SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science Unit 2: Biology 1. Match the correct cell structures with the functions. cell membrane cytoplasm Golgi body nucleus nuclear membrane vacuoles mitochondrion ribosome lysosome nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell Structure cytoskeleton chromosomes Functions Nucleus Controls all cells activities Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Cytoplasm Contains organelles and other life-supporting materials, such as sugar and water Mitochondria Supply the energy Lysosomes Digestions (break down dead organelles / bacteria) take place. Cytoskeleton Helps maintain the cell’s shape. Vacuoles Store nutrients, waste and other substances used by the cell. Rough endoplasmic reticulum A series of interconnect tubes that carry materials through the cells Nuclear membrane Protects the contents of the nucleus Chromosomes Contains the genetic information of the cell Cell membrane A protective barrier around the cell. Ribosomes The sites where proteins are made. Golgi bodies Sorts and packages proteins. 2. Fill in the blanks. anaphase cytokinesis prophasetelophase a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) interphase cytokinesis metaphase telophase anaphase interphase prophase Mitosis interphase metaphase mitosis The longest stage in the cell cycle. The cytoplasm and organelles of the cell are being divided. The chromatids line up across the centre (equator) of the cell. A nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes. The chromosomes are moving towards the poles of the cell. Chromosomes are replicated. The chromosomes thicken and the nuclear membrane starts to dissolve. The nuclear material is divided into two equal parts. Page 1 of 8 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 3. Use the following key terms to label the animal cell. centrioles Golgi body lysosomes mitochondria nucleolus nuclear membrane ribosomes cell membrane rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleus vesicles cell membrane mitochondria lysosome smooth endoplasmic reticulum nuclear membrane nucleolus nucleus Golgi body rough endoplasmic reticulum centriole ribosome 4. Label the diagram below. anaphase, cytokinesis, metaphase, prophase, telophase Prophase Late Interphase Prometaphase 2 daughter cells Metaphase Telophase Anaphase Cytokinesis Page 2 of 8 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 5. The process in which substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are equally distributed is called diffusion. 6. The process in which water molecules move from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration is called osmosis. 7. Use proper terminology to explain what would happen to the cell if an animal cell is placed in a: a) hypotonic solution Water concentration outside the cell is greater than that inside the cell, so the water moves inside the cell. This may cause the cell to burst, known as lysis. b) isotonic solution Water concentration inside the cell equal the water concentration outside the cell, so equal amounts of water move in and out of the cell. c) hypertonic solution Water concentration inside the cell is greater than outside the cell, so water moves out of the cell. This may cause the cell to shrink, known as plasmolysis 8. Animal cells that can differentiate into specialized cells are called stems cells. 9. Plant cells that can differentiate into specialized cells are called meristematic cells. 10. The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function is called cell differentiation. 11. 4 main tissue types in animals are: Epithelial Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Nerve Tissue, Connective Tissue 12. 4 main tissue types in plants are: Meristematic Tissue, Epidermal / Dermal Tissue, Vascular Tissue, Ground Tissue 13. What are the products of: a) photosynthesis sugar and oxygen b) cellular respiration water and carbon dioxide 14. Name and explain 4 processes involve in transporting water from roots to stems and leaves in plants. Osmosis: high concentration of mineral helps diffusion of water into xylem Adhesion: water molecules stick to the wall of xylem vessel Cohesion: holds water molecule together Transpiration: evaporation of water through stomata from leaves creates tension that pulls water in the xylem from the root. Page 3 of 8 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 15. Label the parts of a leaf. air space phloem xylem guard cells stomata cuticle lower epidermis spongy mesophyll chloroplast mesophyll vascular bundle palisade mesophyll upper epidermis cuticle C: ___________________________ upper epidermis D: ___________________________ lower epidermis E: ___________________________ stomata F: ___________________________ guard cell G: ___________________________ mesophyll H: ___________________________ palisade mesophyll I: ___________________________ spongy mesophyll J: ___________________________ chloroplast K: ___________________________ air space L: ___________________________ vascular bundle M: ___________________________ xylem N: ___________________________ phloem O: ___________________________ 16. Match the structure with the appropriate function. chloroplast root hairs cuticle stomata epidermis guard cells palisade mesophyll phloem xylem spongy mesophyll Function Structure root hair Help absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil stomata Allows gases to move in and out of the leaf guard cell Controls the opening and closing of stomata phloem Transport sugar, dissolved nutrients, and hormones in plants epidermis The protective, outer layer of cells on the surface of a leaf spongy m. Contains air spaces and vascular bundle xylem chloroplast cuticle palisade m. Transport water and dissolved minerals from roots to stem and leaves Contain chlorophyll to captures Sunlight for photosynthesis Limit transpiration Contains most of the leaf’s chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis Page 4 of 8 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 17. Label the diagram below. anus mouth esophagus pancreas gall bladder rectum large intestine small intestine liver stomach mouth esophagus liver stomach gall bladder pancreas small intestine large intestine rectum anus 18. Match each function with the parts of digestive system using the key terms provided. anus liver esophagus pancreas gall bladder small intestine Structure goblet cells stomach large intestine Function small intestine Absorb nutrients into the bloodstream esophagus Moves the food from the mouth to the stomach anus Wastes exit the body gall bladder Stores chemicals and bile from the liver stomach Churns food and bathes it in strong acid large intestine Absorb water from undigested food pancreas Produces insulin that controls the absorption of sugar into body’s cell liver Produces bile that helps break down fats in food goblet cell Produce mucus to protect stomach from acids and digestive enzymes Page 5 of 8 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 19. Label the diagram below. aorta septum pulmonary artery pulmonary vein inferior vena cava superior vena cava right semilunar valve left semilunar valve left atrium right atrium left AV valve septum left ventricle right ventricle right AV valve superior vena cava A: _______________________________________ right atrium B: _______________________________________ N A M L K B J C I D E H F inferior vena cava C: _______________________________________ right AV valve D: _______________________________________ right semilunar valve E: _______________________________________ right ventricle F: _______________________________________ septum G: _______________________________________ left ventricle H: _______________________________________ left semilunar valve I: ________________________________________ left AV valve J: _______________________________________ left atrium K: _______________________________________ pulmonary veins L: _______________________________________ pulmonary artery M: _______________________________________ aorta N: _______________________________________ G 20. Label the following diagram using the key term provided. bronchiole diaphragm left bronchus nasal cavity nose pharynx right bronchus lung larynx trachea mouth nose 1: ____________________________________ mouth 2: ____________________________________ 12 larynx 3: ____________________________________ lung 4: ____________________________________ right bronchus 5: ____________________________________ diaphragm 6: ____________________________________ pharynx 7: ____________________________________ trachea 8: ____________________________________ left bronchus 9: ____________________________________ bronchiole 10: ___________________________________ alveoli 11: ___________________________________ nasal cavity 12: ___________________________________ Page 6 of 8 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 21. Match the function or descriptions with the structure given below. alveoli bronchiole bronchus cilia epiglottis goblet cell larynx mucus rings of cartilage trachea Structure diaphragm nasal cavity Function or Description trachea Carries air to bronchi rings of cartilage Keep trachea open to allow air to flow easily epiglottis Prevent food from entering trachea cilia Move mucus up toward throat and nose, carrying foreign particles diaphragm Contracts and relaxes to help move air in and out of lungs mucus Trap dirt, dust particles and some bacteria goblet cell Produces mucus bronchiole Carries air to alveoli in lung bronchus Carries air to lungs larynx Contains the vocal cords nasal cavity Filters, warms and moistens incoming air alveoli Gas exchange happens here 22. Use the diagram below to explain the mechanism of breathing. breathing in breathing out Chest expands Muscles move the ribs up and out Diaphragm contracts, moving down Chest contracts Muscles move the ribs down and in Diaphragm relaxes, moving up Page 7 of 8 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 23. Use the diagram below. H J I K A- ovary B- oviducts C- testes D, H- kidneys E- cloaca F, I- urinary bladder G, J- ureters K- urethra Page 8 of 8
