:G R@F, Rjc. :G09, Apjr`tifg
Hamudjft`tiaf, ^rj-rjcj`sj,
Issuj >8
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj
^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
HF>92=0902
Issuj >9
@pprav`c H`tj 2>09->8->:
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
Xlj ifeard`tiaf if tlis hamudjft `ppcijs sacjcy ta tlj l`rhw`rj/saetw`rj prahumt (–^rahumt—) spjmieijh
ljrjif, `fh afcy `s spjmieijh ljrjif. Rjejrjfmj ta –Faki`— c`tjr if tlis hamudjft sl`cc dj`f tlj rjspjmtivj
madp`fy witlif Faki` Graup ae Madp`fijs witl wlad yau l`vj jftjrjh ifta tlj @grjjdjft (`s hjeifjh
bjcaw).
Xlis hamudjft is iftjfhjh ear usj by Faki`'s mustadjrs (–Yau—) afcy, `fh it d`y fat bj usjh jxmjpt ear tlj
purpasjs hjeifjh if tlj `grjjdjft bjtwjjf Yau `fh Faki` (–@grjjdjft—) ufhjr wliml tlis hamudjft is
histributjh. Fa p`rt ae tlis hamudjft d`y bj usjh, mapijh, rjprahumjh, dahieijh ar tr`fsdittjh if `fy eard
ar dj`fs witlaut tlj priar writtjf pjrdissiaf ae Faki`. Ie Yau l`vj fat jftjrjh ifta `f @grjjdjft
`ppcim`bcj ta tlj ^rahumt, ar ie tl`t @grjjdjft l`s jxpirjh ar l`s bjjf tjrdif`tjh, Yau d`y fat usj tlis
hamudjft if `fy d`ffjr `fh Yau `rj abcigjh ta rjturf it ta Faki` `fh hjstray ar hjcjtj `fy mapijs tljrjae.
Xlj hamudjft l`s bjjf prjp`rjh ta bj usjh by praejssiaf`c `fh prapjrcy tr`ifjh pjrsaffjc, `fh Yau
`ssudj eucc rjspafsibicity wljf usifg it. Faki` wjcmadjs yaur maddjfts `s p`rt ae tlj pramjss ae
maftifuaus hjvjcapdjft `fh idpravjdjft ae tlj hamudjft`tiaf.
Xlis hamudjft `fh its maftjfts `rj pravihjh `s ` mafvjfijfmj ta Yau. @fy ifeard`tiaf ar st`tjdjfts
mafmjrfifg tlj suit`bicity, m`p`mity, eitfjss ear purpasj ar pjreard`fmj ae tlj ^rahumt `rj givjf sacjcy af
`f –`s is— `fh –`s `v`ic`bcj— b`sis if tlis hamudjft, `fh Faki` rjsjrvjs tlj riglt ta ml`fgj `fy suml
ifeard`tiaf `fh st`tjdjfts witlaut fatimj. Faki` l`s d`hj `cc rj`saf`bcj jeearts ta jfsurj tl`t tlj
maftjft ae tlis hamudjft is `hjqu`tj `fh erjj ae d`tjri`c jrrars `fh adissiafs, `fh Faki` wicc marrjmt
jrrars tl`t Yau ihjftiey if tlis hamudjft. Faki`'s tat`c ci`bicity ear `fy jrrars if tlj hamudjft is strimtcy
ciditjh ta tlj marrjmtiaf ae suml jrrar(s). Faki` hajs fat w`rr`ft tl`t tlj usj ae tlj saetw`rj if tlj ^rahumt
wicc bj ufiftjrruptjh ar jrrar-erjj.
FA W@RR@FXY AE @FY KIFH, JIXLJR J\^RJ]] AR ID^CIJH, IFMCZHIFG BZX FAX CIDIXJH XA
@FY W@RR@FXY AE @U@IC@BICIXY
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@MMZR@MY, RJCI@BICIXY,
RJCI@BICIXY, XIXCJ, FAF-IFERIFGJDJFX
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IFMCZHIFG BZX FAX CIDIXJH XA ]^JMI@C, HIRJMX, IFHIRJMX, IFMIHJFX@C AR MAF]JPZJFXI@C
AR @FY CA]]J], ]ZML @] BZX FAX CIDIXJH XA CA]] AE ^RAEIX, RJUJFZJ, BZ]IFJ]]
IFXJRRZ^XIAF, BZ]IFJ]] A^^ARXZFIXY AR H@X@ XL@X D@Y @RI]J ERAD XLJ Z]J AE XLI]
HAMZDJFX AR XLJ IFEARD@XIAF IF IX, JUJF IF XLJ M@]J AE JRRAR] IF AR ADI]]IAF]
ERAD XLI] HAMZDJFX AR IX] MAFXJFX.
Xlis hamudjft is Faki` praprijt`ry `fh mafeihjfti`c ifeard`tiaf, wliml d`y fat bj histributjh ar hismcasjh
ta `fy tlirh p`rtijs witlaut tlj priar writtjf mafsjft ae Faki`.
Faki` is ` rjgistjrjh tr`hjd`rk ae Faki` Marpar`tiaf. Atljr prahumt f`djs djftiafjh if tlis hamudjft
d`y bj tr`hjd`rks ae tljir rjspjmtivj awfjrs.
Mapyriglt © 2>09 Faki`. @cc riglts rjsjrvjh.
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Idpart`ft Fatimj af ^rahumt ]`ejty
Xlis prahumt d`y prjsjft s`ejty risks huj ta c`sjr, jcjmtrimity, lj`t, `fh atljr saurmjs ae h`fgjr.
Afcy tr`ifjh `fh qu`cieijh pjrsaffjc d`y ifst`cc, apjr`tj, d`ift`if ar atljrwisj l`fhcj tlis
prahumt `fh afcy `etjr l`vifg m`rjeuccy rj`h tlj s`ejty ifeard`tiaf `ppcim`bcj ta tlis prahumt.
Xlj s`ejty ifeard`tiaf is pravihjh if tlj ]`ejty Ifeard`tiaf sjmtiaf if tlj –Cjg`c, ]`ejty `fh
Jfvirafdjft`c Ifeard`tiaf— p`rt ae tlis hamudjft ar hamudjft`tiaf sjt.
Faki` is maftifu`ccy strivifg ta rjhumj tlj `hvjrsj jfvirafdjft`c jeejmts ae its prahumts `fh sjrvimjs. Wj
wauch cikj ta jfmaur`gj yau `s aur mustadjrs `fh usjrs ta oaif us if warkifg taw`rhs ` mcj`fjr, s`ejr
jfvirafdjft. ^cj`sj rjmymcj prahumt p`mk`gifg `fh eaccaw tlj rjmaddjfh`tiafs ear pawjr usj `fh prapjr
hispas`c ae aur prahumts `fh tljir madpafjfts.
Ie yau slauch l`vj qujstiafs rjg`rhifg aur Jfvirafdjft`c ^acimy ar `fy ae tlj jfvirafdjft`c sjrvimjs wj
aeejr, pcj`sj maft`mt us `t Faki` ear `fy `hhitiaf`c ifeard`tiaf.
2
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
X`bcj ae Maftjfts
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
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rj 07
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
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Cist ae X`bcjs
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X`bcj 29
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X`bcj =>
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cjs HM ifpu
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X`bcj =:
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
X`bcj =<
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Jxtjrf`c
Jxtjr
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
7
]udd`ry ae ml`fgjs
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
]udd`ry ae ml`fgjs
@ cist ae ml`fgjs
ml`fgjs bjtwjjf hamudjft issujs.
issujs. Yau
Yau m`f f`vig`tj
f`vig`tj tlraugl
tlraugl tlj rjspjmtivj
rjspjmtivj
ml`fgjh tapims.
If tlis sudd`ry ae ml`fgjs?
Ml`fgjs bjtwjjf issujs >9 HR@EX (2>09->2-2>) `fh >9 (2>09->8->:)
Ml`fgjs bjtwjjf issujs >< (2>0<-02->5) `fh >9 HR@EX (2>09->2-2>)
Ml`fgjs bjtwjjf issujs >7 (2>0<->9-29) `fh >< (2>0<-02->5)
•
•
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Ml`fgjs bjtwjjf hamudjft issujs `rj muduc`tivj. Xljrjearj, tlj c`tjst hamudjft
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Xlis hamudjft is maddaf ear v`riaus R`hia @mmjss Xjmlfacagijs (R@Xs). Yau d`y eifh
ljrj ifeard`tiaf `baut sacutiafs tl`t `rj fat `v`ic`bcj ar suppartjh if ` spjmieim ]W
rjcj`sj ar R@X. Ear ej`turjs suppartjh if yaur ]W rjcj`sj, sjj rjspjmtivj ej`turj
hamudjft`tiaf ml`ptjr if tlj systjd cibr`ry.
g
Fatj? Ear darj hjt`ics af Faki` @ir]m`cj madpci`fmj, sjj
Faki` @ir]m`cj BX] Jfvirafdjft`c ^rahumt Hjmc`r`tiaf.
Hjmc`r`tiaf.
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Rjcj`sjs mavjrjh by tlj hamudjft
^rahumt
Rjcj`sj
Cafg Xjrd Jvacutiaf
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EHH-CXJ 0<@, EHH-CXJ 09
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(2>09->8->:)
:G `fh CXJ maftjft l`s bjjf djrgjh
Xlj prjviaus :G-spjmieim hamudjft vjrsiaf w`s >8M. Erad Issuj >9 afw`rhs tlj
hamudjft is maddaf ear `cc tlj R@Xs. Xlj cist bjcaw prjsjfts tlj ml`fgjs bjtwjjf
Issuj >9 `fh batl CXJ issuj >9 HR@EX `fh :G Issuj >8M HR@EX.
Xlj hamudjft l`s bjjf rjstrumturjh
Xlj d`if ml`fgjs if tlj strumturj `rj?
•
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]jmtiaf Cist ae Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ufits l`s bjjf `hhjh.
Xlj eaccawifg, prjviauscy sjp`r`tj tapims, l`vj bjjf davjh ta sjmtiaf Faki`
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj avjrvijw `fh its subsjmtiafs?
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
”
”
”
”
]udd`ry ae ml`fgjs
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj `rmlitjmturj
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj bjfjeits
Faki` @ir]m`cj BX] aptiaf`c itjds
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj ml`ififg
•
Xlj gjfjr`c hjsmriptiafs ae j`ml subr`mk l`vj bjjf djrgjh ta sjmtiaf Faki`
•
@ir]m`cj
Dahucj subr`mks hjsmriptiaf `fh tlj hjt`icjh ifeard`tiaf `rj
ifmcuhjh ]ystjd
if its subsjmtiafs.
Xlj eaccawifg, prjviauscy sjp`r`tj tapims, l`vj bjjf davjh ar djrgjh ta sjmtiaf
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Da
Dahucj
hucj maddaf pcug-if ufits
ufits `fh its subsjmtiafs?
”
”
”
Xr`fspart mafeigur`tiafs
Faki` @ir]m`cj BX] syfmlrafiz`tiaf
Rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D ml`ififg
•
Ifeard`tiaf af ml`ififg witl M^RI iftjre`mjs l`s bjjf `hhjh.
Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug-if ufits rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs
•
]jrvimj `fh rjsjt buttafs cam`tiaf af @]IB l`s bjjf `hhjh.
Faki` @ir]m
@ir]m`cj
`cj ]ystjd Dahucj jfvirafdjft`c rjquirjdjfts
•
Ifhaar `fh authaar t`bcjs l`vj bjjf djrgjh.
Faki` @ir]m`cj f`difg mafvjftiaf
•
Xlj eaccawifg ufits f`difg l`s bjjf `hhjh?
”
”
”
”
•
•
•
:G
dDIDA
Ecjxi _afj `fh @ir]m`cj sd`cc mjccs
GF]]/G^] jquipdjft `fh `mmjssarijs
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mafvjftiaf
Fjw CXJ
CXJ `fh :G r`hia b`fhs l`vj bjjf `hhjh.
]jmafh cjttjr I - JHGJ XR] EIE@,B ,EIP@ l`s bjjf rjdavjh.
Ml`fgjs bjtwjjf issujs >< (2>0<-02->5) `fh >9 HR@EX
(2>09->2-2>)
@]IB Maddaf ufit `fh @DAH subr`mk l`vj bjjf `hhjh
•
•
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj maddaf pcug-if ufits
Faki` @ir]m`cj Authaar ]ubr`mk (@DAH) hjsmriptiaf
@]IB `fh @DAH ifeard`tiaf l`vj bjjf `hhjh `mrass tlj hamudjft
•
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj avjrvijw
•
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D m`p`mity
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
9
]udd`ry ae ml`fgjs
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
•
•
•
•
•
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Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj subr`mks hjsmriptiaf
Faki` @ir]m`cj Authaar ]ubr`mk (@DAB)
Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug
pcug-if
-if ufits rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj pawjr rjquirjdjfts `fh mafsudptiaf
HM ifput maffjmtars pif d`p
Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug-if ufits graufhifg maffjmtars
Apjr`tiaf `fh D`iftjf`fmj Xaacs sjmtiaf l`s bjjf rjdavjh
•
Xlj rjcjv`ft ifeard`tiaf l`s bjjf davjh ta Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj Ifhaar
(@ir]m`cj ]D Ifhaar)
RO8: maffjmtars pif-d`ps l`vj bjjf rjdavjh `s tljy `rj st`fh`rh afjs
•
•
CD^ maffjmtar pif d`p
0>>>B@]J-X XR] maffjmtar pif d`p
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj
•
•
Ifeard`tiaf af tlj BX] jcjdjft d`f`gjr taacs l`vj bjjf davjh ta tlis sjmtiaf erad
Apjr`tiaf `fh D`iftjf`fmj Xaacs sjmtiaf.
@DI@ `fh @DAB eigurjs l`vj bjjf rjdavjh.
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj `rmlitjmturj
•
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj `rmlitjmturj eigurj l`s bjjf uph`tjh
D`if hieejrjfmjs bjtwjjf Faki` @ir]m`cj `fh Ecjxi Ductir`hia 0> ]ystjd Dahucjs
•
•
:G rj`hifjss
rj`hifjss l`s bjjf `hhjh.
Ifeard`tiaf af authaar subr`mk ljiglt l`s bjjf rjdavjh.
Faki` @ir]m`cj M`p`mity `fh ^jreard`fmj
^jreard`fmj
•
•
•
@]IB m`p`mity l`s bjjf `hhjh.
Ducti-R@X m`p`mity l`s bjjf `hhjh.
]jmtiaf l`s bjjf rjstrumturjh.
Zfit Rjpc`mjdjft
•
Rjejrjfmj ta Rjpc`mifg Faki` @ir]m`cj BX] Zfits l`s bjjf `hhjh.
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj saufh pawjr cjvjcs
•
@DAB `fh @DAH saufh pawjr cjvjcs l`vj bjjf `hhjh.
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj pawjr suppcy sacutiafs
•
•
Ifeard`tiaf af @DAH pawjr suppcy aptiafs l`vj bjjf `hhjh.
Ifeard`tiaf af @DAB pawjr suppcy aptiafs l`vj bjjf uph`tjh.
Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug-if ufits rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs
•
0>
]jmtiaf l`s bjjf rjstrumturjh.
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
]udd`ry ae ml`fgjs
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj pawjr rjquirjdjfts `fh mafsudptiaf
•
•
@]IB `fh @DAB pawjr mafsudptiaf l`s bjjf `hhjh.
@DI@ pawjr mafsudptiaf l`s bjjf uph`tjh.
Xr`fspart Mafeigur`tiafs
•
Ifeard`tiaf af tr`fspart iftjre`mjs l`vj bjjf rjdavjh.
]ystjd Dahucj ml`ififg
•
Xlj fatj af ml`ififg ej`turjs l`s bjjf rjdavjh.
Faki` @ir]m`cj f`difg mafvjftiaf
•
•
Ifeard`tiaf af ducti-b`fh R`hia ufits f`difg l`s bjjf `hhjh.
Ifeard`tiaf af cjttjrs A `fh ^ if tlj R`hia ufits f`djs
f`djs l`s bjjf `hhjh.
HM ifput maffjmtars pif d`p
•
Graufhifg maffjmtars l`vj bjjf davjh ta Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug-if ufits
graufhifg maffjmtars
Ml`fgjs bjtwjjf issujs >7 (2>0<->9
(2>0<->9-29)
-29) `fh >< (2>0<-02>5)
Gjfjr`c ml`fgjs
•
•
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
CXJ=582? @DAM Authaar Madp`mt ]ubr`mk ear @ir]m`cj Ifhaar ]ystjd Dahucj `fh
`cc tlj ifeard`tiaf rjc`tjh ta @DAM l`vj bjjf rjdavjh tlrauglaut tlj hamudjft.
Xlj v`cuj ae e`f caw faisj l`s bjjf uph`tjh if Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj
saufh pawjr cjvjcs
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
00
R]]-=0> madpci`fmj
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
0 R]]-=0> madpci`fmj
Xlis jquipdjft madpcijs witl R]]-=0> ae Ifhustry M`f`h`. Apjr`tiaf is subojmt ta tlj
mafhitiaf tl`t tlis hjvimj hajs fat m`usj l`rdeuc iftjrejrjfmj.
02
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
JZ madpci`fmj
2 JZ madpci`fmj
2.0 JZ RaL] st`tjdjft
Xlis jquipdjft madpcijs witl tlj Jurapj`f Zfiaf RaL] Hirjmtivj 2>00/5:/JZ af tlj
rjstrimtiaf ae tlj usj ae mjrt`if l`z`rhaus subst`fmjs if jcjmtrim`c `fh jcjmtrafim
jquipdjft. Xlj hirjmtivj `ppcijs ta tlj usj ae cj`h, djrmury, m`hdiud, ljx`v`cjft
mlradiud, ^acybradif`tjh Bipljfycs (^BB), `fh ^acybradif`tjh Hipljfyc Jtljrs
(^BHJ) if jcjmtrim`c `fh jcjmtrafim jquipdjft.
2.2 MJ d`rkifg
Ljrjby, hjmc`rjs tl`t r`hia jquipdjft typj Ecjxi Ductir`hia B`sj ]t`tiaf, Ecjxi
Ductir`hia 0> B`sj ]t`tiaf `fh Faki` @ir]m`cj B`sj ]t`tiaf is if madpci`fmj witl
Hirjmtivj 2>08/:=/JM. Xlj eucc tjxt ae tlj JZ hjmc`r`tiaf ae mafeardity is `v`ic`bcj `t tlj
eaccawifg iftjrfjt `hhrjss? lttps?//afcifj.fjtwarks.faki`.mad
Eigurj 0
MJ d`rkifg
Xlis hjmc`r`tiaf is afcy v`cih ear mafeigur`tiafs (madbif`tiafs ae saetw`rj, eirdw`rj, `fh
l`rhw`rj) pravihjh `fh/ar suppartjh by Faki`.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
0=
JZ madpci`fmj
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
2.= Hirjmtivj 2>08/:=/JZ (RJH) @rtimcj 0>.0>
madpci`fmj
Xlj r`hia erjqujfmy us`gj if JZ is rjstrimtjh `fh bjearj t`kifg tlj r`hia jquipdjft if
usj if tlj maddjrmi`c fjtwark tlj apjr`tar is ta `ppcy ear tlj b`fh cimjfsj erad tlj cam`c
rjguc`tar.
@s `f jvihjfmj ear tlj rjstrimtiaf, tlj p`mk`gifg is ta l`vj tlj RJH @rtimcj 0>.0>d`rkifg hjsmribifg tlj idp`mtjh mauftrijs.
Eigurj 2
RJH @rtimcj 0>.0>-d`rkifg
Rjstrimtiafs if
08
@X
BJ
BG
LR
MY
M_
HK
JJ
EI
ER
HJ
JC
LZ
IIJ
J
IX
CU
CX
CZ
DX
D
X
FC
^C
^X
RA
]K
]I
J]
]J
ZK
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
EMM ^`rt 0: madpci`fmj
= EMM ^`rt 0: madpci`fmj
Xlis jquipdjft l`s bjjf tjstjh `fh eaufh ta madpcy witl tlj cidits ear ` Mc`ss B higit`c
hjvimj, pursu`ft ta ^`rt 0: ae tlj EMM Rucjs. Xljsj cidits `rj hjsigfjh ta pravihj
rj`saf`bcj pratjmtiaf `g`ifst l`rdeuc iftjrejrjfmj if ` maddjrmi`c jfvirafdjft. Xlis
jquipdjft
usjs,
r`hi`tjd`fu`cs,
r`hia erjqujfmy
jfjrgy
`fh, iftjrejrjfmj
ie fat ifst`ccjh
`fh usjh ifgjfjr`tjs,
`mmarh`fmj
witl`fh
tlj m`f
ifstrumtiaf
d`y m`usj
l`rdeuc
ta
r`hia maddufim`tiafs. Apjr`tiaf ae tlis jquipdjft if ` rjsihjfti`c `rj` is cikjcy ta m`usj
l`rdeuc iftjrejrjfmj if wliml m`sj tlj usjr wicc bj rjquirjh ta marrjmt tlj iftjrejrjfmj `t
lis awf jxpjfsj. Ml`fgjs ar dahieim`tiafs fat jxprjsscy `ppravjh by tlj p`rty
rjspafsibcj ear madpci`fmj mauch vaih tlj usjr¸s `utlarity ta apjr`tj tlj jquipdjft.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
0:
Cist
Cist ae Fa
Faki
ki`
` @ir]
@ir]m`
m`cj
cj ]yst
]ystjd
jd Da
Dahu
hucj
cj uf
ufit
its
s
Faki
Faki`
` @ir]
@ir]m`
m`cj
cj ]yst
]ystjd
jd Dahu
Dahucj
cj ^r
^rah
ahum
umtt Hjsm
Hjsmri
ript
ptia
iaf
f
8 Cist ae Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ufits
Maft`ifs ej`turj fudbjrs, prahumt mahjs, suppartjh R@X rjcj`sjs ae tlj subr`mks `fh
tlj pcug-if ufits
X`bcj 2
Cist ae Faki` @ir]m`cj subr`mks
F`dj
@DI@
Ej`turj fudbjrs
]uppartjh
erad R@X
rjcj`sj
CXJ 05@
CXJ2252
]R@F 07@
]R>>002>, ]R>>005>,
]R>>02:<
:G 09
^rahumt mahj
87=>9<@
:GM>>>52=
@DAB
@DAH
X`bcj =
@]I@
@]IB
@]IK
@BIC
05
]R@F 07@
]R>>0722
:G 09
:GM>>>80<
CXJ 09
CXJ8:2:
]R@F 09
]R>>2>>2
87=9:2@
8789=>@
Ej`turj fudbjrs
]uppartjh
erad R@X
rjcj`sj
CXJ 05@
CXJ2008
]R@F 07@
]R>>002>, ]R>>005>,
]R>>02:<
CXJ 09
CXJ=07<
]R@F 09
]R>>2>>2
:G 09
:GM>>>27:
^rahumt mahj
87=>9:@
87=758@
878>20@
Cist ae Faki` @ir]m`cj m`p`mity pcug-if ufits
F`dj
@BI@
CXJ==:9
Cist ae Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug-if ufits
F`dj
X`bcj 8
CXJ 07@
Ej`turj fudbjrs
]uppartjh
erad R@X
rjcj`sj
CXJ 05@
CXJ2250
]R@F 07@
]R>>002>, ]R>>005>,
]R>>02:<
:G 09
:GM>>>275
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
^rahumt mahj
87=>95@
878>2>@
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki
Fa
ki`
` @ir]
@ir]m`
m`cj
cj ]y
]yst
stjd
jd Da
Dahu
hucj
cj ^r
^rah
ahum
umtt Hjsm
Hjsmri
ript
ptia
iaf
f
Faki
Faki`
` @i
@ir]
r]m`
m`cj
cj ]y
]yst
stjd
jd Dahu
Dahucj
cj av
avjr
jrvi
vijw
jw
: Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj avjrvijw
Xlj ]ystjd Dahucj aeejrs ligl m`p`mity, ligl sm`c`bicity, riml eraftl`uc `fh b`mkl`uc
maffjmtivity, `fh aptidizjh pawjr mafsudptiaf. It supparts ductipcj R`hia @mmjss
Xjmlfacagijs (R@Xs)? :G, CXJ, ]ifgcj R@F, wlicj suppartifg tlj cjg`my Ecjxi Ductir`hia
0> BX] prahumt e`dicy.
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj (]D) l`s `cc tlj fjjhjh maftrac `fh b`sjb`fh eufmtiafs
ear tlj suppartjh R`hia @mmjss Xjmlfacagijs (R@Xs). Xlj b`sim eufmtiaf`citijs ae Faki`
@ir]m`cj ]D `rj?
•
•
•
•
•
•
B`sjb`fh pramjssifg `fh hjmjftr`cizjh maftrac
Xr`fspart maftrac, iftjgr`tjh Jtljrfjt parts, `fh I^v8/v5 `fh I^]jm Xr`fspart
BX] mcamk `fh tidifg gjfjr`tiaf `fh histributiaf
histributi af
BX] Apjr`tiaf `fh D`iftjf`fmj
Mjftr`c r`hia iftjre`mj maftrac
AB]@I/M^RI-madp`tibcj
AB]@I/M^RI -madp`tibcj iftjre`mjs ta r`hia ufits
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D is d`f`gjh witl tlj BX] jcjdjft d`f`gjr taac usjh if tlj
rjspjmtivj tjmlfacagy, tl`t is?
•
CXJ (up ta CXJ 0<@) - BX] ]itj D`f`gjr
CXJ (erad CXJ
CXJ 09 afw`rhs) - Wjb
Wjb Jcjdjft D`f`gjr
]R@F - Wjb Jcjdjft D`f`gjr
•
:G - WjbZI
•
•
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj mafsists ae maddaf `fh m`p`mity pcug-if ufits ifsihj `
subr`mk.
Eigurj =
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj `rmlitjmturj
B-scat ufits
(M`p`mity)
R`hia ufits
R`hia ufits
Eraftl`uc iftjre`mj
Eraftl`uc iftjre`mj
^ramjssifg
^ramjssifg
B-scat ufits
(M`p`mity)
Hi`gaf`c
h`t` `fh maftrac
iftjre`mj
B`mkpc`fj iftjre`mj
B`mkl`uc
iftjre`mj
]ystjd
jxtjfsiaf
iftjre`mj
^awjr
ifput
B`mkl`uc
j
m
`
e
r
j
t
if
c
`
f
r
j
t
x
J
j
m
`
e
r
j
t
if
j
f
c`
p
k
m
`
B
M^Z(s)
]witml
Maddaf ta
Maddaf
j
m
`
e
r
j
t
f
i
j
f
`
c
p
k
m
`
B
MCK / ]yfm / BDZ
Jxt I/A
]yfm `fh jxt
iftjre`mj
M^Z(s)
B`mkl`uc
iftjre`mj
B`mkl`uc
]witml
M-scat ufit (Maddaf)
M-scat ufit (Maddaf)
^awjr
]ubr`mk
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
B`mkpc`fj iftjre`mj
MCK / ]yfm / BDZ
Jxt I/A
]yfm `fh jxt
iftjre`mj
^awjr
j
m
`
e
r
j
t
f
i
c
`
f
r
j
t
x
J
]ystjd
jxtjfsiaf
iftjre`mj
^awjr
ifput
]ubr`mk pawjr
hitributiaf
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
07
Faki
Fa
ki`
` @i
@ir]
r]m`
m`cj
cj ]y
]yst
stjd
jd Da
Dahu
hucj
cj av
avjr
jrvi
vijw
jw
Faki
Faki`
` @ir]
@ir]m`
m`cj
cj ]y
]yst
stjd
jd Dahu
Dahucj
cj ^rah
^rahum
umtt Hjsm
Hjsmri
ript
ptia
iaf
f
:.0 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D `hv`ft`gjs avjr Ecjxi Ductir`hia
0> ]D
Xlj d`if `hv`ft`gjs ae @ir]m`cj ]D `rj? grj`tjr m`p`mity, sm`c`bicity, `fh suppart ae
:G.
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj (]D) pravihjs tlj eaccawifg `hv`ft`gjs avjr E]DE
(Ecjxi Ductir`hia 0> ]ystjd Dahucj)?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
g
]ubr`mks suppart :G pcug-if ufits
Ifmrj`sjh m`p`mity
]uppart ear 9.< Gbps M^RI
]uppart ear M^RI IP h`t` madprjssiaf witl tlrjj RE iftjre`mjs pjr @BI@ ufit
Liglcy idpravjh RE maffjmtivity
maffjmtivit y
LW M`p`bicity ae 0>GJ b`mkl`uc iftjre`mjs (]E^ + scats)
Jfl`fmjh B`mkl`uc maffjmtivity
maffjmtivi ty
Bjttjr CXJ-@hv`fmjh suppart tlraugl ifmrj`sjh iftjrmaffjmtivity
iftjrmaffjmt ivity
Idpravjh syfmlrafiz`tiaf
syfmlrafiz`t iaf `fh lachavjr sacutiaf
Idpravjh jfjrgy jeeimijfmy
Earw`rh madp`tibicity tlraugl systjd jxtjfsiaf iftjre`mj (]JI) `fh fjw pcug-if ufit
iftrahumtiaf
Rj`hy ear eucc rjsicijfmy suppart (pawjr, syfmlrafiz`tiaf,
syfmlrafiz`t iaf, b`mkl`uc, C=, C0, C2)
Fatj? Xlj rjsicijfmy ej`turj is hjpjfhjft af saetw`rj `v`ic`bicity. U`riaus
rjsicijfmy smljdjs d`y rjquirj `hhitiaf`c l`rhw`rj (ear jx`dpcj, ` sjmafh
maddaf ufit, `hhitiaf`c m`p`mity ufits, ` pawjr `fh syfmlrafiz`tiaf m`bcjs, IP
switmlifg jquipdjft).
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj (]D) fa cafgjr supparts tlj eaccawifg?
•
•
Aptiaf`c tr`fspart sub-dahucjs, tlus it hajs fat pravihj ^HL iftjre`mjs.
iftjre`mjs . Maddaf
ufits pravihj tr`fspart m`p`mity if I^/Jtljrfjt-b`sjh tr`fspart dahj afcy.
@c`rd cifjs if tlj CD^ iftjre`mj.
:.2 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D madp`tibicity witl Ecjxi
Ductir`hia 0> BX]
@ir]m`cj ]D supparts cjg`my
cjg`my LW, iftjrmaffj
iftjrmaffjmtivity
mtivity,, `fh ifst`cc`tiaf
ifst`cc`tiaf aptiafs.
aptiafs.
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj (]D) is b`mkw`rhs madp`tibcj witl tlj eaccawifg Ecjxi
Ductir`hia 0> BX] sacutiafs?
•
]yfmIf, ]yfmAut, ]E^-]RIA, `fh J@M iftjre`mjs
RE Dahucjs `fh Rjdatj R`hia Lj`hs, `fh rjc`tjh aptiaf`c itjds
•
Dast ae tlj m`bcjs `fh ]E^s
•
0<
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki
Fa
ki`
` @ir]
@ir]m`
m`cj
cj ]y
]yst
stjd
jd Da
Dahu
hucj
cj ^r
^rah
ahum
umtt Hjsm
Hjsmri
ript
ptia
iaf
f
Faki
Faki`
` @i
@ir]
r]m`
m`cj
cj ]y
]yst
stjd
jd Dahu
Dahucj
cj av
avjr
jrvi
vijw
jw
ecaar, w`cc, pacj, r`mk/m`bifjt ifst`cc`tiaf
st`mkifg witl Ecjxi ufits
•
•
:.= Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D ml`ififg
@ir]m`cj ]D supparts iftjrf`c
iftjrf`c ml`ififg
ml`ififg witlif tlj
tlj subr`mk `fh
`fh jxtjrf`c
jxtjrf`c ml`ififg witl
Ecjxi Ductir`hia 0> BX] ]D
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj (]D) m`p`mity diglt bj ifmrj`sjh by ml`ififg. Ml`ififg
is `v`ic`bcj witl tlj eaccawifg iftjre`mjs?
•
AB]@I (= Gbit/s ar 5 Gbit/s) ar M^RI (8.9 ar 9.< Gbit/s)
]RIA (5.2: Gbit/s)
0>GJ ]ystjd Jxtjfsiaf Iftjre`mjs (]JI)
•
]yfmlrafiz`tiaf
]yfmlrafiz`t iaf ifput/autput (]IF, ]AZX)
•
•
Xlj eaccawifg ]D ml`ififg madbif`tiafs `rj suppartjh?
•
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D iftjrf`c maffjmtiafs (witlif afj subr`mk) bjtwjjf maddaf `fh
•
m`p`mity pcug-if ufits
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D witl Ecjxi Ductir`hia 0> BX] ]D iftjrmaffjmtiaf
iftjrmaffjmt iaf usifg ]JI
:.8 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D m`p`mity
Fudbjr ae mjccs, h`t` r`tjs, `fh I^]jm tlrauglput m`p`mity.
X`bcj :
@ir]m`cj l`rhw`rj m`p`mity ear CXJ (EHH `fh XHH)
Eufmtiaf `fh m`p`bicitijs
@BI@
D`xidud mjcc mafeigur`tiaf
05
95
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7.5
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HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
5x@BI@ (d`x.
mafeigur`itaf)
092
Xlis v`cuj rjejrs ta r`hia cjvjc tlrauglput. jFB cjvjc tlrauglput is hjpjfhjft af b`mkl`uc
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
09
Faki
Fa
ki`
` @i
@ir]
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki
Fa
ki`
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HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
20
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]
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m`cj ]ystjd
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•
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•
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Eigurj 8
]ubr`mks scat fudbjrifg
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22
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
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HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
2=
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]
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m`cj ]ystjd
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
M`bcj jftrijs
-
@irecaw hirjmtiaf
Eraft ta b`mk
(hje`uct)
B`mk ta eraft
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
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@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
2:
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Faki
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25
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
Lj`tjr warks marrjmtcy
^rjssurj sjfsar warks marrjmtcy
27
Faki`
Faki
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© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
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@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
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pcug-if ufits
ufits
7 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj maddaf pcugif ufits
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subr`mk.
X`bcj 0:
Maddaf pcug-if ufits avjrvijw
^rapjrty
U`cuj
@]I@
g
@]IB
@]IK
Faki` prahumt
mahj
87=>9:@
87=758@
878>20@
Ifgrjss
pratjmtiaf mc`ss
I^ 2>
I^ 2>
I^2>
Wjiglt (witlaut
p`mk`gifg)
=.0 kg (5.< cb)
2.9 kg (5.8 cb)
=.2 kg (7.0 cb)
Iftrahumjh by
ej`turj
CXJ2008?
@ir]m`cj
Maddaf @]I@
CXJ=07<?
CXJ=07<? @ir]m`cj Maddaf @]IB :GM>>>27:?
@ir]m`cj Maddaf
`fh @]IB@ `fh ]R>>2>>2?
@ir]m`cj Maddaf @]IB ^IZ ]BX] @]IK
suppart
Fatj? Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj maddaf pcug-if ufits jxist if v`riaus vjrsiafs.
Rjejr ta Xjmlfim`c Fatjs (p`rt ae systjd ]W rjcj`sj hamudjft`tiaf) ear eufmtiaf`city
hjt`ics ae j`ml vjrsiaf.
Eigurj 0>
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
@]I@ iftjre`mjs
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
29
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]
@ir]m`cj
m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj maddaf
maddaf pcug
pcug-if
-if ufit
ufits
s
g
Eigurj 00
@]IB iftjre`mjs
Eigurj 02
@]IK iftjre`mjs
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmriptia
Hjsmriptiaf
f
Fatj? Xlj maddaf pcug-if ufits l`vj ` v`ri`ft witl ` cug maffjmtar, tljsj ufits `rj
@]I@@, @]IB@, `fh @]IK@. @cc tlj atljr iftjre`mjs `rj tlj s`dj `s if @]I@, @]IB,
@]IK.
X`bcj 05
C`bjc
Maddaf pcug-if ufits iftjre`mjs
F`dj
Eufmtiaf
Maffjmtar typj
@]I@
HM IF
^awjr
]uppcy
Iftjre`mj
8< U ifput ear tlj
]ystjd Dahucj
Graufhifg
Graufhifg
@.0>0?
sifgcjlacj D:
@]IB
@hhitiaf`c
ifeard`tiaf
@]IK
mc`dps
-
hu`c-l
hu`
c-lacj
acj 2 x D:
-
@.2>2?
hu`clacj 2 x
D:
=>
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmript
Hjsmriptiaf
iaf
X`bcj 05
C`bjc
Faki`
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj maddaf
maddaf pcug-if
pcug-if ufits
ufits
Maddaf pcug-if ufits iftjre`mjs (Maft.)
F`dj
Eufmtiaf
Maffjmtar typj
@]I@
J@M
Jxtjrf`c
@ sjt ae maftrac
@c`rds
Maftrac `fh
iftjre`mj
`fh
`c`rd
sigf`cs
`s wjcc
`s `f
iftjre`mj ear `c`rd
jxtjfsiaf
@]IB
@hhitiaf`c
ifeard`tiaf
@]IK
LHDI
]ix `c`rd sigf`cs
]ix ]W-`ssigf`bcj
sigf`cs ear jitljr
`c`rd ifput ar maftrac
autput sigf`cs
E]JB madp`tibcj
iftjre`mj ear `c`rd
jxtjfsiaf
]IF
]yfmlrafiz
`tiaf Ifput
Jxtjrf`c
syfmlrafiz`tiaf
ifputs, G^]
jquipdjft
pawjrifg `fh
maftrac
LHDI
]igf`cs if?
•
GF]]
syfmlrafiz`tiaf
•
G]D er`dj ecamk
`fh er`dj
fudbjr
•
IXZ G.7>= 2.>8<
DLz ar 0> DLz
GF]] maftrac `fh
pawjr suppcy (0: U,
GFH)
]AZX
]A
ZX
]yfm
]yfmlr
lraf
afiz
iz
`tiaf
Autput
@f iftjre`mj ear
jxtjrf`c
syfmlrafiz`tiaf
autputs
LHDI
]igf`cs aut?
•
GF]]
syfmlrafiz`tiaf
•
G]D er`dj ecamk
`fh er`dj
fudbjr
•
IXZ G.7>= 2.>8<
DLz ar 0> DLz
G^] ^awjr ]uppcy?
+0: U, GFH
]JI0
]JI2
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
]ystjd
Dahucj
Jxtjfsiaf
Iftjre`mj
Iftjre`mj ear tr`eeim
bjtwjjf systjd
dahucjs,
`hhitiaf`c
syfmlrafiz`tiaf
saurmj
Difi]@
]-LH
]ystjd
Dahucj
Jxtjfsiaf
Iftjre`mj
Iftjre`mj ear tr`eeim
bjtwjjf systjd
dahucjs,
`hhitiaf`c
syfmlrafiz`tiaf
saurmj
Difi]@
]-LH
P]E^
P]
E^+
+
P]E^
P]E^+
+
2 x 0>
0>GJ
GJ,, D@Ms
D@Msjm
jm
2 x ]RIA, 5.2: Gbit/s
]yfmlrafiz`tiaf
sigf`cs? ]yfmJ, Xa^
(IJJJ 0:<<v2)
P]E^+
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
F/@
2 x 0>GJ, D@Msjm
2 x ]RIA, 5.2: Gbit/s
]yfmlrafiz`tiaf
sigf`cs? ]yfmJ, Xa^
(IJJJ 0:<<v2)
=0
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]
@ir]m`cj
m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj maddaf
maddaf pcug
pcug-if
-if ufit
ufits
s
X`bcj 05
C`bjc
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmriptia
Hjsmriptiaf
f
Maddaf pcug-if ufits iftjre`mjs (Maft.)
F`dj
Eufmtiaf
Maffjmtar typj
@]I@
]RIA
]R
IA0
0
Iftj
Iftjrm
rmaf
affj
fjm
m Iftjre`mj ear Ecjxi
tiaf
iftjre`mj
@]IB
]E^+
@hhitiaf`c
ifeard`tiaf
@]IK
F/@
-
F/@
-
Ductir`hia
0> BX]
systjd dahucjs
]RIA
]R
IA2
2
Iftj
Iftjrm
rmaf
affj
fjm
m Iftjre`mj ear Ecjxi
tiaf
Ductir`hia 0> BX]
iftjre`mj
systjd dahucjs
JIE0
Xr`fspart
Iftjre`mj
B`mkl`uc/ligljr
c`yjr eraftl`uc
iftjre`mj
0/0>GJ
]E^/]E^+
0/0>/2: 0>GB`sj-]R/CR,
GJ ]E^ 0>>>B`sj]\/C\/B\/_\
JIE2
Xr`fspart
Iftjre`mj
B`mkl`uc/ligljr
c`yjr eraftl`uc
iftjre`mj
0/0>GJ
]E^/]E^+
0/0>/2: 0>GB`sj-]R/CR,
GJ ]E^ 0>>>B`sj]\/C\/B\/_\
JIE=
Xr`fspart
Iftjre`mj
I^/Jtljrfjt
tr`fsdissiaf
iftjre`mj
0GJ RO8:
F/@
0>>/0>>>B`sj-X
JIE8
Xr`fspart
Iftjre`mj
I^/Jtljrfjt
tr`fsdissiaf
iftjre`mj
0GJ RO8:
F/@
0>>/0>>>B`sj-X
JIE:
Xr`fspart
Iftjre`mj
I^/Jtljrfjt
tr`fsdissiaf
iftjre`mj
0GJ RO8:
F/@
0>>/0>>>B`sj-X
CD^
Cam`c
D`f`gjdj
ft ^art
Jtljrfjt iftjre`mj
ear Jcjdjft
D`f`gjr, ]]J
jquipdjft ar
hi`gfastim
]E^+
F/@
0GJ RO8:
0>>/0>>>B`sj-X
Xlj tr`fspart iftjre`mjs m`f bj usjh ear?
•
B`mkl`uc maffjmtivity (t`ic sitjs)
•
•
@ggrjg`tiaf (ml`if ar trjj sitjs)
Rjhufh`fmy (cifk ca`h sl`rifg, e`st I^ rjrautifg)
Mjftr`cizjh R@F sitj sacutiafs
Jtljrfjt-b`sjh ml`ififg `fh switmlifg `mrass up ta eivj iftjre`mjs
•
•
g
Fatj? @hhifg tlj sjmafh maddaf pcug-if ufit ta tlj riglt l`ce ae tlj subr`mk hajs fat
ifmrj`sj tr`fspart m`p`mity. D`kj surj yau pc`f tlj tr`fspart mafeigur`tiaf `mmarhifgcy.
7.0 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj syfmlrafiz`tiaf
]yfmlrafiz`tiaf is l`fhcjh by maddaf pcug-if ufits (@]I@, @]IB, @]IK)
=2
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmript
Hjsmriptiaf
iaf
Faki`
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj maddaf
maddaf pcug-if
pcug-if ufits
ufits
Xa jfsurj prapjr apjr`tiaf, `mmur`tj syfmlrafiz`tiaf witlif ` sifgcj @ir]m`cj BX] `fh
bjtwjjf hieejrjft @ir]m`cj BX]s is idpcjdjftjh. Xlj Maftrac `fh Xidifg bcamk if tlj
BX] is rjspafsibcj ear idpcjdjftifg tljsj eufmtiafs.
Xlj @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj l`s tlj eaccawifg syfmlrafiz`tiaf saurmjs?
•
]yfmlrafaus Jtljrfjt rjmavjrjh mcamk; tlraugl tr`fspart iftjre`mj
•
•
Xidifg-avjr-^`mkjt (IJJJ 0:<<v2); tlraugl tr`fspart iftjre`mj
^ucsj pjr ]jmafh `fh Xidj
Xidj ae H`y (0^^] & XaH)
”
”
•
•
•
•
•
Xlraugl GF]] (ear jx`dpcj G^])
Erad `fatljr BX] tlraugl ]yfmlrafiz`tiaf ifput (]IF)
IXZ G.7>= 2.>8< DLz / 0> DLz tlraugl ]yfmlrafiz`tiaf
]yfmlrafiz`ti af ifput (]IF)
G]D Er`dj Mcamk `fh Er`dj Fudbjr
]D ” ]D syfmlrafiz`tiaf
syfmlrafiz`t iaf (bjtwjjf subr`mks)
]D ” ]D syfmlrafiz`tiaf (bjtwjjf tlj maddaf pcug-if ufits if afj subr`mk)
Eraftl`uc iftjre`mjs af tlj m`p`mity pcug-if ufits; tlraugl R^=->0/M^RI
]yfmlrafiz`tiaf Rjquirjdjfts m`f bj mc`ssieijh ifta tlrjj hieejrjft typjs?
•
•
•
Erjqujfmy syfmlrafiz`tiaf
syfmlrafiz`t iaf
^l`sj syfmlrafiz`tiaf
syfmlrafiz`t iaf
Xidj syfmlrafiz`tiaf
syfmlrafiz` tiaf
Erjqujfmy syfmlrafiz`tiaf
]yfmlrafiz`tiaf if tlj erjqujfmy had`if rjejrs ta tlj erjqujfmy `mmur`my dj`surjh by
madp`rifg tlj `mtu`c erjqujfmy gjfjr`tjh by tlj BX] if tlj `ir iftjre`mj (m`rrijr
erjqujfmy) ta ` st`bcj rjejrjfmj mcamk. Xlis erjqujfmy `mmur`my is dj`surjh if ufits ae
ppb (p`rts pjr bicciaf) ar ppd (p`rts pjr dicciaf). =G^^ rjquirjs tl`t tlj dahuc`tjh
m`rrijr erjqujfmy ae tlj BX] (`cc R@Xs) bj `mmur`tj ta witlif °:>ppb.
Erjqujfmy syfmlrafiz`tiaf m`f bj pravihjh tlraugl ]yfmlrafaus Jtljrfjt, Xa^ sc`vj
(IJJJ0:<<v2), 2 DLz, GF]] (ear jx`dpcj G^], Gcaf`ss).
^l`sj syfmlrafiz`tiaf
]yfmlrafiz`tiaf if tlj pl`sj had`if rjejrs ta tlj er`dj `cigfdjft ae tlj r`hia er`dj
tr`fsdittjh ifta tlj `ir iftjre`mj by hieejrjft BX]s tl`t `rj `cigfjh ta j`ml atljr witl tlj
rjquirjh `mmur`my (if tlj ufit ae dimrasjmafhs ar jvjf f`fasjmafhs). Xidj Hupcjx
tjmlfacagy, suml `s CXJ XHH, rjquirjs pl`sj syfmlrafiz`tiaf ear its b`sim apjr`tiaf ta
`cigf hawfcifk `fh upcifk tr`fsdissiaf. ^l`sj syfmlrafiz`tiaf idpcimitcy ifmcuhjs
erjqujfmy syfmlrafiz`tiaf but fat tlj atljr w`y `raufh.
^l`sj syfmlrafiz`tiaf m`f bj pravihjh tlraugl Xa^ witl pl`sj syfm ar GF]] rjmjivjr.
Xidj syfmlrafiz`tiaf
]yfmlrafiz`tiaf if tlj `bsacutj tidj had`if dj`fs tl`t hieejrjft fjtwark jcjdjfts `rj
`cigfjh ta tlj rjquirjh Xidj ae H`y (XaH ” if tlj ufit ae yj`rs, daftls, h`ys, laurs, `fh
sa af). Xlj rjquirjdjfts sp`f erad vjry dich rjquirjdjfts ta tlj dast strifgjft
hjpjfhifg af tlj `ppcim`tiafs. Ear jx`dpcj, tidj syfmlrafiz`tiaf is rjquirjh ear A&D
purpasjs, suml `s `c`rd marrjc`tiaf. If tlis m`sj, tlj `mmur`my rjquirjdjft is if tlj
r`fgj ae diccisjmafhs. Af tlj atljr l`fh, ]ystjd Er`dj Fudbjr (]EF) `cigfdjft af
tlj r`hia iftjre`mj l`s ` vjry strimt `mmur`my rjquirjdjft af tlj cjvjc ae sub
dimrasjmafhs. Fatj tl`t ]EF `cigfdjft rjquirjs pl`sj syfmlrafiz`tiaf.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
==
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]
@ir]m`cj
m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj maddaf
maddaf pcug
pcug-if
-if ufit
ufits
s
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmriptia
Hjsmriptiaf
f
7.2 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj lachavjr
pjreard`fmj
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj pravihjs iftjrf`c syfmlrafiz`tiaf ear ` ciditjh tidj if
m`sj tlj jxtjrf`c syfmlrafiz`tiaf is cast.
Xlj @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj maddaf pcug-if ufits (@]I@, @]IB, @]IK) pravihj tlj
eaccawifg lachavjr m`p`bicitijs?
•
•
•
g
Xypim`c lachavjr pjreard`fmj ae +/- :> ppb ear 5> h`ys.
Xypim`c lachavjr pjreard`fmj ae +/- = γs ear 28 laurs.
Xypim`c lachavjr pjreard`fmj ae +/- 0> γs ear 6 28 laurs.
Fatj? Mafhitiafs? Xlj BX] l`s bjjf pawjrjh af `fh suppcijh witl `mmur`tj pl`sj
syfm saurmjs ear ` pjriah ae fa cjss tl`f sjvjf h`ys. Hurifg tlj avjr`cc pjriah
(ifmcuhifg lachavjr), BX] l`s bjjf subojmt ta st`bcj X mafhitiafs.
7.= Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug-if ufits rjsjt `fh
sjrvimj buttafs
Xlj buttafs rjsjt tlj BX], tlj mafeigur`tiaf, ar rjst`rt tlj BX] if ` e`ic s`ej dahj
Yau m`f usj tlj rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs af Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug-if ufits if
m`sj tlj rjdatj maffjmtiaf is fat passibcj.
g
Fatj? ^rjssifg `fy ae tlj buttafs rjsucts if tlj sjrvimj aut`gj.
X`bcj 07
Buttaf
=8
Rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs us`gj jeejmts
^rjssifg tidj
Jeejmt
Rjsjt
Rjs
jt
Cjs
Cjss
s tl`
tl`f
f:s
Rjb
Rjbaat
aat ta `mtivj
`mtivj p`r
p`rtit
titiaf
iaf ]W (fa
(fadif
dif`c
`c ]W),
]W), fa ml`fgj
ml`fgjs
s if
mafeigur`tiaf
Rjsjt
Rjs
jt
Dar
Darj
j tl`
tl`f
f:s
Rjb
Rjbaat
aat ta `mtivj
`mtivj p`r
p`rtit
titiaf
iaf ]W (fa
(fadif
dif`c
`c ]W),
]W), ma
madd
ddiss
issiaf
iafifg
ifg h`t`
h`t`
mcj`rjh, fa ml`fgjs ta sjmurity p`r`djtjrs; rjmaddissiafifg is
fjjhjh
]jrvim
]jr
vimj
j
]if
]ifgcj
gcj mcimk
mcimk
Rjb
Rjbaat
aat ta e`ic
e`ic s`e
s`ej
j ]W
]W;; rj-ifs
rj-ifst`c
t`cc`t
c`tiaf
iaf ae tlj fadif`
fadif`cc ]W `fh
rjmaddissiafifg `rj fjjhjh
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmript
Hjsmriptiaf
iaf
Eigurj 0=
Faki`
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj maddaf
maddaf pcug-if
pcug-if ufits
ufits
@]I@ rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs cam`tiaf
Cam`tiaf ae tlasj buttafs af @]I@@ is tlj s`dj.
Eigurj 08
@]IB rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs cam`tiaf
Cam`tiaf ae tlasj buttafs af @]IB@ is tlj s`dj.
Eigurj 0:
@]IK rjsjt `fh sjrvimj buttafs cam`tiafs
Cam`tiaf ae tlasj buttafs af @]IK@ is tlj s`dj.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
=:
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]
@ir]m`cj
m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj m`p`mity
m`p`mity pcug-if
pcug-if ufit
ufits
s
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmriptia
Hjsmriptiaf
f
< Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj m`p`mity pcugif ufits
Xlj ufits pravihj mjcc-spjmieim b`sjb`fh pramjssifg `fh aptim`c iftjre`mjs ta r`hia ufits.
X`bcj 0<
M`p`mity ufits avjrvijw
^rapjrty
U`cuj
@BI@
g
@BIC
Faki` prahumt mahj
87=>95@
878>2>@
Ifgrjss pratjmtiaf mc`ss
I^ 2>
I^ 2>
Wjiglt (witlaut p`mk`gifg)
2.0 kg (8.5 cb)
2.0 kg (8.5 cb)
Iftrahumjh by ej`turj
CXJ2250? @ir]m`cj M`p`mity
@BI@
:GM>>>275? @ir]m`cj M`p`mity
@BIC
Fatj? Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj m`p`mity pcug-if ufits jxist if v`riaus vjrsiafs.
Rjejr ta Xjmlfim`c Fatjs (p`rt ae systjd ]W rjcj`sj hamudjft`tiaf) ear eufmtiaf`city
hjt`ics ae j`ml vjrsiaf.
Eigurj 05
@BI@ iftjre`mjs
X`bcj 09
@BI@ iftjre`mjs
C`bjc
Eufmtiaf
RE0..
RE0...5
.5
Era
Eraftl
ftl`uc
`uc ift
iftjre
jre`mj
`mj R^
R^==>0/M^RI ta r`hia ufits
Maffjmta
r typj
]E^+
@hhitiaf`c ifeard`tiaf
0 x AB]@I R^=->0 (=>72 Dbps ar 5088
Dbps) ar M^RI (5 Gbps ar 9.< Gbps)
]upparts IP Madprjssiaf witl tlrjj
M^RI iftjre`mjs RE0, RE2 `fh RE=
Eigurj 07
@BIC iftjre`mjs
X`bcj 2>
@BIC iftjre`mjs
C`bjc
=5
Eufmtiaf
]-RE0,
Eraftl`uc M^RI
]-RE2
iftjre`mjs ta r`hia ufits
Maffjmtar typj
]E^/]E^+
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
@hhitiaf`c ifeard`tiaf
M^RI 9.< Gbps ar 0>.0=75 Gbps
0>/2: GJ
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmript
Hjsmriptiaf
iaf
X`bcj 2>
C`bjc
P-RE0,
P-RE2
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj m`p`mity
m`p`mity pcug-if
pcug-if ufits
ufits
@BIC iftjre`mjs (Maft.)
Eufmtiaf
Eraftl`uc M^RI
iftjre`mjs ta r`hia ufits
Maffjmtar typj
P]E^
@hhitiaf`c ifeard`tiaf
M^RI 9.< Gbps ar 0>.0=75 Gbps
0>/2: GJ
0>/2: GJ Jtljrfjt
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
=7
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj jfvirafdjft`c
rjquirjdjfts `fh idp`mt
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
9 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj jfvirafdjft`c
rjquirjdjfts `fh idp`mt
9.0 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj jfvirafdjft`c
rjquirjdjfts
Xjdpjr`turj `fh ludihity r`fgjs; tr`fspart, star`gj, `fh apjr`tiaf`c rjquirjdjfts
X`bcj 20
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D tjdpjr`turj `fh ludihity rjquirjdjfts
@mtivity
Xjdpjr`turj r`fgjs
Ludihity r`fgjs
Ifhaar
Authaar
Xr`fspart`tiaf
”8>¾M ta 7>¾M (”8>¾E ta 0:<¾E)
Zp ta 9:%
]tar`gj
”==¾M ta ::¾M (”27¾E ta 0=0¾E)
0>% ta 0>>%
Ifst`cc`tiaf
”2>¾M ta 5>¾M (”8¾E ta 08>¾E)
Zp ta 9=%
Ap
Apjr
jr`t
`tif
ifg
g
”:¾M
”:¾M ta :>¾M
:>¾M (2=¾
(2=¾E
E ta 022¾
022¾E)
E) ea
earr `c
`ccc
:G mafeigur`tiafs witl b`mk ta eraft
`irecaw.
”=:¾M ta ::¾M
(”=0¾E ta 0=0¾E)
”:¾M ta ::¾M (2=¾E ta 0=0¾E)
•
Ear `cc CXJ mafeigur`tiafs.
•
Ear `cc :G mafeigur`tiafs witl
eraft ta b`mk `irecaw.
Ear :G rjhumjh mafeigur`tiafs
witl b`mk ta eraft `irecaw. Maft`mt
Faki` Xjmlfim`c ]uppart ear
hjt`ics. Ear suppartjh e`f
praeicjs, sjj Faki` @ir]m`cj
]ystjd Dahucj saufh pawjr
cjvjcs..
cjvjcs
•
”:¾M ta 5>¾M (2=¾E ta 08>¾E)7)
^awjrifg up<)
Mach
ach st`r
t`rtt-up
up
”=:¾M ta ::¾M (”=0¾E ta 0=0¾E)
”:¾
:¾M
M ta ::¾
::¾M (2=¾
(2=¾E
E ta 0=
0=0¾
0¾E)
E)
”8>
”8>¾M ta ::
::¾¾M
(”8>¾E ta 0=0¾E)
7)
<)
=<
5>¾M is afcy suppartjh if CXJ/]R@F, witl eraft ta b`mk `irecaw ifsihj @DI@ witl @]I@ @.2>2 ar @
@]IB,
]IB, `fh
`fy @BI@ vjrsiaf.
^awjrifg af is `ccawjh erad ”=:¾M, but @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj hajs fat st`rt uftic ”:¾M is rj`mljh.
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Fak
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Da
Dahu
hucj
cj ^rahu
^rahumt
mt Hjsmr
Hjsmript
iptiaf
iaf
X`bcj 22
Ifst`cc`tiaf
jfvirafdj
ft
Ifh
Ifhaar
aar
Faki`
Faki` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj jfvir
jfviraf
afdj
djft`
ft`cc
rjquirjdjfts `fh idp`mt
Rjquirjh mcid`tim mafhitiafs
JX]I fard rjquirjh ear?
Xr`fspart`tiaf
]tar`gj
Apjr`tiaf
JX
JX]I
]I JF =>>
=>> >09>09-00-2
2
JX]I JF =>> >09-0-0
JX]I JF =>> >09-0-=,
Mc`ss 2.=
Mc`ss 0.2
mc`ss =.0J
JX]I JF =>> >09-0-8,
mc`ss 8.0
9)
Authaar
9.2 FJB] rjquirjdjfts ear Faki` @ir]m`cj ]D
@ sjt ae maddaf
maddaf tjmlfim`c rjquirjdjfts
rjquirjdjfts ae s`ejty,
s`ejty, sp`ti`c `fh jfvirafdjft`c
jfvirafdjft`c hjsigf
hjsigf
guihjcifjs, `ppcim`bcj ta tjcjmaddufim`tiafs jquipdjft
Fjtwark Jquipdjft-Buichifg ]ystjd (FJB]; GR0><9 mritjri`) ifst`cc`tiaf sitj
rjquirjdjfts ear tlj Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj?
•
Xlj Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj fjjhs ta bj maffjmtjh ta tlj cam`c graufhifg
systjd. @cc graufhifg systjd wirifg dust bj ifst`ccjh by `pprapri`tjcy cimjfsjh
pjrsaffjc. Ifst`cc`tiaf dust bj pjreardjh if `mmarh`fmj witl f`tiaf`c `fh cam`c
jcjmtrim`c mahjs, ear jx`dpcj? F`tiaf`c Jcjmtrim`c Mahj (FJM), F`tiaf`c Eirj
^ratjmtiaf @ssami`tiaf 7> (FE^@ 7>) if tlj Zfitjh ]t`tjs.
Xlj Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj fjjhs ta bj pravihjh witl `f jfvirafdjft`c
jfmcasurj if cam`tiafs wljrj tlj FJM `ppcijs ear rjstrimtjh `mmjss, `fh if autsihj
pc`ft cam`tiafs.
Xlj Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj fjjhs ta bj ifst`ccjh usifg tlrj`h-eardifg typj
ufit dauftifg smrjws tl`t rjdavj `fy paift ar faf-mafhumtivj ma`tifgs `fh
jst`bcisl djt`c-ta-djt`c maft`mt.
Xlj Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj fjjhs ta bj maffjmtjh ta `f isac`tjh HM rjturf
(HM-I).
Xlj iftr`-buichifg
iftr`-buichi fg parts, suml `s/ear jx`dpcj tlj Jcjmtrim`c Jtljrfjt (JIE) iftjre`mjs
`fh tlj Cam`c D`f`gjdjft ^art (CD^) ae tlj jquipdjft ar sub`ssjdbcy, `rj
•
•
•
•
suit`bcj ear maffjmtiaf ta iftr`-buichifg, ufjxpasjh wirifg, ar m`bcifg afcy. Xlj iftr`buichifg parts ae tlj jquipdjft ar sub`ssjdbcy dust fat bj djt`ccim`ccy maffjmtjh ta
iftjre`mjs tl`t maffjmt ta tlj Autsihj ^c`ft (A]^) ar its wirifg. Xljsj iftjre`mjs `rj
hjsigfjh ear usj `s iftr`-buichifg iftjre`mjs afcy (Xypj 2 ar Xypj 8 parts `s
hjsmribjh if GR-0><9) `fh rjquirj isac`tiaf erad tlj jxpasjh Autsihj ^c`ft (A]^)
m`bcifg. Xlj `hhitiaf ae ^rid`ry ^ratjmtars is fat sueeimijft pratjmtiaf if arhjr ta
maffjmt tljsj iftjre`mjs djt`ccim`ccy ta A]^ wirifg.
9)
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
JX]I JF =>> >09-0-=, mc`ss =.0 givjs gjfjr`c guih`fmj af ifhaar ifst`cc`tiaf jfvirafdjft`c mafhitiafs.
Lawjvjr, cam`c mafhitiafs m`f ml`fgj avjr tidj (h`y, sj`saf) `fh it m`f bj idpassibcj ta vjriey ie tlj
ifhaar sitj rjquirjdjfts `rj uf`dbiguauscy djt. Ear jx`dpcj, tlj `dauft ae ludihity `fh hust m`f
ifmrj`sj ta ` cjvjc wliml jvjftu`ccy m`f hjmrj`sj pjreard`fmj `fh prjvjft tlj fard`c apjr`tiaf ae tlj
dahucj avjr tidj. If suml ` m`sj, wljf tlis jfvirafdjft`c ufmjrt`ifty is prjsjft, tlj cafg-tjrd apjr`tiaf
ae BX] dahucjs dust bj sjmurjh by idpravifg tlj apjr`tifg mafhitiafs, ear jx`dpcj, by usifg prapjr
eictjrifg ear hust `fh ludihity. "Ifhaar" if tlis maftjxt dj`fs ` maftraccjh jfvirafdjft tl`t l`s fa hirjmt
authaar maft`mt ar `mmjss (suml `s apjf wifhaws ar haars). Ear jx`dpcj, ` raae ar `fy atljr sljctjr
`g`ifst r`if `cafj hajs fat qu`ciey `s `f ifhaar sp`mj. Ifmadifg `ir dust bj eictjrjh ta rjdavj `fy hust. Ie
tlj autsihj `ir is lattjr tl`f tlj ifhaar sp`mj, tljrj dust fat bj `fy daisturj wliml diglt mafhjfsj ifta
w`tjr. @ lj`t jxml`fgjr ar `f `ir mafhitiafjr m`f bj usjh ifstj`h ae eictjr `ir maacifg.
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
=9
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj jfvirafdjft`c
rjquirjdjfts `fh idp`mt
•
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
Xlj iftr`-buichifg parts ae tlj jquipdjft ar sub`ssjdbcy dust usj slijchjh iftr`buichifg m`bcifg/wirifg tl`t is graufhjh `t batl jfhs.
9.= Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj saufh pawjr cjvjcs
D`xidud `maustim faisj cjvjcs jdittjh by Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj subr`mks,
dj`surjh `mmarhifg ta I]A =788
X`bcj 2=
]ubr`mks' saufh pawjr cjvjcs hjpjfhjfmy af tjdpjr`turj (dj`surjh
`mmarhifg ta I]A =788)
Xjd
jdpj
pjr`
r`tu
turj
rj
D`xi
D`xidu
dud
d fa
fais
isj
j cj
cjvj
vjcc if eeuc
uccc mafe
mafeig
igur
ur`t
`tia
iaf
f wi
witl
tl ccaw
aw fai
faisj
sj ee`f
`f p
pra
raei
eicj
cj
(hB@)
@DI@
@DAB
@DAH
0:¾M (:9¾E)
:8
:7
Wicc bj pravihjh if tlj euturj
rjcj`sjs
2=¾M (7=.8¾E)
52
:7
Wicc bj pravihjh if tlj euturj
rjcj`sjs
8:¾M (00=¾E)
5<
75
Wicc bj pravihjh if tlj euturj
rjcj`sjs
X`bcj 28
]ubr`mks' saufh pawjr cjvjcs hjpjfhjfmy af e`f praeicj `t 2=¾M
(dj`surjh `mmarhifg ta I]A =788)
E`f praeicj
D`xidud faisj cjvjc (hB@)
@DI@
@DAB
@DAH
Caw faisj
52
:7
Wicc bj pravihjh if tlj
euturj rjcj`sjs
Aptidizjh
<2
<=
7>
Aptidizjh witl dueecjr
F
Fa
at `ppcim`bcj
Fat `ppcim`bcj
58
Cifj`r
7>
72*
@t 2:¾M? 58
@t 8:¾M? 7>
Cifj`r witl dueecjr
Fat `ppcim`bcj
Fat `ppcim`bcj
@t 2:¾M? :<
@t 8:¾M? 58
*If larizaft`c pasitiaf. Ujrtim`c d`y bj cauhjr.
8>
g
Fatj? Xlj aptidizjh e`f praeicj hajs fat mafeard witl FJB] `maustim jdissiaf cidits.
w
FAXIMJ? Ha fat usj tlj caw faisj e`f praeicj witl b`mk ta eraft `irecaw hirjmtiaf ifsihj
@DI@ witl @BIC. Zsj tlj cifj`r (hje`uct) ar tlj aptidizjh e`f praeicj.
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m
@ir]m`cj
`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahu
Dahucj
cj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmript
Hjsmriptiaf
iaf
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahu
Dahucj
cj pawjr
pawjr suppc
suppcy
y sacut
sacutiafs
iafs
0> Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj pawjr suppcy
sacutiafs
Yau d`y pravihj pawjr ta tlj subr`mk l`cvjs sjp`r`tjcy, rjhufh`ftcy, ar tlj pawjr d`y
bj brihgjh
X`bcj 2:
^awjr suppcy aptiafs suppart by subr`mks
^awjr su
suppcy a
ap
ptiaf @DI@ @DAB @DAH
Aptiaf 0
yjs
y
yj
js
yjs
Aptiaf 2
yjs
fa
fa
Aptiaf =
yjs
fa
yjs*
*rjquirjs twa pawjr ejjhifg cifjs?
•
•
g
afj ta tlj ^HZ `fh erad tlj ^HZ ta tlj cjet sihj maddaf pcug-if ufit
afj witl ` tlirh p`rty avjrvact`gj pratjmtiaf (AU^) ta tlj riglt sihj maddaf pcug-if
ufit
Fatj? @ sjp`r`tj graufhifg m`bcj is fjjhjh ear j`ml maffjmtjh HM ejjh.
Aptiaf 0? @ sifgcj pawjr suppcy ear tlj wlacj @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj
If tlis aptiaf, tljrj is afj HM ejjh erad jitljr cjet ar riglt subr`mk l`ce's HM ifput.
Eigurj 0<
^awjr aptiaf 0
^rid`ry
HM
^rid`ry
HM
Aptiaf 2? Xwa pawjr suppcijs, suppcyifg pawjr ifhjpjfhjftcy ta twa BX]s
If tlis aptiaf, tlj HM brihgj if tlj subr`mk's rj`r is rjdavjh. Batl ifputs ejjh tljir awf
subr`mk l`ce.
Eigurj 09
^rid`ry
HM
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
^awjr aptiaf 2
^rid`ry
HM
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
80
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m
@ir]m`cj
`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahu
Dahucj
cj pawjr
pawjr supp
suppcy
cy s
sacut
acutiafs
iafs
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahuc
Dahucj
j ^rah
^rahumt
umt Hjsmriptia
Hjsmriptiaf
f
Aptiaf =? Rjhufh`ft ear afj BX]
Xlis aptiaf pravihjs ca`h b`c`fmifg bjtwjjf tlj twa ifputs tlraugl ` HM brihgj if tlj
subr`mk's rj`r.
Eigurj 2>
^awjr aptiaf =
^rid`ry
HM
82
]jmafh`ry HM
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmript
Hjsmriptiaf
iaf
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj pawjr
pawjr rjquirjd
rjquirjdjfts
jfts
`fh mafsudptiaf
00 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj pawjr
rjquirjdjfts `fh mafsudptiaf
]uppcy vact`gj r`fgj; pawjr mafsudptiaf ae pcug-if ufits `fh subr`mks
g
Fatj? Ear HM-ejjh `fh eusj r`tifg hjt`ics, sjj
Faki` @ir]m`cj BX] Ifst`cc`tiaf ]itj Rjquirjdjfts
X`bcj 25
Ifput vact`gj ae tlj Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj Ifhaar
^rapjrty
U`cuj
Fadif`c suppcy vact`gj
-8< U HM
Fadif`c ifput vact`gj r`fgj
-8>.: U HM ta - :7.> U HM
Jxtjfhjh ifput vact`gj r`fgj*
-=5.> U HM ta -8>.: U HM
-:7.> U HM ta -5>.> U HM
Difidud st`rtup vact`gj
8>.: U HM
*Ie tlj ifput vact`gj jxmjjhs tlj jxtjfhjh r`fgj, tlj ufit d`y slut hawf.
X`bcj 27
^awjr mafsudptiaf ae tlj Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj subufits `fh
mafeigur`tiafs
Zfit/subr`mk
Xypim`c pawjr
mafsudptiaf (`t 2:¾)
Dj`surjh `mmarhifg
ta JX]I J] 2>2 7>5
D`xidud pawjr
mafsudptiaf (`t
::¾/5>¾)
Mach st`rt pawjr
mafsudptiaf
@DAB, @DAH? `t
-8>¾M
^cug-if ufits, @DI@?
`t -:¾M
@]I@
<> W
029 W
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
@]IB
<> W
wicc
bjrjcj`sj
pravihjh if
euturj
wicc
bj rjcj`sj
pravihjh if
euturj
@]IK*
00
00:
: W*
0<> W*
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
@BI@
<> W
0:< W
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
@BIC*
0=2 W*
099 W*
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
@DI@
2> W ta 8> W,
hjpjfhifg af tlj
mafeigur`tiaf
8> W
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
@DI@ difidud
mafeigur`tiaf
05> W
20> W
3 05> W
(0 @]I@ + 0 @BI@)
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
8=
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj pawjr rjquirjdjfts
`fh mafsudptiaf
X`bcj 27
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
^awjr mafsudptiaf ae tlj Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj subufits `fh
mafeigur`tiafs (Maft.)
Zfit/subr`mk
Xypim`c pawjr
mafsudptiaf (`t 2:¾)
Dj`surjh `mmarhifg
ta JX]I J] 2>2 7>5
D`xidud pawjr
mafsudptiaf (`t
::¾/5>¾)
Mach st`rt pawjr
mafsudptiaf
@DAB, @DAH? `t
-8>¾M
^cug-if ufits, @DI@?
`t -:¾M
@DI@ d`xidud
mafeigur`tiaf
7>2 W
028< W
3 7>2 W
:7= W*
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
0: W
22: W
:7> W (witl afj
lj`tjr)
(2 @]I@ + 5 @BI@)
@DI@ :G l`ce
jquippjh*
(0 @]IK + = @BIC)
@DAB
00>> W (witl twa
lj`tjrs)
@DAB difidud
mafeigur`tiaf
072 W
2<7 W
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
780 W
0>>= W
wicc bj pravihjh if
euturj rjcj`sj
:8 W
0=> W
52: W (witl afj
lj`tjr)
(0 @]I@ + 0 @BI@)
@DAB d`xidud
mafeigur`tiaf
(2 @]I@ + 5 @BI@)
@DAH
022: W (witl twa
lj`tjrs)
*Xlj v`cujs ear :G ufits `rj prjcidif`ry; tlj jx`mt v`cujs wicc bj pravihjh if tlj euturj
rjcj`sjs.
88
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Fak
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Da
Dahu
hucj
cj ^rahu
^rahumt
mt Hjsmr
Hjsmript
iptiaf
iaf
Faki`
Faki` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahu
Dahucj
cj CJH ifhim`
ifhim`tar
tars
s
02 Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj CJH
ifhim`tars
J`ml pcug-if ufit's CJHs ifhim`tj st`tus ae spjmieim parts, e`fs, pcug-if ufits, ar tlj wlacj
]ystjd Dahucj
CJHs ifhim`tj apjr`tiaf ae tlj pcug-if ufits (ar tlj wlacj systjd dahucj) `s eaccaws?
Zfit (systjd dahucj) st`tus CJH
@cc ]E^/P]E^ `fh RO8: iftjre`mjs st`tus CJH
E@F st`tus CJH
]JI iftjre`mjs cifk st`tus CJH (maddaf pcug-if ufits)
•
•
•
•
@cc CJHs `rj =-macar (rjh, grjjf, yjccaw) `fh l`vj tlrjj passibcj st`tjs wljf cit?
st`bcj, bcifkifg, ar `ctjrf`tifg macars
•
02.0 :G maddaf pcug-if ufit CJH ifhim`tars
Eigurj 20
@]IK CJH ifhim`tar cam`tiafs
@]IK@ CJH ifhim`tars `rj cam`tjh if tlj s`dj cam`tiafs.
X`bcj 2<
@]IK CJH ifhim`tars (:G)
CJH f`dj
E@F
CJH hjsmriptiaf
Apjr`tiaf`c st`tus ae E@F
CJH st`tus
]t`bcj GRJJF? `cc e`fs warkifg
]t`bcj YJCCAW? sadj e`fs e`ucty
]t`bcj RJH? `cc e`fs e`ucty
AEE? fat if usj
]X@XZ]
Apjr`tiaf`c st`tus ae tlj
wlacj ]ystjd Dahucj
]t`bcj GRJJF? LW afcifj ar
maddissiafifg mafeigurjh
Bcifkifg GRJJF? ]W hawfca`hifg ar
maddissiafifg mafeigurifg (if ruftidj)
]t`bcj YJCCAW? maddissiafifg fat
mafeigurjh0>)
0>)
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Maddissiafjh h`t` w`s fat upca`hjh
upca`hjh ta ` BX].
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
8:
Faki`
Fak
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj CJH
CJH ifhim`
ifhim`tar
tars
s
X`bcj 2<
Fak
Faki`
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahuc
Dahucj
j ^r
^rah
ahumt
umt Hjsmri
Hjsmripti
ptiaf
af
@]IK CJH ifhim`tars (:G) (Maft.)
CJH f`dj
CJH hjsmriptiaf
CJH st`tus
Bcifkifg YJCCAW? ]W hawfca`hifg ar
maddissiafifg mafeigurifg (if st`rt-up)
]t`bcj
RJH? LW
rjsjttifg
ar LW
00) e`icjh ar
maddissiafifg
fat
mafeigurjh
Bcifkifg RJH? LW hjgr`hjh
@ctjrf`tifg RJH/YJCCAW? @utamaffjmtiaf
st`tj? Rjojmtjh ar rjgistjrjh FAK
@ctjrf`tifg GRJJF/RJH? @utamaffjmtiaf
st`tj? Rjgistjrjh
@ctjrf`tifg GRJJF/YJCCAW?
@utamaffjtiaf st`tj? Madpcjtjh
]JI
Cifk st`tus ae ]ystjd
Jxtjfsiaf iftjre`mj ]JI0
@v`ic`bcj if ` euturj rjcj`sj 02)
JIE0
Cifk st`tus ae 0>GJ/2:GJ
]E^2< XR] iftjre`mj JIE0
]t`bcj GRJJF? JIE cifk warkifg
JIE2
Cifk st`tus ae 0>GJ/2:GJ
]E^2< XR] iftjre`mj JIE2
CD^
Cifk st`tus ae Cam`c
D`f`gjdjft ^art
]t`bcj YJCCAW? JIE part l`s ` e`ucty ar
faf-madpci`ft ]E^ dahucj
AEE? if st`rt-up A@D mafeigurjs batl JIE
parts `s hje`uct ar ]E^ pcug-if dahucj is
dissifg erad JIE part ar JIE l`s ` marrjmt
]E^ dahucj but cifk is fat warkifg
]t`bcj GRJJF? CD^ maffjmtjh
AEE? CD^ his`bcjh
02.2 :G m`p`mity pcug-if ufit CJH ifhim`tars
Eigurj 22
@BIC CJH ifhim`tar cam`tiafs
X`bcj 29
@BIC CJH ifhim`tars (:G)
CJH f`dj
]X@XZ]
00)
02)
85
CJH hjsmriptiaf
Apjr`tiaf`c st`tus ae tlj
@BIC pcug-if ufit
CJH st`tus
]t`bcj GRJJF? LW afcifj ar
maddissiafifg mafeigurjh
Maddissiafjh h`t` w`s upca`hjh ta
ta ` BX], but it is dissifg/marruptjh.
]JI maffjmtar is usjh afcy ta maffjmt twa @]IKs witlif afj gFB-HZ (if afj @DI@ subr`mk). Murrjftcy
suml mafeigur`tiaf is fat suppartjh. Xwa @]IKs m`f bj pc`mjh if afj @DI@ subr`mk, but tljy bjcafg ta
hieejrjft gFB-HZs sa tljrj is fa ]JI maffjmtiaf bjtwjjf tljd.
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Fak
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Da
Dahu
hucj
cj ^rahu
^rahumt
mt Hjsmr
Hjsmript
iptiaf
iaf
X`bcj 29
Faki`
Faki` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahu
Dahucj
cj CJH ifhim`
ifhim`tar
tars
s
@BIC CJH ifhim`tars (:G) (Maft.)
CJH f`dj
CJH hjsmriptiaf
CJH st`tus
Bcifkifg YJCCAW? ]W hawfca`hifg ar
maddissiafifg mafeigurifg (if st`rt-up)
]t`bcj RJH? LW e`icjh
Bcifkifg RJH? LW hjgr`hjh
]-RE0
Cifk st`tus ae RE
]t`bcj GRJJF? cifk jst`bcisljh
]E^+/]E^2< iftjre`mj ]-RE0
]t`bcj YJCCAW? dissifg ]E^ dahucj ar
]E^ dahucj LW jrrar
]-RE2
]t`bcj RJH? cifk brakjf
Cifk st`tus ae RE
]E^+/]E^2< iftjre`mj ]-RE2 AEE? D-pc`fj is fat ifiti`cizjh ar tlj part is
fat maddissiafjh
maddissiafjh
P-RE0
Cifk st`tus ae RE
P]E^+/P]E^2< iftjre`mj PRE0
]t`bcj GRJJF? `cc maddissiafjh cifks
jst`bcisljh
]t`bcj YJCCAW? dissifg P]E^ dahucj ar
P]E^ dahucj LW jrrar
]t`bcj RJH? `cc maddissiafjh cifks brakjf
P-RE2
Cifk st`tus ae RE
P]E^+/P]E^2< iftjre`mj PRE2
@ctjrf`tifg RJH/GRJJF? sadj
maddissiafjh cifks brakjf
AEE? D-pc`fj is fat ifiti`cizjh ar tlj part is
fat maddissiafjh
maddissiafjh
02.= CXJ/]R@F maddaf pcug-if ufits CJH ifhim`tars
Eigurj 2=
@]I@ CJH ifhim`tars cam`tiaf
@]I@@ CJH ifhim`tars `rj cam`tjh if tlj s`dj cam`tiafs.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
87
Faki`
Fak
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj CJH
CJH ifhim`
ifhim`tar
tars
s
Eigurj 28
Fak
Faki`
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahuc
Dahucj
j ^r
^rah
ahumt
umt Hjsmri
Hjsmripti
ptiaf
af
@]IB CJH ifhim`tars cam`tiaf
]RIA0
]X@XZ]
E@F
]JI0
]JI2
JIE0
JIE2
JIE:
JIE=
JIE8 CD^
@]IB@ CJH ifhim`tars `rj cam`tjh if tlj s`dj cam`tiafs.
X`bcj =>
@]I@ `fh @]IB CJH ifhim`tars (C
(CXJ,
XJ, ]R@F)
CJH f`dj
CJH hjsmriptiaf
E@F
Apjr`tiaf`c st`tus ae E@F
CJH st`tus
]t`bcj GRJJF? `cc e`fs warkifg
]t`bcj YJCCAW? sadj e`fs e`ucty
]t`bcj RJH? `cc e`fs e`ucty
]X@XZ]
Apjr`tiaf`c st`tus ae tlj
wlacj ]ystjd Dahucj
]t`bcj GRJJF? LW afcifj ar
maddissiafifg mafeigurjh
Bcifkifg GRJJF? maddissiafifg Iftjrf`c
]W hawfca`h wlicj mafeigurjh
]t`bcj YJCCAW? LW bcamkjh ar LW
hjtjmtjh ar maddissiafifg ufmafeigurjh
Bcifkifg YJCCAW? maddissiafifg
prjp`rifg ar maddissiafifg mafeigurifg ar
maddissiafifg prjp`rjh
]t`bcj RJH? LW rjsjttifg ar LW e`icjh
Bcifkifg RJH? LW hjgr`hjh
]JI0
Cifk st`tus ae ]ystjd
Jxtjfsiaf iftjre`mj ]JI0
@v`ic`bcj if ` euturj rjcj`sj
]JI2
Cifk st`tus ae ]ystjd
Jxtjfsiaf iftjre`mj ]JI2
@v`ic`bcj if ` euturj rjcj`sj
]RIA0
Cifk st`tus ae ]RIA ]E^+
iftjre`mj ]RIA0
]t`bcj GRJJF? ]RIA part afcifj
Cifk st`tu
st`tus
s ae ]RIA ]E^+
iftjre`mj ]RIA2
]t`bcj RJH? ]RIA part hjgr`hjh
Cifk st`tus ae 0/0>GJ
]E^/]E^+ XR] iftjre`mj
JIE0
]t`bcj GRJJF? JIE afcifj
Cifk st`tus ae 0/0>GJ
]t`bcj RJH? fa cifk hjtjmtjh
]E^/]E^+ XR] iftjre`mj
JIE2
]t`bcj RJH? JIE e`icjh
]RIA2
]RIA
2 (@]I
(@]I@
@ afcy)
JIE0
JIE2
8<
]t`bcj YJCCAW? ]RIA part maffjmtifg
Aee? ]RIA part e`icjh ar fat usjh
]t`bcj Yjccaw? ]E^ hismaffjmtjh
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Fak
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Da
Dahu
hucj
cj ^rahu
^rahumt
mt Hjsmr
Hjsmript
iptiaf
iaf
X`bcj =>
Faki`
Faki` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahu
Dahucj
cj CJH ifhim`
ifhim`tar
tars
s
@]I@ `fh @]IB CJH ifhim`tars (C
(CXJ,
XJ, ]R@F) (Maft.)
CJH f`dj
JIE=
CJH hjsmriptiaf
Cifk st`tus ae 0>>/0>>>B`sjX XR] iftjre`mj JIE:
JIE8
CifXR]
k st`iftjre`mj
tus ae 0>JIE5
>/0>>>B`sjX
JIE:
Cifk st`tus ae 0>>/0>>>B`sjX XR] iftjre`mj JIE7
CD^
Cifk st`tus ae Cam`c
D`f`gjdjft ^art
CJH st`tus
Bcifkifg RJH? JIE hjgr`hjh
Aee? JIE part fat usjh
]t`bcj GRJJF? CD^ part afcifj
]t`bcj YJCCAW? CD^ part aeecifj (CXJ)
Aee? CD^ part fat usjh (CXJ)
Aee? CD^ part aeecifj ar fat usjh (]ifgcj
R@F)
02.8 CXJ/]R@F m`p`mity pcug-if ufit CJH ifhim`tars
Eigurj 2:
@BI@ CJH ifhim`tars cam`tiaf
X`bcj =0
@BI@ CJH ifhim`tars (CXJ, ]R@F)
CJH f`dj
]X@XZ]
CJH hjsmriptiaf
Apjr`tiaf`c st`tus ae tlj
@BI@ pcug-if ufit
CJH st`tus
]t`bcj GRJJF? LW afcifj ar
maddissiafifg mafeigurjh
Bcifkifg GRJJF? Maddissiafifg Iftjrf`c
]W hawfca`h wlicj mafeigurjh
]t`bcj YJCCAW? LW bcamkjh ar LW
hjtjmtjh ar maddissiafifg ufmafeigurjh
Bcifkifg YJCCAW? maddissiafifg
prjp`rifg ar maddissiafifg mafeigurifg ar
maddissiafifg prjp`rjh
]t`bcj RJH? LW rjsjttifg ar LW e`icjh
Bcifkifg RJH? LW hjgr`hjh
RE0
Cifk st`tus ae RE ]E^+
iftjre`mj RE0
RE2
Cifk st`tus ae RE ]E^+
iftjre`mj RE2
RE=
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Cifk st`tus ae RE ]E^+
iftjre`mj RE=
]t`bcj GRJJF? aptim`c m`bcj afcifj
]t`bcj YJCCAW? aptim`c m`bcj
hismaffjmtjh
]t`bcj RJH? aptim`c m`bcj e`icjh
Bcifkifg RJH? aptim`c m`bcj hjgr`hjh
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
89
Faki`
Fak
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj CJH
CJH ifhim`
ifhim`tar
tars
s
X`bcj =0
@BI@ CJH ifhim`tars (CXJ, ]R@F) (Maft.)
CJH f`dj
:>
Fak
Faki`
i` @ir
@ir]m`
]m`cj
cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahuc
Dahucj
j ^r
^rah
ahumt
umt Hjsmri
Hjsmripti
ptiaf
af
CJH hjsmriptiaf
RE8
Cifk st`tus ae RE ]E^+
iftjre`mj RE8
RE:
C
ifk st`tuRE:
s ae RE ]E^+
iftjre`mj
RE5
Cifk st`tus ae RE ]E^+
iftjre`mj RE5
CJH st`tus
Aee? aptim`c m`bcj fat usjh
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
aki` @i
@irr]m`
m`cj
cj ]y
]yst
stj
jd Dahucj ^rah
rahumt Hjsm
smrrip
ipti
tia
af
Faki
ki`
` @i
@irr]m`
m`cj
cj f`dif
ifg
g ma
mafv
fvj
jfti
ftiaf
0= Faki` @ir]m`cj f`difg mafvjftiaf
Jxpc`f`tiaf af wl`t tlj mafsjmutivj cjttjrs ae ` Faki` @ir]m`cj BX] dahucjs dj`f
X`bcj =2
Faki` @ir]m`cj f`difg mafvjftiaf
Cjttjr
Eirst cjttjr
Hjsmriptiaf
Faki` @ir]m`cj prahumt e`dicy
@Q Q Q
Eirst cjttjr
EQQQ
]jmafh cjttjr
Eirst gjfjr`tiaf Faki` @ir]m`cj RRL, Ecjxi Ductir`hia 0> BX] prahumt
e`dicy
@ftjff` jquipdjft, s`dj b`fh madbifjr,
madbifjr, XH-CXJ dDIDA
Q @Q Q
]jmafh cjttjr
M`p`mity pcug-if ufit
Q BQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
M`bifjt `fh m`bifjt `mmjssarijs
Q MQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
Hipcjxjrs
Q HQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
:G `fh CXJ dDIDA
Q JQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
Faki` @ir]m`cj Rjdatj R`hia Lj`hs (RRLs)
Q LQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
:G r`hia `mmjss paifts (R@^)
Q OQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
Caw faisj d`st lj`h `dpcieijr (DL@)
Q CQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
]ubr`mks
Q DQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
Madp`mt `mtivj `ftjff` (M@@) sacutiaf
Q FQ Q
]jmafh cjttjr
]E^s
Q AQ Q
]jma
]jmafh
fh cjtt
cjttjr
jr
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
^awj
^awjrr su
supp
ppcy
cy da
dahu
hucj
cjs
s
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
:0
Faki`
aki` @i
@irr]m`
m`cj
cj f`dif
ifg
g ma
mafv
fvj
jft
ftiiaf
X`bcj =2
Fa
Faki
ki`
` @i
@ir]
r]m`
m`cj
cj ]ys
ystj
tjd
d Dahuc
hucj ^rahumt
umt Hjsm
Hjsmrrip
ipti
tia
af
Faki` @ir]m`cj f`difg mafvjftiaf (Maft.)
Cjttjr
Hjsmriptiaf
Q^ Q Q
]jmafh cjttjr
RE Dahucjs
QR QQ
]jmafh cjttjr
]ystjd Dahucjs (Ecjxi Ductir`hia 0> BX])
Q] Q Q
Maddaf pcug-if ufits (Faki` @ir]m`cj BX])
]jmafh cjttjr
Xr`fspart Dahucjs, ]ubdahucjs, `fh M`bcjs
QX Q Q
]jmafh cjttjr
Faki` @ir]m`cj XH-CXJ RE Dahucjs (REDs)
Q_ Q Q
Xlirh cjttjr
Ifhaar us`gj
QQ I Q
Xlirh cjttjr
Authaar us`gj
QQ AQ
Xlirh cjttjr
Ecjxi _afj `fh @ir]m`cj sd`cc mjccs
QQ WQ
Xlirh cjttjr
GF]]/G^] jquipdjft `fh `mmjssarijs
QQ Y Q
Eaurtl cjttjr
L`rhw`rj vjrsiaf - @ is tlj eirst, B - tlj sjmafh, `fh sa af.
QQ Q @
Eietl (`fh
If m`sj ae ducti-b`fh R`hia ufits, tljrj d`y bj eivj ar darj cjttjrs,
mafsjmutivj) cjttjr
QQ Q Q @
hjpjfhifg
af tlj
fudbjr
ae suppartjh
b`fhs.` Xlj
eietl cjttjr is ar
`csa
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spjmi`c
m`sjs,
tljf it hjfatjs
d`rkjt-spjmieim
mustadjr-spjmieim v`ri`ft. Ear jx`dpcj @]I@@ is tlj s`dj `s @]I@, but it
l`s ` hieejrjft HM ifput maffjmtar.
Ear tlj eaccawifg r`hia ufits, tlj sjmafh cjttjr ifhim`tjs tlj ufit typj?
•
•
•
•
•
•
:2
@@ - Faki` @irsm`cj XH-CXJ dDIDA
@J - Faki` @ir]m`cj :G dDIDA
@L - Faki` @ir]m`cj Rjdatj R`hia Lj`hs
@R - Faki` @ir]m`cj RE Dahucjs
@_ - Faki` @ir]m`cj XH-CXJ
XH-CXJ `fh :G RRL
EL - eirst gjfjr`tiaf Faki` @ir]m`cj RRL
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
aki` @i
@irr]m`
m`cj
cj ]y
]yst
stj
jd Dahucj ^rah
rahumt Hjsm
smrrip
ipti
tia
af
Faki
ki`
` @i
@irr]m`
m`cj
cj f`dif
ifg
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mafv
fvj
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ftiaf
Xlj tlirh cjttjr if tlasj m`sjs tjccs tlj apjr`tifg =G^^ b`fh ear tlj rjspjmtivj
tjmlfacagy (CXJ ar :G) `s if tlj t`bcj bjcaw. Ie tlj R`hia ufit supparts darj tl`f afj
erjqujfmy b`fh, tlj rjspjmtivj cjttjrs `rj givjf afj `etjr `fatljr. Ear jx`dpcj
@L^DH@ is ` tripcj-b`fh
tripcj-b`fh RRL, wljrj tlj cjttjrs ^DH hjsmribj tlj b`fhs it supparts B`fhs 2<, 2>, `fh <.
X`bcj ==
R`hia b`fhs f`difg mafvjftiaf
Cjttjr
B`fh
@
8>> DLz
B
B`fh
B`fhs
s 02
02,, 0=
0=,, 08
08,, 07
07,, 29 (7
(7>>
>> DL
DLz)
z)
M
B`fh : (<:> DLz)
H
B`fh < (9>> DLz)
J
B`fh
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(07>
7>>/
>/0<
0<>>
>> DLz)
Lz)
E
B`fh 2: (09>> DLz)
G
B`fh 0 (20>> DLz)
L
B`fh 7 (25>> DLz)
I
B`fh
`fh 55 (07>>
07>>/2
/20>
0>>
> DLz)
K
B`fh
`fh 00 (0:>>
0:>> DLz)
C
B`fh 02 (7>> DLz)
D
B`fh
`fh 2> (<>>
<>> DLz JZ)
F
B`fh => (2=>> DLz)
A
B`fh
`fh 70 (5>>
5>> DLz Z])
^
B`fh 2< (7>> DLz)
P
B`fhs 82, 8=
:G FR B`fhs f77, f7< (=:>> DL_ - 82>> DLz)
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Z
:G FR B`fh
B`fhs
s f2
f2:7
:7,, f2
f2:<
:< (2
(28
8 GLz
GLz ” 2< GLz)
GLz)
W
:G FR B`fh
B`fh f25>
f25> (=9
(=9 GL
GLz)
z)
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
:=
@ppjfhix?? Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj maffjmtars
@ppjfhix
pif d`ps
Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj ^rahumt Hjsmriptiaf
08 @ppjfhix? Faki` @ir]m`cj ]ystjd Dahucj
maffjmtars pif d`ps
^if d`ps ae Faki`-spjmieim maffjmtars
08.0 HM ifput maffjmtars pif d`p
Eigurj 25
HM ifput (@]I@, @]IB, @]IK)
HM
IF
+ Eigurj 27
HM ifput (@]I@@, @]IB@, @]IK@)
X`bcj =8
Maddaf dahucjs HM ifput maffjmtars
^ if
]igf`c (-8< U HM)
Cjet (+)
U8<RXF (+)
Riglt (-)
U8<F (-)
08.2 Faki` @ir]m`cj maddaf pcug-if ufits graufhifg
maffjmtars
Eigurj 2<
@]I@ @.0>0 graufhifg maffjmtar
GFH
:8
© 2>09 Faki`. Faki` mafeihjfti`c.
HF>92=0902 Issuj? >9
Faki`
Faki
` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj ^rahumt
^rahumt Hjsmript
Hjsmriptiaf
iaf
Eigurj 29
@ppjfhix
@ppjfhix?? Faki`
Faki` @ir]m`cj
@ir]m`cj ]ystjd
]ystjd Dahucj
Dahucj maffjmta
maffjmtars
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pif d`ps
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08.: Jxtjrf`c syfmlrafiz`tiaf autput maffjmtar pif d`p
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