THE COMPUTER HARDWARE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
PRAKASHPATIL@KLETECH.AC.IN
PARTS OF COMPUTER
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Parts of Computer
KEYBOARD AND MOUSE
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
▪ The mouse is a part of a
computer which provides
the major way of
interacting with graphical
user interfaces on a
computer.
MOUSE TYPES
COMPUTER I/O PORT
COMPUTER I/O PORT
https://www.iball.co.in/Product/Technology-Accessories/TV-Tuner/External-TV-Box/CTV27/152
SERIAL PORT
▪ Serial ports transmit data sequentially
one bit at a time. So they need only one
wire to transmit 8 bits. However it also
makes them slower.
▪ Serial ports are usually 9-pin or 25-pin
male connectors.
▪ They are also known as COM
(communication) ports or RS323C ports.
PS/2 (PERSONAL SYSTEM/2) PORT
▪ The PS/2 port is a 6-pin mini-DIN
connector used for connecting
keyboards and mice to a PC
compatible computer system.
▪ The mini-DIN connectors are a
family of multi-pin electrical
connectors used in a variety of
application.
PARALLEL PORT
▪ In computing, a parallel port is a
type of interface found on early
computers
for
connecting
peripherals.
▪ The name refers to the way the
data is sent; parallel ports send
multiple bits of data at once, as
opposed to serial communication,
in which bits are sent one at a
time.
UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (OR USB) PORT
▪ It can connect all kinds of
external USB devices such
as external hard disk,
printer, scanner, mouse,
keyboard, etc.
▪ It was introduced in 1997.
▪ Most of the computers
provide two USB ports as
minimum.
▪ Data travels at 12 megabits
per seconds.
▪ USB compliant devices can
get power from a USB port.
FIREWIRE PORT
▪ Transfers large amounts of
data at a very fast speed.
▪ Connects camcorders and
video equipment to the
computer.
▪ Data travels at 400 to 800
megabits per second.
DVI – DIGITAL VIDEO INTERFACE
▪ The digital interface is used to
connect a video source, such as a
video display controller, to a
display device, such as a
computer monitor.
▪ DVI is a standard for transferring
video signals from DVI-equipped
source devices (like PCs and DVD
players) to a video display that
also has a DVI video input
connection
DVI – DIGITAL VIDEO INTERFACE
▪ The digital interface is used to
connect a video source, such as a
video display controller, to a
display device, such as a
computer monitor.
▪ DVI is a standard for transferring
video signals from DVI-equipped
source devices (like PCs and DVD
players) to a video display that
also has a DVI video input
connection
VGA – VIDEO GRAPHICS ADAPTER
▪ Video Graphics Adapter or Video
Graphics Array, VGA is a popular
display standard developed by
IBM and introduced in 1987.
▪ VGA provides 640 x 480
resolution color display screens
with a refresh rate of 60 Hz and
16 colors displayed at a time.
▪ Widely used prior to DVI, HDMI
and DisplayPort.
ETHERNET PORT
▪ Connects to a network and high
speed Internet.
▪ Connects the network cable to a
computer.
▪ This port resides on an Ethernet
Card.
▪ Data travels at 10 megabits to 1000
megabits per seconds depending
upon the network bandwidth.
MONITORS, TYPES AND DISPLAY INTERFACE PORTS
MONITORS
▪ The monitor displays the
video
and
graphics
information generated by the
computer through the video
card.
▪ Monitors are very similar to
televisions
with
high
resolution.
MONITORS DIFFERENT INTERFACES / PORTS
DIFFERENCES – VGA ,DVI, SVGA AND DP
https://www.electronicshub.org/types-of-computer-ports/
TYPES OF MONITOR
1. LCD monitor
2. LED Monitor
3. OLED Monitor
4. Plasma Monitor
5. CRT Monitor
https://digitalworld839.com/different-types-of-monitor-computer/
LCD MONITOR
1. LCD MONITOR
▪ Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) made of liquid crystals.
▪ Most used monitor worldwide.
▪ Requires less space, consumes less electricity, and produces
relatively less heat than an old CRT monitor.
▪ LCD monitors are thinner and much lighter in size and weight
than CRT monitors.
▪ Due to this, it competes with LED and OLED in the market.
HOW LCD WORKS
Polarizer:
• Cut of unwanted reflected
light
Liquid crystal (LC)
•
an intermediate state
between crystal and liquid
showing the properties of
both.
• Flow like a liquid but its
molecules may have a
specific
crystal-like
orientation.
HOW LCD WORKS
• Apply an electric charge to
untwist
liquid
crystal
molecules
• Consequently, no light can
pass through that area of
the LCD, which makes that
area darker than the
surrounding areas.
• Illumination of the pixel
generates a visible image on
the screen.
• When light pass cause the
illumination of the pixel &
generates a visible image on
the screen.
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) MONITOR
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) MONITOR
▪ Competing with LCDs and Plasma Monitors.
▪ LED types of monitors are slightly curved or flat panel displays
▪ Use light-emitting diodes for backlighting on the screen instead of cold
cathode fluorescent (CCFL) for back-lighting.
▪ LED displays are more bright with 4k resolution than other displays, due
to which the user can be read or seen easily in daylight time.
▪ LED monitors use less power than LCDs.
▪ The advantage of LEDs is that they produce images with higher
contrast and vivid colors
▪ LEDs are more durable as compared to LCD and CRT Monitors.
▪ The images displayed
on the screen are
expressed
by
a
combination of tiny
dots of color called
pixels.
▪ These
pixels
are
composed of three
subpixels; R, G, and B
(Red, Green and Blue),
and to each sub pixel
corresponds one small
electrode.
https://www.toyo-visual.com/en/products/fpdcf/fpd.html
▪ When a certain voltage is
applied
through
these
electrodes,
it
locally
changes the molecular
arrangement of the liquid
crystal and controls whether
light
is
blocked
or
transmitted through the
corresponding section.
▪ By using the liquid crystal as
a “shutter” and adjusting
the transmission of light, we
are able to expresses
various
colors
and
gradations on the screen.
https://www.toyo-visual.com/en/products/fpdcf/fpd.html
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED) MONITOR
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED) MONITOR
▪ Made of organic material (such as carbon, plastic, wood, and
polymers), that is used to convert electric current into light.
▪ Latest display technology used in displays of television,
computer screen, game consoles, PDAs, or even in the latest
smartphones.
▪ It can be thinner or lighter with a higher contrast ratio than
LCDs.
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED) MONITOR
▪ LEDs are capable enough to produce a lot of different colored
light, can be used directly to produce the correct color and
there is no need for any backlight, which saves power also
requires less space.
▪ The OLED display is considered great for watching movies.
▪ Characteristics like wide viewing angles, picture quality,
outstanding contrast levels, No ghosting, fast response, and
perfect contrast and brightness.
OLED WORKING PRINCIPLE
▪ An OLED diode is made of six
different layers with two of
them
retaining
organic
properties.
▪ When current is passed
through these diodes, these
organic layers produce light
which passes through a colour
refiner that produce picture
on the screen.
https://youtu.be/8quZrUcRFlw
https://sites.google.com/site/theoledsupersite30/the-organic-light-emitting-diode
OLED WORKING PRINCIPLE
https://www.horiba.com/int/scientific/applications/semiconductors/pages/oled-organic-light-emittingdiodes/
http://met.usc.edu/projects/oled.php
CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) MONITOR
CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) MONITOR
▪ Generally Picture tube called picture Tube
▪ CRT monitors are much heavier in size as compared to
LCD and LED monitors.
▪ Now disappeared from the market
▪ Display manufacturers switched their production lines
from CRT 4:3 displays to LCD 16:9 widescreen displays in
order to survive the transition to the digital world
widescreen television of LEDs or LCDs.
CRT- WORKING PRINCIPLE
CRT- WORKING PRINCIPLE
• A cathode-ray tube (CRT) is
a vacuum tube containing
one or more electron
guns, which
emit electron beams that
are manipulated to display
images on
a phosphorescent screen.
• CRT TVs use a beam of
electrons to create a
picture.
MODEM AND ROUTER
MODEM (MODULATOR AND DEMODULATOR )
▪ A device that allows two
computers to communicate
over telephone lines.
▪ It converts digital computer
signals into analog and
converts the analog signal
back into a digital format
WHAT ARE THE MODEM AND ROUTER?
▪ It works on the data-link layer of the
ISO-OSI reference model and
provisions the transmission of data
packets.
▪ The modem performs the modulation
and demodulation function in
between your networking devices
such as a computer or router and the
telephone line.
WHAT ARE THE MODEM AND ROUTER?
▪ The main purpose of using a modem is
that it connects the networking system
or device to the Internet service
provider (ISP) to get can get access to
the Internet only by using a modem.
▪ The connection
▪ between the modem and the
networking device is done by using RJ45
cable and
▪ between the modem and telephone line
is by using RJ11 cable.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE MODEM
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
Data Communication Equipment or DCE (better known as a modem
https://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/computer-network/explain-about-modem
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MODEM
AND A ROUTER?
https://www.earthlink.net/blog/difference-between-modem-and-router/
MODEM AND ROUTER – CONNECTION TO THE INTERNET
RJ45, stands for Registered Jack-45.
• A digital subscriber line (DSL) provides access to the internet through
telephone lines and a modem,
• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that facilitates
fast data transmission at a high bandwidth on existing copper wire
telephone .
https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/modem-vs-router/
MODEM AND ROUTER – CONNECTION TO THE
INTERNET
INSIDE THE CABINET
CASE / CHASSIS/ CABINET
▪ A computer case (also known as
the computer chassis, box or
housing) is the enclosure that
contains the main components of
a computer
MOTHERBOARD / MAINBOARD / SYSTEM BOARD
▪ The main printed circuit board in
a computer that carries the
system buses.
▪ It is equipped with sockets to
which all processors, memory
modules, plug-in cards, daughter
boards, or peripheral devices are
connected.
MOTHERBOARD / MAINBOARD / SYSTEM BOARD
CPU / PROCESSOR
▪ Central Processing Unit /
Processor.
▪ The brain of the computer - the
device capable of performing
Arithmetic and Logical operations
on data. Or for thinking.
MEMORY / RAM
▪ Abbreviation for Random Access
Memory.
▪ Operating
System
Software,
programs and data are usually
copied into RAM from a disk drive
for the central processing unit
(CPU) to have fast and direct
access when needed to perform
tasks.
DISPLAY VIDEO : GRAPHICS ADAPTER
▪ Display Adapter is an expansion
card which generates a feed of
output images to a display.
▪ It converts digital signals into
video signals.
TV / FM CARD
▪ A TV tuner card is hardware that allows analogue or
digital broadcast television signals to be received and
converted or translated for display by a computer.
SOUND CARD / AUDIO ADAPTER
▪ A sound card is an internal
computer expansion card
that facilitates the input and
output of audio signals to
and from a computer under
control
of
computer
programs.
LAN / ETHERNET ADAPTER
▪ The Ethernet card provides a
standardized way of
connecting computers
together to create a network.
HARD DISK AND FLOPPY DISK
TITLE AND CONTENT LAYOUT WITH LIST
▪ Hard disks are flat circular plates made of aluminum or glass and
coated with a magnetic material.
▪ Data are stored on their surfaces in concentric tracks. A
small electromagnet, called a magnetic head, writes a binary digit (1
or 0) by magnetizing tiny spots on the spinning disk in different
directions and reads digits by detecting the magnetization direction
of the spots
HARD DISK DRIVE
HARD DISK DRIVE
▪ A drive that reads from or
writes to separate
diskettes which the user
inserts.
▪ Information is stored on
the diskettes themselves
OPTICAL DISC DRIVE (ODD)
▪ An optical disk drive is a
storage device that uses light
or lasers to store or retrieve
information.
▪ Common types include CD or
DVD drives.
FLOPPY DISK DRIVE
▪ A drive that reads from or
writes to separate diskettes
which the user inserts.
▪ Information is stored on the
diskettes themselves