GURUKUL FOR
JEE & NEET
CONCEPT
MAP
CHEMISTRY
CLASS 11
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Contents
1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
2. Structure of Atom
3. Classification of Elements & Periodicity in properties
4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
5. States of Matter
6. Thermodynamics
7. Equilibrium
8. Redox Reactions
9. Hydrogen
10. The s-Block Elements
11. The p-Block Elements
12. Organic Chemistry-Some Basic Principle & Techniques
13. Hydrocarbons
14. Environmental Chemistry
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Grouped elements
into a triad
Arranged the elements in
increasing order of atomic
weight
Properties of elements are
periodic function of their
atomic weight
Properties of elements are
periodic function of their
atomic number
Dobereiner’s Law
of Triads
Newland’s Law of
Octaves
Mendeleev’s
Law
Moselley’s
Law
Periods
Laws of periodic table
Six horizontal rows –
periods
Classification of elements
and periodicity in properties
Mendeleev’s
periodic table
Eight vertical columns–
groups
Long form of
periodic table
Group1-18
columns
s & p-block
Electron
affinity
Electronegativity
Periods ­
group ¯
Periods ­
group ¯
Periods ­
group ¯
Oxides
Middle
Extreme
right
Extreme left
Acidic
Basic
Atomic &
ionic radii
Alkaline earths
metals
Halogens
Blocks s, p, d, f
Periodicity in Properties
Ionisation
energy
Alkali metal
Periodic trend in
chemical properties
Periods ¯
group ¯
Representative
elements
Noble gas
d&f
Transition metals
d-block
Lanthanides
f-block, I row
Valency
Metallic
character
Non-metallic
character
Increases from 1 to 4
and then decreases
upto 0 (noble gas)
Decreases along
a periods
Increases along
a period
Amphoteric
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Actinides
f-block II row
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Position in Periodic table : Outer shell
electronic configuration resembles both
alkali metals and halogens, still unique and
hence H is placed separately
Dihydrogen
Occurence : Most abundant element in the
universe (70% of the total mass of the
universe)
Isotopes : Protium ( 11H), deuterium ( 21H)
and tritium ( 31H)
Preparation : Reaction of Zn with dil.
acid or aqueous alkali.
Electrolysis of acidified water, by product
in manufacture of NaOH and Cl2.
Reaction of steam on hydrocarbons or
coke at high temperatures in presence of
catalyst.
Properties : It is a colourless, odourless,
combustible gas, insoluble water. It
undergoes reaction with X2, O2, N2,
metals, organic compounds etc.
Uses
It is used in,
(a) Synthesis of NH3
(b) Manufacture of vanaspati fat
(c) Manufacture of organic compounds
(d) Cutting and welding properties
Hydrides : Binary compounds formed by combination of
metals and non-metals with H 2.
(a) Ionic Hydrides: Stoichiometric compounds of H2
with s-block elements
(b) Covalent Hydrides: Dihydrogen forms molecular
compounds with most of the p-block elements.
(c) Metallic Hydrides: Non-stoichiometric compounds
of H 2 with Be, Mg and d-and f-block elements.
Metals of group 7, 8 and 9 do not form hydride.
HYDROGEN
Water : Major part of all living organism.
Properties : Colourless, tasteless liquid with intermolecular
H – bonding. This leads to high freezing point, high boiling
point, high heat of vaporization, high heat of fusion etc.
It has amphoteric nature, undergoes hydrolysis reaction and
form hydrates.
Hard water. It contains bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphate
of calcium and magnesium.
Temporary water hardness is due to bicarbonates of Ca and
Mg.
Permanent water hardness is due to chloride and sulphates of
Ca and Mg.
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Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
Preparation : By the action of H2SO4, H2CO3 or
H3PO4 on BaO2.8H2O
Manufacture: Electrolysis of 50% H2SO4
Properties: Syrupy pale blue liquid, viscous,
diamagnetic and miscible with water, alcohol
and ether. H2O2 acts as both oxidising as well as
reducing agent.
Storage : Kept in wax lined bottles.
Uses : For bleaching, as antiseptic, as oxidant for
rocket, used to control environmental pollution
etc.
Heavy Water (D2O)
Preparation : On a large scale, it is produced by
repeated electrolysis of ordinary water having alkali.
Physical properties of D2O are different from H2O
whereas chemical properties of D2O are similar to
H2O.
Uses : As a moderator in nuclear reactor and as a
tracer compound.
Hydrogen Economy
It is one of the alternative to meet the energy needs
as dihydrogen releases large quantities of heat in
combustion without causing any major pollution.
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