of harmonious rhythmic trampling. As
rice growing is the most important
profession in Thailand, the poem successfully
symbolizes the farmers, female ricegrowers
and its nation.
CHAMPOON By
Dhep
Mahapaorayais
• Champoon is a novella portraying Thai
society prior to 1942 about the tragic
love between Nai Amnuey and the
beautiful girl named Champoon.
when women are mostly deprived of
their rights and freedom. Their
marriage needed to be approved by
their parents. In this novella, the
heroine, Champoon, has a forbidden
love with a non-local man. Having
him as her one and only love leads
Champoon to her doom.
MAUM By
Kukrit Pramoj
• Maum reveals the hardship of life in
Bangkok during World War II (1942-1945).
Families fell apart- separation and poverty
were commonplace. Men became soldiers.
Women and children were killed by bombs.
The author narrates the story through thru
the eyes of a dog named “Maum”, turning
series of unfortunate events into
something lively and hopeful. Maum was
very loyal to his master. With this kind of
loyalty, the dog pretended his master from
turning into a thief. The author seems to
speak from the dog’s heart.
THE BARBS By
Phaitoon
Thanya
• The Barbs is a short story reflecting the spirit and
the way of living of Thai rural people in
agricultural society, which is based on friendship.
Old people are full of tender loving care.
However, materialism and technological
advancement create an industrial society in
which friendship and compassion are in doubt.
An old lady’s consideration is then not welcomed
by a new mother who knows little about raising
a newborn baby. It takes time for her to
understand the old lady’s true intention. The
author clearly shows the changing portrayal of
Thai society, using the pleated barbs as the
symbol of rural compassion.
WHAT IS SUCH
FORGING?
By Ujjeni
• This poem inspires people to get
up and fight various obstacles in
life. It raises the feeling of pride
for being human. Filled with
figures of speech showing vivid
pictures and profound emotions,
it is a classic poem inspiring
people especially the young
generations of each era.
A POET’S
PLEDGE 1&2
By Angkram
Kalayanapong
• The two poems under the same
name written in different eras
demonstrate and greatness of poets
which differentiates from ordinary
people. In general, the ultimate goal
of any Buddhist is to practice
Dharma and reach nirvana. However,
the poet in this poem(referring to
the author) makes a pledge that he
would rather write forever without
any wish for nirvana. His only wish is
to create poetry for the world- to
convey the meaning of all earthly
matter through great poetry to
benefit the world.
E-SAN By Nai
Pee
• This poem vividly portrays the
drought of E-san, or the northeast,
duringpre-1950’s in a realistic way
possible. The poet employs various
figures of speech to successfully
create rich emotions enabling the
Thai people to realise how barren Esan was at that time. Having a
represented the poet’s appeal to the
world and humankind, this poem is
another piece of the Thai classics.
The author was a poet, a prosecutor
and a political activist.
MERE
MOVEMENT
By Naowarat
Pongpaiboon
ARRIVAL OF
NIRVANA AT EGG
–NOODLESHOP
By Montri
Sriyong
Film Review
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Film
Review
Main Topic 4:
Myanmar Literature
ASEAN
Country Map
(MYANMAR)
❖ Burmese - the mother tongue
of the Bamar and official
language of Myanmar.
❖ It is written in a script
Language consisting of circular and
semi-circular letters, which
comes from the Mon script.
❖ Mon script - The Mon language is
a recognized indigenous language
in Myanmar as well as a
recognized indigenous language of
Thailand.
Language
Baybayin
❖ From 15th century up to the 19th
century, palm leaf (scratched with the
stylus) and fold paper literature
became common. Such work were
filled with Buddhist piety and courtly
Literature refinement of language. The authors
were monks, educated courters and
court poetesses. Prose works during
this period were few, mostly
Buddhist scriptures and chronicles of
kings.
Palm-leaf and Folded Paper
❖ It was in the form of drama and epistles or
missives, written in verse. Works on law
and history were written in prose. Many
dramas were written during the 16th to
18th centuries, while in the 19th century,
poems, drama, and chronicles were
produced.
Literature
❖ Novels were a later development; the first
Myanmar novel was an adaptation of
Alexander Dumas' The Count of Monte
Cristo, but written in a Myanmar setting.
❖ Modern Myanmar literature can be
said to have had its beginnings in
the 1930s when the University
of Yangon was founded and the
Department of Myanmar Studies
Literature established. There was a new
development in literature known as
the khitsan movement whose
writers used a simple and direct
style that has continued to this day.
❖ Burmese literature has historically been a very
important aspect of Burmese life steeped in
the Pali Canon of Buddhism. Traditionally,
Burmese children were educated by monks in
monasteries in towns and villages. During
British
colonial
rule,
instruction
was
formalised and unified, and often bilingual, in
both English and Burmese known as AngloVernacular. Burmese literature played a key
role in disseminating nationalism among the
Burmese during the colonial era, with writers
such as Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, an outspoken
critic of British colonialism in Burma.
Literature
Culture of
Myanmar
• Myanmar's traditional culture is an amalgam of folk
and royal culture.
• The most conspicuous manifestation of Buddhist
culture is the magnificent architecture and sculpture
of Myanmar's many temples and monasteries,
notably those at Pagan, Mandalay, andYangon.
• The most popular dramatic form is the pwe, which
is performed outdoors.
• Jatakas, the stories of the former lives of the
Buddha.
Myanmar
Religion
•
In Union of Myanmar majority of the population are
Buddhist, Theravada Buddhism is professed widely.
Religious intolerance or discrimination on grounds
of religion is non-existence in the Union of Myanmar
throughout it's long history. The main religions of present
day Myanmar are Buddhism (89.20%),
Christianity (5.05%), Muslims (3.78%), Hindus (0.55%),
and Animism (1.27%) and other faiths such as Bahai Sikhs,
Lipian fujianhal, Chinese, etc.(0.61%). Theravada
Buddhism flourishes in Myanmar .With reference to stone
inscriptions, palm leaf inscriptions and court chronicles tell
us that Buddhism arrived in Myanmar not once but many
times.
• Its two main branches are the Theravada and Mahayana doctrines.
• The Agar Mha Panditta Ashin Thittila said, "Theravada Buddhism
is not a religion in a sense in which that word is commonly
understood, it is not a system of faith or worship. It is a path to
follow for harmonious living and its essence is Metta, loving
kindness to all creature and self".
• Buddha means "Enlightened One" and refers to northern Indian
prince Siddharta Gautama (c. 563-483 B.C.). Prince Siddharta left a
life of privilege to wander the world as a poor, religious man in
search of the meaning of life. After many years of seeking and a
period of intense meditation, he finally reached a peaceful state of
mind that was free from all worldly desires. Buddhists call this
plane of existence nirvana, or the state of Enlightenment.
Shin-byu: The Making of a Monk
• Shin-byu is a religious ceremony that all Buddhist boys are expected to undergo. It is
considered the highest merit-earning act for the family. During the ceremony, would-be
monks, or novices, are dressed in fine clothes to imitate the Buddha's early life as a
prince. The boys are then carried, paraded on a horse, or taken in a car around the
neighborhood. Their families hold elaborate feasts. Then comes the head shaving rite,
which symbolizes giving up a life of luxury. A boy's parents usually hold out a white
towel to collect his hair as his head is shaved. Newly shorn novices say prayers in Pali
with monks, then enter a monastery, usually only for a few days or a week - shin-byu
monkhood is temporary. At the monasteries, the novices learn to meditate, read the
Buddhist Scriptures, and do humble tasks, such as sweeping the premises and running
errands for the monks. Shin-byu is so important in Myanmar cultural life that families
without sons occasionally "adopt" nephews, male cousins, or other boys to hold the
ceremony. Towns and villages sometimes hold mass cerem.
Festivals of Myanmar
• Among the many festivals in Myanmar, Thingyan is the
merriest and one of the few observed all over the country.
Thingyan welcomes the Myanmar New Year by washing
away the dirt of the body and bad memories of the old year.
Everyone who ventures out of the house risks getting doused
from head to toe by enthusiastic revellers. As it so very hot
no one minds this a bit. Young people enjoy it most of all.
Although they act scared of being soaked, it is a fine way of
showing off to the opposite sex.
Thingyan Festivals
• Thagyamin, King of the Celestials, visits earth
every year at this time in human form. The festival
starts on the day of his descent, and ends with his
ascent back to his celestial kingdom four or five
days later. It is believed that during his stay on
earth Thagyamin examines every human being and
inscribes the names of all the good on a golden
tablet, while the bad are recorded on a dog-skin.
Parents warn their children to behave and not kill
or steal or tell lies because 'Thagyamin is
watching'. Thagyamin is also custodian of the
Buddha's teachings. He is a good-hearted god who
helps all those in need. The word Thingyan comes
from a Sanskrit word meaning 'the passing of the
sun from Pisces into Aries'. The day of Thagyamin
ascent marks the beginning of the Myanmar New
Year, and usually falls at the end of the second
week of April.
Thadingyut festival
•Thadingyut, Myanmar festival of
lights, is celebrated at the end of
Lent (September/October). Houses
and state buildings in Myanmar are
ablaze with lantern, candles, or
electric bulbs. Young people show
their respect for elders by formally
presenting them with gifts of food or
longyi. This festival observes the
event when the Buddha came down
to the earth after the end of Lent. At
the festival, there are concerts and
zat (Myanmar traditional theater) in
every cities. People are usually
crowded in the stalls near those
concerts.
Myanmar Traditional
Foods
•
Because Myanmar has diverse geographical
features, favourable seasonal conditions and is naturally
endowed with fertile soil and water resources, it boasts
an abundant supply of food in a great variety all year
around. Myanmar people enjoy rice as their main food
and it comprises about 75% of the diet. Rice is served
with meat or fish, soup, salad and vegetables all cooked
in their own ways, and some relishes to complement the
meal.
The Kindergarten Teacher
~by
Aung Thinn
The Wedding
Reception
by Nyi Pu Lay
Brunei
A S E A N L I T E R AT U R E
Brunei’s Flag
• Yellow-Symbol of Generosity
• White-Peace and Honesty
Capital
Bandar Seri Begawan,
formerly (until 1970)
Brunei Town, capital
of Brunei. The city lies along
the Brunei River near its
mouth on Brunei Bay, an
inlet of the South China
Sea on the northern coast of
the island of Borneo.
Economy
• Major oil producer
• 1.4 Bruneian Dollars =1 US
• Flat coast with mountain
regions in the East
• Natural disaster are common
• Prone to tsunamis on the
Northern coast
Geography
Religion
• Muslim is the office
religion
• Others religions are
allowed, but are
restricted
• Some Christian holidays are
recognized
• 67% Muslim, 13% Buddhist,
10% Christian
• Mostly consists of
Muslim clothing
• Strict rules, no Westernlike clothing
Clothing
• Some people can
wear shorts, Tshirts, etc.
Language
The official language
is Malay, with English as a
major second language.
Many Chinese speak
southern varieties
of Chinese, and many
learn Mandarin in school.
Government
• Constitutional
Monarchy
• Based on the English
common law
• Shariah Law can exceed constitution
at times
• Sultan is Hassanal Bolkiah
Food
• Heavily influenced by South East
Asian countries
• Slight influence from East Asian
countries
• Fish and rice are the staple foods
• Beef and other meats are
expensive
• Alcohol is
banned
History
• Sultan of Brunei
ruled from 16th
century
• Originally had more territory such as
the Philippines
• European influence ended the Sultan
reign
• Had a war with Spain for
independence
Art /
Literature
• Influenced by Sultanan rule and
Traditional heritage
• Mix of modernized art and traditional
art
Currency
• Have the Bruneian dollar
• Divided from the US dollar
• 1.4 Bruneian Dollars = 1 US
THE OILFIELD LABORERS
Distraught - deeply upset and agitated.
Conflagration - an extensive fire which destroys a great deal of land or property.
Suspended - to stop something from being active, either temporarily or
permanently
Mist - water in the form of particles floating or falling in the atmosphere at or
near the surface of the earth and approaching the form of rain
Stumps - the part of something such as a tree, tooth, arm, or leg that is left after
most of it has been removed
Vocabulary
at Work
Smouldering - burn slowly with smoke but no flame.
Derrick - a kind of crane with a movable pivoted arm for moving or lifting heavy
weights, especially on a ship.
Taunting - intended to provoke someone in
an insulting or contemptuous manner.
Emblazoned - conspicuously inscribe or display a design on.
Protrude - extend beyond or above a surface.
Akimbo - with hands on the hips and elbows turned outward.
Frantic - wild or distraught with fear, anxiety, or other emotion.
After Reading
1. What role does Yasid play in the story? Is it major or minor?
2. Who does he interact with? Who is/ are important to Yasid?
3. What possessions does Yasid have?
4. What character is Yasid?
Culture:
1. What cultures of Brunei are shown in the fiction.
2. 2. Are there any similarities with the Philippines?
BONEO’S GREEN HEART
Den - a wild animal's lair or habitation.
Oasis - a fertile spot in a desert, where water is found.
Tranquility - the quality or state of being tranquil; calm.
Vocabulary
at Work
Neoclassical - of, relating to, or constituting a revival or
adaptation of the classical especially in literature, music, art,
or architecture.
Comport - conduct oneself; behave.
Sultanate- A sovereign or vassal princely state—usually
Muslim—where the ruler is styled sultan. The office or position
of sultan.
1. What is the intention of this of this
piece? Why do you think it is created?
2. Does it serve its purpose?
Elements of Poetry:
1. Is there any element that makes the
poem appreciative?
Travel Brunei Darussalam
Poem - Bandar Seri Begawan
by John Tiong Chunghoo
Jungle - an area of land overgrown with dense forest and tangled vegetation, typically in the tropics.
Produce- make or manufacture from components or raw materials.
Gleaming - (of a smooth surface) reflecting light, typically because very clean or polished.
Flora and fauna - refer to plants and animals in the broadest sense of the words, encompassing pretty
much all life on earth.
Subjects - a person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.
Vocabulary
at Work
Sampan - a flat-bottomed skiff used in eastern asia and usually propelled by two short oars.
Stilt - either of a pair of upright poles with supports for the feet enabling the user to walk at a distance
above the ground.
Poignant - evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.
Rucksack - a bag with shoulder straps that allow it to be carried on someone's back, typically made of a
strong, waterproof material and widely used by hikers; a backpack.
Baju melayu - a form of traditional wear worn by the malay community.
Egret - a heron with mainly white plumage, having long plumes in the breeding season.
Cutlery - knives, forks, and spoons used for eating or serving food.
Harem - (in former times) the separate part of a muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and
female servants.
After
Reading
Understanding:
1. Why do you think the concert of Michael
Jackson is mentioned in the poem?
2. What is the focus of the second stanza?
Why do you think it is added in this piece?
3. How come there are filling stations in the
river?
4. Newlyweds speed away in their boats, what
does this mean? What is the implication?
Culture:
1. What does all the description tell about the
country?
2. How the persona in the poem value the
country?
VIETNAM
LITERATURE
VIETNAMESE LITERATURE
Vietnamese literature was
developed at an early
date. Despite the harsh
trials of history in the form
of repeated foreign
invasion, its own
characteristics remain.
2
VIETNAMESE LITERATURE
It is includes two major
components which have
developed simultaneously
and are profoundly
interrelated: Folk literature
and written literature
3
FOLK LITERATURE
Vietnamese folk literature
came into being very early
and had a profound effect
on the spiritual life of the
Viet’s.
4
FOLK LITERATURE
Legends, fairy tales,
humorous stories, folk
songs, epics and so on have
a tremendous vitality and
have live on today.
5
WRITTEN LITERATURE
First appeared around the
10th century. It had a
leading role and bore the
main traits of Vietnamese
literature.
7
WRITTEN LITERATURE
From the 10th century,
literary works were written
in Han (classical Chinese)
and chu nom.
8
WRITTEN LITERATURE
Well-known works written
in chu nom included Chinh
Phu Ngam by female poet
Doan Thi Diem, the Kieu
story by Nguyen Du, and
chu nom poems of female
poet Ho Xuan Huang.
9
EXAMPLE OF
POETRY
WRITTEN LITERATURE
In the 20’s, and the
following decades, the
country’s literature was
written in Vietnamese quoc
ngu (Romanized national
language)
11
VIETNAM LITERATURE
From the on Vietnamese
literature developed
constantly, particularly
during the two wars of
resistance for national
liberation.
12
VIETNAM LITERATURE
Traditionally,
Vietnamese Literature
always featured
patriotism, national
pride and humanism. It
was not by chance that
great cultural
personalities such as
Nguyen Trai, Nguyen
Du and ho Chi Minh
were also humanitists
VIETNAM LITERATURE
• Is a literature, both oral and
written, created largely by
Vietnamese speaking people.
• Although Francophone
Vietnamese and Englishspeaking Vietnamese authors
in Australia and United States
are counted by many critics
as part of the national
tradition
POEM
Types of Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Narrative Poetry
Descriptive Poetry
Subtypes
Sonnet
Shakespearean or English
Petrarchan or Italian
Haiku
Elegy
Limerick
Ballad
Ode
Sound Devices:
Alliteration
Assonance
Consonance
Onomatopoeia
Rhyme
Rhythm
Figurative Devices:
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Irony
Metonymy
Synecdoche
ESSENTIAL PHRASES
YOU'LL NEED IN VIETNAM
Dạ / Không (yah / comb) — Yes / No
Xin Lỗi (sin loy) / Excuse Me
Tôi không hiểu. (toy comb hey-oo) / I don’t understand
Hẹn gặp lại (hen gap lie) / See you again
Nhà vệ sinh ở đâu? (nah vey sin uh dow) / Where is the
bathroom?
Rẽ trái / Rẽ phải (ray-uh try / ray-uh fy) — Turn left / Turn
right
Vietnamese Customs And Traditions
1. Ancestor Worship
2. Burning votive paper
3. Wedding
The Cherished Daughter
Mother, I am eighteen this year
and still without a husband.
What, Mother, is your plan?
The magpie brought two matchmakers
and you threw them the challenge:
not less than five full quan,
five thousand areca nuts,
five fat pigs,
and five suits of clothes.
Mother, I am twenty-three this year
and still without a husband.
What, Mother, dear, is your plan?
The magpie brought two matchmakers
and you threw them the challenge:
not less than three full quan,
three thousand areca nuts,
three fat pigs,
and three suits of clothes.
Mother, I am thirty-two this year
and still without a husband.
What, Mother, darling, is your plan?
The magpie brought two matchmakers
and you threw them the challenge:
not less than one full quan,
one thousand areca nuts,
one fat dog this time,
and one suit of clothes.
Mother, I am forty-three this year.
Still without a husband.
Mother, look, Mother,
will you please just give me away?
The Cherished Daughter
The poem ends in a question. Answer it or
give it your own ending by adding three to
four line verse after the last stanza.
A School Boy’s Apology
By Le Thanh Huan
If sometimes I fall asleep in a lecture
Or shout and scream as if alone
Please forgive me, please don’t be angry
For I have no place to play.
I’m growing up I want to be a sailor
I’m wishing for a giant arena, a stream
I feel like yelling my life is beginning
Every minute I want to hold tight to my dreams.
But the fires of war have shriveled my joys
At every step I see guns turned on me
At every word I hear the crash of steel
Not believing, not understanding I only stare.
The slaughter goes on and on,
Blood and bones and hatred all strained red.
People running from the front to look out for themselves
Cheating, lying, stabbing others in the back
Some of my friends have fallen.
No one knew, no one cared, they were dewdrops that’s all.
My home will be burnt to the ground
The way back cut off, partitioned...
Inside Submarines
by Phan Nhien Hao
tr. Linh Dinh
We live inside odd-shaped submarines
chasing after secrets and the darkness of the ocean
on a voyage toward plastic horizons
where vague connections can never be reached
and hopes are not deployed
before the storm arrives and the alarm command starts
to rouse the last illusions to stand up and put life jackets on
looking to each other for help
Once I was at the equator
trying to slice the earth in half along the dotted line
but someone held my hand and said:
“If you do that, friend, water will fall into the void,
and then our submarine
won’t have any place to dive
ASEAN Literature:
Discovering Identity Amidst
Diversity
MAIN TOPIC 1: PHILIPPINES (part 2)
Tata Selo
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○
○
ni
Rogelio Sikat
Nagsimula ang kwento sa Istaked na kung saan pinagkakaguluhan ng mga tao si Tata Selo sa kadahilanang
napatay nito ang Kabesang Tano na nagmamay-ari ng lupang sinasakahan ni Tata Selo, na ayon sa kanya ay
pag-aari niya noon subalit naisanla niya at naembargo.
Nataga at napatay ni Tata Selo ang Kabesa sa kadahilanang pinaalis ito sa kanyang lupang sinasakahan subalit
tumanggi at pinagpilitan ni Tata Selo na malakas pa siya at kaya pa niyang magsaka, subalit tinungkod ito ng
tinungkod ng Kabesa sa noo paliwanag ni Tata Selo sa binatang anak ng pinakamayamang propitaryo, sa
Alkalde at maging sa Hepe na nagmalupit sa kanya sa loob ng istaked na pawang mga kilala ng Kabesa.
Nang makalawang araw, dumalaw ang anak niyang si Saling na dati’y nakatira at nanilbihan sa Kabesa,
subalit umuwi ito sa kadahilanang nagkasakit ito makalawang araw bago ang insindente, Nakakahabag si Tata
Selo nang maisipan nalang nitong pauwiin si Saling sa kadahilang wala na silang magagawa, pinatawag si
Saling nang Alkalde sa kaniyang tanggapan at pinuntahan niya iyon at hindi nakinig sa ama nito, dumating
muli ang bata na dumalaw sa kanya at inutusan upang pumunta sa tanggapan ng alkalde subalit hindi ito
papasukin pahayag ng bata, hindi ito inalintana ni Tata Selo at sinabi nalang nito na "inagaw sa kanya ang
lahat
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3
4
5
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Theme
1. What reality does the fiction present?
2. What makes you think about it? What clues
does the author use to show the theme?
3. As a young person, what can you do about it?
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Narration
1. What narration is used in this fiction?
2. Is there any other narration that will make this
fiction more appealing?
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Literary Approach
(Feminism)
1. What do you think is the illness of Saling?
2. How is Saling depicted in the fiction?
3. What do you think the mayor did to her? Why didn’t she want to go home?
4. What does the author want to tell of the role of the mayor towards Saling?
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ASEAN Literature:
Discovering Identity Amidst
Diversity
MAIN TOPIC 1: PHILIPPINES
○
PEARL OF THE ORIENT
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The Philippines is called Asia's pearl of the
orient for the richness of its culture and the
beauty of its landscape. It is home to
centuries old churches, turn of the century
mansions, ancient forts and modern
museums. The Philippines is an archipelago
comprising 7,100 islands. With its extensive
coastline, the country offers the best of island
beaches, white sand blue water teeming with
marine life, corals and lush foliage. The
Philippines is blessed with a moderate
climate making it an ideal sun holiday
destination.
Manila
•
Manila, capital and chief city of the Philippines. The city is the
centre of the country’s economic, political, social, and cultural
activity. It is located on the island of Luzon and spreads along
the eastern shore of Manila Bay at the mouth of the Pasig
River.
•
The city’s name, originally Maynilad, is derived from that of
the nilad plant, a flowering shrub adapted to marshy
conditions, which once grew profusely along the banks of the
river; the name was shortened first to Maynila and then to its
present form. In 1975, by presidential decree, Manila and
its contiguous cities and municipalities were integrated to
function as a single administrative region, known
as Metropolitan Manila (also called the National Capital
Region); the Manila city proper encompasses only a small
proportion of that area.
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CULTURE
○ The culture of the Philippines comprises a blend of
traditional Filipino and Spanish Catholic traditions,
with influences from America and other parts of Asia.
The Filipinos are family oriented and often religious
with an appreciation for art, fashion, music and food.
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Philippine society
Then and Now
○
The Philippines is one of the richest countries in terms of culture, tradition, and values.
They have vibrant cultures, beliefs, customs, and traditions all over the archipelago but
over the decades, it seems like Filipinos have changed very quickly. This may be due to
modern technology and science, or from modern thinking gained from the widespread
influence of foreign countries from the media.
○ Religion
○ Politics
○ Economic
○ Social
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TRADITIONS
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○ 1. Competitive Karaoke- Having
originated in Japan, this fun pastime
found itself on Philippine shores very
quickly. With karaoke studios
peppered across every municipality,
there’s always room for everyone’s
favourite sport: competitive singing!
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○ 2. Bayanihan - As a country that is prone to typhoons
and volcano eruptions, Filipinos have seen their fair
share of natural calamities. Always resilient and lighthearted, Philippine culture often entails
a bayanihan character, best expressed during times
of crisis.
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○ 3. Fiestas
Having been colonised by Spain for more than 300
years, a large number of Filipino citizens identify as
Christians. Most provinces have a patron saint and
celebrate fiestas or festivals in their honour.
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○ 4. Four-month Christmas
○ Filipinos love an excuse to party, and
Christmas is the biggest, longest party of
all. In the Philippines, they start celebrating
three months early, giving them the longest
Christmas season in the world! It starts as
soon as the "Ber-Months" do — SeptemBER,
OctoBER, NovemBER and … DecemBER!
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○ 5. Filipinos love to eat. . . and drink!
○ Although this rings true for all cultures and
countries, the jovial Filipino character is definitely
best expressed through food.
○ Trivia: "tagay" is the oft-used Pinoy equivalent
for cheers!, though you may also hear the call-out
"kampay" often, which is a localised form of the
Japanese "kanpai", meaning to 'empty the glass'.
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○
LITERARY
WORKS
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After Reading
Narration:
○ 1. Who is telling the story?
○ 2. What point of view is used?
○ 3. Why is she telling the story?
○ 4. How is the story told? What technique is used?
○ 5. What do you think if the story is told in another
perspective?
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An author uses narrative conventions in writing fictions. They are the techniques used by the author in
making meaning in the fiction. These may be particular to characters, development of plot, settings,
point-of-view, or style.
With regard to plot convention, it has a number of techniques. These are backstory, tells the events of
the story that happen before the present story; Chekhov’s gun, tells of an inherent object inserted in the
narrative;in medias res, narration that starts at the middle of the story; narrative hook, tells a catchy story
opening to hook the attention of the readers; story within a story or hypodiegesis, tells a story within a
story; deus-ex- Machina,tells a good character in a bad situation ensures character wins with an
unexpected or implausible used to resolve the situation; plot twist, tells a surprise ending; poetic justice,
tells a reward to the good characters and punishes the bad characters; cliffhanger, tells and abrupt ending
which places the main characters in a perilous situation with no resolution; flashback, tells an interjected
scene of the story that takes it back in time from the current point in the story and often used to tell the
events that happened before another important event; flash forward tells a scene that takes the narrative
to a future time from the current point of the story ; foreshadowing, indicates or hints something is
coming in the latter part of the story.
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Point-of-view is a narrative convention which tells from whose perspective is the story told. It may be a
character, first person point-of view; third person narrator, telling the story by an impersonal narrator not
affected by story situations; and unreliable narrator, telling the story by an insincere narrator, misleading
the readers; stream of consciousness, exposing the character’s mind to the readers through his
monologue; audience surrogate, character who expresses queries or agitations which are the same
questions that readers would ask.
Another convention is style. There are also a number of techniques under this convention. Figures of
speech like hyperbole, metonymy, euphemism, oxymoron, and many more are style techniques. Pathos
or emotional appeal is another style technique used to inspire or pity a character.
In addition to these techniques for style are sensory detail, which forms mental images of scenes using
descriptive words; Leitwortstil, which repeats on purpose the words that usually express a motif or
theme important to the story; dramatic visualization, which presents an object or character with much
description or gestures and dialogues making scenes vivid for the audience.
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Theme
○ 1. What reality of life is shown in the story?
○ 2. Which parts of the story reveal this?
○ 3. If you were Mabuti, how will you react to people’s
negative comments to you?
○ 4. If you knew your teacher’s secret, will you react the
same as the student who said “Gaya ng kanyang ama?”
○ 5. If you were Mabuti, how will you respond to this
reaction?
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The theme of the story is the underlying message or the central idea. It is about life that the author is
conveying in the story which is universal in nature.it is about human experience.
Short stories often have one theme. The theme is entwined in the story which is reflected in the
characters’ words and actions, events, and other elements. The reader can ask himself the following to
get the theme:
What is the author trying to convey in the characters and events of the fiction?
What are the key phrases or sentences? Repeating symbols or motifs is a writer’s way of revealing the
theme.
What’s the big idea - love, hate, war, passion, peace, friendship, crime ? Does the title suggest the
theme?
What does the story tell about human life?
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Literary Approach: Feminism
1. Is Matute’s creation of Mabuti moral?
2. Does Matute elevate or not women’s role in society through Mabuti?
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Feminism uplifts women goals by defining and establishing equality in the family,civil, social,
political, and economic arena. Feminist literature is often associated with literary pieces written by
women that deal with women in the society. It also involves characters or ides which chide the
common gender norms dominated with masculinity. This approach gives an impact to the voice of
women.
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