Summary of MultiSIM Circuit Files for Electronic Devices, 9th Edition by Tom Floyd Chapter 2: Circuit E02-01 E02-03a E02-03b E02-04 E02-06a E02-06b E02-06c E02-07 E02-08 E02-10 E02-11 E02-12 E02-13 F02-92a F02-92b F02-92c F02-92d F02-93a F02-93b F02-94 F02-96 F02-97 F02-98 F02-99 MultiSIM 10 VR(1) = 9.287 V VD(1) = 0.713 V VR(2) = 1.000 mV VD(2) = 9.999 V Half-wave VP = 4.3 V Half-wave VP = 99.2 V Half-wave VP = 84.2 V Half -wave VP = 49.3 V Half -wave VP = 49.3 V Full-wave VP = 24.3 V Full-wave VP = 15.7 V VL(max) = 13.470V VL(min) = 13.126 V Half-wave VP(max) = 9.09 V VP(min) = −653 mV Clipped VP(max) = 5.693 V VP(min) = −5.693 V Clipped VP(max) = 8.965 V VP(min) = −18.000 V Negative clamp VP(max) = 754 mV VP(min) = −45.5 V VR = 1.990 nV VR = 99.152 V VR = 14.027 V ID = 2.98 mA VD = 0.651 V Half-wave VP = 4.23 V Half-wave VP = −49.3 V Half-wave VP = 84.0 V PRL = 7.985 W Full-wave VP = 20.5 V Full-wave VP = −32.3 V VL(max) =53.302 V VL(min) = 52.215 V Vripple = 1.09 VPP Half-wave VP(max) = 713 mV VP(min) = −10.0 V 185 MultiSIM 11 VR(1) = 9.287 V VD(1) = 0.713 V VR(2) = 1.000 mV VD(2) = 9.999 V Half-wave VP = 4.3 V Half-wave VP = 99.2 V Half-wave VP = 84.2 V Half-wave VP = 49.3 V Half-wave VP = 49.3 V Full-wave VP = 24.3 V Full-wave VP = 15.7 V VL(max) = 13.470 V VL(min) = 13.126 V Half-wave VP(max) = 9.09 V VP(min) = −653 mV Clipped VP(max) = 5.693 V VP(min) = −5.693 V Clipped VP(max) = 8.965 V VP(min) = −18.000 V Negative clamp VP(max) = 754 mV VP(min) = -45.5 V VR = 1.990 nV VR = 99.152 V VR = 14.027 V ID = 2.98 mA VD = 0.651 V Half-wave VP = 4.23 V Half-wave VP = −49.3 V Half-wave VP = 84.0 V PRL = 7.985 W Full-wave VP = 20.5 V Full-wave VP = −32.3 V VL(max) =53.302 V VL(min) = 52.215 V Vripple = 1.09 VPP Half-wave VP(max) = 713 mV VP(min) = −10.0 V Circuit F02-103a F02-103b F02-106a F02-106b F02-106c F02-106d F02-107 F02-108 F02-110 TSE02-01 TSE02-02 TSE02-03 TSE02-04 TSP02-62 TSP02-63 TSP02-64 TSP02-65 TSP02-66 MultiSIM 10 Clipped VP(max) = 722 mV VP(min) = −722 mV VP(max) = 735 mV VP(min) = −735 mV IP(D1) = 13.3 mA IP(D1) = 13.3 mA VD = 25 V Diode is open. VD = 15 V Diode is open. VR = 2.5 V Diode is shorted. VR = 1.128 nV Diode is functioning or open. VA = 25.00 V VB = 24.274 V VC = 8.726 V VD = 8.000 V VSEC = 120 VAC VREC = 0.047 VAC VL = 59.886 VDC Voltages are correct Full-wave VP = 16.3 V VS = 120 VAC Vpri = 0 VAC Fuse is open. Bridge output is 19.2 VDC with 8.72 VPP of 120 Hz ripple. VRL = VC = 0 VDC RSURGE is open. VRL = 20.4 VDC with 1.25 VPP of 120 Hz ripple. No fault. VC1 ≈ 0 VDC VC2 > 4 VDC VD1 is unrectified 5 VP signal Diode D1 is open. VR = 3.000 V Diode is shorted. VD = 99.999 V Diode is open. VD = 32.618 Diode is open. VD =0.000 V Diode is shorted. VD = 0.668 V No fault. 186 MultiSIM 11 Clipped VP(max) = 722 mV VP(min) = −722 mV VP(max) = 735 mV VP(min) = −735 mV IP(D1) = 13.3 mA IP(D1) = 13.3 mA VD = 25 V Diode is open. VD = 15 V Diode is open. VR = 2.5 V Diode is shorted. VR = 1.128 nV Diode is functioning or open. VA = 25.00 V VB = 24.274 V VC = 8.726 V VD = 8.000 V VSEC = 119.695 VAC VREC = 0.047 VAC VL = 59.886 VDC Voltages are correct Full-wave VP = 16. 3 V VS = 120 VAC Vpri = 0 VAC Fuse is open. Bridge output is 19.2 VDC with 8.72 VPP of 120 Hz ripple. VRL = VC = 0 VDC RSURGE is open. VRL = 20.4 VDC with 1.25 VPP of 120 Hz ripple. No fault. VC1 ≈ 0 VDC VC2 > 4 VDC VD1 is unrectified 5 VP signal Diode D1 is open. VR = 3.000 V Diode is shorted. VD = 99.999 V Diode is open. VD = 32.618 Diode is open. VD =0.000 V Diode is shorted. VD = 0.668 V No fault. Circuit TSP02-67 TSP02-68 TSP02-69 TSP02-70 TSP02-71 TSP02-72 TSP02-73 TSP02-74 TSP02-75 TSP02-76 TSP02-77 TSP02-78 TSP02-79 MultiSIM 10 VD = 0.192 nV Diode is shorted. VD = 2.577 V Diode is leaky. VD = 11.999 V Diode is open. VA = 25.00 V VB = 24.273 V VC = 8.000 V VD = 8.000 V Diode D2 is shorted. VR is unrectified 60 Hz 5 VPP sine wave. Diode is shorted. VR(max) = 38.4 V VR(min) = −49.3 V Diode is leaky. VS = 120 VAC VRL = 0 VAC Diode is open. VRL is positive half-wave rectified. VP = 20.5 VAC Lower diode is open. Vpri = 120 VAC VP(min) = 60 VAC Transformer has reduced turns ratio. VRL is positive full-wave rectified. VRL(max) = 54.9 V VRL(min) ≈ 0 V Capacitor C is open. VRL is positive clipped sine wave. VP(max) = 679 mV VP(min) = −909 mV Diode is leaky. VRL is positive clipped sine wave. VP(max) = 722 mV VP(min) = −30.0 V Diode D1 is open. VRL is positive full-wave rectified. VRL(max) = 16.7 V IRL = 0 ADC Resistor RL is open. 187 MultiSIM 11 VD = 0.192 nV Diode is shorted. VD = 2.577 V Diode is leaky. VD = 11.999 V Diode is open. VA = 25.00 V VB = 24.273 V VC = 8.000 V VD = 8.000 V Diode D2 is shorted. VR is unrectified 60 Hz 5 VPP sine wave. Diode is shorted. VR(max) = 38.4 V VR(min) = −49.3 V Diode is leaky. VS = 120 VAC VRL = 0 VAC Diode is open. VRL is positive half-wave rectified. VP = 20.5 VAC Lower diode is open. Vpri = 120 VAC VP(min) = 60 VAC Transformer has reduced turns ratio. VRL is positive full-wave rectified. VRL(max) = 54.9 V VRL(min) ≈ 0 V Capacitor C is open. VRL is positive clipped sine wave. VP(max) = 679 mV VP(min) = −909 mV Diode is leaky. VRL is positive clipped sine wave. VP(max) = 722 mV VP(min) = −30.0 V Diode D1 is open. VRL is positive full-wave rectified. VRL(max) = 16.7 V IRL = 0 ADC Resistor RL is open. Chapter 3: Circuit E03-05 E03-06 E03-08 F03-70 F03-73 F03-77 TSE03-01 TSE03-02 TSE03-03 TSE03-04 TSE03-05 MultiSIM 10 ID(1) ≈ 0 A VD(1) = 4.860 V ID(2) = 0.206 A VD(2) = 5.137 V ID = 1.330 mA VR = 0.024 A VD = 11.930 V Clipped VP(max)(1) = 5.57 V VP (min)(1) = −3.78 V VP(max)(2) = 6.73 V VP (min)(1) = −15.5 V IR(1) = 0.150 A VR(1) = 4.692 V IR(2) = 0.040 A VR(2) = 5.116 V ID = 0.033 A VOUT = 12.026 VAC VOUT = 22.7 VDC Zener diode is open. Bridge output is 19.2 VDC with 8.72 VPP of 120 Hz ripple. VC = 0 VDC VOUT = 0.000 VDC RSURGE is open. Bridge output is 20.3 VDC with 2.42 VPP of 120 Hz ripple. VC = 19.9 VDC with 1.61 V of 120 Hz ripple VOUT = 15.0 VDC No fault. Transfomer secondary and fuse rating exceeded, causing secondary to open and fuse to blow. Switch J1 up: LED1 is off and LED2 is off ILED1 = 12 mADC ILED2 ≈ 0 ADC Switch J1 down: LED1 off and LED2 is on ILED1 = −12 mADC ILED2 = −10.34 mADC LED1 is shorted 188 MultiSIM 11 ID(1) ≈ 0 A VD(1) = 4.860 V ID(2) = 0.206 A VD(2) = 5.137 V ID = 1.330 mA VR = 0.024 A VD = 11.930 V Clipped VP(max)(1) = 5.57 V VP (min)(1) = −3.78 V VP(max)(2) = 6.73 V VP (min)(1) = −15.5 V IR(1) = 0.150 A VR(1) = 4.692 V IR(2) = 0.040 A VR(2) = 5.116 V ID = 0.033 A VOUT = 12.026 VAC VOUT = 22.7 VDC Zener diode is open. Bridge output is 19.2 VDC with 8.72 VPP of 120 Hz ripple. VC = 0 VDC VOUT = 0.000 VDC RSURGE is open. Bridge output is 20.4 VDC with 2.42 VPP of 120 Hz ripple. VC = 19.6 VDC with 950 mV of 120 Hz ripple VOUT = 15.0 VDC No fault. Transfomer secondary and fuse rating exceeded, causing secondary to open and fuse to blow. Switch J1 up: LED1 is off and LED2 is off ILED1 = 12 mADC ILED2 ≈ 0 ADC Switch J1 down: LED1 off and LED2 is on ILED1 = −12 mADC ILED2 = −10.34 mADC LED1 is shorted Circuit TSP03-47 TSP03-48 TSP03-49 TSP03-50 MultiSIM 10 IT ≈ 0 ADC VOUT = 8.000 VDC Zener diode is open. VC is 20.5 VDC with 11.5 V of 120 Hz ripple, so zener drops out of conduction on negative excursions. VOUT = 12.0 VDC with 9.0 V of 120 Hz negative peaks. Capacitor C is open. VC = 28.9 VDC with 521 mV of 120 Hz ripple. VOUT ≈ 0 VDC ID = 0.087 ADC Zener diode is shorted. VR = 22.340 VDC IR ≈ 0 ADC 680 Ω resistor is open. MultiSIM 11 IT ≈ 0 ADC VOUT = 8.000 VDC Zener diode is open. VC is 20.5 VDC with 11.5 VP of 120 Hz ripple, so zener drops out of conduction on negative excursions. VOUT = 12.0 VDC with 9.0 V of 120 Hz negative peaks. Capacitor C is open. VC = 28.9 VDC with 262 mVP of 120 Hz ripple. VOUT ≈ 0 VDC ID = 0.087 ADC Zener diode is shorted. VR = 22.340 VDC IR ≈ 0 ADC 680 Ω resistor is open. MultiSIM 10 IB = 1.111 mA IC = 0.099 A IE = 0.100 A VBE = 0.893 V VCB = −0.753 V VCE = 0.140 V IB = 0.217 mA IC = 9.838 mA VCE = 0.161 V Transistor is saturated, as βIB > IC (sat). IC(1) ≈ 0 A VCE(1) = 7.340 V IC(2) = 0.027 A VCE(2) = 0.152 V Transistor is switching between saturation and cutoff and LED is turning on and off as expected. IB = 0.667 mA IC = 0.032 A IE = 0.033 A VCB = 4.605 V VBE = 0.877 V VCE = 5.481 V MultiSIM 11 IB = 1.111 mA IC = 0.099 A IE = 0.100 A VBE = 0.893 V VCB = −0.753 V VCE = 0.140 V IB = 0.217 mA IC = 9.839 mA VCE = 0.161 V Transistor is saturated, as βIB > IC (sat). IC(1) ≈ 0 A VCE(1) = 7.340 V IC(2) = 0.027 A VCE(2) = 0.152 V Transistor is switching between saturation and cutoff and LED is turning on and off as expected. IB = 0.667 mA IC = 0.032 A IE = 0.033 A VCB = 4.605 V VBE = 0.877 V VCE = 5.481 V Chapter 4: Circuit E04-02 E04-04 E04-11 F04-54 F04-55a 189 Circuit F04-55b F04-56 F04-57 F04-58 F04-59 TSE04-01 TSE04-02 TSE04-03 TSE04-04 TSP04-55 TSP04-56 MultiSIM 10 VBC = −3.243 V VBE = −0.834 V VCE = −4.077 V IB = 0.024 mA IC = 1.199 mA IE = 1.221 mA VB(1) = 10.000 V VC(1) = 20.000 V VE(1) = 9.228 V VB(2) = −4.000 V VC(2) = −12.000 V VE(2) = −3.216 V VIN = 4.033 V VC = 0.222 V IB = 0.242 mA IC = 0.012 V VCE = 0.485 V Transistor is at or near saturation, as βIB > IC (sat). VB = 0.716 V VC = 5.178 V No fault. VB = 0.598 V VC = 0.022 V IC = 1.776 µA Resistor RC is open. VB = 2.957 V IB = 0.444 µA VC = 9.000 V IC = 1.776 µA Q1 collector to base open. Switch J1 open: IB ≈ 0 ADC IC = 1.776 µADC LED1 off Switch J1 closed: IB = 831.224 µADC IC = 13.261 mADC LED2 off Resistor RB is leaky. VB = 2.756 V IC = 0.048 A IE is very large. Resistor RB is shorted VRC = 14.982 V IC ≈ 0 A Resistor RC is open. 190 MultiSIM 11 VBC = −3.243 V VBE = −0.834 V VCE = −4.077 V IB = 0.024 mA IC = 1.199 mA IE = 1.221 mA VB(1) = 10.000 V VC(1) = 20.000 V VE(1) = 9.228 V VB(2) = −4.000 V VC(2) = −12.000 V VE(2) = −3.216 V VIN = 4.033 V VC = 0.222 V IB = 0.242 mA IC = 0.012 V VCE = 0.485 V Transistor is at or near saturation, as βIB > IC (sat). VB = 0.716 V VC = 5.178 V No fault. VB = 0.598 V VC = 0.022 V IC = 1.776 µA Resistor RC is open. VB = 2.957 V IB = 0.444 µA VC = 9.000 V IC = 1.776 µA Q1 collector to base open. Switch J1 open: IB ≈ 0 ADC IC = 1.776 µADC LED1 off Switch J1 closed: IB = 831.224 µADC IC = 13.261 mADC LED1 on Resistor RB is leaky. VB = 2.756 V IC = 0.048 A IE is very large. Resistor RB is shorted VRC = 14.982 V IC ≈ 0 A Resistor RC is open. Circuit TSP04-57 TSP04-58 TSP04-59 TSP04-60 TSP04-61 TSP04-62 MultiSIM 10 VCE ≈ 0 V IC = 0.021 A Q1 collector to emitter shorted. VCE = 9.99 V IC ≈ 0 A Q1 collector to emitter open. VB = 10.00 V VC = 20.00 V VE = 9.091 V IB = 0.909 mA Resistor RE is leaky. VCE ≈ 0 V IC = 5.455 mA Q1 collector to emitter shorted. VBB = 4.033 V VB = 0.050 mV Resistor RB is open. VRC = 14.982 IC ≈ 0 V Resistor RC is open. MultiSIM 11 VCE ≈ 0 V IC = 0.021 A Q1 collector to emitter shorted. VCE = 9.99 V IC ≈ 0 A Q1 collector to emitter open. VB = 10.00 V VC = 20.00 V VE = 9.091 V IB = 0.909 mA Resistor RE is leaky. VCE ≈ 0 V IC = 5.455 mA Q1 collector to emitter shorted. VBB = 4.033 V VB = 0.050 mV Resistor RB is open. VRC = 14.982 IC ≈ 0 V Resistor RC is open. MultiSIM 10 VBE = 869 mV VCE = 7.187 V IC = 39 mA VBE = 814 mV VCE = 2.775 V IC = 4.615 mA VBE = −794 mV VCE = −3.082 V IC = 2.155 mA VBE = 0.802 V VCE = 10.385 V IC = 2.884 mA VBE = 0.806 V VCE = 10.101 V IC = 3.391 mA VBE = 0.767 V VCE = 2.366 V IC = 0.763 mA VCE = 10.771 V IC = 923 µA VCE = 6.001 V IC = 5.126 mA MultiSIM 11 VBE = 869 mV VCE = 7.183 V IC = 0.039 A VBE = 0.814 V VCE = 2.775 V IC = 4.614 mA VBE = −0.794 V VCE = −3.067 V IC = 2.160 mA VBE = 0.806 V VCE = 10.105 V IC = 3.384 mA VBE = 0.824 V VCE = 8.216 V IC = 6.757 mA VBE = 0.767 V VCE = 2.376 V IC = 0.763 mA VCE = 10.770 V IC = 0.924 mA VCE = 6.000 V IC = 5.127 mA Chapter 5: Circuit E05-01 E05-02 E05-04 E05-08a E05-08b E05-10 F05-33 F05-34 191 Circuit F05-37 F05-38 F05-40 F05-41 TSE05-01 TSE05-02 TSE05-03 TSE05-04 TSE05-05 TSP05-55 TSP05-56 TSP05-57 TSP05-58 TSP05-59 TSP05-60 MultiSIM 10 MultiSIM 11 VB = 2.047 V VB = 2.045 V VC = 6.237 V VC = 6.240 V VE = 1.267 V VE = 1.265 V VB = −1.666 V VB = −1.666 V VC = −9.197 V VC = −9.198 V VE = −0.881 V VE = −0.880 V VBE = −0.846 V VBE = −0.846 V VCE = −7.182 V VCE = −7.183 V IC = 0.016 A IC = 0.016 A VBE = 0.774 V VBE = 0.775 V VCE = 1.169 V VCE = 1.150 V IC = 1.017 mA IC = 1.028 mA VB = 0.047 µV VB = 0.047 µV VC = 10.000 V VC = 9.999 V VE = 4.700 nV VE = 4.699 nV Resistor R1 is open. Resistor R1 is open. VB = 3.197 V VB = 3.196 V VC = 10.000 V VC = 9.999 V VE = 0.000 V VE = 0.000 V Q1 base to emitter is open. Q1 base to emitter is open. VB = 3.144 V VB = 3.145 V VC = 5.061 V VC = 5.062 V VE = 2.329 V VE = 2.328 V No fault. No fault. VB = 3.197 µV VB = 3.196 V VC = 10.000 V VC = 9.999 V VE = 2.635 V VE = 2.635 V Emitter resistor RE is open. Emitter resistor RE is open. VCE ≈ 0 VDC VCE ≈ 0 VDC IC = 10.001 mADC IC = 10.001 mADC Q1 collector to emitter Q1 collector to emitter shorted. shorted. VB = 0.671 mV VB = 0.671 V VC = 0.018 mV VC = 0.018 V Resistor RC is open. Resistor RC is open. VBB = 1.500 V VBB = 1.500 V VB = 0.080 mV VB = 0.080 mV Resistor RB is open. Resistor RB is open. VB = 3.664 V VB = 3.664 V IR2 = 0.000A IR2 = 0.000A Resistor R2 is open. Resistor R2 is open. VC = VE = −2.846 V VC = VE = −2.847 V Q1 collector to emitter shorted Q1 collector to emitter shorted VC = −10.000 V VC = −10.000 V VE = −2.438 V VE = −2.439 V Resistor RC is shorted. Resistor RC is shorted. VB = 2.989 V VB = 2.989 V VC = 2.999 V VC = 2.999 V Q1 emitter to base open Q1 emitter to base open 192 Chapter 6: Circuit E06-08 E06-09 E06-11 F06-51 F06-52 F06-53 F06-54 F06-57 F06-62 MultiSIM 10 VC = 5.527 VDC Vb = 26. 1 mVPP Vc = 22 mVPP DC values off, gain is OK Vb = 2.83 VPP Vc = 2.78 VPP Av = 0.98 Vb = 14.1 mVPP Vc = 934 mVPP Av = 66.2 VB = 2.570 VDC Vb = 0.100 VAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.214 VAC VB = 2.452 VDC Vb = 0.098 VAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 5.656 VAC VB = 1.593 VDC Vb = 0.100 VAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.395 VAC VB = 1.725 VDC Vb = 1.000 VAC VOUT = 0.076 VDC Vout = 0.885 VAC VC1 = 9.530 VDC VB1 = 2.486 VDC Vb1 = 0.050 VAC VE1 = 1.732 VDC VC2 = 7.984 VDC VB2 = 0.640 VDC VE2 = 2.481 VDC VOUT2 = −0.082 VDC Vout2 = 6.178 VAC Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 3.213 VAC 193 MultiSIM 11 VC = 5.527 VDC Vb = 26.1 mVPP Vc = 222 mVPP DC values off, gain is OK Vb = 2.83 VPP Vc = 2.78 VPP Av = 0.98 Vb = 14.1 mVPP Vc = 945 mVPP Av = 67.0 VB = 2.570 VDC Vb = 0.100 VAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.214 VAC VB = 2.469 VDC Vb = 0.102 VAC VOUT = 1.259 VDC Vout = 5.551 VAC VB = 1.593 VDC Vb = 0.100 VAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.395 VAC VB = 1.725 VDC Vb = 1.000 VAC VOUT = 0.076 VDC Vout = 0.885 VAC VC1 = 9.530 VDC VB1 = 2.487 VDC Vb1 = 0.050 VAC VE1 = 1.733 VDC VC2 = 7.989 VDC VB2 = 0.643 VDC VE2 = 2.484 VDC VOUT2 = −0.078 VDC Vout2 = 6.176 VAC Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 3.214 VAC Circuit TSE06-01 TSE06-02 TSE06-03 MultiSIM 10 VB(1) = 1.678 VDC VC(1) = 5.777 VDC VE(1) = 0.906 VDC Vb(1) = 0.100 mVAC Vc(1) = 5.132 mVAC Ve(1) ≈ 0 VAC VB(2) = 1.680 VDC VC(2) = 5.774 VDC VE(2) = 0.907 VDC Vb(2) = 5.132 mVAC Vc(2) = 0.832 VAC Ve(2) ≈ 0 VAC VOUT = −3.421 mVDC Vout = 0.823 VAC No fault. VB(1) = 1.678 VDC VC(1) = 5.777 VDC VE(1) = 0.906 VDC Vb(1) = 0.100 mVAC Vc(1) = 0.016 VAC Ve(1) = 0.000 VAC VB(2) = 1.678 VDC VC(2) = 5.777 VDC VE(2) = 0.906 VDC Vb(2) = 0.000 VAC Vc(2) = 0.000 VAC Ve(2) = 0.000 VAC VOUT = ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C3 is open. VB(1) = 1.678 VDC VC(1) = 5.777 VDC VE(1) = 0.906 VDC Vb(1) = 0.100 mVAC Vc(1) = 0.010 VAC Ve(1) = 0.000 VAC VB(2) = 1.678 VDC VC(2) = 5.777 VDC VE(2) = 0.906 VDC Vb(2) = 0.010 VAC Vc(2) = 0.046 VAC Ve(2) = 9.806 mVAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.046 VAC Capacitor C4 is open. 194 MultiSIM 11 VB(1) = 1.678 VDC VC(1) = 5.777 VDC VE(1) = 0.906 VDC Vb(1) = 0.100 mVAC Vc(1) = 5.133 mVAC Ve(1) ≈ 0 VAC VB(2) = 1.678 VDC VC(2) = 5.774 VDC VE(2) = 0.907 VDC Vb(2) = 5.132 mVAC Vc(2) = 0.823 VAC Ve(2) ≈ 0 VAC VOUT = −2.957 mVDC Vout = 0.823 VAC No fault. VB(1) = 1.680 VDC VC(1) = 5.777 VDC VE(1) = 0.906 VDC Vb(1) = 0.100 mVAC Vc(1) = 0.016 VAC Ve(1) ≈ 0.000 VAC VB(2) = 1.678 VDC VC(2) = 5.777 VDC VE(2) = 0.906 VDC Vb(2) = 0.000 VAC Vc(2) = 0.000 VAC Ve(2) = 0.000 VAC VOUT = ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C3 is open. VB(1) = 1.678 VDC VC(1) = 5.777 VDC VE(1) = 0.906 VDC Vb(1) = 0.100 mVAC Vc(1) = 0.010 VAC Ve(1) ≈ 0.000 VAC VB(2) = 1.678 VDC VC(2) = 5.777 VDC VE(2) = 0.906 VDC Vb(2) = 0.010 VAC Vc(2) = 0.046 VAC Ve(2) = 9.804 mVAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.046 VAC Capacitor C4 is open. Circuit TSE06-04 TSE06-05 TSP06-60 TSP06-61 TSP06-62 TSP06-63 TSP06-64 TSP06-65 MultiSIM 10 VB(1) = 1.678 VDC VC(1) = 5.777 VDC VE(1) = 0.906 VDC Vb(1) = 0.100 mVAC Vc(1) = 0.010 VAC Ve(1) = 0.000 VAC VB(2) = 1.751 VDC VC(2) = 9.991 VDC VE(2) = 0.000 VDC Vb(2) = 0.010 VAC Vc(2) = 0.000 VAC Ve(2) = 0.000 VAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.000 VAC Q2 collector to emitter open. VB ≈ 0 VDC IR1 = 1.2 mADC Capacitor C1 is shorted. VC = 11.111 VDC Vc = 0.214 VAC VOUT = 0.000 VDC Vout = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C2 is open. VE ≈ 0 VDC Ve ≈ 0 VAC IE = 0.000 ADC Ie = 3.208 AAC Capacitor C3 is shorted. VB = 1.499 VDC Vb = 0.100 VAC VC ≈ 0.000 VDC Vc = 0.598 VAC Resistor RE is leaky. VIN ≈ 0 VDC Vin = 1.000 VAC VB = 1.727 VDC Vb = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C1 is leaky. VB = 2.903 VDC Vb = 0.050 VAC VC = 8.073 VDC Vc = 0.055 VAC Capacitor C3 is open. VC(1) = 7.356 VDC Vc(1) = 2.754 VAC VB(2) = 1.508 VDC Vb(2) = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C3 is open. 195 MultiSIM 11 VB(1) = 1.678 VDC VC(1) = 5.777 VDC VE(1) = 0.906 VDC Vb(1) = 0.100 mVAC Vc(1) = 0.010 VAC Ve(1) = 0.000 VAC VB(2) = 1.751 VDC VC(2) = 9.991 VDC VE(2) = 0.000 VDC Vb(2) = 0.010 VAC Vc(2) = 0.000 VAC Ve(2) = 0.000 VAC VOUT ≈ 0 VDC Vout = 0.000 VAC Q2 collector to emitter open. VB ≈ 0 VDC IR1 = 1.2 mADC Capacitor C1 is shorted. VC = 11.111 VDC Vc = 0.214 VAC VOUT = 0.000 VDC Vout = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C2 is open. VE ≈ 0 VDC Ve ≈ 0 VAC IE = 0.000 ADC Ie = 3.208 mAAC Capacitor C3 is shorted. VB = 1.499 VDC Vb = 0.100 VAC VC ≈ 0.000 VDC Vc = 0.598 VAC Resistor RE is leaky. VIN ≈ 0 VDC Vin = 1.000 VAC VB = 1.727 VDC Vb = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C1 is leaky. VB = 2.903 VDC Vb = 0.050 VAC VC = 8.073 VDC Vc = 0.055 VAC Capacitor C3 is open. VC(1) = 7.357 VDC Vc(1) = 2.754 VAC VB(2) = 1.508 VDC Vb(2) = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C3 is open. Chapter 7: Circuit E07-03 E07-04 F07-42 F07-44 F07-45 F07-46 TSE07-01 TSE07-02 TSE07-03 TSE07-04 TSP07-39 TSP07-40 TSP07-41 TSP07-42 TSP07-43 MultiSIM 10 Vout = 37.9 VPP Vout = 13.8 VPP VCE = 6.273 VDC IC = 0.060 A Vout = 2.309 VAC for Vin = 100 mVAC Vout = 4.859 VAC for Vin = 5.0 VAC Vout = 4.839 VAC for Vin = 5.0 VAC VB = 3.407 VDC Resistor R2 is open. VB = 0.840 VDC VE ≈ 0 VDC IC2 = 0.013 ADC Capacitor C2 is shorted. VB = 1.825 VDC VE = 1.013 VDC VC = 10.441 VDC Vout = 0.736 VAC No fault. VD2 ≈ 0 VDC Vout shows significant crossover distortion D2 is shorted Vin = 0.177 VAC VB = 3.572 VDC Vb = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C1 is open. VRE2 ≈ 3.9 VDC IRE2 = 0.000 ADC RE2 is open. VB(1) = 0.703 VDC VE(1) = −2.182 VDC VC(1) = 9.000 VDC Q1 collector to emitter open. VD2 ≈ 0 VDC D2 is shorted. VOUT is a 12.7 VP positive half-wave output. Q2 drain to source open. 196 MultiSIM 11 Vout = 37.9 VPP Vout = 13.8 VPP VCE = 6.273 VDC IC = 0.060 A Vout = 2.309 VAC for Vin = 100 mVAC Vout = 4.859 VAC for Vin = 5.0 VAC Vout = 4.839 VAC for Vin = 5.0 VAC VB = 3.407 VDC Resistor R2 is open. VB = 0.840 VDC VE ≈ 0 VDC IC2 = 0.013 ADC Capacitor C2 is shorted. VB = 1.825 VDC VE = 1.013 VDC VC = 10.441 VDC Vout = 0.736 VAC No fault. VD2 ≈ 0 VDC Vout shows significant crossover distortion D2 is shorted Vin = 0.177 VAC VB = 3.572 VDC Vb = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C1 is open. VRE2 ≈ 3.9 VDC IRE2 = 0.000 ADC RE2 is open. VB(1) = 0.703 VDC VE(1) = −2.182 VDC VC(1) = 9.000 VDC Q1 collector to emitter open. VD2 ≈ 0 VDC D2 is shorted. VOUT is a 12.6 VP positive half-wave output. Q2 drain to source open. Chapter 8: Circuit E08-06 E08-09 E08-12 F08-66a F08-66b F08-66c F08-69 F08-70 F08-71 F08-72 F08-75a F08-75b F08-75c F08-76a F08-76b F08-81 TSE08-01 MultiSIM 10 ID = 8.071 mADC VD = 5.058VDC VS = 3.147 VDC VGS = −3.116 VDC ID = 4.827 mADC VD = 7.760 VDC VGS = −2.700 VDC ID = 1.282 mADC VD = 7.128 VDC VGS = −2.020 VDC ID = 1.009 mADC VGS = −0.997 VDC VDS = 6.261VDC ID = 5.018 mADC VGS = −0.497 VDC VDS = 6.138 VDC ID = 3.027 mADC VGS = 1.408 VDC VDS = −6.922 VDC ID = 2.758 mADC VGS = −0.901 VDC ID = 3.343 mADC VGS = 1.290 VDC ID = 0.853 mADC VGS = −1.187 VDC ID = 1.913 mADC VGS = −1.513 VDC ID = 8.000 mADC VDS = 4.000 VDC ID = 8.001 mADC VDS = 5.399 VDC ID = 8.000 mADC VDS = −4.520 VDC ID = 0.913 mADC VGS = 3.098 VDC ID = 5.323 mADC VGS = 4.762 VDC VDS = 10.963 VDC VGS = −0.372 VDC ID = 0.369 mADC VGS = −0.080 VDC VD = 14.629 VDC VS = 0.081 VDC No fault. 197 MultiSIM 11 ID = 8.071 mADC VD = 5.058VDC VS = 3.147 VDC VGS = −3.116 VDC ID = 4.827 mADC VD = 7.760 VDC VGS = −2.700 VDC ID = 1.282 mADC VD = 7.128 VDC VGS = −2.020 VDC ID = 1.009 mADC VGS = −0.997 VDC VDS = 6.261VDC ID = 5.018 mADC VGS = −0.497 VDC VDS = 6.138 VDC ID = 3.027 mADC VGS = 1.408 VDC VDS = −6.922 VDC ID = 2.758 mADC VGS = −0.901 VDC ID = 3.343 mADC VGS = 1.290 VDC ID = 0.852 mADC VGS = −1.187 VDC ID = 1.913 mADC VGS = −1.513 VDC ID = 8.000 mADC VDS = 4.000 VDC ID = 8.001 mADC VDS = 5.399 VDC ID = 8.000 mADC VDS = −4.520 VDC ID = 0.913 mADC VGS = 3.098 VDC ID = 5.323 mADC VGS = 4.762 VDC VDS = 10.963 VDC VGS = −0.372 VDC ID = 0.369 mADC VGS = −0.080 VDC VD = 14.629 VDC VS = 0.081 VDC No fault. Circuit TSE08-02 TSE08-03 TSE08-04 TSP08-72 TSP08-73 TSP08-74 TSP08-75 TSP08-76 TSP08-77 TSP08-78 TSP08-79 MultiSIM 10 ID = 0.000 ADC VGS = 0.000 VDC VD = 0.000 VDC VS = 0.000 VDC Resistor RD is open. ID = 1.776 µADC VGS = −1.955 VDC VD = 14.997 VDC VS = 1.975 VDC Resistor RS is open. ID = 0 ADC VGS = 0 VDC VD = 14.998 VDC VS = 0 VDC Q1 source to drain open. VG = 0.375 µVDC VD = 0.031 VDC VS = 2.547 pVDC Resistor RS is shorted. VG = 0.069 mVDC VD = 6.000 VDC VS = 0.906 VDC Resistor RD is shorted. VG = 0.000 VDC VD = −2.988 VDC VS = −1.302 VDC Resistor RG is shorted. VG = 0.019 VDC VD = 7.162 VDC VS = 1.288 VDC Resistor R1 is open. VG = 4.794 VDC VD = 11.998 VDC VS = 0.000 VDC Q1 source to drain open. VDD = 15.000 VDC VD = 0.000 VDC VG = 0.000 VDC Resistor RD is open. VD = 9.999 VDC VR2 = 0.000 VDC IR2 = 1.000 µADC Resistor R2 is shorted. VG = 0.000 VDC VD = 4.304 VDC VS = 4.304 VDC Q1 drain to source shorted. 198 MultiSIM 11 ID = 0.000 ADC VGS = 0.000 VDC VD = 0.000 VDC VS = 0.000 VDC Resistor RD is open. ID = 1.776 µADC VGS = −1.955 VDC VD = 14.997 VDC VS = 1.975 VDC Resistor RS is open. ID = 0.000 ADC VGS = 0.000 VDC VD = 14.998 VDC VS = 0.000 VDC Q1 source to drain open. VG = 0.375 µVDC VD = 0.031 VDC VS = 2.547 pVDC Resistor RS is shorted. VG = 0.069 mVDC VD = 6.000 VDC VS = 0.906 VDC Resistor RD is shorted. VG = 0.000 VDC VD = −2.988 VDC VS = −1.302 VDC Resistor RG is shorted. VG = 0.019 mVDC VD = 7.162 VDC VS = 1.288 VDC Resistor R1 is open. VG = 4.794 VDC VD = 11.998 VDC VS = 0.000 VDC Q1 source to drain open. VDD = 15.000 VDC VD = 0.000 VDC VG = 0.000 VDC Resistor RD is open. VD = 9.999 VDC VR2 = 0.000 VDC IR2 = 1.000 µADC Resistor R2 is shorted. VG = 0.000 VDC VD = 4.304 VDC VS = 4.304 VDC Q1 drain to source shorted. Circuit TSP08-80 MultiSIM 10 VG = 9.000 VDC VD = 8.352 VDC VS = 8.311 VDC Resistor R1 shorted. MultiSIM 11 VG = 9.000 VDC VD = 8.352 VDC VS = 8.311 VDC Resistor R1 shorted. MultiSIM 10 ID = 2.657 mADC VDS = 6.236 VDC Vout = 1.707 VAC VGS = −0.628 VDC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 9.114 mVAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.096 VAC ID = 2.851 mADC VGS = −2.822 VDC VDS = 4.874 VDC ID = 1.844 mADC Vin = 0.050 VAC Vout = 0.215 VAC ID = 1.019 mADC Vin = 0.050 Vrms Vout = 0.496 Vrms ID = 5.849 mADC Vin = 0.050 VAC Vout = 0.141 VAC ID = 3.475 mADC VGS = −1.136 VDC VDS = 4.377 VDC ID = 2.897 mADC VD = 17.101 VDC VG = 5.481 VDC Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID = 0.015 mADC VD = 9.000 VDC Vd = 0.048 VAC ID = 0.281 mADC Vin = 0.050 VAC Vout = 0.046 VAC ID = 6.616 mADC Vin = 0.050 VAC Vout = 0.014 VAC MultiSIM 11 ID = 2.657 mADC VDS = 6.234 VDC Vout = 1.707 VAC VGS = −0.628 VDC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 9.114 mVAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.096 VAC ID = 2.851 mADC VGS = −2.822 VDC VDS = 4.874 VDC ID = 1.844 mADC Vin = 0.050 VAC Vout = 0.215 VAC ID = 1.019 mADC Vin = 0.050 Vrms Vout = 0.496 Vrms ID = 5.849 mADC Vin = 0.050 VAC Vout = 0.141 VAC ID = 3.475 mADC VGS = −1.136 VDC VDS = 4.377 VDC ID = 2.897 mADC VD = 17.101 VDC VG = 5.481 VDC Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID = 0.015 mADC VD = 9.000 VDC Vd = Vout = 0.048 VAC ID = 0.281 mADC Vin = 0.050 VAC Vout = 0.046 VAC ID = 6.616 mADC Vin = 0.050 VAC Vout = 0.014 VAC Chapter 9: Circuit E09-08 E09-09 E09-10 F09-56 F09-57a F09-57b F09-58 F09-59 F09-60 F09-62 F09-65a F09-65b 199 Circuit TSE09-01 TSE09-02 TSE09-03 TSE09-04 TSE09-05 TSP09-54 MultiSIM 10 Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID(1) = 3.125 mADC VD(1) = 7.313 VDC VG(2) ≈ 0 VDC Vg(2) = 0.075 VAC ID(2) = 3.130 mADC Vout(2) = 0.562 VAC No fault. Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID(1) = 6.092 mADC VD(1) = 2.863 VDC VG(2) = 2.863 VDC Vg(2) = 0.433 mVAC ID(2) = 6.115 mADC Vout(2) = 0.128 mVAC Capacitor C3 is shorted. Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID(1) = 1.776 µADC VD(1) = 12.001 VDC VG(2) ≈ 0 VDC Vg(2) = 0.000 VAC ID(2) = 3.125 mADC Vout(2) = 0.000 VAC Q1 drain to source open. Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID(1) = 3.125 mADC VD(1) = 7.313 VDC VG(2) = −0.142 mVDC Vg(2) = 0.075 VAC ID(2) = 0.000 ADC Vout(2) ≈ 0 VAC Resistor RD2 is open. Switch J1 up: VG(3) ≈ 0 VDC ID(3) = 888.187 nADC VS(3) = 0 VDC Switch J1 down: VG(3) = 4.95 VDC ID(3) = 888.187 nADC VS(3) = 0 VDC Q3 drain to source open. ID = 4.800 mADC VDS = 4.801 pVDC VS = 4.800 VDC Q1 drain to source shorted. 200 MultiSIM 11 Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID(1) = 3.125 mADC VD(1) = 7.313 VDC VG(2) ≈ 0 VDC Vg(2) = 0.075 VAC ID(2) = 3.130 mADC Vout(2) = 0.562 VAC No fault. Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID(1) = 6.092 mADC VD(1) = 2.863 VDC VG(2) = 2.863 VDC Vg(2) = 0.433 mVAC ID(2) = 6.115 mADC Vout(2) = 0.128 mVAC Capacitor C3 is shorted. Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID(1) = 1.776 µADC VD(1) = 12.001 VDC VG(2) ≈ 0 VDC Vg(2) = 0.000 VAC ID(2) = 3.125 mADC Vout(2) = 0.000 VAC Q1 drain to source open. Vin = 10.000 mVAC ID(1) = 3.125 mADC VD(1) = 7.313 VDC VG(2) ≈ 0 VDC Vg(2) = 0.075 VAC ID(2) = 0.000 ADC Vout(2) ≈ 0 VAC Resistor RD2 is open. Switch J1 up: VG(3) ≈ 0 VDC ID(3) = 888.178 nADC VS(3) = 0 VDC Switch J1 down: VG(3) = 4.95 VDC ID(3) = 888.178 nADC VS(3) = 0 VDC Q3 drain to source open. ID = 4.800 mADC VDS = 4.801 pVDC VS = 4.800 VDC Q1 drain to source shorted. Circuit TSP09-55 TSP09-56 TSP09-57 TSP09-58 TSP09-59 TSP09-60 TSP09-61 TSP09-62 MultiSIM 10 Vin = 0.050 Vrms ID = 1.842 mADC Vc3 = 0.034 VAC Ic3 = 0.000 AAC Vout = 0.069 VAC Capacitor C3 is open. Vin = 0.050 VAC Vg = 0.000 VAC ID = 1.000 mADC Vout ≈ 0 VAC Capacitor C1 is open. Vin = 0.050 VAC ID = 0.013 ADC VRS ≈ 0 VDC IRS = 0.013 ADC Vout = 0.209 VAC Resistor RS is shorted. ID ≈ 0 ADC VDS = 9.000 VDC VS ≈ 0 VDC Q1 drain to source open. VR1 = 19.986 VDC IR1 = 1.998 µADC Resistor R1 is open. VRD = 24.00 VDC IRD = 2.400 µADC Resistor RD is open. Vin = 0.100 VAC VR2 = 17.916 VDC IR2 = 1.792 µADC Vout = 0.024 VAC Resistor R2 is open. Vin = 0.050 VAC ID = 0.281 mADC Vs = 0.047 VAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C2 is open. MultiSIM 11 Vin = 0.050 Vrms ID = 1.842 mADC Vc3 = 0.034 VAC Ic3 = 0.000 AAC Vout = 0.069 VAC Capacitor C3 is open. Vin = 0.050 VAC Vg = 0.000 VAC ID = 1.001 mADC Vout ≈ 0 VAC Capacitor C1 is open. Vin = 0.050 VAC ID = 0.013 ADC VRS ≈ 0 VDC IRS = 0.013 ADC Vout = 0.209 VAC Resistor RS is shorted. ID ≈ 0 ADC VDS = 9.000 VDC VS ≈ 0 VDC Q1 drain to source open. VR1 = 19.986 VDC IR1 = 1.998 µADC Resistor R1 is open. VRD = 24.00 VDC IRD = 2.400 µADC Resistor RD is open. Vin = 0.100 VAC VR2 = 17.916 VDC IR2 = 1.792 µADC Vout = 0.024 VAC Resistor R2 is open. Vin = 0.050 VAC ID = 0.281 mADC Vs = 0.047 VAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C2 is open. MultiSIM 10 fC ≈ 260 Hz fC ≈ 51 Hz fC ≈ 33 Hz fC ≈ 16 Hz fC ≈ 17 Hz fC ≈ 1.79 MHz fC(1) ≈ 3.15 kHz fC(2) ≈ 25.3 MHz MultiSIM 11 fC ≈ 260 Hz fC ≈ 51 Hz fC ≈ 33 Hz fC ≈ 16 Hz fC ≈ 17 Hz fC ≈ 1.79 MHz fC(1) ≈ 3.15 kHz fC(2) ≈ 25.3 MHz Chapter 10: Circuit E10-03 E10-05 E10-06 E10-07 E10-08 E10-11 F10-56 201 Circuit F10-57 F10-60 TSP10-45 TSP10-46 TSP10-47 TSP10-48 MultiSIM 10 fC ≈ 94 kHz fC ≈ 3.11 kHz VRC = 19.774 VDC IRC = 1.971 µADC Resistor RC is open. Vd = 0.074 VAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C2 is open. VR2 = 2.543 VDC IR2 = 0.254 µADC Resistor R2 is open. ID = 0.018 ADC VDS = 0.018 nVDC Q drain to source shorted. MultiSIM 11 fC ≈ 94 kHz fC ≈ 3.11 kHz VRC = 19.774 VDC IRC = 1.971 µADC Resistor RC is open. Vd = 0.072 VAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Capacitor C2 is open. VR2 = 2.544 VDC IR2 = 0.254 µADC Resistor R2 is open. ID = 0.018 ADC VDS = 0.018 nVDC Q drain to source shorted. MultiSIM 10 ISCR = 0.436 A Expected SCR operation Sine wave with missing piece from 90° to 180° with RPOT = 82% SCR turns off for R4 = 5.9 kΩ (slider at 59%) SCR always conducts. SCR cathode to anode shorted SCR never fires and SCR current is always 0 A. SCR cathode to anode open. VR1 = 0.013 µVDC Vout is half-wave output Resistor R1 is shorted. MultiSIM 11 ISCR = 0.436 A Expected SCR operation Sine wave with missing piece from 90° to 180° with RPOT = 82% SCR turns off for R4 = 5.9 kΩ (slider at 59%) SCR always conducts. SCR cathode to anode shorted SCR never fires and SCR current is always 0 A. SCR cathode to anode open. VR1 = 0.013 µVDC Vout is half-wave output Resistor R1 is shorted. MultiSIM 10 Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 2.228 VAC Av = 22.3 Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 9.994 VAC Av = 99.9 Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 2.300 VAC Av = 23.0 Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 9.994 VAC Av = 99.9 MultiSIM 11 Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 2.228 VAC Av = 22.3 Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 9.994 VAC Av = 99.9 Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 2.300 VAC Av = 23.0 Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 9.994 VAC Av = 99.9 Chapter 11: Circuit E11-03 E11-04 F11-53 TSP11-27 TSP11-28 TSP11-29 Chapter 12: Circuit E12-03 E12-04 E12-05 E12-07 202 Circuit E12-12 F12-63 F12-64a F12-64b F12-64c F12-64d F12-66a F12-66b F12-66c F12-66d F12-67 F12-68a F12-68b MultiSIM 10 BW(1) ≈ 90.7 mHz BW(2) ≈ 41.6 kHz Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 3.736 VAC Av = 374 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.110 VAC Av = 11.0 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 1.009 VAC Av = 101 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.478 VAC Av = 47.8 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.230 VAC Av = 23.0 Vin = 1.000 VAC Vout = 1.000 VAC Av = 1.00 Vin = 1.000 VAC Vout = 1.000 VAC Av = 1.00 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.223 VAC Av = 22.3 Vin = 1.000 VAC Vout = 9.999 VAC Av = 10.0 Vin = 1.000 VAC Iin = 0.030 mAAC If = 0.030 mAAC Vout = 9.999 VAC Av = 10.0 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 1.427 nAAC Zin = 7.01 MΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 2.082 VAC Iout = 3.958 µAAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 1.443 nAAC Zin = 6.93 MΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.323 VAC Iout = 6.689 µAAC 203 MultiSIM 11 BW(1) ≈ 90.7 mHz BW(2) ≈ 41.6 kHz Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 3.736 VAC Av = 374 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.110 VAC Av = 11.0 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 1.009 VAC Av = 101 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.478 VAC Av = 47.8 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.230 VAC Av = 23.0 Vin = 1.000 VAC Vout = 1.000 VAC Av = 1.00 Vin = 1.000 VAC Vout = 1.000 VAC Av = 1.00 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.223 VAC Av = 22.3 Vin = 1.000 VAC Vout = 9.999 VAC Av = 10.0 Vin = 1.000 VAC Iin = 0.030 mAAC If = 0.030 mAAC Vout = 9.999 VAC Av = 10.0 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 1.427 nAAC Zin = 7.01 MΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 2.082 VAC Iout = 4.004 µAAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 1.443 nAAC Zin = 6.93 MΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.323 VAC Iout = 6.688 µAAC Circuit F12-68c F12-70a F12-70b F12-70c TSE12-01 TSE12-02 TSE12-03 TSE12-04 TSE12-05 MultiSIM 10 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 1.443 nAAC Zin = 6.93 MΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.189 VAC Iout = 0.197 µAAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 1.001 µAAC Zin = 9.99 kΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.150 VAC Iout = 1.019 µAAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 0.102 µAAC Zin = 98.0 kΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.999 VAC Iout = 0.260 µAAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 0.021 mAAC Zin = 476 Ω Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.213 VAC Iout = 0.021 mAAC Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 2.228 VAC No fault. Vin = 0.047 mVAC Vout is railed Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 9.994 VAC No fault. Vin = 0.100 VAC IRi = 0.000 AAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Resistor Ri is open. Vin = 100 mVP Vout = 5.0 mVP Rf is leaky TSP12-57 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout is railed (11.882 VAC) Resistor Rf is open. TSP12-58 Vin = 10.000 mVAC IRi = 0.000 AAC Vout = 10.000 mVAC Resistor Ri is open. 204 MultiSIM 11 Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 1.443 nAAC Zin = 6.93 MΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.189 VAC Iout = 0.198 µAAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 1.001 µAAC Zin = 9.99 kΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.150 VAC Iout = 1.020 µAAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 0.102 µAAC Zin = 98.0 kΩ Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.999 VAC Iout = 0.264 µAAC Vin = 10.000 mVAC Iin = 0.021 mAAC Zin = 476 Ω Zout cannot be determined Vout = 0.213 VAC Iout = 0.021 mAAC Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 2.228 VAC No fault. Vin = 0.047 mVAC Vout is at positive rail. Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 0.100 VAC Vout = 9.994 VAC No fault. Vin = 0.100 VAC IRi = 0.000 AAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Resistor Ri is open. Vin = 100 mVP Vout = 5.0 mVP Rf is leaky Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout is at positive rail (11.807 VAC). Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 10.000 mVAC IRi = 0.000 AAC Vout = 10.000 mVAC Resistor Ri is open. Circuit TSP12-59 TSP12-60 TSP12-61 TSP12-62 TSP12-63 TSP12-64 TSP12-65 TSP12-66 TSP12-67 MultiSIM 10 Vin = 10.000 mVAC VRf = 0.100 mVAC IRf = IRi = 1.000 µAAC VRi = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.010VAC Resistor Rf is leaky. Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout is railed (11.882 VAC) VRi ≈ 0 VAC Resistor Ri is shorted. Vin = 10.000 mVAC VRf = 0.010 pVAC IRf = IRi = 0.010 mAAC Vout = 10.000 mVAC Resistor Rf is shorted. Vin = 1.000 VAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Op-amp output is open. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRf = 10.000 µAAC VRf 0.999 mVAC Vout = 0.999 mVAC Resistor Rf is leaky. Vin = 1.000 VAC VRi = 1.172 mVAC IRi = 0.012 mAAC Vout = 11.746 VAC Resistor Ri is leaky. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRi = 0.049 mAAC VRi ≈ 0 VAC Vout = 15.079 VAC Resistor Ri is shorted. Vin = 1.000 VAC V(−) = 0.000 VAC IRi = 0.000 AAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Resistor Ri is open. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRf ≈ 0 AAC VRi = 0.250 mVAC Vout = 12.079 VAC Resistor Rf is open. 205 MultiSIM 11 Vin = 10.000 mVAC VRf = 0.100 mVAC IRf = IRi = 1.000 µAAC VRi = 10.000 mVAC Vout = 0.010VAC Resistor Rf is leaky. Vin = 10.000 mVAC Vout is at positive rail (11.882 VAC). VRi ≈ 0 VAC Resistor Ri is shorted. Vin = 10.000 mVAC VRf ≈ 0 VAC IRf = IRi ≈ 0 AAC Vout = 10.000 mVAC Resistor Rf is shorted. Vin = 1.000 VAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Op-amp output is open. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRf = 10.000 µAAC VRf 0.999 mVAC Vout = 0.999 mVAC Resistor Rf is leaky. Vin = 10.000 mVAC VRi = 1.172 mVAC IRi = 0.012 mAAC Vout = 11.744 VAC Resistor Ri is leaky. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRi = 0.049 mAAC VRi ≈ 0 VAC Vout = 15.073 VAC Resistor Ri is shorted. Vin = 1.000 VAC V(−) = 0.000 VAC IRi = 0.000 AAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Resistor Ri is open. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRf ≈ 0 AAC VRi = 0.250 mVAC Vout = 12.078 VAC Resistor Rf is open. Circuit TSP12-68 TSP12-69 TSP12-70 TSP12-71 TSP12-72 MultiSIM 10 Vin = 1.000 VAC VRf = 0.067 VAC VRi = 1.000 VAC IRf = IRi = 0.667 mAAC Vout = 1.067 VAC Resistor Rf is leaky. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRf ≈ 0 AAC VRi = 5.483 mVAC Vout = 12.079 VAC Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRf = 0.100 mAAC VRf = 0.100 pVAC Vout = 0.011 µVAC Resistor Rf is shorted. Vin = 1.000 VAC V(−) = 0.000 VAC IRi = 0.000 AAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Resistor Ri is open. Vin = 10.000 mVAC VRi = 9.994 mVAC IRi = 0.121 mAAC Vout = 1.212 VAC Resistor Ri is leaky. MultiSIM 11 Vin = 1.000 VAC VRf = 0.067 VAC VRi = 1.000 VAC IRf = IRi = 0.667 mAAC Vout = 1.067 VAC Resistor Rf is leaky. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRf ≈ 0 AAC VRi = 5.483 mVAC Vout = 12.071 VAC Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 1.000 VAC IRf = 0.100 mAAC VRf = 0.100 pVAC Vout = 0.011 µVAC Resistor Rf is shorted. Vin = 1.000 VAC V(−) = 0.000 VAC IRi = 0.000 AAC Vout = 0.000 VAC Resistor Ri is open. Vin = 10.000 mVAC VRi = 9.994 mVAC IRi = 0.121 mAAC Vout = 1.212 VAC Resistor Ri is leaky. MultiSIM 10 VLTP = +1.63 V VUTP = +1.63 V VLTP = −2.50 V VUTP = +2.50 V VUTP = −2.49 V VLTP = +2.44 V Vout = −7.71 V, +7.69 V VOUT = −12 V VOUT = −6.999 V VOUT = −2.5 V V1 = 3.000 V V2 = 2.000 V V3 = 8.000 V VOUT = −8.838 V Vout (min) = −2.50 V Vout (max) =+2.49 V Vout = 5.00 VPP ΔV/Δt = 5.00 V / 200 μs MultiSIM 11 VLTP = +1.64 V VUTP = +1.64 V VLTP = −2.47 V VUTP = +2.50 V VUTP = −2.48 V VLTP = +2.48 V Vout = −7.72 V, +7.72 V VOUT = −12 V VOUT = −6.999 V VOUT = −2.5 V V1 = 3.000 V V2 = 2.000 V V3 = 8.000 V VOUT = −8.838 V Vout (min) = −2.50 V Vout (max) =+2.50 V Vout = 5.00 VPP ΔV/Δt = 5.00 V / 200 μs Chapter 13: Circuit E13-01 E13-02 E13-03 E13-05 E13-06 E13-07 E13-08 E13-10 206 Circuit F13-61 F13-63a F13-63b F13-64 F13-65a F13-65b F13-66 F13-67 F13-68 F13-69 TSE13-01 TSE13-02 TSE13-03 TSE13-04 TSE13-05 TSE13-06 TSE13-07 TSE13-08 TSE13-09 MultiSIM 10 VLTP = −2.74 V VUTP = +2.83 V VLTP = −3.80 V VUTP = +3.88 V VLTP = −3.47 V VUTP = +3.39 V VUTP = −992 mV VLTP = +975 mV Vout = −6.14 V, +6.14 V VOUT = −2.500 V VOUT = −3.520 V VOUT = −2.800 V VOUT = −3.572 V Integrator output ΔV/Δt = −2.03 V/500 µs VOUT = 20 VPP square wave V(−) = 2.000 V VOUT is railed. Resistor R2 is shorted. VIN = 3 V, 2 V, 8 V V(−) = 6.722 V VOUT = 6.716 V Op-amp V(−) to VOUT open. Vin = 0 V to 5 V square wave Vout = −10 V Capacitor C is shorted. Vin = 5.00 VPP triangle wave Vout = 0 V Capacitor C is open. Vout(min) = −0.901 V Vout(max) = +6.91 V Diode D1 is shorted. Vin = 20.0 VPP V(−) = 0 V Resistor Ri is open. VUTP = −2.48 V VLTP = +2.45 V Vout = −7.82 V, +7.82 V No fault. Vin = 1 V, 0.5 V, 0.2 V, 0.1 V V(−) = 0.450 V Vout is railed negative. Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 1 V, 0.5 V, 0.2 V, 0.1 V V(−) = 0.500 V Vout is railed negative Resistor R2 is shorted. 207 MultiSIM 11 VLTP = −2.80 V VUTP = +2.80 V VLTP = −3.81 V VUTP = +3.81 V VLTP = −3.32 V VUTP = +3.32 V VUTP = −994 mV VLTP = +994 mV Vout = −6.14 V, +6.14 V VOUT = −2.5 V VOUT = −3.52 V VOUT = −2.8 V VOUT = −3.572 V Integrator output ΔV/Δt = −2.03 V/500 µs VOUT = 20 VPP square wave V(−) = 2.000 V VOUT is at negative rail. Resistor R2 is shorted. VIN = 3 V, 2 V, 8 V V(−) = 6.722 V VOUT = 6.716 V Op-amp V(−) to VOUT open. Vin = 0 V to 5 V square wave Vout = −10 V Capacitor C is shorted. Vin = 5.00 VPP triangle wave Vout = 0 V Capacitor C is open. Vout(min) = −901 mV Vout(max) = +6.91 V Diode D1 is shorted. Vin = 20.0 VPP V(−) = 0 V Resistor Ri is open. VUTP = −2.42 V VLTP = +2.42 V Vout = −7.82 V, +7.82 V No fault. Vin = 1 V, 0.5 V, 0.2 V, 0.1 V V(−) = 0.450 V Vout is at negative rail. Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 1 V, 0.5 V, 0.2 V, 0.1 V V(−) = 0.500 V Vout is at negative rail. Resistor R2 is shorted. Circuit TSE13-10 TSP13-30 TSP13-31 TSP13-32 TSP13-33 TSP13-34 TSP13-35 TSP13-36 TSP13-37 TSP13-38 TSP13-39 MultiSIM 10 Vout = −5.45 V, +5.45 V V(+) = 0 VDC R1 is open. VLTP ≈ 0 V VUTP ≈ 0 V Vout = ±20 VP square wave R1 is open. VLTP ≈ 0 V VUTP ≈ 0 V Vout = ±10 VP square wave No fault. Vin = 4.000 VPP sine wave Vout = 4.000 VPP sine wave Op-amp V(+) to output short. Vout(min) = −659 mV Vout(max) = 5.643 V Diode D1 is shorted. IRIN1 = 111 nA VOUT = −1.500 V Resistor RIN1 is open. V(−) = 1 V Vout is railed negative Resistor R2 is shorted. IRf = 127 µA VOUT = −12.7 mV Resistor Rf is leaky. V(−) = 2.431 V Vout is railed negative. Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 5 VPP square wave Vour = 8.93 mVPP inverted square wave Capacitor C is leaky. Vin = 5 VPP triangle wave IC = 0 A Vout = 0 V Capacitor C is open. MultiSIM 11 Vout = −5.45 V, +5.45 V V(+) = 0 VDC R1 is open. VLTP ≈ 0 V VUTP ≈ 0 V Vout = ±20 VP square wave R1 is open. VLTP ≈ 0 V VUTP ≈ 0 V Vout = ±10 VP square wave No fault. Vin = 4.000 VPP sine wave Vout = 4.000 VPP sine wave Op-amp V(+) to output short. Vout(min) = −659 mV Vout(max) = +5.64 V Diode D1 is shorted. IRIN1 = 111 nA VOUT = −1.5 V Resistor RIN1 is open. V(−) = 1 V Vout is at negative rail. Resistor R2 is shorted. IRf = 127 µA VOUT = −12.7 mV Resistor Rf is leaky. V(−) = 2.431 V Vout is at negative rail. Resistor Rf is open. Vin = 5 VPP square wave Vour = 8.93 mVPP inverted square wave Capacitor C is leaky. Vin = 5 VPP triangle wave IC = 0 A Vout = 0 V Capacitor C is open. MultiSIM 10 VOUT = −155 mV Vin(1) = 1.003 VAC Vin (2) = 1.004 VAC Vout = 2.008 VAC VOUT = −162 mV IL = 4.66 mA IL = 1.176 mA MultiSIM 11 VOUT = −155 mV Vin(1) = 1.003 VAC Vin (2) = 1.004 VAC Vout = 2.008 VAC VOUT = −162 mV IL = 4.66 mA IL = 1.176 mA Chapter 14: Circuit E14-08 F14-53 F14-60 F14-62a F14-62b 208 Circuit TSP14-32 TSP14-33 TSP14-34 TSP14-35 TSP14-36 MultiSIM 10 Vin(1) = 10.626 VAC Vin (2) = 10.632 VAC Vout = 13.3 VAC Resistor R1 is leaky. IR1 ≈ 0 A VOUT = 0 V Resistor R1 is open. IQ ≈ 0 A VOUT is at negative rail. Resistor Rf is open. VD = 6 V IL = 6 Ma Zener diode is open. VR2 = 59.4 mV IL = 594 µA Resistor R2 is leaky. MultiSIM 11 Vin(1) = 10.626 VAC Vin (2) = 10.633 VAC Vout = 13.3 VAC Resistor R1 is leaky. IR1 ≈ 0 A VOUT = 0 V Resistor R1 is open. IQ ≈ 0 A VOUT is at negative rail. Resistor Rf is open. VD = 6 V IL = 6 Ma Zener diode is open. VR2 = 59.4 mV IL = 594 µA Resistor R2 is leaky. MultiSIM 10 fC = 7.09 kHz fC = 736 Hz fC(1) = 653 Hz fC(2) = 830 Hz BW ≈ 180 Hz fc = 7.23 kHz fC(1) = 7.13 kHz fC(2) = 7.34 kHz BW ≈ 210 Hz fC = 60.3 Hz fC = 11.2 kHz Response is Butterworth. fC = 157 kHz Response is Butterworth fC = 49.1 kHz Response is Butterworth. fC = 269 Hz Roll-off is −80 dB/decade. fC = 1.28 kHz Roll-off is −40 dB/decade fC = 159 Hz fCL = 116 Hz fCH = 218 Hz BW = 102 Hz fC = 447 Hz fCL = 403 Hz fCL = 499 Hz BW = 96 Hz MultiSIM 11 fC = 7.09 kHz fC = 736 Hz fC(1) = 653 Hz fC(2) = 830 Hz BW ≈ 180 Hz fc = 7.23 kHz fC(1) = 7.13 kHz fC(2) = 7.34 kHz BW ≈ 210 Hz fC = 60.3 Hz fC = 11.2 kHz Response is Butterworth. fC = 157 kHz Response is Butterworth fC = 49.1 kHz Response is Butterworth. fC = 269 Hz Roll-off is −80 dB/decade. fC = 1.28 kHz Roll-off is −40 dB/decade fC = 159 Hz fCL = 116 Hz fCH = 218 Hz BW = 102 Hz fC = 449 Hz fCL = 403 Hz fCL = 499 Hz BW = 96 Hz Chapter 15: Circuit E15-03 E15-06 E15-07 E15-08 F15-43a F15-43b F15-43c F15-45 F15-46 F15-47a F15-47b 209 Circuit F15-47c F15-48 TSP15-23 TSP15-24 TSP15-25 TSP15-26 TSP15-27 TSP15-28 TSP15-29 TSP15-30 TSP15-31 MultiSIM 10 fPEAK = 15.9 kHz fCL = 15872 Hz fCH = 15953 kHz BW = 81 Hz fNOTCH ≈ 1327 Hz fCL ≈ 1326 kHz fCH ≈ 1328 kHz BW = 2 Hz IR2 = 0.000 AAC VR2 = 0.432 VAC Resistor R2 is open. Vout = 11.9 VAC IR1 ≈ 0 AAC Resistor R1 is open. VCC ≈ 0 VAC ICC = 1.321 mAAC Capacitor CC is shorted. Vout(1) = 0.583 mVAC Vin(2) = 0 VAC Resistor RC is open. VRA = 0.552 VAC IRA ≈ 0 AAC Resistor RA is open. VRA ≈ 0 VAC IRA = 1.043 mAAC Resistor RB is shorted. VR1 = 0.100 VAC IR1 ≈ 0 AAC Resistor R1 is open. VC2 = 0.100 VAC IC2 ≈ 0 AAC Resistor C2 is open. VOUT (U2) = 0.175 VAC V(−) (U3) ≈ 0 VAC Resistor R4 is open. MultiSIM 11 fPEAK = 15.9 kHz fCL = 15872 Hz fCH = 15953 kHz BW = 81 Hz fNOTCH = 1.326 kHz fCL (−3 dB) = 1.307 kHz fCH (−3 dB) = 1.346 kHz BW = 390 Hz IR2 = 0.000 AAC VR2 = 0.432 VAC Resistor R2 is open. Vout = 11.9 VAC IR1 ≈ 0 AAC Resistor R1 is open. VCC ≈ 0 VAC ICC = 1.321 mAAC Capacitor CC is shorted. Vout(1) = 0.583 mVAC Vin(2) = 0 VAC Resistor RC is open. VRA = 0.552 VAC IRA ≈ 0 AAC Resistor RA is open. VRA ≈ 0 VAC IRA = 1.043 mAAC Resistor RB is shorted. VR1 = 0.100 VAC IR1 ≈ 0 AAC Resistor R1 is open. VC2 = 0.100 VAC IC2 ≈ 0 AAC Resistor C2 is open. VOUT (U2) = 0.175 VAC V(−) (U3) ≈ 0 VAC Resistor R4 is open. MultiSIM 10 Vout = 1.996 VPP τ = 630 µS f = 1.59 kHz Vout = 532 mVPP τ = 154 µS f = 6.49 kHz Vout = 1.81 VPP τ = 95 µS f = 10.5 kHz MultiSIM 11 Vout = 1.996 VPP for R = 22% τ = 630 µS f = 1.59 kHz Vout = 532 mVPP τ = 154 µS f = 6.49 kHz Vout = 1.81 VPP for R = 18% τ = 95 µS f = 10.5 kHz Chapter 16: Circuit E16-01 E16-02 F16-58 210 Circuit F16-59 F16-60a F16-60b F16-62 F16-64 TSP16-23 TSP16-24 TSP16-25 TSP16-26 TSP16-27 TSP16-28 MultiSIM 10 Vout = 535 mVPP τ = 1.447 mS f = 691 Hz Vout = 401 mVPP τ = 3.50 µS f = 286 kHz Tank circuit is loaded. Vout = 2.285 VPP τ = 16.5 µS f = 60.6 kHz Vout = 12.1 VPP τ = 655 µS f = 1.53 kHz tH = 140 µs tL = 108 µs fOSC = 4.02 kHz RDS = 0 Ω Q1 drain to source shorted. From the oscilloscope trace, C3 is open. VCE ≈ 0 VDC IQ1 = 2.557 mADC Q1 collector to emitter short. VR2 = 0.659 VDC IR2 ≈ 0 ADC Resistor R2 is open. R2 resistance out of range Resistor R2 is open. tH = 111 µs tL = 108 µs Resistor R1 is leaky. MultiSIM 11 Vout = 538 mVPP τ = 1.447 mS f = 691 Hz Vout = 402 mVPP τ = 3.50 µS f = 286 kHz Tank circuit is loaded. Vout = 2.29 VPP τ = 16.4 µS f = 61.0 kHz Vout = 13.3 VPP τ = 655 µS f = 1.53 kHz tH = 140 µs tL = 108 µs fOSC = 4.02 kHz RDS = 0 Ω Q1 drain to source shorted. From the oscilloscope trace, C3 is open. VCE ≈ 0 VDC IQ1 = 2.557 mADC Q1 collector to emitter short. VR2 = 0.659 VDC IR2 ≈ 0 ADC Resistor R2 is open. R2 resistance out of range Resistor R2 is open. tH = 111 µs tL = 108 µs Resistor R1 is leaky. MultiSIM 10 VOUT = 10.340 VDC VOUT = 10.340 VDC VOUT = 10.340 VDC VOUT = 8.506 VDC For RL at 50%: VR2 = 0.529 VDC IR2 = 0.189 ADC IQ2 ≈ 0 ADC IL = 0.188 ADC VOUT = 9.414 VDC VOUT remains constant as RL varies and load current varies. MultiSIM 11 VOUT = 10.340 VDC VOUT = 10.340 VDC VOUT = 10.340 VDC VOUT = 8.506 VDC For RL at 50%: VR2 = 0.529 VDC IR2 = 0.189 ADC IQ2 ≈ 0 ADC IL = 0.188 ADC VOUT = 9.410 VDC VOUT remains constant as RL varies and load current varies. Chapter 17: Circuit E17-03 E17-05 F17-45 F17-46 F17-47 211 Circuit F17-48 TSP17-31 TSP17-32 TSP17-33 TSP17-34 MultiSIM 10 For RL at 50%: IL =36.524 mA For RL at 0%: IL =250 mA VR3 = 2.405 VDC VOUT = 2.429 VDC Resistor R2 is leaky. VD1 = 11.988 VDC ID1 ≈ 0 ADC VOUT = 11.999 VDC Zener diode D1 is open. For RL at 0%: VR2 = 14.978 VDC IR2 = 5.349 ADC IQ2 ≈ 0 ADC IL = 5.349 ADC VOUT = 0.053 VDC Transistor Q2 terminals are open. VR1 = 24.999 VDC IR1 = 2.500 µADC IL = 2.552 µADC Resistor R1 is open. 212 MultiSIM 11 For RL at 50%: IL =36.525 mA For RL at 0%: IL =250 mA VR3 = 2.405 VDC VOUT = 2.429 VDC Resistor R2 is leaky. VD1 = 11.988 VDC ID1 ≈ 0 ADC VOUT = 11.999 VDC Zener diode D1 is open. For RL at 0%: VR2 = 14.978 VDC IR2 = 5.349 ADC IQ2 ≈ 0 ADC IL = 5.349 ADC VOUT = 0.053 VDC Transistor Q2 terminals are open. VR1 = 24.999 VDC IR1 = 2.500 µADC IL = 2.552 µADC Resistor R1 is open.