P2 DISASTER LEC
SAS 9-Management of Burns
Mass Casualty Incident
1. On assessment, the nurse
notes that the client has burns
inside the mouth and is
wheezing. Several hours later,
the wheezing is no longer heard.
What is the nurse’s next action?
a. Documenting the findings
b. Loosening any dressings on
the chest
c. Raising the head of the bed
d. Preparing for intubation
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: absence of
wheezing may indicate blockage
of the airway after the movement
of fluid into the burn
injury.
2. A client who is admitted after a
thermal burn injury has the
following vital signs: blood
pressure, 70/40; heart rate,
140 beats/min; respiratory rate,
25/min. He is pale in color and it
is difficult to find pedal pulses.
Which action will
the nurse take first?
a. Start intravenous fluid line
b. Check the pulses with a
Doppler device
c. Obtain a complete blood count
d. Obtain an electrocardiogram
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: starting an
intravenous line would help in
resuscitating the patient’s fluid, to
maintain a normal
blood pressure level.
3. What is the priority nursing
diagnosis during the first 24 hours
for a client with full-thickness
chemical burns on the
anterior neck, chest, and all
surfaces of the left arm?
a. Risk for ineffective breathing
pattern
b. Decreased tissue perfusion
c. Risk for disuse syndrome
d. Disturbed body image
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: during the acute
phase of burn, circulation would
be slow especially on the affected
tissues
4. When should ambulation be
initiated in the client who has
sustained a major burn?
a. When all full-thickness areas
have been closed with skin grafts
b. When the client’s temperature
has remained normal for 24 hours
c. As soon as possible after
wound debridement is complete
d. As soon as possible after
resolution of the fluid shift
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: ambulation would
promote proper blood circulation
throughout the body.
5. Which intervention is most
important to use to prevent
infection by auto-contamination in
the burned client during
the acute phase of recovery?
a. Changing gloves between
wound care on different parts of
the client’s body.
b. Avoiding sharing equipment
such as blood pressure cuffs
between clients
c. Using the closed method of
burn wound management.
d. Using proper and consistent
handwashing
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Handwashing is
still the most basic and best
intervention in preventing
infection
SAS 10-Infectious Disease
Emergencies and Coronavirus
(Covid- 19)
1. What are the common
symptoms of Covid 19?
a. A new and continuous cough
b. fever
c. tiredness
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Covid 19 is usually
marked by a new and continuous
cough, but some people get other
symptoms
too including tiredness, fever and
flu-like symptoms including
headaches, runny nose and sore
throat.
2. How is Covid-19 passed on?
a. Through droplets that come
from the mouth and nose when
sneezes, cough or breathes out.
b. By drinking unclean water
c. In sexual fluids, including
semen, vaginal fluids and
mucous.
d. All of the above
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: When a person
with Covid-19 coughs, breathes
out or sneezes, droplets come
out from the nose
and mouth which can contain the
virus.
3. The most effective way for
healthcare providers to protect
themselves, their family and their
patients from influenza is to:
a. Wear a surgical mask at all
times at work.
b. Stay at home if they have
respiratory symptoms.
c. Get an annual shot and
encourage their family, coworkers and patients to get the
flu-vaccine annually.
d. Not to go to work at all.
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Get an annual shot
and encourage the family to
protect from influenza.
4. What is the most important
hygiene habit to teach young
children?
a. Wash hands frequently
b. Use tissue to cover nose when
sneezing
c. Take a bath daily
d. Don’t share glass or eating
utensil
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Handwashing is a
Universal precaution to teach to
young children.
5. It is a model for explaining the
organism causing the disease
and condition that allow it to
reproduce and spread.
a. One health
b. Nursing care plan
c. Chain of infection
d. Epidemiological Triangle
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Epidemiological
triangle – is a tool that is to be
used for addressing the 3
components that
contribute to the spread of
disease; an external agent, a
susceptible host and an
environment.
SAS 11- Natural Disasters
1. What should you do during an
earthquake if you are staying
outdoors?
a. Lie on the ground and stay
there until the shaking stops
b. Stay under cable or power
lines
c. Immediately enter a building
d. Stay in a field around trees.
Stand there until the shaking
stops
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: By lying on the
ground, if possible, on the
clearing, you are protecting
yourself from falling
structures, wait until the shaking
stops to regain your balance
when evacuating.
2. Which is a possible cause of a
flood?
a. Overflows from dams, rivers,
and lakes
b. Low tides
c. Converging winds
d. All of the above
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Floods are
commonly caused by excessive
water without proper irrigation,
overflows from dams,
rivers and lakes are the most
common cause of flood
3. What should you do after an
earthquake?
a. Never replace damaged gas,
water, and electrical lines
b. Enter and stay inside damaged
buildings
c. Check for injuries. Give first aid
as necessary
d. Install smoke detectors on
every level of your home
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Assessing yourself
or other people around you for
possible injuries will prevent
further damage or
injury.
4. Which of the following is a
good sign of an approaching
earthquake?
a. Volcanic eruption
b. Strong winds
c. Sunny day
d. Traffic
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Volcanic eruptions
are cause by movement of
tectonic plates on the earth’s
surface, this will also
cause the ground to shake
causing an earthquake
5. What should you do during a
hurricane evacuation?
a. Walk through floodwaters
b. Unplug home appliances
c. Leave with all your valuables
d. All of the above
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: By unplugging your
home appliances, you will prevent
fires that may be cause by short
circuits
from the appliance’s wires and
electrical outlets.
SAS 12- Natural Disasters:
Tsunami, Winter storm,
Wildfire;
Environmental Disasters and
Emergencies
1. All are true about wildfires
except:
a. It occurs in forests, grasslands,
and wooded areas
b. Controlled fire often occurring
wildland areas
c. Most common causes are
lightning and human accidents
d. A wildfire also known as a
wildland fire
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: wildfires are
uncontained fires.
2. After tsunami, the nurse
should:
a. Help injured or trapped people
b. Stay inside of a building if
water remains around it.
c. When re-entering homes,
caution is not needed.
d. Ignore gas leaks.
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: first aid must be
done as soon as possible to
prevent further injuries to the
victims
3. Which of the following is an
indicator of a tsunami?
a. thunderstorms
b. water receding from a great
distance from the coast
c. excessive rain clouds
d. peaceful waves in the shore
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: receding water is
caused by the depression cause
by a submarine earthquake which
would create
big waves the moment they stop
moving.
4. What should you do during a
winter storm if you’re inside a
vehicle?
a. Drive slowly
b. Find a warm shelter
c. Keep the headlights on
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: during a winter
storm, the roads will be slippery,
it’s best to wait it out in order to
avoid accidents
5. Oil spill is a man-made disaster
that may cause:
a. Nourishment for the earth
b. Destruction of marine
ecosystem
c. Wildfire
d. Nourishment for fishes
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: oil spill is a manmade disaster that will cause
destruction of the marine
ecosystem, oils affecting
the marine ecosystem will be
poisonous for both animal and
human consumption.
SAS 13-Mental Health and
Psychosocial Support in
Emergency Settings
1. The core principles of MPHSS
are the following except:
a. Participation
b. Human rights and equity
c. Incoordination
d. Do No Harm
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: MPHSS should
establish coordination of
intersectoral mental health and
psychosocial support. The
other options are core principles
of MPHSS.
2. The first intervention pyramid
for mental health and
psychosocial support in
emergency is:
a. Specialized services
b. Basic services and security
c. Community and family support
d. Focused, non-specialized
supports
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: The well-being of
the people should be protected
through the reestablishment of
security, adequate
governance and services that
address basic physical needs.
3. In the matrix of interventions,
which of the following has the
high- priority responses that
should be implemented
as soon as possible in
emergency?
a. emergency preparedness
b. specialized preparedness
c. minimum responses
d. comprehensive responses
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: It is the minimum
responses has the high-priority
responses that should be
implemented as soon
as possible.
4. All of the following are
examples of Pre-emergency
social problems in Predominantly
Social Nature Problems in
Emergencies, except:
a. extreme poverty
b. political oppression
c. belonging to a group that is
discriminated against or
marginalized
d. family separation
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Family separation
is an example of Emergencyinduced social problems.
5. What level of intervention
pyramid for mental health and
psychosocial support in
emergencies includes the
psychosocial first aid and basic
mental health care by primary
health care workers?
a. Level1: Basic services and
security
b. Level 2: Community and family
Supports
c. Level 3: Focused: nonspecialized Supports
d. Level 4: Specialized services
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Psychosocial first
aid and basic mental health care
are included in Level 3: Focused
NonSpecialized Supports.
SAS 14-Restoring Public Health
Under Disaster
Conditions: Basic Sanitation,
Water, Food Supply and
Shelter
1. It is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
a. Hygiene
b. Sanitation
c. Health
d. Infection control
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: It emphasizes the
importance of being more than
disease free, and recognizes that
a healthy body
depends upon a healthy
environment and a stable mind.
2. The 3 core functions of Public
Health are the following, except:
a. Assessment
b. Policy development
c. Assurance
d. Assistance
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: The 3 core
functions of Public health are
assessment, policy development
and assurance.
3. It is an individual perception of
his/her position in life in the
context of the culture and value of
system where the
individual lives and in relation to a
personal goals, expectations and
concerns.
a. Health promotion
b. Health assessment
c. Quality of life
d. Rapid assessment
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Quality of life is an
individual’s satisfaction with his or
her life dimensions comparing
with his/her
ideal life.
4. The exercise of collecting
information in order to measure
the damages and identify the
basic needs that require
immediate response as a result of
a disaster.
a. Quality of life
b. Rapid assessment
c. Health assessment
d. Health promotion
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Rapid assessment
is essential for successful
interventions to help identify and
prioritize health
needs of the population.
5. Essential functions of the
public health as they relate to a
disaster are the following, except:
a. Immobilize community
partnerships and to identify and
solve health problems.
b. Monitoring health status to
identify and solve problems.
c. Inform, educate and empower
people about health issues.
d. Develop policies and plans that
support individual and community
health efforts.
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Its function should
mobilize the community
partnerships ant to identify and
solve problems.
SAS 15- Climate Change and
Health: The Nurse’s Role in
Policy and Practice
1. Which is the name of the gas
that is responsible for the warning
effect from greenhouse gases?
a. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
b. Methane (CH4)
c. Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: These are the well
mixed greenhouse gases in
atmosphere that absorbs and
emit radiation.
2. What is the main man-made
greenhouse gas?
a. CO2
b. CH4
c. N2O
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Accounts around
three quarters of the warming
impact. The key source is the
burning of fossil fuels
such as coal, oil and gas.
3. Things you can do to help
decrease global warming include:
a. Keep your air condition on
high.
b. Turn off your lights when not
using.
c. Keep your freezer door open.
d. Eat more ice cream.
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: If you turn off lights
whenever not using or leaving a
room, can reduce greenhouse
gas emissions.
4. The likelihood of which
extreme weather event is
expected to increase with climate
change?
a. Heat waves
b. droughts
c. hurricanes
d. all of the above
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Climate change
alters heating pattern, cooling
and rainfall patterns.
5. Certain gases in the
atmosphere: water vapor, CO2,
methane and nitrous oxide, help
maintain the Earth’s temperature
and climate. These are called:
a. Ozone gases
b. Greenhouse gases
c. Solar gases
d. Stomach gases
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Greenhouse
gases: CO2, methane, nitrous
oxide, water vapor that absorb
and emit infrared
SAS 16-Bioterrorism
1. All but one is correct about BioAgent Response:
a. Identify: Bio-Agent(s), source,
area affected, population
exposed
b. Notify local medical facilities
c. Isolate and contain unaffected
areas and population
d. Treat -- provide vaccine or
medications to the affected
population
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: priority should be
given to affected areas and
population.
2. One advantage of a biological
weapon is
a. It is odorless, colorless, and
tasteless
b. It has a small attack area
c. It will immediately result in
massive cases of human illness
d. It will kill the perpetrator of the
release
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: series of test are
needed to detect the presence of
biological weapons since it is
odorless,
colorless, and tasteless.
3. The difference between the
cost of biological weapons and
other types of weapons is
a. Biological agents cost much
more but can impact a much
larger area making them cheaper
overall
b. Biological agents cost about as
much as chemical agents
c. Biological agents are about half
the cost of other types of
weapons
d. Biological agents are several
hundred times less expensive
than other weapons
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: most of biological
agents are naturally available and
can be cultivated for such
purpose.
4. Which of the following is the
worst-case scenario for a
biological release?
a. Particle size 1 to 5 microns
b. Weather pattern includes a
thermal inversion
c. Aerosol release
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: all are considered
characteristics of a biological
agent that can cause massive
effect.
5. One disadvantage of a
biological weapon is that
a. It is not easy to control
b. It is too easy to disperse and
may leak prior to delivery
c. It is difficult to use due to
International restrictions
d. None of the above
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: since biological
agents can multiply on their own,
once released, controlling the
spread and
mutation is almost impossible.