pdf-dispute-resolution-and-crisis-management-ebook compress

Ikspute ]esafutkac & Lrksks Odcdjeoect Rrah. Lgrkstkdc J. Iaokcja Rgkfkppkce Lapyrkjgt, =2=2 My0 Zkseodc‛s Maans Yrdikcj, Kcl. dci Rrah. Lgrkstkdc J. Iaokcja RUMFK\GEI DCI IK\Y]KMUYEI M[0 ZK\EODC‛\ MAAN\ Y]DIKCJ, KCL. K\MC0 ;:7-8=4-947-4<2-7 Dff ]kjgts ]eservei Ca pdrt ah tgks maan ody me repraiulei ar trdcsokttei kc dcy haro ar my oedcs, efeltrackl ar oelgdckldf, kclfuikcj pgatalapykcj, relarikcj ar my dcy kcharodtkac stardje dci retrkevdf systeo, wktgaut peroksskac kc wrktkcj hrao tge pumfksger dci dutgar. Dcy lapy ah tgks maan wktgaut tge skjcdture ah tge dutgar ks lacskierei hrao kffejdf saurle ar ks kc passesskac ah ace wga gds ca dutgarkty ta ikspase ah tge sdoe. YDMFE AH LACYECY\ Laurse Jukiefkce Rrehdle Dlncawfeijeoect Kctraiultkac kv vk vkkk kx RD]Y K0 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC \[\YEO DCI DOKLDMFE \EYYFEOECY Laclept ah Lacklt < Lacklt Dppradlg, Ygearkes dci Yypes < Laclept ah Lacklt ]esafutkac & \trdtejkes 5 Yge Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac ]esafutkac Dlt 7 Yeros ta Racier 7 Exleptkac ta tge Dppfkldtkac ah DI] 44 Kctercdtkacdf Laooerlkdf & Iaoestkl Drmktrdtkac 44 Yge Ahle ah tge Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac ]esafutkac 45 Hucltkacs dci Ikvkskacs ah tge ADI] 48 Yge Divksary Lauclkf dci Kts ]afe ]afe 47 Oeikdtkac dci Kts Rraleiures 4; ]afe ah Rdrtkes dci tgekr Laucsef =5 Laciult dci Rfdle ah Oeikdtkac =: Laciectkdfkty ah Kcharodtkac <2 Hees dci Last ah Oeikdtkac <9 Kctercdtkacdf Laooerlkdf Drmktrdtkac <9 Drmktrdtkac Djreeoect <: Laopasktkac & @urksikltkacs ah Drmktrdf Yrkmucdf <7 Laciult ah Drmktrdf Rraleeikcjs 99 Rfdle dci Fdcjudje ac Drmktrdtkac 99 Ielkskac Odnkcj my Rdcef ah Drmktrdtars 9; Dokldmfe \ettfeoect dt tge Mdrdcjdy Fevef 5= Gkstary 5= Yge Fupacj Ydjdpdodydpd 55 ]afes dci Hucltkacs ah tge Fupac 58 Laopasktkac ah tge Fupacj Ydjdpdodydpd 58 Yge Rdcjndt cj Ydjdpdjndsucia 5: Fejdf Divkle ah Fdw ac Odtters Kcvafvkcj Tuestkacs Rfdle ah \ettfkcj Iksputes Rraleiures, ]ufes dci ]ejufdtkacs k 57 5; 82 Kssudcle ah \uooacs, Gedrkcj dci Jraucis har Iksqudfkldtkac \ettfeoect Oelgdckso Laclkfkdtkac Drmktrdtkac Exelutkac ]epuikdtkac \uoodtkve Evdfudtkac 84 84 8= 8< 89 89 88 RD]Y KK0 L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY DCI YGE KCLKIECY LAOODCI \[\YEO Mdskl Laclepts Cdture ah Lrksks Odcdjeoect Yypes ah Lrksks Ialtrkce ah Lrksks Odcdjeoect Rgdses ah Lrksks Odcdjeoect Laopasktkac ah A\LR Yerrarkso Lfdsskldtkac ah Yerrarksts Yypes ah Yerrarkst Jraups Oatkvdtkacs dci Jraup Lfdsskldtkac Yerrarkst Ydltkls Odcdjkcj Gastdje \ktudtkacs :4 := := :< :< :8 :; 72 72 7= 7= 79 \tdjes ah d Gastdje Yge Gastdje Ydner \ktudtkac Gastdje Cejatkdtkacs dci Oaiefs Rrksac Gastdje \ktudtkac Rfdcckcj dci Rrepdrdtkac Rrepdrdtkac har Gastdje Gastdje \ktudtkac \ktudtkac Kopfeoectdtkac ah Oetgais har Gastdje \ktudtkac Cejatkdtkac Rraleiures Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo Mdlnjraucier Yeros ta Racier Laclepts dci Rrkclkpfes ac KL\ Odcdjeoect Lgdrdlterkstkls ah KL\ Kclkiect Laoodci dci Jecerdf \tdhh Yge KL\ Arjdckzdtkac 75 7: ;2 ;4 ;8 Rafkly \tdteoect Kopfeoectkcj Oelgdcksos Yge KL\ Hdlkfktkes 4=< 4=5 4<2 kk ;7 ;; ;; ;; 429 444 44< 44: 4=< Yrdcsher ah Laoodci, Ieoamkfkzdtkac dci Lfase Aut \uoodtkve Evdfudtkac 4<< 4<8 DCCEWE\ Dccex D ‖RCR Dccex Dccex Dccex Dccex Dccex Aperdtkacdf praleiures ac Fdmar Iksputes‟ M ‖RCR Aperdtkacdf Rraleiures ac ]dffkes dci Ieoacstrdtkacs‟ L ‖RCR Aperdtkacdf Rraleiures ac Lkvkf Iksturmdcle Odcdjeoect Aperdtkacs‟ I ‖RCR Aperdtkacdf Rraleiures ac Ieoafktkac dci Eèltoect Ariers‟ E ‖RCR Aperdtkacdf Rraleiures ac Gastdje \ktudtkacs/Mdrrkldiei \ktudtkacs‟ H ‖RCR Aperdtkacdf Rraleiures ac Maom Ygredt dci Maom Kclkiect Eoerjecly ]espacse Rraleiures‟ 4<; 49= 454 459 458 482 485 ]EHE]ECLE\ kkk LAU]\E JUKIEFKCE K. LAU]\E YKYFE0 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC DCI L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY KK. LAU]\E IE\L]KRYKAC0 Ikspute resafutkac dci lrksks odcdjeoect ks d stuiy kcvafvkcj tge ucierstdcikcj, dcdfysks dci dppfykcj mest strdtejkes kc resafvkcj iksputes dt tge efeoectdry stdje. Yge restardtkac ah kcterpersacdf refdtkacs doacj tge oeomer ah tge pdrtkes kcvafvei dre kts prkoarikdf eci. Kt dfsa lavers tgase ievatei ta trdle mdln tge arkjkc ah lackltei sktudtkacs dci gaw kt ldc me oedsurei dci prevectei kc sulg d wdy tgdt praoatkac ah d pedlehuf resafutkac ks eopgdskzei. Oareaver, tge ucierstdcikcj dci dppfkldtkac ah ncawfeije ac tge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo ds dc dppradlg kc iedfkcj wktg Lrksks Odcdjeoect were skjckldctfy hedturei. Yge laurse ks kcteciei ta dfacj ecgdcle tge stuiect‛s dwdrecess dci laopetktkvecess wktg tge pursukt ah ucierstdcikcj tge cdture ah lacklt resafutkac dci dppfykcj strdtejkl oedsures dci mest prdltkles kc tge efi ah lrksks odcdjeoect. KKK. LAU]\E ]DYKACDFE Yge laurse Ikspute ]esafutkac dci Lrksks Odcdjeoect ectdkfs d very skjckldct lactrkmutkac kc tge efi ah lrkokcafajy, resedrlg, fdw echarleoect dci pumfkl sdhety. Ygus, stuiects wkff mecet refevdct ncawfeije ac dltkvktkes kcvafvkcj ikspute resafutkac dci kiectkhy lackltkcj kssues tgeremy tredtkcj tgeo hrao melaokcj d warst ldse wgklg ody me allurrei kc tge hdokfy, warnpfdle, laoouckty dci salkety kc jecerdf. Hurtgeroare, ucierstdcikcj ac tge ikhherect prkclkpfes kv dci oetgaiafajy kc lacklt resafutkac, lredtkcj strdtejkl lrkoe prevectkac dci lrksks odcdjeoect ehharts wkff me d lactrkmutary hdltar. Yge praoatkac ah pedle dci ecsurkcj pumfkl sdhety requkres d ieep ucierstdcikcj ac gaw ta praoate lacklt resafutkac dt tge edrfy stdje. Kc tge evect ah suiiec allurrecles mraujgt dmaut my ektger cdturdf ar odc-odie lrksks, tge kopartdcle ah kctercdfkzkcj dci dppfykcj ncawfeije ac tge prkclkpfes dci praleiures kc Lrksks Odcdjeoect wkff ldpdlktdte tge fedrcers hrao mekcj dc kcstruoect ah pedle dci pumfkl sdhety ac tge huture. KX. LAU]\E AM@ELYKXE\ Dt tge eci ah tge laurse, tge stuiect sgaufi me dmfe ta0 4. Yrdle tge arkjkc arkjkc ah restardtkve restardtkve ùstkle systeo> =. Efulkidte tge laclepts, cdture dci praleiures javerckcj ikspute resafutkac> <. Dppfy tge kopfeoectkcj rufes dci rejufdtkacs 9. 5. 8. :. javerckcj tge Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac \ysteo dci Dokldmfe \ettfeoect> Kiectkhy tge mest prkclkpfes dci strdtejkes kc ikspute resafutkacs> Expfdkc tge laclept ah lrksks odcdjeoect dci kts javerckcj prkclkpfes> Dppfy tge praleiures kc gdcifkcj gastdje sktudtkac tgru d skoufdtei lrksks slecdrka. Kiectkhy tge rafe ah tge lrksks odcdjeoect uckts dci ucierstdci tge odcidte ah tge lauctry‛s dppradlg ac Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo> v R]EHDLE Lrkoe dre ds afi ds guodcnkci. Dllarikcj ta Ir. Lesdre Faomrasa kc gks ‖Rasktkvkst Ygeary‟, lrkoe ks d salkdf pgecaoecac wgklg ldccat me tredtei dci lgelnei my tge kopasktkac ah pecdfty mut tgraujg echarleoect ah kcikvkiudf oedsures. Kc tgks preokse, tge ucierstdcikcj ac lrkoe prevectkac kopfkes everymaiy‛s muskcess. Kc arier ta iedf wktg lachractkcj kssues dci lacklts wktgkc tge hdokfy, warnpfdle dci kc tge laoouckty, everyace gds ta lactrkmute ta tge jecerdf ehhart ah resafvkcj iksputes espelkdffy tgase tgdt dre oastfy dhheltei. \kopfe ucierstdcikcj ac tge raat lduse ah lacklt dci didptkcj mest prdltkles ac ikspute resafutkacs wkff lactrkmute kc tge dttdkcoect ah restarkcj pedle dci praoatkac ah pasktkve kcterpersacdf refdtkacs. Oareaver, tge ncawfeije ac lrksks odcdjeoect prkclkpfes dci praleiures ds weff ds tge ucierstdcikcj ac tge laclept ah Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo wkff me d lactrkmutkcj hdltar ta tge Lrkokcafajy stuiects mekcj dc dspkrkcj fdw echarleoect dci pumfkl sdhety prdltktkacers. Kc tge oast relect lurrklufuo har Lrkokcafajy Eiuldtkac ucier tgetge LGEI Oeoardciuo Arier Cuomer 25 serkes ah =247, sumèlt Ikspute ]esafutkac dci Lrksks Odcdjeoect wds kctraiulei harodffy kcta tge Lrkokcafajy prahesskac. Ygus, tgks maan wds lrdhtei kc lacsacdcle wktg tge hrdoewarn ah tge laurse stkpufdtei ucier tge sdki LOA. Ygks maan ks kcteciei har tge ucierjrdiudte stuiects ah Lrkokcafajy Rrajrdo, arjdckzei skopfy har dc edse kc laopregecskac dci retectkac ah ncawfeije. Ygus, tge presectdtkac presectdtkac stdrtei wktg tge tge kctraiultkac ac tge laclept ah restardtkve ùstkle servkcj ds d prefkokcdry dppradlg ta mredlg tge laclept dci purpase ah dftercdtkve ikspute resafutkac dci dokldmfe settfeoect. Ac tge atger gdci, tge laclepts, prkclkpfes dci praleiures javerckcj lrksks odcdjeoect dre presectei ta pravkie dc ucierstdcikcj ac gdcifkcj gastdje vk sktudtkacs kclfuikcj tgase dltkacs perpetudtei my terrarkst‛s dltkvktkes mekcj tge laooac guodc-kciulei lrksks oastfy allurrkcj kc tge faldfkty. Yge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo dppradlg dre suppfeoectdry kc tgks maan ta hufff tge ucierstdcikcj ac odtters pertdkckcj ta systeodtkzei praleiures dci ouftk-seltardf laarikcdtkac ehharts espelkdffy wgec kt ldffs har d wgafewkie dppradlg kc iedfkcj wktg lrksks sktudtkacs. Ya hufff tdrjet autput, pdrt ah tgeYgus, maan ks presectei vkdtge stdrtkcj wktg dc edlg eci dppradlg. fedrckcj amèltkves dci sujjestei tedlgkcj oetgaiafajy dre presectei dt tge mejkcckcj ah edlg pdrt wgkfe suoodtkve evdfudtkacs were hedturei dt tge eci ta dssess tge stuiects mest fedrckcj experkecle. vkk DLNCAZFEIJEOECY Dmave dff, ta Dfokjgty Jai tgdt pravkiei tge strecjtg dci wksiao odnkcj tgks guomfe warn d redfkty. Dff dre har Gks Jfary dci Okjgty Cdoe. Yge dutgar ks very jfdi har tge prahesskacdf jukidcle ah gks Ldreer Divkser dci d Mkj Mratger I]. ]AOOEF N. ODCZACJ dci tge suppart ah gks FEDR\ Dldieoy - Lkrlfe ah Oectars. Ge ks fknewkse kciemtei ta odcy peapfe kc tge dldieoe espelkdffy ta gks @LHL “ Kcstktute ah Lrkokcdf @ustkle dci Fdw Echarleoect Hdokfy dci ta dff tge prdltktkacers dci stuiects kc tge laoouckty ah Lrkokcafajy dci Lrkokcdf @ustkle har lactkcuausfy pdtrackzkcj dci suppartkcj aur faldf dutgars. Oareaver, gks kcspkrdtkac dfacj wktg tgks guomfe warn gds raatei hrao tge uclaciktkacdf fave dci suppart ah gks wkhe @eckfyc dci gks idujgters Od. Ldtgerkce @ec, Od. @efkdc dci Od. Hrdclksld ds weff ds gks mratger Ngdtkj, \kster Lefkcd, Cdcdy Lrkstkcd dci Ydtdy Hercdcia. LJ Iaokcja vkkk KCY]AIULYKAC ]estardtkve ùstkle ks dc dppradlg ta ùstkle kc wgklg tge respacse ta d lrkoe ks ta arjdckze d oeetkcj metweec tge vkltko dci tge ahhecier, saoetkoes wktg represectdtkves ah tge wkier laoouckty. Yge jadf ks har tgeo ta sgdre tgekr experkecle ah wgdt gdppecei, ta iksluss wga wds gdroei my tge lrkoe dci gaw, dci ta lredte d lacsecsus har wgdt tge ahhecier ldc ia ta repdkr tge gdro hrao tge ahhecse. Ygks ody kclfuie d pdyoect ah oacey jkvec hrao tge ahhecier ta tge vkltko, dpafajkes dci atger doecis, dci atger dltkacs ta laopecsdte tgase dhheltei dci ta prevect tge ahhecier hrao lduskcj huture gdro. ]estardtkve ùstkle ks d cew oaveoect kc tge efis ah vkltkoafajy dci lrkokcafajy. Dlncawfeijkcj tgdt lrkoe lduses kcùry ta peapfe dci laooucktkes, kt kcsksts tgdt ùstkle repdkr tgase kcùrkes dci tgdt tge pdrtkes me perokttei ta pdrtklkpdte kc tgdt praless. ]estardtkve ùstkle prajrdos, tgerehare, ecdmfe tge vkltko, tge ahhecier dci dhheltei oeomers ah tge laoouckty ta me ikreltfy kcvafvei kc respacikcj ta tge lrkoe. Ygey melaoe lectrdf ta tge lrkokcdf ùstkle praless, wktg \tdte dci fejdf prahesskacdfs melaokcj tge hdlkfktdtars ah d systeo tgdt dkos tge ahhecier dllauctdmkfkty, repdrdtkac ta tge vkltko dci huff pdrtklkpdtkac my tge vkltko, ahhecier dci tge laoouckty. Yge restardtkve praless ah kcvafvkcj tge dff pdrtkes ks hucidoectdf ta dlgkevkcj tge restardtkve autlaoe ah repdrdtkac ah pedle. ]estardtkve ùstkle requkres tgdt we warn ta restare tgase wga gdve meec kcùrei. Ygase oast ikreltfy kcvafvei dci dhheltei my lrkoe sgaufi gdve tge appartuckty ta pdrtklkpdte huffy kc tge respacse kh tgey wksg. Javercoect‛s rafe ks ta preserve d ùst pumfkl arier, dci tge laoouckty‛s ks ta mukfi dci odkctdkc d ùst pedle. Laopdrdtkvefy, ]estardtkve ks d vdfuei-mdsei dppradlg halusei ac ieterokckcj gdro resuftkcj hrao lrkoe, wgdt ceeis ta me iace ta repdkr tge gdro, dci wga kx ks respacskmfe har repdkrkcj tge gdro wgkfe ]etrkmutkve ks dc dppradlg halusei ac ieterokckcj wgdt fdw wds mranec, wga mrane kt, dci gaw tgey sgaufi me pucksgei. ]estardtkve vkew lrkoe ds dc dlt djdkcst dcatger persac dci tge laoouckty dci tge lactraf fkes kc tge laoouckty wgere tge laoouckty hdlkfktdtes tge restardtkve praless wgkfe ]etrkmutkve vkew lrkoe ds dc dlt djdkcst tge \tdte dci d vkafdtkac ah fdw. Yge lactraf fkes kc tge lrkokcdf ùstkle systeo dci tge laoouckty melaoes d skiefkce, represectei my tge \tdte. ]estardtkve ùstkle vkews lrkoe ds dc dllauctdmkfkty my matg kcikvkiudf dci tge salkety dci pucksgoect ks cat dc ehheltkve oedcs ah lgdcjkcj megdvkar melduse kt iksrupts laoouckty gdroacy dci jaai refdtkacsgkp. ]etrkmutkve ùstkle vkews lrkoe ds dc kcikvkiudf dlt dci kcikvkiudf respacskmkfkty dci tge ahhecier sgaufi me pucksgei kc arier ta ieter lrkoe dci lgdcje megdvkar. Ac tge atger gdci, Yrdcsharodtkve ùstkle ks d jecerdf pgkfasapgkldf strdtejy har respacikcj ta lacklts. Kt tdnes tge prkclkpfes dci prdltkles ah restardtkve ùstkle meyaci tge lrkokcdf ùstkle systeo. Kt dppfkes ta dreds sulg ds ecvkracoectdf fdw, larpardte fdw, fdmarodcdjeoect refdtkacs, lacsuoer mdcnruptly dci iemt, dci hdokfy fdw. Yrdcsharodtkve ùstkle uses d systeos dppradlg, seenkcj ta see pramfeos, ds cat acfy tge mejkcckcj ah tge lrkoe mut dfsa tge lduses ah lrkoe, dci trkes ta tredt dc ahhecse ds d trdcsharodtkve refdtkacdf dci eiuldtkacdf appartuckty har vkltkos, ahheciers dci dff atger oeomers ah tge dhheltei laoouckty. Kc tgeary, d trdcsharodtkve ùstkle oaief ldc dppfy evec metweec peapfes wktg ca prkar lactdlt. Kt ldc me seec ds d jecerdf pgkfasapgkldf strdtejy har respacikcj ta lacklts dnkc ta pedleodnkcj. Yrdcsharodtkve ùstkle ks laclercei wktg raat lduses dci laopregecskve autlaoes. Kt ks dnkc ta gedfkcj ùstkle oare tgdc atger dftercdtkves dftercdtkves ta koprksacoect. Yge dcdfajy ks tgdt ]estardtkve @ustkle dre dt pdr wktg tge laclept ah dftercdtkve ikspute resafutkac x dci dokldmfe settfeoect. Kc tgks preokse, tge ikspute resafutkac systeo ucier ].D. ;=75 ‖Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac Dlt‟ pravkies tge sdoe perspeltkve “ tge appartuckty ah pravkikcj hreeiao ah tge pdrtkes ta ielkie dt tgekr awc expecse wgkfe resafvkcj tge ikspute. Kc diiktkac, tge use ah DI] ks dc ehlkect taaf dci dc dftercdtkve praleiure har tge resafutkac ah dppraprkdte ldses wgkfe ecfkstkcj tge dltkve prkvdte seltar pdrtklkpdtkac kc tge settfeoect ah iksputes. Dcatger kopartdct okfestace kc tge ievefapoect ah restardtkve ùstkle ks tge systeo ah dokldmfy settfkcj iksputes dt tge mdrdcjdy fevef. Yge systeo ks iecei ucier tge R.I. 4527 ‖Dokldmfe \ettfeoect Dlt‟ wgklg pravkies tge purpase ah perpetudtkac dci ahlkdf relajcktkac ah tge tkoe-gacarei trdiktkac ah dokldmfy settfkcj iksputes doacj hdokfy dci mdrdcjdy oeomers dt tge mdrdcjdy fevef wktgaut ùiklkdf resaurles tgdt waufi praoate tge speeiy diokckstrdtkac ah ùstkle dci kopfeoect tge lacstktutkacdf odcidte ta preserve dci ievefap Hkfkpkca lufture dci ta strecjtgec tge hdokfy hdo kfy ds d mdskl salkdf kcstktutkac. Yge maan lactdkcs twa odàr odàr pdrts. Yge rst pdrt pravkies tge pfdtharo ac Dftercdtkve D ftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac \ysteo dci Dokldmfe \ettfeoect ds oelgdcksos ah lacklt resafutkac kcstedi ah tdnkcj pdrt kcta tge rejufdr ùstkle systeo. Kt presects tge fejdf dci praleiurdf dppradlges ac lacklt resafutkac dt tge expecse ah tge pdrtkes kcvafvei wktg tge pdrtklkpdtkac ah tge laoouckty dci atger salkdf arjdckzdtkacs. Dcatger pdrt ah tge maan ks tge dppradlg ac Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo ds hucidoectdf jukiefkces kc respacse ta lrksks odcdjeoect. Kt dkos ta praoate d uckharoei dci arjdckzei systeo dt gdcifkcj dff haros ah lrksks sktudtkacs. Ygus, tge maan ks kcteciei ta suppfeoect tge ceei ta dllaooaidte tge ievefapoectdf lgdcjes ac tge cew Lrkokcafajy Lurrklufuo dfacj wktg tge amèltkve ah kcstkffkcj tge stuiect‛s lacveckect wdy ah jrdspkcj tge mest fedrckcj experkecle kc fkce wktg tge laurse Ikspute ]esafutkac dci Lrksks Odcdjeoect. xk IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY RD]Y K IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC \[\YEO DCI DOKLDMFE \EYYFEOECY Fedrckcj Amèltkves Dt tge eci ah tgks pdrt, tge stuiects sgaufi me dmfe ta laopfy wktg tge haffawkcj0 4. Yrdle tge gkstary ah Ndtdrucjdcj Rdomdrdcjdy dci tge Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac \ysteo. =. Laopregeci tge laclepts ah dftercdtkve ikspute resafutkac dci dokldmfe settfeoect. <. Ieslrkme gaw dftercdtkve ikspute resafutkac resafutkac systeo ikhhers hrao dokldmfe settfeoect1 9. Ieslrkme tge ikhherecle metweec drmktrdtkac, drmktrdtkac, laclkfkdtkac dci repuikdtkac. 5. Iksluss tge ikhherect lacklt resafutkac strdtejkes. Yedlgkcj Oetgaiafajy 4. Felture =. Ikslusskac <. Tukzzes 9. Ardf ]elktdtkac 5. \uoodry dci Heeimdlns 4 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Rrefkokcdrkes Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac Dlt ah =229 ldoe kcta fdw har tge purpase ah praoufjdtkcj tge preslrkme praleiures dci jukiefkces har kts kopfeoectdtkac dfacj wktg tge pafkly ah tge stdte ta praoate pdrty dutacaoy kc tge resafutkac ah iksputes ar tge hreeiao ah tge pdrtkes ta odne tgekr awc drrdcjeoects ta resafve tgekr iksputes> ta eclaurdje dci dltkvefy praoate tge use ah Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac (‖DI]‟) ds dc kopartdct oedcs ta dlgkeve speeiy dci kopdrtkdf ùstkle dci ta ielfaj laurt ialnets> ta pravkie oedcs har tge use ah DI] ds dc ehlkect taaf dci dc dftercdtkve praleiure har tge resafutkac ah dppraprkdte ldses> dci ta ecfkst dltkve prkvdte seltar pdrtklkpdtkac kc tge settfeoect ah iksputes tgraujg DI]. Dppfykcj tge prkclkpfes javerckcj dftercdtkve ikspute resafutkac wkff pravkie tge appartuckty har tge pdrtkes kcvafvei kc ta settfe tge kssue kc tgekr awc expecse wktg tge suppart ah tge faldf laoouckty, dutgarktkes ah tge fdw dci respacskmfe salkdf arjdckzdtkacs wktg tge dko ah restarkcj kcterpersacdf refdtkacs tgeremy lactrkmutary ta tge pumfkl sdhety dci praoatkac ah pedle kc jecerdf. Dokldmfe settfeoect ac tge atger gdci, wds harodffy kcstktutkacdfkzei kc arier ta gefp refkeve tge laurts ah sulg ialnet lacjestkac dci tgeremy ecgdcle tge qudfkty ah ùstkle ikspecsei my tgeo. Kc tgks preokse, tge lactext ah restardtkve ùstkle gds servei ta reherecle tge amèltkve ah dokldmfy settfkcj iksputes dt tge efeoectdry fevef wktgkc tge Mdrdcjdy @ustkle systeo, prkodrkfy wktg tge amèltkve ah restarkcj persacdf refdtkacs dci kcktkdte ehhart hrao tgase tgdt dre odkcfy dhheltei. Ac tgks pdrt, tge fedrcers wkff me dmfe ta ucierstdci tge purpase dci jadf ah dftercdtkve ikspute resafutkac, dppfykcj tge praleiures tgerekc dci kiectkhy tge hdltars lactrkmutary ta tge sulless ah kts kopfeoectdtkac. Oareaver, tge fedrcers wkff me dmfe ta redfkze mdsei ac d prdltkldf exerlkse ac gaw tge oelgdckso ac settfkcj = IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY iksputes ldc me dppfkei wgkfe trdlkcj ikfkjectfy tge fkoktdtkacs ah kts dppfkldtkac. Yge Laclept ah Lacklt D lacklt ks d strujjfe metweec peapfe. Yge strujjfe ody me pgyskldf, ar metweec lackltkcj kieds. Yge wari laoes hrao Fdtkc ‖lachkcjere‟ ‖lachkcjere‟ oedcs ta laoe tajetger har d mdttfe. Lacklts ldc ektger me wktgkc ace persac, ar tgey ldc kcvafve severdf peapfe ar jraups. Lacklt ks d cdturdf iksdjreeoect drkskcj metweec twa ar oare peapfe. Kt exksts wgec tgey gdve kclaopdtkmfe jadfs dci ace ar oare mefkeve tgdt tge megdvkar ah tge atger prevects tgeo hrao tgekr awc jadf dlgkeveoect. Lacklt Ygearkes Lacklt tgearkes dre perspeltkves kc salkafajy dci salkdf psylgafajy tgdt eopgdskze d odterkdfkst kcterpretdtkac ah gkstary, ikdfeltkldf oetgai ah dcdfysks, d lrktkldf stdcle tawdri exkstkcj salkdf dci pafktkldf prajrdo ah revafutkac ar, dtdrrdcjeoects, fedst, reharo. Lacklt tgearkes irdw dttectkac ta pawer ikhherectkdfs, sulg ds lfdss lacklt, dci jecerdffy lactrdst gkstarkldffy iaokcdct kieafajkes. Kt ks tgerehare d odlra-fevef dcdfysks ah salkety. Ndrf Odrx ks tge hdtger ah tge salkdf lacklt tgeary, wgklg ks d laopacect ah tge haur odàr pdrdikjos ah salkafajy. Lertdkc lacklt tgearkes set aut ta gkjgfkjgt tge kieafajkldf dspelts kcgerect kc trdiktkacdf tgaujgt. Zgkfe odcy ah tgese perspeltkves gafi pdrdffefs, lacklt tgeary iaes cat reher ta d uckei slgaaf ah tgaujgt, dci sgaufi cat me lachusei wktg, har kcstdcle, pedle dci lacklt stuikes, ar dcy atger spelkl tgeary ah salkdf lacklt. < IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Y[RE\ Lacklt tgeary ks oast laooacfy dssalkdtei wktg Odrxkso, mut ds d redltkac ta hucltkacdfkso dci tge pasktkvkst oetgai, kt ody dfsa me dssalkdtei wktg d cuomer ah atger perspeltkves, kclfuikcj0 Lrktkldf tgeary a Heokckst tgeary0 Dc dppradlg tgdt relajckzes a a a a a a a waoec‛s pafktkldf, salkdf, dci elacaokl equdfkty ta oec. Rastoaierc tgeary0 Dc dppradlg tgdt ks lrktkldf ah oaierckso, wktg d okstrust ah jrdci tgearkes dci kieafajkes. Rast-strulturdf tgeary Rastlafackdf tgeary Tueer tgeary0 D jrawkcj maiy ah resedrlg cikcjs tgdt lgdffecjes tge geterasexudf mkds kc Zesterc salkety. Zarfi systeos tgeary ]dle-Lacklt Dppradlg0 D pakct ah vkew tgdt haluses ac kcequdfkty lacklt metweec peapfe ah ikhherect rdlkdf dci dci etgckl ldtejarkes. OAIE]C DRR]ADLG AC LACHFKLY Lgdrfes Zrkjgt Okffs (4;48“4;8=) dc Doerkldc salkafajkst, dci d prahessar ah salkafajy dt Lafuomkd Uckverskty hrao 4;98 uctkf gks iedtg kc 4;8=. Okffs wds pumfksgei wkiefy kc papufdr dci kcteffeltudf àurcdfs, dci ks reoeomerei har severdf maans sulg ds Yge Rawer Efkte, wgklg kctraiulei tgdt tero dci ieslrkmes tge refdtkacsgkps dci lfdss dffkdcles doacj tge U\ pafktkldf, okfktdry, dci elacaokl efktes> Zgkte Laffdr0 Yge Doerkldc Okiife Lfdsses, ac tge Doerkldc okiife lfdss> dci Yge \alkafajkldf Kodjkcdtkac, wgklg presects d oaief ah dcdfysks har tge kcteriepeciecle ah sumèltkve experkecles wktgkc d persac‛s mkajrdpgy, tge jecerdf salkdf strulture, dci gkstarkldf ievefapoect. 9 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY \alketkes dre iecei my kcequdfkty tgdt praiules lacklt, rdtger tgdc wgklg praiules arier dci lacsecsus. Ygks lacklt mdsei ac kcequdfkty ldc acfy me averlaoe tgraujg d hucidoectdf trdcsharodtkac ah tge exkstkcj refdtkacs kc tge salkety dci dc i ks praiultkve ah cew salkdf refdtkacs. Yge iksdivdctdjei gdve strulturdf kcterests tgdt ruc laucter ta tge stdtus qua, wgklg, acle tgey dre dssuoei, wkff fedi ta salkdf lgdcje. Ygus, tgey dre vkewei ds djects ah lgdcje rdtger tgdc amèlts ace sgaufi heef syopdtgy har. Guodc patectkdf (e.j., ldpdlkty har lredtkvkty) ks suppressei my laciktkacs ah expfaktdtkac dci appresskac, wgklg dre celessdry kc dcy salkety wktg dc ucequdf ikvkskac ah fdmar. Ygese dci atger qudfktkes ia cat celessdrkfy gdve ta me stuctei iue ta tge requkreoects ah tge sa-ldffei ‖lkvkfkzkcj praless,‟ ar ‖hucltkacdf celesskty‟0 lredtkvkty ks dltudffy dc ecjkce har elacaokl ievefapoect dci lgdcje. Laclept ah Lacklt ]esafutkac Lacklt resafutkac ks lacleptudfkzei ds tge oetgais dci pralesses kcvafvei kc hdlkfktdtkcj tge pedlehuf ecikcj ah lacklt dci retrkmutkac. Yge tero lacklt resafutkac ody dfsa me usei kcterlgdcjedmfy wktg ikspute resafutkac, wgere drmktrdtkac dci fktkjdtkac pralesses dre lrktkldffy kcvafvei. Yge tero lacklt resafutkac ody dfsa me usei kcterlgdcjedmfy wktg ikspute resafutkac, wgere drmktrdtkac dci fktkjdtkac pralesses dre lrktkldffy kcvafvei. Yge laclept ah lacklt resafutkac ldc me tgaujgt ta eclaopdss tge use ah cacvkafect reskstdcle oedsures my lackltei pdrtkes kc dc dtteopt ta praoate ehheltkve resafutkac. dtteoptkcharodtkac ta resafve jraup Laookttei lacklts my jraup dltkvefyoeomers laoouckldtkcj dmaut tgekr lackltkcj oatkves ar kieafajkes ta tge rest ah jraup (e.j., kctectkacs> redsacs har gafikcj lertdkc mefkehs) 5 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY dci my ecjdjkcj kc laffeltkve cejatkdtkac. Ikoecskacs ah resafutkac typkldffy pdrdffef tge ikoecskacs ah lacklt kc tge wdy tge lacklt ks pralessei. Lajcktkve resafutkac ks tge wdy iksputdcts ucierstdci dci vkew tge lacklt, wktg mefkehs, perspeltkves, ucierstdcikcjs dci dttktuies. Eoatkacdf resafutkac ks kc tge wdy iksputdcts heef dmaut d lacklt, tge eoatkacdf ecerjy. Megdvkardf resafutkac ks reeltkve ah gaw tge iksputdcts dlt, tgekr megdvkar. Uftkodtefy d wkie rdcje ah oetgais dci praleiures har diiresskcj lacklt exkst, kclfuikcj cejatkdtkac, oeikdtkac, oeikdtkac-drmktrdtkac, ikpfaodly, dci lredtkve pedlemukfikcj. Neccetg Ygaods dci ]dfpg Nkfodcc ievefapei ve lacklt resafutkac strdtejkes tgdt peapfe use ta gdcife lacklt, kclfuikcj dvakikcj, iehedtkcj, laopraokskcj, dllaooaidtkcj, dci laffdmardtkcj. Ygks dssuoes tgdt peapfe lgaase gaw laaperdtkve dci gaw dssertkve ta me kc d lacklt. Kt sujjests tgdt everyace gds preherrei wdys ah respacikcj ta lacklt, mut oast ah us use dff oetgais ucier vdrkaus lkrluostdcles. LACHFKLY ]E\AFUYKAC \Y]DYEJKE\ Lacklt ]esafutkac \trdtejy #40 Dvakikcj Dvakikcj ks wgec peapfe ùst kjcare ar wktgirdw hrao tge lacklt. Ygey lgaase tgks oetgai wgec tge ikslaohart ah lachractdtkac exleeis tge patectkdf rewdri ah resafutkac ah tge lacklt. Zgkfe tgks okjgt seeo edsy ta dllaooaidte har tge hdlkfktdtar, peapfe drec‛t redffy lactrkmutkcj dcytgkcj ah vdfue ta tge lacversdtkac dci ody me wktggafikcj wartgwgkfe kieds. Zgec lacklt ks dvakiei, catgkcj ks resafvei. Lacklt ]esafutkac \trdtejy #=0 Laopetkcj Laopetkcj ks usei my peapfe wga ja kcta d lacklt pfdcckcj ta wkc. Ygey‛re dssertkve dci cat laaperdtkve. 8 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Ygks oetgai ks lgdrdlterkzei my tge dssuoptkac tgdt ace skie wkcs dci everyace efse fases. Kt iaesc‛t dffaw raao har ikverse perspeltkves kcta d weff-kcharoei tatdf pklture. Laopetkcj okjgt warn kc sparts ar wdr, mut kt‛s rdrefy d jaai strdtejy har jraup pramfeo safvkcj. Lacklt ]esafutkac \trdtejy #<0 Dllaooaidtkcj Dllaooaidtkcj ks d strdtejy wgere ace pdrty jkves kc ta tge wksges ar ieodcis ah dcatger. Ygey‛re mekcj laaperdtkve mut cat dssertkve. Ygks ody dppedr ta me d jrdlkaus wdy ta jkve kc wgec ace jures aut s/ge gds meec wracj dmaut dc drjuoect. Kt‛s fess gefphuf wgec ace pdrty dllaooaidtes dcatger oerefy ta preserve gdroacy ar ta dvaki iksruptkac. Fkne dvakidcle, kt ldc resuft kc ucresafvei kssues. Yaa oulg dllaooaidtkac ldc resuft kc jraups wgere tge oast dssertkve pdrtkes laoodcieer laoodc ieer tge praless dci tdne lactraf ah oast lacversdtkacs. Lacklt ]esafutkac \trdtejy #90 Laffdmardtkcj Laffdmardtkcj ks tge oetgai usei wgec peapfe dre matg dssertkve dci laaperdtkve. D jraup ody fedrc ta dffaw edlg pdrtklkpdct ta odne d lactrkmutkac wktg tge passkmkfkty ah la-lredtkcj d sgdrei safutkac tgdt everyace ldc suppart. D jredt wdy ta laffdmardte dci averlaoe lacklt ks ta redlg aut dci taulg tgeo. Lacklt ]esafutkac \trdtejy #50 Laopraokskcj Dcatger strdtejy ks laopraokskcj , wgere pdrtklkpdcts dre pdrtkdffy dssertkve dci laaperdtkve. Yge laclept ks tgdt everyace jkves up d fkttfe mkt ah wgdt tgey wdct, dci ca ace jets everytgkcj tgey wdct. Yge perleptkac ah tge mest autlaoe wgec warnkcj my laopraokse ks tgdt wgklg ‖spfkts tge ikhherecle.‟ Laopraokse ks perlekvei ds mekcj hdkr, evec kh ca ace ks pdrtklufdrfy gdppy wktg tge cdf autlaoe. : IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY DFYE]CDYKXE IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC \[\YEO KC YGE RGKFKRRKCE\ (]epumfkl Dlt Ca. ;=75) Rafkly ah tge \tdte Yge haffawkcj stdteoects pravkies tge Rafkly ah tge \tdte ds reherecle har tge sustecdcle ah salkdf ùstkle dci praoatkac ah pedle wgkfe odnkcj kt dt tge edrfy stdje ah resafutkac.     Ya praoate pdrty dutacaoy kc tge resafutkac ah iksputes ar tge hreeiao ah tge pdrtkes ta odne tgekr awc drrdcjeoects ta resafve tgekr iksputes> Ya eclaurdje dci dltkvefy praoate tge use ah Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac (‖DI]‟) ds dc kopartdct oedcs ta dlgkeve speeiy dci dc i kopdrtkdf ùstkle dci ta ielfaj laurt ialnets> Ya pravkie oedcs har tge use ah DI] ds dc ehlkect taaf dci dc dftercdtkve praleiure har tge resafutkac ah dppraprkdte ldses> dc Ya ecfkst dltkve prkvdte seltar pdrtklkpdtkac kc tge settfeoect ah iksputes tgraujg DI]. Yeros ta Racier a a a 7 Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac “ d oedcs ta dlgkeve speeiy dci kopdrtkdf ùstkle ta ielfaj laurt ialnets. DI] Rravkier oedcs tge kcstktutkacs ar persacs dllreiktei ds oeikdtars, laclkfkdtars, drmktrdtars, ceutrdf evdfudtars ar dcy persac exerlkskcj skokfdr hucltkacs kc dcy Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac systeo. Ygks ks wktgaut preùikle ta tge rkjgts ah tge pdrtkes ta lgaase cac-dllreiktei kcikvkiudfs ta dlt ds oeikdtar, laclkfkdtar, drmktrdtar ar ceutrdf evdfudtar ah tgekr ikspute. Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac \ysteo oedcs dcy praless ar praleiure usei ta resafve d ikspute ar lactraversy, atger tgdc my diùikldtkac ah IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY a a a a a d preskikcj ùije ah d laurt ar dc ahler ah d javercoect djecly, ds iecei kc tge DI] Dlt, kc wgklg d ceutrdf tgkri persac pdrtklkpdtes ta dsskst kc tge resafutkac ah kssues, kclfuikcj drmktrdtkac, oeikdtkac, laclkfkdtkac, edrfy ceutrdf evdfudtkac, okck-trkdf ar dcy laomkcdtkac tgereah. Drmktrdtkac oedcs d vafuctdry ikspute resafutkac praless kc wgklg ace ar oare drmktrdtars, dppakctei wktg tge djreeoect ah tge pdrtkeskc ardllaridcle tgese ]ufes, resafve d ikspute my recierkcj dc dwdri. Drmktrdtkac Djreeoect oedcs dc djreeoect my tge pdrtkes ta sumokt ta drmktrdtkac dff ar lertdkc iksputes wgklg gdve drksec, ar wgklg ody drkse metweec tgeo kc respelt ah d iecei fejdf refdtkacsgkp, wgetger lactrdltudf ar cat. Dc drmktrdtkac djreeoect ody me kc tge haro ah dc drmktrdtkac lfduse kc d lactrdlt ar kc tge haro ah d sepdrdte djreeoect. Dutgectkldte oedcs ta skjc, exelute, diapt d syomaf ar eclrypt d relari kc wgafe ar kc pdrt, kcteciei ta kiectkhy tge dutgectkldtkcj pdrty dci ta diapt, dllept ar estdmfksg tge dutgectklkty ah d relari ar tero. Dwdri oedcs dcy pdrtkdf ar cdf ielkskac my dc drmktrdtar kc resafvkcj tge kssue ar lactraversy. oedcs dcy Laciectkdf Kcharodtkac kcharodtkac, refdtkve ta tge sumèlt ah oeikdtkac ar drmktrdtkac, expressfy kcteciei my tge saurle cat ta me ikslfasei, ar amtdkcei ucier lkrluostdcles tgdt waufi lredte d redsacdmfe expeltdtkac ac megdfh ah tge saurle tgdt tge kcharodtkac sgdff cat me ikslfasei. Kt sgdff kclfuie0 (d) laoouckldtkac, ardf ar wrkttec, odie kc d ikspute resafutkac praleeikcj, kclfuikcj dcy oeoardcid, cates ar warn praiult ah tge ceutrdf pdrty ar cac-pdrty pdrtklkpdct> (m) dc ardf ar wrkttec stdteoect odie ar wgklg allurs iurkcj oeikdtkac ar har purpases ah ; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY a a a a a a a a lacskierkcj, laciultkcj, pdrtklkpdtkcj, kcktkdtkcj, lactkcukcj ar relacveckcj oeikdtkac ar retdkckcj d oeikdtar> dci (l) pfedikcjs, oatkacs, odckhestdtkacs, wktcess stdteoects, reparts fei ar sumokttei kc drmktrdtkac ar har expert evdfudtkac. Laucsef oedcs d fdwyer iufy diokttei ta tge prdltkle ah fdw kc tge Rgkfkppkces dci kc jaai stdcikcj wga represects d pdrty kc dcy DI] praless. Laurt oedcs ]ejkacdf Yrkdf Laurt exlept kcsahdr ds atgerwkse iecei ucier tge Oaief Fdw. Javercoect Djecly oedcs dcy javercoectdf ectkty, ahle ar ahler, atger tgdc d laurt, tgdt ks vestei my fdw wktg qudsk-ùiklkdf pawer ar tge pawer ta resafve ar diùikldte iksputes kcvafvkcj tge javercoect, kts djeclkes dci kcstruoectdfktkes ar prkvdte persacs. Oaief Fdw oedcs tge Oaief Fdw ac Kctercdtkacdf Laooerlkdf Drmktrdtkac diaptei my tge Ucktei Cdtkacs Laooksskac ac Kctercdtkacdf Yrdie Fdw ac =4 @uce 4;75. Rraleeikcjs oedcs d ùiklkdf, diokckstrdtkve ar atger diùikldtkve praless, kclfuikcj refdtei pregedrkcj ar past gedrkcj oatkacs, lacherecles dci ikslavery. ]elari oedcs kcharodtkac wrkttec ac d tdcjkmfe oeikuo ar starei kc dc efeltrackl ar atger skokfdr oeikuo, retrkevdmfe kc d perlekvdmfe haro. ]aster oedcs d fkst ah persacs qudfkei ta pravkie DI] servkles ds ceutrdfs ar ta serve ds drmktrdtars. \pelkdf DI] ]ufes oedcs tge \pelkdf ]ufes ah Laurt ac Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac kssuei my tge \upreoe Laurt ac \epteomer 4, =22;. 42 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Exleptkac ta tge Dppfkldtkac ah tge DI] Dlt Yge pravkskacs ah tge DI] D I] Dlt sgdff cat c at dppfy ta tge resafutkac ar settfeoect ah tge haffawkcj0  fdmar iksputes laverei my Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 99=, atgerwkse ncawc ds tge ‖Fdmar Laie ah tge Rgkfkppkces, ds doeciei‟, dci kts Kopfeoectkcj ]ufes dci ]ejufdtkacs>         tge lkvkf stdtus ah persacs> tge vdfkikty ah odrrkdje> dcy jrauci har fejdf sepdrdtkac> tge ùrksikltkac ah laurts> huture fejktkoe> lrkokcdf fkdmkfkty> tgase iksputes wgklg my fdw ldccat me laopraoksei> dci iksputes reherrei ta laurt-dccexei oeikdtkac. Fkdmkfkty ah DI] Rravkiers/Rrdltktkacers Yge DI] pravkiers/prdltktkacers sgdff gdve tge sdoe lkvkf fkdmkfkty har dlts iace kc tge perharodcle ah tgekr ahlkdf iutkes ds tgdt ah pumfkl ahlers, upac d lfedr sgawkcj ah mdi hdktg, odfkle ar jrass cejfkjecle. Zgdt ks Kctercdtkacdf Laooerlkdf Drmktrdtkac1 Drmktrdtkac ks dcy drmktrdtkac wgetger ar cat diokcksterei my d perodcect drmktrdtkac kcstktutkac. Kctercdtkacdf Drmktrdtkac ks dc drmktrdtkac wgere tge pdrtkes ta dc drmktrdtkac djreeoect gdve, dt tge tkoe ah tge laclfuskac ah tgdt djreeoect, tgekr pfdles ah muskcess kc ikhherect ar ace ah tge haffawkcj pfdles ks sktudtei autskiestdtes tge Rgkfkppkces kc wgklg tge pdrtkes gdve tgekr pfdles ah muskcess wgerekc d. tge pfdle ah drmktrdtkac kh ieterokcei kc, ar 44 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY pursudct ta tge drmktrdtkac djreeoect> m. dcy pfdle wgere d sumstdctkdf pdrt ah tge amfkjdtkacs ah tge laooerlkdf refdtkacsgkp ks ta me perharoei ar tge pfdle wktg wgklg tge sumèlt odtter ah tge ikspute ks oast lfasefy lacceltei ar tge pdrtkes gdve expressfy djreei tgdt tge sumèlt odtter ah tge drmktrdtkac djreeoect refdtes ta oare tgdc ace lauctry. Har tge purpase ah Kctercdtkacdf Drmktrdtkac, tge Cew [arn Lacvectkac ks tge Ucktei Cdtkacs Lacvectkac ac tge ]elajcktkac dci Echarleoect ah Harekjc Drmktrdf Dwdris dppravei kc 4;57 dci rdtkei my tge Rgkfkppkce \ecdte ucier \ecdte ]esafutkac CA.:4. Yge haffawkcj dre kopartdct teros ta lacskier0 a a a a a 4= Cac-Lacvectkac Dwdri oedcs d harekjc drmktrdf dwdri odie kc d stdte, wgklg ks cat c at d Lacvectkac \tdte. Cac-Lacvectkac \tdte oedcs d stdte tgdt ks cat d oeomer ah tge Cew [arn Lacvectkac. Dppakctkcj Dutgarkty ds usei kc tge Oaief Fdwtge sgdff oedc tgedjreeoect persac ar ds kcstktutkac cdoei kc drmktrdtkac tge dppakctkcj dutgarkty> ar tge rejufdr drmktrdtkac kcstktutkac ucier wgase rufes tge drmktrdtkac ks djreei ta me laciultei. Zgere tge pdrtkes gdve djreei ta sumokt tgekr ikspute ta kcstktutkacdf drmktrdtkac rufes, dci ucfess tgey gdve djreei ta d ikhherect praleiure, tgey sgdff me ieeoei ta gdve djreei ta tge praleiure ucier sulg drmktrdtkac rufes har tge sefeltkac dci dppakctoect ah drmktrdtars. Kc di gal drmktrdtkac, tge iehduft dppakctoect ah dc drmktrdtar sgdff me odie my tge Cdtkacdf Rreskiect ah tge Kctejrdtei Mdr ah tge Rgkfkppkces (KMR) ar gks/ger iufy dutgarkzei represectdtkve. Drmktrdf Yrkmucdf (ucier tge Oaief Fdw) oedcs d safe drmktrdtar ar d pdcef ah drmktrdtars. Laooerlkdf Drmktrdtkac oedcs dc drmktrdtkac tgdt lavers odtters drkskcj hrao dff refdtkacsgkps IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY a a ah d laooerlkdf cdture, wgetger lactrdltudf ar cat. ]efdtkacsgkps ah d laooerlkdf cdture kclfuie, mut dre cat fkoktei ta dcy trdie trdcsdltkac har tge suppfy ar exlgdcje ah jaais ar servkles> ikstrkmutkac djreeoects> lacstrultkac ah warns> laooerlkdf represectdtkac ar djecly> hdltarkcj> fedskcj> lacsuftkcj> ecjkceerkcj> fklecskcj> kcvestoect> cdclkcj> mdcnkcj> kcsurdcle> àkct vecture dci atger haros ah kciustrkdf ar muskcess laaperdtkac> ldrrkdje ah jaais ar pdssecjers my dkr, sed, rdkf ar radi. Lacvectkac Dwdri oedcs d harekjc drmktrdf dwdri odie kc d Lacvectkac \tdte. Laurt (ucier tge Oaief Fdw) oedcs d maiy ar arjdc ah tge ùiklkdf systeo ah tge Rgkfkppkces (k.e., tge ]ejkacdf Yrkdf Laurt, Laurt ah Dppedfs dci \upreoe Laurt). Zgdt ks Iaoestkl Drmktrdtkac1 Iaoestkl Drmktrdtkac ks dc drmktrdtkac tgdt ks cat kctercdtkacdf. Yge haffawkcj dre kopartdct teros ta lacskier0 Di gal Drmktrdtkac oedcs dc drmktrdtkac a diokcksterei my dc drmktrdtar dci/ar tge pdrtkes tgeosefves. Dc drmktrdtkac diokcksterei my dc kcstktutkac sgdff me rejdriei ds dc di gal drmktrdtkac kh sulg kcstktutkac ks cat d perodcect ar rejufdr drmktrdtkac kcstktutkac kc tge Rgkfkppkces. Dppakctkcj Dutgarkty kc Di Gal Drmktrdtkac a oedcs, kc tge dmsecle ah dc djreeoect, tge Cdtkacdf Rreskiect ah tge KMR ar gks/ger iufy dutgarkzei represectdtkve. Dppakctkcj Dutgarkty Jukiefkces oedcs a tge set ah rufes dppravei ar diaptei my dc dppakctkcj dutgarkty har tge odnkcj ah d ]equest har Dppakctoect, Lgdffecje, Yerokcdtkac ah tge Odcidte ah Drmktrdtar/s dci har tdnkcj dltkac tgereac. 4< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY a a a a a a a a a a Drmktrdtkac oedcs d vafuctdry ikspute resafutkac praless kc wgklg ace ar oare drmktrdtars, dppakctei kc dllaridcle wktg tge djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes ar tgese ]ufes, resafve d ikspute my recierkcj dc dwdri. Drmktrdf Yrkmucdf oedcs d safe drmktrdtar ar d pdcef, madri ar laookttee ah drmktrdtars. Lfdkodct oedcs d persac/s wktg d lfdko djdkcst dcatger dci wga laooecle/s drmktrdtkac djdkcst tge fdtter. Laurt oedcs, ucfess atgerwkse spelkei kc tgese ]ufes, d ]ejkacdf Yrkdf Laurt. Idy oedcs ldfecidr idy. Kcstktutkacdf drmktrdtkac oedcs drmktrdtkac diokcksterei my dc ectkty, wgklg ks rejksterei ds d iaoestkl larpardtkac wktg tge \elurktkes dci Exlgdcje Laooksskac (\EL)‛ dci ecjdjei kc, doacj atgers, drmktrdtkac ah iksputes kc tge Rgkfkppkces ac d rejufdr dci perodcect mdsks. ]equest har Dppakctoect oedcs tge fetterrequest ta tge dppakctkcj dutgarkty ah ektger ar matg pdrtkes har tge dppakctoect ah drmktrdtar/s ar ah tge twa drmktrdtars rst dppakctei my tge pdrtkes har tge dppakctoect ah tge tgkri oeomer ah dc drmktrdf trkmucdf. ]epresectdtkve ks d persac iufy dutgarkzei kc wrktkcj my d pdrty ta d ikspute, wga laufi me d laucsef, d persac kc gks/ger eopfay ar dcy atger persac ah gks/ger lgakle, iufy dutgarkzei ta represect sdki pdrty kc tge drmktrdtkac praleeikcjs. ]espaciect oedcs tge persac/s djdkcst wgao tge lfdkodct laooecle/s drmktrdtkac. Zrkttec laoouckldtkac oedcs tge pfedikcj, oatkac, odckhestdtkac, catkle, arier, dwdri dci dcy atger ialuoect ar pdper sumokttei fei wktg tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ar iefkverei ta d ar pdrty. 49 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Zgdt dre tge Atger haros ah Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac1    Edrfy Ceutrdf Evdfudtkac ks dc DI] praless wgerekc pdrtkes dci tgekr fdwyers dre mraujgt tajetger edrfy kc tge pre-trkdf pgdse ta presect suoodrkes ah tgekr ldses dci ta relekve d cacmkcikcj dssessoect my dc experkeclei ceutrdf persac, wktg expertkse kc tge sumèlt odtter ar sumstdcle ah tge ikspute. Oeikdtkac-Drmktrdtkac ar Oei-Drm ks d twa-step ikspute resafutkac praless kcvafvkcj oeikdtkac dci tgec haffawei my drmktrdtkac. Okck-trkdf ks d strulturei ikspute resafutkac oetgai kc wgklg tge oerkts ah d ldse dre drjuei mehare d pdcef laoprkskcj ah seckar ielkskacodners, wktg ar wktgaut tge presecle ah d ceutrdf tgkri persac, mehare wgklg tge pdrtkes seen d cejatkdtei settfeoect. YGE AHHKLE HA] DFYE]CDYKXE IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC Yge Ahle ah Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac ks dc djecly dttdlgei ta tge Iepdrtoect ah @ustkle wgklg sgdff gdve d \elretdrkdt dci sgdff me gediei my dc Exelutkve Ikreltar, wga sgdff me dppakctei my tge Rreskiect ah tge Rgkfkppkces, tdnkcj kcta lacskierdtkac tge relaooecidtkac ah tge \elretdry ah @ustkle. Rawers ah tge ADI]   Ya dlt ds dppakctkcj dutgarkty ah oeikdtars dci drmktrdtars wgec tge pdrtkes djree kc wrktkcj tgdt kt sgdff me eopawerei ta ia sa. Ya laciult seokcdrs, syopaskd, lacherecles dci atger pumfkl dci pumfksg praleeikcjs ah sdki dltkvktkes dcihard refevdct odterkdfs/kcharodtkac tgdt waufi praoate, ievefap dci expdci tge use ah DI]. 45 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY       Ya estdmfksg dc DI] fkmrdry ar resaurle lecter wgere DI] fdws, rufes dci rejufdtkacs, ùrkspruiecle, maans, drtklfes dci atger kcharodtkac dmaut DI] kc tge Rgkfkppkces dci efsewgere ody me starei dci dllessei. Ya estdmfksg d trdkckcj prajrdos har DI] pravkiers/prdltktkacers, matg kc tge pumfkl dci prkvdte seltars> dci ta uciertdne perkaikl dci lactkcukcj trdkckcj prajrdos har drmktrdtkac dci oeikdtkac dci lgdrje hees ac pdrtklkpdcts. Kt ody ia sa kc lacùcltkac wktg ar kc laaperdtkac wktg tge KMR, prkvdte DI] arjdckzdtkacs, dci faldf dci harekjc javercoect ahles dci djeclkes dci kctercdtkacdf arjdckzdtkacs. Ya lertkhy tgase wga gdve sullesshuffy laopfetei tge rejufdr prahesskacdf trdkckcj prajrdos pravkiei my tge ADI]. Ya lgdrje hees har servkles recierei sulg ds, doacj atgers, har trdkckcj dci lertkldtkacs ah DI] pravkiers. Ya dllept iacdtkacs, jrdcts dci atger dsskstdcle hrao faldf dci harekjc saurles. Ya exerlkse sulg atger pawers ds ody me celessdry dci praper ta ldrry kcta ehhelt tge pravkskacs ah tge DI] Dlt. Hucltkacs ah tge ADI]    48 Ya praoate, ievefap dci expdci tge use ah DI] kc tge prkvdte dci pumfkl seltars tgraujg kcharodtkac, eiuldtkac dci laoouckldtkac. Ya oacktar, stuiy dci evdfudte tge use ah DI] my tge prkvdte dci pumfkl seltars har purpases ah, doacj atgers, pafkly haroufdtkac. Ya relaooeci ta Lacjress ceeihuf lgdcjes ta ievefap, strecjtgec dci stdtutary koprave DI] prdltkles kc dllaridcle wktg kctercdtkacdf prahesskacdf stdcidris. IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY    Ya odne stuikes ac dci pravkie fkcndjes har tge ievefapoect, kopfeoectdtkac, oacktarkcj dci evdfudtkac ah javercoect dci prkvdte DI] prajrdos dci selure kcharodtkac dmaut tgekr respeltkve diokckstrdtkve rufes/praleiures, pramfeos eclaucterei dci gaw tgey were resafvei. Ya laopkfe dci pumfksg d fkst ar raster ah DI] pravkiers/prdltktkacers, gdve ucierjace trdkckcj my tge ADI], wga ar my sulg trdkckcj pravkiers/kcstktutkacs relajckzei ar lertkei my tge ADI] ds perharokcj hucltkacs kc dcy DI] systeo. Yge fkst ar raster sgdff kclfuie tge diiresses, lactdlt cuomers, e-odkf diiresses, DI] servkle/s recierei (e.j. drmktrdtkac, oeikdtkac) dci experkecle kc DI] ah tge DI] pravkiers/prdltktkacers. Ya laopkfe d fkst ar raster ah harekjc ar kctercdtkacdf DI] pravkiers/prdltktkacers. Yge fkst ar raster sgdff kclfuie tge diiresses, lactdlt cuomers, e-odkf diiresses, DI] servkle/s recierei (e.j. drmktrdtkac, oeikdtkac) dci experkecle kc DI] ah tge DI] pravkiers/prdltktkacers. Ikvkskacs ah tge ADI]   Yge ADI] gds haffawkcj stdhh dci servkle ikvkskacs0 \elretdrkdt “ wgklg sgdff pravkie celessdry suppart dci ikslgdrje sulg atger hucltkacs dci iutkes ds ody me ikreltei my tge Exelutkve Ikreltar. Rumfkl Kcharodtkac dci Rraoatkac Ikvkskac “ wgklg sgdff me lgdrjei wktg tge iksseokcdtkac ah kcharodtkac, tge praoatkac ah tge kopartdcle dci pumfkl dlleptdcle ah oeikdtkac, laclkfkdtkac, drmktrdtkac laomkcdtkac tgereah dci atger DI] haros ar dsdcy d oedcs ah dlgkevkcj speeiy dci ehlkect oedcs ah resafvkcj dff iksputes dci ta gefp kc tge praoatkac, ievefapoect dci expdcskac ah 4: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY   tge use ah DI]. Yrdkckcj Ikvkskac “ wgklg sgdff me lgdrjei wktg tge haroufdtkac ah ehheltkve stdcidris har tge trdkckcj ah DI] prdltktkacers> laciult ah trdkckcjs kc dllaridcle wktg sulg stdcidris> kssudcle ah lertkldtkacs ah trdkckcj ta DI] prdltktkacers dci DI] servkle pravkiers wga gdve ucierjace tge prahesskacdf trdkckcj pravkiei my tge ADI]> dci tge laarikcdtkac ah dci tge evdfudtkac ievefapoect, kopfeoectdtkac, oacktarkcj ah javercoect dci prkvdte seltar DI] prajrdos. ]elaris dci Fkmrdry Ikvkskac “ wgklg sgdff me lgdrjei wktg tge estdmfksgoect dci odkctecdcle ah d lectrdf repasktary ah DI] fdws, rufes dci rejufdtkacs, ùrkspruiecle, maans, drtklfes, dci atger kcharodtkac dmaut DI] kc tge Rgkfkppkces dci efsewgere. YGE DIXK\A][ LAUCLKF Laopasktkac ah tge Divksary Lauclkf      Oeikdtkac prahesskac Drmktrdtkac prahesskac DI] arjdckzdtkacs KMR Dldieoe ]afe ah tge Divksary Lauclkf Yge Divksary Lauclkf ks respacskmfe ta divkse tge Exelutkve Ikreltar ac pafkly, aperdtkacdf dci atger refevdct odtters. Yge Lauclkf sgdff oeet rejufdrfy, dt fedst acle every twa (=) oactgs, ar upac ldff my tge Exelutkve Ikreltar. 47 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Yge OEIKDYKAC Rraless Oeikdtkac ks d vafuctdry praless kc wgklg d oeikdtar, sefeltei my tge iksputkcj pdrtkes, hdlkfktdtes laoouckldtkac dci cejatkdtkac, dci dssksts tge pdrtkes kc redlgkcj d vafuctdry djreeoect rejdrikcj d ikspute. Yge haffawkcj dre kopartdct teros ta lacskier0 Di gal Oeikdtkac oedcs dcy oeikdtkac atger a a a a a a a a tgdc kcstktutkacdf ar laurt-dccexei. Kcstktutkacdf Oeikdtkac oedcs dcy oeikdtkac diokcksterei my, dci laciultei ucier tge rufes ah, d oeikdtkac kcstktutkac. Laurt-Dccexei Oeikdtkac oedcs dcy oeikdtkac praless laciultei ucier tge duspkles ah tge laurt dci kc dllaridcle wktg \upreoe Laurt dppravei jukiefkces, dhter sulg laurt gds dlqukrei ùrksikltkac ah tge ikspute. Laurt-]eherrei Oeikdtkac oedcs oeikdtkac arierei my d laurt ta me laciultei kc dllaridcle wktg tge djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes wgec dc dltkac ks preodturefy laooeclei kc vkafdtkac ah sulg djreeoect. Lertkei Oeikdtar oedcs d oeikdtar lertkei my tge Ahle har DI] ds gdvkcj sullesshuffy laopfetei kts rejufdr prahesskacdf trdkckcj prajrdo. Oeikdtkac Rdrty oedcs d persac wga pdrtklkpdtes kc d oeikdtkac dci wgase lacsect ks celessdry ta resafve tge ikspute. Oeikdtar oedcs d persac wga laciults oeikdtkac. Cac-Rdrty Rdrtklkpdct oedcs d persac, atger tgdc d pdrty ar oeikdtar, wga pdrtklkpdtes kc d oeikdtkac praleeikcj ds d wktcess, resaurle persac ar expert. Har tge purpase ah oeikdtkac, kt sgdff me dppfkei vafuctdrkfy wgetger di gal ar kcstktutkacdf, atger tgdc laurt-dccexei oeikdtkac dci acfy kc iehduft ah dc 4; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes ac tge dppfkldmfe rufes. Kt sgdff dfsa dppfy ta dff ldses pecikcj mehare dc diokckstrdtkve ar qudsk-ùiklkdf djecly tgdt dre sumsequectfy djreei upac my tge pdrtkes ta me reherrei ta oeikdtkac. Kc dppfykcj dci lacstrukcj tge rufe ac oeikdtkac, lacskierdtkac oust me jkvec ac tge ceei ta praoate ldciar ah pdrtkes dci oeikdtars tgraujg laciectkdfkty ah tge oeikdtkac praless, tge pafkly ah hasterkcj praopt, elacaokldf dci dokldmfe resafutkac ah iksputes kc dllaridcle wktg prkclkpfes ah kctejrkty ah ieterokcdtkac my tge pdrtkes dci tge pafkly tgdt tge ielkskac-odnkcj dutgarkty kc tge oeikdtkac praless rests wktg tge pdrtkes. D pdrty ody petktkac d laurt mehare wgklg dc dltkac ks preodturefy mraujgt kc d odtter wgklg ks tge sumèlt ah d oeikdtkac djreeoect, kh dt fedst ace pdrty sa requests, cat fdter tgdc tge pre-trkdf lacherecle ar upac tge request ah matg pdrtkes tgeredhter, ta reher tge pdrtkes ta oeikdtkac kc dllaridcle wktg tge djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes. a \efeltkac ah d Oeikdtar Yge pdrtkes gdve tge hreeiao ta sefelt tgekr oeikdtar. Yge pdrtkes ody request tge ADI] ta pravkie tgeo wktg d fkst ar raster ar tge resuoes ah kts lertkei oeikdtars. Yge ADI] ody me requestei ta kcharo tge oeikdtar ah gks/ger sefeltkac. a ]epfdleoect ah Oeikdtar Kh tge oeikdtar sefeltei ks ucdmfe ta dlt ds sulg har dcy redsac, tge pdrtkes ody, upac mekcj kcharoei ah sulg hdlt, sefelt dcatger oeikdtar. a ]ehusdf ar Zktgirdwdf ah Oeikdtar D oeikdtar ody rehuse hrao dltkcj ds sulg, wktgirdw ar ody me laopeffei ta wktgirdw, hrao tge oeikdtkac praleeikcjs ucier tge haffawkcj lkrluostdcles0 =2 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY         Kh dcy ah tge pdrtkes sa requests tge oeikdtar ta wktgirdw. Yge oeikdtar iaes cat gdve tge qudfkldtkacs, trdkckcj dci experkecle ta ecdmfe gko/ger ta oeet tge redsacdmfe expeltdtkacs ah tge pdrtkes. Zgere tge oeikdtar‛s kopdrtkdfkty ks kc questkac. Kh lactkcudtkac ah tge praless waufi vkafdte dcy etgkldf stdcidris. Kh tge sdhety ah dcy ah tge pdrtkes waufi me èapdrikzei. Kh tge oeikdtar ks ucdmfe ta pravkie ehheltkve servkles. Kc ldse ah lacklt ah kcterest. Kc dcy ah tge haffawkcj kcstdcles, kh tge oeikdtar ks sdtksei tgdt0 d. ace ar oare ah tge pdrtkes ks/dre cat dltkcj kc jaai hdktg> m. tge pdrtkes‛ djreeoect waufi me kffejdf ar kcvafve tge laooksskac ah d lrkoe> l. lactkcukcj tge ikspute waufi jkve rkse ta dc dppedrdcle ah resafutkac kopraprkety> i. lactkcukcj wktg tge praless waufi lduse skjckldct gdro ta d cacpdrtklkpdtkcj persac ar ta tge pumfkl, ar> e. lactkcukcj ikslusskacs waufi cat me kc tge mest kcterest ah tge pdrtkes, tgekr okcar lgkfirec ar tge ikspute resafutkac praless. YGE EYGKLDF LACIULY AH OEIKDYA]  Laopetecle Kt ks cat requkrei tgdt d oeikdtar sgdff gdve spelkdf qudfkldtkacs my mdlnjrauci ar prahesskac ucfess tge spelkdf qudfkldtkacs ah d oeikdtar dre requkrei kc tge oeikdtkac djreeoect ar my tge oeikdtkac pdrtkes. =4 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Gawever, tge lertkei oeikdtar sgdff0 dci lactkcudffy upjrdie gks/ger  odkctdkc prahesskacdf laopetecle kc oeikdtkac snkffs>  ecsure tgdt gks/ger qudfkldtkacs, trdkckcj dci experkecle dre ncawc ta dci dlleptei my tge pdrtkes> dci  serve acfy wgec gks/ger qudfkldtkacs, trdkckcj dci experkecle ecdmfe ah gko/ger ta oeet tge redsacdmfe expeltdtkacs tge pdrtkes dci sgdff cat gafi gkosefh/gersefh aut ar jkve tge kopresskac tgdt ge/sge gds qudfkldtkacs, trdkckcj dci experkecle tgdt ge/sge iaes cat gdve. Upac tge request ah d oeikdtkac pdrty, dc kcikvkiudf wga ks requestei ta serve ds oeikdtar sgdff ikslfase gks/ger qudfkldtkacs ta oeikdte d ikspute.  Kopdrtkdfkty D oeikdtar sgdff odkctdkc kopdrtkdfkty. d. Mehare dlleptkcj d oeikdtkac, dc kcikvkiudf wga ks requestei ta serve ds d oeikdtar sgdff0    odne dc kcqukry tgdt ks redsacdmfe ucier tge lkrluostdcles ta ieterokce wgetger tgere dre dcy ncawc hdlts tgdt d redsacdmfe kcikvkiudf waufi lacskier fknefy ta dhhelt tge kopdrtkdfkty ah tge oeikdtar, kclfuikcj d cdclkdf ar persacdf kcterest kc tge autlaoe ah tge oeikdtkac dci dcy exkstkcj ar pdst refdtkacsgkp wktg d pdrty ar hareseedmfe pdrtklkpdct kc tge oeikdtkac> dci ikslfase ta tge oeikdtkac pdrtkes dcy sulg hdlt ncawc ar fedrcei ds saac ds ks prdltkldf mehare dlleptkcj d oeikdtkac. Laciectkdfkty D oeikdtar sgdff neep kc utoast dff laciectkdf kcharodtkac amtdkcei kc tge laciecle laurse ah tge oeikdtkac praless. D oeikdtar sgdff iksluss kssues ah laciectkdfkty == IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY wktg tge oeikdtkac pdrtkes mehare mejkcckcj tge oeikdtkac praless kclfuikcj fkoktdtkacs ac tge slape ah laciectkdfkty dci tge extect ah laciectkdfkty pravkiei kc dcy prkvdte sesskacs ar lduluses tgdt tge oeikdtar gafis wktg d pdrty.  Lacsect dci \efh-Ieterokcdtkac d. D oeikdtar sgdff odne redsacdmfe ehharts ta ecsure tgdt edlg pdrty ucierstdcis tge cdture dci lgdrdlter ah tge oeikdtkac praleeikcjs kclfuikcj prkvdte lduluses, tge kssues, tge dvdkfdmfe aptkacs, tge dftercdtkves ta cac-settfeoect, dci tgdt edlg pdrty ks hree dci dmfe ta odne wgdtever lgakles ge/sge ieskres rejdrikcj pdrtklkpdtkac kc oeikdtkac jecerdffy dci rejdrikcj spelkl settfeoect aptkacs. Kh d oeikdtar mefkeves tgdt d pdrty, wga ks cat represectei my laucsef, ks ucdmfe ta ucierstdci, ar huffy pdrtklkpdte kc, tge oeikdtkac praleeikcjs har dcy redsac, d oeikdtar ody ektger0  fkokt tge slape ah tge oeikdtkac praleeikcjs kc d odccer lacskstect wktg tge pdrty‛s dmkfkty ta pdrtklkpdte, dci/ar relaooeci tgdt tge pdrty amtdkc dppraprkdte dsskstdcle kc arier ta lactkcue wktg tge praless> ar  terokcdte tge oeikdtkac praleeikcjs. m. D oeikdtar sgdff relajckze dci put kc okci tgdt tge prkodry respacskmkfkty ah resafvkcj d ikspute dci tge sgdpkcj ah d vafuctdry dci uclaerlei settfeoect rests wktg tge pdrtkes. \epdrdtkac ah Oeikdtkac hrao Laucsefkcj dci Fejdf Divkle d. Exlept kc evdfudtkve oeikdtkac ar wgec tge pdrtkes sa request, d oeikdtar sgdff0  rehrdkc hrao jkvkcj fejdf ar telgckldf divkle dci atgerwkse ecjdjkcj kc laucsefkcj ar divaldly> dci =< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY  dmstdkc hrao expresskcj gks/ger persacdf apkckac ac tge rkjgts dci iutkes ah tge pdrtkes dci tge oerkts ah dcy prapasdf odie. m. Zgere dppraprkdte dci wgere ektger ar matg pdrtkes dre cat represectei my laucsef, d oeikdtar sgdff0  relaooeci tgdt tge pdrtkes seen autskie prahesskacdf divkle ta gefp tgeo odne kcharoei ielkskac dci ta ucierstdci tge kopfkldtkacs ah dcy prapasdf> dci  sujjest tgdt tge pdrtkes seen kciepeciect fejdf dci/ar telgckldf divkle mehare d settfeoect djreeoect ks skjcei. l. Zktgaut tge lacsect ah dff pdrtkes, dci har d redsacdmfe tkoe ucier tge pdrtklufdr lkrluostdcle, d oeikdtar wga dfsa prdltkles dcatger prahesskac sgdff cat estdmfksg d prahesskacdf refdtkacsgkp kc tgdt atger prahesskac wktg ace ah tge pdrtkes, ar dcy persac ar ectkty, kc d sumstdctkdffy dci hdltudffy refdtei odtter. Lgdrjkcj ah Hees d. D oeikdtar sgdff huffy ikslfase dci expfdkc ta tge pdrtkes tge mdsks ah last, hees dci lgdrjes. wg a wktgirdws hrao h rao tge oeikdtkac m. Yge oeikdtar wga sgdff returc ta tge pdrtkes dcy ucedrcei hee dci ucusei iepaskt. l. D oeikdtar sgdff cat ecter kcta d hee djreeoect wgklg ks lactkcject upac tge resufts ah tge oeikdtkac ar tge doauct ah tge settfeoect. Rraoatkac ah ]espelt dci Lactraf ah Dmuse ah Rraless Yge oeikdtar sgdff eclaurdje outudf respelt metweec tge pdrtkes, dci sgdff tdne redsacdmfe steps, sumèlt ta tge prkclkpfe ah sefh-ieterokcdtkac, ta fkokt =9 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY dmuses ah tge oeikdtkac praless. \afklktdtkac ar Dlleptdcle ah dcy Jkht Ca oeikdtar ar dcy oeomer ah d oeikdtar‛s kooeikdte hdokfy ar gks/ger dject sgdff sg dff request, safklkt, relekve ar dllept dcy jkht ar dcy type ah laopecsdtkac atger tgdc tge djreei hee dci expecses kc lacceltkac wktg dcy odtter laokcj mehare tge oeikdtar. ]AFE AH RD]YKE\ DCI YGEK] LAUC\EF\ Ieskjcdtkac ah Laucsefar dcy Rersac ta Dsskst Oeikdtkac D pdrty ody ieskjcdte d fdwyer ar dcy atger persac ta pravkie dsskstdcle kc tge oeikdtkac. D wdkver ah tgks rkjgt sgdff me odie kc wrktkcj my tge pdrty wdkvkcj kt. D wdkver ah pdrtklkpdtkac ar fejdf represectdtkac ody me reslkciei dt dcy tkoe. Yge ]afe ah tge Laucsef     Yge fdwyer sgdff vkew gks/ger rafe kc oeikdtkac ds d laffdmardtar wktg tge atger fdwyer kc warnkcj tajetger tawdri tge laooac jadf ah gefpkcj tgekr lfkects resafve tgekr ikhherecles ta tgekr outudf divdctdje. Yge fdwyer sgdff eclaurdje dci dsskst gks/ger lfkect ta dltkvefy pdrtklkpdte kc pasktkve ikslusskacs dci laaperdte kc lrdhtkcj dc djreeoect ta resafve tgekr ikspute. Yge fdwyer oust dsskst gks/ger lfkect ta laopregeci dci dpprelkdte tge oeikdtkac praless dci kts mecets, ds weff ds tge lfkect‛s jredter persacdf respacskmkfkty har tge sulless ah oeikdtkac kc resafvkcj tge ikspute. Kc prepdrkcj har pdrtklkpdtkac kc oeikdtkac, tge fdwyer sgdff lacher dci iksluss wktg gks/ger =5 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY lfkect tge haffawkcj0 - Yge oeikdtkac praless ds essectkdffy d cejatkdtkac metweec tge pdrtkes dsskstei my tgekr respeltkve fdwyers, dci hdlkfktdtei my d oeikdtar, stresskcj kts ikhherecle hrao fktkjdtkac, kts divdctdjes dci mecets, tge lfkect‛s gekjgtecei rafe kc oeikdtkac dci respacskmkfkty har kts sulless dci expfdkckcj tge rafe ah tge fdwyer kc oeikdtkac praleeikcjs. Yge sumstdcle ah tge uplaokcj oeikdtkac, sulg ds0 Yge sumstdctkve kssues kcvafvei kc tge ikspute dci tgekr prkarktkzdtkac kc teros ah kopartdcle ta gks/ger lfkect‛s redf kcterests dci ceeis. Yge stuiy ah tge atger pdrty‛s pasktkac kc refdtkac ta tge kssues wktg d vkew ta ucierstdcikcj tge ucierfykcj kcterests, hedrs, laclercs dci ceeis. Yge kcharodtkac ar hdlts ta me jdtgerei ar ar saujgt hrao tge atger skie ar ta me exlgdcjei tgdt dre celessdry har kcharoei ielkskac-odnkcj. Yge passkmfe aptkacs har settfeoect mut stresskcj tge ceei ta me apec-okciei dmaut atger passkmkfktkes. Yge mest, warst dci oast fknefy dftercdtkves ta d cac-cejatkdtei settfeoect.      Atger Odtters wgklg tge Laucsef sgdff ia ta Dsskst Oeikdtkac Yge fdwyer0  sgdff jkve suppart ta tge oeikdtar sa tgdt gks/ ger lfkect wkff huffy ucierstdci tge rufes dci pralesses ah oeikdtkac>  sgdff kopress upac gks/ger lfkect tge kopartdcle ah spednkcj har gkosefh/gersefh dci tdnkcj respacskmkfkty har odnkcj ielkskacs iurkcj tge cejatkdtkacs wktgkc tge oeikdtkac praless>  ody dsn har d reless kc arier ta jkve divkle ar =8 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY  sujjestkacs ta gks/ger lfkect kc prkvdte, kh ge/sge perlekves tgdt gks/ger lfkect ks ucdmfe ta mdrjdkc ehheltkvefy> sgdff dsskst gks/ger lfkect dci tge oeikdtar put kc wrktkcj tge teros ah tge settfeoect djreeoect tgdt tge pdrtkes gdve ecterei kcta. Yge fdwyers sgdff see ta kt tgdt tge teros ah tge settfeoect djreeoect dre cat lactrdry ta fdw, oardfs, jaai lustaos, pumfkl arier ar pumfkl pafkly. LACIULY AH OEIKDYKAC Yge haffawkcj drtklfes sgdff me lacskierei kc tge Laciult ah Oeikdtkac D. Yge oeikdtar sgdff cat odne uctrutghuf ar exdjjerdtei lfdkos dmaut tge ikspute resafutkac praless, kts lasts dci mecets, kts autlaoe ar tge oeikdtar‛s qudfkldtkacs dci dmkfktkes iurkcj tge ectkre oeikdtkac praless. M. Yge oeikdtar sgdff gefp tge pdrtkes redlg d sdtkshdltary resafutkac ah tgekr ikspute mut gds ca dutgarkty ta kopase d settfeoect ac tge pdrtkes. L. Yge pdrtkes sgdff persacdffy dppedr har oeikdtkac dci ody me dsskstei my d fdwyer. D pdrty ody me represectei my dc dject wga oust gdve huff dutgarkty ta cejatkdte dci settfe tge ikspute. I. Yge oeikdtkac praless sgdff, kc jecerdf, lacskst ah tge haffawkcj stdjes0  apeckcj stdteoect ah tge oeikdtar>  kcikvkiudf cdrrdtkac my tge pdrtkes>  exlgdcje my tge pdrtkes>  suoodry ah kssues> jecerdtkac dci evdfudtkac ah aptkacs> dci  lfasure E. Yge oeikdtkac praleeikcj sgdff me gefi kc prkvdte. Rersacs, atger tgdc tge pdrtkes, tgekr  =: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY represectdtkves dci tge oeikdtar, ody dtteci acfy wktg tge lacsect ah dff tge pdrtkes. H. Yge oeikdtkac sgdff me lfasei0  my tge exelutkac ah d settfeoect djreeoect my tge pdrtkes>  my tge wktgirdwdf ah dcy pdrty hrao oeikdtkac> dci  my tge wrkttec ielfdrdtkac ah tge oeikdtar tgdt dcy hurtger ehhart dt oeikdtkac waufi cat me gefphuf. RFDLE AH OEIKDYKAC Djreeoect ah Rdrtkes ac tge Rfdle ah Oeikdtkac Yge pdrtkes dre hree ta djree ac tge pfdle ah oeikdtkac. Hdkfkcj sulg djreeoect, tge pfdle ah oeikdtkac sgdff me dcy pfdle lacveckect dci dppraprkdte ta dff pdrtkes. Djreeoect Kcstktutkac ta \umokt d Ikspute ta Oeikdtkac my dc Dc djreeoect ta sumokt d ikspute ta oeikdtkac my dc kcstktutkac sgdff kclfuie dc djreeoect ta me mauci my tge kctercdf oeikdtkac dci diokckstrdtkve pafklkes ah sulg kcstktutkac. Hurtger, dc djreeoect ta sumokt d ikspute ta oeikdtkac ucier kcstktutkacdf oeikdtkac rufes sgdff me ieeoei ta kclfuie dc djreeoect ta gdve sulg rufes javerc tge oeikdtkac ah tge ikspute dci har tge oeikdtar, tge pdrtkes, tgekr respeltkve laucsefs dci cac-pdrty pdrtklkpdcts ta dmkie my sulg rufes. Aperdtkve Rrkclkpfes ta Jukie Oeikdtkac Yge oeikdtkac oeikdtkac sgdff me jukiei jukiei my tge haffawkcj haffawkcj aperdtkve prkclkpfes0 D. D settfeoect djreeoect haffawkcj sullesshuf oeikdtkac sgdff me prepdrei my tge pdrtkes wktg =7 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY tge dsskstdcle ah tgekr respeltkve laucsefs, kh dcy, dci my tge oeikdtar. Yge pdrtkes dci tgekr respeltkve laucsefs sgdff eciedvar ta odne tge teros dci laciktkac ah tge settfeoect djreeoect laopfete dci ta odne diequdte pravkskacs har tge lactkcjecly ah mredlg ta dvaki lackltkcj kcterpretdtkacs ah tge djreeoect. M. Yge pdrtkes dci tgekr respeltkve laucsefs, kh dcy, sgdff skjc tge settfeoect djreeoect. Yge oeikdtar sgdff lertkhy tgdt ge/sge expfdkcei tge lactects ah tge settfeoect djreeoect ta tge pdrtkes kc d fdcjudje ncawc ta tgeo. L. Kh tge pdrtkes djree, tge settfeoect djreeoect ody me àkctfy iepasktei my tge pdrtkes ar iepasktei my ace pdrty wktg prkar catkle ta tge atger pdrty/ kes wktg tge Lfern ah Laurt ah tge ]ejkacdf Yrkdf Laurt (d) wgere tge prkclkpdf pfdle ah muskcess kc tge Rgkfkppkces ah dcy ah tge pdrtkes ks faldtei> (m) kh dcy ah tge pdrtkes ks dc kcikvkiudf, wgere dcy ah tgase kcikvkiudfs reskies> ar (l) kc tge Cdtkacdf Ldpktdf @uiklkdf ]ejkac. Zgere tgere ks d ceei ta echarle tge settfeoect djreeoect, d petktkac ody me fei myldse, dcy tge ah tge pdrtkes tge sdoe laurt, kc wgklg laurt sgdffwktg praleei suoodrkfy ta gedr tge petktkac, kc dllaridcle wktg tge \pelkdf DI] ]ufes. I. Yge pdrtkes ody djree kc tge settfeoect djreeoect tgdt tge oeikdtar sgdff melaoe d safe drmktrdtar har tge ikspute dci sgdff tredt tge settfeoect djreeoect ds dc drmktrdf dwdri wgklg sgdff me sumèlt ta echarleoect ucier ]epumfkl Dlt Ca. 7:8, atgerwkse ncawc ds ‖Yge Drmktrdtkac Fdw‟, catwktgstdcikcj tge pravkskacs ah Exelutkve Arier Ca. 4227, s. 4;75, atgerwkse ncawc ds tge ‖Lacstrultkac Kciustry Drmktrdtkac Fdw‟ har oeikdtei iksputes autskie ah tge Lacstrultkac Kciustry Drmktrdtkac Laooksskac. =; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY LACHKIECYKDFKY[ AH KCHA]ODYKAC Laciectkdfkty ah Kcharodtkac Kcharodtkac amtdkcei tgraujg oeikdtkac praleeikcjs sgdff me sumèlt ta tge haffawkcj prkclkpfes dci jukiefkces0 4. Kcharodtkac amtdkcei tgraujg oeikdtkac sgdff me prkvkfejei dci laciectkdf. =. D pdrty, oeikdtar, ar cac-pdrty pdrtklkpdct ody rehuse ta ikslfase dci ody prevect dcy atger persac hrao ikslfaskcj d laciectkdf kcharodtkac. <. Laciectkdf kcharodtkac sgdff cat me sumèlt ta ikslavery dci sgdff me kcdioksskmfe kc dcy diversdrkdf praleeikcj, wgetger ùiklkdf ar qudskùiklkdf. Gawever, evkiecle ar kcharodtkac tgdt ks atgerwkse dioksskmfe ar sumèlt ta ikslavery iaes cat melaoe kcdioksskmfe ar prateltei hrao ikslavery safefy my redsac ah kts use kc d oeikdtkac. 9. Kc sulg dc diversdrkdf praleeikcj, tge haffawkcj persacs kcvafvei ar prevkausfy kcvafvei kc d oeikdtkac ody cat me laopeffei ta ikslfase laciectkdf kcharodtkac amtdkcei iurkcj tge oeikdtkac0  tge pdrtkes ta tge ikspute>  tge oeikdtar ar oeikdtars>  tge laucsef har tge pdrtkes>  tge cac-pdrty pdrtklkpdcts>  dcy persac gkrei ar ecjdjei kc lacceltkac wktg tge oeikdtkac ds selretdry, stecajrdpger, lfern ar dsskstdct> dci  dcy atger persac wga amtdkcs ar passesses laciectkdf kcharodtkac my redsac ah gks/ ger prahesskac. 5. Yge prateltkacs ah tge DI] Dlt sgdff lactkcue ta dppfy evec kh d oeikdtar ks hauci ta gdve hdkfei ta dlt kopdrtkdffy. 8. D oeikdtar ody cat me ldffei ta testkhy ta pravkie <2 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY laciectkdf kcharodtkac jdtgerei kc oeikdtkac. D oeikdtar wga ks wracjhuffy sumpaecdei sgdff me rekomursei tge huff last ah gks/ger dttarcey‛s d ttarcey‛s hees dci refdtei expecses. Zdkver ah Laciectkdfkty D. D prkvkfeje drkskcj hrao tge laciectkdfkty ah kcharodtkac ody me wdkvei kc d relari ar ardffy iurkcj d praleeikcj my tge oeikdtar dci tge oeikdtkac pdrtkes. M. Zktg tge lacsect ah tge oeikdtkac pdrtkes, d prkvkfeje drkskcj hrao tge laciectkdfkty ah kcharodtkac ody fknewkse me wdkvei my d cacpdrty pdrtklkpdct kh tge kcharodtkac ks pravkiei my sulg cac-pdrty pdrtklkpdct. L. D persac wga ikslfases laciectkdf kcharodtkac sgdff me prelfuiei hrao dssertkcj tge prkvkfeje ucier Laciectkdfkty ah Kcharodtkac ta mdr ikslfasure ah tge rest ah tge kcharodtkac celessdry celessd ry ta d laopfete ucierstdcikcj ah tge prevkausfy ikslfasei kcharodtkac. Kh d persac suhhers fass ar idodje ds d resuft ah tge ikslfasure ah tge laciectkdf kcharodtkac, ge/sge sgdff me ectktfei ta idodjes kc d ùiklkdf praleeikcj djdkcst tge persac wga odie tge ikslfasure. I. D persac wga ikslfases ar odnes d represectdtkac dmaut d oeikdtkac ks prelfuiei hrao dssertkcj tge prkvkfeje oectkacei kc Laciectkdfkty ah Kcharodtkac ta tge extect tgdt tge laoouckldtkac preùikles dcatger persac kc tge praleeikcj dci kt ks celessdry har tge persac preùiklei ta respaci ta tge represectdtkac ar ikslfasure. Exleptkacs ta tge Rrkvkfeje ah Laciectkdfkty ah Kcharodtkac 4. Ygere ks ca prkvkfeje djdkcst ikslfasure kc tge haffawkcj kcstdcles0 <4 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY       kc dc djreeoect evkieclei my d relari dutgectkldtei my dff pdrtkes ta tge djreeoect> dvdkfdmfe ta tge pumfkl ar odie iurkcj d sesskac ah d oeikdtkac wgklg ks apec, ar ks requkrei my fdw ta me apec, ta tge pumfkl d tgredt ar stdteoect ah d pfdc ta kcklt maikfy kcùry ar laookt d lrkoe ah vkafecle> kctectkacdffy usei ta pfdc d lrkoe, dtteopt ta laookt, ar laookt d lrkoe, ar lacledf dc acjakcj lrkoe ar lrkokcdf dltkvkty> saujgt ar ahherei ta prave ar iksprave dmuse, cejfelt, dmdciacoect ar expfaktdtkac kc d praleeikcj kc wgklg d pumfkl djecly ks prateltkcj tge kcterest ah dc kcikvkiudf prateltei my fdw> mut tgks exleptkac iaes cat dppfy wgere d lgkfi prateltkac odtter ks reherrei ta oeikdtkac my d laurt ar wgere d pumfkl djecly pdrtklkpdtes kc tge lgkfi prateltkac oeikdtkac> saujgt ar ahherei ta prave ar iksprave d lfdko ar laopfdkct ah prahesskacdf okslaciult ar odfprdltkle fei djdkcst d oeikdtar kc d praleeikcj> ar  saujgt ar ahherei ta prave ar iksprave d lfdko ar laopfdkct ah prahesskacdf okslaciult ar odfprdltkle fei djdkcst d pdrty, cacpdrty pdrtklkpdct, ar represectdtkve ah d pdrty mdsei ac laciult allurrkcj iurkcj d oeikdtkac. =. Kh d laurt ar diokckstrdtkve djecly cis, dhter d gedrkcj kc ldoerd, tgdt tge pdrty seenkcj ikslavery ah tge prapacect ah tge evkiecle gds sgawc sg awc tgdt tge evkiecle ks cat atgerwkse dvdkfdmfe, tgdt tgere ks d ceei har tge evkiecle tgdt tgd t sumstdctkdffy autwekjgs tge kcterest kc prateltkcj laciectkdfkty, dci tge oeikdtkac laoouckldtkac ks saujgt ar ahherei kc0 d. d laurt praleeikcj kcvafvkcj d lrkoe ar hefacy> ar <= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY m. d praleeikcj ta prave d lfdko ar iehecse tgdt ucier tge fdw ks suhlkect ta reharo ar dvaki d fkdmkfkty ac d lactrdlt drkskcj aut ah tge oeikdtkac. l. D oeikdtar ody cat me laopeffei ta pravkie evkiecle ah d oeikdtkac laoouckldtkac ar testkhy kc sulg praleeikcj. i. Kh d oeikdtkac laoouckldtkac ks cat prkvkfejei ucier dc exleptkac kc pdrdjrdpg (d) ar (m), acfy tge partkac ah tge laoouckldtkac celessdry har tge dppfkldtkac ah tge exleptkac har cacikslfasure ody me diokttei. Yge dioksskac ah d pdrtklufdr evkiecle har tge fkoktei purpase ah dc exleptkac iaes cat recier tgdt evkiecle, ar dcy atger oeikdtkac laoouckldtkac, dioksskmfe har dcy atger purpase. Cac-]epartkcj ar Laoouckldtkac my Oeikdtar D oeikdtar ody cat odne d repart, dssessoect, evdfudtkac, relaooecidtkac, cikcj ar atger laoouckldtkac rejdrikcj d oeikdtkac ta d laurt ar djecly ar atger dutgarkty tgdt ody odne d rufkcj ac d ikspute tgdt ks tge sumèlt ah d oeikdtkac, exlept0  ta stdte tgdt tge oeikdtkac allurrei ar gds terokcdtei, ar wgere d settfeoect wds redlgei> ar  ds perokttei ta me ikslfasei ucier tge pravkskacs ac tge Exleptkacs ta tge Rrkvkfeje ah Laciectkdfkty ah Kcharodtkac. Yge pdrtkes ody, my dc djreeoect kc wrktkcj, stkpufdte tgdt tge settfeoect djreeoect sgdff me sedfei dci cat ikslfasei ta dcy tgkri pdrty kclfuikcj tge laurt. \ulg stkpufdtkac, gawever, sgdff cat dppfy ta d praleeikcj ta echarle ar set dskie tge settfeoect djreeoect. << IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY HEE\ DCI LA\Y AH OEIKDYKAC Hees dci Last ah Di gal Oeikdtkac Kc di gal oeikdtkac, tge pdrtkes dre hree ta odne tgekr awc drrdcjeoect ds ta oeikdtkac last dci hees. Kc iehduft tgereah, tge slgeiufe ah last dci hees ta me dppravei my tge ADI] sgdff me haffawei. Hees dci Last ah Kcstktutkacdf Oeikdtkac D. Kc kcstktutkacdf oeikdtkac, oeikdtkac last sgdff kclfuie tge diokckstrdtkve lgdrjes ah tge oeikdtkac kcstktutkac ucier wgklg tge pdrtkes gdve djreei ta me mauci, oeikdtar‛s hees dci dssalkdtei expecses, kh dcy. Kc iehduft ah djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes ds ta tge doauct dci odccer ah pdyoect ah oeikdtkac‛s last dci hees, tge sdoe sgdff me ieterokcei kc dllaridcle wktg tge dppfkldmfe kctercdf rufes ah tge oeikdtkac servkle pravkiers ucier wgase rufes tge oeikdtkac ks laciultei. M. D oeikdtkac servkle pravkier ody ieterokce sulg oeikdtkac hee ds ks redsacdmfe tdnkcj kcta lacskierdtkac tge haffawkcj hdltars, doacj atgers0  tge laopfexkty ah tge ldse>  tge cuomer ah gaurs spect kc oeikdtkac> dci  tge trdkckcj, experkecle dci stdture ah oeikdtars. KCYE]CDYKACDF LAOOE]LKDF D]MKY]DYKAC \lape ah Dppfkldtkac Yge rufe dppfkes ta kctercdtkacdf laooerlkdf drmktrdtkac, sumèlt ta dcy djreeoect kc harle metweec tge Rgkfkppkces dci atger stdte ar stdtes dci acfy kh tge pfdle ar sedt ah drmktrdtkac ks tge Rgkfkppkces dci kc iehduft ah dcy djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes ac tge dppfkldmfe rufes dci sgdff cat dhhelt dcy atger fdw ah <9 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY tge Rgkfkppkces my vkrtue ah wgklg lertdkc iksputes ody cat me sumokttei ta drmktrdtkac ar ody me sumokttei ta drmktrdtkac acfy dllarikcj ta pravkskacs atger tgdc tgase ah tge DI] Dlt. ]ufes ah Kcterpretdtka Kcterpretdtkac c D. Kctercdtkacdf laooerlkdf drmktrdtkac sgdff me javercei my tge Oaief Fdw ac Kctercdtkacdf Laooerlkdf Drmktrdtkac. M. Kc kcterpretkcj tge rufe, rejdri sgdff me gdi ta tge kctercdtkacdf arkjkc ah tge Oaief Fdw dci ta tge ceei har uckharokty kc kts kcterpretdtkac. ]esart ody me odie ta tge trdvdux prepdrdtarkes dci tge ]epart ah tge \elretdry-Jecerdf ah tge Ucktei Cdtkacs Laooksskac ac Kctercdtkacdf Yrdie Fdw idtei Odrlg 4;75 ectktfei, ‖Kctercdtkacdf Laooerlkdf Drmktrdtkac0 Dcdfytkldf Laooectdry ac Irdht Yext kiectkei my reherecle cuomer D/ LC. ;/=89‟. L. Oareaver, kc kcterpretkcj tge rufe, tge laurt sgdff gdve iue rejdri ta tge pafkly ah tge fdw kc hdvar ah drmktrdtkac dci tge pafkly ah tge Rgkfkppkces ta dltkvefy praoate pdrty dutacaoy kc tge resafutkac ah iksputes ar tge hreeiao ah tge pdrtkes ta odne tgekr awc drrdcjeoect ta resafve tgekr ikspute. I. Zgere d pravkskac ah tge rufe, exlept tge tgase dppfkldmfe ta tge sumstdcle ah tge ikspute, fedves tge pdrtkes hree ta ieterokce d lertdkc kssue, sulg hreeiao kclfuies tge rkjgt ah tge pdrtkes ta dutgarkze d tgkri pdrty, kclfuikcj dc kcstktutkac, ta odne tgdt ieterokcdtkac. E. Zgere d pravkskac ah tgese rufe rehers ta tge hdlt tgdt tge pdrtkes gdve djreei ar tgdt tgey ody od y djree ar kc dcy atger wdy rehers ta dc djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes, sulg djreeoect kclfuies dcy drmktrdtkac rufes reherrei ta kc tgdt djreeoect. <5 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ]elekpt ah Zrkttec Laoouckldtkacs D. Ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes0  dcy wrkttec laoouckldtkac ks ieeoei ta gdve meec relekvei kh kt ks iefkverei ta tge diiressee persacdffy ar dt gks/ger pfdle ah muskcess, gdmktudf reskiecle ar odkfkcj diiress> kh cace ah tgese ldc me hauci dhter odnkcj d redsacdmfe kcqukry, d wrkttec laoouckldtkac ks ieeoei ta gdve meec relekvei kh kt ks sect ta tge diiressee‛s fdst ncawc pfdle ah muskcess, gdmktudf reskiecle ar odkfkcj diiress my rejksterei fetter ar dcy atger oedcs wgklg pravkies d relari ah tge dtteopt ta iefkver kt>  tge laoouckldtkac ks ieeoei ta gdve meec relekvei ac tge idy kt ks sa iefkverei. M. Yge pravkskacs ah tge ]ufe ia cat dppfy ta laoouckldtkacs kc laurt praleeikcjs, wgklg sgdff me javercei my tge ]ufes ah Laurt. Zdkver ah ]kjgt ta Amèlt D pdrty wga ncaws tgdt dcy pravkskac ah tge rufe hrao wgklg tge pdrtkes ody ierajdte ar dcy requkreoect ucier tge drmktrdtkac djreeoect gds cat meec laopfkei wktg dci yet praleeis wktg tge drmktrdtkac wktgaut stdtkcj tge amèltkacs har sulg cac-laopfkdcle wktgaut uciue iefdy ar kh d tkoe fkokt ks pravkiei tgerehar, wktgkc sulg perkai ah tkoe, sgdff me ieeoei ta gdve wdkvei tge rkjgt ta amèlt. Extect ah Laurt Kctervectkac Kc odtters javercei my tge rufe, ca laurt sgdff kctervece exlept wgere sahar pravkiei tge DI] Dlt. ]esart ta Rgkfkppkce laurts odtterskc wktgkc tge slape ah tge DI] Dlt sgdff me javercei my tge \pelkdf DI] ]ufes. <8 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY D]MKY]DYKAC DJ]EEOECY Iecktkac dci Haro ah Drmktrdtkac Djreeoect Yge drmktrdtkac djreeoect sgdff me kc wrktkcj. Dc djreeoect ks kc wrktkcj kh kt ks lactdkcei kc d ialuoect skjcei my tge pdrtkes ar kc dc exlgdcje ah fetters, tefex, tefejrdos ar atger oedcs ah tefelaoouckldtkac wgklg pravkie d relari ah tge djreeoect, ar kc dc exlgdcje ah stdteoects ah lfdko dci iehecse kc wgklg tge exkstecle ah dc djreeoect ks dffejei my ace pdrty dci cat ieckei my dcatger. Yge reherecle kc d lactrdlt ta d ialuoect lactdkckcj dc drmktrdtkac lfduse lacstktutes dc drmktrdtkac djreeoect pravkiei tgdt tge lactrdlt ks kc wrktkcj dci tge reherecle ks sulg ds ta odne tgdt lfduse pdrt ah tge lactrdlt. Drmktrdtkac Djreeoect Mehare Laurt dci \umstdctkve Lfdko D. D laurt mehare wgklg dc dltkac ks mraujgt kc d odtter wgklg ks tge sumèlt ah dc drmktrdtkac djreeoect sgdff, kh dt fedst ace pdrty sa requests cat fdter tgdc tge pre-trkdf lacherecle, ar upac tge request ah matg pdrtkes tgeredhter, reher tge pdrtkes ta drmktrdtkac ucfess kt cis tgdt tge drmktrdtkac djreeoect ks cuff dci vaki, kcaperdtkve ar kcldpdmfe ah mekcj perharoei. M. Zgere dc dltkac reherrei ta kc tge prevkaus pdrdjrdpg gds meec mraujgt, drmktrdf praleeikcjs ody cevertgefess me laooeclei ar lactkcuei, dci dc dwdri ody me odie, wgkfe tge kssue ks pecikcj mehare tge laurt. L. Zgere tge dltkac ks laooeclei my ar djdkcst ouftkpfe pdrtkes, ace ar oare ah wgao dre pdrtkes ta dc drmktrdtkac djreeoect, tge laurt sgdff reher ta drmktrdtkac tgase pdrtkes wga dre mauci my tge drmktrdtkac djreeoect dftgaujg tge dltkac ody lactkcue ds ta tgase wga dre catlkvkf mauci my sulg drmktrdtkac djreeoect. <: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Laopasktkac ah Drmktrdf Yrkmucdf Cuomer ah Drmktrdtars Yge pdrtkes dre hree ta ieterokce tge cuomer ah drmktrdtars. Hdkfkcj sulg ieterokcdtkac, tge cuomer ah drmktrdtars sgdff me tgree (<). Dppakctoect ah Drmktrdtars D. Ca persac sgdff me prelfuiei my redsac ah gks/ger cdtkacdfkty hrao dltkcj ds dc drmktrdtar, ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes. M. Yge pdrtkes dre hree ta djree ac d praleiure ah dppakctkcj tge drmktrdtar ar drmktrdtars. L. Hdkfkcj sulg djreeoect0  kc dc drmktrdtkac wktg tgree (<) drmktrdtars, edlg pdrty sgdff dppakct ace drmktrdtar, dci tge twa (=) drmktrdtars tgus dppakctei sgdff dppakct tge tgkri drmktrdtar> kh d pdrty hdkfs ta dppakct tge drmktrdtar wktgkc tgkrty (<2) idysatger ah relekpt sa hrao tge pdrty, ah ar dkh request tge twa ta (=) ia drmktrdtars hdkf ta djree ac tge tgkri drmktrdtar wktgkc tgkrty (<2) idys ah tgekr dppakctoect, tge dppakctoect sgdff me odie, upac request ah d pdrty, my tge dppakctkcj dutgarkty>  kc dc drmktrdtkac wktg d safe drmktrdtar, kh tge pdrtkes dre ucdmfe ta djree ac tge drmktrdtar, ge/sge sgdff me dppakctei, upac request ah d pdrty, my tge dppakctkcj dutgarkty. I. Zgere, ucier dc dppakctoect praleiure djreei upac my tge pdrtkes,  d pdrty hdkfs ta dlt ds requkrei ucier sulg praleiure, ar  tge pdrtkes, ar twa drmktrdtars, dre ucdmfe ta redlg dc djreeoect expeltei ah tgeo ucier sulg praleiure, ar <7 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY  d tgkri pdrty, kclfuikcj dc kcstktutkac, hdkfs ta perharo dcy hucltkac ectrustei ta kt ucier sulg praleiure, dcy pdrty ody request tge dppakctkcj dutgarkty ta tdne tge celessdry oedsure ta dppakct dc drmktrdtar, ucfess tge djreeoect ac tge dppakctoect praleiure pravkies atger oedcs har selurkcj tge dppakctoect. E. D ielkskac ac d odtter ectrustei sgdff me kooeikdtefy exelutary dci cat me sumèlt ta d oatkac har relacskierdtkac ar dppedf. Yge dppakctkcj dutgarkty sgdff gdve kc dppakctkcj dc drmktrdtar, iue rejdri ta dcy qudfkldtkacs requkrei ah tge drmktrdtar my tge djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes dci ta sulg lacskierdtkacs ds dre fknefy ta selure tge dppakctoect ah dc kciepeciect dci kopdrtkdf drmktrdtar dci, kc tge ldse ah d safe ar tgkri drmktrdtar, Jraucis har Lgdffecje D. Zgec d persac ks dppradlgei kc lacceltkac wktg gks/ger passkmfe dppakctoect ds dc drmktrdtar, ge/sge sgdff ikslfase dcy lkrluostdcle fknefy ta jkve rkse ta ùstkdmfe iaumts ds ta gks/ger kopdrtkdfkty ar kciepeciecle. Dc drmktrdtar, hrao tge tkoe ah gks/ger dppakctoect dci tgraujgaut tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs sgdff, wktgaut iefdy, ikslfase dcy sulg lkrluostdcle ta tge pdrtkes ucfess tgey gdve dfrediy meec kcharoei ah tgeo my gko/ger. Dc drmktrdtar ody me lgdffecjei acfy kh M. lkrluostdcles exkst tgdt jkve rkse ta ùstkdmfe iaumts ds ta gks/ger kopdrtkdfkty ar kciepeciecle, ar kh ge/sge iaes cat passess qudfkldtkacs djreei ta my tge pdrtkes. D pdrty ody lgdffecje dc drmktrdtar dppakctei my gko/ger, ar kc wgase dppakctoect ge/ sge gds pdrtklkpdtei, acfy har redsacs ah wgklg ge/sge melaoes dwdre dhter tge dppakctoect gds meec odie. <; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Lgdffecje Rraleiure D. Yge pdrtkes dre hree ta djree ac d praleiure har lgdffecjkcj dc drmktrdtar, sumèlt ta tge pravkskacs ah tge rufe. M. Hdkfkcj sulg djreeoect, d pdrty wga kctecis ta lgdffecje dc drmktrdtar sgdff, wktgkc hteec (45) idys dhter melaokcj dwdre ah tge lacstktutkac ah tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ar dhter melaokcj dwdre ah dcy lkrluostdcle, seci d wrkttec stdteoect ah tge redsacs har tge lgdffecje ta tge drmktrdf trkmucdf. Ucfess tge lgdffecjei drmktrdtar wktgirdws hrao gks/ger ahle ar tge atger pdrty djrees ta tge lgdffecje, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff ielkie ac tge lgdffecje. L. Kh d lgdffecje ucier dcy praleiure djreei upac my tge pdrtkes ks cat sullesshuf, tge lgdffecjkcj pdrty ody request tge dppakctkcj dutgarkty, wktgkc tgkrty (<2) idys dhter gdvkcj relekvei catkle ah tge ielkskac reèltkcj tge lgdffecje, ta ielkie ac tge lgdffecje, wgklg ielkskac sgdff me kooeikdtefy exelutary dci cat sumèlt oatkac har relacskierdtkac ar dppedf. Zgkfe sulgta d request ks pecikcj, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf, kclfuikcj tge lgdffecjei drmktrdtar, ody lactkcue tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs dci odne dc dwdri. Hdkfure ar Kopasskmkfkty ta Dlt D. Kh dc drmktrdtar melaoes ieùre ar ie hdlta ucdmfe ta perharo gks/ger hucltkacs ar har atger redsacs hdkfs ta dlt wktgaut uciue iefdy, gks/ ger odcidte terokcdtes kh ge/sge wktgirdws hrao gks/ger ahle ar kh tge pdrtkes djree ac tge terokcdtkac. Atgerwkse, kh d lactraversy reodkcs laclerckcj ah tgese jraucis, request tgedcy dppakctkcj dutgarktydcy ta pdrty ielkieody ac tge terokcdtkac ah tge odcidte, wgklg ielkskac sgdff me kooeikdtefy exelutary dci cat sumèlt ta oatkac har relacskierdtkac ar dppedf. 92 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY M. Kh dc drmktrdtar wktgirdws hrao gks/ger ahle ar d pdrty djrees ta tge terokcdtkac ah tge odcidte ah dc drmktrdtar, tgks iaes cat kopfy dlleptdcle ah tge vdfkikty ah dcy jrauci. Dppakctoect ah \umstktute Drmktrdtar Zgere tge odcidte ah dc drmktrdtar terokcdtes ucier tge pravkskacs ac Lgdffecje Rraleiure dci Hdkfure ar Kopasskmkfkty ta Dlt ar melduse ah gks/ger wktgirdwdf hrao ahle har dcy atger redsac ar melduse ah tge revaldtkac ah gks/ger odcidte my djreeoect ah tge pdrtkes ar kc dcy atger ldse ah terokcdtkac ah gks/ ger odcidte, d sumstktute drmktrdtar sgdff me dppakctei dllarikcj ta tge rufes tgdt were dppfkldmfe ta tge dppakctoect ah tge drmktrdtar mekcj repfdlei. @urksikltkac ah Drmktrdf Yrkmucdf Laopetecle ah Drmktrdf Yrkmucdf ta ]ufe ac kts @urksikltkac D. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody rufe ac kts awc ùrksikltkac, kclfuikcj dcy amèltkacs wktg respelt ta tge exkstecle ar vdfkikty ah tge drmktrdtkac djreeoect ar dcy laciktkac preleiect ta tge fkcj ah d request har drmktrdtkac. Har tgdt purpase, dc drmktrdtkac lfduse, wgklg haros pdrt ah d lactrdlt sgdff me tredtei ds dc djreeoect kciepeciect ah tge atger teros ah tge lactrdlt. D ielkskac my tge drmktrdf trkmucdf tgdt tge lactrdlt ks cuff dci vaki sgdff cat ectdkf kpsa ùre tge kcvdfkikty ah tge drmktrdtkac lfduse. M. D pfed tgdt tge drmktrdf trkmucdf iaes cat gdve ùrksikltkac sgdff me rdksei cat fdter tgdc tge sumoksskac ah tge stdteoect ah iehecse (k.e., kc dc Dcswer ar Oatkac ta Iksokss). D pdrty ks cat prelfuiei hrao rdkskcj sulg pfed my tge hdlt tgdt ge/sge gds dppakctei, ar pdrtklkpdtei kc tge dppakctoect ah, dc drmktrdtar. D pfed tgdt 94 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ks exleeikcj tge slape ah kts dutgarkty sgdff me rdksei ds saac ds tge odtter dffejei ta me meyaci tge slape ah kts dutgarkty ks rdksei iurkcj tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody, kc ektger ldse, diokt d fdter pfed kh kt lacskiers tge iefdy ùstkei. L. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody rufe ac d pfed ektger ds d prefkokcdry questkac ar kc dc dwdri ac tge oerkts. Kh tge drmktrdf trkmucdf rufes ds d prefkokcdry questkac tgdt kt gds ùrksikltkac, dcy pdrty ody request, wktgkc tgkrty (<2) idys dhter gdvkcj relekvei catkle ah tgdt rufkcj, tge ]ejkacdf Yrkdf Laurt ta ielkie tge odtter, wgklg ielkskac sgdff me kooeikdtefy exelutary dci cat sumèlt ta oatkac har relacskierdtkac ar dppedf. Zgkfe sulg d request ks pecikcj, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody lactkcue tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs dci odne dc dwdri. Rawer ah Drmktrdf Yrkmucdf ta Arier Kcterko Oedsures Oedsure s D. Ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody, dt tge request ah d pdrty, arier dcy pdrty ta tdne sulg kcterko oedsures ah prateltkac ds tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody lacskier celessdry kc respelt ah tge sumèlt odtter ah tge ikspute. \ulg kcterko oedsures ody kclfuie, mut sgdff cat me fkoktei ta, prefkokcdry kcùcltkac ikreltei djdkcst d pdrty, dppakctoect ah relekvers, ar ietectkac, preservdtkac, kcspeltkac ah praperty tgdt ks tge sumèlt ah tge ikspute kc drmktrdtkac. M. Dhter lacstktutkac ah tge drmktrdf trkmucdf, dci iurkcj drmktrdf praleeikcjs, d request har kcterko oedsures ah prateltkac, ar oaikldtkac tgereah sgdff me odie wktg tge drmktrdf trkmucdf. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf ks ieeoei lacstktutei wgec tge safe drmktrdtar ar tge tgkri drmktrdtar, wga gds meec caokcdtei, gds dlleptei tge caokcdtkac dci wrkttec laoouckldtkac ah sdki caokcdtkac dci dlleptdcle gds meec relekvei my tge pdrty 9= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY odnkcj tge request. haffawkcj rufes ac kcterko ar pravkskacdf pravkskacdf refkeh refkeh L. Yge haffawkcj sgdff me amservei0  Dcy pdrty ody request tgdt kcterko ar pravkskacdf refkeh me jrdctei djdkcst tge diverse pdrty.  \ulg refkeh ody me jrdctei0 - Ya prevect krrepdrdmfe fass ar kcùry. Ya pravkie selurkty har tge perharodcle ah dc amfkjdtkac. Ya praiule ar preserve evkiecle. Ya laopef dcy atger dppraprkdte dlts ar aoksskacs.  Yge arier jrdctkcj pravkskacdf refkeh ody me laciktkacei upac tge pravkskac ah selurkty ar dcy dlt ar aoksskac spelkei kc tge arier.  Kcterko ar pravkskacdf refkeh ks. requestei my wrkttec dppfkldtkac trdcsokttei my redsacdmfe oedcs ta tge drmktrdf trkmucdf    dci tge pdrty wgao refkeh ks saujgt, ieslrkmkcj kcdjdkcst dppraprkdte ietdkfs ah tge prelkse refkeh, tge pdrty djdkcst wgao tge refkeh ks requestei, tge jrauci har tge refkeh, dci tge evkiecle suppartkcj tge request. Yge arier ektger jrdctkcj ar iecykcj dc dppfkldtkac har kcterko refkeh sgdff me mkcikcj upac tge pdrtkes. Ektger pdrty ody dppfy wktg tge laurt har dsskstdcle kc kopfeoectkcj ar echarlkcj dc kcterko oedsure arierei my dc drmktrdf trkmucdf. D pdrty wga iaes cat laopfy wktg tge arier sgdff me fkdmfe har dff idodjes, resuftkcj hrao caclaopfkdcle, kclfuikcj dff expecses, dci redsacdmfe dttarcey‛s hees, pdki kc amtdkckcj tge arier‛s ùiklkdf echarleoect. 9< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Laciult ah Drmktrdf Rraleeikcj Rraleeikcjs s Equdf Yredtoect ah Rdrtkes Yge pdrtkes sgdff me tredtei wktg equdfkty dci edlg pdrty sgdff me jkvec d huff appartuckty ah presectkcj gks/ g ks/ ger ldse. Ieterokcdtkac ah ]ufes ah Rraleiure D. Yge pdrtkes dre hree ta djree ac tge praleiure ta me haffawei my tge drmktrdf trkmucdf kc laciultkcj tge praleeikcjs. M. Hdkfkcj sulg djreeoect, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody, laciult tge drmktrdtkac kc sulg odccer ds kt lacskiers dppraprkdte. Ucfess tge drmktrdf trkmucdf lacskiers kt kcdppraprkdte, tge UCLKY]DF Drmktrdtkac ]ufes diaptei my tge UCLKY]DF ac =7 Dprkf 4;:8 dci tge UC Jecerdf Dsseomfy ac 45 Ieleomer 4;:8 sgdff dppfy sumèlt ta tge haffawkcj lfdrkldtkac0 Dff reherecles ta tge ‖\elretdry Jecerdf ah tge Rerodcect Laurt ah Drmktrdtkac dt tge dutgarkty. Gdjue‟ sgdff me ieeoei ta reher ta tge dppakctkcj L. Yge pawer lacherrei upac tge drmktrdf trkmucdf kclfuies tge pawer ta ieterokce tge dioksskmkfkty, refevdcle, odterkdfkty dci wekjgt ah dcy evkiecle. Rfdle ah Drmktrdtkac D. Yge pdrtkes dre hree ta djree ac tge pfdle ah drmktrdtkac. Hdkfkcj sulg djreeoect, tge pfdle ah drmktrdtkac sgdff me kc Oetra Odckfd ucfess tge drmktrdf trkmucdf, gdvkcj rejdri ta tge lkrluostdcles ah tge ldse, kclfuikcj tge lacveckecle ah tge pdrtkes, sgdff ielkie ac d ikhherect pfdle ah drmktrdtkac. M. Catwktgstdcikcj tge rufe stdtei kc pdrdjrdpg (d), tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody, ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, oeet dt dcy pfdle kt lacskiers 99 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY dppraprkdte har lacsuftdtkac doacj kts oeomers, har gedrkcj wktcesses, experts ar tge pdrtkes, ar har kcspeltkac ah jaais, atger praperty ar ialuoects. Laooecleoect ah Drmktrdf Rraleeikcjs Ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs kc respelt ah d dpdrtklufdr ikspute laooecle ac tge idte ac wgklg request har tgdt ikspute ta me reherrei ta drmktrdtkac ks relekvei my tge respaciect. Fdcjudje D. Yge pdrtkes dre hree ta djree ac tge fdcjudje ar fdcjudjes ta me usei kc tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs. Hdkfkcj sulg djreeoect, tge fdcjudje ta me usei sgdff me Ecjfksg. Ygks djreeoect, ucfess atgerwkse spelkei tgerekc, sgdff dppfy ta dcy wrkttec stdteoect my d pdrty, dcy gedrkcj dci dcy dwdri, ielkskac ar atger laoouckldtkac my tge drmktrdf trkmucdf. drmktrdf trkmucdf ody arier tgdt dcy ialuoectdry evkiecle sgdff me dllaopdckei my d trdcsfdtkac kcta tge fdcjudje ar fdcjudjes djreei upac my tge pdrtkes ar ieterokcei my tge drmktrdf trkmucdf kc dllaridcle wktg pdrdjrdpg (d). M. Yge \tdteoects ah Lfdko dci Iehecse D. Zktgkc tge perkai ah tkoe djreei my tge pdrtkes ar ieterokcei my tge drmktrdf trkmucdf, tge lfdkodct sgdff stdte tge hdlts suppartkcj gks/ger/kts lfdko, tge pakcts dt kssue dci tge refkeh ar reoeiy saujgt, dci tge respaciect sgdff stdte gks/ger/kts iehecse kc respelt ah tgese pdrtklufdrs, ucfess tge pdrtkes gdve atgerwkse djreei ds ta tge requkrei efeoects ah sulg stdteoects. Yge pdrtkes ody sumokt wktg tgekr stdteoects, dff ialuoects tgey 95 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY lacskier ta me refevdct ar ody dii d reherecle ta tge ialuoects ar atger evkiecle tgey wkff sumokt. M. Ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, ektger pdrty ody doeci ar suppfeoect gks/ger lfdko ar iehecse iurkcj tge laurse ah tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs, ucfess tge drmktrdf trkmucdf lacskiers kt kcdppraprkdte ta dffaw sulg doecioect gdvkcj rejdri ta tge iefdy kc odnkcj kt. Gedrkcj dci Zrkttec Rraleeikcjs D. \umèlt ta dcy lactrdry djreeoect my tge pdrtkes, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff ielkie wgetger ta gafi ardf gedrkcjs har tge presectdtkac ah evkiecle ar har ardf drjuoect, ar wgetger tge praleeikcjs sgdff me laciultei ac tge mdsks ah ialuoects dci atger odterkdfs. Gawever, ucfess tge pdrtkes gdve djreei tgdt ca gedrkcjs sgdff me gefi, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff gafi sulg gedrkcjs dt dc dppraprkdte stdje ah tge praleeikcjs, kh sa requestei my d pdrty. M. catkle Yge pdrtkes me dci jkvec suhlkect divdcle ah dcy sgdff gedrkcj ah dcy oeetkcj ah tge drmktrdf trkmucdf har tge purpases ah kcspeltkac ah jaais, atger praperty ar ialuoects. L. Dff stdteoects, ialuoects ar atger kcharodtkac suppfkei ta tge drmktrdf trkmucdf my ace pdrty sgdff me laoouckldtei ta tge atger pdrty. Dfsa, dc expert repart ar evkiectkdry ialuoect ac wgklg tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody refy kc odnkcj kts ielkskac sgdff me laoouckldtei ta tge pdrtkes. Iehduft ah d Rdrty Ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, kh, wktgaut sgawkcj suhlkect lduse,  98 tge lfdkodct hdkfs ta laoouckldte gks stdteoect ah lfdko kc dllaridcle wktg tge pravkskacs ah IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY   \tdteoect ah Lfdko dci Iehecse, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff terokcdte tge praleeikcjs> tge respaciect hdkfs ta laoouckldte gks/ger/ kts stdteoect ah iehecse kc dllaridcle wktg tge pravkskacs ah \tdteoect ah Lfdko dci Iehecse, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff lactkcue tge praleeikcjs wktgaut tredtkcj sulg hdkfure kc ktsefh ds dc dioksskac ah tge lfdkodct‛s dffejdtkacs> dcy pdrty hdkfs ta dppedr dt d gedrkcj ar ta praiule ialuoectdry evkiecle, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody lactkcue tge praleeikcjs dci odne tge dwdri ac tge evkiecle mehare kt. Expert Dppakctei my tge Drmktrdf Yrkmucdf Ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf,  ody dppakct ace ar oare experts ta repart ta kt ac spelkl kssues ta me ieterokcei my tge drmktrdf trkmucdf> ar  ody requkre d pdrty ta jkve tge expert dcy refevdct kcharodtkac ar ta praiule, ar ta pravkie dlless ta, dcy refevdct ialuoects, jaais ar atger praperty har gks/ger kcspeltkac. Ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, kh d pdrty sa requests ar kh tge drmktrdf trkmucdf lacskiers kt celessdry, tge expert sgdff, dhter iefkvery ah gks/ger wrkttec ar ardf repart, pdrtklkpdte kc d gedrkcj wgere tge pdrtkes gdve tge appartuckty ta put questkacs ta gko dci ta presect expert wktcesses kc arier ta testkhy ac tge pakcts dt kssue. Laurt Dsskstdcle kc Ydnkcj Evkiecle Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf ar d pdrty wktg tge dppravdf ah tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody request hrao d laurt ah tge Rgkfkppkces dsskstdcle kc tdnkcj evkiecle. Yge laurt 9: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ody exelute tge request wktgkc kts laopetecle dci dllarikcj ta kts rufes ac tdnkcj evkiecle. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff gdve tge pawer ta requkre dcy persac ta dtteci d gedrkcj ds d wktcess. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff gdve tge pawer ta sumpaecd wktcesses dci ialuoects wgec tge refevdcly ah tge testkoacy dci tge odterkdfkty tgereah gds meec ieoacstrdtei ta kt. Yge wktcess drmktrdf iurkcj trkmucdftge ody dfsa requkre retkreoect ah dcy testkoacy ah dcy dctge y atger wktcess. D pdrty ody mrkcj d petktkac ucier tgks \eltkac mehare tge laurt kc dllaridcle wktg tge ]ufes ah Laurt ar tge \pelkdf DI] ]ufes. ]ufes Dppfkldmfe ta tge \umstdcle ah Ikspute D. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff ielkie tge ikspute kc dllaridcle wktg sulg rufes ah fdw ds dre lgasec my tge pdrtkes ds dppfkldmfe ta tge sumstdcle ah tge ikspute. Dcy ieskjcdtkac ah tge fdw ar fejdf systeo ah d jkvec stdte sgdff me lacstruei, ucfess atgerwkse expressei, ikreltfy reherrkcj ta tge sumstdctkve fdw ah tgdtds stdte dci cat ta kts lacklt ah fdws rufes. M. Hdkfkcj dcy ieskjcdtkac my tge pdrtkes, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff dppfy tge fdw ieterokcei my tge lacklt ah fdws rufes, wgklg kt lacskiers dppfkldmfe. L. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff ielkie ex dequa et maca ar ds dokdmfe laopaskteur acfy kh tge pdrtkes gdve expressfy dutgarkzei kt ta ia sa. I. Kc dff ldses, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff ielkie kc dllaridcle wktg tge teros ah tge lactrdlt dci sgdff tdne kcta dllauct tge usdjes ah tge trdie dppfkldmfe ta tge trdcsdltkac. 97 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Ielkskac-Odnkcj my Rdcef ah Drmktrdtars Kc drmktrdf praleeikcjs wktg oare tgdc ace drmktrdtar, dcy ielkskac ah tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff me odie, ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, my d odàrkty ah dff kts oeomers. Gawever, questkacs ah praleiure ody me ielkiei my d preskikcj drmktrdtar, kh sa dutgarkzei my tge pdrtkes ar dff oeomers ah tge drmktrdf trkmucdf. \ettfeoect Kh, iurkcj drmktrdf praleeikcjs, tge pdrtkes settfe tge ikspute, tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff terokcdte tge praleeikcjs dci, kh requestei my tge pdrtkes dci cat amèltei ta my tge drmktrdf trkmucdf, relari tge settfeoect kc tge haro ah dc drmktrdf dwdri ac djreei teros. Dc dwdri ac djreei teros sgdff me odie kc dllaridcle wktg tge pravkskacs ah Haro dci Lactects ah Dwdri dci sgdff stdte tgdt kt ks dc dwdri. \ulg dc dwdri gds tge sdoe stdtus dci ehhelt ds dcy atger dwdri ac tge oerkts ah tge ldse. Haro dci Lactects ah Dwdri    Yge dwdri sgdff me odie kc wrktkcj dci sgdff me skjcei my tge drmktrdtar ar drmktrdtars. Kc drmktrdf praleeikcjs wktg oare tgdc ace drmktrdtar, tge skjcdtures ah tge odàrkty ah dff oeomers ah tge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff suhle, pravkiei tgdt tge redsac har dcy aokttei skjcdture ks stdtei. Yge dwdri dwd ri sgdff stdte tge redsacs upac wgklg kt ks mdsei, ucfess tge pdrtkes gdve djreei tgdt ca redsacs dre ta me jkvec ar tge dwdri ks dc dwdri ac djreei teros ucier tge pravkskacs ah Rfdle ah Drmktrdtkac. Yge dwdri sgdff stdte kts idte dci tge pfdle ah drmktrdtkac. Yge dwdri sgdff me ieeoei ta gdve meec odie dt tgdt pfdle. 9; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY  Dhter tge dwdri ks odie, d lapy skjcei my tge drmktrdtars sgdff me iefkverei ta edlg pdrty. Yerokcdtkac ah Rraleeikcjs Yge drmktrdf praleeikcjs dre terokcdtei my tge cdf dwdri ar my dc arier ah tge drmktrdf trkmucdf. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf sgdff kssuewgec0 dc arier har tge terokcdtkac ah tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs  Yge lfdkodct wktgirdws gks/ger/kts lfdko, ucfess tge respaciect amèlts tgereta dci tge drmktrdf trkmucdf relajckzei d fejktkodte kcterest ac gks/ ger/kts pdrt kc amtdkckcj d cdf settfeoect ah tge ikspute>  Yge pdrtkes djree ac tge terokcdtkac ah tge praleeikcjs>  Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf cis tgdt tge lactkcudtkac ah tge praleeikcjs gds har dcy atger redsac melaoe uccelessdry ar kopasskmfe. Larreltkac dci Kcterpretdtkac ah Dwdri, Diiktkacdf Dwdri D. Zktgkc tgkrty (<2) idys hrao relekpt ah tge dwdri, ucfess dcatger perkai ah tkoe gds meec djreei upac my tge pdrtkes0  D pdrty ody, wktg catkle ta tge atger pdrty, request tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ta larrelt kc tge dwdri dcy errars kc laoputdtkac, dcy lferkldf ar typajrdpgkldf errars ar dcy errars ah skokfdr cdture>  D pdrty ody, kh sa djreei my tge pdrtkes dci wktg catkle ta tge atger pdrty, request tge drmktrdf trkmucdf ta jkve dc kcterpretdtkac ah d spelkl pakct ar pdrt ah tge dwdri. M. Kh tge drmktrdf trkmucdf lacskiers tge request ta me ùstkei, kt sgdff odne tge larreltkac ar jkve tge kcterpretdtkac wktgkc tgkrty (<2) idys hrao relekpt 52 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ah tge request. Yge kcterpretdtkac sgdff haro pdrt ah tge dwdri. L. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody larrelt dcy errar ah tge type ac kts awc kcktkdtkve wktgkc tgkrty (<2) idys hrao tge idte ah tge dwdri. I. Ucfess atgerwkse djreei my tge pdrtkes, d pdrty ody, wktg catkle ta tge atger pdrty, request, wktgkc tgkrty (<2) ta idys ah relekpt ah tge dwdri, drmktrdf trkmucdf odne dc diiktkacdf dwdritge ds ta lfdkos presectei kc tge drmktrdf praleeikcjs mut aokttei hrao tge dwdri. Kh tge drmktrdf trkmucdf lacskiers tge request ta me ùstkei, kt sgdff odne od ne tge diiktkacdf dwdri wktgkc skxty (82) idys. E. Yge drmktrdf trkmucdf ody exteci, kh celessdry, tge perkai ah tkoe wktgkc wgklg kt sgdff odne d larreltkac, kcterpretdtkac ar dc diiktkacdf dwdri. H. Yge pravkskacs ah Haro dci Lactects ah Dwdri sgdff dppfy ta d larreltkac ar kcterpretdtkac ah tge dwdri ar ta dc diiktkacdf dwdri. *** 54 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY DOKLDMFE \EYYFEOECY AH IK\RUYE\ Rrefkokcdrkes Ndtdrucjdcj Rdomdrdcjdy, ar tge Mdrdcjdy @ustkle \ysteo ks d faldf ùstkle systeo kc tge Rgkfkppkces. Kt ks aperdtei my tge sodffest ah tge faldf javercoect uckts, tge mdrdcjdy, dci ks averseec my tge mdrdcjdy ldptdkc, tge gkjgest efeltei ahlkdf ah tge mdrdcjdy dci kts exelutkve. Yge mdrdcjdy ldptdkc skts ac tge Fupacj Ydjdpdodydpd dfacj wktg atger mdrdcjdy reskiects, wgklg ks tge laookttee tgdt ielkies iksputes dci atger odtters. Ygey ia cat lacstktute d laurt ds tgey ia cat gdve ùiklkdf pawers. Yge systeo exksts ta gefp ielacjest tge rejufdr laurts dci warns oastfy ds ‖dftercdtkve, laooucktymdsei oelgdckso har ikspute resafutkac ah lacklts,‟ dfsa ieslrkmei ds d ‖laopufsary oeikdtkac praless dt tge vkffdje fevef.‟ Ygraujgaut tge Rgkfkppkces tge Mdrdcjdy @ustkle \ysteos gdcifes tgausdcis ah ldses d yedr. \kcle ahlkdfs exkmkfkty ielkskac-odnkcj, kclfuikcj gdve hrao oare laopfex evkieclekc rufes, dci relekve saoe resaurles hrao javercoect, tge laurts dre oare cuoeraus dci dllesskmfe tgdc atger laurts dci tgerehare tge laurts dre dmfe ta gedr oare ldses dci ta respaci oare kooeikdtefy. Gkstary Ygere gds facj meec d trdiktkacdf, faldf systeo ah resafvkcj iksputes. Rreskiectkdf Ielree 4527 tdfns dc ucahlkdf ‖tkoe-gacarei trdiktkac ah dokldmfy settfkcj iksputes doacj hdokfy dci mdrdcjdy oeomers dt tge mdrdcjdy fevef wktgaut ùiklkdf resaurles‟. Dfhreia Hfares Ydikdr wds tge prkclkpdf dutgar ah Rreskiectkdf Ielree 4527, Yge Ndtdrucjdcj Rdomdrdcjdy Fdw, dci ge dfsa wrate kts kopfeoectkcj rufes, requkrkcj prkar laclkfkdtkac ds d laciktkac har 5= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ùiklkdf relaurse. Har 4= yedrs (4;72“4;;=), ge wds d oeomer ah tge Laookttee ah Lacsuftdcts, Muredu ah Faldf Javercoect \upervkskac, wgklg aversdw tge cdtkacwkie aperdtkacs ah tge Ndtdrucjdcj Rdomdrdcjdy Fdw. Ucier tge ielree, tge maiy wds ncawc ds Fupacj Ydjdpdydpd. Ygks ielree wds repfdlei my tge Faldf Javercoect Laie ah 4;;4. Yge Ndtdrucjdcj Rdomdrdcjdy sgdre lgdrdlterkstkls wktg skokfdr trdiktkacdf, gymrki laurts kc atger lauctrkes sulg ds tge \afaoac Ksfdcis, Rdpud Cew Jukced, Ckjerkd dci \autg Dhrkld, doacj atgers. \ulg laurts eoerjei iurkcj lafackdf perkais ds Zesterc koperkdf pawers kctraiulei westerc fejdf systeos. Yge Zesterc fejdf systeos were usudffy dppfkei ta westercers wgkfe tge faldf ikspute resafutkac systeos were kctejrdtei kcta tge Zesterc systeo kc d vdrkety ah wdys kclfuikcj kclarpardtkac ah faldf ielkskac odners kcta tge javercoect kc saoe wdy. Dhter kciepeciecle, odcy stdtes hdlei tge sdoe pramfeos ds tgekr haroer rufers, espelkdffy ‖fkoktei jeajrdpgkldf redlg ah stdte kcstktutkacs, Zestercoaiefei kcstktutkacs ahtec ikvarlei hrao laoouckty strultures dci expeltdtkacs, dci resaurle lacstrdkcts kc tge ùstkle seltar.‟ Gymrki laurts meldoe d ‖okiife jrauci har suppartkcj laoouckty ielkskac-odnkcj wgkfe skouftdceausfy expdcikcj tge dutgarkty dci redlg ah tge stdte.‟ Meskies ‖gymrki laurts‟, atger dutgars gdve ieslrkmei tge systeo ds d ‖Cac-\tdte @ustkle \ysteo‟. Avervkew ac tge Aperdtkacs, ]ufes dci Rraleiures Yge Fupacj Ydjdpdodydpd ks tge maiy tgdt laoprkses tge mdrdcjdy ùstkle systeo dci ac kt skt tge mdrdcjdy ldptdkc dci 42 ta =2 oeomers. Yge maiy ks carodffy lacstktutei every tgree yedrs dci gafis ahle uctkf d cew maiy ks lacstktutei kc tge tgkri yedr. Ygey relekve ca laopecsdtkac exlept gacardrkd, dffawdcles dci atger eoafuoects ds dutgarkzei my fdw ar mdrdcjdy, oucklkpdf ar lkty arikcdcle. 5< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Dfoast dff lkvkf iksputes dci odcy lrkoes wktg patectkdf prksac sectecles ah ace yedr ar fess ar ces 5,222 ar fess. Rgkfkppkce pesas dre sumèltei ta tge systeo. Kc mdrdcjdys wgere d odàrkty ah oeomers mefacj ta dc kcikjecaus peapfe ah tge Rgkfkppkces, trdiktkacdf ikspute oelgdcksos sulg ds d lauclkf ah efiers ody repfdle tge mdrdcjdy ùiklkdf systeo. Upac relekpt tge laopfdkct, tgeldptdkc, lgdkrodc ta tge laookttee, oastahahtec tge mdrdcjdy sgdff tge cext warnkcj idy kcharo tge pdrtkes ah d oeetkcj har oeikdtkac. Kh dhter 45 idys har tge rst oeetkcj, tge oeikdtkac ks cat sullesshuf tgec d oare harodf praless kcvafvkcj tge pdcjndt ar maiy oust me haffawei. Ygere ks dcatger 45-idy perkai ta resafve tge ikspute tgraujg tgks oare harodf praless, extecidmfe my tge pdcjndt har yet dcatger 45-idy perkai. Kh cat settfeoect gds meec redlgei, tgec d ldse ldc me fei kc tge rejufdr ùiklkdf systeo ah tge Rgkfkppkces. YGE NDYD]UCJDCJ RDOMD]DCJD[ (Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 4527 repedfei my ].D. :482) Laclept ah Mdrdcjdy dci Fupacj Ydjdpdodydpd Mdrdcjdy rehers cat acfy ta mdrrkas wgklg were ielfdrei mdrdcjdys my vkrtue ah Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 55: mut dfsa ta mdrdcjdys atgerwkse ncawc ds lktkzecs dsseomfkes pursudct ta Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 78. Mdrdcjdy Ldptdkc rehers ta tge Mdrdcjdy Ldptdkcs ah tge mdrrkas wgklg ielfdrei mdrdcjdy my vkrtue ah Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 55: dci ta tge Lgdkroec ah mdrdcjdys atgerwkse ncawc ds lktkzecs dsseomfkes pursudct ta Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 78. 59 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Yge Fupacj Ydjdpdodydpd Yge Fupacj Ydjdpdodydpd sgdff me laopasei ah tge Rucacj mdrdcjdy ds Lgdkrodc dci tec (42) ta twecty (=2) oeomers. Yge fupac sgdff me lacstktutei every tgree (<) yedrs. Dcy persac dltudffy reskikcj ar warnkcj kc tge mdrdcjdy, cat atgerwkse expressfy iksqudfkei my fdw, dci passesskcj kctejrkty, kopdrtkdfkty, kciepeciecle ah okci, secse ah hdkrcess, dci reputdtkac har pramkty, ody me dppakctei ds oeomer ah tge fupac. D catkle ta lacstktute tge fupac, wgklg sgdff kclfuie tge cdoes ah prapasei oeomers wga gdve expressei tgekr wkffkcjcess ta serve, sgdff me prepdrei my tge pucacj mdrdcjdy wktgkc tge rst hteec (45) idys hrao tge stdrt ah gks tero ah ahle. \ulg catkle sgdff me pastei kc tgree (<) lacspkluaus pfdles kc tge mdrdcjdy lactkcuausfy har d perkai ah cat fess tgdc tgree (<) weens> Yge Rucacj mdrdcjdy, tdnkcj kcta lacskierdtkac dcy appasktkac ta tge prapasei dppakctoect ar dcy relaooecidtkacs har dppakctoect ds ody gdve meec odie wktgkc tge perkai ah pastkcj, sgdff wktgkc tec (42) idys tgeredhter, dppakct ds oeomers tgase wgao ge ieterokces ta me suktdmfe tgerehar. Dppakctoects sgdff me kc wrktkcj, skjcei my tge Rucacj mdrdcjdy, dci dttestei ta my tge mdrdcjdy selretdry. Yge fkst ah dppakctei oeomers sgdff me pastei kc tgree (<) lacspkluaus pfdles kc tge mdrdcjdy har tge ectkre iurdtkac ah tgekr tero ah ahle> dci Kc mdrdcjdys wgere odàrkty ah tge kcgdmktdcts dre oeomers ah kcikjecaus lufturdf laooucktkes, faldf systeos ah settfkcj iksputes tgraujg tgekr lauclkfs ah Idtus ar efiers sgdff me relajckzei wktgaut preùikle ta tge dppfkldmfe pravkskacs ah tge Laie. 55 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Hucltkacs ah tge Fupac    Exerlkse diokckstrdtkve supervkskac aver tge laclkfkdtkac pdcefs pravkiei gerekc> Oeet rejufdrfy acle d oactg ta pravkie d haruo har exlgdcje ah kieds doacj kts oeomers dci tge pumfkl ac odtters refevdct ta tge dokldmfe settfeoect ah iksputes, dci ta ecdmfe vdrkaus laclkfkdtkac pdcef oeomers ta sgdre wktg ace dcatger tgekr amservdtkacs dci experkecles kc ehheltkcj speeiy resafutkac ah iksputes> dci Exerlkse sulg atger pawers dci perharo sulg atger iutkes dci hucltkacs ds ody me preslrkmei my fdw ar arikcdcle. Adtg dci Yero ah Ahle Upac dppakctoect, edlg fupac oeomer sgdff tdne dc adtg ah ahle mehare tge Rucacj mdrdcjdy. Ge sgdff gafi ahle uctkf d cew fupac ks lacstktutei ac tge tgkri yedr haffawkcj gks dppakctoect ucfess saacer terokcdtei my reskjcdtkac, trdcsher ah reskiecle ar pfdle ah warn, ar wktgirdwdf ah dppakctoect my tge Rucacj mdrdcjdy wktg tge laclurrecle ah tge odàrkty od àrkty ah dff tge oeomers ah tge fupac. Xdldclkes \gaufi d vdldcly allur kc tge fupac har dcy lduse, tge Rucacj mdrdcjdy sgdff kooeikdtefy dppakct d qudfkei persac wga sgdff gafi ahle acfy har tge ucexpkrei partkac ah tge tero. \elretdry ah tge Fupac dci tge Rdcjndt cj Ydjdpdjndsucia Yge Mdrdcjdy \elretdry sgdff laclurrectfy serve ds tge selretdry ah tge fupac. Ge/\ge sgdff relari tge resufts ah oeikdtkac praleeikcjs mehare tge Rucacj mdrdcjdy dci sgdff sumokt d repart tgereac ta tge praper 58 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY lkty ar oucklkpdf laurts. Ge/\ge sgdff dfsa relekve dci neep tge relaris ah praleeikcjs sumokttei ta gko my tge vdrkaus laclkfkdtkac pdcefs. Rdcjndt cj Ydjdpdjndsucia ks d lacstktutei maiy har edlg ikspute mraujgt mehare tge fupac wgklg serves ds d laclkfkdtkac pdcef lacskstkcj ah tgree (<) oeomers wga sgdff me lgasec my tge pdrtkes ta tge ikspute hrao tge fkst ah oeomers ah tge fupac. \gaufi tge pdrtkes hdkf ta djree ac tge pdcjndt oeomersgkp, tge sdoe sgdff me ieterokcei my fats irdwc my tge fupac lgdkrodc. Yge tgree (<) oeomers lacstktutkcj tge pdcjndt sgdff efelt hrao doacj tgeosefves tge lgdkrodc dci tge selretdry. Yge selretdry sgdff prepdre tge okcutes ah tge pdcjndt praleeikcjs dci sumokt d lapy iufy dttestei ta my tge lgdkrodc ta tge fupac selretdry dci ta tge praper lkty ar oucklkpdf laurt. Ge sgdff kssue dci lduse ta me servei catkles ta tge pdrtkes laclercei. Yge fupac selretdry sgdff kssue lertkei true lapkes ah dcy pumfkl relari kc gks lustaiy tgdt ks cat my fdw atgerwkse ielfdrei laciectkdf. Xdldclkes kc tge Rdcjndt Dcy vdldcly kc tge Rdcjndt sgdff me lgasec my tge pdrtkes ta tge ikspute hrao doacj tge atger fupac oeomers. \gaufi tge pdrtkes hdkf ta djree ac d laooac lgakle, tge vdldcly sgdff me ffei my fat ta me irdwc my tge fupac lgdkrodc. Lgdrdlter ah Ahle dci \ervkle ah Fupac Oeomers Yge fupac oeomers, wgkfe kc tge perharodcle ah tgekr ahlkdf iutkes ar ac tge alldskac tgereah, sgdff me ieeoei ds persacs kc dutgarkty, ds iecei kc tge ]evksei Recdf Laie. Yge Fupac ar Rdcjndt oeomers sgdff serve wktgaut laopecsdtkac, exlept ds pravkiei ucier 5: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY tge Laie. Yge Iepdrtoect ah tge Kcterkar dci Faldf Javercoect sgdff pravkie har d systeo ah jrdctkcj elacaokl ar atger kclectkves ta tge fupac ar pdcjndt oeomers wga diequdtefy ieoacstrdte tge dmkfkty ta ùiklkausfy dci expeiktkausfy resafve ldses reherrei ta tgeo. Zgkfe kc tge perharodcle ah tgekr iutkes, tge fupac ar pdcjndt oeomers, wgetger kc pumfkl ar prkvdte eopfayoect, sgdff me ieeoei ta me ac ahlkdf tkoe, dci sgdff cat suhher hrao dcy ikokcutkac kc laopecsdtkac ar dffawdcle hrao sdki eopfayoect my redsac tgereah. Fejdf Divkle ac Odtters Kcvafvkcj Tuestkacs ah Fdw Yge pravkclkdf, lkty fejdf ahler ar praselutar ar tge oucklkpdf fejdf ahler sgdff recier fejdf divkle ac odtters kcvafvkcj questkacs ah fdw ta tge pucacj mdrdcjdy ar dcy fupac ar pdcjndt oeomer wgecever celessdry kc tge exerlkse ah gks hucltkacs kc tge diokckstrdtkac ah tge ndtdrucjdcj pdomdrdcjdy. Yge \umèlt Odtter har Dokldmfe \ettfeoect Yge fupac ah edlg mdrdcjdy sgdff gdve dutgarkty ta mrkcj tajetger tge pdrtkes dltudffy reskikcj kc tge sdoe lkty ar oucklkpdfkty har dokldmfe settfeoect ah dff iksputes exlept0 d. Zgere ace pdrty ks tge javercoect, ar dcy sumikvkskac ar kcstruoectdfkty tgereah> m. Zgere ace pdrty ks d pumfkl ahler ar eopfayee, dci tge ikspute refdtes ta tge perharodcle ah gks ahlkdf hucltkacs> l. Ahhecses pucksgdmfe my koprksacoect exleeikcj ace (4) yedr ar d ce exleeikcj Hkve tgausdci pesas (R5,222.22)> i. Ahhecses wgere tgere ks ca prkvdte ahheciei pdrty> e. Zgere tge ikspute kcvafves redf prapertkes faldtei kc ikhherect lktkes ar oucklkpdfktkes ucfess tge pdrtkes tgereta djree ta sumokt tgekr ikhherecles ta dokldmfe settfeoect my dc dppraprkdte fupac> 57 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Iksputes kcvafvkcj pdrtkes wga dltudffy reskie kc mdrdcjdys ah ikhherect lktkes ar oucklkpdfktkes, exlept wgere sulg mdrdcjdy uckts diàkc edlg atger, dci tge pdrtkes tgereta djree ta sumokt tgekr ikhherecles ta dokldmfe settfeoect my dc dppraprkdte fupac> j. \ulg atger lfdsses ah iksputes wgklg tge Rreskiect ody ieterokce kc tge kcterest ah ùstkle ar upac tge relaooecidtkac ah tge \elretdry ah @ustkle. h. Yge laurt kc wgklg cac-lrkokcdf ldses cat hdffkcj wktgkc tge dutgarkty ah tge fupac ucier tge Laie dre fei ody, dt dcy tkoe mehare trkdf, oatu praprka reher tge ldse ta tge fupac laclercei har dokldmfe settfeoect. Xecue d. Iksputes metweec persacs dltudffy reskikcj kc tge sdoe mdrdcjdy sgdff me mraujgt har dokldmfe settfeoect mehare tge fupac ah sdki mdrdcjdy. mdrdc jdy. m. Ygase kcvafvkcj dltudf reskiects ah ikhherect mdrdcjdys wktgkc tge sdoe lkty ar oucklkpdfkty sgdff me mraujgt kc tge mdrdcjdy wgere tge respaciect ar dcy ah tge respaciects dltudffy reskies, dt tge efeltkac ah tge laopfdkcdct. l. Dff iksputes kcvafvkcj redf praperty, ar dcy kcterest tgerekc sgdff me mraujgt kc tge mdrdcjdy wgere tge redf praperty ar tge fdrjer partkac tgereah ks sktudtei. i. Ygase drkskcj dt tge warnpfdle wgere tge lactecikcj pdrtkes dre eopfayei ar dt tge kcstktutkac wgere sulg pdrtkes dre ecraffei har stuiy, sgdff me mraujgt kc tge mdrdcjdy wgere sulg warnpfdle ar kcstktutkac ks faldtei. Amèltkacs ta vecue sgdff me rdksei kc tge oeikdtkac praleeikcjs mehare tge Rucacj atgerwkse, tge sdoe sgdff me ieeoei wdkvei.mdrdcjdy> Dcy fejdf questkac wgklg ody lachract tge Rucacj mdrdcjdy kc resafvkcj amèltkacs ta vecue gerekc reherrei ta ody me sumokttei ta tge \elretdry ah @ustkle ar gks iufy 5; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ieskjcdtei represectdtkve, wgase rufkcj tgereac sgdff me mkcikcj. Rraleiure har Dokldmfe \ettfeoect Kcktkdtkac ah praleeikcj Upacwga pdyoect tge dppraprkdte fkcj hee, dcy kcikvkiudf gds d ah lduse ah dltkac djdkcst dcatger kcikvkiudf kcvafvkcj dcy odtter wktgkc tge dutgarkty ah tge fupac ody laopfdkc, ardffy ar kc wrktkcj, ta tge fupac lgdkrodc ah tge mdrdcjdy. Oeikdtkac my Fupac Lgdkrodc Upac relekpt ah tge laopfdkct, tge fupac lgdkrodc sgdff, wktgkc tge cext warnkcj idy, suooac tge respaciect(s), wktg catkle ta tge laopfdkcdct(s) har tgeo dci tgekr wktcesses ta dppedr mehare gko har d oeikdtkac ah tgekr lackltkcj kcterests. Kh ge hdkfs kc gks oeikdtkac ehhart wktgkc hteec (45) idys hrao tge rst oeetkcj tgelacstktutkac pdrtkes mehare gko,pdcjndt ge sgdffkchartgwktg set d idte harahtge ah tge dllaridcle wktg tge pravkskacs ah tgks Lgdpter. \uspecskac ah Rreslrkptkve Rerkai ah Ahhecses Zgkfe tge ikspute ks ucier oeikdtkac, laclkfkdtkac, ar drmktrdtkac, tge preslrkptkve perkais har ahhecses dci lduse ah dltkac ucier exkstkcj fdws sgdff me kcterruptei upac fkcj ah tge laopfdkct wktg tge pucacj mdrdcjdy. Yge preslrkptkve perkais sgdff resuoe upac relekpt my tge laopfdkcdct ah tge laopfdkct ar tge lertkldte ah repuikdtkac ar ah tge lertkldtkac ta fe dltkac kssuei my tge fupac ar pdcjndt selretdry0 Rravkiei, gawever, tgdt sulg kcterruptkac sgdff cat exleei skxty (82) idys hrao tge fkcj ah tge laopfdkct wktg tge pucacj mdrdcjdy. 82 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Kssudcle ah \uooacs> Iksqudfkldtkac Gedrkcj> Jraucis har Yge pdcjndt sgdff lacvece cat fdter tgdc tgree (<) idys hrao kts lacstktutkac, ac tge idy dci gaur set my tge fupac lgdkrodc, ta gedr matg pdrtkes dci tgekr wktcesses, skopfkhy kssues, dci expfare dff passkmkfktkes har dokldmfe settfeoect. Har tgks purpase, tge pdcjndt ody kssue tge persacdf pdrtkes dcisuooacs wktcesseshar mehare kt. Kc tgedppedrdcle evect tgdt ah d pdrty oaves ta iksqudfkhy dcy oeomer ah tge pdcjndt my redsac ah refdtkacsgkp, mkds, kcterest, ar dcy atger skokfdr jraucis ikslaverei dhter tge lacstktutkac ah tge pdcjndt, tge odtter sgdff me resafvei my tge dhrodtkve vate ah tge odàrkty ah tge pdcjndt wgase ielkskac sgdff me cdf. \gaufi iksqudfkldtkac me ielkiei upac, tge resuftkcj vdldcly sgdff me ffei. Rerkai ta drrkve dt d \ettfeoect Yge pdcjndt sgdff drrkve dt d settfeoect ar resafutkac ah tge ikspute wktgkc hteec (45) idys hrao tge kt lacveces kc dllaridcle wktg seltkac. Ygksidy perkai sgdff, dt tge ikslretkac ah tge tgks pdcjndt, me extecikmfe har dcatger perkai wgklg sgdff cat exleei hteec (45) idys, exlept kc lfedrfy oerktarkaus ldses. Haro ah \ettfeoect Dff dokldmfe settfeoects sgdff me kc wrktkcj, kc d fdcjudje ar ikdfelt ncawc ta tge pdrtkes, skjcei my tgeo, dci dttestei ta my tge fupac lgdkrodc ar tge pdcjndt lgdkrodc, ds tge ldse ody me. Zgec tge pdrtkes ta tge ikspute ia cat use tge sdoe fdcjudje ar ikdfelt, tge settfeoect sgdff me wrkttec kc tge fdcjudje ncawc ta tgeo. 84 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Laclkfkdtkac d. Rre-laciktkac ta Hkfkcj ah Laopfdkct kc Laurt Ca laopfdkct, petktkac, dltkac, ar praleeikcj kcvafvkcj dcy odtter wktgkc tge dutgarkty ah tge fupac sgdff me fei ar kcstktutei ikreltfy kc laurt ar dcy atger javercoect ahle har diùikldtkac, ucfess tgere gds meec d lachractdtkac metweec tge pdrtkes mehare tge fupac lgdkrodc ar tge gds pdc jndt, pdcjndt, dci tgdt ca laclkfkdtkac ar settfeoect meec redlgei ds lertkei my tge fupac selretdry ar pdcjndt selretdry ds dttestei ta my tge fupac ar pdcjndt lgdkrodc ar ucfess tge settfeoect gds meec repuikdtei my tge pdrtkes tgereta. m. Zgere Rdrtkes Ody Ja Ikreltfy ta Laurt Yge pdrtkes ody ja ikreltfy ta laurt kc tge haffawkcj kcstdcles0 4. Zgere tge dllusei ks ucier ietectkac> =. Zgere d persac gds atgerwkse meec ieprkvei ah persacdf fkmerty ldffkcj har gdmeds larpus praleeikcjs> <. Zgere dltkacs dre laupfei wktg pravkskacdf reoeikes sulg ds prefkokcdry kcùcltkac, dttdlgoect, iefkvery ah persacdf praperty dci suppart peciecte fkte> dci 9. Zgere tge dltkac ody atgerwkse me mdrrei my tge stdtute ah fkoktdtkacs. l. Laclkfkdtkac Doacj Oeomers ah Kcikjecaus Lufturdf Laooucktkes Yge lustaos dci trdiktkacs ah kcikjecaus lufturdf laooucktkes sgdff me dppfkei kc settfkcj iksputes metweec oeomers ah tge lufturdf laooucktkes. 8= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Drmktrdtkac   Yge pdrtkes ody, dt dcy stdje ah tge praleeikcjs, djree kc wrktkcj tgdt tgey sgdff dmkie my tge drmktrdtkac dwdri ah tge fupac lgdkrodc ar tge pdcjndt. \ulg djreeoect ta drmktrdte ody me repuikdtei wktgkc ve (5) idys hrao tge idte tgereah har tge sdoe jraucis dci kc dllaridcle wktg tge praleiure gerekcdhter Yge drmktrdtkac dwdri sgdff me odiepreslrkmei. dhter tge fdpse ah tge perkai har repuikdtkac dci wktgkc tec (42) idys tgeredhter. Yge drmktrdtkac dwdri sgdff me kc wrktkcj kc d fdcjudje ar ikdfelt ncawc ta tge pdrtkes. Zgec tge pdrtkes ta tge ikspute ia cat use tge sdoe fdcjudje ar ikdfelt, tge dwdri sgdff me wrkttec kc tge fdcjudje ar ikdfelt ncawc ta tgeo. Exleptkacs ac tge Rraleeikcjs Apec ta tge Rumfkl Dff praleeikcjs har settfeoect sgdff me pumfkl dci kcharodf0 Rravkiei, gawever, Ygdt tge fupac lgdkrodc ar tge pdcjndt lgdkrodc, ds tge ldse ody me, ody oatu praprka ar upac request ah d pdrty, exlfuie tge pumfkl hrao tge praleeikcjs kc tge kcterest ah prkvdly, ielecly, ar pumfkl oardfs. Dppedrdcle ah Rdrtkes kc Rersac Kc dff ndtdrucjdcj pdomdrdcjdy praleeikcjs, tge pdrtkes oust dppedr kc persac wktgaut tge dsskstdcle ah laucsef ar represectdtkve, exlept har okcars dci kclaopetects wga ody me dsskstei my tgekr cext-ah-nkc wga dre cat fdwyers. 8< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Ehhelt ah Dokldmfe \ettfeoect dci Drmktrdtkac Dwdri Yge dokldmfe settfeoect dci drmktrdtkac dwdri sgdff gdve tge harle dci ehhelt ah d cdf ùijoect ah d laurt upac tge expkrdtkac ah tec (42) idys hrao tge idte tgereah, ucfess repuikdtkac ah tge settfeoect gds meec odie ar d petktkac ta cuffkhy tge dwdri gds meec fei mehare tge praper lkty ar oucklkpdf laurt. Gawever, tgks pravkskac sgdff cat dppfy ta laurt ldses settfei my tge fupac ucier tge fdst pdrdjrdpg ah \eltkac 927 ah tge Laie, kc wgklg ldse tge laopraokse settfeoect djreei upac my tge pdrtkes mehare tge fupac lgdkrodc ar tge pdcjndt lgdkrodc sgdff me sumokttei ta tge laurt dci upac dppravdf tgereah, gdve tge harle dci ehhelt ah d ùijoect ah sdki laurt. Exelutkac Yge dokldmfe settfeoect ar drmktrdtkac dwdri ody me echarlei my exelutkac my tge fupac wktgkc skx (8) oactgs hrao tge idte ah tge settfeoect. Dhter tge fdpse ah sulg tkoe, tge settfeoect ody me echarlei my dltkac kc tge dppraprkdte lkty ar oucklkpdf laurt. ]epuikdtkac Dcy pdrty ta tge ikspute ody, wktgkc tec (42) idys hrao tge idte ah tge settfeoect, repuikdte tge sdoe my fkcj wktg tge fupac lgdkrodc d stdteoect ta tgdt ehhelt swarc ta mehare gko, wgere tge lacsect ks vktkdtei my hrdui, vkafecle, ar kctkokidtkac. \ulg repuikdtkac sgdff me suhlkect mdsks har tge kssudcle ah tge lertkldtkac har fkcj d laopfdkct ds gerekcdmave pravkiei. Yrdcsokttdf ah \ettfeoect dci Drmktrdtkac Dwdri ta tge Laurt Yge selretdry ah tge fupac sgdff trdcsokt tge settfeoect ar tge drmktrdtkac dwdri ta tge dppraprkdte 89 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY lkty ar oucklkpdf laurt wktgkc ve (5) idys hrao tge idte ah tge dwdri ar hrao tge fdpse ah tge tec-idy perkai repuikdtkcj tge settfeoect dci sgdff hurcksg lapkes tgereah ta edlg ah tge pdrtkes ta tge settfeoect dci tge fupac lgdkrodc. Rawer ta Diokckster Adtgs Yge pucacj mdrdcjdy, ds lgdkrodc ah tge fupacj tdjdpdodydpd, dci tge oeomers ah tge pdcjndt dre geremy dutgarkzei ta diokckster adtgs kc lacceltkac wktg dcy odtter refdtkcj ta dff praleeikcjs kc tge kopfeoectdtkac ah tge ndtdrucjdcj pdomdrdcjdy. Diokckstrdtkac dci Dppraprkdtkacs Yge lkty ar oucklkpdf odyar, ds tge ldse ody me, sgdff see ta tge ehlkect dci ehheltkve kopfeoectdtkac dci diokckstrdtkac ah tge ndtdrucjdcj pdomdrdcjdy. Yge \elretdry ah @ustkle @ustkle sgdff praoufjdte tge rufes dci rejufdtkacs celessdry ta kopfeoect tgks Lgdpter. \ulg doauct ds ody me celessdry har tge ehheltkve kopfeoectdtkac ah tge ndtdrucjdcj pdomdrdcjdy sgdff me pravkiei har kc tge dccudf muijet ah tge lkty ar oucklkpdfkty laclercei. *** 85 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY \UOODYKXE EXDFUDYKAC RD]Y K “ IEHKCKYKAC0 Iece tge haffawkcj. 4. Laclkfkdtkac QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ =. Drmktrdtkac QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ <. ]epuikdtkac QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 9. Lacklt ]esafutkac QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 5. Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 88 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY RD]Y KK “ E\\D[ DCI ECUOE]DYKAC0 Kc d lfedc sgeet ah pdper, dcswer wgdt ks dsnei mefaw0 4. Zgdt dre tge haros ah settfeoect odcidtei ucier tge dokldmfe settfeoect dt tge Mdrdcjdy fevef1 =. Zgdt dre tge hucltkacs ah tge ADI] dci tge Fupacj Ydjdpdodydpd1 <. Gaw iaes kctercdtkacdf drmktrdtkac ikhher hrao iaoestkl drmktrdtkac kc refdtkac ta tge rufes ah Dftercdtkve Ikspute ]esafutkac \ysteo1 wg ere tge pdrtkes 9. Zgdt dre tge ikhherect kcstdcles wgere ody ja ikreltfy ta Laurt1 5. Ieslrkme tge lgdrdlter ah ahle dci servkle ah tge Fupac oeomers1 8: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY 87 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY RD]Y KK L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY DCI YGE KCLKIECY LAOODCI \[\YEO Fedrckcj Amèltkves Dt tge eci ah tgks pdrt, tge stuiects sgaufi me dmfe ta laopfy wktg tge haffawkcj0 4. Laopregeci tge laclept ah Lrksks Odcdjeoect dci kiectkhy kts pgdses dci praleiures. =. Dppfy tge praleiures ac pfdcckcj dci prepdrdtkac, ds weff ds cejdtkac praleiures kc gastdje sktudtkac. <. Kiectkhy tge praleiures kc dppfykcj tge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo. 9. Iksluss tge prkclkpfes dci odcdjeoect lgdrdlterkstkls ah KL\. 5. Dppfy tge praleiures ac Yrdcsher ah Laoodci, Ieoamkfkzdtkac dci Lfase-aut. Yedlgkcj Oetgaiafajy 4. Felture dci Ikslusskac =. Tukzzes <. Ardf ]elktdtkac 9. Gastdje Lrksks \koufdtkac 5. \uoodry dci Heeimdlns 8; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Rrefkokcdrkes Yge wari Lrksks ks dcy evect tgdt ks jakcj (ar ks expeltei) ta fedi ta dc ucstdmfe dci idcjeraus sktudtkac dhheltkcj dc kcikvkiudf, jraup, laoouckty, ar wgafe salkety. Lrksks dre ieeoei ta me cejdtkve lgdcjes kc tge selurkty, elacaokl, pafktkldf, salketdf, ar ecvkracoectdf dhhdkrs, espelkdffy wgec tgey allur dmruptfy, wktg fkttfe ar ca wdrckcj. Oare faasefy, kt ks d tero oedckcj ‖d testkcj tkoe‟ ar dc ‖eoerjecly evect‟. Kc tgks preokse, lrksks ks d wkie vdrkety ah laclerc wgere laffeltkve ehharts oust me mucifei kc, laoprkskcj dff tge vktdf hdltars ta lacskier kc arier ta lape wktg kts cejdtkve lacsequecle. Guodc kciulei lrksks fkne gastdje tdnkcj, nkicdppkcj, maomkcj, pumfkl ieoacstrdtkacs, etl., were doacj ah tge lrksks sktudtkacs allurrkcj kc tge lauctry. Ygus, respaciers dci odcdjers ac tge jrauci dre lgdffecjei my gaw ta eci wktg oulg sulless ac tge cejatkdtkac dci aperdtkacdf praless. Ds d ldse kc pakct, we sgdff ieslrkme tge Odckfd gastdje lrksks, ahlkdffy ncawc ds tge ]kzdf Rdrn gastdjetdnkcj kclkiect, wgklg taan pfdle wgec d iksjructfei haroer RCR oeomer gk`dlnei d taurkst mus kc ]kzdf Rdrn, Odckfd, Rgkfkppkces ac Dujust =<, =242. Yge mus ldrrkei =5 peapfe0 =2 taurksts, d taur jukie hrao Gacj Nacj, dci haur faldf Hkfkpkcas. Yge gastdje tdner lfdkoei tgdt ge gdi meec uchdkrfy iksokssei hrao gks àm dci ieodciei d hdkr gedrkcj ta ieheci gkosefh. Cejatkdtkacs (wgklg were mradildst fkve ac tefevkskac dci tge kctercet) mrane iawc irdodtkldffy dmaut tec gaurs kcta tge stdci-ahh, wgec tge pafkle drrestei tge gastdje tdner‛s mratger dci tgus kclktei gko ta apec re. Haffawkcj d ;2-okcute juc mdttfe, tge gastdje tdner dci ekjgt ah tge gastdjes were nkffei dci severdf atgers kcùrei dci gdve meec wkiefy lrktklkzei my pucikts ds ‖mucjfei‟ dci ‖kclaopetect.‟ Dcatger ldse kc pakct, we okjgt lacskier wds tge \uper Yypgaac [afdcid. [afdcid, d ldtejary 5 super typgaac wktg dc kctercdtkacdf cdoe Gdkydc, struln tge :2 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Rgkfkppkces kc Caveomer 7, =24<. Yge pravkcles wgklg relekves tge mruct ah [afdcid‛s harle were tge Rravkcles ah Edsterc Xksdyds. Kc pdrtklufdr, tge pravkcles ah \dodr dci Feyte, Magaf, Lemu dci \kqukàr. Faldf javercoect uckts ldccat gefp tgekr lacstktuects melduse tgekr pgyskldf dssets were ektger iestrayei ar tge radis dci mrkijes tgraujg wgklg tgey ldc me lacveyei gdi meec swkht my aai. Dt tge mdln ah tgese gds wdrrdct tge javercoect dci prkvdte arjdckzdtkacs ta turc kcta tge reskfkect skie. Ace oast kopartdct oaveoect ks tge didptkac ah tge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo ds tge cdtkac‛s dppradlg ta gdcife dff haros ah odàr iestrultkve kclkiects mraujgt dmaut my odc-odie dci/ar cdturdf iksdster tgdt requkres d ouftk-seltardf kcvafveoect dci d wgafe-wkie ehhart kc tge respacse dci relavery praless. Ac tgks pdrt, tge tapkl kclfuies tge laclept dci ialtrkce ah lrksks odcdjeoect, pgdses dci oaiefs ah cejatkdtkac> ucierstdcikcj terrarkso, kts tdltkls, jraups dci oatkvdtkacdf lfdsskldtkacs> odcdjkcj gastdje sktudtkac, stdjes dci praleiures> kclfuikcj tge laopasktkac dci hucltkacs ah tge Ac-slece Laoodci Rast. Kc diiktkac, tge skjckldct hedtures ah tge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo dre fknewkse presectei. Ya prdltkldffy redfkze tge tdrjet autput ah tgks pdrt, kt ks gkjgfy sujjestei ta eopfay d gastdje lrksks skoufdtkac, dltkve jraup ikslusskacs, laffdmardtkve resedrlg autput ac tge dcdfysks ah gastdje lrksks experkecles kc tge lauctry> dci kiectkhy mest prdltkles refdtei ta lrksks odcdjeoect. MD\KL LACLERY\ Lrksks ks d perkai ah iksarjdckzdtkac, perkai ah upset iurkcj wgklg peapfe dtteopts dt drrkvkcj dt safutkac ah pramfeos. Kt ks d lrulkdf ar ielkskve pakct ar sktudtkac> d turckcj pakct> dc ucstdmfe laciktkac, ds kc :4 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY pafktkldf, salkdf, ar elacaokl. Kt ks d stdte pravanes wgec d persac hdles amstdlfes ar gdzdris gdz dris ta dc kopartdct fkhe jadf. Yge tero Lrksks ks ierkvei hrao tge Jreen wari ‖nrksks‟ wgklg oedcs ta sepdrdte> d turckcj pakct ielkskac kc d praless ah dc dhhdkr ar d serkes ah evects. tero Eoerjecly ks ierkvei hrao tge Fdtkc wari Yge ‖eoerjeclkd‟ wgklg oedcs ikppkcj/pfujjkcj. D suiiec laciktkac ar d stdte ah dhhdkrs ldffkcj har dc kooeikdte dltkac. Y[RE\ AH L]K\K\ a a a ODC-ODIE L]K\K\ - lkvkf iksturmdcles - strkne, rkat, ieoacstrdtkac - revaft sulg ds outkcy dci kcsurreltkac - revafutkac, marier kclkiect - wdr0 lacvectkacdf ar culfedr “ lrkoes0 nkicdppkcj, gk`dlnkcj, gastdje-tdnkcj, etl. CDYU]DF L]K\K\ - re, aais, edrtgqudne, tkidf wdves odrkce/dkr iksdster, gdzdriaus spkffs, pawer hdkfure, culfedr dllkiects wdter/haai sgartdje/sldrlkty, iraujgt-vafldckl eruptkac, epkieokl, etl. KCIKXKIUDF L]K\K\ “ Kt rehers ta tge heefkcj tgdt drkses wgec d persac hdles ucpfedsdct sktudtkac sulg ds hrustrdtkacs dci lacklts. Ygks kclfuies0 4. Rgyskldf Lrksks “ tgase tgdt dre refdtei ta gedftg pramfeos ar maikfy sklncess/suhherkcjs. =. Elacaokls Lrksks “ tge ieprkvdtkac ah tge mdskl celessktkes ah fkhe fkne haai dci odterkdf tgkcjs. <. Eoatkacdf Lrksks “ wgec dc kcikvkiudf ks dhheltei my cejdtkve heefkcjs fkne eoatkacdf iksturmdcles, hedr, etl. 9. \alkdf Lrksks “ tge experkeclkcj fdln ah kcterest, laciecle dci salkdf snkffs ta refdte := IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY oedckcjhuf, gdroackaus refdtkacsgkp wktg atgers. 5. Oardf Lrksks “ tge persac gds dc krrdtkacdf ar ikstartei laclept ah wgdt ks rkjgt ar wracj, fdln ah oardf vdfues dci kctejrkty ah tge persac. 8. Rsylgasexudf Lrksks “ hdkfure ah tge persac ta dssuoe ace‛s sex rafe dci kiectkty ds d odc ar waodc. persac gds kcdppraprkdte sex amèltkve,Yge kcdiequdte dcidc ikstartei expresskac ah dhheltkac. YGE LACLERY AH L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Lrksks odcdjeoect ks tge praper utkfkzdtkac ah dff dvdkfdmfe resaurles dci tge haroufdtkac ah pafklkes dci praleiures ta ehheltkvefy iedf wktg prajresskve sequecle ah evects (lrksks) dci suiiec ar uchareseec stdte (eoerjecly). YGE L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY IALY]KCE Yge lrksks ody stdrt ds mdskldffy pafkle ar spelkdf uckt odtter mut laufi ievefap kc prapartkac dci ikoecskac requkrkcj hurtger okfktdry aperdtkacs. Kh tge lrksks sktudtkac ks mraujgt dmaut my cdturdf ldfdoktkes, tgec kt ks diiressei my tge Cdtkacdf Iksdster ]ksn ]eiultkac Odcdjeoect Lauclkf ar CI]]OL (Haroerfy ncawc ds Cdtkacdf Iksdster Laarikcdtkcj Lauclkfar CILL). Yge jecerdf kied ks ta prevect tge allurrecle ah d lrksks, ecsure d pramdmkfkty ah sulless kc okckokzkcj ar ceutrdfkzkcj tge perpetrdtar ar ta returc tge sktudtkac kcta carodfly. RGD\E\ AH L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY D. R]A-DLYKXE RGD\E “ ks tge stdje ah divdcle pfdcckcj, arjdckzdtkac dci laarikcdtkac dci lactraf kc respacse ta dc dctklkpdtei huture lrksks :< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY allurrecle. Ygks pgdse ks ieskjcei ta preiklt ar prevect pramdmkfkty ar allurrecle ah tge lrksks wgkfe dt tge sdoe tkoe prepdres ta gdcife tgeo wgec tgey allur. 4. R]EIKLYKAC - Yge rst stdje ah dctklkpdtkcj huture lrksks allurrecles tgraujg tge haffawkcj> Upidte- Kcteffkjecle “ kcvafves tge a a a laffeltkac kcharodtkac vdrkety ah saurles ds ah mdsks ah dltkacs hrao dci pfdc> tgase tgdt dre refdtei ta lrksks odcdjeoect lactkcjecly pfdcckcj. Evects “ dre tgase kclkiects tgdt dre dfrediy pdssei wgklg ldc hdlkfktdte dcdfysks celessdry har kiectkldtkac ah pramdmfe tgredt jraups, tdrjets dci celessdry har divdcle pfdcckcj. Ygredt Dcdfysks ah Ygredt Jraups d. Rafktkldf Yerrarkst “ kieafajkldffy kcspkre kcikvkiudfs wga jraupei tajetger har d laooac purpase usudffy har lgdcje ah javercoect ar pafktkldf pawer. Ex. LRR/ CRD, \RY‛s, etl. m. Lrkokcdfs “ tgese dre peapfe wga laookt terrarkst dlts har persacdf rdtger tgdc kieafajkldf jdkcs. \aoe ah tge terrarkst dlts sulg ds nkicdppkcj dre weff pfdccei, atger dre cat pfdccei, mut gdppecs ds d resuft ah tge hdst respacse tkoe my FEDs ta dc acjakcj lrkoe. Har kcstdcle, d cuomer ah mdcn rammerkes gdve evafvei kcta ucpfdccei gastdje sktudtkac wgec pafkleoec drrkve kc respacse ta dc dfdro rammery ks kc prajress. “ l. peapfe Oectdffy Ierdcjei laookt terrarkstklKcikvkiudfs dlts iurkcj d perkai ah psylgkdtrkl iksturmdcle. Ygks type ks tge oast ikhluft terrarkst ta iedf wktg. Odcy ah tgeo dre kopufskve dci ucpreikltdmfe. :9 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY =. R]EXECYKAC - Ygks pra-dltkve pgdse lacskiers laucter oedsures ds pdrt ah tge tatdf systeo ah aperdtkac. \ulg laucter oedsures kcvafve tge haffawkcj> Aperdtkac \elurkty “ d laucterkcteffkjecle a oedsure wgere dff dspelt ah dwdrecess dci trdkckcj oust me lacskierei ta prevect a a tgredt jraups hrao fedrckcj pfdcs oetgais ah aperdtkacs. Kt tge dfsauckts rehers ta oedsures tdnec kc laciultkcj aperdtkacs ar dltkvktkes kc selure dci ehheltkve odccer. Rersacdf \elurkty “ kt lacskiers tgdt dff persaccef dre susleptkmfe ta terrarkst dttdln sa tge ks d ceei har selurkcj tgeo. Dff selurkty oedsures ieskjcei ta prevect ucsuktdmfe kcikvkiudfs ah IAUJGYHUF FA[DFY[ hrao jdkckcj dlless ta lfdsskei odtters ar selurkty hdlkfktkes. “ eclaopdsses Rgyskldf \elurkty prateltkac ah kcha, odterkdf dci peapfe kclfuikcj perkoeter kcstdffdtkac. D systeo ah mdrrker pfdlei metweec tgeprateltei. patectkdf kctruier dci tge odterkdf ta me <. R]ERD]DYKAC - tgks pra-dltkve pgdse kcvafves arjdckzkcj trdkckcj dci equkpoect persaccef ah tge arjdckzdtkac. Kc jecerdf, okfktdry laoodciers dci ahlers ah tge RCR oust arjdckze, trdkc dci equkp spelkdf redltkac, selurkty dci cejatkdtkac efeoects dci pravkie tgekr kooeikdte dltkvdtkac wgec tge ceei drkses. CLLO “ Cdtkacdf Laookttee ac Lrksks Odcdjeoect - serves ds tge uomreffd arjdckzdtkac har lrksks odcdjeoect. Yge prkodry laclerc ks tge haroufdtkac ah lrksks odcdjeoect pafklkes, kctejrdtkac ah okf/paf ta pumfkl ehharts tawdris tge prevectkac dci lactraf ah lrksks. Yge Ac-skte Laoodci Rast (A\LR) sgdff :5 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY estdmfksg wktg kc tge lrksks kclkiect skte. Kt ks d past ar uckt wktgkc d pramdmfe tdrjet ta me gediei my dc ac-slece laoodcier (A\L) wgase respacskmkfkty ks ta tdne lgdrje ah every gdppeckcj ah d lrksks kclkiect slece. Laopasktkac ah tge A\LR YDLYKLDF UCKY “ laopasei ah rejufdr okfktdry ar pafkle pfdlei ucier tge aperdtkacdf laoodci ah tge A\L. 4. ]edltkac Efeoect “ \pelkdf dltkac uckt wgklg dre spelkdffy arjdckzei, equkppei dci iepfayei kc tge rejkac ta gafi spelkdf aperdtkac kc ldses ah lrksks kclkiect. =. \elurkty Efeoect “ okfktdry ar pafkle persaccef tdsn ta pratelt tge dred ah perkoeter selurkty ta prevect allurrecle ah uccelessdry kclkiects. \URRA]Y UCKY “ Kt ks d uckt tgdt pravkies tge celessdry diokckstrdtkve, aperdtkacdf dci fajkstkl suppart ah tge A\L. 4. Kcteffkjecle Yedo “ respacskmfe har tge laffeltkac dci pralesskcj ah dff kcharodtkac ceeiei my tge A\L. =. Laoouckldtka Laoouckldtkac c Yedo “ respacskmfe har kcsurkcj ehheltkve laoouckldtkac metweec A\L dci atger uckts ar sum-uckts. <. Fajkstkl Yedo “ respacskmfe har ecsurkcj oess servkles, suppfkes (lfatgkcj, equkpoect, trdcspartdtkac) dci atger fajkstkl servkles. 9. Oeikldf Yedo “ respacskmfe har dff oeikldf suppfkes dci servkles kc ldses ah lrksks kclkiects. 5. Hkre Hkjgtkcj Yedo “ respacskmfe har dff servkles refdtei ta extkcjuksgkcj res kctectkacdffy set my perpetrdtars ar iurkcj tge resuft ah aperdtkacs. 8. Diokckstrdtkve Rersaccef “ persaccef dsskjcei ta A\L ta neep wrkttec relaris ah evects, kc :8 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY laokcj ar autjakcj laoouckldtkacs. :. Fejdf/Kcvestk Fejdf/Kcvestkjdtkac jdtkac Yedo “ servkles ah kcvestkjdtkac, preservdtkac ah evkiecle, ialuoects dci fejdf divkle ta tge A\L. CEJAYKDYKAC UCKY “ Kt ks gediei my d lgkeh cejatkdtar dci laopasei ah twa ar oare oeomers. Ygekr prkodry laclerc ks ta serve rst fkhe, prevect iestrultkac dci pdve tge wdy har d pedlehuf pedleh uf resafutkac ah lrksks sktudtkacs. M. YGE ]EDLYKXE RGD\E Zgec d lrksks allurs iespkte tge pra-dltkve ehhart, tge arjdckzdtkac laclercei oust prepdre ta perharo tge lrksks odcdjeoect kc dllaridcle wktg tgekr pfdc. RE]HA]ODCLE - Kt ks tge dltkac stdje, tge kopfeoectdtkac ah tge lrksks odcdjeoect lactkcjecly pfdc. 4. Yge Kcktkdf Dltkac “ tge stdje tdnec my tge Kcktkdf Dltkac Uckt, wgklg ks laopasei ah pafkle dci okfktdry persaccef kooeikdtefy arjdckzei kcta tedo ta kcktkdffy respaci ta tdne kclkiect dci mejkc tge lactdkcoect ehhart. Ygey dre respacskmfe har0  odkctdkc lactraf ah tge sktudtkac  repart tge odtter ta tge ]LDJ tgraujg lgdccefs  selure tge slece my estdmfksgkcj perkoeter selurkty  evdludte my stdciers kh passkmfe  prevect esldpe ah perpetrdtar  tdne odxkouo lactraf =. Yge Dltkac \tdje - Yge dltkac stdje stdrts ds saac ds tge tdltkldf, suppart uckt dci tge cejatkdtkac uckt drrkvei dci dre iepfayei. Yge A\L ikslusses tge kclkiect wktg gks laoodcier dci stdhh dci :: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ielkies ac tge pfdcs dci dltkacs ta me tdnec.  Cejatkdtkac “ lgkeh cejatkdtar uciertdnes cejatkdtkac ds saac ds ge gds meec praperfy mrkehei dci relekvei dppraprkdte kcstrultkac hrao tge A\L. Ge sgdff neep tge A\LR kcharoei ah tge prajress ah cejatkdtkacs dci sgdff tdne kcstrultkacs acfy hrao tge A\L. Ca <. hurtger cejatkdtkac sgdff me uciertdne wgec tge tdltkldf uckt laoodcier kcktkdtes tdltkldf aperdtkacs.  Ydltkldf Dltkac “ tge tdltkldf laoodcier odnes d laopfete estkodte ah tge lrksks sktudtkac dci pfdcs gks laurses ah dltkac d ltkac upac drrkvdf dt tge slece wgkfe cejatkdtkac ks kc prajress. Ge sgdff odkctdkc dci lactkcuaus lactdlt wktg tge A\LR. Ge sgdff tdne aver dutgarkty ac redltkac efeoect tgraujgaut tge tdltkldf aperdtkacs. Ge sgdff tdne kcstrultkacs acfy hrao tge A\L dci laarikcdte dff suppart requkreoects wktg tge A\LR. Yge Rast Dltkac \tdje - Ygks stdje mejkcs ds saac ds tge perpetrdtar surrecierei, ldpturei ar ceutrdfkzei. A\L sgdff ecsure tgdt tge haffawkcj dre dllaopfksgei0 Rrateltkac ah tge kclkiect slece a Kcvestkjdtkac ah tge kclkiect preservdtkac ah a evkiecle Ialuoectdtkac a \\ “ wktcesses, gastdje, perpetrdtars dci a atger ney pdrtklkpdcts ah tge kclkiect. ]elaverei, ialuoectei, preserve evkiecle a Rkltarkdfs, wrkttec reparts a Hkfkcj dci praselutkac ah ldses a Idodje Laopecsdtkac dci regdmkfktdtkac Ge dfsa kcktkdtes relaooecidtkac har tge laopecsdtkac dci pravkie dsskstdcle ta lkvkfkdc nkffei dci kcùrei iurkcj tdltkldf aperdtkacs. Ge kcktkdtes a :7 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY relaooecidtkac har tge regdmkfktdtkac, lacstrultkac ah idodje ar essectkdf kchrdstrultures. Yrdkckcj dci retrdkckcj ah uckt persaccef spelkdf uckts dci cejatkdtars sgdff lactkcue wktg tgekr trdkckcj ta koprave tgekr pralkecly dci ecgdcle tgekr redikcess. YE]]A]K\O Yerrarkso ks pucksgdmfe ucier ]epumfkl Dlt ;<:= - Guodc \elurkty Dlt ah =22:. Ucier tgks fdw0 Dcy persac wga laookts dc dlt pucksgdmfe ucier dcy ah tge haffawkcj pravkskacs ah tge ]evksei Recdf Laie0 Drtklfe 4== (Rkrdly kc Jecerdf dci Outkcy kc tge a Gkjg \eds ar kc tge Rgkfkppkce Zdters)> Drtklfe 4<9 (]emeffkac ar Kcsurreltkac)> a Drtklfe 4<9-d (Laup ie e Etdt), kclfuikcj dlts a laookttei my prkvdte persacs> Drtklfe =97 (Ourier)> a Drtklfe =8: (Nkicdppkcj dci \erkaus Kffejdf a Ietectkac)> Drtklfe <=9 (Lrkoes Kcvafvkcj Iestrultkac, ar a ucier Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 484< (Yge Fdw ac Drsac)> a ]epumfkl Dlt Ca. 8;8;(Yaxkl \umstdcles dci a Gdzdriaus dci Culfedr Zdste Lactraf Dlt ah 4;;2)> ]epumfkl Dlt Ca. 5=2:, (Dtaokl Ecerjy ]ejufdtary a dci Fkdmkfkty Dlt ah 4;87)> ]epumfkl Dlt Ca. 8=<5 (Dctk-Gk`dlnkcj Fdw)> a Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 5<= (Dctk-pkrdly dci Dctka gkjgwdy ]ammery Fdw ah 4;:9)> dci, Rreskiectkdf Ielree Ca. 4788, ds doeciei (Ielree a Laikhykcj tge Fdws ac Kffejdf dci Ucfdwhuf Rassesskac, Odcuhdlture, Iedfkcj kc, Dlquksktkac ar Ikspasktkac ah Hkredros, Dooucktkacs ar Expfaskves) tgeremy sawkcj dci lredtkcj d laciktkac ah wkiespredi dci extrdarikcdry :; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY hedr dci pdckl doacj tge papufdle, kc arier ta laerle tge javercoect ta jkve kc ta dc ucfdwhuf ieodci sgdff me jukfty ah tge lrkoe ah terrarkso dci sgdff suhher tge pecdfty ah harty (92) yedrs ah koprksacoect, wktgaut tge mecet ah pdrafe ds pravkiei har ucier Dlt Ca. 942<, atgerwkse ncawc ds tge Kcieterokcdte \ectecle Fdw, ds doeciei. Yerrarkso ks d ar tgredt dltudf use ah harle ar vkafecle har pafktkldf atgerarpurpase, ta haster hedr, kcselurkty, ikstrust, dci ucrest doacj d spelkl jraup ar tge jecerdf papufdtkac. Kt ks ‖Xkafecle har ehhelt… cat prkodrkfy, dci saoetkoes cat dff har tge pgyskldf ehhelt ac tge dltudf tdrjet, mut rdtger har kts irdodtkl kopdlt ac dc duikecle‟ > ‖Yge ldflufdtei use ah vkafecle ar tge tgredt ah vkafecle t dttdkc jadfs, ahtec pafktkldf ar kieafajkldf kc cdture‟> ‖ Ks vkafect lrkokcdf megdvkar ieskjcei ta jecerdte hedr kc tge laoouckty, ar d sumstdctkdf sejoect ah kt, har pafktkldf purpases. Lfdsskldtkac ah Yerrarksts 4. =. <. Cdtkacdf Yerrarkst - D terrarkst wga aperdtes dci dspkres ta pafktkldf pawer prkodrkfy wktgkc d skcjfe cdtkac. Yrdcscdtkacdf Yerrarkst - Ygks ks d terrarkst wga aperdtes dlrass cdtkacdf mariers, wgase dltkacs dci pafktkldf dspkrdtkacs ody dhhelt kcikvkiudf ah oare tgdc ace cdtkacdfkty. Kctercdtkacdf Yerrarksts - D terrarksts wga ks lactraffei my, dci wgase dltkacs represect tge cdtkacdf kcterest ah d saverekjc stdte. Yypes ah Yerrarkst 72 4. \tdte-\pacsarei Yerrarkst “ wgklg lacsksts ah terrarkst dlts ac d stdte ar javercoect my d stdte ar javercoect. Exdopfe0 Df-Tdeid, RFA, K\K\ =. Ikssect Yerrarkst “ terrarkst jraups wgklg gdve IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY remeffei djdkcst tgekr javercoect. Exdopfe0 K\K\, K]D, LRR-CRD <. Yerrarksts (FEHY dci ]KJGY) “ terrarkstt jraups raatei kc pafktkldf kieafajy. Exdopfe0 Krksg ]epumfkldc Droy (K]D), LRR-CRD, U.\. Rdtrkat Oaveoect. 9. “ oatkvdtei. terrarkst jraups wgklg ]efkjkaus Yerrarkso dre extreoefy refkjkausfy Exdopfe0 DfTdeid, K\K\, @eoddg Ksfdokyd (@K) 5. L]KOKCDF YE]]A]K\O “ terrarkst dlts usei ta dki kc lrkoe dci lrkokcdf prat. Exdopfe0 Dmu \dyydh Jraup (D\J), Dmu Ckidf Arjdckzdtkac 8. Face-Zafh Yerrarkst - saoeace wga prepdres dci laookts vkafect dlts dface, autskie ah dcy laoodci strulture dci wktgaut odterkdf dsskstdcle hrao dcy jraup. R]AHKFE (d) pgkfasapgkldf Yge Face-Zafhmefkeh dltsahtadc divdcle kieafajkldf ar extreoekcjraup, tgey dlt ac tgekr awc, wktgaut dcy laoodci ar ikreltkac. (m) Yge Face-Zafh‛s tdltkls dci oetgais dre laclekvei dci ikreltei safefy ah tgekr awc. (l) Yge Face-Zafh cever gds persacdf lactdlt wktg tge jraup tgey kiectkhy wktg. KIEAFAJ[ (d) Dcdrlgkst, cdtkacdfkst. lacservdtkves, rkjgt-wkcj, dci (m) \pelkdf kcterest0 refkjkac, ecvkracoect, dctkdmartkac, dci pafktkldf. 74 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY OAYKXDYKAC DCI J]AUR LFD\\KHKLDYKAC Zgdt lduses d rdtkacdf tgkcnkcj guodc mekcj ta terrarkze salkety1 Dssuokcj tgdt tge terrarksts tgkcn rdtkacdffy (dci oast ah tgeo passess d gkjg iejree ah rdtkacdfkty), we oust faan ta tge terrarkst‛s oatkves kh we dre ta ucierstdci tgeo, ta tgkcn fkne tgeo, dci ta uftkodtefy tgeo. 4. Okcarkty Cdtkacdfkst Cdtkacdfkstkl kl Jraups - jraups jgtkcj tge odàrkty ah tge laoouckty wgere tge suppart mdse wkff iepeci ace etgckl, refkjkac, fkcjukstkl okcarktkes dt aii wktg tge odàrkty laoouckty. =. Odrxkst ]evafutkacdry Jraups “ gere, tge terrarksts‛ oaveoect ks lgdrdlterkzei my kts passesskac ah d lagerect Odrxkst kieafajy dci ah d facj-tero strdtejy har mrkcjkcj dmaut tge salkdfkstkl revafutkac. <. Dcdrlgkst Jraup - Yrue Dcdrlgkst dre ikhluft ta ci skcle true dcdrlgy mrkcjs fdwfesscess dci iksarier, wgklg ks cat d cdturdf stdte kc wgklg tge guodc rdle exksts. 9. Rdtgafajkldf Jraups “pramfeodtkl kcikvkiudfs wga dre jraupei tajetger har saoe terrarkst dltkvktkes har eoatkacdf sdtkshdltkac. Kc gastdje tdnkcj, gastdjes dre usudffy sepdrdtei kc sdhe gauses ta prevect laoouckldtkacs dci esldpe, pfdcckcj, dci kcteffkjecle jdtgerkcj. YE]]A]K\Y YDLYKL\ MAOMKCJ Iefkvery ta tdrjet ks iace tgraujg Xegklfe Maommaamy wktg dttdlgei ievkles, Fdki Lgdrjes-maom pfdtes,trdps Rraèltei maoms-fduclgei hrao rkhes my d oartdf ievkle, Rastdf/odkf maoms 7= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY D]\AC Ygks ks usei ta iestray ar ta iksrupt pumfkl utkfktkes, pafktkldf GTs dci kciustrkdf hdlkfktkes. h dlkfktkes. GK@DLNKCJ Gk`dlnkcj dci sny`dlnkcj dre laooacfy usei my terrarksts. Yge gk`dln suppfy, dooucktkacs, huef ldrjaes, dci vegklfes ta pravkie tgeo ta jdkc ectry ta d lfase okfktdry dred, sny`dlnkcj ah laooerlkdf dkrlrdht ta jdkc pumfklkty ar ta dsn ieodcis. D\\D\\KCDYKAC Yge afiest mut tge laooacfy usei terrarkst tdltkl wgere tdrjets dre ahtec pafkle ar okfktdry ahlkdfs, ar pafktkldf hedtures dci tgey dfwdys lfdko respacskmkfkty ah dssdsskcdtkac. DOMU\G Ygks ks d weff-pfdccei, weff tgaujgt-aut, praperfy regedrsei dci prelksefy exelutei aperdtkac. Yge terrarkst gds tkoe ac gks skie dci wkff speci lacskierdmfe tkoe prepdrkcj har dc aperdtkac. Yerrarkst gdve dc divdctdje divdc tdje kc tgdt tgey ldc lgaase tge tkoe dci pfdle ah aperdtkac. NKICDRRKCJ Nkicdppkcj har rdcsaos ks tge oast laooac haro ah tgks tdltkl. Yge vkltko ks carodffy laccei kc d selret gkieaut dci nkicdppers odne odterkdf ieodcis. GA\YDJE YDNKCJ Yge gastdje-tdner lachracts tge dutgarktkes dci apecfy gafis tge vkltkos har rdcsao. Gks ieodcis dre oare tgdc ùst odterkdf kc cdture. cd ture. Rafktkldf laclesskacs dre tge hrequecly ieodciei kc exlgdcje har tge gastdje fkves. 7< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ]AMME]KE\/EWYA]YKAC\ Yerrarkst aperdtkacs dre expecskve. Ya gefp cdcle tgekr dltkvktkes, terrarksts ram mdcns dci droarei vegklfes ldrrykcj fdrje suos ah ldsg. Mdcn rammerkes dre dfsa usei ds jrdiudtkac exerlkses har terrarkst trdkckcj prajrdos dci vkewei ds d tdltkldf aperdtkac. Yge laciult relaccdkssdcle, pfdc esldpe rautes dci aperdtes kc tge gkjg iejree ah ehlkecly dci tge prajresskve tdxdtkac slgeoe ah tge LRDD/CRD ks d haro ah extartkac tgraujg laerlkac ar use ah harle djdkcst tge vkltko ar gks praperty. ODCDJKCJ GA\YDJE \KYUDYKAC\ GA\YDJE CEJAYKDYKAC Kc gastdje sktudtkac, tge jecerdf teciecly ah Gastdje Ydner, ks ta halus tgekr dttectkac ac praokcect persacdfktkes ta jdkc oulg ceeiei feverdje kc tge cejatkdtkac. Aver tge pdst gastdje sktudtkac taan pfdle dciieldies, tge oast cuoeraus wkiefy doacj tgeo were tge kclkiects laookttei my Drdm Yerrarksts iurkcj tge =2tg jdoes kc Oucklg, Zest Jerodcy kc \epteomer 4;:=> tge gastdje tdnkcj my Krdckdcs ah U\ Eomdssy persaccef kc Krdc> tge gk`dlnkcj ah dc Dkr Hrdcle kjgt 4<;, @ufy 4;:8 wktg oastfy Ksrdefks ds pdssecjers dci wgklg lrdht wds mraujgt ta Ectemme, Ujdcid my tge terrarkst. Kc tge faldf slece, tge dtteoptei gk`dlnkcj ah RDF taan pfdle kc Pdomadcjd Lkty my tge OCFH remefs wgere dff tge pdssecjers were gefi gastdje dci tge Mdcn ]ammery kc Lumda (MRK). D odc ierdcjei dci tdnkcj gastdje ah d lgkfi kc d musy F]Y stdtkac kc Rdsdy Lkty. Yerrarkst fkne oacey tge Dmudci \dyydh tdnkcj cuoeraus gastdjes ta amtdkc pravkie prateltkac har tgekr esldpes. Kc gastdje sktudtkac, tge dutgarktkes dre hdlei wktg kcikvkiudfs ar jraups ah kcikvkiudfs wktg psylgafajkldf 79 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY oectdfkty, laooktoect, megdvkar stress dci megdvkardf kctaferdcle ah vdrykcj iejree “ djjrdvdtei my tge ucpreikltdmkfkty ah guodc megdvkar. Kc iedfkcj wktg gastdje sktudtkacs, tge prkarktkes dre ta “ 4. preserve fkves =. <. dppregeci tge ldptars, dci relaver ar pratelt prapertkes. Dllarikcj ta experts, d gastdje tdnkcj ody fdst har dc gaur ta oare tgdc harty gaurs. Gastdje tdners dci gastdjes dci evec tge cejatkdtars c ejatkdtars melaoe tkrei dci stressei aut ah tge facj perkai ah lrksks kctervectkac. Gastdje melaoe kopdtkect wdktkcj har tgekr sdhe refedse ar reslue. Zktg tgks, tgere ks d jredt passkmkfkty ah tge mkrtg ah tge \talngafo‛s \yciraoe. Ygks ks lgdrdlterkzei my trdcsherecle ah dttectkac metweec tge ldptars dci ldptkves. Yge gastdje tawdris gks ldptars ody jecerdte pasktkve heefkcjs. \YDJE\ AH D GA\YDJE \KYUDYKAC 4. Dfdro \tdje Ygks stdje ks tge oast trduodtkl dci idcjeraus. Kc tge dfdro stdje, tge eoatkac ah tge gastdje tdner ks exleeikcjfy kc kts gkjgest pedn, gks rdtkacdfkzdtkac dci praper tgkcnkcj ks faw, Ge ody me extreoefy djjresskve kc gks redltkac ta dcy perlekvei tgredt. E.j. esldpe ah gastdjes, tdltkldf dssduft, trklnery etl. =. Lrksks \tdje Kc tgks stdje, wgec cejatkdtkac dtteopts dre mekcj kcktkdtei my tge lrksks cejatkdtar. Autrdjeaus ieodcis dci ucpreikltdmfe eoatkac dre odrnei ar laooacfy catei kc tge gastdje tdner. Ygere ks stkff d jredt iedf ah idcjer skcle gastdje tdners try ta lacsafkidte tgekr pasktkacs. 75 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Ya ia tgese, tgey try ta oave tgekr gastdjes ta d sdher jrauci dred. Ac tge pdrt ah tge ldptkve, tgks ks tge oast lrktkldf melduse tgks stdje ody preiklt tge reodkcier ah tge sktudtkac. Lgdcles ah survkvdf ody me ecgdclei ar reiulei iurkcj tgks stdje tgraujg tge gastdje“gastdje tdner kcterdltkac. Dt tgks stdje gastdjes ody stdrt ta heef tgree (<) pramfeos0  Ksafdtkac,  Lfdustrapgamkd  \ecse ah tkoe \ecse ah tkoe melaoes kopartdct ac gastdjes wga dre gapkcj har reslue. Ygks sktudtkac ody dfsa kc hdvar ah tge gastdje tdner ds tgey edrc ed rc laopfkdcle hrao tgekr ldptkves. 78 <. Dllaooaidtkac \tdje - Ygks ks ikstkcjuksgei my mareiao, dci wktg oaoects ah terrar. Ygaujg ks lacskierei ds tge facjest yet ks tge oast trdcqukf. Kc tge lrksks stdje, dci evec kc tge dfdro stdje, gastdjes dre lacskierkcj esldpe aptkacs mut kc tge dllaooaidtkac stdje, tgekr kcktkdtkve dci pfdcckcj dre cdrrawei skcle ldptars gds kclredsei lactraf aver tgeo. Yge gastdjes‛ secse ah fkhe preservkcj gds kclredsei dci evec trkes ta amey tge ariers. \talngafo‛s syciraoe wkff fknefy ta allur metweec tge ldptars dci tge vkltkos. Ace faans kcta tgks pgecaoecac kc tge cejdtkve tgdt ace oust sdy tgdt laaperdtkac ah gastdjes ta tge cejatkdtar ks lacstrkltei. 9. ]esafutkac \tdje - Ygks ks tge stdje wgec tge gastdje tdner ks mekcj stressei aut ar hdtkjuei ah tge sktudtkac. Ge ks seeokcjfy faskcj kcterest ah tge sktudtkac dci fast oast ah gks mdrjdkckcj pakcts. Yecskac metweec tge gastdjes, gastdje tdner dci tge lrksks cejatkdtar dre catdmfy faw. Kt sgaufi me rejdriei dfsa tgdt tge lrksks kctervectkac telgckques ah tge cejatkdtkac tedo gdve kclredsei. Kc tgks stdje, redltkacs ah tge gastdjes dre okxei ektger mfdokcj tgekr ldptars ar ody melaoe IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY gastkfe dci uclaaperdtkve ta tgekr resluers dci evec dlluskcj tgeo ta me tge respacskmfe har tge wgafe sktudtkac. Ygey okjgt evec dpprdkse tgekr ldptars har tdnkcj ldre (sdvkcj) tgekr fkves tgaujg tgekr ldptars pfdlei tgeo kcta d geff g eff experkecle. YGE GA\YDJE YDNE] Kt ks d oust tgdt d pafkle ahler wga rst drrkvei dt tge slece gds tge celessdry snkff ta ieterokce wgdt type ar persacdfkty ah tge gastdje tdner ks. Ygks iaes cat oedc tgdt ge oust ikdjcase tge perpetrdtar. Kc dssesskcj tge sktudtkac, ace oust me dmfe ta ieterokce dci ncaw tge twa nkcis ah megdvkar0 4. Kcstruoectdf megdvkar - tgase wga dre ecjdjkcj kc tgks nkci ah megdvkar dre gdvkcj jadfs ta amtdkc ar ta me hufffei. Jecerdffy, gastdje tdners ah kcstruoectdf megdvkar dre lrkokcdf types dci kctervectkac usudffy ceeis mdrjdkckcj. E.j. mdrrkldiei lrkokcdfs, ar atger arjdckzei lrkoe jraups. =. Expresskve megdvkar - Ygks nkci ah megdvkar ks lgdrdlterkzei my tgekr dtteopt ta ikspfdy pawer. Ygase wga ecjdje kc tgks nkci dre eoatkacdffy iksturmei kcikvkiudfs. E.j. oectdffy kcsdce, etl.  Oectdffy Iksturmei - Ygks jraup suhhers hrao ikhherect nkcis ah psylgafajkldf odfdikes. Ygey ody ar ody cat kc taulg wktg redfkty. D oectdffy iksturmei kcikvkiudf ody me d facer, dlt kc dllaridcle wktg cac-exkstkcj krreskstkmfe harle, ar ac d hdfse mefkeh ar d stkoufus.  Rsylgasks - ks d jrass dci perskstect hdfskldtkac ah lacvectkacdf redfkty tgdt fedves tge persac ucdmfe ta odcdje lacvectkacdf   redfkty wktg dcy iejree ah ehheltkvecess. Iefuskac - ks tge hdufty mefkeh tgdt ks oatkvdtei prkodrkfy my tge kcikvkiudf‛s ceeis dci wksges dci kc hdlt, gds ca mdsks. Gdffulkcdtkac - ks odckhestei kc d vksudf kodje 7: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY      77 tgdt ks qukte vkvki dci redf ta tge kcikvkiudf wga experkecles kt. Rdrdcakd - ks d set ah xei iefuskacdf mefkehs tgdt dre dllaopdckei my lfedr dci arierfy tgkcnkcj autskie tge iefuskac systeo. Rdrdcakd odckhests ktsefh. D pdrdcaki gds meec ieslrkmei ds ‖vkjkfdct suspklkaus, ikstrusthuf, kcselure, dci lgrackldffy dcxkaus‟. \lgkzapgreckd - ks d tgkcnkcj iksarier. Expert sdys tgdt, dppraxkodtefy 72 perlect ah tge oectdffy kff ah tge papufdtkac dre slgkzapgreckl. Ygere dre sumldtejarkes ah tgks nkci ah oectdf iksarier, tge ldtdtackl stdte dci tge gemepgreckl stdte. Ldtdtackl stdte ks ieoacstrdtei my tge pdtkect‛s rkjkify gefi pasktkac har saoe kcterokcdmfe perkai ah tkoe, wgkfe Gemepgreckl stdte ks wgec tge sumèlt dlts lgkfifkne dci skffy. Ceurasks - ks suhherei my d persac kh oast fknefy ta me amservei kc d lactkcuaus stdte ah dcxkety. Errdtkl megdvkar waufi oare tgdc fknefy me ikspfdyei my redltkac tasulg dcxkety kc tge haro ah eja iehecse oelgdckso ds rdtkacdfkzdtkac, praèltkac ar ikspfdleoect. Yge skjcs dci syoptaos dre sgdnkcj uclactraffdmfy dci iepresskac wktgaut expfdcdtkac. Odckl iepresskve persacdfkty - Iepressei kcikvkiudfs dre kc dc kcldpdlktdtei oectdf stdte. Ge ody hrequectfy ncaw tge gastdjes dci tge fdtter okjgt me tge lduse ah gks iepresskac. Cejdtkve autfaan kc fkhe, heefkcj ucwartgy, sfaw speelg, suklkidf dci ucpreikltdmfe dci extreoefy idcjeraus dre tge lgdrdlterkstkls ah tgks type ah oectdffy iksturmei. Ya d ace wga ks d suklkidf type, ge okjgt kcklt gdro ar evec nkff ace ah tge gko. gastdjes dci tge pafkle wkff me harlei ta sgaat Kcdiequdte persacdfkty - Ygks ks d type ah persac tgdt ikspfdys dttectkac-seenkcj megdvkar. Gastdje tdnkcj ks gks dltkac d ltkac ta prave IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY    gkosefh ar gks wartg. Iurkcj tge laooksskac ah tge lrkoe, ge tecis ta iefdy gks dltkacs dci me ldujgt kc djrdcte kc arier har gko ta prave gkosefh (‖K‛ff sgaw tgeo‟). Gks lgdrdlterkstkls dre gaoklkidf, faser laopfex, odyme rei hrao odcy àms dci ks kc taulg wktg redfkty. Ygaujg tgey dre eoatkacdffy iksturmei, yet tgey dre dpafajetkl ta tgekr megdvkar (‖K‛o sarry mut K gdve ta ia tgks ta prave tgdt K ldc me d jaai warner…‟). Dctk-salkdf persacdfkty - Ygase wga mefacj ta tgks nkci ah persacdfkty dre repedteify gdvkcj lacklt wktg tge peapfe drauci tgeo dci catdmfy gdvkcj d ievkdct megdvkar hrao jraups, salkdf vdfues dci ar kcikvkiudfs. Ygey ieheci tgekr hdle hrao eomdrrdssoect my mfdokcj atgers kc tge haro ar rdtkacdfkzdtkac. Dctksalkdfs, wgec tdnes gastdjes, dre jecerdffy ecjdjes kc expresskve dlts dci tgey dre fknefy ta ieguodckze tge gastdjes, dci tgks ks dc kcikldtkac tgdt tgey dre idcjeraus kcikvkiudfs. Yge estrdcjei persac - Iaoestkl pramfeo ks tge odkc lduse wgy dc estrdcjei kcikvkiudf tdnes gastdjes. Yge gastdjes dre laooacfy ncawc ta gko dci oastfy dre gks hdokfy oeomers. Yge gastdje tdner ks experkeclkcj hrao refdtkacsgkp mredniawc kc gks ar ger kcterpersacdf refdtkacsgkps dci gastdje tdnkcj ks eopfayei ta laopef tge refdtkacsgkp ta me odkctdkcei. Yge gastdje tdner dt gks pakct ks dhrdki ah faskcj tge skjckldct atgers. Kc arier ta ldrry aut gastdje-tdnkcj, dflagaf dci pragkmktei irujs dre usei ta gdve tge celessdry laurdje. Yerrarksts - Yerrarkso tgraujgaut tge warfi gds meec dfdrokcj har tge pdst ieldies dci evec dt presect. Lauctrkes drauci tge warfi gdve meec hdlkcj terrarkso pramfeos ektger faldf ar kctercdtkacdf jraups. Kc tge Ucktei \tdtes dface, kt gds meec repartei tgdt tgere dre faldf terrarksts sawkcj hedr, kcselurkty dci 7; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY   ucrest doacjst tge peapfe. Ygey lredte lgdas tgraujg dssdsskcdtkacs, maomkcj, drsac dci atger haros ah odfklkaus iestrultkac ah prapertkes. Mdrrkldiei Lrkokcdfs - Ygks type okjgt me rammers larcerei my tge pafkle wgkfe kc tge dlt ah laookttkcj tgekr lrkoe (k.e mdcn rammers). Ektger mdrrkldiei kc d mukfikcj, radimfaln ar ac jetdwdy ldrs. Gastdjes ody me eopfayees, mystdciers ar matg ldujgt kc tge praless ah esldpkcj. Yge gastdje tdnkcj ks d spactdceaus redltkac ah tge lrkokcdf wgec larcerei. \aoe fdw echarleoect ahlers lacskier mdrrkldiei lrkokcdfs ds dttectkac seeners, mut atgers ieslrkme tgec kc tge lactrdry ds tgey dvaki mekcj kiectkei. Ygekr prkodry dko ks ta esldpe sdhefy tdnkcj wktg tgeo tge gastdjes ds sgkefi ta prevect mekcj sgat my tge pafkle. Usudffy mdrrkldiei lrkokcdfs dre ecjdjei kc kcstruoectdf dlts ds tgey ieodci har odterkdf tgkcjs sulg ds jetdwdy ldrs, redros, oacey, dci sdhe esldpe. Rrksacers - Zgkfe oast prksacers speci oast ah tgekr tkoe kcskie tge larreltkacdf kcstktutkacs, saoe dre laclectrdtei ac pecdf lafackes ucier tkjgt judris dci ta tgase wga dre laopfetefy selfuiei kcskie tgekr prksac leffs, tgey dre gductei my mareiao, jet tkrei dci gastkfe. Ygese ody me iue ta tge strklt kopfeoectdtkac kopfeoectdtkac ah gause rufes, hdvarktkso dci paar prksac laciktkacs (Fdln ah relredtkacdf dltkvktkes dci kcdiequdte hdlkfktkes, paar strulturkcj etl.). CEJAYKDYKAC OAIEF\ • • ;2 - Kcahtgks Mdrjdkckcj Cejatkdtkac Dppradlg dppradlg, cejatkdtkac ks vkewei kc teros dc exlgdcje ar ikstrkmutkac ah resaurles. Expresskve Cejatkdtkac Dppradlg - Ygks dppradlg ks odkcfy halusei ac tge eoatkacdf IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY stdte ah tge gastdje tdner ds d pawerhuf taaf ta resafvkcj ah lrksks sktudtkac. Expresskve cejatkdtkac dppradlg ldoe ta exkstecle wktg tge use ah psylgafajy, guodc refdtkacs tgeary dci resedrlg. Matg dssuoe tgdt tge cdture dci qudfkty ah kcterpersacdf refdtkacsgkps pfdy d fdrje rafe kc resafvkcj d lacklt. • Laoouckldtkac-mdsei cejatkdtkac dppradlg - Ygks dppradlg ks hauciei ac dc kcterdltkve dssessoect kh tge lrksks ^gastdje_ sktudtkac ds kt uchafis dci ks lredtei tgraujg tge kcterdltkac ah tge cejatkdtar dci tge perpetrdtar. Ygerehare, laoouckldtkac-mdsei dppradlg ks dc kcterdltkve praless wgerekc cejatkdtars dci gastdje tdners redlt ta edlg oessdje megdvkar. R]K\AC GA\YDJE \KYUDYKAC Experkecle sgaws, tkoe hdltar warnei matg har dci djdkcst dutgarktkes. Dffawkcj tge pdssdje ah tkoe jecerdffy perokts tge fedier ta expfakt gks pasktkac my lacsafkidtkcj gks fediersgkp. Ygus, dmfe ta lredte d harokidmfe mdstkac wgklg ldccat me ceutrdfkzei wktgaut fass ah fkhe. Zgereds, dltkac tdnec kooeikdtefy, mehare tge prksacers ldc arjdckze dci dro tgeosefves ody weff me fess lastfy. Ieodci har hreeiao, carodffy ks cac-cejatkdmfe. Mut kh, lkrluostdcle sgaw, kt ks tge acfy ta sdve tge gastdjes, kt ody me jrdctei wktg tge peroksskac ah tge gkjgest dutgarkty dci oust me haffawei wktg gat pursukt dhter. Ieodci har \uperkcteciect, Zdriec, ar evec Javercar, ar gkjgest dutgarkty, ds cejatkdtar iaes cat jkve kclectkves ta surrecier. Kc saoe ldses, gastdje tdner ks dci mfadtei dci ieodcis har oare. Rergdps, ksafdtkac redsac waufi me tge oast ehheltkve wdy ta gdcife tgks sktudtkac. ;4 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Yelgckque ah Nkicdp/Gastdje \ulless Gdff odrn ah \ulless0 Mfecikcj ah tdltkldf respacse dci megdvkar ncaw-gaw (ldffs har, ievefapoect ah tdltkls, uskcj mfalnkcj dci lactdkcoect harles> expertkse kc use ah wedpacs> iepfayoect ah kcstdct laoouckldtkacs> use ah megdvkardf experts “ laaf gediei dci wktg prahesskacdf fediersgkp. Ygks ldffs har trdkckcj prajrdos har tge Rafkle kc tgese vktdf dreds> 4. Lacskierdmfe \lreeckcj Dff oeomers ah tge tedo (Cejatkdtars, Diokc. Dkie, Aperdtkacdf Dkie, \gdrpsgaaters, Rdtraf Rersaccef, etl.) kc tgekr respeltkve fkce ah dltkvktkes, acle lgasec, tgey sgaufi me jkvec tge hree rekjc kc gdcifkcj dci evdfudtkcj dreds dci kclkiect - har tge sgaufi d seckars ahler lactkcue ta laucter odccei ariers kc tge skte, tge resufts wkff lertdkcfy me mucifei. =. Rsylgafajy Dcdfyze vdrkaus sktudtkacs dci ievefap strdtejkes uskcj psylgafajkldf telgckque rdtger tgdc harle ta amtdkc refedse ah gastdjes. Rakct ah trdkckcj ks ta pravkie d mdsks har ucierstdcikcj dci dctklkpdtkcj gastdje tdner‛s oaves, ds weff ds passkmfe redltkacs ta pafkle tdltkls. <. Rgyskldf Yrdkckcj Rgyskldf laciktkackcj, wedpac iksdrokcj oetgai, dci ucdroei sefh-iehecse dre vktdf ta lactraf tge ieodcis ah tge sktudtkacs. 9. Hkredros Rkstafs dcisulg revafvers, sckper slapemdrref) rke, dssduft wedpacs ds sgatjuc sg atjuc (iaumfe dci sum-odlgkce juc, tedr jds wktg muffet praah vests. ;= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY 5. Efeltrackl Equkpoect Hdokfkdrkzdtkac ac tge use ah wkrefess trdcsoktter, efeltrkl tdnkcj ievkles lavert survekffdcle ievkles, etl. 8. Eoerjecly reslue Domufdcle Gaw ta use ar aperdte duxkfkdry equkpoect> pumfkl diiress systeo> rejgtkcj uckt> rst jedr domufdcle ody me usei ds d sdhe mdse ta stdrt cejatkdtkac. :. Xegklfe Aperdtkac Esldpe vegklfe dci lgdse vegklfe, wktg dttectkac pfdlei ac street dci rautes hrao vdrkaus faldtkac kc tge skte ah kclkiects ta iestkcdtkac (dkrpart ar atger terokcdf) har tdltkldf divdctdje. 7. Fkdksac @urksikltkac odtters lfedrei, laaperdtkac wktg atger djeclkes ac passkmfe rautes oust me saujgt. Upac drrkvdf dt tge slece ah kclkiect, tge cejatkdtar sgaufi exelute/dlt kooeikdtefy tge haffawkcj> 4. Lactdkcoect “ lactraffkcj sktudtkac dci dred my peapfe kcvafvei. Atger peapfe/mystdciers oust me amfkjei ta jet aut hrao tge dred ds t tgey ody dii oare pramfeos. =. Estdmfksg lactdlt “ kooeikdtefy dhter pasktkackcj dt divdctdje pasktkac, laoouckldte wktg tge fedier, ge ody kctraiule gkosefh my sdykcj ‖Oy cdoe ks QQQQQQQQQQQ, K do d QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ. K do wkffkcj ta gefp. Cever teff gko yaur rdcn> tge gastdje tdner okjgt tgkcn yau ldc jkve. \a tgdt ge tge odycejatkdtar dsn har kopasskmfe ieodci. sgaufi jkve tge heefkcj tgdtCektger ge gds tge dutgarkty ielkie. Ia cat mfuhh. <. Ykoe Fecjtgeckcj0 Jkve oare tkoe ta pafkle ta ;< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY arjdckze dci laarikcdte pfdc ah dltkac. 9. Yefepgace Cejatkdtkac Yelgckque “ me tge ldffer, pfdc dci prepdre, me rediy wktg jrdlehuf exkt dci ikslkpfkce yaursefh ta fkstec. Zgere d ieodci ks kopasskmfe ta jet, stdff tkoe my expfdkckcj tgdt yau ceei ta tdfn atger peapfe. Gafi ac ta yaur laclesskac. Mut wgec laclesskac ks jrdctei try ta jet saoetgkcj kc returc. \dy d jrdct ah haai> jet tge refedse ah skln ar afi peapfe kc exlgdcje. Ygec tgere ks ca ieodci dt dff. 5. Ceei har Hdle-ta-hdle Lacversdtkac “ iac‛t me ever dcxkaus prepdre har praper psylgafajkldf, pgyskldf dci eoatkacdf lachractdtkac. Zedr maiy droar dci passess d wedpac, mut kh dsn ta laoe wktgaut d wedpac, ecsure tgdt tgey taa sgaufi fdy iawc dros mehare ecterkcj. Zgec ecterkcj, see ta kt tgdt yau dre prateltei wktg tdltkldf mdlnup dci lacskier tgdt gastdje tdner okjgt gdve maiy trdp kc saoe partkacs ah tge dred, iaar ar wkciaw ah tge mukfikcj. Laokcj ac hdle-ta-hdle sktudtkac, odkctdkc praper ikstdcle, amserve tgekr oaveoect, efklkt d praokse ar oatkvdte tgeo ta surrecier. Kc retredtkcj, ar kc jettkcj aut aut ah tge raao, hdle gastdje tdners sfawfy mdln aut ah tge iaar wktg jaai laver ar tdltkldf mdln up. 8. \urrecier Dppradlg “ stdrt wktg d pasktkac dppradlg, dlt ds kh gastdje tdner wkff surrecier. Ia cat tdfn taa oulg. Jrdiudffy dsn gko ta surrecier. ]edssurdcle ks tge wksest tgkcj ta ia. Ydfn ietdkfs ietdkfs ah ah surrecier praless dci expfdkc wgy caw ks metter tgdc fdter. Divdctdjes ah Yefepgace Lacversdtkac 4. =. <. 9. ;9 Edsker ta sdy ielfkce ah ieodcis. Edsker ta laclfuie tge lacversdtkac Lacversdtkac ks quklner Kopartdct kteos dre oare edskfy laoouckldtei IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY 5. Ldffer gds tge divdctdje Yefepgace lacversdtkac, gawever, dre kopersacdf wgere tge cejatkdtar ks ucdmfe ta see tge gastdje tdner, tge gastdjes, redltkacs dci laciktkacs. Zedpacs dci dooucktkacs dre cac-cejatkdmfe. Gastdje Ydner dci Cejatkdtar ]efdtkacsgkp 4. Yrust dci ]dppart “ wgkfe trust oust me tgere, mewdre ah kt. =. Ielekt “ teff fkes mut iac‛t me ldujgt. Ieodci ah Gastdje dcswer0 Oacey, Esldpes, Xegklfes ]ufes ah Rravkikcj Dcswer 4. Iefdy, kopress gastdje tdner evec skopfe ieodci ks gdri ta jet> tgdt yau ceei ta tdfn wktg laoodcier ar atger peapfe, etl. =. <. Jet saoetgkcj kc skln returc every laclesskac jrdctei, fkne djei, dcihar yaucj gastdjes. Iac‛t jkve laclesskac dt acle, sumèlt ta kcterpretdtkac tgdt yau laufi jet edskfy. Hdle-ta-Hdle Hdle-ta-Hdl e Cejatkdtkac 4. =. <. 9. 5. 8. :. Iac‛t me averdcxkaus. Zedr maiy droar. Gdve tdltkldf mdln-up (sckper). Yrdps dt iaars ar wkciaws. Ecterkcj wktgaut juc mekcj pakctei dt yau. Hdle-ta-hdle oauctdkc ikstdcle> d. Rersac ikstdcle “ 4 ta < heet. m. Kctkodte ikstdcle “ dmaut 8 kclges Zktgirdwkcj hdlkcj gastdje tdner sfawfy mdlnkcj aut ah tge iaar. ;5 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Ehhelts ah Ykoe 4. =. <. 9. 5. 8. :. Gastdje tdner wkff wedr iawc eoatkacdffy, psylgafajkldffy. Gastdje tdner gds oare ieodci har haai dci wdter. Dcxkety reiule, gastdje tdner jkvec lgdcle ta arjdckze gks true sefh. Gastdje tdners rdtkacdfkty kclredse. Gastdje tdner dci cejatkdtar refdtkacsgkps kopraves. Gastdje tdners ieodci ody me reiulei. \talngafo syciraoe ody me ievefapei. RFDCCKCJ DCI R]ERD]DYKAC HA] GA\YDJE \KYUDYKAC Kc d refdtkvefy sodff tawc ar laoouckty wgere kt laufi oerefy iepeci ac d sodff lactkcject ah pafkle harle, kt oust har purpase ah prepdrdtkac ieskjcdte d lrksks odcdjeoect tdsn jraup. Ieskjcdtkac dci Iutkes 4. =. Hkefi Laoodcier  Ydnes lgdrje ah dff harles  Rravkie lactdkcoect ah gastdje tdner “ sldfe ah pfdle, evdfudte lkvkfkdcs  Estdmfksg lactdlt wktg gastdje tdner  Lacsuft wktg Laoodci Ahler Aperdtkacdf Dkie  ]epart ta ykefi cejatkdtar    ;8 \et up teopardry gediqudrters Laarikcdte dsskjcoect ah persaccef drrkvkcj dt tge slece Dsskstkcj uckts ds celessdry ahh-iuty IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY  <. 9. 5. ]efdy ariers/kcharodtkac ta kcvafvei persaccef> relekve requests Diokckstrdtkve Diokckstrd tkve Dkie  ]epart ah fei cejatkdtar  \upervkse teopardry gediqudrters  Odkctdkcs relaris ah aperdtkacs dci uckts dt slece Rdtraf Rersaccef  Lactdkc gastdje tdners (perpetrdtars) dci gefp evdludte lkvkfkdcs aut slece Dssduft Yedo (wktg ace fedier)  \gdrpsgaater wktg gkjg pawerei dros ac dln vests, (prateltkve droar)  Lgeokldf dject  Ceei hdlkfktkes (twa-wdy rdika har edlg ah tge dmave dci wgdt ta ia) wgklg ks set kc skcjfe hrequecly (strklt ikslkpfkce ceeiei) dci laoouckldtkac ta arkjkcdte hrao aperdtkacdf dkie, haro ar ariers, request ar upidtkcj kcharodtkac. Zgdt ks Kopartdct 4. =. <. 9. Iry ]uc “ ace wdy ta ecsure gastdje cejatkdtkcj uckt ldc estdmfksg lactraf aver d sktudtkac. Lacskierdmfe \lreeckcj “ oeomers> ace lgasec> tge tedo oeomers sgaufi me jkvec hree rekc kc gdcifkcj dci evdfudtkcj ah dcy ah kclkiect.> har sgaufi d seckar ahler mejkcs laucterodcikcj ariers kc tge skte, tge resufts wkff lertdkcfy me d matg mucifei. Rdtraf uckts, dssduft uckts, etl., sgaufi ncaw exdltfy wgase laoodci tgey dre ucier. ]eslue ehharts oust ruc strkltfy hrao tge tap iawc. ;: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Kopfeoectdtkac ah Oetgais ta Iedf wktg Gastdje \ktudtkac Gastdje sktudtkacs ah tge revksei RCR Aperdtkacdf Rraleiures pravkies tge haffawkcj> d. D lrksks odcdjeoect tdsn jraup sgdff me dltkvdtei kooeikdtefy. m. l. i. Kclkiect slece sgdff me selurei dci ksafdtei. Ucdutgarkzei persac/s sgdff cat me dffawei har ectry dci exkt ta tge kclkiect slece. Zktcess/es cdoe/s diiresses dci atger kcharodtkac sgdff me relariei. Zktcess sgdff me ikreltei ta d sdhe faldtkac. Yge Jrauci Laoodcier “ tge acfy persac respacskmfe har tge laoodci mekcj tge jrauci laoodcier kc tge erd. Yge Cejatkdtar/s “ tgey sgdff me ieskjcdtei my tge Jrauci Laoodcier. Ca ace sgdff me dffawei ta tdfn ta tge gastdje tdner wktgaut lfedrdcle hrao tge cejatkdtkcj pdcef ar jrauci laoodcier. Dssduft Yedo “ dc dssduft tedo sgdff me dfertei har iepfayoect kc ldse tge cejatkdtkac hdkfs. Oeomers ah tge dssduft tedo sgdff wedr dutgarkzei dci edskfy relajckzdmfe uckharo iurkcj tge laciult ah tge aperdtkacs. Maccets sgdff cat me usei. Dssduft Rfdc “ tge dssduft sgdff me pfdccei ta ecsure okckodf tgredt ta fkhe. \uppart Rersaccef “ dc domufdcle wktg oeikldf lrew dci d re truln sgdff me ietdkfei dt tge kclkiect. Laarikcdtkac “ praper laarikcdtkac wktg dff pdrtklkpdtkcj efeoects sgdff me iace ta lacsafkidte ehharts kc safvkcj lrksks. \dhety ah Gastdje/s “ kc cejatkdtkcj har tge refedse ah d gastdje, tge sdhety ah tge gastdje sgdff dfwdys me pdrdoauct. ;7 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY CEJAYKDYKAC R]ALEIU]E\ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • \tdmkfkze dci lactdkc tge sktudtkac. \efelt tge rkjgt tkoe ta lactdlt tge gastdje tdner. Ydne tkoe wgec cejatkdtkcj. Dffaw gastdje tdne ta spedn. Iac‛t ahher ta ahher dcytgkcj. Zgdt ge wkff dsn wkfftge me gastdje pdrt ah tge cejatkdtkac. Dvaki ikreltkcj hrequect dttectkac ta tge vkltko wgec tdfnkcj ta tge gastdje tdner. Ia cat ldff tgeo gastdjes. Me ds gacest ds passkmfe> dvaki trklns, me skclere. Cever iksokss dcy request hrao tge gastdje tdner ds trkvkdf ar uckopartdct. Cever sdy ‖CA.‟ \ahtec tge ieodcis. Cever set iedifkce. Yry cat ta dllept d iedifkce. Ia cat odne dftercdte sujjestkacs cat djreei upac kc tge cejatkdtkac. Ia cat kctraiule autskiers (cac-fdw echarleoect ahlers) kcta tge cejatkdtkac praless, ucfess tgekr presecle ks extreoefy celessdry> ia cat exlgdcje d cejatkdtar har d gastdje. Dvaki cejatkdtkcj hdle-ta-hdle. Fdw echarleoect ahlers wktgaut praper trdkckcj sgdff cat me dffawei ta pdrtklkpdte kc gastdje cejatkdtkacs. YGE KCLKIECY LAOODCI \[\YEO Mdlnjraucier Yge C]IIOL gds kssuei Oeoardciuo Lkrlufdr Ca. 9, serkes ah =24= pravkies tge Kopfeoectkcj Jukiefkces ac tge Use ah Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo (KL\) ds dc Ac-\lece Iksdster respacse dci ;; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Odcdjeoect Oelgdckso ucier tge Rgkfkppkce Iksdster ]ksn ]eiultkac dci Odcdjeoect \ysteo (RI]]O\). Yge amèltkve ks ta pravkie pravkie jukidcle ta dff I]]OLs I]]OLs dci atger djeclkes laclercei hrao matg javercoect dci prkvdte seltars ac tge kcstktutkacdfkzdtkac dci praper use ah Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo (KL\) ds d taaf ta arjdckze ac-slece aperdtkacs har d mradi speltruo ah iksdsters ar eoerjeclkes hrao sodff ta laopfex kclkiects, matg cdturdf dci guodc-kciulei. Yge laverdje ah tge sdki oeoardciuo sgdff dppfy ta dff I]]OLs dci atger djeclkes laclercei, wgetger javercoect ar prkvdte, tgdt dre respacskmfe har dff-gdzdris kclkiect odcdjeoect kc tgekr respeltkve dreds ah ùrksikltkac. Kt sgdff spelkldffy laver ac-slece odcdjeoect ah eoerjecly respacse aperdtkacs hrao iksdster kopdlt ta tge kooeikdte eoerjecly respacse pgdse ah dc kclkiect, wktg prkarkty amèltkves ah sdvkcj fkves, ecsurkcj sdhety ah respaciers dci atgers, prateltkcj praperty dci ecvkracoect, dci kclkiect stdmkfkzdtkac. Iurkcj tge 4st D\EDC Laookttee ac Iksdster Odcdjeoect Oeetkcj (DLIO) gefi kc Mrucek Idrussdfdo ac Ieleomer 2;-4;, =22<, tge DLIO harodffy didptei tge D\EDC-U\ Laaperdtkac ac Iksdster Odcdjeoect Rrajrdo, wktg halus ac KL\ Ldpdmkfkty Mukfikcj har tge tec D\EDC Oeomer \tdtes (DO\). Yge U\ Djecly har Kctercdtkacdf Ievefapoect (U\DKI) wgklg ks tge prkclkpdf hucikcj djecly ah tge prajrdo gds tdppei tge U\ Iepdrtoect ah Djrklufture-Harest \ervkle (U\IDH\) ds tge Rrajrdo Kopfeoectkcj Djecly. Yge KL\ Oaief kctraiulei ucier tge D\EDCU\ Laaperdtkac ac Iksdster Odcdjeoect pravkiei tge hrdoewarn har didptdtkac ah dc dppraprkdte dci suktdmfe oaief har ac-slece iksdster respacse dci odcdjeoect systeo wktgkc tge DO\ respeltkve dt tge sdoe tkoe, ta hdlkfktdte àkct iksdster ùrksikltkacs, eoerjecly respacse dci kcteraperdmkfkty doacj tge D\EDC Oeomer \tdtes. Yge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo laufi dfsa ehheltkvefy diiress saoe perskstect kssues dci pramfeos drkskcj 422 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY dt ac-slece fevef sulg ds wga‛s kc-lgdrje ac-skte, espelkdffy wgec tge kclkiect kcvafves ouftk-djecly pdrtklkpdtkac dci ouftk-ùrksikltkacdf, taa odcy respaciers, taa odcy peapfe repartkcj ta ace supervksar, uclfedr fkces ah dutgarkty, ca lgeln-kc praleiures har respaciers dci uclfedr kclkiect amèltkves. Yge acslece iksdster odcdjeoect taaf kctraiulei ta tge DO\ ucier tge Laaperdtkac gds meec pravec ta me ehheltkve iksdster respacse oelgdckso dt tge sdoe fevef dci gds meec utkfkzei my tge U\ dci didptei my d cuomer ah atger lauctrkes. Kt ks caw eoerjkcj ds tge laooac kctercdtkacdf fdcjudje ah tge eoerjecly respacse. Kc tge Rgkfkppkces, tge CI]]OL, tgraujg tge Ahle ah Lkvkf Iehecse (ALI), taan tge fedi kc tge kopfeoectdtkac ah tge D\EDC-U\ Laaperdtkac ac IO. Rdrtcer djeclkes dre tge Iepdrtoect ah Faldf Javercoect - Muredu ah Hkre Rrateltkac (IKFJ-MHR), Iepdrtoect ah Gedftg (IAG), Iepdrtoect ah \alkdf Zefhdre dci Ievefapoect (I\ZI), Rgkfkppkce Cdtkacdf Rafkle (RCR), Droei Harles ah tge Rgkfkppkces (DHR), Rgkfkppkce ]ei Lrass (R]L), Oetra Odckfd Ievefapoect Dutgarkty (OOID), Hkre Cdtkacdf Yrdkckcj Kcstktute (HCYK), \umkl Mdy Oetrapafktdc Dutgarkty (\MOD), tge Lkty Javercoect ah Afacjdpa, Idvda Lkty ]eslue ;44 dci Dokty Rumfkl \dhety Dldieoy (DR\D). Doacj tge dltkvktkes tgdt were laciultei kc tge lauctry ucier Rgdses 4 dci = ah tge Rrajrdo kclfuie tge haffawkcj0 Rgdse 4 (=22<-=225) Kctraiultkac ah KL\ ta sefeltei CILL (caw ncawc ds CI]]OL) Oeomer Djeclkes> kcktkdf didptdtkac kcktkdtkves ta tge Rgkfkppkce Iksdster Odcdjeoect \ysteo lactext dci KL\ laurse odterkdf didptdtkac> Yrdkckcj ah Yrdkcers Yrdkcers ac KL\ dci Rkfat Yestkcj ah didptei laurse odterkdfs Rgdse = (=22;-@ufy =24=) KL\ Kcleptkac Zarnsgap> KL\ Kcstrultar Ievefapoect 424 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY tgraujg tge laciult ah skx (8) KL\ Laurses, cdoefy0 5-idy KL\ Mdskl/Kcteroeikdte Laurse ( @ufy 4;=<, =242), Kctejrdtei Rfdcckcj Laurse (Alt. (Alt. 44-=4, =242), Diokckstrdtkac dci Hkcdcle \eltkac Lgkeh Laurse (Hem. =7-Odr. 4, =244), Aperdtkacs \eltkac Lgkeh Laurse (Odr. <-9, =244), Fajkstkls \eltkac Lgkeh Laurse (Odr. 9-:, =244), dci Kclkiect Laoodcier Laurse (Odr. 7-44, =244). Ygkrty-twa (<=) pdrtklkpdcts hrao pdrtcer djeclkes gdve sullesshuffy laopfetei tge dmave laurses dci lertkei ds KL\ Cdtkacdf Ldire ah Kcstrultars my tge CI]]OL-ALI dci Ucktei \tdtes Iepdrtoect ah Djrklufture “ Harest \ervkle (U\ID-H\). Ygey dre caw lacs la cstk tktu tute tei i ds tg tge e la lare re ah tg tge e CI CI]] ]]OL OL Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Yedo (CKOY) wga ldc me oamkfkzei my tge Cdtkacdf Lauclkf, ds celessdry, ta dsskst kc ac-slece iksdster respacse dci odcdjeoect kc dhheltei dreds ah tge drlgkpefdja. Ac Ieleomer =9 =22;, tge D\EDC Djreeoect ac Iksdster Odcdjeoect dci Eoerjecly ]espacse (DDIOE]) rdtkei my tge tec ta DO\ dci ldffei ac tge Oeomerwds \tdtes, doacj atgers, prepdre stdcidri aperdtkcj praleiures har rejkacdf laaperdtkac dci cdtkacdf dltkac sulg ds rejkacdf stdcimy drrdcjeoects dci laarikcdtkac ah iksdster refkeh dci eoerjecly respacse. Oareaver, ]D 424=4, s-=242, atgerwkse ncawc ds Dc Dlt \trecjtgeckcj tge Rgkfkppkce Iksdster ]ksn ]eiultkac dci Odcdjeoect \ysteo, Rravkikcj har tge Cdtkacdf Iksdster ]ksn ]eiultkac dci Odcdjeoect Hrdoewarn dci Kcstktutkacdfkzkcj tge Cdtkacdf Iksdster ]ksn ]eiultkac dci Odcdjeoect Rfdc, gds repasei ac tge Ahle ah Lkvkf Iehecse tge prkodry oksskac ‖ta diokckster d laopregecskve cdtkacdf lkvkf iehecse dci iksdster reiultkac dcilactkcuaus odcdjeoect prajrdo my pravkikcjrksn fediersgkp kc tge ievefapoect ah strdtejkl dci systeodtkl dppradlges ds weff ds oedsures ta reiule tge vufcerdmkfktkes dci rksns ta gdzdris dci odcdje tge lacsequecles ah iksdsters‟. \eltkac ; ah tge 42= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY sdki fdw pravkies tge hucltkacs / aperdtkacdf ikreltkacs tgdt ALI sgdff uciertdne ta ehheltkvefy kopfeoect kts oksskac. Ace ah tgese hucltkacs ks ‖ta haroufdte stdcidri aperdtkcj praleiures har tge iepfayoect ah rdpki dssessoect tedos, kcharodtkac sgdrkcj doacj djeclkes dci laarikcdtkac (ucierslarkcj suppfkei) mehare dci dhter iksdsters dt dff fevefs. Hurtger, ]ufe : (g), Kopfeoectkcj ]ufes dci ]ejufdtkacs (K]]) ah ]D 424=4, gds expressfy pravkiei har tge estdmfksgoect ah dc Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo (KL\) ds pdrt ah tge lauctry‛s ac-slece iksdster respacse systeo ta ecsure tge ehheltkve lacsequecle odcdjeoect ah iksdsters ar eoerjeclkes. Gecle, kc fkce wktg tge amèltkves ah DDIOE] dci ]D 424=4, tge Javercoect ah tge Rgkfkppkces tgraujg tge CI]]OL, geremy diapts dci kctejrdtes tge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo (KL\) ds dc ac-slece kclkiect odcdjeoect oelgdckso wktgkc tge Rgkfkppkce Iksdster ]ksn ]eiultkac dci Odcdjeoect \ysteo (RI]]O\). Yawdris tgks eci, rejufdr laciult ah KL\ trdkckcj har iksdster odcdjers dci respaciers dt dff I]]OL fevefs, cac-javercoect arjdckzdtkacs dci prkvdte seltar Yedos djeclkes dci arjdckzdtkac ah Kclkiect Odcdjeoect har iksdster respacse dci odcdjeoect dt tge ac-slece fevef sgaufi me pursuei dci kctejrdtei kc tge KL\ ievefapoect dci ldpdlkty mukfikcj prajrdo ah dff I]]OLs dci atger djeclkes laclercei. 42< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY YE]O\ YA RACIE] Djecly Diokckstrdtar/Exelutkve ar ]espacskmfe Ahlkdf - tge ahlkdf respacskmfe har diokcksterkcj pafkly har dc djecly ar ùrksikltkac, gdvkcj huff dutgarkty har odnkcj ielkskacs, dci pravkikcj ikreltkac ta tge odcdjeoect arjdckzdtkac har dc kclkiect> ge ks carodffy tge Lgdkrpersac ah tge I]]OL ar Djecly Gedi ar tgekr iufy dutgarkzei represectdtkve. Dff-Gdzdris “ dcy kclkiect, cdturdf ar guodckciulei, tgdt wdrrdcts dltkac ta pratelt fkhe, praperty, ecvkracoect, pumfkl gedftg, ar sdhety dci okckokze iksruptkacs ah javercoect, salkdf ar elacaokl dltkvktkes. Dred Laoodci - dc arjdckzdtkac estdmfksgei ta aversee tge odcdjeoect ah ouftkpfe kclkiects tgdt dre edlg mekcj gdcifei my d sepdrdte Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo arjdckzdtkac ar ah d very fdrje ar evafvkcj kclkiect tgdt gds ouftkpfe Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Yedos ecjdjei. Dc djecly diokckstrdtar/exelutkve ar atger pumfkl ahlkdf wktg ùrksikltkacdf respacskmkfkty har tge kclkiect usudffy odnes tge ielkskac ta estdmfksg dc Dred Laoodci. Kt ks dltkvdtei acfy kh celessdry, iepecikcj ac tge laopfexkty ah tge kclkiect dci kclkiect odcdjeoect spdc-ahlactraf lacskierdtkacs. Dsskstdct - tktfe har sumarikcdtes ah prkclkpdf Laoodci \tdhh pasktkacs. Yge tktfe kcikldtes d fevef ah telgckldf ldpdmkfkty, qudfkldtkacs, dci respacskmkfkty sumarikcdte ta tge prkodry pasktkacs. Dsskstdcts ody dfsa me dsskjcei ta uckt fediers. Mdse - tge faldtkac dt wgklg prkodry Fajkstkls hucltkacs har dc kclkiect dre laarikcdtei dci diokcksterei. Ygere ks acfy ace Mdse per kclkiect. (Kclkiect cdoe ar atger ieskjcdtar wkff me diiei ta tge tero Mdse). Yge Kclkiect Laoodci Rast ody me la-faldtei wktg tge Mdse. Mrdclg “ tge arjdckzdtkacdf fevef gdvkcj hucltkacdf ar jeajrdpgkldf respacskmkfkty har odàr dspelts ah kclkiect aperdtkacs. D mrdclg ks arjdckzdtkacdffy sktudtei metweec tge seltkac dci ikvkskac ar jraup kc 429 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY tge Aperdtkacs \eltkac, dci metweec tge seltkac dci uckts kc tge Fajkstkls \eltkac. Mrdclges dre kiectkei my tge use ah ]aodc cuoerdfs ar my hucltkacdf dred. Ldop - d jeajrdpgkldf skte wktgkc tge jecerdf kclkiect dred (sepdrdte hrao tge Kclkiect Mdse) tgdt ks equkppei dci stdhhei ta pravkie sfeepkcj, haai, wdter, dci sdcktdry sdc ktdry servkles ta kclkiect persaccef Lgdkc ah Laoodci - serkes ah laoodci, lactraf, exelutkve ar odcdjeoect pasktkacs kc gkerdrlgkldf arier ah dutgarkty> dc arierfy fkce ah dutgarkty wktgkc tge rdcns ah tge kclkiect odcdjeoect arjdckzdtkac Lgkeh - Yge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo tktfe har kcikvkiudfs respacskmfe har odcdjeoect ah hucltkacdf \eltkacs0 Aperdtkacs, Rfdcckcj, Fajkstkls, Hkcdcle/ Diokckstrdtkac dci Kcteffkjecle/Kcvestkjdtkacs (kh estdmfksgei ds d sepdrdte \eltkac) Laoodci - tge dlt ah ikreltkcj, arierkcj, ar lactraffkcj my vkrtue ah expfklkt stdtutary, rejufdtary, ar iefejdtei dutgarkty Laoodci \tdhh - Lacsksts ah Rumfkl Kcharodtkac Ahler, \dhety Ahler, Fkdksac Ahler, dci atger pasktkacs ds requkrei, wga repart ikreltfy ta tge Kclkiect Laoodcier. Ygey ody gdve dsskstdct ar dsskstdcts, ds ceeiei Laooac Yerokcafajy - carodffy usei waris dci pgrdses-dvakis tge use ah ikhherect waris/pgrdses har sdoe laclepts, lacskstecly Laoouckty - lacsksts ah peapfe, praperty, servkles, fkvefkgaais dci ecvkracoect> d fejdffy lacstktutei diokckstrdtkve faldf javercoect uckt ah d lauctry, e.j. oucklkpdfkty ar ikstrklt. Laarikcdtkac - mrkcjkcj tajetger ah arjdckzdtkacs dci efeoects ta ecsure ehheltkve laucter iksdster respacse. Kt ks prkodrkfy laclercei wktg tge systeodtkl dlquksktkac dci dppfkldtkac ah resaurles (arjdckzdtkac, odcpawer 425 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY dci equkpoect) kc dllaridcle wktg tge requkreoects kopasei my tge tgredt ah kopdlt ah iksdster. Iefejdtkac ah Dutgarkty “ d stdteoect ar kcstrultkac jkvec ta tge Kclkiect Laoodcier my tge Djecly Exelutkve ar ]espacskmfe Ahlkdf iefejdtkcj dutgarkty dci dsskjckcj respacskmkfkty. Yge Iefejdtkac ah Dutgarkty ldc kclfuie amèltkves, prkarktkes, expeltdtkacs, lacstrdkcts dci atger lacskierdtkacs ar jukiefkces ds ceeiei. Ieputy - d huffy qudfkei kcikvkiudf wga, kc tge dmsecle ah tge superkar, ldc me iefejdtei tge dutgarkty ta odcdje d hucltkacdf aperdtkac ar perharo d spelkl tdsn. Kc saoe ldses, d ieputy ldc dlt ds refkeh har superkar, dci tgerehare oust me huffy qudfkei kc tge pasktkac. Ieputkes jecerdffy ldc me dsskjcei ta tge Kclkiect Laoodcier, Jecerdf \tdhh dci Mrdclg Ikreltars. Iksdster - d serkaus iksruptkac ah tge hucltkackcj ah d laoouckty ar d salkety kcvafvkcj wkiespredi guodc, odterkdf, elacaokl ar ecvkracoectdf fasses dci kopdlts, wgklg exleeis tge dmkfkty ah tge dhheltei laoouckty ar salkety ta lape uskcj kts awc resaurles> dc dltudf tgredt ta pumfkl gedftg dci sdhety wgere tge faldf javercoect dci tge eoerjecly servkles dre ucdmfe ta oeet tge kooeikdte ceeis ah tge laoouckty> dc evect kc wgklg tge faldf eoerjecly odcdjeoect oedsures dre kcsuhlkect ta lape wktg d gdzdri, wgetger iue ta d fdln ah tkoe, ldpdlkty ar resaurles, resuftkcj kc ucdlleptdmfe fevefs ah idodje ar cuomer ah ldsudftkes. Iksdster ]espacse - tge pravkskac ah eoerjecly servkles dci pumfkl dsskstdcle iurkcj ar kooeikdtefy dhter d iksdster kc arier ta sdve fkves, reiule gedftg kopdlts, ecsure pumfkl sdhety dci oeet tge mdskl sumskstecle ceeis ah tge peapfe dhheltei. Iksdster respacse ks preiaokcdctfy halusei ac kooeikdte sgart-tero ceeis dci ks saoetkoes ldffei ‖iksdsterdci refkeh‛. Eoerjecly - uchareseec ar suiiec allurrecle, espelkdffy idcjer, ieodcikcj kooeikdte dltkac> dc dltudf tgredt ta dc kcikvkiudf‛s fkhe ar ta pumfkl gedftg 428 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY dci sdhety wgklg ceeis kooeikdte respacse Eoerjecly Odcdjeoect - tge arjdckzdtkac dci odcdjeoect ah resaurles dci respacskmkfktkes har diiresskcj dff dspelts ah eoerjeclkes, kc pdrtklufdr, prepdreicess, respacse dci kcktkdf relavery steps> d odcdjeoect praless tgdt ks dppfkei ta iedf wktg tge dltudf ar kopfkei ehhelts ah gdzdris Eoerjecly Aperdtkacs Lecter - tge pgyskldf faldtkac dt wgklg tge laarikcdtkac ah kcharodtkac dci resaurles ta suppart kclkiect odcdjeoect (ac-slece aperdtkacs) dltkvktkes carodffy tdnes pfdle Hkcdcle/Diokckstrdtkac \eltkac - tge KL\ hucltkacdf seltkac respacskmfe har dppravkcj dci trdlnkcj dff expeciktures dci specikcj refdtei ta tge kclkiect. Hucltkac - rehers ta tge ve odàr dltkvktkes kc tge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo0 Laoodci, Aperdtkacs, Rfdcckcj, Fajkstkls, dci Hkcdcle/Diokckstrdtkac. Yge tero hucltkac ks dfsa usei wgec ieslrkmkcj tge dltkvkty kcvafvei (e.j., tge pfdcckcj hucltkac). D skxtg hucltkac, Kcteffkjecle/Kcvestkjdtkacs, ody me estdmfksgei, kh requkrei, ta oeet kclkiect odcdjeoect ceei. Jecerdf \tdhh - d jraup ah kclkiect odcdjeoect persaccef arjdckzei dllarikcj ta hucltkac dci repartkcj ta tge Kclkiect Laoodcier. Yge Jecerdf \tdhh carodffy lacsksts ah tge Aperdtkacs \eltkac \ eltkac Lgkeh, Rfdcckcj \eltkac Lgkeh, Fajkstkls \eltkac Lgkeh, dci Hkcdcle/Diokckstrdtkve \eltkac Lgkeh. Dc Kcteffkjecle/ Kcvestkjdtkacs Lgkeh ody me estdmfksgei, kh requkrei, ta oeet kclkiect odcdjeoect ceeis. Gdzdri - d idcjeraus pgecaoecac, sumstdcle, guodc dltkvkty ar laciktkac tgdt ody lduse fass ah fkhe, kcùry ar atger gedftg kopdlts, praperty idodje, fass ah fkvefkgaai ar servkles, salkdf dci elacaokl iksruptkac, ar ecvkracoectdf idodje> dcy patectkdf tgredt ta pumfkl sdhety dci/ar pumfkl gedftg> dcy pgecaoecac wgklg gds gd s tge patectkdf ta lduse iksruptkac ar idodje ta peapfe, tgekr praperty, tgekr servkles ar tgekr ecvkracoect, k.e., 42: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY tgekr laooucktkes. Yge haur lfdsses ah gdzdris dre cdturdf, telgcafajkldf, mkafajkldf dci salketdf gdzdris. Kclkiect - dc allurrecle ar evect, cdturdf ar guodckciulei, tgdt requkres dc eoerjecly eo erjecly respacse ta pratelt fkhe ar praperty. Kclkiects ldc, har exdopfe, kclfuie odàr iksdsters, eoerjeclkes, terrarkst dttdlns, terrarkst tgredts, lkvkf ucrest, aais, gdzdriaus odterkdfs spkffs, culfedr dllkiects, dkrlrdht dllkiects, edrtgqudnes, trapkldf staros, tsucdoks, wdr-refdtei iksdsters, pumfkl gedftg dci oeikldf eoerjeclkes, dci atger allurrecles requkrkcj dc eoerjecly respacse. Kclkiect Dltkac Rfdc (KDR) - dc ardf ar wrkttec pfdc lactdkckcj jecerdf amèltkve reeltkcj tge averdff strdtejy har odcdjkcj dc kclkiect. Kt ody kclfuie tge kiectkldtkac ah aperdtkacdf resaurles dci dsskjcoects. Kt ody dfsa kclfuie dttdlgoects tgdt pravkie ikreltkac dci kopartdct kcharodtkac har odcdjeoect ah tge kclkiect iurkcj ace ar oare aperdtkacdf perkais. Kclkiect Laoodci - respacskmfe har averdff odcdjeoect ah tge kclkiect dci lacsksts ah tge Kclkiect Laoodcier, ektger skcjfe ar uckei laoodci, dci dcy dsskjcei suppartkcj stdhh Kclkiect Laoodcier (KL) - tge kcikvkiudf respacskmfe har dff kclkiect dltkvktkes, kclfuikcj tge ievefapoect ah strdtejkes dci tdltkls dci tge arierkcj dci tge refedse ah resaurles. Yge KL gds averdff dutgarkty dci respacskmkfkty har laciultkcj kclkiect aperdtkacs dci ks respacskmfe har tge odcdjeoect ah dff kclkiect aperdtkacs dt tge kclkiect skte. Kclkiect Laoodci Rast (KLR) - tge efi faldtkac wgere tge prkodry hucltkacs dre perharoei. Yge KLR ody me lafaldtei wktg tge kclkiect mdse ar atger kclkiect hdlkfktkes Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo (KL\) - ks d stdcidrikzei, ac-slece, dff-gdzdri kclkiect odcdjeoect laclept> dffaws kts users ta diapt dc kctejrdtei arjdckzdtkacdf strulture ta odtlg tge laopfexktkes dci ieodcis ah skcjfe ar ouftkpfe kclkiects wktgaut mekcj gkcierei 427 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY my ùrksikltkacdf maucidrkes. KL\ ks cac-perodcect arjdckzdtkac dci ks dltkvdtei acfy kc respacse ta iksdsters ar eoerjeclkes. KL\ Cdtkacdf Ldire - jraup ah kcikvkiudfs wga sullesshuffy ucierwect tge Cdtkacdf Yrdkckcj ah Yrdkcers ac Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo, ikidltkl dci prdltkluo, laverkcj tge skx (8) KL\ laurses laciultei my tge U\ Iepdrtoect ah Djrklufture “ Harest \ervkle kc tge Rgkfkppkces hrao Odrlg, =242 ta @ufy, =244, ucier tge D\EDC “ U\ Laaperdtkac Laaperdtkac ac Iksdster Odcdjeoect, KL\ Ldpdmkfkty Mukfikcj Rrajrdo, Rgdse =. Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Yedo (KOY) - dc Kclkiect Laoodcier dci tge dppraprkdte Laoodci dci Jecerdf \tdhh persaccef dsskjcei ta tge kclkiect. KOYs dre jecerdffy jraupei kc ve types. Yypes K dci KK dre Cdtkacdf Yedos, Yype KKK dre ]ejkacdf Yedos, Yype KX dre ikslkpfkce ar fdrje ùrksikltkac spelkl, wgkfe Yype X dre di-gal kclkiect laoodci arjdckzdtkacs typkldffy usei my sodffer ùrksikltkacs. Yge KL\ Cdtkacdf Ldire reherrei ta dmave sgdff me kcktkdffy lacstktutei ds d Cdtkacdf KOY ah tge CI]]OL. KOYs sgdff me arjdckzei ds ace ah tge respacse tedos ah I]]OLs dci atger djeclkes laclercei tgdt ldc me redikfy oamkfkzei ta dsskst kc dhheltei dreds. Kclkiect Amèltkves - stdteoects ah jukidcle dci ikreltkac ceeiei ta sefelt dppraprkdte strdtejy(kes) dci tge tdltkldf ikreltkac ah resaurles. Kclkiect amèltkves dre mdsei ac redfkstkl expeltdtkacs ah wgdt ldc me dllaopfksgei wgec dff dffaldtei resaurles gdve meec ehheltkvefy iepfayei. Kclkiect amèltkves oust me dlgkevdmfe dci oedsurdmfe, yet exkmfe ecaujg ta dffaw strdtejkl dci tdltkldf dftercdtkves. Kcteraperdmkfkty “ dffaws eoerjecly odcdjeoect respacse persaccef dci tgekr dhfkdtei arjdckzdtkacs ta laoouckldte wktgkc dci dlrass djeclkes dci ùrksikltkacs vkd vakle, vakle, idtd, ar vkiea ac-ieodci, kc redf tkoe, wgec ceeiei dci wgec dutgarkzei. 42; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY @urksikltkac “ d rdcje ar spgere ah dutgarkty. Rumfkl djeclkes gdve ùrksikltkac dt dc kclkiect refdtei ta tgekr fejdf respacskmkfktkes dci dutgarkty. @urksikltkacdf dutgarkty dt dc kclkiect ldc me pafktkldf ar jeajrdpgkldf (e.j. tawc, lkty) ar hucltkacdf (e.j. fdw echarleoect, pumfkl gedftg). Fkdksac Ahler - d oeomer ah tge Laoodci \tdhh respacskmfe har laarikcdtkcj wktg represectdtkves hrao laaperdtkcj dci dsskstkcj djeclkes ar arjdckzdtkacs. Fajkstkls \eltkac - tge seltkac respacskmfe har pravkikcj hdlkfktkes, servkles, dci odterkdf suppart har tge kclkiect. Rrepdreicess - oedsures tdnec ta strecjtgec tge ldpdlkty ah tge eoerjecly servkles ta respaci kc dc eoerjecly Ydltkls - rehers ta tgase dltkvktkes, resaurles dci odceuvers tgdt dre ikreltfy dppfkei ta dlgkeve jadfs> iepfaykcj dci ikreltkcj resaurles ac dc kclkiect ta dllaopfksg tge amèltkves ieskjcdtei my tge strdtejy. Uckei Laoodci (UL) - dc Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo odcdjeoect aptkac tgdt ldc me usei wgec oare tgdc ace djecly gds kclkiect ùrksikltkac ar wgec kclkiects lrass pafktkldf maucidrkes/ ùrksikltkacs. Djeclkes warn tajetger tgraujg tge ieskjcdtei oeomers ah tge UL, ahtec tge seckar persac hrao djeclkes dci/ar ikslkpfkces pdrtklkpdtkcj kc tge UL, ta estdmfksg d laooac set ah amèltkves dci strdtejkes dci d skcjfe Kclkiect Dltkac Rfdc. Uckty ah Laoodci - tge laclept my wgklg edlg persac wktgkc dc arjdckzdtkac reparts ta ace dci acfy ace ieskjcdtei persac. Yge purpase ah uckty ah laoodci ks ta ecsure uckty ah ehhart ucier ace respacskmfe laoodcier har every amèltkve> prkclkpfe ah odcdjeoect stdtkcj tgdt edlg kcikvkiudf kcvafvei kc kclkiect aperdtkacs wkff me dsskjcei ta acfy ace supervksar. 442 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY MD\KL LACLERY\ DCI R]KCLKRFE\ AC KL\ Ya ecsure tge stdcidri use dci dppfkldtkac ah KL\, tge haffawkcj mdskl laclepts dci prkclkpfes har acslece iksdster aperdtkacs dre geremy diaptei0 Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo (KL\) - ks d stdcidrikzei, acslece, dff-gdzdri kclkiect odcdjeoect laclept> dffaws kts users ta diapt dc kctejrdtei arjdckzdtkacdf strulture ta odtlg tge laopfexktkes dci ieodcis ah skcjfe ar ouftkpfe kclkiects wktgaut mekcj gkcierei my ùrksikltkacdf maucidrkes. KL\ ks cac-perodcect arjdckzdtkac dci ks dltkvdtei acfy kc respacse ta iksdsters ar eoerjeclkes. Kclkiects/Evects Odcdjei my KL\ • • • • • Iksdsters ldusei my cdturdf gdzdris sulg ds typgaacs, aais, edrtgqudnes, vafldckl eruptkacs dci tsucdoks. Guodc-kciulei lrksks sulg ds terrarkso, gastdje tdnkcj, droei lacklt sktudtkacs dci maomkcj kclkiects. Dllkiect sulg ds res, gdzdriaus odterkdfs kclkiects, trdhl dllkiects. Guodc dci dckodf iksedse autmredns. Rfdccei evects sulg ds estds, pdrdies, sparts evects, lacherecles, laclerts. Rrkclkpfes dci Hedtures ah KL\ Hucltkacs • • • • • Laoodci Aperdtkacs Rfdcckcj Fajkstkls Hkcdcle/ Diokckstrdtkac Ieslrkptkac      Averdff respacskmkfkty Ikrelt tdltkldf dltkacs Laffelt idtd, prepdre dltkac pfdc Rravkie fajkstkldf suppart Rraleiure resaurles, odkctdkc dllauctdmkfkty 444 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY KL\ \pdc ah Lactraf har dcy \upervksar0 Metweec < ta : sumarikcdtes Kiedffy iaes cat exleei 5 sumarikcdtes • • Yge ]espacskmfe Ahlkdf dci tge Kclkiect Laoodcier a a 44= ]espacskmfe Ahlkdf  Lgdkrpersac ah tge CI]]OL (ar Gedi Djecly/ Arjdckzdtkac/Ahle)  Rravkies averdff pafkly ikreltkac dci jukidcle  \erves ds fkcn ta atger gkjger dutgarktkes  Iefejdtes dutgarkty ta Kclkiect Laoodcier ta odcdje tge kclkiect. Kclkiect Laoodcier  ]elekves dutgarkty hrao tge ]A  Estdmfksges amèltkves mdsei ac tge averdff jukidcle  Estdmfksges tge Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Yedo dci fedis tge tdltkldf/ac-slece respacse aperdtkacs  Ecsures kclkiect sdhety  Odkctdkcs fkdksac wktg pdrtklkpdtkcj respacse jraups IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Laarikcdtkac X\ Laoodci dci Lactraf Laarikcdtkac Yge ]A dci tge prkclkpdfs hrao atger djeclkes uciertdne laarikcdtkac tgraujg>      a Odnkcj pafkly ielkskacs Estdmfksgkcj prkarktkes ]esafvkcj lrktkldf resaurle kssues Oamkfkzkcj dci trdlnkcj resaurles Laffeltkcj, dcdfyzkcj, dci iksseokcdtkcj sktudtkac repart/ kcharodtkac Laoodci & Lactraf Yge KL uciertdnes tge haffawkcj>  Laoodcikcj respaciers har acslece aperdtkacs  Lactraffkcj dci odcdjkcj tge resaurles iepfayei tdltkldffy ac tge jrauci  ]epartkcj prajress dci upidtes ac tge aperdtkacs ta tge ]A Eoerjecly Aperdtkacs Lecter  Hdlkfkty tgdt serves ds repasktary ah kcharodtkac dci tge odkc gum har kcter-djecly laarikcdtkac.  Fkcns laarikcdtkac ta laoodci dci lactraf. YGE HAU]YEEC (49) ODCDJEOECY LGD]DLYE]K\YKL\ AH KL\ KL\ ks mdsei ac haurteec (49) pravec odcdjeoect lgdrdlterkstkls, edlg ah wgklg lactrkmutes ta tge strecjtg dci ehlkecly ah tge averdff systeo. Ygese dre ds haffaws0 d. Laooac Yerokcafajy Yge use ah laooac terokcafajy kc KL\ wkff dffaw ikverse kclkiect odcdjeoect dci suppart arjdckzdtkacs ta warn tajetger dlrass d wkie vdrkety ah 44< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY kclkiect odcdjeoect hucltkacs dci gdzdri slecdrkas. Ygks laooac terokcafajy dppfkes ta tge haffawkcj0 4. Arjdckzdtkac Arjdckzdtkacdf df Hucltkac Odàr hucltkacs dci hucltkacdf uckts wktg kclkiect odcdjeoect respacskmkfktkes dre cdoei dci iecei. Yerokcafajy har tge haffawkcj arjdckzdtkacdf efeoects ks stdcidri dci lacskstect, cdoefy, Laoodci, Rfdcckcj, Aperdtkacs, Fajkstkls dci Diokckstrdtkac dci Hkcdcle. =. ]esaurle Ieslrkptkacs Odàr resaurles’kclfuikcj persaccef, hdlkfktkes, dci odàr equkpoect dci suppfy kteos’tgdt suppart kclkiect odcdjeoect dltkvktkes dre jkvec laooac cdoes dci dre ‖typei‟ wktg respelt ta tgekr ldpdmkfktkes ds haffaws0 ‖Dsskjcei‟, ‖Dvdkfdmfe‟ dci ‖Aut-ah-\ervkle‟. Ygks ks ta gefp dvaki lachuskac dci ta ecgdcle kcteraperdmkfkty. <. Kclkiect Hdlkfktkes Laooac terokcafajy ta ah ieskjcdte tge hdlkfktkes estdmfksgei kc ks tgeusei vklkckty tge kclkiect dred tgdt wkff me usei iurkcj tge laurse ah tge kclkiect. m. Oaiufdr Arjdckzdtkac Yge KL\ arjdckzdtkacdf strulture ievefaps kc d oaiufdr hdsgkac mdsei ac tge skze dci laopfexkty ah tge kclkiect, ds weff ds tge spelkls ah tge gdzdri ecvkracoect lredtei my tge kclkiect. ]espacskmkfkty har tge estdmfksgoect dci expdcskac ah tge KL\ oaiufdr arjdckzdtkac uftkodtefy rests wktg Kclkiect Laoodci, wgklg mdses tge KL\ arjdckzdtkac ac tge requkreoects ah tge sktudtkac. l. Odcdjeoect my Amèltkves Odcdjeoect my amèltkves ks laoouckldtei tgraujgaut tge ectkre KL\ arjdckzdtkac dci kclfuies0 449 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY     Ncawkcj djecly pafkly dci ikreltkac. Estdmfksgkcj kclkiect amèltkves. Ievefapkcj strdtejkes mdsei ac kclkiect amèltkves. Estdmfksgkcj spelkl, oedsurdmfe tdltkls ar tdsns har vdrkaus kclkiect odcdjeoect hucltkacdf dltkvktkes, dci ikreltkcj ehharts ta dllaopfksg tgeo, kc suppart iecei perharodcle strdtejkes. e. dci Ialuoectkcj resufts ta ah oedsure hdlkfktdte larreltkve dltkacs. i. Kclkiect Dltkac Rfdc Lectrdfkzei laarikcdtei kclkiect dltkac pfdcckcj sgaufi jukie dff respacse dltkvktkes. Dc Kclkiect Dltkac Rfdc (KDR) pravkies d laclkse, lagerect oedcs ah ldpturkcj dci laoouckldtkcj tge averdff kclkiect prkarktkes, amèltkves, strdtejkes, dci tdltkls kc tge lactext ah matg aperdtkacdf dci suppart dltkvktkes. e. \pdc ah Lactraf Odcdjedmfe spdc ah lactraf ks ney ta ehheltkve eh heltkve dci ehlkect kclkiect odcdjeoect. \upervksars oust me dmfe ta diequdtefy supervkse dci lactraf tgekr sumarikcdtes, ds weff ds laoouckldte wktg dci odcdje dff resaurles ucier tgekr supervkskac. h. Kclkiect Hdlkfktkes dci Faldtkac Xdrkaus types ah aperdtkacdf suppart hdlkfktkes sgaufi me estdmfksgei kc tge vklkckty ah dc kclkiect, iepecikcj ac kts skze dci laopfexkty, ta dllaopfksg d vdrkety ah purpases. Yge KL wkff ikrelt tge kiectkldtkac dci faldtkac ah hdlkfktkes mdsei ac tge requkreoects ah tge sktudtkac. KL\ hdlkfktkes sgaufi kclfuie Kclkiect Laoodci Rasts, Mdses, Ldops, \tdjkcj Dreds, odss ldsudfty trkdje dreds, pakct ah ikstrkmutkac sktes, dci atgers ds requkrei. j. ]esaurle Odcdjeoect Odkctdkckcj dc dllurdte dci up-ta-idte pklture ah resaurle utkfkzdtkac ks d lrktkldf laopacect ah kclkiect odcdjeoect dci eoerjecly respacse. ]esaurles ta me kiectkei kclfuie persaccef, tedos, equkpoect, 445 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY suppfkes, dci hdlkfktkes dvdkfdmfe ar patectkdffy dvdkfdmfe har dsskjcoect ar dffaldtkac. g. Kctejrdte Kctejrdtei i Laoouckldtka Laoouckldtkacs cs Kclkiect laoouckldtkacs sgaufi me ievefapei tgraujg tge use ah d laooac Laoouckldtkacs pfdc ta ecsure kcteraperdmkfkty dci lacceltkvkty metweec dci doacj aperdtkacdf dci suppart uckts ah tge vdrkaus djeclkes kcvafvei. Rrepdreicess pfdcckcj sgaufi tgerehare eciedvar ta diiress tge equkpoect, systeos, dci pratalafs celessdry ta dlgkeve kctejrdtei vakle dci idtd laoouckldtkacs. k. Estdmfksgoect dci Yrdcsher ah Laoodci Yge laoodci hucltkac oust me lfedrfy estdmfksgei hrao tge mejkcckcj ah kclkiect aperdtkacs. Yge djecly wktg prkodry ùrksikltkacdf dutgarkty aver tge kclkiect ieskjcdtes tge kcikvkiudf dt tge slece respacskmfe har estdmfksgkcj laoodci. Zgec laoodci ks trdcsherrei, tge praless oust kclfuie d mrkecj tgdt ldptures dff essectkdf kcharodtkac har lactkcukcj sdhe dci ehheltkve aperdtkacs. `. Lgdkc ah Laoodci Laoodci dci Uckty Uckty ah Laoodci Dt dff tkoes iurkcj iksdster aperdtkacs, lgdkc ah laoodci dci uckty ah laoodci sgdff me amservei. Ygks ks ta ecsure lfdrkty kc repartkcj refdtkacsgkps dci efkokcdte tge lachuskac ldusei my ouftkpfe, lackltkcj ikreltkves. n. Uckei Laoodci Kc kclkiects kcvafvkcj ouftkpfe ùrksikltkacs, d skcjfe ùrksikltkac wktg ouftkdjecly kcvafveoect, ar ouftkpfe ùrksikltkacs wktg ouftkdjecly kcvafveoect, d Uckei Laoodci dppradlg sgaufi me dppfkei ta dffaw djeclkes wktg ikhherect fejdf, jeajrdpgkl, dci hucltkacdf dutgarktkes dci respacskmkfktkes warn tajetger ehheltkvefy wktgaut dhheltkcj kcikvkiudf djecly dutgarkty, respacskmkfkty, ar dllauctdmkfkty. 448 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY f. Dllauctdmkfkty Ehheltkve dllauctdmkfkty ah resaurles dt dff ùrksikltkacdf fevefs dci wktgkc kcikvkiudf hucltkacdf dreds iurkcj kclkiect aperdtkacs ks essectkdf. Ya tgks eci, Lgeln-Kc/Lgeln-Aut, Kclkiect Dltkac Rfdcckcj, Uckty ah Laoodci, Rersacdf ]espacskmkfkty, \pdc ah Lactraf, dci ]esaurle Yrdlnkcj oust me digerei ta wktgkc tge KL\. o. Ikspdtlg/Iepfayoect ]esaurles sgaufi respaci acfy wgec requestei ar wgec ikspdtlgei my dc dppraprkdte dutgarkty tgraujg estdmfksgei resaurle odcdjeoect systeos. ]esaurles cat requestei oust rehrdkc hrao spactdceaus iepfayoect ta dvaki avermurieckcj tge relkpkect dci laopaucikcj dllauctdmkfkty lgdffecjes. c. Kcharodtkac Kcharodtka c dci Kcteffkjec Kcteffkjecle le Odcdjeoect Yge kclkiect odcdjeoect arjdckzdtkac oust estdmfksg d praless har jdtgerkcj, dcdfyzkcj, dssesskcj, sgdrkcj, dci odcdjkcj kclkiect-refdtei kcharodtkac dci kcteffkjecle. KCLKIECY LAOODCI DCI JECE]DF \YDHH Yge Kclkiect Laoodci, wgklg Laoodci dci Jecerdf \tdhh, sgdff me averdff odcdjeoect ah tge kclkiect. dci Jecerdf \tdhh dre typkldffy faldtei Laoodci Rast (KLR). laoprkses tge respacskmfe har Yge Laoodci dt tge Kclkiect d. Kclkiect Laoodci Yge laoodci hucltkac ody me laciultei kc ace ah twa jecerdf wdys0 4. \kcjfe Kclkiect Laoodci \kcjfe kclkiect laoodci odyme dppfkei wgec dc kclkiect allurs wktgkc d skcjfe ùrksikltkac dci tgere ks ca ùrksikltkacdf ar hucltkacdf 44: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY djecly averfdp. Averdff kclkiect odcdjeoect respacskmkfkty rests ac tge dppraprkdte ùrksikltkacdf dutgarkty. Kc saoe ldses wgere kclkiect odcdjeoect lrasses ùrksikltkacdf dci/ ar hucltkacdf djecly maucidrkes, d skcjfe KL ody me ieskjcdtei kh djreei upac. =. Uckei Laoodci (UL) UL har kclkiect odcdjeoect ody me dppfkei wgec d iksdster ar eoerjecly dhhelts severdf dreds ar ùrksikltkacs ar requkres ouftkdjecly ecjdjeoect. Uckei Laoodci, ds dc kclkiect odcdjeoect aptkac, pravkies tge celessdry jukiefkces ta ecdmfe djeclkes wktg ikhherect fejdf, jeajrdpgkl, dci hucltkacdf respacskmkfktkes ta laarikcdte, pfdc, dci kcterdlt ehheltkvefy. Ds d tedo ehhart, UL dffaws dff djeclkes wktg ùrksikltkacdf dutgarkty ar hucltkacdf respacskmkfkty har tge kclkiect ta àkctfy pravkie odcdjeoect ikreltkac tgraujg d laooac set ah kclkiect amèltkves dci strdtejkes dci d skcjfe KDR. Edlg pdrtklkpdtkcj djecly odkctdkcs kts dutgarkty, respacskmkfkty, dci dllauctdmkfkty. m. Laoodci \tdhh Kc dc kclkiect laoodci arjdckzdtkac, tge Laoodci \tdhh typkldffy kclfuies d Rumfkl Kcharodtkac Ahler, d \dhety Ahler, dci d Fkdksac Ahler, wga repart ikreltfy ta tge KL/UL dci ody gdve dsskstdcts ds celessdry. Diiktkacdf pasktkacs ody me requkrei, iepecikcj ac tge cdture, slape, laopfexkty, dci faldtkac(s) ah tge kclkiect(s), ar dllarikcj ta spelkl requkreoects estdmfksgei my tge KL/UL.  Rumfkl Kcharodtkac Ahler Yge Rumfkl Kcharodtkac Ahler ks respacskmfe har kcterhdlkcj wktg tge pumfkl dci oeikd dci/ar wktg atger djeclkes wktg kclkiect-refdtei kcharodtkac requkreoects. Zgetger tge laoodci strulture ks skcjfe ar uckei, acfy ace Rumfkl Kcharodtkac 447 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Ahler sgaufi me ieskjcdtei per kclkiect. Dsskstdcts ody me dsskjcei hrao atger kcvafvei djeclkes, iepdrtoects, ar arjdckzdtkacs. Yge KL/UL oust dpprave tge refedse ah dff kclkiectrefdtei kcharodtkac. Kc fdrje-sldfe kclkiects ar wgere ouftkpfe laoodci pasts dre estdmfksgei, tge Rumfkl Kcharodtkac Ahler sgaufi pdrtklkpdte kc arier ar fedi @akctlacskstecly Kcharodtkac Oeikd Lecter kc tatge ecsure kcar tge pravkskac ah kcharodtkac ta tge pumfkl.  \dhety Ahler Yge \dhety Ahler oacktars kclkiect aperdtkacs dci divkses tge KL/UL ac dff odtters refdtkcj ta aperdtkacdf sdhety, kclfuikcj tge gedftg dci sdhety ah eoerjecly respacier persaccef. Yge uftkodte respacskmkfkty har tge sdhe laciult ah kclkiect odcdjeoect aperdtkacs rests wktg tge KL/UL dci supervksars dt dff fevefs ah kclkiect odcdjeoect. Yge \dhety Ahler ks, kc turc, respacskmfe ta tge KL/UL har tge systeos dci praleiures celessdry ta ecsure acjakcj dssessoect ah gdzdriaus ecvkracoects, kclfuikcj tge kclkiect \dhety Rfdc, laarikcdtkac ah ouftkdjecly sdhety ehharts, dci kopfeoectdtkac ah oedsures ta praoate eoerjecly respacier sdhety ds weff ds tge jecerdf sdhety ah kclkiect aperdtkacs. Yge \dhety Ahler gds kooeikdte dutgarkty ta stap dci/ar prevect ucsdhe dlts iurkcj kclkiect aperdtkacs. Kt ks kopartdct ta cate tgdt tge djeclkes, arjdckzdtkacs, ar ùrksikltkacs tgdt lactrkmute ta àkct sdhety odcdjeoect ehharts ia cat fase tgekr kcikvkiudf kiectktkes ar respacskmkfkty har tgekr awc prajrdos, pafklkes, dci persaccef. ]dtger, edlg lactrkmutes ta tge averdff ehhart ta pratelt dff respacier persaccef kcvafvei kc kclkiect aperdtkacs.  Fkdksac Ahler Yge Fkdksac Ahler ks Kclkiect Laoodci‛s pakct ah lactdlt har I]]OL/atger javercoect djecly 44; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY represectdtkves, CJAs, dci tge prkvdte seltar.ta pravkie kcput ac tgekr djecly‛s pafklkes, resaurle dvdkfdmkfkty, dci atger kclkiect-refdtei odtters. Ucier ektger d skcjfe-KL ar d UL strulture, represectdtkves hrao dsskstkcj ar laaperdtkcj djeclkes dci arjdckzdtkacs laarikcdte tgraujg tge Fkdksac Ahler.  Diiktkacdf Laoodci \tdhh Diiktkacdf Laoodci \tdhh pasktkacs ody dfsa me celessdry, iepecikcj ac tge cdture dci faldtkac(s) ah tge kclkiect ar spelkl requkreoects estdmfksgei my Kclkiect Laoodci. <. JECE]DF \YDHH Yge Jecerdf \tdhh ks respacskmfe har tge hucltkacdf dspelts ah tge kclkiect laoodci strulture. Yge Jecerdf \tdhh typkldffy lacsksts ah tge Aperdtkacs, Rfdcckcj, Fajkstkls, dci Hkcdcle/Diokckstrdtkac \eltkac Lgkehs. Yge \eltkac Lgkehs ody gdve ace ar oare ieputkes dsskjcei, wktg tge dsskjcoect ah ieputkes hrao atger djeclkes eclaurdjei kc tge ldse ah ouftkùrksikltkacdf kclkiects. d. Aperdtkacs \eltkac Ygks \eltkac ks respacskmfe har dff tdltkldf dltkvktkes halusei ac reiulkcj tge kooeikdte gdzdri, sdvkcj fkves dci praperty, estdmfksgkcj sktudtkacdf lactraf, dci restarkcj carodf aperdtkacs. Fkhesdvkcj dci respacier sdhety wkff dfwdys me tge gkjgest prkarktkes dci tge rst amèltkves kc tge KDR. Yge Aperdtkacs \eltkac Lgkeh ks respacskmfe ta Kclkiect Laoodci har tge ikrelt odcdjeoect ah dff kclkiect-refdtei tdltkldf dltkvktkes. Yge Aperdtkacs \eltkac Lgkeh wkff estdmfksg tdltkls har h ar tge dsskjcei aperdtkacdf perkai. Dc Aperdtkacs \eltkac Lgkeh sgaufi me ieskjcdtei har edlg aperdtkacdf perkai, dci respacskmkfktkes kclfuie ikrelt kcvafveoect kc ievefapoect ah tge KDR. 4=2 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Yge Aperdtkacs \eltkac ks laopasei ah tge haffawkcj0 4. Mrdclges Mrdclges ody me hucltkacdf, jeajrdpgkl, ar matg, iepecikcj ac tge lkrluostdcles ah tge kclkiect. Kc jecerdf, Mrdclges dre estdmfksgei wgec tge cuomer ah Ikvkskacs ar Jraups exleeis tge relaooeciei spdc ah lactraf. Mrdclges dre kiectkei my tge use ah ]aodc cuoerdfs ar my hucltkacdf dred. =. Ikvkskacs dci Jraups Ikvkskacs dci/ar Jraups Ygey dre estdmfksgei wgec tge cuomer ah resaurles exleeis tge odcdjedmfe spdc ah lactraf ah Kclkiect Laoodci dci tge Aperdtkacs \eltkac Lgkeh. Ikvkskacs dre estdmfksgei ta ikvkie dc kclkiect kcta pgyskldf ar jeajrdpgkldf dreds ah aperdtkac. Jraups dre estdmfksgei ta ikvkie tge kclkiect kcta hucltkacdf dreds ah aperdtkac. Har lertdkc types ah kclkiects, har exdopfe, Kclkiect Laoodci ody dsskjc evdludtkac ar odss-ldre respacskmkfktkes ta d hucltkacdf Jraup kc tge Aperdtkacs \eltkac. Diiktkacdf fevefs ah supervkskac ody dfsa exkst mefaw tge Ikvkskac ar Jraup fevef. <. ]esaurles ]esaurles ody me arjdckzei dci odcdjei kc tgree ikhherect wdys, iepecikcj ac tge requkreoects ah tge kclkiect. • \kcjfe ]esaurles0 Kcikvkiudf persaccef ar equkpoect dci dcy dssalkdtei aperdtars. • Ydsn Harles0 Dcy laomkcdtkac ah resaurles dsseomfei kc suppart ah d spelkl oksskac ar aperdtkacdf ceei. Dff resaurle efeoects wktgkc d Ydsn Harle oust gdve laooac laoouckldtkacs dci d ieskjcdtei fedier. • \trkne Yedos0 D set cuomer ah resaurles ah tge sdoe nkci dci type tgdt gdve dc estdmfksgei okckouo cuomer ah persaccef. Dff resaurle 4=4 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY efeoects wktgkc d \trkne Yedo oust gdve laooac laoouckldtkacs dci d ieskjcdtei fedier. Yge use ah Ydsn Harles dci \trkne Yedos ks eclaurdjei, wgec dppraprkdte, ta aptkokze tge use ah resaurles, reiule tge spdc ah lactraf aver d fdrje cuomer ah resaurles, dci reiule tge laopfexkty ah skcjfe kclkiect odcdjeoect laarikcdtkac dci laoouckldtkacs. m. Rfdcckcj \eltkac Yge Rfdcckcj \eltkac laffelts, evdfudtes, dci iksseokcdtes kclkiect sktudtkac kcharodtkac dci kcteffkjecle ta tge KL/UL dci kclkiect odcdjeoect persaccef. Ygks \eltkac prepdres stdtus reparts, ikspfdys sktudtkac kcharodtkac, odkctdkcs tge stdtus ah resaurles dsskjcei ta tge kclkiect, dci prepdres dci ialuoects tge KDR, mdsei ac Aperdtkacs \eltkac kcput dci jukidcle hrao tge KL/UL. Ds sgawc kc tge KL\ arjdckzdtkac mefaw, tge Rfdcckcj \eltkac ks laoprksei ah haur prkodry Uckts, ds weff ds d cuomer ah telgckldf spelkdfksts ta dsskst kc evdfudtkcj tge sktudtkac, ievefapkcj pfdcckcj aptkacs, dci hareldstkcj requkreoects har diiktkacdf resaurles. Zktgkc tge Rfdcckcj \eltkac, tge haffawkcj prkodry Uckts hufff hucltkacdf requkreoects0  ]esaurles Uckt0 ]espacskmfe har relarikcj tge stdtus ah resaurles laookttei ta tge kclkiect. Ygks Uckt dfsa evdfudtes resaurles laookttei lurrectfy ta tge kclkiect, tge ehhelts diiktkacdf respacikcj resaurles wkff gdve ac tge kclkiect, dci dctklkpdtei resaurle ceeis.  \ktudtkac Uckt0 ]espacskmfe har tge laffeltkac,  4== arjdckzdtkac, dci dcihardcdfysks kclkiect stdtus kcharodtkac, dcdfysks ah ah tge sktudtkac ds kt prajresses. Ieoamkfkzdtkac Uckt0 ]espacskmfe har ecsurkcj arierfy, sdhe, dci ehlkect ieoamkfkzdtkac ah IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY  kclkiect resaurles. Ialuoectdtkac Uckt0 ]espacskmfe har laffeltkcj, relarikcj, dci sdhejudrikcj dff ialuoects refevdct ta tge kclkiect. • Yelgckldf \pelkdfkst(s)0 Rersaccef wktg spelkdf snkffs tgdt ldc me usei dcywgere wktgkc tge KL\ arjdckzdtkac. Yge Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo Arjdckzdtkac Yge KL\ arjdckzdtkac, ds dc ac-slece fevef laoodci dci odcdjeoect strulture, sgaufi me faldtei dt tge KLR, wgklg ks jecerdffy faldtei dt ar kc tge kooeikdte vklkckty ah tge kclkiect skte. Kt ks cat d perodcect strulture car wkff repfdle exkstkcj I]]OLs/ atger skokfdr arjdckzdtkacs kc pumfkl dci prkvdte djeclkes ar ectktkes. Kt ks ieskjcei ta ecdmfe ehheltkve dci ehlkect kclkiect odcdjeoect my kctejrdtkcj d laomkcdtkac ah hdlkfktkes, equkpoect, persaccef, praleiures, dci laoouckldtkacs aperdtkcj wktgkc d laooac arjdckzdtkacdf strulture. RAFKL[ \YDYEOECY\ 4. Kc fkce wktg tge pafkly ah tge stdte ta ievefap, praoate dci kopfeoect d laopregecskve Cdtkacdf Iksdster ]ksn ]eiultkac dci Odcdjeoect Rfdc (CI]]OR) tgdt dkos ta strecjtgec tge ldpdlkty ah tge cdtkacdf javercoect dci tge faldf javercoect uckts (FJUs), tajetger wktg pdrtcer stdnegafiers, ta mukfi tge iksdster reskfkecle ah laooucktkes, dci ta kcstktutkacdfkze drrdcjeoects dci oedsures har reiulkcj iksdster rksns, kclfuikcj praèltei lfkodte rksns, dci ecgdclkcj iksdster prepdreicess dci respacse ldpdmkfktkes dt dff fevefs, dc estdmfksgei dff-gdzdris dci Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo ks geremy kcstktutkacdfkzei kc tge RI]]O\ ds dc ac-slece iksdster respacse dci odcdjeoect oelgdckso dt dff fevefs ah I]]OLs, kclfuikcj pumfkl dci prkvdte seltar djeclkes. 4=< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY =. Ds pdrt ah tgks KL\ kcstktutkacdfkzdtkac praless, dff laclercei sgdff eciedvar ta ldrry aut ldpdlkty mukfikcj prajrdos har tgekr KL\ arjdckzdtkac tgraujg tge laciult ah KL\ trdkckcj, arjdckzdtkac ah dc Dff-Gdzdri Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Yedos (KOYs), ievefapoect ah stdci-my drrdcjeoects dci pratalafs har KOY catkldtkac, dltkvdtkac, iepfayoect dci iedltkvdtkac dci iecei atger refdtei dltkvktkes. Yge Cdtkacdf KL\ Ldire ucier tgks Oeoardciuo Lkrlufdr sgdff tdne tge fedi kc uciertdnkcj tge KL\ ldpdlkty mukfikcj dci ievefapoect prajrdo ucier tge fediersgkp ah tge Ahle ah Lkvkf Iehecse. <. Dff kclkiects dre expeltei ta me odcdjei faldffy tgraujg tgekr Faldf I]]OLs my uskcj tgekr awc eoerjecly respacse tedos/persaccef, sulg ds \edrlg dci ]eslue, ]dpki Idodje dci Ceeis Dssessoect dci Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Yedos, ds weff ds odterkdf resaurles mdsei ac tge haffawkcj lrkterkd0 <.4 Yge Mdrdcjdy Ievefapoect Laookttee (MIL), kh d mdrdcjdy ks dhheltei> <.= Yge lkty/oucklkpdf lkty/oucklkpdf I]]OL, I]]OL, kh kh twa (=) ar ar oare mdrdcjdys dre dhheltei> <.< Yge pravkclkdf pravkclkdf I]]OL, kh twa (=) ar oare lktkes/oucklkpdfktkes dre dhheltei> <.9 Yge rejkacdf I]]OL, kh twa (=) ar oare pravkcles dre dhheltei> <.5 Yge CI]]OL, kh twa (=) ar oare rejkacs dre dhheltei 9. Yge CI]]OL dci kcteroeikdry Faldf I]]OLs sgdff dfwdys dlt ds suppart ta FJUs wgklg gdve tge prkodry respacskmkfkty ds rst iksdster respaciers ta dcy kclkiect allurrkcj wktgkc tgekr ùrksikltkacs. Har tgks purpase, tge Cdtkacdf Lauclkf dci kcteroeikdry faldf I]]OLs sgdff lactkcue ta pravkie suppart hucltkacs ta tge dhheltei FJUs ta ecsure tgdt tdltkldf amèltkves dt tge efi fevef dre dlgkevei, dci kooeikdte eoerjecly respacse aperdtkac aperdtkac ks laarikcdtei laarikcdtei ta dsskst kc tge trdcsktkac hrao ac-slece eoerjecly 4=9 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY aperdtkacs ta edrfy relavery dci regdmkfktdtkac aperdtkacs ta me uciertdnec my tge rejufdr oeomer djeclkes / guodcktdrkdc dsskstdcle lfusters ah I]]OLs kc dhheltei dreds. 5. Dc CI]]OL Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Yedo (CKOY) ks lacstktutei ta me laopasei ah oeomers ah tge Cdtkacdf KL\ Ldire ds iecei ucier tgks Lkrlufdr. Ds sulg, tge CKOY ks expeltei ta serve ds ace ah tge eoerjecly respacse tedos ah tge Cdtkacdf Lauclkf ta ldrry aut ac-slece kclkiect odcdjeoect hucltkacs mdsei ac tge dmave lrkterkd ar wgecever tge sktudtkac wdrrdcts. KORFEOECYKCJ OELGDCK\O\ Yge I]]OLs dt dff fevefs sgdff serve ds tge oelgdcksos ta ecsure tge ehheltkve kopfeoectdtkac ah tgks Oeoardciuo Lkrlufdr. Rdrtcer djeclkes kc tge KL\ Ldpdmkfkty Mukfikcj Rrajrdo, cdoefy, IKFJ - MHR dci RCR, IAG, I\ZI, OOID, HCYK, R]L, \MOD Hkre Iepdrtoect, Lkty Javercoect ah Afacjdpa, Idvda ]eslue ;44 dci Dokty Rumfkl \dhety Dldieoy dre ecàkcei ta warn lfasefy wktg ALI, ds tge Fedi Djecly, ta dttdkc tge ieskrei resufts tgereah. D Y[RKLDF KCLKIECY LAOODCI \[\YEO (KL\) A]JDCKPDYKAC 4=5 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY I]]OL Eoerjecly Aperdtkacs Lecter (EAL) “ KL\ Arjdckzdtkac Kcteraperdm Kcteraperdmkfkty kfkty Yge dmave lgdrt ieslrkmes tge refdtkacsgkp metweec dci doacj tge I]]OL Lgdkrpersac ds ]espacskmfe Ahlkdf (]A), I]]OL Eoerjecly Aperdtkacs Lecter dci tge KL\ arjdckzdtkac dt tge slece fevef. 4=8 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Yge I]]OL tgraujg kts Lgdkrpersac dci fknewkse tge ]espacskmfe Ahlkdf, pravkies tge Kclkiect Laoodcier gks pafkly ikreltkacs dci strdtejkl amèltkves, tge oksskac dci dutgarkty ta dlgkeve tge averdff prkarktkes ah tge ac-slece iksdster respacse aperdtkacs, cdoefy, fkhe sdhety, kclkiect stdmkfkzdtkac dci praperty/ecvkracoectdf lacservdtkac dci prateltkac. Yge I]]OL ApLec, wgklg ks jecerdffy faldtei dwdy hrao tge iksdster skte, supparts tge Kclkiect Laoodcier my odnkcj exelutkve / pafkly ielkskacs, laarikcdtkcj kcterdjecly refdtkacs, oamkfkzkcj dci trdlnkcj resaurles, laffeltkcj, dcdfyzkcj dci iksseokcdtkcj kcharodtkac dci lactkcuausfy pravkikcj dfert divksarkes/muffetkcs dci oacktarkcj ah tge amtdkckcj sktudtkac. Yge EAL iaes cat laoodci tge ac-slece fevef ah tge kclkiect. Ac tge atger gdci, tge Kclkiect Laoodcier odcdjes tge kclkiect dt tge slece wktg tge suppart ah tge refevdct Laoodci dci Jecerdf \tdhh iepecikcj ac tge laopfexkty ah tge sktudtkac. Yge KL dfsa neeps tge Ahlkdf / I]]OL Lgdkrpersac dci tge EAL]espacskmfe ah dff-kopartdct odtters pertdkckcj ta tge kclkiect. A]JDCKPKCJ DCI ODCDJKCJ KCLKIECY\ DCI EXECY\ Odcdjkcj Rfdccei Evects Rfdccei evects dre arjdckzei jdtgerkcjs sulg ds pdrdies, estds, laclerts, lacherecles dci atger evects usudffy lgdrdlterkzei my gdvkcj gkjg-iecskty papufdtkac ah duikecles requkrkcj selurkty servkles. Lacskierdtkacs har Rfdccei Evects     Yype ah evect Iksdster/kclkiect slecdrkas tgdt ody allur Faldtkac, skze dci expeltei iurdtkac \kcjfe ar ouftk-djecly pdrtklkpdtkac 4=: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY      \kcjfe ar ouftk-ùrksikltkacdf ar ouftk-cdtkacdf fevef evect Laoodci stdhh ceeis Nkcis, types dci cuomer ah resaurles \tdjkcj dreds requkrei Hdlkfktkes har atger requkreoects sulg ds laoouckldtkac sdcktdtkac, oeikldf, etl. Kcktkdf \teps kc Arjdckzkcj har dcy Kclkiect 4. \kze up tge sktudtkac. =. Ieterokce kh tgere fkves dt kooeikdte rksn. <. Estdmfksg tge kooeikdte amèltkves. 9. Ieterokce kh tgere ecaujg dci celessdry resaurles ac slece dci/ar requestei. 5. Ievefap dc Kclkiect Dltkac Rfdc. 8. Estdmfksg kcktkdf KL\ Arjdckzdtkac. :. Lacskier spdc ah lactraf, persaccef sdhety hdltars dci ecvkracoectdf kssues. 7. Oacktar warn prajress. ;. ]evkew dci oaikhy amèltkves dci diùst tge KDR ds celessdry. Hdltars kc Ieterokckcj tge \kze ah tge Arjdckzdtkac  Diokckstrdtkve dci ùrksikltkacdf dutgarkty  Jeajrdpgkldf dreds kcvafvei  \pdc ah lactraf lacskierdtkacs  Hucltkacdf spelkdftkes requkrei   4=7 Fajkstkldf pfdcckcj dci atger suppart ceeis Ratectkdf har jrawtg dci pafktkldf kopartdcle KL\ IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY KCLKIECY/EXECY D\\E\\OECY DCI ODCDJEOECY M[ AM@ELYKXE\ \ktudtkac Dwdrecess Kt ks tge perleptkac ah wgdt tge lurrect stdtus ah tge kclkiect dci wgdt yau dre iakcj kc refdtkac ta tge kclkiect dci yaur amèltkves. Kt dfsa kcvafves tge dmkfkty ta preiklt lgdcjes kc tge stdtus ah tge kclkiect dci yaur huture dltkacs. Gaw ta Jecerdte \ktudtkac Dwdrecess  Kiectkhy lurrect dci patectkdf pramfeos.  ]elajckze tge ceei har dltkac espelkdffy har dtypkldf sktudtkacs.  Ia CAY kjcare kcharodtkac ikslrepdclkes.  \een dci pravkie kcharodtkac mehare dltkcj.  Lactkcue laffeltkcj kcharodtkac dmaut tge kclkiect dci dsskjcoect odie.  Kiectkhy ievkdtkacs hrao tge expeltei.  Laoouckldte yaur sktudtkac dwdrecess ta dff tedo oeomers. Kclkiect Laopfexkty0 Hdltars ta Lacskier Kopdlt ta fkves, prapertkes dci tge elacaoy \dhety ah tge respaciers dci tge laooucktkes Ratectkdf gdzdris Zedtger dci atger ecvkracoectdf kcuecles Fknefkgaai ah ldsldikcj evects Ratectkdf guodc-kciulei tgredts sulg ds lrkoes dci terrarkso Rafktkldf secsktkvkty, extercdf kcuecles dci oeikd refdtkacs Dreds kcvafvei dci ùrksikltkacdf maucidrkes Dvdkfdmkfkty ah resaurles • • • • • • • • • 4=; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Odcdjeoect my Amèltkves KL\ ks odcdjei my amèltkves. Amèltkves dre laoouckldtei tgraujgaut tge ectkre KL\ arjdckzdtkac tgraujg tge kclkiect pfdcckcj praless. • • Amèltkves, \trdtejkes dci Ydltkls Amèltkves “ stdte wgdt wkff me dllaopfksgei.  \trdtejkes “ estdmfksg tge jecerdf pfdc ar ikreltkac  har dllaopfksgkcj tge kclkiect amèltkves,  Ydltkls “ spelkhy gaw tge strdtejkes wkff me exelutei. Estdmfksgkcj dci Kopfeoectkcj Amèltkves 4. Ucierstdci djecly pafkly dci ikreltkac. =. Dssess kclkiect sktudtkac. <. Estdmfksg kclkiect amèltkves. 9. 5. 8. \efelt dppraprkdte strdtejkes ta dlgkeve amèltkves. Rerharo tdltkldf ikreltkac. Rravkie celessdry haffaw-up. YGE KL\ HDLKFKYKE\ Hdlkfkty “ faldtkac wgere prkodry laoodci hucltkacs dre perharoei. Acfy ace Kclkiect Laoodci Rast (KLR) har every kclkiect. Estdmfksgkcj tge KLR  Kcktkdffy, tge KLR sgdff me estdmfksgei cedr tge kclkiect dred.  KLR sgaufi cat me oavei/refaldtei ucfess dmsafutefy celessdry.  Ygere oust me selurkty dci lactraf dlless ta tge 4<2 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY      KLR ds celessdry. KLR dltkvdtkac dci faldtkac oust me dccauclei sa dppraprkdte persaccef dre catkei. \gaufi me fdrje ecaujg ta pravkie diequdte warnkcj raao har dsskjcei persaccef. \gaufi lactdkc sktudtkac dci resaurles stdtus ikspfdys celessdry har tge kclkiect. Oust me pasktkacei dwdy hrao kclkiect cakse, tge presect dci patectkdf gdzdri zace dci lachuskac. Lactrafs dci dssksts tge lgeln-kc ah persaccef wga drrkve dt tge kclkiect vkd prkvdtefy awcei vegklfes ar atger prkvdte oedcs. Zgec ta expdci tge KLR1 Kclkiects odcdje ucier uckei laoodci Facj-tero kclkiects Kclkiects requkrkcj dc ac-slece laoouckldtkacs lecter Kclkiects requkrkcj d huffy stdhhei pfdcckcj hucltkac Kclkiects requkrkcj d huff Laoodci \tdhh dci Djecly ]epresectdtkves pasktkacs. • • • • • \tdjkcj Dred “ Yeopardry faldtkac har resaurles dwdktkcj dsskjcoects. Kclkiects ody gdve severdf stdjkcj dreds wktg odp syomaf. Estdmfksgkcj tge \tdjkcj Dred  Dff stdjkcj wkff gdve d Odcdjer.  \tdjkcj dreds wkff me jkvec d cdoe wgklg ieslrkmes    tgekr jecerdf faldtkac. ]esaurles kc stdjkcj dred oust ac d tgree-okcute dvdkfdmfe stdtus. Ody kclfuie huefkcj dci sdcktdtkac. Ody me ieskjcdtei har lertdkc nkcis ah resaurles. 4<4 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Yge Mdse “ ks tge faldtkac har prkodry suppart dltkvktkes dci tge faldtkac har aut-ah-servkle equkpoect (har repdkr) dci persaccef (har oeikldtkac). Estdmfksgkcj tge Mdse Estdmfksgkcj  Ygere sgaufi me acfy ace mdse estdmfksgei har edlg kclkiect.  Odcdjeoect ah tge mdse laoes hrao tge Fajkstkls \eltkac.  D mdse odcdjer wkff me ieskjcdtei upac tge estdmfksgoect ah d mdse.  Kt ks divksdmfe ta pre-ieskjcdte passkmfe mdse faldtkacs. Ldop “ d teopardry faldtkac ta pravkie servkles ta tge KL\ persaccef. Kclkiects ody gdve severdf ldops dci odcdjei my d Ldop Odcdjer. Estdmfksgkcj tge Ldop  Faldtkac ah ldops ldc me oavei.  Dff mdse dltkvktkes ody me perharoei dt tge ldop.  Ldop ks ieskjcdtei my d jeajrdpgkl cdoe ar cuomer. Yge Gefkmdse “ d faldtkac wgere gefklapter ody me pdrnei, odkctdkcei, huefei dci fadiei dci odcdjei my d Gefkmdse Odcdjer. Estdmfksgkcj tge Gefkmdse Estdmfksgkcj  Fdrje kclkiects ody gdve oare tgdc ace Gefkmdse.  Gefkmdse ldc me faldtei dt dkrpart ar atger ahhkclkiect faldtkac.   4<= Ieskjcdtei my cdoe ah kclkiect/evect. Kt ks cat carodffy oavei acle kt ks estdmfksgei. IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Yge Gefkspats  D teopardry faldtkac wgere gefklapter ldc sdhefy fdci dci tdne ahh.  Usei ta fadi ar ahh-fadi persaccef, equkpoect dci suppfkes.  Ody gdve severdf gefkspats. Y]DC\HE] AH LAOODCI, IEOAMKFKPDYKAC DCI LFA\E AUY Yrdcsher ah Laoodci “ tge praless ah oavkcj tge respacskmkfkty ah laoodci hrao Kclkiect Laoodcier ta dcatger KL. Yge drrkvdf ah d oare qudfkei persac iaes cat celessdrkfy oedc d lgdcje kc kclkiect laoodci. Yge oare qudfkei kcikvkiudf ody “  Dssuoe laoodci dllarikcj ta jukiefkces.  Odkctdkc lurrect laoodci ds kt ks dci oacktar kts dltkvkty dci ehheltkvecess.  ]equest dcatger oare qudfkei KL ds ceeiei. Zgecever passkmfe, trdcsher ah laoodci sgaufi>  Ydne pfdle hdle-ta-hdle  Kclfuie d laopfete mrkecj Yge ehheltkve tkoe dci idte ah tge trdcsher sgaufi me laoouckldtei ta tge laclercei persaccef. Yrdcsher ah Laoodci Mrkecj Djecid 4. =. <. 9. \ktudtkac stdtus. Kclkiect amèltkves dci prkarktkes KDR. Lurrect arjdckzdtkac. ]esaurle dsskjcoect. 4<< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY 5. 8. :. 7. ;. ]esaurles arierei dci ec raute. Kclkiect hdlkfktkes Kclkiect laoouckldtkacs pfdc Kclkiect prajcasks, laclercs dci atger kssues Kctraiultkac ah laoodci dci jecerdf stdhh oeomers Ialuoectdtkac0 KL\ Haro =24 Yge kcktkdf KL ldc use tge KL\ Haro =24 ta ialuoect dltkacs dci sktudtkacdf kcharodtkac requkrei har trdcsher laoodci. Har oare laopfex trdcsher ah laoodci sktudtkacs, every dspelt ah tge kclkiect oust me ialuoectei dci kclfuiei kc tge trdcsher ah laoodci laoodc i mrkecj. • • \tdmkfkzkcj dci Ie-esldfdtkcj Kclkiects • • Zgec dc kc kclkiect stdmkfkzes dci ie-esldfdtes> Kclkiect odcdjeoect ks returcei ta tge arkjkcdf fevef ah kclkiect laoodci. D trdcsher ah laoodci allurs. Ieoamkfkzdtkac “ tgks rehers ta tge refedse dci returc ah resaurles tgdt dre ca facjer requkrei har tge suppart ah tge kclkiect/evect ks aver. Rfdcckcj har ieoamkfkzdtkac gefps ta>  Efkokcdte wdste  Efkokcdte patectkdf sldf dci fejdf kopdlts  Ecsure d lactraffei, sdhe, ehlkect, dci lastehheltkve refedse praless. Ieoamkfkzdtkac pafklkes dci praleiures iepecis ac tge skze ah tge kclkiect dci ody kcvafve>  Hksldf/fejdf pafklkes dci praleiures  Zarn rufes 4<9 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY   \pelkdf fklecse requkreoects Atger requkreoects Mdskl Rdrts ah Ieoamkfkzdtkac Rfdc Ieoamkfkzdtkac praless ]espacskmkfktkes • • • • • ]efedse prkarktkes ]efedse praleiures Ikreltarkes Lfase Aut “ ks tge harodf oeetkcj tgdt sgdff tdne pfdle wktg tge ]A dci tge KOY oeomers. Yge KL wkff stdy wktg tge kclkiect uctkf kts laclfuskac dci tge lfase aut oeetkcj. Ygkcjs ta iksluss iurkcj tge Lfase Aut Oeetkcj  Kclkiect suoodry dci dltkacs tdnec  Odàr evects tgdt ody gdve fdstkcj rdokldtkacs    Ialuoectdtkac, kclfuikcj laopacects har cdfkzdtkac. Appartuckty har tge ahlkdfs ta mrkcj up laclercs. Evdfudtkac ah kclkiect odcdjeoect my tge ahlkdfs. Rrepdrdtkacs har tge Lfase Aut Oeetkcjs  R\L prepdres tge djecid dci dllaopdcykcj gdciauts/suppartkcj ialuoects.  KL dppraves tge djecid. Yedo Lfase Aut Oeetkcj • • KOY ody gafi d lfase aut oeetkcj ta iksluss tedo perharodcle. Yge resufts ah lfase aut oeetkcj ldc haro pdrt ah tge ‖dhter dltkac revkew‟ ar ‖fessacs fedrcei‟ suoodry repart. 4<5 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY \UOODYKXE EXDFUDYKAC RD]Y K “ IEHKCKYKAC0 Iece tge haffawkcj teros. 4. Lrksks Odcdjeoect QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ =. Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ <. Yrdcsher ah Laoodci QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 9. Ieoamkfkzdtkac QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 5. Lfase Aut QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 4<8 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY RD]Y KK “ E\\D[ DCI ECUOE]DYKAC0 Kc d lfedc sgeet ah pdper, dcswer wgdt ks dsnei mefaw0 4. Ieslrkme tge ialtrkce dci pgdses ah lrksks odcdjeoect. =. Zgdt <. Ieslrkme edlg. Gaw ta estdmfksg dc Kclkiect Laoodci Rast (KLR)1 dre tge ikhherect cejatkdtkac oaiefs1 9. Kffustrdte tge typkldf Kclkiect Laoodci \ysteo (KL\) Arjdckzdtkac. 5. Ieslrkme tge laclept ah Lgdkc ah Laoodci. 4<: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY 4<7 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Dccex D RCR ARE]DYKACDF R]ALEIU]E\ AC FDMA] IK\RUYE\ (]ufe Ca. =9) Jecerdf Rafkly dci Jukiefkces d. Yge kcvafveoect ah RCR persaccef iurkcj strknes, falnauts dci fdmar iksputes kc jecerdf sgdff me fkoktei ta tge odkctecdcle ah pedle dci arier, echarleoect ah fdws, dci kopfeoectdtkac ah fejdf ariers ah tge iufy lacstktutei dutgarktkes. m. Yge RCR sgdff acfy recier dsskstdcle ta fdmar iksputes upac wrkttec request diiressei ta tge ]ejkacdf Ikreltar/ Ikstrklt Ikreltar laclercei. Kc ldse ah dltudf vkafecle, tge pafkle ldc respaci wktgaut tge wrkttec request. l. Kcsahdr ds prdltkldmfe, ca RCR persaccef sgdff me dffawei ta recier pafkle dsskstdcle kc lacceltkac wktg d strkne ar falnaut kh tgere ks questkac ar laopfdkct ds rejdris gks refdtkacsgkp my dhfflckty ar lacsdcjukckty ta dcy ahffllkdf/fedier ah tge pdrtkes kc tge lactraversy ar kh ge gds fflcdclkdf ar peluckdry kcterest tgerekc. i. RCR persaccef ietdkfei ds pedle-neepkcj harle kc strkne ar falnaut dreds sgdff me kc preslrkmei uckharo dt dff tkoes. e. Ygey sgdff exerlkse odxkouo taferdcle dci wgec ldffei har my tge sktudtkac ar wgec dff atger pedlehuf dci cac-vkafect oedcs gdve meec exgdustei, pafkle ahffllers ody eopfay sulg oedcs ds ody me celessdry dci redsacdmfe ta prevect ar repef dc djjresskac. h. Yge odtter ah ieterokckcj wgetger d strkne, pklnet ar falnaut ks fejdf ar cat sgaufi me feht ta Iepdrtoect ah Fdmar dci Eopfayoect (IAFE) 4<; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY dci kts dppraprkdte djeclkes. RCR persaccef sgaufi cat kcterhere kc d strkne, pklnet ar falnaut, exlept ds gerekc pravkiei. j. Ca persacdf eslart sgdff me pravkiei ta dcy ah tge pdrtkes ta tge lactraversy ucfess upac wrkttec request hrao IAFE. Zgecever eslarts dre ta me pravkiei, Dff tge eslarts atger pdrty kcharoei dllarikcjfy. sgdff sgdff me kcmepreslrkmei uckharo dt dff tkoes. g. Iurkcj tge peciecly ah d strkne/falnaut, tge pafkle persaccef laclercei dre pragkmktei hrao salkdfkzkcj wktg dcy ah tge pdrtkes kcvafvei kc tge lactraversy. k. Fkdksac sgdff me estdmfksgei dci odkctdkcei wktg tge represectdtkves ah IAFE, odcdjeoect dci tge uckac kc tge strkne/falnaut dred har tge purpase ah odkctdkckcj pedle dci arier, ds weff ds ta odkctdkc d lactkcukcj pedlehuf ikdfajue metweec tge pdrtkes ta tge strkne/ falnaut. `. Yge pedle-neepkcj ietdkf sgdff cat me stdtkacei kc tge pklnet fkce (ar lachractdtkac fkce) mut sgaufi me stdtkacei kc sulg odccer tgdt tgekr presecle ody ieter tge laooksskac ah lrkokcdf dlts ar dcy uctawdri kclkiect hrao ektger skie. Yge oeomers ah tge pedleneepkcj ietdkf sgdff stdy autskie d 52-oeter rdikus hrao tge pklnet fkce. Kc ldses wgere kc tge 52-oeter rdikus kclfuies d pumfkl tgaraujghdre, tgey ody stdtkac tgeosefves kc sulg pumfkl tgaraujghdre har tge purpase ah ecsurkcj tge hree ﬍ aw ah trdhffll. Dppfkldmfe Fejdf Rdrdoeters Yge pertkcect pravkskacs ah tge Rumfkl Dsseomfy Dlt ah 4;75 (Mdtds Rdomdcsd Mkfdcj 772), tge Fdmar Laie ah tge Rgkfkppkces, ds doeciei dci atger dppfkldmfe fdws, sgdff me amservei iurkcj rdffkes, strknes, ieoacstrdtkacs ar atger pumfkl dsseomfkes. Fdw echarleoect djects 492 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY sgdff, dt dff tkoes0 d. Exerlkse odxkouo taferdcle. m. Kc ldse ah ucfdwhuf djjresskac, acfy redsacdmfe harle ody me eopfayei ta prevect ar repef kt. l. Yge eopfayoect ah tedr jds dci wdter ldccacs sgdff me odie ucier tge lactraf dci supervkskac ah tge Jrauci Laoodcier. i. Ca drrest ah dcy fedier, arjdckzer, ar pdrtklkpdct sgdff me odie iurkcj tge pumfkl dsseomfy, ucfess ge/sge vkafdtes dcy pertkcect fdw ds evkiecle wdrrdcts. \ervkle ah Fdwhuf Ariers ar Zrkt Yge servkle ah Iepdrtoect ah Fdmar dci Eopfayoect (IAFE), laurt, ar atger fdwhuf ariers ar wrkts ks tge prkodry laclerc ah tge IAFE represectdtkve, sgerkhh, dci represectdtkve ah tge javercoect djecly kssukcj tge arier, respeltkvefy. Yge rafe ah tge RCR ks acfy suppartkve. wgec spelkfflldffy stdtei sulg dci requestei kc tge arier Acfy ar wrkt sgdff tge RCR echarle ariers ar wrkts. Rragkmktei Fdmar Dltkvktkes Ca persaccef ah tge RCR sgdff0 d. Mrkcj kc, kctraiule ar eslart kc dcy odccer, dcy kcikvkiudf wga seens ta repfdle strkners kc ecterkcj ar fedvkcj tge preokses ar d strkne dred> ar m. Zarn kc repfdleoect ah tge strkners 494 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Dccex M RCR ARE]DYKACDF R]ALEIU]E\ AC ]DFFKE\ DCI IEOAC\Y]DYKAC\ (]ufe Ca. =5) Rafklkes d. Yge RCR digeres ta tge Laie ah Laciult har Fdw Echarleoect Ahffllkdfs diaptei my tge Jecerdf Dsseomfy ah tge Ucktei Cdtkacs wgklg requkres fdw echarleoect ahffllkdfs ta respelt dci pratelt guodc ikjckty, odkctdkc dci upgafi tge guodc rkjgts ah dff persacs, dci fkokt tge use ah harle ta sktudtkacs wgere kt ks strkltfy celessdry dci ta tge extect requkrei har tge perharodcle ah tgekr iuty. m. Rumfkl dsseomfkes gefi kc hreeiao pdrns ar ac prkvdte praperty ia cat ceei d perokt har tge dltkvkty. Rumfkl dsseomfy wktg perokt ar ace gefi kc d hreeiao praperty sgdffdci cat ca me ikspersei ds pdrn facj ar dsprkvdte kt reodkcs pedlehuf kclkiecle ah vkafecle allurs. l. Yge RCR sgdff pravkie pafkle dsskstdcle acfy wgec requestei my tge fediers ar arjdckzers har odkctecdcle ah pedle dci arier ar ta ecsure tge sdhety ah tgase pdrtklkpdtkcj kc tge pumfkl dsseomfkes gefi kc hreeiao pdrns ar ac prkvdte praperty. i. D pumfkl dsseomfy gefi kc d pumfkl pfdle oust gdve d perokt hrao tge odyar ah tge lkty ar oucklkpdfkty exerlkskcj ùrksikltkac aver tge pfdle wgere kt wkff me gefi. e. D pumfkl dsseomfy gefi wktg ar wktgaut d perokt ody me pedlehuffy ikspersei. D pumfkl dsseomfy wktg d perokt ody me ikspersei kh tge sdoe ks mekcj gefi kc vkafdtkac ah tge teros dci laciktkacs kopasei kc tge perokt. Kc matg ldses, mehare 49= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY laciultkcj dcy ikspersdf aperdtkac, tge RCR sgdff catkhy tge laclercei arjdckzers dci fediers ah tge pumfkl dsseomfy. h. Fkjgtckcj ieoacstrdtkacs ar rdffkes kc dreds wgere pumfkl dsseomfy ks pragkmktei sgdff me ikspersei pedlehuffy. Gawever, sgaufi dcy ah tge pdrtklkpdcts rehuse ta iksperse vafuctdrkfy ar vkafdte dcy fdw ar arikcdcle iurkcj dc ucdutgarkzei pumfkl dsseomfy> tgey sgdff me tdnec kcta pafkle lustaiy dci me lgdrjei dllarikcjfy. j. Jrauci Laoodciers dre respacskmfe kc ieterokckcj wgetger tgere ks d perokt har tge gafikcj ah tge pumfkl dsseomfy. g. Lfase laarikcdtkac wktg tge odyar ah tge lkty ar oucklkpdfkty, ar gks represectdtkve, wgere tge pumfkl dsseomfy ks mekcj gefi sgaufi dfwdys me odkctdkcei espelkdffy wgec d perokt gds cat meec kssuei mut dc dppfkldtkac gds meec ffl fei prkar ta tge gafikcj ah tge pumfkl dsseomfy. k. Odxkouo taferdcle sgdff me exerlksei kc tge laciult ah ikspersdf aperdtkacs. Xkafdtars ah tge fdw sgdff me dppregeciei dci mraujgt ta tge cedrest Rafkle \tdtkac har praper ikspasktkac. Fkoktdtkacs ac tge ]afe ah tge RCR Yge RCR sgdff cat kcterhere wktg tge gafikcj ah d pumfkl dsseomfy. Gawever, ta ecsure pumfkl sdhety dci ta odkctdkc pedle dci arier iurkcj tge dsseomfy, tge pafkle lactkcject ucier tge laoodci ah d RLA preherdmfy wktg tge rdcn ah Rafkle \eckar Kcspeltar ody me ietdkfei dci stdtkacei kc d pfdle dt fedst ace gucirei (422) oeters dwdy hrao tge dred ah dltkvkty. Jukiefkces har Lkvkf Iksturmdcle Odcdjeoect (LIO) Lactkcject Iurkcj ]dffkes/Ieoacstrdtkacs d. LIO lactkcject sgdff me kc preslrkmei uckharo wktgaut ffl redro. 49< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY m. Yedr jds, soane jrecdies, wdter ldccacs, ar dcy skokfdr dctk-rkat ievkle sgdff me usei acfy wgec tge pumfkl dsseomfy ks dtteciei my dltudf vkafecle ar serkaus tgredts ah vkafecle, ar iefkmerdte iestrultkac ah praperty. Ikspersdf ah Rumfkl Dsseomfy wktg Rerokt Dff pumfkl dsseomfy wktg d perokt sgdff cat me ikspersei. Gawever, wgec dc dsseomfy melaoes vkafect, tge pafkle ody iksperse sulg pumfkl dsseomfy kc tge haffawkcj odccer0 Dt tge fflrst skjc ah kopecikcj vkafecle, tge d. Jrauci Laoodcier ah tge RCR lactkcject sgdff sg dff ldff tge dttectkac ah tge fediers ah tge pumfkl dsseomfy dci dsn tge fdtter ta prevect dcy passkmfe iksturmdcle> Kh dltudf vkafecle redlges d pakct wgere ralns m. ar atger gdrohuf amèlts hrao tge pdrtklkpdcts dre tgrawc dt tge pafkle ahffllers ar dt tge cac-pdrtklkpdcts, ar dt dcy praperty, lduskcj idodje ta kt, tge Jrauci Laoodcier ah tge RCR lactkcject sgdff duikmfy wdrc tge pdrtklkpdcts tgdt kh tge iksturmdcle persksts, tge pumfkl dsseomfy wkff me ikspersei> Kh tge vkafecle ar iksturmdcle iaes cat stap, tge l. Jrauci Laoodcier ah tge RCR lactkcject sgdff sg dff duikmfy kssue d wdrckcj ta tge pdrtklkpdcts ah tge pumfkl dsseomfy, dci dhter dffawkcj d redsacdmfe perkai ah tkoe ta fdpse, ge sgdff kooeikdtefy arier kt ta iksperse> dci Ca drrest ah dcy fedier, arjdckzer ar pdrtklkpdct i. sgdff me odie ucfess ge vkafdtes iurkcj tge dsseomfy d fdw, stdtute, ar arikcdcle. 499 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Ikspersdf ah Rumfkl Dsseomfy Zktgaut Rerokt Zgec tge pumfkl dsseomfy ks gefi wktgaut d perokt wgere d perokt ks requkrei, tge sdki pumfkl dsseomfy ody me pedlehuffy ikspersei. Gawever, wgec tge fediers ar arjdckzers ah pumfkl dsseomfy ldc sgaw dc dppfkldtkac har perokt iufy ffl fei dt tge Ahfflle ah tge Odyar wgklg gds tge pfdle wgere tge rdffy dltkvkty wkff me gefi,ùrksikltkac dt fedst fflveaver (5) idys prkar ta tge kcteciei dci tge Odyar iki cat dlt ac tge sdoe, tge jrdct ah tge perokt mekcj tgec presuoei ucier tge fdw, dci kt wkff me tge muriec ah tge dutgarktkes ta sgaw tgdt tgere gds meec d ieckdf ah tge dppfkldtkac, kc wgklg ldse, tge rdffy ody me pedlehuffy ikspersei haffawkcj tge praleiure ah odxkouo taferdcle preslrkmei my fdw. Rragkmktei Dlts Kt sgdff me pragkmktei har d pafkle ahffller ta laookt tge haffawkcj dlts iurkcj pedlehuf dsseomfy0 d. Amstrultkcj, kopeikcj, iksruptkcj ar atgerwkse iecykcj tge exerlkse ah tge rkjgt ta pedlehuf dsseomfy> m. Yge uccelessdry ffl rkcj ah ffl redros ta iksperse tge pumfkl dsseomfy> l. Dlts kc vkafdtkac ah ]ufe =5.5 gereah> i. Dlts ieslrkmei gereucier kh laookttei wktgkc ace gucirei (422) oeters hrao tge dred ah dltkvkty ah tge pumfkl dsseomfy> (4) Yge ldrrykcj ah d iedify ar ahhecskve wedpac ar ievkle sulg ds ffl redro, pkffmax, maom, dci tge fkne> (=) Yge ldrrykcj ah d mfdiei wedpac> (<) Yge odfklkaus murckcj ah dcy amèlt kc tge streets ar tgaraujghdres> (9) Yge ldrrykcj ah ffl redros my LIO lactkcjects> (5) Yge kcterherkcj wktg ar kctectkacdffy 495 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY iksturmkcj tge gafikcj ah d pumfkl dsseomfy my tge use ah d oatar o atar vegklfe, kts garcs dci faui sauci systeos> (8) Yge irkcnkcj ah fkquar ar dflagafkl meverdjes> dci (:) Jdomfkcj ah dcy nkci. = Rafkle ]espacses Iurkcj Rumfkl Dsseomfy Yge haffawkcj dre tge pafkle respacses iurkcj tge pfdcckcj stdje, kcktkdf dci pedlehuf stdje, lachractdtkacdf stdje, vkafect stdje dci past aperdtkac stdje0 d. Iurkcj Rfdcckcj \tdje 4. Kcktkdte ikdfajue wktg tge fediers/arjdckzers ta ecsure tge pedlehuf gafikcj ah d pumfkl dsseomfy, kclfuikcj doacj atgers, tge ietdkf ah pafkle eslarts. =. Rrepdre dppraprkdte selurkty dci LIO lactkcjecly pfdcs. m. Iurkcj Kcktkdf dci Redlehuf \tdje 4. Zktg Rerokt ar ar Gefi kc Hreeiao Rdrns/ Rrkvdte Rrkvdte Rrapertkes d. Yge RCR sgdff cat kcterhere wktg tge gafikcj ah d pumfkl dsseomfy. Gawever, ta diequdtefy ecsure pumfkl sdhety, d LIO lactkcject, ucier tge lactraf dci supervkskac ah d RLA sgdff me stdtkacei dt fedst ace gucirei (422) oeters dwdy hrao tge dred wgere tge pumfkl dsseomfy ks mekcj gefi. m. Oacktar tge dltkvktkes dt tge pumfkl dsseomfy dred dci respaci ta dcy request har pafkle dsskstdcle. =. Zktgaut Rerokt ar ar Rerokt gds meec revanei d. Ds saac ds kt melaoes dppdrect tgdt dc dsseomfy ks mekcj gefi kc d pumfkl pfdle, tge Jrauci Laoodcier sgdff kooeikdtefy laciult dc kcqukry wgetger tge dsseomfy 498 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ks laverei wktg d perokt ar cat. Kh d perokt laufi cat me sgawc, verkfflldtkac sgaufi kooeikdtefy me iace wktg tge Ahfflle ah tge Odyar gdvkcj ùrksikltkac aver tge pfdle wgere tge pumfkl dsseomfy ks mekcj gefi. \gaufi tge Ahfflle ah tge Odyar lacfflro tgdt d perokt gds cat meec kssuei, tge fediers/ arjdckzers sgdff me kcharoei ah tge hdlt tgdt tgey dre vkafdtkcj tge fdw dci wkff me dsnei ta iksperse pedlehuffy. m. Yge RCR sgdff exgdust dff pedlehuf reoeikes ta persudie tge ieoacstrdtars ta iksperse. Ygks ody kclfuie tge kcvafveoect ah Faldf Lgkeh Exelutkves / laoouckty fediers wgec dvdkfdmfe ta kctervece kc tge sktudtkac sa tgdt ikspersdf aperdtkacs laufi me dvakiei. cejatkdtkac hdkf dci tge l. \gaufi ieoacstrdtars rehuse ta iksperse vafuctdrkfy dci pedlehuffy, tgeremy lduskcj pumfkl kclacveckecle, LIO lactkcjects ody laooecle ikspersdf aperdtkacs. i. Iurkcj Mredlg ah Redle/Lachractdtkacdf \tdje (Zktg ar wktgaut perokt) Ca pumfkl dsseomfy wktg d perokt sgdff me ikspersei. Gawever, wgec d pumfkl dsseomfy melaoes vkafect, tge LIO lactkcjects ody iksperse sulg pumfkl dsseomfy kc tge haffawkcj odccer0 4. Dt tge fflrst skjc ah kopecikcj vkafecle, tge Jrauci Laoodcier sgdff ldff tge dttectkac ah tge fediers/ arjdckzers ah tge pumfkl dsseomfy dci dsn tge fdtter ta prevect dcy passkmfe iksturmdcle. LIO lactkcjects sgdff gafi tge fkce ta prevect ieoacstrdtars hrao praleeikcj ta atger dreds wgere tge gafikcj ah d pumfkl dsseomfy ks pragkmktei. =. Kh dltudf vkafecle redlges d pakct wgere ralns ar atger gdrohuf amèlts hrao tge pdrtklkpdcts dre tgrawc dt tge LIO lactkcjects ar tge cacpdrtklkpdcts, ar dt dcy praperty lduskcj 49: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY idodje ta kt, tge Jrauci Laoodcier sgdff duikmfy wdrc tge pdrtklkpdcts tgdt kh tge iksturmdcle persksts, tge pumfkl dsseomfy wkff me ikspersei> <. Kh tge vkafecle ar iksturmdcle iaes cat stap, tge Jrauci Laoodcier sgdff duikmfy kssue d wdrckcj ta tge pdrtklkpdcts ah tge pumfkl dsseomfy, dci dhter dffawkcj d redsacdmfe perkai ah tkoe ta fdpse, sgdff kooeikdtefy arier kt ta iksperse. Zktg tge use ah LIO harodtkacs, tge rdcn ah ieoacstrdtars sgdff me iksmdciei, lactdkcei, dci ksafdtei hrao edlg atger, dci sgaufi me prevectei hrao rejraupkcj. 9. Zdter ldccacs dci rkat stklns odyme usei ta repef djjresskac dci ta iksperse ieoacstrdtars dci reserve LIO lactkcjects ody me eopfayei wgec sktudtkac requkres. 5. Ca drrest ah dcy fedier, arjdckzer ar pdrtklkpdct sgdff me odie ucfess ge vkafdtes d fdw, stdtute, ar arikcdcle iurkcj tge dsseomfy. e. Iurkcj Xkafect \tdje 4. Cac-fetgdf wedpacs dci equkpoect ody me h. 497 usei ta suppress vkafecle, ta pratelt fkves dci prevect hurtger idodje ta prapertkes. =. RCR selurkty efeoects sgdff me tdltkldffy iepfayei ta pravkie kooeikdte dsskstdcle ta tge LIO lactkcjects. Rast-Aperdtkac \tdje 4. LIO lactkcjects sgdff me wktgirdwc dhter tge dred gds meec lfedrei ah passkmfe idcjer ta pumfkl sdhety. =. \uhffllkect pafkle harle sgdff me odkctdkcei ta ecsure pedle dci arier kc tge dred. IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Jukiefkces kc tge Use ah Cac-Fetgdf Zedpacs d. \gkefi dci Yruclgeac Iurkcj tge lachractdtkacdf stdje, truclgeac ar mdtac ody me utkfkzei acfy ta pusg mdln ieoacstrdtars dci cat ds dc kcstruoect ta strkne kcikvkiudfs. Gawever, wgec ieoacstrdtars melaoe djjresskve, truclgeac sgdff me tge prkclkpdf cac-fetgdf har ikspersdf. Kc sulg sktudtkac, LIO wedpac lactkcjects sgdff cacetgefess, use tge sdoe wktg ldutkac dci iue ikfkjecle ta dvaki uccelessdry kcùry. m. Zdter Ldccacs Zdter ldccacs ody me utkfkzei wgec ieoacstrdtars melaoe ucrufy dci djjresskve harlkcj traaps ta hdff mdln ta tgekr selacidry pasktkacs. l. Yedr Jds Yedr jds dci pepper sprdy ody me utkfkzei ta mredn up harodtkacs ar jraupkcjs ah ieoacstrdtkacs wga lactkcue ta me djjresskve dci wga rehuse ta iksperse iespkte edrfker ehharts. Jukiefkces kc iedfkcj wktg Dsseomfkes, ]dffkes, Ieoacstrdtkacs dci Odrlges tge prateltkac, prateltkac, sdhety dci wefhdre ah tge d. Ya ecsure tge pumfkl dci ieoacstrdtars ds weff, tge haffawkcj oust me amservei0 4. Lacfflcei Dsseomfkes kc Rrkvdte Rraperty (Lgurlges, \lgaafs, etl.) (d) Kcktkdte tge laciult ah ikdfajue wktg tge fediers/ arjdckzers. (m) \elure dci odkctdkc arier wktgkc tge perkoeter. =. Lacfflcei Dsseomfkes kc Hreeiao Rdrns (d) Kcktkdte tge laciult ah ikdfajue wktg tge fediers/ arjdckzers. (m) ]equest har tge perokt hrao tge fediers/ arjdckzers kh tge faldf arikcdcle ah tge dred requkres ace. 49; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY (l) \elure dci lactdkc tge dred wktgkc tge fkokts ah tge perokt ta ecsure tge arierfy dci pedlehuf laciult ah tge dsseomfy. <. Oamkfe Dsseomfkes kc d Rrkvdte Dred (d) Kcktkdte tge laciult ah ikdfajue wktg tge fediers/ arjdckzers. (m) \elure dci odkctdkc arier wktgkc tge m. l. i. e. h. j. 452 perkoeter. 9. Odrlges dci Oatarldies dfacj Rumfkl Ygaraujghdres (d) Kcktkdte tge laciult ah ikdfajue wktg tge fediers/ arjdckzers. (m) ]equest har tge perokt hrao tge fediers/ arjdckzers kh tge faldf arikcdcle ah tge dred requkres ace. (l) Ecsure tge arierfy dci pedlehuf laciult ah tge odrlges dci oatarldies ta ecsure pumfkl sdhety dci ta prevect laopraokse ah pumfkl lacveckecle. Ygere sgdff dfwdys me d ieskjcdtei Jrauci Laoodcier dt tge rdffy skte> Dppfy sfaw ikspersdf telgckque wgecever kt ks dppfkldmfe. Ydne tge jrauci kclg my kclg. Jrauci Laoodcier sgdff rehrdkc hrao uskcj wdter ldccac dci tedr jds ds oulg ds passkmfe> dci Kh celessdry, pravkie d oeikldf tedo ta exteci dsskstdcle> Dff LIO aperdtkacs sgdff me praperfy ialuoectei wktg vkiea dci pgata laverdje> ]espelt har guodc rkjgts dci equdf tredtoect dci prateltkac har everymaiy sgdff me strkltfy amservei> dci RCR persaccef sgdff amserve odxkouo taferdcle. IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Dccex L RCR ARE]DYKACDF R]ALEIU]E\ AC LKXKF IK\YU]MDCLE ODCDJEOECY ARE]DYKAC\ (]ufe Ca. =8) Jecerdf Jukiefkces Yge RCR uckts tdsnei ta odkctdkc pedle dci arier sgdff cat kcterhere wktg tge gafikcj ah pumfkl dsseomfy. Ya ecsure pumfkl sdhety, d Lkvkf Iksturmdcle Odcdjeoect (LIO) lactkcject ucier tge laoodci ah d Rafkle Laooksskacei Ahffller (RLA) wktg tge rdcn ah Rafkle \eckar Kcspeltar ar gkjger sgdff me ietdkfei dci stdtkacei dt fedst 422 oeters dwdy hrao tge pfdle wgere tge pumfkl dsseomfy ks ks mekcj gefi. Kc tge dmsecle ah dcy perokt hrao tge FJU laclercei, tge RLA kc laoodci sgaufi exert ehhart kc persudikcj tge ieoacstrdtars ta iksperse pedlehuffy dci vdldte tge pumfkl pfdle. Kc fkjgtckcj arehharts ieoacstrdtkacs, tge Jrauci Laoodcier sgdff rdffkes exgdust tgraujg ikdfajue wktg tge fediers/arjdckzers har vafuctdry ikspersdf. Kc ldse ah hdkfure, arierfy ikspersdf ta kclfuie dppregecskac ah tgase respacskmfe ks resartei ta. \pelkffll Jukiefkces Zgec dsskstdcle ks requestei my tge fediers/ arjdckzers, kt sgdff me koperdtkve har tge LIO lactkcject ta perharo tgekr iutkes wgkfe amservkcj tge rkjgts ah ieoacstrdtars. Hurtger, tge oeomers ah tge LIO lactkcject iedfkcj wktg tge ieoacstrdtars sgdff me kc preslrkmei uckharo. d. Yge LIO lactkcject sgdff cat ldrry dcy nkci ah ffl redros mut ody me equkppei wktg mdtac ar rkat stklns, lrdsg gefoets wktg vksar, jds odsns, maats ar dcnfe-gkjg sgaes wktg sgkc judris. 454 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY m. Yedr jds, soane jrecdies, wdter ldccacs, ar dcy skokfdr dctk-rkat ievkle sgdff cat me usei ucfess tge pumfkl dsseomfy ks dtteciei my dltudf vkafecle ar serkaus tgredts ah vkafecle, ar iefkmerdte iestrultkac ah praperty. Odxkouo taferdcle sgdff dfwdys me amservei. l. Yge arjdckzdtkac dci oeomersgkp ah LIO lactkcjects, ds weff ds tgekr iepfayoect dci eopfayoect, sgdff me kc dllaridcle wktg exkstkcj RCR rufes dci rejufdtkacs. LIO Aperdtkacdf Ydsns d. Ksafdte tge dred> m. \elure fknefy tdrjets> l. Lactraf lrawis> i. Estdmfksg dred lactraf> dci e. Ceutrdfkze spelkdf tgredts. LIO Aperdtkacdf Dppradlges d. Yge laooktoect ah d LIO lactkcject oust me vkewei ds d fdst fdst resart. Ygekr rafe, tgerehare, sgaufi cever me jredter tgdc wgdt ks celessdry ucier tge lkrluostdcles. Ygks iaes cat oedc tgaujg tgdt tge cuomer ah traaps eopfayei sgaufi me okckokzei. Iaumts laclerckcj tge cuomer ah traaps requkrei sgaufi carodffy me resafvei kc hdvar ah iepfayoect ah fdrje cuomer skcle tge presecle ah sulg fdrje cuomer ody prevect tge ievefapoect ah sktudtkacs kc wgklg tge use ah exlesskve harle waufi me celessdry. D fdrje reserve ah traaps sgaufi me odkctdkcei iurkcj lkvkf iksturmdcle aperdtkacs. m. Kc sefeltkcj dc aperdtkacdf dppradlg ta d lkvkf iksturmdcle sktudtkac, tge Jrauci Laoodcier dci gks persaccef oust digere ta tge ‖okckouo celessdry harle‟ prkclkpfe. 45= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Ehharts sgaufi me exertei ta lredte tge kodje ah d restrdkcei dci weff-ikslkpfkcei harle, tge safe purpase ah wgklg ks ta dsskst kc tge restardtkac ah fdw dci arier. Hurtger, wgkfe LIO lactkcject sgaufi me vkskmfe, dcy dltkvkty wgklg okjgt exlkte rdtger tgdc ldfo sgaufi me dvakiei wgec passkmfe. i. Lacskstect wktg tge lactraffkcj prkclkpfe ‖tgdt ge oust use tge okckouo celessdry harle ta dllaopfksg gks oksskac‟, tge Jrauci Laoodcier sgdff equkp tge LIO lactkcject acfy wktg rdttdc stkln/truclgeac/mdtac, sgkefi, Nevfdr gefoet dci gdciluhhs. e. Kc sktudtkacs requkrkcj tge use ah mdtac/ truclgeacs sgaufi acfy tdrjet ﬍esgy pdrt ah tge maiy sulg ds dros, tarsa, fejs, dci tgkjgs. Gkttkcj pratesters wktg tge mdtac ar truclgeac ac tge gedi, hdle, celn, sgaufiers mfdies, efmaws, fflcjers, jrakcs, ncees, dci dcnfes oust me dvakiei skcle strknes ta tgese pdrts ody lduse serkaus ta perodcect kcùrkes, ar evec iedtg. h. Rratesters tgdt dre drrestei oust me praperfy restrdkcei/gdciluhhei uskcj slkectkffll lactraf oetgais> dci tgeredhter, mraujgt sdhefy ta tge pafkle stdtkac har pralesskcj. Drrestei pratesters oust cat me nklnei, puclgei, ar irdjjei my gdkr ar heet. j. Zgecever dppraprkdte, iepfay praperfy trdkcei dci equkppei heodfe LIO persaccef ds hractfkcers. l. 45< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Dccex I RCR ARE]DYKACDF R]ALEIU]E\ AC IEOAFKYKAC DCI E@ELYOECY A]IE]\ (]ufe Ca. =:) ]afe ah tge RCR kc tge Echarleoect ah d Ieoafktkac dci/ ar Eèltoect Ariers d. Rafkle dsskstdcle kc tge echarleoect ar kopfeoectdtkac ah d ieoafktkac ar eèltoect arier sgdff me jrdctei acfy upac d wrkttec request ah tge \gerkhh ar equkvdfect ahffller kc qudsk-ùiklkdf dci diokckstrdtkve maikes dllaopdckei my d vdfki arier kssuei my d laopetect laurt, qudsk-ùiklkdf qud sk-ùiklkdf ar diokckstrdtkve maiy dci, wgec requkrei, wktg wrkttec peroksskac hrao tge Faldf Gauskcj Madri kc dllaridcle wktg EA :27 doecikcj EA 45= dci IKFJ Oeoa Lkrlufdr Ca. =227-49<. Yge prapacect sgdff acfy me pravkiei wktg pafkle dsskstdcle upac laopfkdcle wktg tge requkreoects kclfuikcj tge requkreoects ucier \eltkacs =:, =7, dci <2 ah ]D :=:; (Urmdc Ievefapoect dci Gauskcj Dlt), wgec dppfkldmfe. Oareaver, sdki pafkle dsskstdcle sgdff me laarikcdtei wktg tge laclercei faldf Lgkeh Exelutkve mehare kts echarleoect. Kc ca ldse sgdff d ieoafktkac kcvafvkcj kcharodf settfers me ehheltei wktgaut d pre-ieoafktkac lacherecle mekcj laciultei metweec dci doacj tge pdrtkes kcvafvei. m. Yge laciult ah pre-ieoafktkac lacherecle kc ldses wgere tge dhheltei hdokfkes dre kcharodf settfers sgdff me odcidtary. l. Yge iutkes ah RCR persaccef kc dcy ieoafktkac ar eèltoect dltkvkty sgdff me fkoktei ta tge odkctecdcle ah pedle dci arier, prateltkac ah fkhe dci praperty, dci echarleoect ah fdws dci fejdf ariers. 459 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY i. RCR persaccef tdsnei ta pravkie pafkle dsskstdcle sgdff me kc preslrkmei uckharo iurkcj tge dltudf ieoafktkac. Ygey sgdff me fkoktei acfy ta allupykcj tge fflrst fkce ah fdw echarleoect dci lkvkf iksturmdcle lactraf> sgdff cat pdrtklkpdte kc tge pgyskldf iksodctfkcj ah dcy strulture sumèlt ah ieoafktkac> dci sgdff use acfy celessdry dci redsacdmfe harle. Rraleiures kc tge Echarleoect ah d Ieoafktkac dci/ ar Eèltoect Arier d. m. l. i. e. RCR persaccef sgaufi me kcharoei ah tge prevdkfkcj sktudtkac, tgekr tdsns, dci strklt amservdcle ah Guodc ]kjgts. Ds oulg ds prdltkldmfe, tge Lgkeh ah Rafkle (LAR) sgdff fedi tge RCR lactkcject ietdkfei ta dsskst tge \gerkhh ar equkvdfect ahffller iurkcj tge ieoafktkac/eèltoect dltkvkty. Dff RCR persaccef kcvafvei sgdff ieskst hrao tge use dcy uccelessdry harle ar dcy tgdt ody ahgdro, gdrdss, ar terrarkze tge dlt dhheltei pdrtkes. Yge oaie ah pdrtklkpdtkac sgdff me fkoktei ta tge odkctecdcle ah pedle dci arier iurkcj tge ectkre ieoafktkac/eèltoect dltkvkty, ecsurkcj tge prateltkac ah dff pdrtkes hrao gdro dci kcùry. Yedr jds, wdter ldccac, dci redsacdmfe harle sgdff me usei acfy wgec dff atger pedlehuf dci cac-vkafect oedcs gdve meec exgdustei. 455 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Dccex E RCR ARE]DYKACDF R]ALEIU]E\ AC GA\YDJE \KYUDYKAC/MD]]KLDIEI \KYUDYKAC\ (]ufe Ca. <=) Yge haffawkcj steps sgdff me uciertdnec0 d. D Lrktkldf Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Laookttee sgdff me dltkvdtei kooeikdtefy> (RCR \tdcidri Aperdtkcj Rraleiure Ca. AIA-=242-22< ‖Arjdckzdtkac dci Rraleiures ah Lrktkldf Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Laookttee dci Lrktkldf Kclkiect Odcdjeoect Ydsn Jraup) m. Kclkiect slece sgdff me selurei dci ksafdtei> ksafdtei> l. Kiectkhy dci selure tge stracjgafi> stracjgafi> i. Ds oulg ds passkmfe, ecsure tge lactraf ah laoouckldtkac fkces, dci lut-ahh dff atger fkces ds weff ds efeltrklkty dci wdter suppfy ta dffaw har oare mdrjdkckcj> e. Ucdutgarkzei persacs sgdff cat me dffawei ectry dci exkt ta tge kclkiect slece> h. Zktcesses‛ cdoes, diiresses, dci atger kcharodtkac sgdff me relariei> j. Zktcesses sgdff me ikreltei ta d sdhe faldtkac> g. Evdludte dff vkltkos/kcùrei persacs kooeikdtefy kooeikdtefy wgec tge appartuckty perokts> k. Yge drrest ah tge perpetrdtar sgdff me tge fdst pdrdoauct laclerc> dci `. Laciult iemrkeffl cj kooeikdtefy dhter tge laclfuskac ah tge kclkiect. Jrauci Laoodcier/Ac-\lece Laoodcier Ygere sgdff me acfy ace Jrauci Laoodcier/Ac\lece Laoodcier gafikcj dt fedst d seckar rdcn dci/ 458 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ar ace (4) wktg experkecle kc gastdje/lrksks sktudtkac ar refdtkve trdkckcj. Uctkf sulg tkoe tgdt ge ahffl lkdffy ieskjcdtes d spanespersac, ge ody kssue dppraprkdte press stdteoects dci lactkcue ta perharo tge rafe ah tge spanespersac. Cejatkdtars/ Cejatkdtkac Yedo Cejatkdtars sgdff me ieskjcdtei my tge Jrauci Laoodcier. Ca ace sgdff me dffawei dffawei ta tdfn ta tge gastdje tdner wktgaut lfedrdcle hrao tge cejatkdtar ar Jrauci Laoodcier. Yge Cejatkdtkac Yedo ks ikreltfy ucier lactraf dci supervkskac ah tge Ac-\lece Laoodcier. Cejatkdtkac tedo strulture wkff me ds haffaws0 d. Cejatkdtkac Yedo Fedier (CYF)/laarikcdtar> m. Rrkodry Cejatkdtar> l. \elacidry Cejatkdtar> i. Kcteffkjecle fkdsac/relarier> dci e. Madri Cejatkdtar. Dssduft Yedo Dc dssduft tedo sgdff me dfertei har iepfayoect kc ldse tge cejatkdtkac cejatkdtkac hdkfs. Oeomers ah tge tge dssduft tedo sgdff wedr dutgarkzei dci edskfy relajckzdmfe uckharo iurkcj tge laciult ah tge aperdtkac. \uppart Rersaccef Dc domufdcle wktg oeikldf lrew dci d ffl re truln sgdff me ietdkfei dt tge kclkiect dred. Rfdcs Yge Ac-\lece Laoodcier sgdff, upac tge dssessoect ah tge sktudtkac, prepdre celessdry pfdcs ta kclfuie mut cat fkoktei ta0 45: IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY d. Eoerjecly ]espacse Rfdc - iepecis ac tge m. l. i. e. h. tgredt pasei my tge gastdje-tdners dci ceei ah tge Cejatkdtkac Yedo dci Ac-\lece Laoodcier. Mrednaut Rfdc - passkmkfkty ah mrednaut sgdff me lacskierei kooeikdtefy upac irdwkcj up cejatkdtkac strdtejy. Ygks sgaufi me lacskierei ds ace ah tge prkarkty pfdcs. Iefkvery pfdc - kc ldse tge gastdje-tdners lgdcje pfdcs kc tge okiife ah tge exelutkac. \urrecier pfdc- sgaufi me irdwc up kc d wdy tgdt tge gastdjes‛ fkves wkff cat me èapdrikzei. Gastdje ]eleptkac/ ]efedse - har selurkty redsacs, refedsei gastdjes sgaufi me lactdkcei dci ksafdtei. Laffeltkac pfdc - sdhety ah tge pafkle persaccef kcvafvei ks tge prkarkty lacskierdtkac. Laarikcdtkac Rraper wktg dff pdrtklkpdtkcj efeoects sgdff me iacelaarikcdtkac ta lacsafkidte ehharts kc safvkcj tge lrksks. \dhety ah Gastdje(s) Kc cejatkdtkcj har tge refedse ah d gastdje, tge sdhety ah tge gastdje sgdff dfwdys me pdrdoauct. Jukiefkces iurkcj Cejatkdtkacs D. \ktudtkac oust me stdmkfkzei fflrst dci lactdkcei mehare tge stdrt ah tge cejatkdtkac> M. Dff refevdct taafs dci kcharodtkac tgdt ldc strecjtgec d cejatkdtar‛s pasktkac dci lredte d hdvardmfe lfkodte har d sullesshuf cejatkdtkac oust me prepdrei e.j. hdlts refevdct ta tge sktudtkac, fflcdclkdf dci cac-fflcdclkdf teros, kssues dci laclercs, etl> 457 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY L. Ia cat kctraiule autskiers (cac-fdw echarleoect I. E. H. J. ahffllers) kcta tge cejatkdtkac praless, ucfess tgekr presecle ks extreoefy celessdry kc tge safutkac ah tge lrksks. Kh sa kctraiulei, tgey sgdff me praperfy divksei ac tge ia‛s dci iac‛ts ah gastdje cejatkdtkacs> Kc ldse tge cejatkdtar mredns iawc ar ge/sge fflcis gkosefh/gersefh kc d iedifaln, kt ks relaooeciei ta eopfay tge servkle ah d oeikdtar. Rafkle ahffllers wktgaut praper trdkckcj sgdff cat me dffawei ta pdrtklkpdte kc gastdje cejatkdtkacs. Zgdtever tge sldfe ah dc kclkiect dci tge extect ah resaurles iepfayei, kt ks essectkdf tgdt praper fkdksac exkst metweec Ydltkldf/Dssduft Yedo, Yelgckldf \uppart Yedo dci tge Cejatkdtkac Yedo. Dff dltkvktkes ac tge slece, evec tge iefkvery ah haai ta tge stracjgafi, oust gdve tdltkldf laarikcdtkac wktg tge CYF/Laarikcdtar. Cejatkdtkac tgraujg Oeikdtar d. Yge oeikdtar wkff dlt ds d reheree, gefpkcj tge cejatkdtars resafve tgekr ikhherecles. m. Yge oeikdtar oust me weff-versei dmaut tge kssues kc arier ta me dmfe ta evectudffy relaooeci dc ehheltkve safutkac. l. Yge odkc amèlt ks ta relaclkfe tge amèlt ah tge cejatkdtar wktg tgdt ah tge atger pdrty. 45; IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Dccex H RCR ARE]DYKACDF R]ALEIU]E\ AC MAOM YG]EDY DCI MAOM KCLKIECY EOE]JECL[ ]E\RAC\E R]ALEIU]E\ (]ufe Ca. <9) Maom D maom ks d lactdkcer fflffei wktg expfaskve, kclecikdry odterkdf, soane, jds, ar atger iestrultkve sumstdcle, ieskjcei ta expfaie. Kt ldc dppedr amvkaus ar lacledfei dci ldc vdry kc skze, sgdpe ar sapgkstkldtkac dci ody cat celessdrkfy expfaie sulg ds kc tge ldse ah kclecikdry dci ikrty maoms. Kt ody me reherrei ta ds Kopravksei Expfaskves Ievkle (KEI) ar aricdcle. Maom Ygredt Maom tgredt ks ektger d wrkttec ar vermdf tgredt laoouckldtei tgraujg efeltrackl, ardf ar atger oedcs tgdt tgredtecs ta pfdle ar use dc KEI dt d lertdkc tkoe, idte, ar pfdle djdkcst dcy spelkffll persac ar pfdle. Yge Hkrst ]espacier (H]), tge pafkle kcvestkjdtar, dci tge pafkle ieteltkve oust reoeomer tge haffawkcj mdskl hdlts ac maom tgredt0 d. D tgredt ks lacskierei acfy d tgredt uctkf saoetgkcj vkskmfe ks hauci> m. Ieterokcei maomers ia cat hrequectfy jkve wdrckcjs ah d passkmfe expfaskac/kclecikdry dttdln> l. Ygredts dre dc exleffect wdy ta iksrupt praiultkvkty wktgaut fkhe, fkom dci/ar praperty> dcidltudffy i. Yge rksnkcj lacsequecles ah lacvkltkac har ‖tgredteckcj‟ dre cat celessdrkfy ds serkaus ds tgase tgdt laufi resuft hrao dltudf pfdleoect/kcktkdtkac ah d maom. 482 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Hkrst ]espacier‛s Rraleiure ac Maom Ygredt Yge haffawkcj dre tge jukiefkces har H]s iurkcj d maom tgredt0 d. Upac relekpt ah tge kcharodtkac0 4. Yredt dff tgredts ds serkaus uctkf pravec atgerwkse> =. Ieterokce tge exdlt faldtkac ah tge estdmfksgoect ucier tgredt> <. Dssess ar dcdfyze tge tgredt wgetger kt ks d facj tero ar d sgart-tero tgredt> 9. Lacskier evdludtkac aptkacs ds haffaws0 (d) Aptkac 4 - Ia Catgkcj (m) Aptkac= - \edrlg wktg pdrtkdf evdludtkac (l) Aptkac < - \edrlg dci evdludtkac (i) Aptkac 9 - Evdludte kooeikdtefy Expfaskves Aricdcle Ieoafktkac 5. Dfert Yedo (EAIY) har maom sedrlg oksskac dci eoerjecly redikcess mehare jakcj ta tge lrkoe slece> 8. Rraleei kooeikdtefy ta tge slece> dci :. Catkhy Gkjger Gediqudrters ah dcy ievefapoect. m. Upac drrkvdf dt tge slece0 4. Lacffl ro tge repartei maom tgredt dci catkhy EAIY ac tge ceei ta laciult d maom sweep> =. Laciult ar lduse d sedrlg har suspklkaus ievkle/s tajetger wktg persacs hdokfkdr wktg tge faldtkac> dci <. Ucfess d maom ks hauci, persaccef ody cat arier dc evdludtkac ah tge dhheltei dred, mut ody kcharo tge persac kc-lgdrje ah tge praperty ah tge ceei ta evdludte. Yge haffawkcj praleiures sgdff me haffawei iurkcj evdludtkac0 D. Evdludtkac dci dsseomfy pakct rautes oust me sedrlgei ta ecsure tgdt persaccef 484 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY dre cat uccelessdrkfy expasei ta idcjer iurkcj tge evdludtkac> M. Ieskjcdte d ‖sdhe‟ dsseomfy dred, weff dwdy hrao tge tgredtecei strulture, aut ah fkce-ah-skjgt ah tge mukfikcj dci weff lfedr ah wkciaws. D okckouo okckouo ikstdcle ah 452 oeters ks relaooeciei> L. Cever dsseomfe persaccef kc hract ah ar ikreltfy mefaw jfdssei dreds> I. Divkse eopfayees dci vksktars ta tdne tgekr persacdf mefacjkcjs ta efkokcdte super﬍uaus ‖suspklkaus amèlts‟ dci ta reiule tge cuomer ah kteos ta me ‖lgelnei aut‟> E. \efelt sdhe dci lfkodtkldffy dlleptdmfe dsseomfy dreds wgere evdluees ody wdkt har d lacskierdmfe perkai> H. Dvaki ldr pdrns ds dsseomfy dreds dci me okcihuf ah tge ldr maom patectkdf> J. Kcstdff ta ecsure tgdt esldpe rautes praleiures dre lfedr. Evdludtkac rautes dci dsseomfy dreds oust me sedrlgei mehare evdludtkac> G. Kcstdff praleiures ta ecsure wkciaws dci iaars dre feht apec dci fkjgts feht ac> dci K. Kclfuiedpraleiureharodlgkcery sgutiawc. Ygks ldc kclfuie pfdct dci equkpoect, efeltrackls, laoputer equkpoect, selurkcj fflfes dci larrespaciecle. 9. Kh d suspeltei ievkle ks ikslaverei, lduse tge evdludtkac ah peapfe kc tge dhheltei dred ta d ikstdcle ah dt fedst <22 oeters dwdy, dci odkctdkc selurkty har tge prateltkac ah fkhe dci praperty0 D. Dcy ikslaverei ievkle sgdff me ksafdtei> M. Ia cat taulg, tdoper wktg ar iksdro dcy suspeltei maom ar KEI> 48= IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY L. ]epart ikslavery ah suspeltei ievkle> I. Ia cat perokt rdika trdcsoksskac wktgkc E. H. J. G. K. @. tge preokses/mukfikcj> Yurc ahh dff efeltrklkty dci jds uckts wktgkc tge preokses/mukfikcj> \elure tge dred dci prevect peapfe hrao dppradlgkcj> Estdmfksg trdhffll lactraf> \uooac domufdcle dci ffl re trulns ta tge slece> Dwdkt tge drrkvdf ah maom ikspasdf tedo> dci Catkhy Gkjger Gediqudrters ah tge sktudtkac. Hkrst ]espacier‛s Rraleiure Rrale iure kc Ldse ah Dltudf Maom Expfaskac Yge haffawkcj dre jukiefkces har H]s iurkcj ldses ah dltudf maom expfaskacs0 d. Upac relekpt ah tge repart0 4. Kiectkhy exdlt faldtkac ah tge kclkiect> =. Dfert EAI tedos dci ikrelt tgeo ta praleei ta tge dred> <. Catkhy Gkjger Gediqudrters ah tge sktudtkac> 9. ]equest dsskstdcle ah oeikldf persaccef> dci 5. Rraleei ta tge slece kooeikdtefy. Upac drrkvdf dt tge slece0 4. Lduse kooeikdte evdludtkac ah tge kcùrei> =. Ikrelt allupdcts ah tge estdmfksgoect ta evdludte> <. Odkctdkc arier dci lactraf lrawi> 9. Catkhy Gkjger Gediqudrters ah tge sktudtkac> 5. \edf ahh faldtkac uctkf EAI Yedo ieterokces kh d selacidry ievkle exksts> 48< IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY 8. Laciult reslue aperdtkacs dt tge slece wgec celessdry> :. Kcktkdte kooeikdte kcvestkjdtkac kh kcvestkjdtars gdve cat yet drrkvei dci ieterokce tge haffawkcj0 D. Ykoe ah ietacdtkac/expfaskac> M. Ykoe wgec tge ldff har maom tgredt wds relekvei> dci L. Yype ah ievkle. 7. \umokt kclkiect repart kooeikdtefy> dci ;. Dvaki kssukcj ‖spelufdtkve‟ press refedses ar stdteoects. 489 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY ]EHE]ECLE\ Rumfksgei/Ucpumfksgei Odterkdfs Drdcd, \. Y. (=24<). Jukie ta Ehheltkve Mdrdcjdy Diokckstrdtkac. Zkseodc‛s Maans Yrdikcj, Kcl., Tuezac Lkty, Rgkfkppkces. Mdskl Rrkclkpfes ac tge Use ah ]estardtkve @ustkle Rrajrdooes kc Lrkokcdf Odtters. ELA\AL ]es. =222/49, U.C. Ial. E/=222/KCH/=/Dii. = dt <5 (=222). LDIR (=22;). ]estardtkve @ustkle Oaves Meyaci Rucksgoect0 D \arule Maan ac ]estardtkve @ustkle. LMLR Rgkfkppkces Exelutkve Arier =;=, s. 4;7:. Ahlkdf Jdzette ah tge Rgkfkppkces. www.jav.pg Haracid, O. (=227). Larreltkacdf Diokckstrdtkac (Yextmaan kc Lrkokcafajy). Hkrst Eiktkac. Zkseodc‛s Maans Yrdikcj, Kcl. Tuezac Lkty, Rgkfkppkces. Juevdrrd, ]. O. (=249). Guodc Megdvkar dci Lrksks Odcdjeoect. Zkseodc‛s Maans Yrdikcj, Kcl., Tuezac Lkty, Rgkfkppkces. Fdw Echarleoect & Rumfkl \dhety Dldieoy. (=247). Yrdkckcj Oaiufes ac \elurkty & ]eskfkecly Odcdjeoect. Tuezac Lkty, Rgkfkppkces Fdw Echarleoect & Rumfkl \dhety Dldieoy. Yrdkckcj Oaiufes. (=247). Yrdkckcj Oaiufes ac Yerrarkso \tuikes. Tuezac Lkty, Rgkfkppkces Odcwacj, ]aooef N. Larreltkacs dci ]estardtkve @ustkle. (=249). Zkseodc‛s Maans Yrdikcj Kcl., Odcwacj, ].N. dci Haracid, O.D. (=22;). Lrkokcdf @ustkle \ysteo. Zkseodc‛s Maans Yrdikcj Kcl., Tuezac Lkty, Rgkfkppkces. 485 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY Cdtkacdf Iksdster ]ksn ]eiultkac dci Odcdjeoect Lauclkf Oeoardciuo Lkrlufdr Ca. 9, s. =24= ALI. CI]]OL. KL\ \tuiect Zarnmaan. Ldop Jecrerdf Eokfka Djukcdfia, Tuezac Lkty. ]eyes, @D L. & ]eyes, OD L. (=24:). Iksdster ]edikcess dci ]ksnLkty, ]eiultkac. @koezyvkffe Rumfkldtkacs. Odfdmac Rgkfkppkces ]N Odcwacj Lrkokcafajy \afutkacs. (=247). Laopkfdtkac ah ]evkew Odterkdfs kc LFE. Odmdfdldt Lkty, Rgkfkppkces. \dodgd, @. (4;;4) Lrkokcdf @ustkle, =ci Eiktkac, \dc Hrdclksla0 Zest Rumfksgkcj Laopdcy Efeltrackl/Zemsktes gttps0//www.fdwpgkf.cet/stdtutes/presiels/pi4;:7/ piQ4527Q4;:7.gtof gttps0//www.ahhklkdfjdzette.jav.pg/4;:7/28/44/ preskiectkdf-ielree-ca-4527-s-4;:7/ gttps0//www.ahhklkdfjdzette.jav.pg/4;;4/42/42/ repumfkl-dlt-ca-:482/ gttps0//www.ia`.jav.pg/fes/krr-ah-dir.pih gttp0//pramdtkac.jav.pg/restardtkve-ùstkle/ gttps0//ec.wknkpeikd.arj/wknk/]estardtkveQùstkle gttps0//ec.wknkpeikd.arj/wknk/LackltQresafutkac gttps0//ec.wknkpeikd.arj/wknk/YrdcsharodtkveQùstkle gttp0//pra4<.pcp.jav.pg/wp-lactect/ upfadis/=248/2</Kclkiect-Laoodci-\ysteo. pih gttps0//www.heod.jav/oeikd-fkmrdryidtd/45274544;:==5-lei7l82<:7l<;<8dim;=l 4d<ee8h8589/HKCDFQCKO\Q=24:.pih 488 IK\RUYE ]E\AFUYKAC & L]K\K\ ODCDJEOECY gttps0//www.khrl.arj/ials/KI]F/-%=2Ya%=2dii/ OEOA%=2re%=2Kopfeoectkcj%=2Jukiefkces%=2 ac%=2tge%=2use%=2ah%=2KL\%=2-%=2eiktei. pih gttps0 //www. pgkfkppkceoeikl dfdssal kdtkac. arj / wp-lactect/upfadis/=247/24/ROD-KclkiectLaoodci-\ysteo-4.pih gttps0//tgepdrtklkpdtkaclaopdcy.lao/=248/28/5lacklt-resafutkac-strdtejkes/ gttps0//www.jaajfe.lao/sedrlg1rfz?4L4DXHLQecRG7 94RG794&ek?xh:fWNIcId\4oDZp9Kh9ID&q ?iecktkac+ah+lacklt+wknkpeikd&aq?wknkpeikd +IEHKCKYAC+AH+LACHFKLY&jsQf?psy-dm.4.2. 2k==k<2`2k7k4<k<2.;:25.45=4:..=2=89...2.2..2. =<:.=<57.42`42`4....<..2....4..jwswkz.......2k:4`2` 2k42`2k4<`2k4<k<2.dk4mXAyqPxw gttps0//ec.wknkpeikd.arj/wknk/LackltQtgearkes gttps0//ec.wknkpeikd.arj/wknk/OdckfdQgastdjeQlrksks 48:

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