Information Page – CHEM 1A
Periodic Table:
2
Period
3
4
5
6
7
1A
3
Li
6.941
11
Na
22.99
19
K
39.10
37
Rb
85.47
55
Cs
132.9
87
Fr
(223)
2A
4
Be
9.012
12
Mg
24.30
20
Ca
40.08
38
Sr
87.62
56
Ba
137.3
88
Ra
(226)
1A
1
H
1.008
3
4
5
21
22
23
Sc
Ti
V
44.96 47.88 50.94
39
40
41
Y
Zr
Nb
88.91 91.22 92.91
72
73
La-Lu Hf
Ta
178.5 180.9
104
105
Ac-Lr
R Rf
Db
(261) (262)
6
7
24
25
Cr
Mn
52.00 54.94
42
43
Mo
Tc
95.94 (98)
74
75
W
Re
183.8 186.2
106 107
Sg
Bh
(263) (264)
s block
Lanthanides
Actinides
8
26
Fe
55.85
44
Ru
101.1
76
Os
190.2
108
Hs
(265)
9
27
Co
58.93
45
Rh
102.9
77
Ir
192.2
109
Mt
(268)
10
28
Ni
58.69
46
Pd
106.4
78
Pt
195.1
110
Uun
(269)
11
29
Cu
63.55
47
Ag
107.9
79
Au
197.0
111
Uuu
(272)
12
30
Zn
65.39
48
Cd
112.4
80
Hg
200.6
112
Uub
(269)
3A
5
B
10.81
13
Al
26.98
31
Ga
69.72
49
In
114.8
81
Tl
204.4
4A
6
C
12.01
14
Si
28.09
32
Ge
72.61
50
Sn
118.7
82
Pb
207.2
114
Uuq
d block
57
58
59
60
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.2
89
90
91
92
Ac
Th
Pa
U
(227) 232.0 231.0 238.0
61
Pm
(145)
93
Np
(237)
5A
7
N
14.01
15
P
30.97
33
As
74.92
51
Sb
121.8
83
Bi
209.0
7
A
9
F
19.00
17
Cl
35.45
35
Br
79.90
53
I
126.9
85
At
(210)
6A
8
O
16.00
16
S
32.07
34
Se
78.96
52
Te
127.6
84
Po
(209)
116
Uuh
8A
2
He
4.003
10
Ne
20.18
18
Ar
39.95
36
Kr
83.80
54
Xe
131.3
86
Rn
(222)
118
Uuo
p block
62
63
Sm
Eu
150.4 152.0
94
95
Pu
Am
(244) (243)
64
Gd
157.2
96
Cm
(247)
65
66
67
Tb
Dy
Ho
158.9 162.5 164.9
97
98
99
Bk
Cf
Es
(247) (251) (252)
68
Er
167.3
100
Fm
(257)
69
Tm
168.9
101
Md
(258)
70
Yb
173.0
102
No
(259)
71
Lu
175.0
103
Lr
(262)
f block
Ion
Name
Ion
NH4+
NO2–
NO3–
SO32–
SO42–
HSO4–
CO32–
HCO3–
OH–
ammonium
nitrite
nitrate
sulfite
sulfate
hydrogen sulfate
(or bisulfate)
hydroxide
CN–
SCN–
PO43–
HPO42–
H2PO4–
IO3–
IO2–
IO–
cyanide
thiocyanide
phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
iodate
iodite
hypoiodite
Name
carbonate
hydrogen carbonate
(or bicarbonate)
ClO–
hypochlorite
ClO2–
chlorite
–
ClO3
chlorate
ClO4–
perchlorate
C2H3O2– acetate
(or CH3COO –)
MnO4–
permanganate
Cr2O72–
dichromate
2–
CrO4
chromate
C2O42–
oxalate
O22–
peroxide
BrO3–
bromate
BrO2–
bromite
BrO–
hypobromite
Prefix
monoditritetrapentahexaheptaocta-
Number Indicated
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Electronegativity Values
F 4.0
Cl 3.0
Br 2.8
O 3.5
H 2.1
S 2.5
P 2.1
Xe 2.6
I 2.5
C 2.5
N 3.0
Na 0.9
Electronegativity Difference
0 – 0.4 nonpolar
0.5 – 1.9 polar
2.0 – 4 ionic
Constants:
Conversion Factors:
NA = 6.022 x1023 mol–1
R = 0.08206 L atm mol–1K–1
R = 8.314 J mol–1K–1
p = 3.14
c = 3 x 108 m/s
h = 6.626 x 10–34 J s
STP = 0oC, 1 atm
proton mass = 1.00728 g mol–1
neutron mass = 1.00866 g mol–1
electron mass = 5.4858 x 10–4 g mol–1
1 atm = 760 torr
1 J = 1 kg m2 s–2
Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
1 nm = 10–9 m
Bond Energies (kJ/mol):
H – H 432
H – C 413
C – C 347
C = C 614
O – H 467
C = O 745
N – H 391
O – O 146
O = O 495
C = O in CO2 799
C – O 358
N ≡ N 941
C ≡ O 1072
Equations:
#
𝑀=$
𝑀% 𝑉% = 𝑀' 𝑉'
1 mu2 = 31RT2
3 u av = u =
KE)av =(KE)
av = mu = RT
2
2
E = hn
2
8RT
pM
E = hc/l
KEelectron = Ephoton – Ebinding
!( "(
PV = nRT
#( $(
=
!) ")
urms = u2 =
c = nl
l = h/mv
P1 = X1Ptot
#) $)
3RT
M
DE = - (2.18 ´ 10
KE = (1/2) mv2
X1 =
2
Z = 4 N d
V
-18
*+,-)
.
= &.)
(
Solubility of Ionic Compounds in Water:
Slightly Soluble*
pRT
M
æ Z2
Z2 ö
ç
J) ç 2
- 2 ÷÷
n
n initial ø
è final
*+,-(
Anion
Soluble*
Insoluble*
NO3– (nitrate)
CH3COO– (acetate)
F – (fluoride)
Cl – (chloride)
Br – (bromide)
SO42– (sulfate)
All
Most
Group I, AgF, BeF2
Most
Most
Most
—
—
SrF2, BaF2, PbF2
PbCl2
PbBr2, HgBr2
CaSO4, Ag2SO4
S2– (sulfide)
CO32– (carbonate)
Group I and II, (NH4)2S
Group I, (NH4)2CO3
—
—
—
Be(CH3COO)2
MgF2, CaF2
AgCl, Hg2Cl2
AgBr, Hg2Br2
BaSO4, SrSO4
PbSO4, Hg2SO4
Most
Most
SO32– (sulfite)
Group I, (NH4)2SO3
—
Most
PO43–
(phosphate)
Group I, (NH4)3PO4
—
Most
OH –
(hydroxide)
Group I, Ba(OH)2, NH4OH
Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH) 2
Most
*Soluble: dissolves to the extent of > 10 g/L *Slightly Soluble: 0.1 to 10 g/L *Insoluble: < 0.1 g/L
n1
n tot