SEAM 2 Ship Construction PRELIM Ship Construction SHIP is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, Types of Ships Ships are mainly classified into the following types: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Container Ship Bulk Carriers Tanker Ships Car Ships/ Passenger Ship Off Shore Ship General Cargo Ship Types of Ships 1. Container Ships a vessel structured specifically to hold huge quantities of cargo compacted in different types of containers. Types of Container Ships On Basis Of Sizes: - Panamax - Suezmax - Post-Panamax - Post-Suezmax - Post-Malaccamax Types of Ships 2. Bulk Carrier Ships Bulk carriers are a type of ship which transports cargoes (generally dry cargo) in bulk quantities. i.e. without any specific packaging and generally contains items like food,grains, ores and coals and even cement. Types of Bulk carrier by design: 1. Conventional bulkers/ 2. Geared bulker 3. Gearless bulker 4. Self-discharging bulker 5. Lakers 6. BIBO Types of Ships 3. Tanker Ships Tanker ships are specialised vessels for carrying a large amount of liquid cargo. Based on their size, tankers are further divided into various types such as: - Panamax - Suezmax - Handymax - Capesize - VLCC - ULCC Tankers The main types of tankers are: - Oil Tankers - Liquefied Gas Carriers - Chemical and Product Carriers Types of Ships 4. Car ship/Roll-on Roll-Off Ships Ro-Ro is an acronym for Roll-on/roll-off. Roll-on/roll-off ships are vessels that are used to carry wheeled cargo. Types of Ro-Ro Ships: 1. Pure Car Carrier (PCC) and Pure Car and Truck Carrier (PCTC) 2. RoRo Ships 3. Container Vessel + Ro-Ro (ConRo) Ship 4. General Cargo + Ro-Ro Ship (GenRo) Ships 5. RoPax Types of Ships 5. Passenger Ships Passenger ships, as the name suggests, are mainly used for transiting passengers. They are mainly classified into: Ferries – Vessels used for transiting passengers (and vehicles) on shortdistance routes are called ferries. Cruise Ships – Mainly used for recreational activities, cruise ships are like luxurious floating hotels with state-of-the-art facilities. Types of Ships 6. Offshore Vessels Offshore vessels mainly help in oil exploration and construction jobs at sea. Offshore vessels are of several types. - Supply Ship: Vessels that supply to offshore rigs - Pipe Layers: Vessels engages in laying pipes and cables Offshore Vessels Some of the main ones are: - Crane Barges or floating cranes: A crane vessel, crane ship or floating crane is a ship with a crane specialized in lifting heavy loads - Semi-submersible Drill Rigs: These are Mobile Offshore Drilling Units to make stable platforms for drilling oil and gas - Drill Ships: A drillship is a merchant vessel designed for use in exploratory offshore drilling of new oil and gas wells or scientific drilling purposes - Accommodation Barges: Could be a stand-alone floating hotel or can include accommodation as well as space for Cargo. - Floating Storage Unit (FSU) – Floating vessel mainly used for storage of oil and by-products. - Floating Production and Storage Unit (FPSO): is a floating vessel used by the offshore oil and gas industry for the production and processing of hydrocarbons and the storage of oil. - Anchor handling vessels – These are used for offshore construction and installation operations. - Diving vessels – Are vessels used by divers for diving in the ocean for underwater jobs. - Production Platforms: To extract and process oil and natural gas or to temporarily store product until it can be brought to shore for refining and marketing. Types of Ships 7. General Cargo Ship A ship with one or more decks, having ability to carry a variety of commodities in different forms such as boxed, palletized, refrigerated, and with the possibility to accommodate bulk materials such as grain. One of the main features of this type of vessel is that it has its own set of cranes integral to the vessel, they are used to perform the loading and unloading of cargo at port. Reference: https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/parts-of-aship/#:~:text=E.g.%20rudder%2C%20anchor%2C%20bow%2C,invisible%20parts%20of%20a %20ship. https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/a-guide-to-types-of-ships/ The part of the deck of a ship or boat that lies forward of the mast quotations ▼ Parts of a ship The most visible sections parts of a ship are: Parts of a ship • Here are the major parts of a ship: 1. Bow A ship’s bow is the frontmost section that cuts through the water as the ship moves forward. Bows play an important role in making the ship’s propulsion more manageable There are three primary types of ship bows: 1. Bulbous bow 2. Axe bow 3. Inverted bow Parts of a ship 2. Anchor An anchor is a hefty piece of metal that is attached to chain cables and is stowed or fastened in the hose pipe throughout the journey or ship operation. An anchor is made up of three essential components including: - A shank - A Stack - A Fluke Parts of a ship 3. Accommodation It is an essential component of a ship and provides a place for crews to relax, as well as a medical facility and food courts. Parts of a ship • Rudder A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium. The rudder moves in the direction of lower pressure. As the rudder goes, so goes the stern, and the boat turns. During turns the boat pivots around a point near its midsection—roughly at the mast on a sloop. The stern moves one way, the bow moves the other way, as the boat changes direction. Types of Rudders For Ships 1. Spade or Balanced Rudder A spade rudder is basically a rudder plate that is fixed to the rudder stock only at the top of the rudder 2. Unbalanced Rudders These rudders have their stocks attached at the forward most point of their span Parts of a ship • Bow Thrusters Bow thrusters are a type of propeller-shaped system fitted either on the bow (forward part) and stern part (known as a stern thruster) of the ship. They are smaller in size as compared to the ship’s propeller and help in better maneuverability of the vessel at lower speeds. - Bow thruster used for maneuverability the ship near the coastal waters, channels or when entering or leaving a port while experiencing bad currents or adverse winds. - Bow thrusters help in assisting tugboats in berthing the ship to avoid unnecessary wastage of time Parts of a ship • Keel - the main structural member and backbone of a ship or boat, running longitudinally along the center of the bottom of the hull from stem to stern. It may be made of timber, metal, or other strong, stiff material. The purpose of the keel is to help give the boat greater stability and control while moving forward. Without the keel, a boat might slip or skim on the water which is often common in vessels with an entirely flat bottom Parts of a ship • Ship Hull The hull is a ship's watertight enclosure, engineered to provide sufficient protection for the cargo, machinery, and passenger accommodations. Its most basic purpose is to safeguard against weather, flooding, and/or structural damage. Parts of a ship • Freeboard freeboard is the distance from the waterline to the upper deck level, measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat or ship. Most offshore or center console boats have higher freeboard than traditional skiffs or bay boats. The idea is that higher freeboard provides additional protection and helps prevent the boat from being washed out Parts of a ship • Propeller A propeller is a rotating fan-like structure that is used to propel the ship by using the power generated and transmitted by the main engine of the ship. Propeller • The most commonly used are 3 blades and 4 blade propellers. 3 Blade Propeller A 3 blade propeller has the following characteristics: - The manufacturing cost is lower than other types. - Are normally made up of aluminium alloy. - Gives a good high-speed performance. - The acceleration is better than other types. - Low-speed handling is not much efficient. Propeller • 4 Blade Propeller A 4 blade propeller has the following characteristics: - The manufacturing cost is higher than the 3 blade propellers. - 4 blade propellers are normally made up of stainless steel alloys. - Have better strength and durability. - Gives good low-speed handling and performance. - Has a better holding power in rough seas. - 4 blade propeller provides a better fuel economy than all the other types. Parts of a ship • Mast a long pole that rises from the bottom of a ship or boat and supports the sails and rigging Parts of a ship • Bridge The bridge, also known as the pilothouse or wheelhouse, is a room or platform of a ship from which the ship can be commanded Parts of a ship • Forecastle The forecastle is the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or, historically, the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters Parts of a ship • Foredeck The foredeck is the forward part of a weather deck, between the superstructure and the foc'sle superstructure. Basically, it is a part of the vessel forward of the mas Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeboard_(nautical) https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/propellertypes-of-propellers-and-construction-of-propellers/
