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ANALYZING DATA
Intensive and Extensive Properties
Scientists have identified over 100 elements. Each element has its own unique set of
physical and chemical properties. However, differences may also exist between
samples of the same element. For example, a sample of iron may have a mass of
1 milligram, 1 gram, or 1 kilogram. The shape of the sample may be a cube, an irregular
shape, or many tiny filings.
The table shows the observed properties of several samples of three elements:
hydrogen, sodium, and iron.
Properties of Element Samples
Sample
Element
1
hydrogen
2
State
Mass
Volume
Density
Appearance
Reactivity
gas
8.2 mg
100 cm3
0.083
colorless
reacts explosively
with oxygen
hydrogen
gas
4.1 mg
50 cm3
0.02
colorless
reacts explosively
with oxygen
3
hydrogen
gas
1.2 mg
15 cm3
0.08
colorless
reacts explosively
with oxygen
4
sodium
solid
9.7 g
10 cm3
0.97
silvery-white
cube
reacts vigorously
at surface with
water and oxygen
5
sodium
solid
2.4 g
2.5 cm3
0.96
silvery-white
pieces
reacts vigorously
with water and
oxygen
6
sodium
solid
5.2 g
5.4 cm3
0.96
silvery-white
flakes
reacts quickly
and vigorously
with water and
oxygen
7
iron
solid
7.9 g
1.0 cm3
shiny,
grayish
flakes
surface rusts
when exposed to
oxygen
8
iron
solid
2.6 g
0.33 cm3
shiny,
surface rusts
grayish pellet when exposed to
oxygen
9
iron
solid
94.8 g
12 cm3
shiny,
surface rusts
grayish block when exposed to
oxygen
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1. SEP Calculate Density is equal to mass divided by volume. Calculate the
density for each of the nine samples, and record the values in the table. Be sure
to include the appropriate unit for each value.
2. CCC Patterns What pattern do you observe in the data?
3. SEP Analyze Data The properties of matter can be classified into two groups.
Extensive properties vary with the amount of matter in a sample. Intensive
properties remain the same, or are independent of the amount of matter present.
Analyze the data in the table to identify examples of extensive and intensive
properties. Explain your classifications.
4. SEP Engage in Argument A classmate claims that state of matter is an
extensive property because it can vary with temperature. For example, hydrogen
changes into a liquid at very low temperatures and high pressure, while iron can
melt into a liquid at very high temperatures. Do you agree with the classmate?
Write an argument to support your position.
Apply Concepts Two chemists each plan an investigation in which they will combine
hydrogen gas with chlorine gas to observe the chemical reactivity. The plans differ in
that one will use 25 milligrams each of hydrogen and chlorine, and the other will use
1000 times this amount, i.e., 25 grams each of hydrogen and chlorine. Can the
investigations reach similar conclusions about the reactivity of hydrogen with chlorine?
Explain.
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Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Savvas is not responsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in its original format.