INDEX
1.
2.
3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Fore word
Greetings
One Word Sentences
Two Word Sentences
Important Sentences
Basic Sentences
23 Helping Verbs
Active & Passive Voice
A few sentences
Some more Sentences
Exercises
Sentences for Practice
Be form - Table
Sentences with Adjectives
Passive Voice Sentences
Have Table
Active Voice Table
Passive Voice Table
Active Voice Table
Passive Voice Table
Simple Past Tense
Question Tags
Affirmative Sentences
Interrogative Sentences
Active Voice Short Cuts
Synonyms
Antonyms
Imperative Sentences
Some More Sentences
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
-
2
4
6
7
11
12
15
17
20
23
26
33
37
38
41
43
44
45
46
47
48
52
53
54
58
59
61
68
69
1
eTT+<äTe÷≥
Ç+^¢wüß˝À u≤>± e÷{≤¢&Ü\+fÒ....
1. ‘√{Ïyê]‘√ kÕ<Ûä´yÓTÆq+‘· es¡≈£î Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&Ü*.
2. ãdüT‡˝À¢, ¬s’fi¯fl˝À¢ Á|üj·÷DÏ+#˚≥|ü&ÉT düVü≤ Á|üj·÷D°≈£î\T e÷{≤¢&ÉT≈£îH˚
e÷≥\qT eTqdüT‡˝ÀH˚ M˝…q’ ìï yêø±´\qT Ç+^¢wßü ˝ÀøÏ ‘·sT¡ e® ÷ #˚jT· &ÜìøÏ
Á|üj·T‹ï+#ê*.
3. ‘Ó\T>∑T dæìe÷qT dæìe÷ Vü‰\T˝À ˝Ò<ë {Ï$˝À #·÷düTÔqï|ü&ÉT nø£ÿ&É
e#˚à &Ó’˝≤>∑T\qT Ç+^¢wüß˝ÀøÏ eTqdüT‡˝ÀH˚ e÷sêÃ*.
4. düu\ÑÛ T, düe÷y˚XÊ\T, MT{Ï+>∑T\T eT]j·TT >∑T+|ü⁄\T>± #˚] »Hê\T e÷{≤¢&˚
dü+<äsꓤ\˝À }]øÏH˚ ≈£Ls√Ãø£ kÕ<Ûä´yÓTÆqìï ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À e÷{≤¢&˚ e÷≥\qT
Ç+^¢wt˝ÀìøÏ e÷s¡Ã+&ç.
5. Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&˚ dü+<äsꓤ\˝À e#˚à dü+<˚Vü‰\qT ˇø£ ù||üsY MT<ä
ÁyêdüTø=ì me¬s’Hê Ç+^¢wt {°#·s¡TqT ˝Ò<ë Ç+^¢wt u≤>± e∫Ãq ùdïVæ≤‘·Tì
n&ç¬>’Hê dü+<˚Vü‰\qT ìeè‹Ô #˚düTø√yê*.
6. #·+<äe÷eT ø£<∏ä\ |ü⁄düÔø±\qT (Ç+^¢wüß ‘Ó\T>∑T) ø=ì yÓTT<ä≥>± ‘Ó\T>∑T
#·+<äe÷eT˝À ˇø£ ø£<∏ä #·~$ Ä ‘·s¡Tyê‘· Ç+^¢wt #·+<äe÷eT˝À Ä
ø£<∏äqT #·<äyê*. Ç˝≤ s√p ˇø£ ø£<∏äqT #·<äe&É+ <ë«sê Ç+^¢wt Á>±eTsY
edüTÔ+~.
7. k˛Œ¬øHé Ç+^¢wt H˚sT¡ Ã≈£îH˚≥|ü&ÉT ÁbÕs¡+uÛ+Ñ ˝ÀH˚ Á>±eTsY |ü⁄düøÔ ±\T #·<eä e<äT.›
Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&˚≥|ü&ÉT Á>±eTsY s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ >∑Ts¡TÔ ‘Ó#·TÃø√e<äT›. s¡ø£s¡ø±\
Ä+>∑¢ yêø±´\qT ‘Ó\T>∑T nsêú\‘√ düVü‰ e÷{≤¢&É&ÉeTT nuÛÑ´dæ+#·+&ç.
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&˚ düeTj·T+˝À Á>±eTsY s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ >∑Ts¡TÔ ‘Ó#T· Ãø=ì e÷{≤¢&TÉ ‘·Tqï+‘·
es¡≈£î MT≈£î Ç+^¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É&É+sê<äT. >∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø√+&ç.
8. Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\qT $q&É+ MT<äH˚ <äèwæºì πø+ÁBø£]+#·+&ç.
9. Ç+{À¢ ñqï 3e ‘·s¡>∑‹>±˙ Äô|’ ‘·s¡>∑‹ #·~y˚ MT |æ\¢\‘√ eT]j·TT
Á|üø£ÿÇ+{Ïyê] |æ\¢\‘√ Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&É&É+ ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#·+&ç.
10. Á|ü‹ s√p &Óø£ÿHé Áø±ìø£˝Ÿ ù||üsY #·<äe+&ç. Á|ü‹ s√p <ëì˝Àì MT≈£î
‘Ó*j·Tì 10 Ç+^¢wt |ü<ë\qT ÁyêdüTø=ì &çø£åqØ <ë«sê yê{Ï nsêú\T
‘Ó\TdüTø√+&ç. y=ø±ãT\Ø ô|s¡T>∑T‘·T+~.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
2
11. Ç+^¢wt˝À Áyêùd≥|ü&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#·&ÜìøÏ ‘·–q düeTj·T+ ñ+≥T+~.
ø±˙ Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&˚≥|ü&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#˚ e´e~Û ñ+&É<äT. yÓ+≥yÓ+≥H˚
e÷{≤¢&Ü*. $$<Ûä s¡ø±\ Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\qT u≤>± e÷{≤¢&É&ÉeTT,
nuÛÑ´dæ+#·&É+ <ë«sêH˚ eTq+ yÓ+≥H˚ e÷{≤¢&É>∑\eTT.
12. H√s¡T ‘Ós∫
¡ ‘·b˛Œ, ˇb˛Œ @<√ ˇø£{Ï Ç+^¢w˝t À e÷{≤¢&TÉ ‘·T+&Ü*. H√s¡T
‘Ós¡∫ e÷{≤¢&É≈£î+&Ü ñ+&çq+‘·es¡≈£î MT≈£î m+‘· Á>±eTsY e∫ÃHê,
Ç+^¢wt &çø£åqØ n+‘ê ø£+sƒ¡düúyÓTÆHê ˇø£ÿ yêø£´+ ≈£L&Ü Ç+^¢wt˝À
e÷{≤¢&É˝Òs¡T. ø±˙ MT m<äT≥ ñqï yês¡T e÷{≤¢&˚ Á|ü‹ e÷{≤ MT≈£î
#·øÿ£ >± ns¡e
ú TÚ‘·T+~. ø±˙ MTs¡T e÷Á‘+· ‹]– Ç+^¢w˝t À e÷{≤¢&˝É sÒ T¡ .
øπ e\+ e÷{≤¢&˚ nuÛ≤´dü+ #˚jT· ø£b˛e&É+ e\¢H.˚ ø±ã{Ϻ H√s¡T $bÕŒ*+‡ <˚.
13. ø=+‘· e T+~øÏ ù d º C Ÿ |ò æ j · T sY ñ+≥T+~. Çø£ ÿ &É ˇø£ ÿ $wü j · T +
>∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø√+&ç. eTq≈£î ‘Ó*dæq+‘·˝À Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·T+fÒ
n+<äs¡÷ yÓT#·TÃ≈£î+{≤s¡T. eTq >∑T]+∫ >=|üŒ>± }Væ≤+#·Tø=+{≤s¡T.
‘·|ü\T <=]¢Hê mes¡÷ |ü{Ϻ+#·Tø√s¡T. eTq+ #Óù|Œ y˚T≥sY MT<˚
m<äT{Ïyê] <äèwæº n+‘ê ñ+≥T+~. ‘·|ü>± e÷{≤¢&çHê m>∑‘ê[
#˚jT· &É+, qe«&É+, ø±yÓT{Ÿ #˚jT· &É+ mes¡÷ #˚jT· s¡T. |
ô >’ ± eTqMT<ä
n_Ûe÷q+ ñqïyês¡T eTq+ e÷{≤¢&q
ç ‘·sT¡ yê‘· eTq+ #˚dq
æ ‘·|ü \qT
mes¡÷˝Òì düeTj·T+˝À ‘Ó*j·TCÒdæ eTq*ï Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤kÕÔs¡T.
14. $<ë´s¡T∆\T Á|ü‹s√p á |ü⁄düÔø£+˝Àì |ü~ ù|J\ ÁøÏj·T\qT, ÁøÏj·÷
$X‚wüDeTT\qT, $X‚wüDeTT\qT #·<äe>∑\s¡T.
15. ôVA©ô|òsTT‘Y yê]$ 3e ‘·s¡>∑‹ qT+&ç 7e ‘·s¡>∑‹ es¡≈£î >∑\ Ç+^¢wt
bÕsƒ¡´|ü⁄düÔø±\qT ø=ì #·~$‘˚ #·ø£ÿ>± Ç+^¢wt Á>±eTsY edüTÔ+~.
n+<äTe\q $<ë´s¡Tú\+<äs¡÷ á $wüj·÷\qT >∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø=ì, yê{Ïì
nqTdü]+∫ Ç+^¢wüß˝À #·ø£ÿ>± e÷{≤¢&É+&ç .
s¡#·sTT‘·
&܈ˆ $X¯«Hê<∏ä ≈£î≥T+ãsêe⁄
www.upakari.com
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
3
X¯óuÛ≤ø±+ø£å\T
-
GREETINGS
1. X¯óuÛÀ<äj·T+
-
2. X¯óuÛÑ eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+
-
3. X¯óuÛÑkÕj·T+
-
4. X¯óuÛÑsêÁ‹
-
5. eT+∫ø£\\T e#·TÃ>±ø£
-
7. yÓ[fl ekÕÔ!
-
Good-bye!
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
Good Morning!
Wish you a good morning!
Have a good morning!
Good afternoon!
Wish you a good afternoon!
Have a good afternoon!
Good evening!
Wish you a good evening!
Have a good evening!
Good night!
Wish you a good night!
Enjoy a good night!
Sweet Dreams!
Wish you sweet dreams!
Have / Enjoy sweet dreams!
Good bye!
Bye!
I say a good bye to you!
Let me leave you!
Tata to you!
I say a ta-ta to you!
Well, I must be going now,
Bye-bye!
I’ll see you later!
See you later!
See you tomorrow!
See you!
So long!
Cheerio!
Good night!
4
8.
ñ˝≤¢dü+>± ñ+&ÉT.
-
Cheerio!
I say a cherio to you!
9.
Ç≥Te+{Ï X¯óuÛÑ~Hê\T / |ü⁄{Ϻqs√E\T-Many happy returns of - the day!/Your birth day!
mìï+{ÏH√ Äq+<ä+‘√ »s¡T|ü⁄ø√yê\ì I wish you many happy returns of - the day!/Your
birth day!
10.
H˚qT ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT. Enjoy many happy returns of the day/Your birth day!
˙≈£î Ç~ dü+‘√wü Á|üj·÷D+ ø±yê\ì - I wish you comfortable and safe journey!
ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT.
Wish you a comfortable and safe journey!
Enjoy a comfortable and safe journey!
11.
12.
13.
14.
MT yÓ’yêVæ≤ø£ J$‘·+ Äq+<ä+‘√ e⁄+&ÉT>±ø£! Happy married life!
|üØø£å˝À¢ >=|üŒ |òü*‘êìï kÕ~Û+#ê\ì -Wish you a grand success in your examinations.
ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT.
˙e⁄ >=|üŒ $»j·T+ kÕ~Û+#ê\ì ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT.- Wish you a grand victory!
˙ Áø=‘·Ô Ç+{À¢ ˙e⁄ dü]dü+|ü<ä\‘√ ‘·T\‘·÷>∑T>±ø£! - Wish you a great prosperity
in your newly built house!
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
1.
$<˚XÊ\≈£î yÓfi‚¢ á X¯óuÛÑdüeTj·T+ ˙≈£î Wish you happy times abroad!
eT+∫ #˚j·TT>±>∑!
sêuÀj˚T ø±\+˝À mH√ï ñqï‘· |ü<äe⁄\T - Wish you grand promotions in future.
ìqTï e]+#·T>±ø£ !
MT $˝≤düj·÷Á‘· ñ˝≤¢dü+>± kÕ>∑Tø±ø£.
Wish you a joyous picnic.
á yê´bÕs¡ düe÷y˚X¯+˝À eT+∫ ìs¡íj·T+ - Wish you a nice outcome in the business conference.
rdüTø√yê\ì ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT.
ø£cÕº\qT <ë{≤\ì ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT.
Wish you getover your troubles!
nHês√>∑´+ qT+∫ ‘·«s¡>± ãj·T|ü&Ü\ì Hê ø√]ø£.- Wish you a speedy recovery from illness.
J$‘·+˝À sêDÏ+#·<äTe⁄>±ø£.
May you prosper in life!
I pray to God that you may prosper in life!
Let God bless you that you may prosper in life!
22.
u≤>± #·<äTe⁄ e#˚Ã≥Tº>± Ä uÛÑ>∑e+‘·T&ÉT -
I pray to God that He may bless your child
with a good education!
MT |æ\¢yêìì Äos¡«~+#ê\ì H˚qT ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT-
Let God bless your child with a good
education!
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
5
23.
ø£è‘·»„‘·\T
`
Thanks!
Thank you!
Thank you very much!
Thanks a lot!
Many thanks!
Thanks very much!
That’s very kind.
Good!
Nice of you!
24.
ô|’q #Ó|æŒ ø£è‘·»„‘·\≈£î ‹]– »yêãT #Ó|ü≥ `
Not at all!
You’re welcome!
Welcome!
It’s a pleasure!
That’s all right.
O.K.
ˇø£ |ü<ä yêø£´eTT\T`One Word Sentences
Imperative Mood - M{Ïì
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
sê.
b˛.
‹qT.
‘ê>∑T.
≈£Ls√Ã.
ì\ã&ÉT.
ìÁ<äb˛.
Ä&ÉT.
Hê≥´eTT#ÓsTT´.
bÕ&ÉT.
sêsTT.
#·<äTe⁄.
<ä÷≈£î.
qe⁄«.
@&ÉTe⁄.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
Ä»„, ôV≤#·Ã]ø£, ÁbÕs¡úq ‘Ó\T|ü⁄≥≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+‘·Ts¡T.
Come.
Go.
Eat.
Drink.
Sit.
Stand.
Sleep.
Play.
Dance.
Sing.
Write.
Read.
Jump.
Laugh.
Weep.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
ns¡Te⁄.
#·∫Ãb˛.
y˚T˝§ÿqT.
#·÷&ÉT.
>∑eTì+#·T.
e÷{≤¢&ÉT.
‘·|æŒ+#·Tø√.
rdüTø√.
Çe⁄«.
e÷{≤¢&ÉT.
‘Ó*j·TC…sTT´.
Á|üj·÷DÏ+#·T.
ã+~Û+#·T.
$&ÉT<ä\#ÓsTT´.
ô|[fl #˚düTø√.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
Cry.
Die.
Awake.
See.
Observe.
Talk.
Escape.
Take.
Give.
Converse.
Convey.
Travel.
Arrest.
Release.
Marry.
6
¬s+&ÉT |ü<ë\ yêø£´eTT\T`Two Word Sentences
Please come (or) Come please nqT á ¬s+&ÉT yêø£´eTT\˝À <˚ìHÓ’Hê yê&Ée#·TÃqT.
Please is used to express politeness.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
<äj·T#˚dæ s¡+&ç.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ yÓfi¯fl+&ç.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ‹q+&ç.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ‘ê>∑+&ç.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ≈£Ls√Ã+&ç.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ì\ã&É+&ç.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ìÁ<äb˛.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ Ä&ÉT.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ Hê≥´eTT #ÓsTT´. `
<äj·T#˚dæ bÕ&ÉT.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ sêj·T+&ç.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ #·<äTe⁄.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ <ä÷≈£î
`
<äj·T#˚dæ qe⁄«.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ #·<äTe⁄.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ns¡Te⁄.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ y˚T˝Àÿ.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ #·÷&ÉT.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ >∑eTì+#·T.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ e÷{≤¢&ÉT.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ‘·|æŒ+#·Tø√. `
<äj·T#˚dæ rdüTø√.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ Çe⁄«.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ‘Ó\T|ü⁄.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ Á|üj·÷DÏ+#·T. `
<äj·T#˚dæ ‘=\–+#·T.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ ã+~Û+#·T.
`
<äj·T#˚dæ $&ÉT<ä\#ÓsTT´. `
<äj·T#˚dæ dü+uÛ≤wæ+#·T. `
<äj·T#˚dæ ô|[fl#˚düTø√. `
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
Please come. (or) Come please.
Please go. (or) Go please.
Please eat. (or) Eat please.
Please drink. (or) Drink please.
Please sit. (or) Sit please.
Please stand. (or) Stand please.
Please sleep. (or) Sleep please.
Please play. (or) Play please.
Please dance. (or) Dance please.
Please sing. (or) Sing please.
Please write. (or) Write please.
Please read. (or) Read please.
Please jump. (or) Jump please.
Please laugh. (or) Laugh please.
Please read. (or) Read please.
Please cry. (or) Cry please.
Please awake. (or) Awake please.
Please see. (or) See please.
Please observe. (or) Observe please.
Please talk. (or) Talk please.
Please escape. (or) Escape please.
Please take.(or) Take please.
Please give. (or) Give please.
Please convey. (or) Convey please.
Please travel. (or) Travel please.
Please unveil (or) Unveil please.
Please arrest.(or) Arrest please.
Please release. (or) Please relese.
Please Converse (or) Converse please.
Please marry. (or) Marry please.
7
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
Çø£ÿ&É≈£î sê.
` Come here.
|òüs¡yê˝Ò<äT.
` No matter.
u≤>∑Tqï~.
` Very well.
Çø£b˛.
` Go now.
qqTï eTìï+#·T.
` Excuse me.
ãj·T≥≈£î yÓ[¢b˛.
` Get out.
H√s¡T eT÷düTø√.
` Shut up.
qqTï ø=≥Tº.
` Beat me.
ÁøÏ+<ä ≈£Ls√Ã.
` Sit down.
‹qï>± yÓfi¯ófl.
` Go straight.
ô|<ä›>± e÷{≤¢&ÉT.
` Speak loudly.
∫qï>± e÷{≤¢&ÉT.
` Speak slowly.
ìX¯Ùã›eTT>± e⁄+&ÉT.
` Keep quiet.
u≤>± #·<äTe⁄.
` Read well.
ø£wüº|ü&ç |üì#ÓsTT´.
` Work hard.
C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± $qT.
`Listen carefully.
Á|ü‹s√p Vü‰»s¡>∑TeTT. ` Be regular.
u≤>± #˚XÊe⁄.
` Well done.
Bìì #ÓsTT´.
` Do it.
ìX¯Ùã›+>± ñ+&ÉT.
` Be silent.
<äTs¡<äèwüºeTT.
` Bad luck.
H˚qT ø£åe÷|üD #ÓãT‘êqT. ` I apologize.
eT+∫~.
` Good luck.
X¯óuÛÑÁ|ü<äyÓTÆq BbÕe[. `Happy Diwali.
@MT nqTø√e<äT›.
` Never mind.
m+‘· n+<äyÓTÆq~!
` How lovely!
(or) How beautiful!
How charming!
57.
58.
59.
60.
m+‘· uÛÑj·T+ø£s¡yÓTÆq~!
m+‘· bı&ÉT¬>’q~!
m+‘· $ø±s¡yÓTÆq~
m+‘· >=|üŒ~!
` How terrible!
` How tall!
` How ugly!
` How great!
eT÷&ÉT |ü<ë\ yêø£´eTT\T` Three Word Sentences
Ç$ kÕ<Ûës¡D+>± yê&ÉTø£˝À e⁄qï ∫qï yêø±´\T.
M{Ïì H˚s¡TÃø√+&ç.
1.H˚qT ìqTï Çwüº|ü&É‘êqT.`I like you.
2.H˚qT ìqTï Áù|$TkÕÔqT.`I love you.
3.H˚qT ìqTï ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T≈£î+{≤qT- I use you.
4.H˚qT ìqTï ø=&É‘êqT.`I beat you.
5.H˚qT ìqTï bı>∑T&ÉT‘êqT.`I praise you.
6.H˚qT ˙≈£î ÇkÕÔqT.`I give you.
7.H˚qT ìqTï ô|[fl #˚düT≈£î+{≤qT.`I marry you.
8.H˚qT ˙≈£î $&Ü≈£î*kÕÔqT.`I divorce you.
9.Ç~ y˚dü$ ø±\eTT.`It is summer.
10.sêeTT&ÉT u≤>± bÕ&É‘ê&ÉT.`Rama sings well.
11.ø£èwüßí&ÉT ø√|üeTT>± e÷{≤¢&ÓqT.`Krishna spoke
angrily.
12.d”‘·≈£î ø±|ò” ÇwüºeTT. `Sita likes coffee.
13.yÓ+ø£fÒwt≈£î {° ÇwüºeTT.`Venkatesh likes tea.
14.Hê>±s¡T®q dü+‘√wü+>± ø£ì|ædüTÔHêï&ÉT.`
Nagarjuna seems happy.
15.á ñ‘·Ôs¡+ b˛dtº #ÓsTT´.`Post this letter.
16.n‘·qT ã<ä›ø£düTÔ&ÉT.`He is lazy.
17.n‘·qT ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉT.`He is clever.
18.ns¡T®qT&ÉT ø£s¡Tíì #·+ô|qT- Arjuna killed Karna.
19.ø£èwüßí&ÉT ø£+düTì #·+ô|qT.`Krishna killed
Kamsa.
20.sêeTT&ÉT sêeDTì #·+ô|qT.`Rama killed
Ravana.
21.n Áf…sTTHéqT n+<äTø√` Catch the train.
22.H˚qT Ä&É‘êqT.`I shall play.
23.ñwü ‘·|üŒìdü]>± bÕ&Ü*`Usha must sing.
24.ˇø£ÿ ì$Twü+ y˚∫ j·TT+&ÉT.`Wait a minute.
25.#ÓsTT´ ˝Òø£b˛‘˚ #·∫Ãb˛.`Do or die.
26.|üì #ÓsTT´ ˝Òø£b˛‘˚ Äø£*‘√ e⁄+&ÉT.`
Work or starve.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
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27.H˚qT n˝≤ nqT≈£î+{≤qT.`I think so.
28.H˚qT n˝≤ qeTTà‘êqT.` I believe so.
29.H˚qT n˝≤ Ä•kÕÔqT `I hope so.
30.H˚qT n˝≤ ø√s¡T≈£î+{≤qT.`I expect so.
31.H˚qT n˝≤ Ä˝À∫kÕÔqT.`I think so.
32.Ä+<√fi¯q e<äT›.`Don’t worry.
33.n+‘ê eT+∫ »s¡T>∑T>±ø£.`All the best.
34.Áø=‘·Ô dü+e‘·‡s¡+ Äq+<ä+>± e⁄+&Ü*.`
Happy new year.
35.Ç‘·qT ∫s¡+J$.- This is Chiranjeevi.
36.Ç$ |ü⁄düÔø±\T.`These are books.
37.eTqeTT uÛ≤s¡rj·TT\eTT.`We are Indians.
38.yês¡T ôd’ì≈£î\T.`They are soldiers.
39.H˚qT bı&É>∑].`I am tall.
40.áyÓT kı>∑ôd’q~.`She is pretty.
41.y˚TeTT Äø£*‘√ e⁄HêïeTT.`We are hungry.
42.n‘·qT u≤\ø£èwüí.`That is Balakrishna.
43.áyÓT d”‘·.`This is Sita.
44.ÄyÓT sê<Ûä.`That is Radha.
45.ÄyÓT kÂ+<äs¡´.- That is Soundarya.
46.ÄyÓT nqTwüÿ.`That is Anushka.
47.Ç$ ô|ì‡fi¯ófl.`These are pencils.
48.Ç$ –HÓï\T.`These are cups.
49.n$ ã+‘·T\T.`Those are balls.
50.n$ uÛÑeHê\T.`Those are buildings.
51.yês¡T eTqTwüß´\T.`They are men.
52.yês¡T u≤\Ts¡T.`They are boys.
53.yês¡T u≤*ø£\T.`They are girls.
54.áyÓT Ç*j·÷Hê?`This is Iliana.
55.Ç$ ø£+#ê\T.`These are plates.
56.Ç$ ≈£îø£ÿ\T.`These are dogs.
57.Ç$ >±&ç<ä\T.`These are donkeys.
58.Ç$ ø√&çô|≥º\T.`These are hens.
59.n$ |üP\T.`Those are flowers.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
60.n$ |ü+&ÉT¢.`Those are fruits.
61.n$ >=&ÉT>∑T\T.`Those are umbrellas.
62.n$ Çfi¯ófl.`Those are houses.
63.n$ |æ#·TÃø£\T.`Those are sparrows.
64.n$ m&É¢ã+&ÉT¢.`Those are bullock carts.
65.yês¡T $<ë´s¡Tú\T.`They are students.
66.yês¡T |æ\¢\T.`They are children.
67.yês¡T ‘·*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\T.`They are parents.
68.yês¡T Áø°&Üø±s¡T\T.`They are players.
69.yês¡T |üìyêfi¯ófl.`They are workes.
70.MTs¡T ñ<√´>∑düTú\T.`You are employees.
71.MTs¡T >∑èVæ≤DT\T.`You are house-wives.
72.MTs¡T ¬s’‘·T\T`You are farmers.
73.y˚TeTT Åd”Ô\eTT.`We are women.
74.y˚TeTT |ü⁄s¡Twüß\eTT.`We are men.
75.y˚TeTT $<ë´s¡Tú\eTT.`We are students.
76.y˚TeTT ñ|üHê´dü≈£î\eTT.`We are lecturers.
77.y˚TeTT ìs¡T<√´>∑T\eTT.`We are unemployees.
78.n‘·qT s¡$.`He is Ravi.
79.n‘·qT lqT.`He is Srinu.
80.n‘·qT yêdüT.`He is Vasu.
81.n‘·qT eTTsê].`He is Murari.
82.ÄyÓT {≤ãT.`She is Tabu.
83.ÄyÓT Á•j·T.`She is Sriya.
84.ÄyÓT ≈£îwüß“-She is Kushbhu.
85.n~ @$T?`What is that?
86.Ç~ @$T{Ï?`What is this?
87.˙yÓes¡T?`Who are you?
88.H˚HÓes¡T?`Who am I?
89.y˚TeTT mes¡T?`Who are we?
90.yê¬ses¡T?`Who are they?
91.n‘·HÓes¡T?`Who is he?
92.ÄyÓT mes¡T?`Who is she?
93.sêeTT&Óes¡T?`Who is Rama?
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sêeTT&ÉT <˚e⁄&ÉT.
ø£èwüßí&ÉT mes¡T?
nø£ÿ&É mes¡THêïs¡T?
nø£ÿ&É me&ÉTHêï&ÉT?
me&ÉT e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·THêï&ÉT?
˙ eè‹Ô @$T{Ï?
e÷ eè‹Ô @$T{Ï?
n‘·ì eè‹Ô @$T{Ï?
ÄyÓT eè‹Ô @$T{Ï?
n‘·qT n\dæb˛j·÷&ÉT.
n‘·qT ù|s¡T dü+bÕ~+#ê&ÉT.
n‘·qT <Ûäqe+‘·T&Éj·÷´&ÉT.
n‘·qT eTTdü*yê&Éj·÷´&ÉT.
n‘·qT ìÁ<äb˛j·÷&ÉT.
mes¡T Vü‰»s¡T ø±˝Ò<äT?
@$T{Ï ‘·|ü
m+‘· (>=|üŒ) #Ó≥Tº?
m+‘· nee÷qyÓ÷!
m+‘· C≤˝À!
m+‘· eT÷s¡Tâ&√!
Ä\dü´yÓTÆq~.
Ç~ eTT+<äT>± e⁄qï~.
Ç~ eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+.
Ç~ ñ<äj·T+.
Ç~ kÕj·T+ø±\+.
Ç~ ns¡∆sêÁ‹.
y˚&ç>± e⁄qï~.
#·\¢>± e⁄qï~.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
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Rama is God.
Who is Krishna?
Who are there?
Who is there?
Who is speaking?
What are you?
What are we?
What is he?
What is she?
He got tired.
He became famous.
He became rich.
He grew old.
He fell asleep.
Who are absent?
What is wrong?
What a tree?
What a shame!
What a pity!
What a fool!
It is late.
It is early.
It is noon.
It is morning.
It is evening.
It is midnight.
It is hot.
It is cold.
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Ç+^¢wüß˝À Á|ü<Ûëq+>± 7 yêø±´\T ñqï$. n$.
Active Voice -
ø£s¡Ô] Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT
H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
2. I am walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT.
3. I have walked.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.
4. I have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïqT.
Passive Voice ` ø£s¡àDÏ Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT
5. I am advised
Hê≈£î (ás√E) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
6. I am being advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
7. I have been advised.
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
ô|’ yêø±´\≈£î Past tense, Future tense ˝À ñqï yê{Ïì ≈£L&Ü nuÛ´Ñ dæ+#ê*.
˝Àø£+˝À ñqï n+<ä]˙ s¬ +&ÉT Á>∑÷|ü⁄\T>± $uÛõÑ +#·&+É »]–+~. Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìï
á 2 Á>∑÷|ü⁄˝À¢ e⁄qï e´≈£îÔ\+<ä]#˚‘· |ü*øÏùdÔ Ç+^¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É&ÉeTT u≤>±
edüTÔ+~. á 2 Á>∑÷|ü⁄ düuÛÑT´\T) :
A Group: I `H˚qT, we`y˚TeTT, you`MTs¡T/˙e⁄, they`yêfi¯ófl/(n$), (the
1.
I walk.
students, the books, the problems, my parents, your friends,
etc), boys`u≤\Ts¡T.
B Group: He`n‘·qT, she`ÄyÓT, it`n~/Ç~ (chain, dog, India, the
Rajadhani Express, the TDP, December, cricket, house, gold,
etc.) Rama, Sita
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
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Ç+^¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É{≤ìøÏ ø±e\dæq ø£˙dü yêø±´\T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT.(Present Continuous tense)
I walked. H˚qT q&ç#êqT. (Past Simple Tense)
I will walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Future Simple Tense)
I was walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì. (Past Continous Tense)
I will be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT (Future Continous Tense)
I walk. H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Present Simple Tense)
ô|q’ Ç∫Ãq 6 yêø±´\qT u≤>± nuÛ´Ñ dæùdÔ @ dü+<äs“¡ e¤ TT˝ÀHÓH’ ê eTq uÛ≤yê\qT
Ç‘·s¡T\≈£î düT\uÛÑ+>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒj·T>∑\eTT. nq>± Ç+^¢wt˝À @ düeTj·T+˝ÀHÓ’Hê
düπs #·ø£ÿ>± e÷{≤¢&É≥eTT eTq≈£î #˚‘·qe⁄‘·T+~. á 6 yêø±´\˝À Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ
yêø£´eTTqT Hê\T>∑T yêø±´\T>± #Ó|üŒe#·TÃqT. ñ<ë:
I. 1.I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I am not (I’m not) walking. H˚qT q&Ée&É+˝Ò<äT.
(Nagative sentence)
3.Am I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê? (Interrogative sentence)
4.Aren’t I walking? H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)
II
1.I walked. H˚qT q&ç#êqT. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I didn’t (&ç+{Ÿ) walk. H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (Negative sentence)
3.Did I walk? H˚qT q&ç#êHê? (Interrogative sentence)
4.Didn’t (&ç+{Ÿ) I walk? H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)
III
1.I will walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I won’t walk. H˚qT q&ÉeqT. (Negative sentence)
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
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3.Will I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? (Interrogative sentence)
4.Won’t I walk? H˚qT q&ÉeHê?(Negative Interrogative sentence)
IV. 1.I was walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I wasn’t walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝<Ò Tä .(Nagative sentence)
3.Was I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{ÏHê? (Interrogative sentence)
4.Wasn’t I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)
V.
1.I will be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ôe⁄+{≤qT. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I won’t be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ôe⁄+&ÉqT. (Nagative sentence)
3.Will I be walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ôe⁄+{≤Hê?
(Interrogative sentence)
4.Won’t I be walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ôe⁄+&ÉHê?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)
VI 1.I walk. H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I don’t walk. H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeqT. (Negative sentence)
3.Do I walk? H˚qT (s√p) (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
Interrogative sentence)
4.Don’t I walk? H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeHê?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)
M{Ïì u≤>± H˚s¡TÃø=q+&ç.
1.
a)
b)
2.
a)
Shall/Will ` uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔqT dü÷∫düTÔ+~.
Shall I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
I will walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
Do/Does s√p #˚ùd |üqT\≈£î m≈£îÿe>± yê&É‘ês¡T.
Do I go to school? H˚qT dü÷ÿ\T≈£î (s√p) yÓfi¯‘êHê?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
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b)
3.
a)
4.
a)
5.
a)
b)
6.
a)
Does he go to school? n‘·qT dü÷ÿ\T≈£î (s√p) yÓfi¯‘ê&Ü?
Did ` »]–q|üìì ‘Ó*ù|~.
Did I walk? ` H˚qT q&ç#êHê?
Am/Are/Is ` Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ e⁄qï dæú‹ì ‘Ó*ù|~
I am here ` H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É e⁄HêïqT.
Have+V3/Has+V3 ` Ç|ü&˚ »]–q|üìì ‘Ó*ù|~
I have written a letter. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) ñ‘·Ôs¡+ ÁyêXÊqT.
He has come here. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) Çø£ÿ&É≈£î e#êÃ&ÉT.
Will have+V3 - uÛ$
Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À á düeTj·÷ìøÏ nsTTb˛j˚T |üìì ‘Ó*ù|~
I will have beaten him tomorrow at this time.
πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·ìì ø=fÒºdæ j·TT+{≤qT.
7. Might have + V3
>∑‘·+˝À ˇø£ |üì »]–j·TT+&Ée#·Tà nì #Óù|Œ≥|ü&ÉT Ç~ yê&Ü*.
a) He might have given him Rs.100/- yesterday.
ìqï n‘·ìøÏ n‘·qT s¡÷. 100/` Ç∫à e⁄+&Ée#·TÃqT.
8. Should have+V3/must have+V3
‘·|üŒìdü]>± ˇø£ |üì >∑‘·+˝À »]–e⁄+≥T+~ nì #Óù|Œ≥|ü&ÉT
a) He should have beaten Ravi yesterday.
n‘·qT s¡$ì ìqï ‘·|üŒø£ ø={Ϻ e⁄+fÒ u≤>∑T+&ÉTqT.
b) She must have married him yesterday.
ÄyÓT n‘·ìì ìqï ‘·|üŒø£ ô|[fl #˚düTø=ì e⁄+≥T+~.
9. Had+V3. >∑‘·+˝À ¬s+&ÉT |üqT\T »]–q|ü&ÉT yÓTT<ä{Ï>± »]–q |üìì
Past Perfect ˝ÀqT s¬ +&ÉekÕ] »]–q |üìì Past Simple ˝ÀqT #ÓbÕŒ*.
ex He had slept last night before I went his home.
n‘·ì Ç+{ÏøÏ H˚qT yÓfi‚flø£+fÒ eTT+<äT n‘·qT ìÁ<äb˛j·÷&ÉT.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
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10. May ` »s¡>∑e#·Tà nqTq|ü&ÉT #ÓbÕŒ* á |ü<ëìï
ex My friend Venkatesh may come here.
Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT yÓ+ø£fÒwt Çø£ÿ&çøÏ sêe#·TÃ
11. Have to/Has to ` #˚j·÷* nì #Óù|Œ≥|ü&ÉT
ex a)
I have to go to Vijayawada tomorrow by 6:00 pm
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ kÕj·T+Á‘·+ 6 >∑+≥\≈£î $»j·Tyê&É #˚sê*.
b)
He has to dance here ` n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É Hê≥´+ #˚j·÷*.
12 Going to / about to ` #˚j·TuÀe⁄#·THêïqT.
a)
I am going to give you Rs. 100/-
H˚qT ˙≈£î s¡÷.100 Çe«uÀe⁄#·THêïqT.
b)
I am about to give you Rs. 100/-
H˚qT ˙≈£î s¡÷.100 Çe«uÀe⁄#·THêïqT.
13. Can ` #˚j·T>∑\qT nì #Óù|Œ≥|ü&ÉT
I can run there ` H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î |üs¡T¬>‹Ô yÓfi¯fl>∑\qT.
14. Could ` #˚j·T>∑\&ÉT
a)
I could eat well ` H˚qT <ëìì u≤>± ‹q>∑*>±qT.
15. Let ` #˚j·T˙
a)
Let me explain about it. ` <ëìì >∑T]+∫ qqTï
$es¡D Çe«˙j·T+&ç
16. I saw him singing a song yesterday.
ìqï n‘·qT ˇø£ bÕ≥ bÕ&É≥+ H˚qT #·÷XÊqT.
There are 23 helping verbs.
1. Am - I am walking. H˚qT
q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT.
2. Is - He is walking. n‘·qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT.
3. Are - We are walking. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïeTT.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
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4. Was - I was walking in the morning.
H˚qT ñ<äj·÷+ q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì.
5. Were - We were walking in the morning.
y˚TeTT ñ<äj·T+ q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ï$T.
6. Being - I am being advised. Hê≈£î (á s√E) dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T.
7. Been - I have been scolded. qqTï Ç|ü&˚ ‹{≤ºs¡T.
8. Be - I shall be eating a mango tomorrow.
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄+{≤qT.
9. Have - I have eaten a mango. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹HêïqT.
10. Has - He has eaten a mango. n‘·ì|ü&˚ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹Hêï&ÉT
11. Had - I had eaten a mango yesterday before you came.
ìqï ˙e⁄ e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹+{Ïì.
12. Do - Do you go there. ˙e⁄ / MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É≈£î (s√p) yÓfi¯‘êsê?
13. Does - Does he read here today?
n‘·qT (s√p) Çø£ÿ&É #·<äTe⁄‘ê&Ü?
14. Did - Did he go there yesterday?
ìqï n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi≤fl&Ü?
15. Shall - Shall I take it. H˚qT <ëìì rdüTø√Hê?
16. Should - You should come here.
˙e⁄ Ç|ü&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î ‘·|üŒø£ sêyê*.
17. Will - He will come here tomorrow.
πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î ekÕÔ&ÉT.
18. Would - Would you mind opening the window.
øÏ{Ïø° ‘Ós¡e&ÜìøÏ MTπsMT nqTø√s¡T>±!
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
16
19.
20.
21.
22.
May - He may help me. n‘·qT Hê≈£î kÕj·T+ #˚jT· e#·TÃqT (ãVüQXÊ)
Might - He might be coming here.n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É≈î£ edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤&ÉT.
Must - You must go there. ˙e⁄ ‘·|üŒø£ nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi≤fl*.
Can - I can do it alone. H˚qT Bìì ˇ+{]>± #˚j·T>∑\qT.
23. Could - I could lift this chair. H˚qT á ≈£îØÃì ô|’¬ø‘·Ô>∑*>±qT.
Verbs 3 s¡ø±\T
1. Action verbs - Subject #˚ùd |üìì ‘Ó*ù|~
walk, talk, run, dance, sit, etc.
2. Helping verbs - Verbs øÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚ùd$
can, may, have, shall, will, must
3. Linking verbs - Subject ≈£î object≈£î nqTdü+<Ûëq+>± e⁄+&˚$
am, are, is become, feel, look, seen, etc.
Active Voice + Passive Voice (40 Sentences)
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì.
I wasn’t walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT.
I am walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄HêïqT.
I’m not walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ˝ÒqT / H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT.
I will be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{≤qT.
I won’t be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&ÉqT.
I had walked.
H˚qT (n|ü&˚) q&ç∫‹ì.
I hadn’t walked.
H˚qT (n|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
I have walked.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.
1. I was walking.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
17
H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
11. I will have walked. H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫e⁄+{≤qT.
12. I won’t have walked.H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫e⁄+&ÉqT.
13. I had been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì.
14. I hadn’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&Édü÷Ô ˝ÒqT.
15. I have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Édü÷Ô e⁄HêïqT.
16. I haven’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT.
17. I will have been waking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{≤qT.
18. I won’t have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&ÉqT.
19. I walked.
H˚qT q&ç∫‹ì.
20. I didn’t walk.
H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
21. I walk.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
22. I don’t walk.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeqT.
23. I will walk.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
24. I won’t walk.
H˚qT q&ÉeqT.
25. I was scolded.
qqTï (ìqï) ‹{Ϻ].
26. I wasn’t scolded.
qqTï (ìqï) ‹≥º˝Ò<äT.
27. I am scolded.
qqTï (á s√E) ‹{≤ºs¡T.
28. I aren’t scolded.
qqTï (á s√E) ‹≥º˝Ò<äT.
29. I will be scolded.
qqTï ‹&É‘ês¡T.
30. I won’t be scolded.
qqTï ‹{ºs¡T.
31. I was being scolded.
qqTï ‹&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{Ï].
10. I haven’t walked.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
18
32. I wasn’t being scolded.
33. I am being scolded.
34. I’m not being scolded.
35. I had been scolded.
36. I hadn’t been scolded.
37. I have been scolded.
38. I haven’t been scolded.
39. I will have been scolded.
40. I won’t have been scolded.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
qqTï ‹&ÉT‘·÷˝Òs¡T.
qqTï ‹≥Tº#·THêïs¡T.
qqTï ‹≥º&É+ ˝Ò<äT
qqTï (n|ü&ÉT) ‹{≤ºs¡T.
qqTï (n|ü&ÉT) ‹≥º˝Ò<äT.
qqTï (Ç|ü&˚) ‹{≤ºs¡T.
qqTï (Ç|ü&ÉT) ‹≥º˝Ò<äT.
qqTï (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) ‹{Ϻ e⁄+{≤s¡T.
qqTï (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) ‹{Ϻ e⁄+&És¡T.
19
A few sentences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
I walk.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
I will walk.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
I shall walk.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
I should walk.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
I do walk.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
I don’t walk.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeqT.
I won’t walk.
H˚qT q&ÉeqT.
I shan’t walk.
H˚qT q&ÉeqT.
I shouldn’t walk.
H˚qT q&ÉeqT.
I wouldn’t walk.
H˚qT q&ÉeqT.
Do I walk?
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
Shall I walk?
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
Should I walk?
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
I can walk.
H˚qT q&Ée>∑\qT.
I may walk.
H˚qT (ãVüQX¯) q&Éee#·TÃ.
I must walk.
H˚qT (‘·|üŒø£) q&Éyê*.
I could walk.
H˚qT q&Ée>∑*>±qT.
I couldn’t walk.
H˚qT q&Ée˝Òø£ b˛j·÷qT
I didn’t walk.
H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
I can’t walk.
H˚qT q&Ée˝ÒqT.
I may not walk.
H˚qT (ãVüQX¯) q&Éeø£b˛e#·TÃqT.
I am walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄HêïqT.
He might be walking there.n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{≤&ÉT.
I am not walking. H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT.
Am I walking?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄HêïHê?
Aren’t I walking.
H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë?
I have been walking .H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄HêïqT.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
20
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Have I been walking?
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë?
I haven’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Ée&É˝Ò<äT?
Haven’t I been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë?
I have walked.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.
Have I walked?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ç#êHê?
I haven’t walked.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT?
Haven’t I walked?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
I walk.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
I don’t walk.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeqT.
Do I walk?
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
Don’t I walk?
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeHê?
If I invite him to the party, he will attend.
H˚qT n‘·ìì bÕغøÏ ÄVü‰«ìùdÔ, n‘·qT ekÕÔ&ÉT.
40. If you read well, you will pass.
˙e⁄ u≤>± #·~$‘˚, ˙e⁄ ñrÔs¡Tí&Ée⁄ ne⁄‘êe⁄.
41. If I were a bird, I would fly home.
H˚qT ˇø£ |üøÏåì nsTT‘˚, Ç+{ÏøÏ m–] yÓfi≤ÔqT (nkÕ<Ûä´ $wüj·T+˝À)
42. If you meet the minister, he may help you.
˙e⁄ Ä eT+Á‹ì ø£*ùdÔ, n‘·qT ˙≈£î kÕj·T+ #˚j·Te#·TÃqT.
43. If he had worked hard, he would have passed.
n‘·qT u≤>± ø£wüº|ü&çe⁄+fÒ, n‘·qT bÕdüsTT e⁄+&˚yê&ÉT.
44. If I had gone there, I would have got the job.
H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓ[fle⁄+fÒ, Ä ñ<√´>∑+ Hê≈£î e∫Ãe⁄+&˚~.
45.Ramesh is the cleverest boy in the class. (Superlative Degree)
‘·s¡>∑‹˝À s¡y˚Twt u≤>± ‘Ó*$ >∑\ u≤\T&ÉT.
46. Ramesh is clever than any other boy in the class.
s¡y˚Twt ‘·s¡>∑‹˝À, u≤\Ts¡+<ä]ø£+fÒ ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉT. (Comparative Degree)
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
21
47. No other boy in the class is as cleverer as Ramesh
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ˝Àì @ ˇø£ÿu≤\T&É÷ s¡yT˚ wt n+‘· ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉTø±<äT.(Positive Degree)
48. Ramesh is one of the cleverest boys in the class (SD)
s¡y˚Twt ‘·s¡>∑‹˝Àì ‘Ó*$>∑\ yêfi¯fl˝À ˇø£&ÉT.
49. Very few boys in the class are as clever as Ramesh.
‘·s¡>∑‹˝Àì #ê˝≤ ‘·≈£îÿe eT+~ u≤\Ts¡T s¡y˚Twt n+‘· ‘Ó*$>∑\yês¡T.
50. I saw him to minutes ago.|ü~ ì$TcÕ\ ÁøÏ‘+· H˚qT n‘·ìì #·÷XÊqT.
51. I pray for your success. ˙ $»j·T+ ø√dü+ H˚qT ÁbÕ]úkÕÔqT.
52. A blind man needs help. >∑T&ç¶yêìøÏ kÕj·T+ nedüs¡+.
53. I have no money to spare.
πø{≤sTT+#·{≤ìøÏ/Ks¡Tà #˚j·T{≤ìøÏ Hê <ä>∑Zs¡ &ÉãT“˝Ò<äT.
54. He is too weak to stand.
n‘·qT ì\ã&É˝Òq+‘· ã\V”≤q+>± ñHêï&ÉT.
55. She is a university student. ÄyÓT $X¯«$<ë´\j·T $<ë´]úì.
56. Steel is a metal. d”º\T ˇø£ ˝ÀVü≤eTT.
57. I visited Kashmir last April. >∑‘· @Á|æ˝Ÿ˝À H˚qT ø±oàsY #·÷XÊqT.
58. I believe you. H˚qT ìqTï qeTTà‘êqT.
59. I bought three dozen oranges.
H˚qT 3 &É»q¢ ø£eT˝≤\T ø=HêïqT.
60. None of the girls is coming to the picnic.
|æøÏïø˘≈£î @ ˇø£ÿ u≤*ø± sêe&É+@<äT.
61. He and I are twins. n‘·qT H˚qT ø£e\\T.
62. Both his sons are doctors. n‘·ì Ç<ä›s¡T ≈£îe÷s¡T\T yÓ’<äT´\T.
63. I wrote to him yesterday. ìqï H˚qT n‘·ìøÏ sêXÊqT.
64. I saw the film a week ago.
ˇø£ yês¡+ ÁøÏ‘·+ H˚qT Ä dæìe÷qT #·÷XÊqT.
65. I have been waiting here for a long time.
H˚qT #ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>± Çø£ÿ&É m<äTs¡T #·÷düTÔHêïqT.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
22
66. I have been waiting for you since 6 ‘O’clock
˙ ø√dü+ qqT 6 >∑+≥\ qT+&ç m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïqT.
67. Vijayawada as well as Hyderabad is a city.
$»j·Tyê&É n+‘˚>±ø£ ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é ˇø£ q>∑s¡eTT.
68. I like to listen to the radio. Hê≈£î πs&çjÓ÷ $q&É+ Çwüº+.
69. She is my cousin. ÄyÓT Hê ‘√ãT≥Tºe⁄.
70. Neither of us was present at the meeting.
eTq˝À ˇø£ÿ&ÉT düe÷y˚XÊìøÏ Vü‰»s¡T ø±˝Ò<äT.
71. I am thirty five years old. Hê≈£î 35 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ej·TdüT‡.
72. He is brilliant neither at language nor science.
n‘·qT uÛ≤wü˝Àø±ì, ôd’H釽Àø±˙ y˚T<Ûë$ø±&ÉT.
73. Owing to his illness he was absent.
nHês√>∑´+ e\¢ n‘·qT sê˝Ò<äT.
74. What is the price of that book. Ä |ü⁄düÔø£+ yÓ\
75. I can help you. H˚qT ˙≈£î düVü‰j·T+ #˚j·T>∑\qT.
m+‘·?
Some more sentences
1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
What do you do everyday?
What will you do tomorrow?
What did you do yesterday?
I tell you everything.
I can do anything.
I know nothing.
I did something.
Somebody came.
Everyone knows.
Anybody can do this.
Nobody took that.
I went somewhere.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
˙e⁄ s√p @$T #˚kÕÔe⁄?
˙e⁄ πs|ü⁄ @$T #˚kÕÔe⁄?
˙e⁄ ìqï @+ #˚kÕe⁄.
H˚qT ˙≈£î n+‘ê #ÓãT‘ê.
H˚qT @<Ó’Hê #˚j·T>∑\qT.
Hê≈£î @MT ‘Ó*j·T<äT.
H˚qT @<√ #˚kÕqT.
mes√ e#êÃs¡T.
Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ]øÏ ‘Ó\TdüT.
Bìì me¬s’Hê #˚j·Te#·TÃ.
<ëìï mes¡÷ rdüTø√˝Ò<äT.
H˚qT mø£ÿ&çø√ yÓfi≤flqT.
23
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
I went everywhere.
I can go anywhere.
I went nowhere.
Switch on the TV.
Switch on the radio.
Switch on the fan.
Switch on the light.
Switch on the gas.
Turn on the TV.
Turn on the radio.
Turn on the fan.
Turn on the light.
Turn on the gas.
Switch off the TV.
Switch off the radio.
Switch off the fan.
Switch off the light.
Switch off the gas.
Turn off the TV
Turn off the radio.
Turn off the fan.
Turn off the light.
Turn off the gas.
Turn up the TV.
Turn up the radio.
Turn up the fan.
Turn up the gas.
Turn down the TV.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
H˚qT nìï#√≥¢≈£î yÓfi≤flqT.
H˚qT mø£ÿ&ç¬ø’Hê yÓfi≤¢qT.
H˚qT mø£ÿ&çø° yÓfi¯fl˝Ò<äT.
{Ï$ ô|≥Tº.
πs&çjÓ÷ ô|≥Tº.
bòÕ´Hé yÓsTT´.
˝…’{Ÿ yÓsTT´.
>±´dt yÓsTT´.
{Ï$ ô|≥Tº.
πs&çjÓ÷ ô|≥Tº.
bòÕ´Hé yÓsTT´.
˝…’{Ÿ yÓsTT´.
>±´dt yÓ*–+#·T.
{Ï$ ø£f…ºjYT.
πs&çjÓ÷ ø£f…ºjYT.
bòÕ´Hé ‹sTT´.
˝…’{Ÿ ‹sTT´.
>±´dt ø£f…ºjYT.
{Ï$ ø£f…ºjYT.
πs&çjÓ÷ ø£f…ºjYT.
bòÕ´Hé ø£f…ºjYT.
˝…’{Ÿ ‹sTT´.
>±´dt ø£f…ºjYT.
{Ï$ kÂ+&é ô|+#·T.
πs&çjÓ÷ kÂ+&é ô|+#·T.
>±´dt ô|+#·T.
{Ï$ kÂ+&é ‘·–Z+#·T.
πs&çjÓ÷ kÂ+&é ‘·–Z+#·T.
24
πs&çjÓ÷ kÂ+&é ‘·–Z+#·T.
43. Turn down the fan.
bòÕ´Hé d”Œ&é ‘·–Z+#·T.
44. Turn down the gas.
>±´dt ‘·–Z+#·T.
45. Put on your shoes.
˙ ã÷≥T¢ y˚düTø√.
46. Put on your dress.
˙ ã≥º\T y˚düTø√.
47. Put on your shirt.
˙ #=ø±ÿ y˚düTø√.
48. Take off your shoes.
˙ ã÷≥T¢ rùdjYT
49. Take off your dress.
˙ ã≥º\T rùdjYT.
50. Take off your shirt.
˙ #=ø±ÿ rùdjYT.
51. Get on/into the bus.
ãdüT‡ m≈£îÿ.
52. Get on/into the train.
¬s’\T m≈£îÿ.
53. Get on/into the auto.
Ä{À m≈£îÿ.
54. Get off/out of the bus.
ãdüT‡ ~>∑T.
55. Get off/out of the train. ¬s’\T ~>∑T.
56. Get down from the auto. Ä{À ~>∑T.
57. Please turn on the light. ø±düÔ ˝…’{Ÿ y˚j·T+&ç.
58. Shall I turn down the fan?H˚qT bòÕ´Hé d”Œ&ÉT ‘·–Z+#ê˝≤?
59. I am putting on my shoes. H˚qT Hê ã÷≥T¢ y˚düTø=+≥THêïqT.
60. I took off my shoes.
H˚qT ã÷≥T¢ rkÕqT.
42. Turn down the radio.
61. Every man, woman and child was present.
Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ eT>∑yê&ÉT, Ä&É~ eT]j·TT |æ\¢yê&ÉT Vü‰»s¡j·÷´&ÉT.
˙ ã≥º*ï ˙y˚ ñ‘·T≈£îÿ+{≤yê?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
25
EXERCISES
(nuÛ≤´düeTT\T)
Á|ü‹s√p $<ë´s¡T∆\T ˇø=ø£ÿ ˝…yÓ˝Ÿ˝Àì yêø£´eTT\qT nuÛÑ´dæ+#·>∑\s¡T :
LEVEL-1
1. I am (I’m) here.
H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïqT.
2. Am I here?
H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïHê?
3. I am not ((I’m not) here.
H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ˝ÒqT.
4. Aren’t I here?
H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ˝ÒHê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-2
5. I was here yesterday?
H˚qT ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{Ïì.
6. Was I here yesterday?
H˚qT ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{ÏHê?
7. I was not (wasn’t) here yesterday? H˚qT ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ˝ÒqT?
8. Wasn’t I here yesterday?
H˚qT ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ˝ÒHê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-3
9. I will (I’ll`Ç˝Ÿ) be there tomorrow.πs|ü⁄ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤qT.
10. Will I be there tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤Hê?
11. I will not (won’t`y√+{Ÿ) be there tomorrow.
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÉqT.
12. Won’t I be there tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÉHê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
1.
2.
3.
4.
LEVEL-4
I am (I’m`◊yéT) walking.
Am I walking?
I am not (I’m not) walking.
Aren’t I walking?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT.
H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê?
H˚qT q&ÉefÒ¢<äT.
H˚qT q&ÉefÒ¢<ë?
26
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-5
5. I was walking yesterday.
H˚qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô
6. Was I walking yesterday?
H˚qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô
7. I was not (wasn’t`eCŸ+{Ÿ) walking yesterday?
e⁄+{Ïì.
e⁄+{ÏHê?
H˚qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë?
8. Wasn’t I walking yesterday?
H˚qT ìqï ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-6
9. I will (I’ll`Ç˝Ÿ) be walking tomorrow.sπ |ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.
10. Will I be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê?
11. I will not be walking tomorrow. H˚qT πs|ü⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.
12. Won’t I be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-7
1. I advise.
H˚qT (s√p) dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔqT.
2. Do I advise?
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔHê?
3. I do not (don’t &√Héº) advise.
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«qT.
4. Don’t I advise?
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«Hê?
5. He advises.
n‘·qT (s√p)dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔ&ÉT.
6. Does he advise?
n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔ&Ü?
7. He does not (doesn’t) advise. n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«&ÉT.
8. Doesn’t he advise?
n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«&Ü?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
27
LEVEL-8
1. I advised.
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃqT.
2. Did I advise?
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃHê?
3. I did not (didn’t &ç+{Ÿ) advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT.
4. Didn’t I advise?
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-9
1. I shall advise.
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔqT.
2. Shall I advise?
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔHê?
3. I will not (won’t y√+{Ÿ) advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝ÒqT.
4. Won’t I advise?
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«Hê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-10
1. I have (I’ve) walked.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.
2. Have I walked?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê?
3. I have not (haven’t`ùV≤e+{Ÿ) walked. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
4. Haven’t I walked?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-11
(>∑‘·+˝À ¬s+&ÉT |üqT\T »]–q|ü&ÉT yÓTT<ä≥>± »]–q |üìì bÕdtº |òüsYô|òø˘º
f…H釽ÀqT Ä ‘·s¡Tyê‘· »]–q |üìì dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ bÕdtº f…H釽ÀqT #Ó|üŒe˝…qT)
1. I had jogged in the morning before he came my home.
n‘·qT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT C≤–+>¥ #˚XÊqT.
2. Had I jogged in the morning before he came my home?
n‘·qT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT C≤–+>¥ #˚XÊHê?
3. I hadn’t jogged in the morning before he came my home.
n‘·qT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ sêø£eTT+<˚ H˚qT C≤–+>¥ #˚j·T˝Ò<äT.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
28
4. Hadn’t I jogged in the morning before he came my home?
n‘·qT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT C≤–+>¥ #˚j·T˝Ò<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-12
1. I shall have advised tomorrow at this time.
πs|ü⁄ á bÕ{ÏøÏ H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+{≤qT.
2. Shall I have advised tomorrow at this time?
πs|ü⁄ á bÕ{ÏøÏ H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+{≤Hê?
3. I won’t have advised tomorrow at this time.
πs|ü⁄ á bÕ{ÏøÏ H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+&ÉqT.
4. Won’t I have advised tomorrow at this time?
πs|ü⁄ á bÕ{ÏøÏ H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+&ÉHê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-13
1. I have (I’ve) been walking.
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïqT.
2. Have I been walking?
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïHê?
3. I have not (haven’t) been walking.
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉefÒ¢<äT?
4. Haven’t I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉefÒ¢<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-14
1. I had been walking yesterday at this time.
H˚qT ìqï ábÕ{ÏøÏ >∑÷&Ü q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïqT.
2. Had I been walking yesterday at this time?
H˚qT ìqï ábÕ{ÏøÏ >∑÷&Ü q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïHê?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
29
3. I hadn’t been walking yesterday at this time.
H˚qT ìqï ábÕ{ÏøÏ >∑÷&Ü (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
4. Hadn’t I been walking yesterday at this time?
H˚qT ìqï ábÕ{ÏøÏ >∑÷&Ü q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-15
1. I shall have been walking tomorrow by this time.
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ ≈£L&Ü q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñ+{≤qT.
2. Shall I have been walking tomorrow by this time?
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ ≈£L&Ü q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñ+{≤Hê?
3. I won’t have been walking tomorrow by this time.
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.
4. Won’t I have been walking tomorrow by this time?
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñ+&ÉHê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-16
PASSIVE VOICE ø£s¡àDÏ Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT
1. I am (I’m) advised.
Hê≈£î á s√E dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
2. Am I advised today.
Hê≈£î á s√E dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
3. I am not (I’m not) today advised. Hê≈£î ás√E dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<Tä .
4. Aren’t I advised today? Hê≈£î ás√E dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-17
1. I was advised yesterday. Hê≈£î ìqï dü\Vü‰
2. Was I advised yesterday? Hê≈£î ìqï dü\Vü‰
3. I was not (wasn’t) advised yesterday.
Ç#êÃs¡T.
Ç#êÃsê?
Hê≈£î ìqï dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
30
4. Wasn’t I advised yesterday? Hê≈£î ìqï dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ.
LEVEL-18
1. I shall be advised.
πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T.
2. Shall I be advised tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê?
3. I won’t be advised tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T.
4. Won’t I be advised tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-19
1. I am being advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
2. Am I being advised?
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïsê?
3. I am not being advised today. á s√E Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«fÒ¢<äT.
4. Aren’t I being addvised today? á s√E Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«fÒ¢<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-20
1. I was being advised yesterday. ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç].
2. Was I being advised yesterday? ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê?
3. I was not (wasn’t) being advised yesterday.
ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
4. Wasn’t I being advised yesterday?ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<
Ò ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-21
1. I have been advised.
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
2. Have I been advised.
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
3. I have not (haven’t) been advised. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<Tä .
4. Haven’t I been advised? Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
31
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-22
1. I had been advised yesterday before my friend came.
Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
2. Had I been advised yesterday before Ramesh came.
ìqï s¡y˚Twt e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
3. I had not (hadn’t) been advised yesterday before she came.
ìqï ÄyÓT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT.
4. Hadn’t I been advised yesterday before Venkatesh came?
ìqï yÓ+ø£fÒwt e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.
LEVEL-23
1. I shall have been advised tomorrow.
πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T.
2. Shall I have been advised tomorrow?
πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê?
3. I won’t have been advised tomorrow?
πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T.
4. Won’t I have been advised tomorrow?
πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê?
Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
32
Sentences for practice
PRESENT TENSE
(Active Voice & Passive Voice)
1. I walk.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
2. Do I walk?
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
3. I don’t walk.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeqT.
4. Don’t I walk?
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeHê?
5. He walks.
n‘·qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT.
6. Does he walk?
n‘·qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü?
7. He doesn’t walk.
n‘·qT (s√p) q&Ée&ÉT.
8. Doesn’t he walk?
n‘·qT (s√p) q&Ée&Ü?
9. I am walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñHêïqT.
10. Am I walking?
H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê?
11. I’m not walking.
H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT.
12. Aren’t I walking?
H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë?
13. I have (I’ve) walked.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.
14. Have I walked?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê?
15. I haven’t walked.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê?
16. Haven’t I walked?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
17. He has walked.
n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&ÉT.
18. Has he walked?
n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&Ü?
19. He hasn’t walked.
n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
20. Hasn’t he walked?
n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
21. I have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚e⁄HêïqT.
22. Have I been walking?H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdü÷H
Ô ˚ e⁄HêïHê?
23. I haven’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+˝Ò<äT.
24. Haven’t I been walking?H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë?
25. He has been walking. n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
33
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Has he been walking? n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü?
He hasn’t been walking.n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+˝Ò<äT.
Hasn’t he been walking. n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+˝Ò<ë?
I am advised.
Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
Am I advised?
Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
I’m not advised
Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT.
Aren’t I advised?
Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
I am being advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
Am I being advised?
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïsê?
I am not being advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
Aren’t I being advised?
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
I have been advised?
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
Have I been advised?
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
I haven’t been advised.
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT.
Haven’t I been advised?
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
PAST TENSE`uÛÑ÷‘·ø±\eTT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
I walked.
Did I walk?
I didn’t walk.
Didn’t I walk?
He walked.
Did he walk?
He didn’t walk.
Didn’t he walk?
I was walking.
Was I walking?
I wasn’t walking.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
H˚qT q&ç#êqT.
H˚qT q&ç#êHê?
H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
n‘·qT q&ç#ê&ÉT.
n‘·qT q&ç#ê&Ü?
n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{ÏHê?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
34
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Wasn’t I walking?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
I had walked before he came.n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT q&ç#êqT.
Had I walked before he came? n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT q&ç#êHê?
I hadn’t walked before he came. n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<Tä .
Hadn’t I walked before he came?n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
I had been walking.
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì.
Had I been walking?
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{ÏHê?
I hadn’t been walking.
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
Hadn’t I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô) ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
I was advised.
Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
Was I advised.
Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
I wasn’t advised.
Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT.
Wasn’t I advised?
Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
I was being advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç].
Was I being advised?
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê?
I wasn’t being advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
Wasn’t I being advised?
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
I had been advised.
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
Had I been advised?
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
I hadn’t been advised.
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT.
Hadn’t I been advised?
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?
FUTURE TENSE
I shall walk.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
Shall I walk?
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
I won’t walk.
H˚qT q&ÉeqT.
Won’t I walk?
H˚qT q&ÉeHê?
I will be walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.
6. Will I be walking?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê?
35
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.
Won’t I be walking?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?
I shall have walked.
H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&É∫ñ+{≤qT.
Shall I have walked?
H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&É∫ ñ+{≤Hê?
I won’t have walked.
H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ñ+&ÉqT.
Won’t I have walked?
H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ ñ+&ÉHê?
I will have been walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.
Will I have been walking?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê?
I won’t have been walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.
Won’t I have been walking?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?
I shall be advised.
Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T.
Shall I be advised?
Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê?
I won’t be advised?
Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T.
Won’t I be advised?
Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê?
I won’t be walking.
21. I shall have been advised.Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{Ïø)Ï dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+{≤s¡T.
22. Shall I have been advised?Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{Ïø)Ï dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+{≤sê?
23. I won’t have been advised.Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{Ïø)Ï dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+&ÉsT¡ .
24. Won’t I have been advised?Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ) dü˝≤ Ç∫à ñ+&És¡T.
á $<Û+ä >± we, you, they, boys, he she, it, Rama, Sita nqT |ü<ë\‘√
yêø£´eTT\T ì]à+#ê* Á|ü‹ s√E.
(yÓTT‘·Ô+ yêø±´\T 40G32G24R96). 10I96R960 yêø±´\T s√p #ÓbÕŒ*.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
36
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
37
(It’s Ç{Ÿ‡)
It is
(She’s w”CŸ)
She is
(He’s V”≤CŸ )
He is
(They’re <˚sY)
They are
(You’re jÓ÷sY)
You are
(We’re $j·TsY)
We are
(I’m ◊yéT)
I am
Yes
I aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ)
No
(H˚qT ñHêïqT)
It isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)
She isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)
He isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)
They aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ)
You aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ)
We aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ)
I ‘m not (◊yéT Hê{Ÿ)
Present - Á|üdüTÔ‘·+
It will be
She will be
He will be
They will be
You will be
We will be
I will (I’ll)be
Yes
Future - uÛÑ$wü´‘Y˝À
It won’t be
She won’t be
He won’t be
They won’t be
You won’t be
We won’t be
I won’t be
No
It was
She was
He was
They were
You were
We were
I was
Yes
It wasn’t
She wasn’t
He wasn’t
They weren’t
You weren’t
We weren’t
I wasn’t
No
(H˚qT ñ+{≤qT) Past - >∑‘·+˝À H˚qT ñ+{Ïì)
Be Table
$X‚wüDeTT\‘√ yêø£´eTT\T
He is brave/courageous.
She is beautiful.
It is big.
He is benefited.
It is cheap.
It is costly.
He is clever.
It is cold.
It is curved.
She is careful.
He is cheerful.
It is changeable.
It’s clear.
It is difficult.
He is dangerous.
It is dirty.
It is easy.
It is eatable.
He is foolish.
It is fine.
You are faithful.
He is famous.
It’s far.
n‘·qT <ÛÓ’s¡´eTT>∑\yê&ÉT.
ÄyÓT n+<äyÓTÆq~.
n~ ô|<ä›~.
n‘·qT ˝≤uÛÑeTT bı+<ë&ÉT.
n~ #ͬø’q~.
n~ KØ<Ó’q~.
n‘·qT ‘Ó*yÓ’qyê&ÉT.
n~ #·\¢HÓ’q~.
n~ e+ø£s¡>± qTqï~.
ÄyÓT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± ñqï~.
n‘·qT ñ˝≤¢dü+>± ñHêï&ÉT.
n~ e÷s¡TŒ #Ó+<ä>∑\<äT.
n~ düŒwüºeTT>± ñqï~.
n~ ø£]ƒqyÓTÆq~.
n‘·qT nbÕj·Tø£s¡yÓTÆqyê&ÉT.
n~ eTT]øÏ>± ñqï~.
n~ düT\TyÓ’q~
n~ ‹q<ä–q~.
n‘·&ÉT ‘Ó*$‘·≈£îÿeyê&ÉT.
n~ u≤>∑Tqï~.
˙e⁄ $XÊ«düeTT >∑\yê&ç$.
n‘·qT ù|s¡T Á|üU≤´‘·T\T >∑\yê&ÉT.
n~ <ä÷s¡eTT>±qTqï~.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
38
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
It’s good.
It’s great.
He is gifted.
It is heavy.
It’s hot.
It’s hard.
She is happy.
He is junior.
He is luckless.
He is lucky.
It’s long.
It’s little.
It’s light.
It’s lower.
It’s lengthy.
It’s loaded.
It’s large.
You are late.
It’s much.
It’s new.
It’s noble.
It’s near.
It’s old.
It’s pale.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
n~ eT+∫~.
n~ >=|üŒ~.
n‘·qT Á|ü»„ >∑\yê&ÉT.
n~ ãs¡Te⁄>± ñqï~.
n~ y˚&ç>± ñqï~.
n~ ø£wüºeTT>± ñqï~.
ÄyÓT dü+‘√wü+>± ñqï~.
n‘·qT ∫qïyê&ÉT.
n‘·qT n<äèwüº+˝Òì yê&ÉT.
n‘·qT n<äèwüºeTT>∑\yê&ÉT.
n~ bı&ÉyÓ’q~.
n~ ‘·≈£îÿe.
n~ ‘˚*¬ø’q~.
n~ ÁøÏ+<ä ñqï~.
n~ bı&ÉyÓ’q~.
n~ ãs¡Te⁄ y˚j·Tã&çq~.
n~ ô|<ä›~.
MTs¡T Ä\dü´eTT #˚XÊs¡T.
n~ m≈£îÿe.
n~ Áø=‘·Ô~.
n~ ñqï‘·yÓTÆq~.
n~ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñqï~.
n~ bÕ‘·~.
n~ bÕ*b˛sTTq~.
39
48. It’s proper.
49 It’s round.
50. It’s strong.
51. It’s small.
52. He is sad.
53. He is bad.
54. It’s straight.
55. It’s superior.
56. He is senior.
57. He is talkative.
58. It’s thick.
59. It’s thin.
60. It’s tall.
61. He is timid.
62. It’s ugly.
63. He is virtuous.
64. He is vicious.
65. He is very proud.
66. Time is valuable.
67. It’s wide.
68. You are weak.
69. He is quick.
70. It’s worthy.
71. It’s well.
n~
72. He is young.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
n~ dü¬s’q~.
n~ >∑T+Á&ÉeTT>± ñqï~.
n~ ã\yÓTÆq~.
n~ ∫qï~.
n‘·qT $#ês¡eTT>± ñHêï&ÉT.
n‘·qT #Ó&ɶyê&ÉT.
n~ ‹qï>± qTqï~.
n~ ÁX‚wüºyÓTÆq~.
n‘·qT ô|<ä›yê&ÉT.
n‘·qT e÷{≤¢&ÉT dü«uÛ≤e+ >∑\yê&ÉT.
n~ eT+<äeTT>± ñqï~.
n~ |ü\T#·>± ñqï~.
n~ bı&ÉyÓ’q~.
n‘·qT |æ]øÏyê&ÉT.
n~ $ø±s¡yÓTÆq~.
n‘·qT ˙‹>∑\yê&ÉT.
n‘·qT #Ó&ÉTãT~∆ >∑\yê&ÉT.
n‘·qT n‹ >∑s¡«eTT >∑\yê&ÉT.
düeTj·TeTT $\TyÓ’q~.
n~ yÓ&É\TŒ>± ñqï~.
˙e⁄ ã\V”≤qeTT>± ñHêïe⁄.
n‘·qT ‘=+<äs¡>± ñHêï&ÉT.
n~ jÓ÷>∑´‘· >∑\~.
u≤>∑T>± ñqï~/n~ eT+∫>± e⁄qï~.
n‘·qT ∫qïyê&ÉT.
40
PASSIVE VOICE SENTENCES:
Verbs & Passive Voice ≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê\+fÒ nìï verbs Passive
Voice yêø±´\≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷>∑|ü&Ée⁄. ø=ìï e÷Á‘·y˚T |üìøÏekÕÔsTT. #ê˝≤
dü+<äsꓤ\˝À ªqqTïµ ˝Ò<ë ªHê≈£îµ nì eTq+ #Ó|üŒuÀj˚T verb≈£î CÀ&çùdÔ, e#˚Ã
yêø£´eTT yê´ø£s¡Dã<ä∆+>± ñ+fÒ n≥Te+{Ïyê{Ïì e÷Á‘·y˚T Passive Voice
yêø£´ ìsêàDeTTq≈£î yê&Ü*.
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D≈£î: I cook H˚qT (s√p) e+&ÉT‘êqT nì ns¡úeTT. á yêø£´eTTH˚
Passive voice yêø£´eTT>± e÷sêÃ\qT≈£î+fÒ I am cooked nì e÷s¡Ãe\dæ
e⁄+≥T+~. ø±˙ á yêø£´eTT dü]>± ˝Ò<äT. Ç≥Te+{Ï ÁøÏj·T\qT Passive
voice ≈£î yê&Ésê<äT
I advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔqT nì #Ó|æŒq|ü&ÉT I am advised Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰
Ç#êÃs¡T. advised nH˚ |ü<äeTTqT passive voice >± ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#·TÃqT.
ø±ã{Ϻ qqTï Hê≈£î nì verbs ñ|üjÓ÷–+∫ eTq+ eTT+<äT>± ø=ìï+{Ïì
H˚s¡TÃø=ì ñ+&Ü*.
n$:
1. Advise
` dü\Vü‰ì#·TÃ
2. Beat
` ø=≥Tº
3. Call
` |æ\T#·T
4. Doubt
` dü+<˚Væ≤+#·T
5. Encourage
` Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#·T
6. Give
` Ç#·TÃ
7. Great
` n_Ûq+~+#·T
8. Invite
` ÄVü‰«ì+#·T
9. Imitate
` nqTø£]+#·T
10. Intimate
` ‘Ó*j·TCÒj·TT
11. Kick
` ‘·qTï
12. Kill
` #·+|ü⁄
13. Like
` Çwüº|ü&ÉT
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
41
Áù|$T+#·T
ô|[fl#˚düTø=qT
yê>±∆qeTT#˚j·TT
#Ó*¢+#·T
¬>+≥T
>ös¡$+#·T
rdüTø=qT
#Ó|ü
uÀ~Û+#·T
#Ó|ü
•ø£åD Ç#·TÃ
ôV≤#·Ã]+#·T
á ÁøÏj·T\ jÓTTø£ÿ 3e (V3) s¡÷|üeTTq+<äTqï Past Past Participle
edüTÔ+~.
Helping Verbs düVü‰j·Tø£ ÁøÏj·T\T : They help the main verb, so
they are called helping verbs. M{ÏøÏ eT]ø=ìï ù|s¡T¢ ñqï$. n$
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Love
Marry
Promised
Pay
Push
Respect
Take
Say
Teach
Tell
train
Warn
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
Auxiliary verbs, peculiars, special verbs, weak verbs,
Anomalous verbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Be forms: Is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being.
Do forms: do, does, did
Have forms: have, has had
Models: will, would, shall, should, can, could, may,
might, must, need, dare, ought to, used to nì á $<Ûä+>±
heping verbs 4 s¡ø±\T>± ñqï$.
Main verbs ì chief verbs. Principle verbs, strong verbs,
ordinary verbs nì n+{≤s¡T
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
42
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
43
Yoou don’t have
You have (You’ve)
Boys will have
Boys don’t have
He doesn’t have
She doesn’t have
It doesn’t have
Rama doesn’t have
Sita doesn’t have
Boys have
He has (He’s V”≤dt)
She has (She’s w”CŸ)
It has (It’s Ç{Ÿ‡)
Rama has
Sita has
Sita will have
Rama will have
(It’ll ◊{Ï˝Ÿ)
It will have
(She’ll w”˝Ÿ)
She will have
(He’ll V”≤˝Ÿ)
He will have
(They’ll <˚˝Ÿ)
They will have
(you’ll j·÷˝Ÿ)
You will have
We will (W’ll M˝Ÿ)
I will have (i’ll ◊˝Ÿ)
Yes
Sita won’t have
Rama won’t have
It won’t have
She won’t have
He won’t have
Boys won’t have
They won’t have
You won’t have
We won’t have
I won’t have
No
Future uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À (ø£*– ñ+{≤qT)
(They’ve <˚yé)
They have
They don’t have
We don’t have
We have (we’ve Myé)
(j·T÷yé)
I don’t have
No
I have (I’ve ◊yé)
Yes
Present Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ (ø£*– ñHêïqT)
Have Table
You didn’t have
We didn’t have
I didn’t have
No
Sita had
Rama had
It had (It’d ◊{Ï&é)
She had (She’d w”&é)
He had (He’d V”≤&é)
Boys had
Sita didn’t have
Rama didn’t have
It didn’t have
She didn’t have
He didn’t have
Boys didn’t have
They had (They’d <˚&é) They didn’t have
You had (you’d j·T÷&é)
We had (we’d M&é)
I had (I’d ◊&é)
Yes
Past >∑‘·+˝À (ø£*– ñ+{Ïì)
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
44
Simple Present
Present Cont.
Present Perfect
Simple past
Past Cont.
Past Perfect
Simple Future
Future Perfect
Can/May
Imperative
Wh, Q’s
Yes/No Q’s
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
Tense
01.
S.No
Sita
They
Anil
We
She
many students
Keats
They
Kiran
Some girls
Raman
They
She
We
She
They
we
They
Do it
Please
Who
Where
Do
Have you
Plural
*
*
*
*
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Sub
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
No.
Verb
Sings
Sell
is driving
are staging
has known
have helped
wrote
built
was drawing
Were practising
had won
had defeated
will note
will(shall) arrange
will have
completed
will have fulfilled
can do
may win
immediately.
remove
wrote
did you keep
you know
returned
ACTIVE VOICE
the Shoes.
this poem?
my glasses?
her?
the books?
a song.
Radios.
a car.
plays.
the fact.
them.
this poem.
many houses.
a new Picture.
dance.
The title.
the English.
the points.
a seminar.
her project
report.
the conditions.
it.
the Match.
Object
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
45
Be Form
is
Sold
is being
are being
has been
have been
Was
Were
Was being
Practised
had been
had been
Will be
will be
Will have been
will have been
Can be
may be
be
requested
was
Were my
to you?
the books
Sub Agent
A song
Radios are
A car
Plays
The fact
They
The Poem
Many houses
A New picture
DanceWas being
The title
The english
The Points
A Seminar
Her Project report
The Conditions
It
The match
Let it
You are
By whom
Where
Is she Known
Have
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
immediately.
the shoes.
written?
(by you)?
(by you)?
been returned
by
them
by
by
to
by
by
by
by
Preposition
Sung
by
driven
Staged
known
helped
Written
built
drawn
won
defeated
noted
arranged
Complted
fulfilled
done
Won
done
to remove
this Poem
glasses kept
Verb (PP)
PASSIVE VOICE
Anil
us.
her.
many students.
Keats.
them.
Kiran.
Ramana.
them.
her.
us.
her.
them.
us.
them.
Sita
Obj Agent
e´‹πsø±s¡úø£ yêø±´\T
H˚qT qe«˝Ò<äT.
H˚qT q$«‹Hê?
H˚qT q$«‹ì.
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+&ÉqT.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) qe«˝Ò<äT.
H˚qT(n|ü&˚) qe«˝Ò<äT.
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+{≤Hê?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) qyê«Hê?
H˚qT (n|ü&˚) q$«‹Hê?
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+{≤qT.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) qyê«qT.
H˚qT (n|ü&˚) q$«‹ì.
Shall I have laughed?
Had I laughed?
Have I laughed?
Will I be laughing?
I won’t have laughed.
I hadn’t laughed.
I haven’t laughed.
I won’t be laughing.
Won’t I have laughed?
H˚qT (n|ü&˚) qe«˝Ò<ë?
Hadn’t I laughed?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) qe«˝Ò<ë?
Haven’t I laughed?
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+&ÉHê?
Won’t I be laughing?
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
Wasn’t I laughing?
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ˝ÒHê?
Aren’t I laughing?
H˚qT qe«Hê?
Won’t I laugh?
H˚qT qe«˝Ò<ë?
Didn’t I laugh?
H˚qT qe«Hê?
Don’t I laugh?
e´‹πsø£ Á|üXÊïs¡úø£ yêø±´\T
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES
H˚qT (n|ü&ÉT) q$« ñ+{≤qT H˚qT (n|ü&ÉT)q$« ñ+{≤Hê? H˚qT (n|ü&ÉT) q$« ñ+{≤qT. H˚qT (n|ü&ÉT) q$« ñ+{≤Hê?
Have I been laughing?
I have been laughing.
I have’t been laughing. Haven’t I been laughing?
H˚qT #ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>± qe⁄«‘·÷ H˚qT #ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>± qe⁄«‘·÷ H˚qT #ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>± qe⁄«≥ H˚qT #ê˝≤ ùd|ü{Ï>± qe⁄«≥
˝Ò<ë?
ñHêïHê?
˝Ò<Tä .
ñHêïqT.
Hadn’t I been laughing?
I
hadn’t
been
laughing.
Had
I
been
laughing?
I had been laughing.
H˚qT #ê˝≤ ùd|ü{Ï>± qe⁄«‘·÷
H˚
q
T
#ê˝≤ù
d
|ü
{
Ï
>
±
qe⁄«‘·
÷
H˚qT #ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>± qe⁄«‘·÷ H˚qT #ê˝≤ ùd|ü{Ï>± qe⁄«‘·÷
ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
ñ+&É
˝
Ò
<
ä
T
.
ñ+{ÏHê?
ñ+{Ïì.
I will have laughed.
I had laughed.
I have laughed.
I will be laughing.
I wasn’t laughing.
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+{ÏHê?
Was I laughing?
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+{Ïì.
I was laughing.
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ˝ÒqT.
I’m not laughing.
H˚qT qe«qT.
I won’t laugh.
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñHêïHê?
Am I laughing?
H˚qT qe⁄«‘êHê?
Shall I laugh?
H˚qT qe⁄«‘·÷ ñHêïqT.
I am laughing.
H˚qT qe⁄«‘êqT.
I shall laugh.
I didn’t laugh.
H˚qT qe«qT.
Did I laugh?
H˚qT qe⁄«‘êHê?
I laughed.
H˚qT qe⁄«‘êqT.
I don’t laugh.
Á|üXÊïs¡úø£ yêø±´\T
Do I laugh?
kÕ<Ûës¡D yêø±´\T
I laugh.
NEGATIVE
SENTENCES
INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE
SENTENCES
ACTIVE VOICE
` ø£s¡Ô] Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT
46
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
47
Have I been told?
Hê≈£î #Ó|ü#·÷ ñ+{Ïsê?
Was I being told?
Hê≈£î #ÓãT‘·÷ ñHêïsê?
Am I being told?
Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) #ÓãT‘êsê?
Had I been told?
Hê≈£î (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) #Óù|Œdæ
ñ+{≤s¡T.
Hê≈£î (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) #Óù|Œdæ
ñ+{≤sê?
I shall have been told. Shall I have been told?
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) #ÓbÕŒs¡T. Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) #ÓbÕŒsê?
had been told.
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚ ) #ÓbÕŒs¡T Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) #ÓbÕŒsê?
I have been told.
Hê≈£î #Ó|ü#·÷ ñ+{Ï].
I was being told.
Hê≈£î#ÓãT‘·÷ ñHêïs¡T.
I am being told.
Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) #ÓãT‘ês¡T.
Shall I be told?
Hê≈£î (ìqï) #ÓbÕŒsê?
Hê≈£î (ìqï) #ÓbÕŒs¡T.
I shall be told.
Was I told?
I was told.
Hê≈£î (ás√E) #ÓbÕŒs¡T Hê≈£î (ás√E) #ÓbÕŒsê?
Am I told?
Á|üXÊïs¡úø£ yêø±´\T
kÕ<Ûës¡D yêø±´\T
I am told.
INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE
SENTENCES
Hê≈£î á s√E #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<ë?
Was not I told?
Hê≈£î (ìqï) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<ë.
Shall I not be told?
Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) #Ó|üŒsê?
Am I not being told?
Hê≈£î #ÓãT‘·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
Was I not being told?
Hê≈£î #Ó|ü#·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
Haven’t I been told?
Hê≈£î(Ç|ü&˚) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<ë?
Hadn’t I been told?
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<ë?
Hê≈£î (á s√E) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<äT.
I was not told.
Hê≈£î (ìqï) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<äT.
I shall not be told.
Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) #Ó|üŒs¡T.
I am not being told.
Hê≈£î #ÓãT‘·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<äT
I was not being told.
Hê≈£î #Ó|ü#·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<äT
I have not been told.
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<äT.
I had not been told.
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<äT
Hê≈£î (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) #Óù|Œdæ
ñ+&És¡T.
Hê≈£î (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) #Óù|Œdæ
ñ+&És¡T.
I shall not have been told. Shall I not have been told?
Am I not told?
e´‹πsø£ Á|üXÊïs¡úø£ yêø±´\T
e´‹πsø±s¡úø£ yêø±´\T
I am not told.
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES
` ø£s¡àDÏ Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT
NEGATIVE
SENTENCES
PASSIVE VOICE
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
1. I added.
2. I advised.
3. I agreed.
4. I accepted.
5. I absented.
6. I attended.
7. I bathed.
8. I buried.
9. I brought.
10. I beat.
11. We bit.
12. We believed.
13. We came.
14. We called.
15. We crushed.
16. We cursred.
17. We congratulated.
18. We drank.
19. We dug.
20. We did.
21. You dreamt.
22. You doubted.
23. You ate.
24. You encouraged.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
kÕe÷q´ uÛÑ÷‘·ø±\eTT
H˚qT ø£*bÕqT.
H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃqT.
H˚qT n+^ø£]+#êqT.
H˚qT düeTà‹+#êqT.
H˚qT Vü‰»s¡Tø±˝Ò<äT.
H˚qT Vü‰»s¡j·÷´qT.
H˚qT kÕïqeTT #˚XÊqT.
H˚qT bÕ‹ô|{≤ºqT.
H˚qT rdüTø=#êÃqT.
H˚qT ø={≤ºqT.
y˚TeTT ø=]ø±eTT.
y˚TeTT qe÷àeTT.
y˚TeTT e#êÃeTT.
y˚TeTT |æ*#êeTT.
y˚TeTT q\>∑>={≤ºeTT.
y˚TeTT X¯|æ+#êeTT.
y˚TeTT n_Ûq+~+#êeTT.
y˚TeTT Á‘ê>±eTT.
y˚TeTT Á‘·yê«eTT.
y˚TeTT #˚XÊeTT.
MTs¡T ø£\>∑Hêïs¡T.
MTs¡T dü+<˚Væ≤+#ês¡T.
MTs¡T ‹Hêïs¡T.
MTs¡T Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#ês¡T.
48
25.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
You fought (bòÕ{Ÿ).
You filled.
You forgot.
You feared.
You went.
They enjoyed.
They gave.
They guessed.
They gained.
They greeted.
They hanged.
They held.
They invited.
They irritated.
They imitated.
Boys intimated.
Boys jumped.
Boys knew.
Boys kicked.
Boys killed.
Boys looked.
Boys left.
Boys led.
Boys liked.
Boys laughed.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
MTs¡T bı{≤¢&Üs¡T.
MTs¡T ì+bÕs¡T.
MTs¡T eT]∫b˛j·÷s¡T.
MTs¡T uÛÑj·T|ü&ܶs¡T.
MTs¡T yÓfi≤fls¡T.
yês¡T Äq+~+#ês¡T.
yês¡T Ç#êÃs¡T.
yês¡T }Væ≤+#ês¡T.
yês¡T ˝≤uÛÑeTT bı+<ës¡T.
yês¡T n_Ûq+~+#ês¡T.
yês¡T Áy˚˝≤&ÉBXÊs¡T.
yês¡T |ü≥Tºø=Hêïs¡T.
yês¡T ÄVü‰«ì+#ês¡T.
yês¡T ø√|ü+ ‘Ó|æŒ+#ês¡T.
yês¡T nqTø£]+#ês¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T ‘Ó*bÕs¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T <ä÷ø±s¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T ‘Ó*bÕs¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T ‘·Hêïs¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T #·+bÕs¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T #·÷XÊs¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T e~*ô|{≤ºs¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T <ë]#·÷bÕs¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T Çwüº|ü&ܶs¡T.
u≤\Ts¡T qyê«s¡T.
49
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
He lived.
He loved.
He married.
He promised.
He paid.
He proved.
He pained.
He prepared.
He pushed.
He preserved.
She read (¬s&é)7.
She ran.
She respected.
She rent.
She sat.
She stood.
she spoke.
She slept.
She spent.
She sold.
It sang.
It shook.
It stole.
It sent.
It smelt.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
n‘·qT ìedæ+#ÓqT.
n‘·qT Áù|$T+#ÓqT.
n‘·qT ô|[fl#˚düTø=HÓqT.
n‘·qT yê>±›q+ #˚XÊ&ÉT.
n‘·qT #Ó*¢+#ê&ÉT.
n‘·qT ìs¡÷|æ+#ê&ÉT.
n‘·qT u≤<Ûä|ü&ܶ&ÉT.
n‘·qT ‘·j·÷s¡T#˚ôdqT.
n‘·qT ¬>+{≤&ÉT.
n‘·qT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô #˚ôdqT.
ÄyÓT #·~yÓqT.
ÄyÓT |üs¡T¬>‘ÓÔqT.
ÄyÓT >ös¡$+#ÓqT.
ÄyÓT N*Ã+~.
ÄyÓT ≈£Ls¡TÃ+~.
ÄyÓT ì\ã&ç+~.
ÄyÓT e÷{≤¢&ç+~.
ÄyÓT ìÁ<äb˛sTT+~.
ÄyÓT Ks¡TÃ #˚dæ+~.
ÄyÓT n$Tà+~.
n~ bÕ&ç+~.
n~ ø£~|æ+~.
n~ <=+–*+∫+~.
n~ |ü+|æ+~.
n~ yêdüq#·÷|æ+~.
50
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
It swept.
It said.
It sought.
It swore.
It swam.
Rama studied.
Rama showed.
Rama started.
Ravi starved.
Rama took.
Rama threw.
Rama taught.
Rama thought.
Rama told.
Rama trained.
Sita tried.
Sita understood.
Sita wrote.
Sita walked.
Sita washed.
Sita won.
Sita wore.
Sita wanted.
Sita warned.
Sita worried.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
n~ ‘·T&ç∫+~.
n~ #Ó|æŒ+~.
n~ yÓ~øÏ+~.
n~ Á|üe÷D+ #˚dæ+~.
n~ á~+~.
sêeTT&ÉT #·~yê&ÉT.
sêeTT&ÉT #·÷ô|qT.
sêeTT&ÉT ãj·T\T<˚¬sqT.
s¡$ Äø£*‘√ ñ+&ÓqT.
sêeTT&ÉT rdüTø=HÓqT.
sêeTT&ÉT $dæ]y˚ôdqT.
sêeTT&ÉT uÀ~Û+#ÓqT.
sêeTT&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#ÓqT.
sêeTT&ÉT #Óô|ŒqT.
sêeTT&ÉT •ø£åDì#ÓÃqT.
d”‘· Á|üj·T‹ï+#ÓqT.
d”‘· ns¡úeTT #˚düTø=HÓqT.
d”‘· ÁyêôdqT.
d”‘· q&É#ÓqT.
d”‘· ø£&ç¬>qT.
d”‘· ¬>*#ÓqT.
d”‘· <Ûä]+#ÓqT.
d”‘· ø√s¡Tø=HÓqT.
d”‘· ôV≤#·Ã]+#ÓqT.
d”‘· ø£+>±s¡T|ü&ÓqT.
51
QUESTION TAGS
HELPING
VERBS
POSITIVE
Q.TAG
NEGATIVE
Q.TAG
Am
Am I ?
Is
Is she/he/it
Are
Are they /we / you ?
Aren’t - they /we / you ?
Do
Do you / I / they / we ?
Don’t you / I / they /we ?
Does
Does she/he /it ?
Was
was she / he /you / I ?
wasn’t - she / he /you / I ?
Were
were they / we / you ?
weren’t - you / they/you?
Have
Have you / I /we/ they?
Haven’t they /we / you ?
Has
has she /he/it ?
Has’t - she/he/it ?
Will
will she / he/it ?
Won’t she / he / it?
Would
would you / she / he /it ?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
Aren’t I ?
Isn’t She / He ?
Doesn’t /she/he/it?
wouldn’t you / she/he/it?
52
yÓTT<ä{Ï bÕsƒ¡eTT
yÓTT‘·Ô+ 20 yêø±´\T
Affirmative Sentences - kÕ<Ûës¡D yêø±´\T
1.
I walk.
2.
I walked.
3.
I will walk.
4.
I am (I’m) walking.
5.
I was walking.
6.
I will (I’ll) be walking.
7.
I have (I’ve) walked (V3).
8.
I had (I’d) walked (V3).
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT q&ç#êqT.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT (uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À).
H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.
H˚qT (n|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.
9.
I will (I’ll) have walked (V3).
H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ ñ+{≤qT.
10. I have been walking. H˚qT
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
(#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñHêïqT.
I had been walking.
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì.
I will have been walking.H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.
I am (I’m) advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T (ás√E).
I was advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T (ìqï).
I will be advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T (πs|ü⁄).
I am being advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
I was being advised.
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç].
I have been advised.
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü˝Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
I had been advised.
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.
20. I will have been advised. Hê≈£î (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+{≤s¡T.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
53
¬s+&Ée bÕsƒ¡eTT
yÓTT‘·Ô+ 20 yêø±´\T
Interrogative Sentences - Á|üX¯ïs¡÷|ü yêø±´\T
1.
Do I walk?
2.
Did I walk?
3.
Shall I walk?
4.
Am I walking?
5.
Was I walking?
6.
Will I be walking?
7.
Have I walked?
8.
Had I walked?
9.
Will I have walked?
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
H˚qT q&ç#êHê?
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?
H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{ÏHê?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê?
H˚qT (n|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê?
H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ ñ+{≤Hê?
10. Have I been walking? H˚qT(#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïHê?
11. Had I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñ+{ÏHê?
12. Will I have been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄)q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñ+{≤Hê?
13. Am I advised?
14. Was I advised?
15. Will I be advised?
16. Am I being advised?
17. Was I being advised?
18. Have I been advised?
19. Had I been advised?
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? (ás√E)
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? (ìqï)
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? (πs|ü⁄)
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïsê?
Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê?
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?
20. Will I have been advised? Hê≈£î(n|üŒ{ÏøÏ)dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+{≤sê?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
54
eT÷&Ée bÕsƒ¡eTT
yÓTT‘·Ô+ 20 yêø±´\T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeqT.
I didn’t walk.
H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
I won’t walk.
H˚qT q&ÉeqT.
I am not (I’m not) walking.
H˚qT q&ÉefÒ¢<äT.
I wasn’t walking.
sH˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
I won’t be walking.
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.
I haven’t walked.
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
I hadn’t walked.
H˚qT (n|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<äT.
I won’t have walked.
H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ñ+&ÉqT.
I haven’t been walking.
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd≥Tï+∫) q&ÉefÒ¢<äT.
I haven’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
I hadn’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.
I’m not said.
Hê≈£î #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<äT (á s√E)
I wasn’t said.
Hê≈£î #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<äT (ìqï)
I won’t be said.
Hê≈£î #Ó|üŒs¡T (πs|ü⁄)
I’m not being said.
Hê≈£î #Ó|ü#·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
I wasn’t being said.
Hê≈£î #Ó|ü#·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.
I haven’t been said.
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<äT.
I hadn’t been said.
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<äT.
I won’t have been said.
Hê≈£î (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) #Ó|æŒ ñ+&És¡T.
I don’t walk.
20.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
55
Hê\Ze bÕsƒ¡eTT
yÓTT‘·Ô+ 20 yêø±´\T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉeHê?
Didn’t I walk?
H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
Won’t I walk?
H˚qT q&ÉeHê?
Aren’t I waling?
H˚qT q&ÉefÒ¢<ë?
Wasn’t I walking?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
Won’t I be walking?
H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?
Haven’t I walked?
H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ÉeÉ˝Ò<ë?
Hadn’t I walked?
H˚qT (n|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<ë?
Won’t I have walked?
H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&É∫ ñ+&ÉHê?
Haven’t I been walked? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉefÒ¢<ë?
Hadn’t I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
Won’t I have been walking?H˚qT(#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄)q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?
Aren’t I said?
Hê≈£î #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<ë? (ás√E)
Wasn’t I said?
Hê≈£î #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<ë? (ìqï)
Won’t I be said?
Hê≈£î #Ó|üŒsê? (πs|ü⁄)
Aren’t I being said?
Hê≈£î #Ó|ü#·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
Wasn’t I being said?
Hê≈£î #Ó|ü#·÷ ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?
Haven’t I been said?
Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<ë?
Hadn’t I been said?
Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) #Ó|üŒ˝Ò<ë?
Won’t I have been said?
Hê≈£î (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) #Ó|æŒñ+&Ésê?
Don’t I walk?
20.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
56
1.
I can walk.
2.
I may walk.
3.
I must walk.
4.
I should walk.
5.
I shall walk.
6.
I will walk.
7.
I would walk.
8.
I walk.
9.
I have to walk.
10. I went to walk.
11. I need to walk.
12. I am going to walk.
13. I am about to walk.
14. I am able to walk.
15. I could walk.
16. I walked.
17. I did walk.
18. I even walk.
19. I often walk.
20. I walk often times.
21. I seldom walk.
22. I prefer to walk.
23. If I walk......
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
H˚qT q&Ée>∑\qT
H˚qT q&Éee#·TÃqT (ãVüQX¯)
H˚qT ‘·|üŒø£ q&Éyê*
H˚qT ‘·|üŒø£ q&Éyê*.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT q&Éyê*.
H˚qT q&Éyê\ì ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT.
H˚qT q&Éyê*‡q nedüs¡+ ñ~.
H˚qT q&ÉeuÀe⁄#·THêïqT.
H˚qT q&ÉeuÀe⁄#·THêïqT.
H˚qT q&Ée>∑\ düeTs¡ú‘· ø£*–e⁄HêïqT.
H˚qT q&Ée>∑*>±qT.
H˚qT q&ç#êqT.
H˚qT q&ç#êqT (>∑{Ϻ>± #Ó|üŒ&É+)
H˚qT m|ü&É÷ q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT ‘·s¡#·÷ q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT n|ü&É|ü&É÷ q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT n|ü&É|ü&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.
H˚qT q&Ée&ÜìøÏ ÁbÕ<Ûëq´$TkÕÔqT.
H˚qT q&çùdÔ......
57
Active Voice
I
I
I
I
I
}
}
}
}
was / wasn’t
am / aren’t
will be / won’t be
}
(Shortcuts)
walking.
}
had / hadn’t
have / haven’t
walked.
will have / won’t have
}
had been / hadn’t been
have been / haven’t been
walking
will have been / won’t have been
walked / didn’t walk
walk / don’t walk
will walk / won’t walk
}
}
Passive Voice
was / wasn’t
am / aren’t
will be / won’t be
}
}
scolded.
I
}
was / wasn’t
am / aren’t
I
}
had been / hadn’t been
have been / haven’t been
scolded.
will have been / won’t have been
being scolded.
}
Total 40 sentences (Active Voice + Passive Voice)
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
58
SYNONYMS
Able
Accept
Advise
Appea
Attend
Attack
Bear
Begin
Behave
Belong
Bless
Calm
Care
Carry
capture
Chief
Clean
Concern
Confer
Deny
Decay
Defend
Devote
Living
Lose
maintain
Menace
Misery
Naked
Novice
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Capable, clever
to take, to receive.
to inform, to give an opinion.
to come before,to .
ait upon, accompany, Present
assail, assault.
carry,support, produce.
commence, start.
conduct, treat.
Manner, Own, Possess
consecrate, makehappy.
quiet, Silent
anxiety, pains, heed, charge
convey, transport,
Chance, opportunity, risk, fortune.
Head or principal person.important
pure, neat, tidy
interest, affair.
admit,own, acknowledge
reject, disown
rot, decompose
protect, support, help Depend. live on, rely on.
set apart, worship
active, vigorous, livelihood.
waste, forfeit.
support, defend, continue.
threat, danger.
distress, misfortune.
unclothed, bare.
beginner, fresh,an inexperienced person.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
59
Obstinate
Offensive
Passage
Perfect
Pious
Praise
Promote
Quality
Rare
Ruin
Separate
Splendid
Struggle
Vast
Wreck
Dupe
Easy
Enough
Effort
End
Engage
Excite
Expose
Extent
Faint
Fair
Fatal
Favour
Finish
Fit
Forecast
Fortune
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
stubborn, disobedient,unyielding.
disgusting, annoying.
entrance, exit,journey.
Pure, complete.
religious, devout.
tribute, applause, benefit.
advance, raise.
attribute, kind
scarce, uncommon.
overthrow, downfall.
divide, disconnect.
magnificent, famous, brilliant.
labour, contest.
spacious, boundless space, sea.
destruction, ruins of a ship
deceive, cheat
comfortable, not difficult,moderate
sufficient, adequate.
endeavour, attempt,struggle.
limit, death.
order, hire, attract, occupy.
rouse up. stimulate.
disclose, ridicule.
size, reach, compass
swoon, spiritless.
beautiful, handsome, spotless, just.
destructive, ruinous, deadly.
esteem, kindness, goodwill.
complete, kill, polish.
adapt, adjust, benefit.
predict, foresight.
chance, fate, wealth.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
60
Gain
Gather
Gentry
Grandeur
Guilt
Handsome
Hatred
Haughty
Hide
Homage
Image
Imagination
Inferior
Justice
Knock
Lag
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
advantage. profit.
assempble. collect, pluck.
the upper class of society.
greatness, splendour.
sin, criminality.
pleasing, graceful, ample
foshtility, contempt.
arrogant, proud.
conceal. disguise, animal skin.
deference, reverence.
statute, bust.
idea, fancy, invention.
subordinate, secondary.
impartiality, judge.
blow, rap, stroke.
stay behind, last.
ANTONYMS
Ancient
Arrival
Allow
Audible
Attack
Bravery
Blunt
Bright
Certain
Rough
Short
Strange
Superior
Suspect
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Modern
Departure
Disallow
Inaudible
Defend
Cowardice
Sharp
Dull
uncertain
Smooth
Long
Familiar
Inferior
Trust
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
Swallow
Sympathy
Synonym
Thick
Tight
Top
Ugly
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Wide
Wrong
Care
x
x
x
Confess
Correct
x
x
Vomit
Apathy
Antonym
Thin
Loose
Bottom
Beautiful,
Pleasing
Narrow
Right
Neglect/Care
less
Deny
Incorrect
61
Deep
Decrease
Encourage
Fresh
False
Full
Gather
Guilty
Hope
High
Honest
heaven
Happiness
Hate
Import
Include
Junior
Just
Lose
Legal
Maximum
Merit
Miser
Meek
Natural
Perfect
Peace
Punish
Public
Accept
Acquit
Affirm
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Shallow
Increase
Discourage
Stale,
Truth, fact
Empty
Scatter
Innocent
Despair
Low
Dishonest
Hell
Misery
Love
Export
Exclude
Senior
Unjust
Gain
Illegal
Minimum
Demerit
Spendthrift
Proud
Artificial
Imperfect
War
Reward
Private
Reject
Convict
Deny
Agree
xDiffer/disagree
Ancestor
x Descendant
Attract
x Repel
Belief
x Doubt
Bold
x Timid
Carnal
x Spiritual
Cheap
x Costly
Cheerful
x Gloomy
Clean
x Dirty
Compulsory x Optional
Create
x Destroy
Dawn
x Dusk
Creditor
x Debtor
Admire
x Ridicule
Defence
x Offence
Democracy x Autocracy
Gaint
x Dwarf
Foreign
x Native
Exclude
x Include
Homogeneous x Hetero
geneous
Hurt
x Heal
Insert
x Extract
Knowledge x Ignorance
Lead
x Follow
Major
x Minor
Negative
x Positive
Orthodo
x Heterdox
Praise
x Detract
True
x False
Clear
x Vague
Subjective x Objective
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
62
Straight
Right
Gain
Famous
Expand
External
Imaginary
Kind
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Crooked
Wrong
Loss
Obscure
Contract
Internal
Real
Cruel
Many
Natural
Promote
Public
Wise
Victory
Smile
Advance
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Few
artificial
Demote
Private
Foolish
Defeat
Frown
Recede
SYNONYMS AND THEIR MEANINGS
Acquaintance
Familiarity
:
:
Intimacy
Anger
Indignation
Resentment
Wrath
:
:
:
:
:
Scoff
:
1. Slow
:
Dilatory
:
Tardy
:
2. Appear
Seem
Is from occassional intercourse.
From persons being frequently
together.
Result of close association
A feeling of keen displeasure.
Outburst of anger.
Anger roused by insult or injury.
Expression of a feeling caused by
provocation.
Implies the use of insolent
mockery.
Wider term denoting a want of rapid
motion of inertness of intellect.
Denotes a proneness to delay the
performance of what we know must
be done.
Denotes the habit of being
behind hand.
: Has a reference to a thing being
presented to our view.
: Appear to be.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
63
3. Trial
Attempt
4.
5.
6.
7.
: Testing one's powers
: Always directed to some definite
and specific object
Endeavour
: Continual attempt
Effort
: Straining to carry out an attempt
Exertion
: (Stronger word) put forth united
effort
Struggle
: To make great efforts
Mistake
: Taking of one thing for another.
Error
: Departure or deviation
from what which is right or
correct.
Blunder
: Make gross mistake.
Misfortune
: Simply luck ,
Mischances of Mishaps :Misfotunes of trivial
nature.
Disaster
: Sudden, unforessen very
sorrowful event.
Calamity
: Caused by natural causes
like fire, flood and so on.
Communicate
: Pass on information
Impart
: Giving to others a part of what
we had held as our own.
Reveal
: To make known something
hidden or concealed.
Unravel
: Make clear ( some mystery or
profound secret)
Think
: Using or exercising the mind
to form opinions
Meditate
: Think about the means
to achieve
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
64
Contemplate
Cogitate
Intend
Reflect
8. Courage
Bravery
Evident
Obvious
Manifest
16. Memory
Rememberance
Recollection
Reminiscence
17. Dirty
Nasty
Filthy and foul.
18. Labour
Toil
Drudgery
: When the means are at hand
and the decision is really made.
: Think deeply
: Decision to act when an
opportunity comes
: Think on. Go back in thought.
: Firmness of spirit to meet
danger without fear.
: Daring courage which has
the reward in view
: Seen forcibly and leaves
no doubt on the mind
: Must be seen by everyone
: Evident in a high degree
: Denotes the power by which one
produces parts of impressions.
: Exercise of the memory power.
: An effort to bring back
something to the memory
: Intermediate between
rememberance and recollection.
: Covered with dirt
: Denotes disgust
: Imply that a thing is filled or
covered with offensive matter.
: Strenuous exertion
: Severity of labour which is
painful
: Mean, degrading work, to
drag on
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
65
19. Silent
Taciturn
20. Skill
Dexterity
Adroitness
21. Enemity
Rancour
22. Consider
Ponder
Muse
23. Incongruous
Inconsistent
Incompatible
24. Gaze
Gape
Stare
See
25. Feeling
Emotion
Agitation
: Has reference to the act.
: Has reference to the habit
(Reserve)
: Ability to do something well
: Refers to habitual ease of
execution.
: Skill which implies a general
felicity of movement
: Is open
: Deep seated and malignant
: View or contemplate with a fixed
thought
: Contemplate with a view
to some practical result
: Simply think upon continuously
with no definite object
: When they are not suited to one
another
: When they are opposed to each
other
: When they cannot co-exist.
: Look fixedly
: Look fixedly with feelings of
ignorant wonder.
: Look with the fixedness of
insolence
: Use the power of sight , look
: May be of the body or the mind
: Of the mind
: Disturbance may be bodily
or mental
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
66
26. Confuse
Perplexed
Puzzle
Embarrass
27. Disposition
Inclination
Tendency
28. Irritate
Provoke
Exasperate
29. Jest
Joke
30. Sneer
Jeer
Mock
: Mix up in the mind.
: When feelings and judgement
are confused.
: When faculties are confused.
: Denotes some bar which
impedes the power of thought ,
speech or the mind.
: Governing purpose of the mind.
: Bent of mind.
: Strong determination or
proclivity towards some
particular mode of action
: Denotes an excitment of
quick and slightly angry feeling.
: Implies the awakening of some
open expression of decided
anger.
: Denotes a provoking of anger
in its unchecked exercise.
: In order to make others laugh.
: to please himself.
: Sneer implies to cast contempt
indirectly.
: (Stronger word than sneer)
denotes severe sarcastic
reflections.
: Make fun of in a Contemptuous
way.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
67
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES :
1.
Sir, please explain the lesson.
2.
Do or die.
3.
Get into the hell after your death.
4.
Go to your grandfather.
5.
Make money with nothing.
6.
Krishna, recite this poem for me.
7.
Venu! help me tomorrow.
8.
Lalitha! solve this problem.
9.
Friends, listen to me.
10. Rank well in the examinations.
Imperative Sentences Classified :
Commands
1.
i.
Get out.
ii.
Shut up
iii. Quit my room.
iv. Sit Down.
v.
Go straight.
2.
Orders :
i.
Go and get me water.
ii.
Shoot the enemy.
iii.
Bring my bycle at once.
iv. Stand in a line.
v.
Keep quiet.
Requests
3.
i.
Please sing a song.
ii.
Kindly allow her in.
iii. Please get seated.
iv. Please listen to me.
v.
Kindly shut the door.
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
68
4.
5.
Pleadings
i
Advise me Mr. Lawyer.
ii.
Help me get acquitted.
iii. Allow me to plead please.
iv. Render Service to the poor.
v.
Help the needy.
Suggestions
i
Read well.
ii.
Work hard.
iii. Marry only once.
iv. Be regular.
v.
Do not postpone your work.
A FEW SENTENCES
What
What do you say?
What language do you speak?
What is your bed room?
What is your dinner time?
What are you playing?
What are you doing?
What is the type of concert generally?
What do you buy?
What is the rent?
What games do you play?
What is the price of the pickle?
What will you eat?
What is your weekly entertainment?
What instrumental music?
What is its price?
What is your rate for the whole day?
What do you want?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
69
What did you say?
What was it all about?
What is sweeter than honey?
What are those marks on your coat?
What are you? - I am a doctor.
What is he? - He is an engineer.
What is this?
What other gamed do you play?
What's it that he?
What books have you read?
What is that?
What is he doing?
What is the time now?
Whate will all the neighbours say?
What is that book?
What did he say?
What is that on your coat?
What are you? What is he?
What book did you give me?
Which
Which is your favourite game?
Which book are you reading?
Which way shall we go?
Which is he? ( nominative)
Which do you prefer? ( Accusative)
Which is the house?
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
Which is the book you gave me?
Which do you prefer?
Which of the questions do you answer?
Which of the boys did this?
I read Ramayana, Which I like much?
n+<ä]ø° Ä+>∑¢+. . . Ä Ä ˝≤¢>± ‘˚*>±Z . . .
70
I read Sanskrit dramas, Which are good?
Veda is the earliest book, Which
contains all knowledge.
Who
This is my sister who is sick.
Who cleaned the house?
I meet Rama Who just returned
from Kurnool.
This is my friend , who comes
first in the class.
Who is he? ( = What is his name
and family?)
He is Mr. K.P. Roy.
Who conducts the concert?
Who are you?
Who am I?
Who is he?
Who is she?
Who are they?
Who are there?
Who gave you that knife?
Whose is this book?
Who is there?
Who is speaking?
Whom
Whom did you see?
Whom do you want?
To Whom were you speaking?
Of whom do you speak?
Whom do you believe?
Sita is my elder sister, whom I respect.
Srikrishna is a rich man whose
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Where
Where do you live? Where are they going?
Where are you going? Where are they playing?
Where is the post office? Where do you play foot ball?
Where is the key for this door? where did you buy this
table ?
Where are you staying?
Where is the laundry?
Where is the market?
Where is the vegetable market?
Where is the light?
Where is the mosquito net?
When
When are you leaving for Bombay?
When I shall return is uncertain.
When did you buy this book?
When do you take your lunch?
When did she return?
When will you ring?
When did you buy it?
When do you take your break fast?
When do you repair the tap?
Whose
Whose is that car?
Whose car is that?
The Mahabharata is an epic,
whose poetry is
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