NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
MAY 2021
GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II
MARKING GUIDELINES
Time: 1½ hours
100 marks
These marking guidelines are prepared for use by examiners and sub-examiners,
all of whom are required to attend a standardisation meeting to ensure that the
guidelines are consistently interpreted and applied in the marking of candidates'
scripts.
The IEB will not enter into any discussions or correspondence about any marking
guidelines. It is acknowledged that there may be different views about some
matters of emphasis or detail in the guidelines. It is also recognised that, without
the benefit of attendance at a standardisation meeting, there may be different
interpretations of the application of the marking guidelines.
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Page 2 of 21
Fact file – Bourke's Luck, Panorama Route
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Bourke's Luck Potholes, the Drie Rondawels (Three Rondavels) and the majestic Motlatse
River Canyon (previously known as Blyde River Canyon) are found along the Panorama Route.
The Motlatse (Blyde) River Canyon is arguably the largest "green canyon" in the world.
The Bourke's Luck Potholes are found at the confluence of the Treur and Motlatse (Blyde) rivers.
These rivers form part of the greater Olifants River Transnational Catchment Basin. They flow
through two countries on their way to the Indian Ocean.
The potholes, named after the gold digger Tom Bourke, are the result of millions of years of
swirling eddies of water that have grinded downward to carve out these holes.
Tourism plays a key role in the local economy. It protects and commercialises the province's key
natural resources.
[Source: Examiner]
QUESTION 1
1.1
ATLAS USE, MAP ORIENTATION AND TECHNIQUES,
MICROCLIMATE
Refer to the map page and answer the questions that follow. Indicate your answer
by ticking the correct option.
1.1.1
Bourke's Luck Potholes are found in the following province:
North West
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
X
Gauteng
1.1.2
The country south-south-east of Bourke's Luck Potholes is …
eSwatini
X
Mozambique
Botswana
Zimbabwe
1.1.3
Select the most appropriate conventional symbol for an international
boundary.
X
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1.1.4 The Kruger National Park forms most of the boundary between South Africa
and Mozambique.
True
X
False
1.1.5 The magnetic declination for 2021 is …
17° 47' W
17° 38' W
17° 57' W
X
18° 05' W
Calculations:
Calculations : 2020–2021: one-year change
9' change p.a. × 1 = 17°48' + 9' = 17° 57' W
1.1.6 The most likely true bearing in 2021 from Bourke's Luck Potholes at point A
(H3) to Fann's Falls at point B (K6) is … Select from options A to D by
ticking the correct box.
A
B
C
D
X
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1.1.7 The latitude of Fann's Falls at point B (K6) is …
24° 43' 45'' S
24° 43' 55'' S
X
24° 44' 05'' S
30° 44' 50'' S
1.1.8 The longitude of Fann's Falls at point B (K6) is …
30° 51' 18'' E
X
30° 51' 42'' E
24° 51' 18'' E
30° 52' 42'' E
1.1.9 The lookout tower at D (I6) is visible from the sawmill at C (J4).
True
X
False
1.2
Calculate the area of the forestry plantation in the triangular area marked
E (F/G 5/6).
Please note: Area of a triangle is ½ base × height
1 hectare = 10 000 m2.
1.2.1 ½ base of the triangle: __________________
825 m
m
1.2.2 Height of triangle: ______________________
m
2 000 m
1.2.3 Area of plantation: 165
_____________ hectares
Calculations:
Base of triangle (FG): 3.3 cm × 0.5 = 1.65 km = 1 650 m therefore ½ is 825 m
Height of triangle: 4 cm × 0.5 = 2 km = 2 000 m
Therefore: 825 × 2 000 = 1 650 000 m / 10 000 (per ha) = 165 ha
IF OTHER sides are used as a base …
Base of triangle: 4.5 cm × 0.5 = 2.25 km = 2250 m therefore ½ is 1 125 m
Height of triangle: 3.2 cm × 0.5 = 1.6 km = 1 600 m
Therefore: 1 125 × 1600 = 1 800 000 / 10 000 (per ha) = 180 ha
THEREFORE ACCEPT 155–190 ha (for variances in calculations of area)
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1.3
Page 5 of 21
The lookout tower for spotting fires in the Goedgeloof Forestry Plantation at
point D (I6) is in an ideal position.
Which options below support this statement? Choose the correct combination of
options in the table below.
A
B
C
It is one of the highest points on the map therefore giving a good view of the
plantation.
From this position the spotter can see the plantation to the north, south, east
and west.
The hiking trail is close by so the fire spotter can alert hikers of fire danger.
A ONLY
A and B
B and C
All of the above
1.4
X
Photograph 1 below was taken at 15:00 looking at the Treur River at its confluence
with the Motlatse (Blyde) River at the Bourke's Luck Potholes (H3). Figure 1 is a
'places view' from a smartphone photo gallery.
Photograph 1 – Treur River at its
confluence with the Motlatse (Blyde)
River
[Source: Examiner's photograph]
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Figure 1 – Places view
[Source: Adapted places view from a smartphone]
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1.4.1 (a)
Page 6 of 21
What is the likely position that Photograph 1 was taken from (as
shown by the options in Figure 1)?
A
B
X
C
D
(b)
Justify your answer with one piece of evidence from the topographic
map extract.
The bridge is visible on the topographic map extract on the
Treur River. No other bridge evident, therefore looking south.
1.4.2 Select the correct height of the bridge that is visible in Photograph 1 as
shown at point A (H3).
1 040 m
1 100 m
X
1 200 m
1 245 m
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1.5
Page 7 of 21
Study the aerial photograph below of point A (H3) and answer the questions that
follow.
Photograph 2 – Bourke's Luck Potholes
[Source: Adapted from
NGI aerial imagery]
(a) – Motlatse (Blyde)
(b) – Treur
1.5.1 Label the Treur and Motlatse (Blyde) rivers at (a) and (b) (under Photograph 2
above).
1.5.2 Using the line scale on Photograph 2, select the approximate distance
between the two bridges on the northern-most river.
20 m
40 m
X
60 m
80 m
1.5.3 Using directional arrows like this
, indicate the direction of flow of
these rivers (use the empty boxes at (c) and (d) on Photograph 2 for this).
1.5.4 Place a clear X on Photograph 2 at the confluence of the two rivers.
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1.6
Page 8 of 21
Photograph 3 was taken from the Drie Rondawels Lookout at point G (B2) on
Map 2.
Photograph 3 – View of the Drie Rondawels from the Lookout
[Source: Examiner's photograph]
1.6.1 Refer to topographic map extract Map 2 on the map page.
Calculate the gradient from the middle of the hiking trail bridge (height
660 m) at point F in A/B 3 to the top of the third rondavel (Drie Rondawels,
spot height 1465 in A4).
(a)
Difference in height: 805 m
(b)
Distance between the two points: 1600 m–1800 m
(c)
Gradient:
1: 1____
: 1.9 – 1 : 2.2
Calculations:
3.2 cm–3.6 cm = 1.6 km–1.8 km where leeway given 1 600 m–1 800 m
805 : 1600 = 1 : 1.9
805 : 1800 = 1 : 2.2
1 method mark can be awarded for correct method used with incorrect
distance.
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Page 9 of 21
1.6.2 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional sketch from the Drie Rondawels Lookout car
park (point G in B2) to spot height 1354 (A4).
Figure 2 – Cross-sectional sketch
1400
Spot
height
1354 m
(A4)
Car park at G (B2): 1348 m
Height (metres)
1300
1200
1100
A
B
1000
B
C
900
800
700
600
0
1
2
3
4
Distance (kilometres)
(a)
Features found on Map 2 have been marked on Figure 2 as A and B.
Identify them.
A (man-made feature): _____________________
hiking trail
B (fluvial feature): ___________________________
river
(b)
Write down the height of the car park at G (B2) in the space provided
on Figure 2.
1.6.3 Choose the THREE words that best describe the slope from the bottom of
the canyon to the top of the third rondavel (Drie Rondawels) in A4 (spot
height 1354 m). Circle them below.
concave
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convex
uniform
terraced
steep
gentle
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Page 10 of 21
1.6.4 Using Photograph 3 on page 8, produce a field sketch of this area. Use the
grid below to help you.
Your sketch must include explanations of where and how the phenomena in
(a) and (b) will occur on a cold winter's night.
(a)
The thermal belt AND the frost pocket.
Marks will be allocated as follows:
• Thermal belt position – 1 mark
• Explanation of thermal belt – 2 marks
• Frost pocket position – 1 mark
• Explanation of frost pocket formation – 1 mark
(b)
Katabatic winds/Mountain winds (show direction of the wind).
(c)
Label north on the field sketch.
Q1 subtotal
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QUESTION 2
2.1
Page 11 of 21
TECHNIQUES, THEMATIC MAPS, FLUVIAL PROCESSES, LOCAL
ECONOMY, SETTLEMENT
Study the thematic map of the Olifants River drainage basin below and answer the
questions that follow.
Figure 3 – Thematic map
[Source: Adapted by Examiner]
2.1.1 Refer to the thematic map (Figure 3) and topographic map extracts 1 and 2.
Which map has the larger scale?
Topographic map
2.1.2 Define the term transnational catchment area.
The is a catchment area that spans two or more countries (South
Africa and Mozambique in this case).
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2.2
Page 12 of 21
Using the thematic map and the topographic map extracts from the map page
complete the sentences below by circling the correct option.
2.2.1 The Motlatse (Blyde) River is found in South Africa / Mozambique /
eSwatini.
2.2.2 The Motlatse (Blyde) River generally flows in a(n) northerly / southerly /
easterly direction.
2.2.3 The continual upward tectonic movement that has helped create the
Motlatse (Blyde) River Canyon has given the river renewed energy – this is
known as abstraction / watershed / rejuvenation.
2.3
The non-perennial rivers (in F/G/H 4/5) that join the Motlatse (Blyde) River have a
parallel drainage pattern. Provide TWO pieces of topographic map evidence to
support this statement.
Contour lines are very close together indicating a steep slope.
Tributaries join the river at right angles.
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2.4
Page 13 of 21
Study Photograph 4 below of Fann's Falls at point B (K6). Study the statements
that follow and determine whether they are True or False. Write your answer in the
table below.
Photograph 4 – Fann's Falls
[Source: <https://www.instagram.com/>]
True or
False
Statement
2.4.1
Fann's Falls is described as a temporary base level of
erosion.
TRUE
2.4.2
Fann's Falls is characteristic of any lower-course river.
FALSE
2.4.3
There is a plunge pool evident in this photograph.
TRUE
2.4.4
The Motlatse (Blyde) and Treur rivers are permanent rivers.
TRUE
2.4.5
The river evident in this photograph is the Motlatse (Blyde)
River.
FALSE
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2.5
Page 14 of 21
Study Photograph 5 of Bourke's Luck Potholes (H3).
Photograph 5 – Bourke's Luck Potholes
[Source: Examiner's photograph]
2.5.1 What is the dominant erosional process involved in the formation of the
Bourke's Luck Potholes?
Lateral
Vertical
X
Headward
Abstraction
2.5.2 The natural resource most likely mined at the Old Mine (H3) is …
coal
graphite
gold
X
aluminium
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2.6
Page 15 of 21
Study the fact file below.
Fact file – Proposed new hotel
•
•
Two public entities, the Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency and the
Mpumalanga Economic Growth Agency, plan to expand the province's ecotourism
sites.
They seek investors to build a five-star hotel and top-quality restaurant near
Bourke's Luck Potholes on the highveld part of the Motlatse (Blyde) River Canyon
Nature Reserve.
[Source: Lowvelder Magazine July 2017]
Figure 4 – Enlarged map extract (H3)
2.6.1 Indicate the best location for a hotel with an "H" on Figure 4. Provide TWO
reasons for the position you are suggesting
1 mark for position
Close to the old mine for tourism
Overlooking the potholes
Land is on a gentle slope
Existing infrastructure (road, electricity, etc.)
Away from the noise of the road
2 marks per reason
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Page 16 of 21
2.6.2 This area struggles with rural depopulation. Mention ONE possible reason
why people are leaving this particular area.
They are leaving in search of better job opportunities.
Any valid push factor
2.6.3 Explore TWO benefits these tourism attractions might have to the residents
of Malala (G2).
•
Economic development in the form of better roads and other
infrastructure
•
Jobs for people bringing the local population out of poverty
•
The local economy is given a boost in the form of tourism revenue
Q2 subtotal
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QUESTION 3
3.1
Page 17 of 21
LOCAL ECONOMY, SETTLEMENT
Study the fact file below.
Fact file – Olifants River catchment area
• The Olifants River catchment area has a predominantly rural character.
• Over 70% of the population reside in rural areas.
• Significant tracts of land are under land claim from communities that were previously
dispossessed of land.
[Source: Examiner]
The table below has words/phrases that need to be matched to the correct
statement. Study the table below and complete the answers in the space below the
table. (E.g. match letter (a) with 3.1.0.)
Statement
Words/phrase
3.1.1
The process the community undergoes to claim
back land that is rightfully theirs.
(a)
Urban
hierarchy of
settlements
3.1.2
Malala settlement is a small town.
(b)
Site
3.1.3
The Bourke's Luck Potholes and this settlement
of Malala are along the Panorama Route, close
to the Kruger National Park.
(c)
Land
redistribution
3.1.4
The Malala settlement has this pattern.
(d)
Gridiron
(e)
Land restitution
(f)
Situation
(g)
Central
business
district
3.1.1 (e) Land restitution
3.1.2 (a) Urban hierarchy
3.1.3 (f) Situation
3.1.4 (d) Gridiron
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3.2
Page 18 of 21
Study the fact file below.
Fact file – The pine plantations
•
•
•
•
The forestry industry has been an important catalyst for rural development and
economic upliftment in the poorer parts of the area.
However, employment is increasingly becoming an important industry issue, as the
past ten years have seen massive reductions in direct employment by the large
timber companies, as they embarked on a process of outsourcing their forestry to
contractors.
This has had some negative consequences, but on the positive side it has led to a
significant increase in the number of small- and medium-scale entrepreneurial
businesses, many of which are black owned. They service the industry's needs.
Pine forests are abundant in this area. They supply wood to many different
industries.
[Source: Examiner]
3.2.1 (a)
The sawmill at point C (J4) is a subsistence / commercial activity.
Circle the correct answer.
(b)
Provide a reason for your answer.
The
sawmill is there to manufacture the raw material into a
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
finished
product to sell for profit.
3.2.2 (a)
The sawmill at point C (J4) is classified into the
secondary / tertiary economic sector.
primary /
Circle the correct option.
(b)
Provide a reason for your answer.
The sawmill is there to process the product into a finished
product
3.2.3 Give ONE example of value-added products the sawmill might be able to
produce.
Paper, fencing poles, furniture – any reasonable answer
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3.2.4 (a)
Page 19 of 21
According to the fact file there has been a significant increase in the
number of small- and medium-sized, black-owned businesses. This is
known as:
Growth, employment and redistribution (GEAR)
Broad-based black economic empowerment (BBBEE)
X
Spatial development initiative (SDI)
Reconstruction and development programme (RDP)
(b)
Give ONE positive consequence of the increase in small- and
medium-sized black-owned businesses in the settlements closest to
Bourke's Luck.
Provide jobs for people
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3.3
Page 20 of 21
Use an Instagram post to describe at least THREE places that might be of interest
to tourists (using evidence from any of the sources provided) and that are on or
near the Panorama Route. An example has been provided. Use a # for each place
of interest.
Figure 5 – Instagram, Panorama Route
.#PanoramaRoute is beautiful with
#Bourke'sLuckPotholes showing the
power of water to create massive,
round holes in the rocks. The
#MotlatseCanyon has been carved out
by the waters of the Motlatse River and
the #ThreeRondavels are evidence of
#DiscoverMpumalanga
From quaint #Dullstroom
destinations to all the "wander-ful"
wonders of #Wakkerstroom, escape
to the romance of Mpumalanga
welcoming couples to dreamy
weekend retreats and
#romanticgetaways sure to get your
heart running hot.
3.4
the more resistant rock in the area.
#KrugerNationalPark, the largest game
reserve in South Africa, is also close
by. Enjoy the majestic natural
landscapes of this route!
(There should be 3 #ed places evident.)
Provide a valid climatological reason as to why the Motlatse (Blyde) Canyon is
regarded as the largest green canyon in the world.
The area is in the subtropical part of South Africa east of the 500 mm isohyet
giving the area adequate rainfall to create the greenness of the canyon.
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3.5
Page 21 of 21
Study Photograph 6, an aerial photograph of Bourke's Luck (H3).
Photograph 6 – Bourke's Luck
A
C
D
B
[Source: Google Earth – Adapted by Examiner]
Identify features A to D on the aerial photograph by circling the correct option
below. Use the topographic map extract to assist you in this.
A – Shop / Police station / School
B – Weir / Sewerage works / Church
C – Geelhout Hiking Trail / Protea Hiking Trail
D – Bourke's Luck Potholes / Old Mine / Shop
Q3 subtotal
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