WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
DQG,QIRUPDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\
$QDO\VLVWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRILQWHUOHDYHG
ERRVWFRQYHUWHU
6KDPVXQ1DKDUDQG0%DVKLU8GGLQ
'HSWRI(OHFWULFDODQG(OHFWURQLF(QJLQHHULQJ
'KDND8QLYHUVLW\2I(QJLQHHULQJ 7HFKQRORJ\ '8(7 *D]LSXU%DQJODGHVK
VKLPX#\DKRRFRPDQGEDVKLU#JPDLOFRP
Abstract—The power DC-DC converter has been focused as
a very important part in the form of different topologies in
various applications. To overcome the major disadvantages of
DC/DC power converters such as high voltage and current
ripples, low efficiency etc, interleaving strategies play a
significant role. The interleaved boost converter offers many
advantages such as minimum voltage and current ripples, low
switching loss, higher efficiency etc compared to traditional
boost converter. To enhance the entire performance of the
converter, ‘n’ numbers of paralleled converters are connected
in the interleaved boost converter. The performance of
interleaved boost converter with multiple phases is analyzed in
this paper. Simulation and analysis of interleaved boost
converter with multiple phases (two, three and four) are
carried out through MATLAB/Simulink.
II. OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLE OF INTERLEAVED
BOOST CONVERTER (IBC)
The interleaved boost converter (IBC) is used in different
places for its multipurpose conveniences. It is commonly
employed to reduce the size of filter components, ripple of
voltage and current, increase the output power, efficiency etc
[3-11].
In interleaved boost converter, ‘n’ numbers of paralleled
converters are connected and operated by 2/n radians or
360°/n phase shifting among the switches and the same duty
cycle [5]. The ‘n’ phases interleaved boost converter circuit
diagram is appended in Fig 1.
Keywords— Boost converter, interleaved boost converter,
voltage and current ripple.
I. INTRODUCTION
Power DC-DC converters (step up/ step down) are
gaining ever-increasing importance due to its enormous
advantages. The interest on a compatible power DC-DC
converter is increasing recently for obtaining desired power
conversion in different fields like renewable energy, high and
medium power applications etc [1]. High power conversion
is greatly essential to meet the system demand in many
applications. Boost converter is one kind of step up DC-DC
converter which provides higher output dc voltage from low
input voltage [3]. But there are some disadvantages such as it
gives large voltage and current ripples, reverse recovery
problem, large voltage stress on semiconductor devices etc.
These reduce the stability and efficiency of the system [7,
11]. To solve these problems many kind of techniques are
studied in various fields of research arena. Among them,
interleaving or multi-phasing methods are notable solution to
solve the problems.
Paralleled converters are connected in interleaving
method. This method is more suitable instead of connecting
power devices in series or parallel [3]. To enhance the
performance of converter, interleaved boost converter has
been researched recently for its potential acceptability [8].
The multi-phasing interleaved boost converter gives lower
ripple in output voltage, input and output current, low
switching loss, faster transient response, smaller size of filter
components, increase efficiency etc. [3-11]. The overall
system function is become increased by increasing the
number of interleaved stages [1, 3].
Fig.1 (a) conventional boost converter and (b) ‘n’ phases interleaved
boost converter
In IBC, the total power is divided into the numbers of
paralleled converter and the input and output currents with
their ripples are decreased by 1/n [4]. Phase shifting among
the signals of switches is used to interleave the inductor
currents (IL) and the input current (Iin) of the converter is the
sum of inductor currents. As a result, it minimizes the ripples
of input current, output current and voltage. Inductor currents
and PWM signals of IBC are given in fig. 2.
Therefore, in this paper, the performance of interleaved
boost converter using multiple phases basically for two, three
and four phases have been analyzed and compared through
MATLAB/Simulink simulation results.
‹,(((
Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Edinburgh. Downloaded on March 15,2023 at 14:08:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
DQG,QIRUPDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\
IBC is operated in two switching stages; these are switch
open and close stages. The inductor current becomes rising
when switch is closed and diode is blocked. When switch
opened, the inductor starts discharging to the load through
diode [3].
L
=
V in . D
f . Δ IL
(5)
Where Vo is output voltage (V), f is frequency (Hz), R is
resistance (), D is duty ratio, Vo is the output voltage
ripple (V), Vin is the input voltage (V) and IL is inductor
current ripple (A). In this paper, the output capacitors of two,
three and four phases IBC are taken large and the four
inductors have same inductances, L1=L2=L3=L4.
E) Choosing of Power Devices:
In this paper, the ideal IGBTs are taken as devices for
switching and they are driven with the phase shift angle of
180° for two phases, 120° for three phases and 90° for four
phases interleaved boost converter.
IV. SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
Fig.2 Inductor Currents and PWM Signals of Interleaved Boost
Converter (Three phases IBC)
The system simulation is carried out through
MATLAB/Simulink. The simulated results are used to
evaluate the performance of the system. The model of two,
three and four phases IBC using MATLAB/Simulink are
shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5 using phase shift angle of
180° for two phases, 120° for three phase and 90° for four
phases IBC. The parameters of interleaved boost converters
are listed in table I.
III. DESIGN METHODOLOGY OF INTERLEAVED
BOOST CONVERTER
The ‘n’ phases interleaved boost converter, shown in fig.
1, is followed to make proposed two phases, three phases and
four phases interleaved boost converter. For designing the
interleaved boost converter, under mentioned parameters
have been utilized [2]:
TABLE I.
A) Duty Ratio (D):
If the output and input voltages of the two, three and four
phases interleaved boost converters are Vo and Vin, then the
duty ratio, D is calculated as follows which is equal to
conventional boost converter.
V o
V in
=
(1 − D
(1)
)
PARAMETERS OF INTERLEAVED BOOST
CONVERTER
Parameters
Symbols
Values
Units
Input Voltage
Vin
30
V
Capacitor
C
1000
F
Inductor
L
15
mH
Resistor
R
20
Switching frequency
f
25
kHz
Duty ratio can be varied from 0 to 1 which is stated as
percentage or a ratio. In this paper, 0.5 or 50% duty ratio is
used to design of two, three and four phases IBC.
B) Input Current (Iin):
=
Iin
P in
V in
(2)
Where, Iin is the input current (A), Pin is the input power
(W) and Vin is the input voltage (V).
C) Inductor Current Ripple (IL):
The amplitude of inductor current ripple for IBC and
conventional boost converter are same.
ΔI
L
=
V in .D
f .L
Fig.3 Two phases interleaved boost converter (IBC).
(3)
Analyses are carried out for showing the effects on the
output voltage and current ripple by changing the load
resistance with 50% duty cycle and also by changing the
duty cycles with constant resistance and results are listed in
table II and table III respectively.
Where, inductance is L (H), switching frequency is f
(Hz), input voltage is Vin (V) and duty cycle is D.
D) Selection of Capacitor and Inductor:
A graph for output voltage ripple and duty cycle is given
below in fig. 6 and fig.7 shows another graph for output
current ripple and duty cycle.
The values for capacitor and inductor are calculated by
using the following equations:
C
=
V o.D
Δ V o .R . f
(4)
Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Edinburgh. Downloaded on March 15,2023 at 14:08:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
DQG,QIRUPDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\
40
0.034
0.0026
0.0059
0.00034
50
0.056
0.0032
0.0097
0.0001
60
0.051
0.0044
0.0122
0.0015
Three Phase
Four Phase
IBC
IBC
Duty
cycle (%)
Vo
(V)
Fig.4 Three phases interleaved boost converter (IBC).
Io
(A)
Vo
(V)
Io
(A)
20
0.0027
0.00013
0.00101
0.0001
30
0.0012
0.00015
0.0008
0.00013
40
0.0018
0.0002
0.0024
0.00017
50
0.005
0.0003
0.0044
0.0001
60
0.0068
0.0005
0.0048
0.00029
Fig.5 Four phases interleaved boost converter (IBC).
Fig.6 Output voltage ripple Vs. duty cycle.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT RIPPLE BY
CHANGING LOAD RESISTANCE.
TABLE II.
Boost converter
R
()
Two Phase
IBC
10
15
20
Vo
(V)
0.12
0.08
0.056
Io
(A)
0.012
0.005
0.0032
Vo
(V)
0.0013
0.0037
0.0097
Io
(A)
0.00022
0.00041
0.0001
25
0.03
0.0008
0.0005
0.00045
30
0.039
0.0012
Three Phase
IBC
0.0017
0.00035
Four Phase
IBC
R
()
10
15
20
25
30
TABLE III.
Vo
(V)
Io
(A)
Vo
(V)
Io
(A)
Fig.7 Output current ripple Vs. duty cycle.
0.01
0.009
0.005
0.0052
0.0048
0.0012
0.0006
0.0003
0.00022
0.0001
0.0001
0.00013
0.0044
0.0012
0.0007
0.00005
0.00008
0.0001
0.00003
0.00007
V. SIMULATION OUTPUT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT RIPPLE BY
CHANGING DUTY CYCLE.
Boost
Duty
A. Switching Pulses:
Switching pulses of two, three and four phases IBC are
shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10 when duty cycle is 50%.
Two Phase
converter
IBC
cycle (%)
Vo
(V)
(A)
(V)
(A)
20
0.0129
0.00073
0.005
0.00038
30
0.022
0.0015
0.0077
0.0005
Io
Vo
Io
Fig.8 Switching pulses of two phases IBC with 180° phase shift.
Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Edinburgh. Downloaded on March 15,2023 at 14:08:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
DQG,QIRUPDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\
Fig.9 Switching pulses of three phases IBC with 120° phase shift.
Fig. 12 Input current ripple waveforms of (a) two phases IBC (b)
three phases IBC and (c) four phases IBC.
D. Output Current Ripple
The ripples of output current of different interleaved
boost converters are shown in fig. 13 where output current
ripple of two phases IBC is 0.0001A, three phases IBC is
0.0003A and four phases IBC is 0.0001A.
Fig.10 Switching pulses of four phases IBC with 90° phase shift.
B. Inductor currents:
Fig.11 Inductor currents waveforms of (a) two phases IBC (b) three phases
IBC and (c) four phases IBC.
Fig. 13 Output current ripple waveforms of (a) two phases IBC (b) three
phases IBC and (c) four phases IBC.
C. Input Current Ripple:
The ripples of input current are very poor by increasing
the phases of IBC than conventional boost converter shown
in fig 12. The ripple of input current of two phases IBC is
0.037A, three phases IBC is 0.013 A and four phases IBC is
0.0008 A.
E. Output Voltage Ripple:
The ripple of output voltage for two phases IBC is
0.0097V, three phases IBC is 0.005V and four phases IBC is
0.0044V. We can see that the ripples of output voltage are
become decrease. They are shown in fig. 14.
Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Edinburgh. Downloaded on March 15,2023 at 14:08:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
DQG,QIRUPDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\
of IBC is significantly improved by increasing the number
of phases.
VII. CONCLUSION
For reducing ripple of currents and voltages, enhancing
efficiency etc, interleaved boost converter has been proved
to be potential interface as compared to boost converter. The
performance parameters of the conventional boost DC-DC
converter and multi phasing interleaved boost DC-DC
converter are analyzed with various modes of operation and
compared with simulated results using MATLAB/Simulink.
Simulation results are almost agreed with theoretical results.
Therefore, by using interleaving technique with increasing
the number of phases, we can reduce the current and voltage
ripples, switching losses and develop the efficiency.
REFERENCES
Fig.14 Output voltage ripple waveforms of (a) two phases IBC (b) three
phases IBC and (c) four phases IBC.
[1] M. Z. Hossain, N. A. Rahim, J. a. Selvaraja, “Recent progress and
development on power DC-DC converter topology, control, design
and applications: A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, vol. 81, part 1, pp. 205-230, January 2018.
[2] M. H. Rashid, “Power electronics, circuits, devices and applications”,
3rd edition.
[3] Ritu, S. Mishra, N. Verma and S. D. Shukla, “Implementation of solar
based PWM fed two phase interleaved boost converter”, International
Conference on Communication, Control and Intelligent System
(CCIS), pp. 470-476, Mathura, India, November 2015.
[4] C. Chang and M. A. Knights, “Interleaving technique in distributed
power conversion systems”, IEEE transactions on circuits and
systems I : fundamental theory and applications, vol. 42, issue. 5, pp.
245-251, May 1995.
[5] D.Y. Jung, Y. H. Ji, S. H. Park, Y. C. Jung and C. Y. Won,
“Interleaved soft-switching boost converter for photovoltaic powergeneration system” IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 26,
issue. 4, pp. 1137-1145, April 2011.
[6] F. Slah, A. Mansour, M. Hajer and B. Faouzi, “Analysis, modeling
and implementation of an interleaved boost DC-DC converter for fuel
cell used in electric vehicle”, International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, vol. 42, issue. 48, pp. 28852-28864, November 2017.
[7] S. Salehi, N. Zahedi and E. Babaei, “An interleaved high step-up dcdc converter with low input current ripple” , 9th annual power
electronics, drives systems and technologies conference (PEDSTC),
pp. 437-442, Tehran, Iran, April 2018.
[8] D. J. S. Newlin, R. Ramalakshmi and Mr. S. Rajasekaran, “A
performance comparison of interleaved boost converter and
conventional boost converter for renewable energy application.”
Proceedings of 2013 international conference on green high
performance computing, pp. 1-6, Nagercoil, India, March 2013.
[9] A. S. Samosir, M. Anwari and A. H. M. Yatim, “Dynamic evolution
control of interleaved boost dc-dc converter for fuel cell application”,
2010 Conference proceedings IPEC, pp. 869-874, Singapore, October
2010.
[10] Chitra and Seyezhai, “Basic design and review of two phase and three
phase interleaved boost converter for renewable energy systems”,
International Journal of Applied Science, vol. 1, pp. 1-26, July 2014.
[11] S. S. Mohammed and D. Devaraj, “Simulation of incremental
conductance mppt based two phase interleaved boost converter using
MATLAB/Simulink”, IEEE international conference on electrical,
computer and communication technologies (ICECCT), pp. 1-6,
Coimbatore, India, March 2015.
The performance of conventional boost converter and
IBC for two, three and four phases has been analyzed and
results are tabulated in table IV below.
TABLE IV.
THE PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL BOOST
CONVERTER, TWO, THREE AND FOUR PHASES IBC.
Parameters
Boost
conver
ter
Two
Phase
IBC
Three
Phase
IBC
Four
Phase
IBC
Input voltage (V)
30
30
30
30
Output voltage (V)
54.43
58.64
60.52
58.24
Input current ripple (A)
0.046
0.037
0.013
0.0008
Output current ripple (A)
0.0032
0.0001
0.0003
0.0001
Output voltage ripple (V)
0.056
0.0097
0.005
0.0044
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The models simulation and their performance have been
analyzed by simulated results using MATLAB/ Simulink.
The output voltage of two phases IBC is 58.64V, three
phases IBC is 60.52V and four phases IBC is 58.24V while
for boost converter it is 54.43V at 50% duty cycle. The
input current ripple of boost converter is 0.046A, two phases
IBC is 0.037A, three phases IBC is 0.013A and four phases
IBC is 0.0008A. The output current ripple of boost
converter is 0.0032A, two phases IBC is 0.0001A, three
phases IBC is 0.0003A and four phases IBC is 0.0001A.
The output voltage ripple for two phases IBC is 0.0097V,
three phases IBC is 0.005V and four phases IBC is 0.0044V
while the output voltage ripple of boost converter is 0.056V.
In the light of above result, it is clear that the performance
Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Edinburgh. Downloaded on March 15,2023 at 14:08:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.