Introduction
NextThe Cavite Rebellion (Spanish: El Motín de Cavite, Filipino: Pag-aaklas sa Kabite)
was an uprising of Filipino soldiers at Fort San Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite.
107 Philippine Islands (then also known as part of Spain) On January 20, 1872, took
place in the East Indies. About 200 locally recruited colonial troops and workers rose
in what they believed would escalate into a nationwide uprising. The rebellion failed,
with government forces executing many of its participants and beginning a
crackdown on the burgeoning Filipino nationalist movement. Many scholars believed
that the Cavite rebellion was the beginning of Philippine nationalism, which would
eventually lead to the Philippine Revolution of 1896
Causes of the Cavite mutiny
The cause of the Cavite rebellion can be determined by examining various
testimonies regarding this historical event.
= Spanish accounts of the mutiny =
José Montero y Vidal, a Spanish historian, interpreted the rebellion as an attempt to
eliminate and overthrow the Spanish colonists in the Philippines. His account was
corroborated by that of Governor Rafael Izquierdo, the governor of the Philippines at
the time of the rebellion. Both said the rebellion was caused by a group of local
clerics.
== Account of Jose Montero y Vidal ==
The Cavite Rebellion was an aboriginal move to eliminate the Spanish government in
the Philippines because they were stripped of privileges such as tribute and
exemption from forced labor (polo) enjoyed by workers in the Cavite Arsenal of Fort
San Felipe. was the purpose. service). The books and pamphlets of democracy and
republicanism, the speeches and sermons of these apostles of new thought in Spain,
the riots of American publicists, and the brutality of the insensitive governor whom
this administration has sent to rule this country. policy. Native Filipinos put these
ideas into action when the circumstances arose that gave rise to the idea of
achieving independence.
== Account of Governor-General Izquierdo ==
Governor Izquierdo said the rebellion was organized by local clerics, mestizos, and
lawyers as an expression of their opposition to government injustices such as not
paying tobacco crops to the state, paying tribute, and not using forced labor.
Claimed to be inspired and prepared. It is not clearly specified whether the natives
planned to start a monarchy or a republic. Because they do not have the words in
their own language to describe this different form of government. The leader is
called "Hari" in Filipino. However, it turned out that the head of government would
be a clergyman, and that either José Burgos or Jacinto Zamora would be chosen as
its leader. This was the plan of the rebels who led them. And the means they relied
on to make it happen.
== Account of Trinidad Pardo de Tavera ==
This event was a mere rebellion, as until then the Filipinos had never intended to
separate from Spain, but only wanted to secure supplies and educational progress in
the country. However, the rebellion was utilized on a powerful level. At this time, the
central government also deprived the monks of the authority to participate in civil
affairs and to participate in the governance and administration of universities. As a
result, the monks feared that their influence in the Philippines would be a thing of
the past, and took advantage of the rebellion to form a widespread conspiracy
organized throughout the archipelago to abolish Spanish sovereignty. reported to
the government. The Madrid government believed the plan to be true without
attempting to investigate the actual facts and scope of the alleged revolution
reported by Izquierdo and the Friars.
== Account of Edmund Plauchut ==
Plaucht traced the direct cause to a compulsory order from Governor Izquierdo,
collecting personal taxes from the Filipino workers in the Cavite Arsenal's
engineering and artillery units, and imposing forced labor on them as well as civilians.
Until then, these factory workers were exempt from both taxes and forced labor. On
January 20, the day of the rebellion, it was payday, and the workers found their pay
sacks deducted in lieu of taxes and a corresponding fee in lieu of forced labor. It was
the last straw. That night they rebelled. Forty infantrymen and twenty artillerymen
took over command of Fort San Felipe and fired carronades to signal the moment of
victory. It was a fleeting victory. Apparently, the mutineers expected their comrades
from the 7th Infantry Company, assigned to patrol Cavite Square, to join them.
However, when they beckoned the 7th Infantry from the fort walls, they were
horrified, but their companions refused to join them. Instead, the company started
attacking them. The rebels bolted on the gate and decided to wait for the morning
when support from Manila was expected. In an article published in Rue du Monde in
1877, he soberly described the rebellion and its causes. He said that the main cause
of the rebellion was believed to be "orders from Governor Carlos de la Torre
(Isquierdo's predecessor)". ) Decided to impose a hitherto exempted personal tax on
the soldiers of the Corps of Engineers and Artillery, which required payment of
money in addition to the forced labor called polo y servicio. . On the 20th of 1872,
the workers received their salaries and found that the falla, a fine paid to exempt
them from taxes and forced labor, had been deducted from their salaries. The
various accounts of the Cavite rebellion include the Spanish Revolution that
overthrew the secular throne, the foul propaganda spread by the unrestrained press,
the democratic, liberal and republican books and pamphlets that reached the
Philippines, and most importantly the In particular, it also highlights other possible
causes of the "revolution". The presence of the indigenous clergy who "colluded and
supported" the rebels and enemies of Spain out of hostility to the Spanish monks.
Furthermore, accounts of the rebellion suggest that the Spanish Glorious Revolution
of the time further strengthened the natives' resolve to overthrow the current
colonial Spanish government.
Battle
Their leader was Sergeant Mestizo Fernando La Madrid, and their second-incommand was Jarrel Brent Sr. of Moreno. They captured Fort San Felipe and killed
11 Spanish officers. The rebels thought that Filipino soldiers in Manila would join the
uprising, the signal being rockets fired from the city walls that night. : 107
Unfortunately, what they thought was the cue was actually a fireworks explosion.
Celebration of the feast day of Our Lady of Loreto, patron of Sampaloc. The plan was
to set fire to Tondo to distract the authorities while the Manila artillery and infantry
could overwhelm Fort Santiago and fire artillery to signal Cavite. All Spaniards except
women were to be killed. News of the mutiny reached Manila, probably through the
lover of the Spanish sergeant, who informed his superiors, causing the Spanish
authorities to fear a large-scale riot by the Filipinos. The next day, a regiment led by
General Felipe Zinovez laid siege to the fort until the rebels surrendered. Zinoves
then ordered his troops to open fire on the surrenderers, including La Madrid. The
rebels were lined up in a line, but Colonel Sabbath asked if anyone didn't shout
"Long live Spain" and shot one who stepped forward. : 107 The rest were
imprisoned. : 107
Aftermath
Shortly after, some Filipino soldiers were disarmed and later defected south to
Mindanao. Those suspected of directly supporting the rebels were arrested and
executed. The rebellion was exploited by the colonial government and the Spanish
monks, and was attributed to three secular priests, Mariano Gómez, José Burgos,
and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known as Gomburza. They were executed on
February 17, 1872 by Garote of Luneta, also known as Bagumbayan in Tagalog. : 107
These executions, especially that of Gomburza, were to have a profound effect on
the people because of the dark nature of the trial. José Rizal, whose brother Pasiano
was a close friend of Burgos, dedicated his book El Filibustelismo to these three
priests. On January 27, 1872, Governor Izquierdo approved the death sentences for
41 rebels. Eleven more were sentenced to death on February 6, but their sentences
were later commuted to life imprisonment. Others, including Joaquín Pardo de
Tavera, Antonio M. Reidor y Jurado, Pio Basa, and José María Basa, were among
others in the colonial Spanish East Indies such as Guam, the Mariana Islands. exiled
to the islands. : 107–108 The most important group in Europe, particularly the
colonies of Filipino expatriates in the Spanish capitals of Madrid and Barcelona,
established small rebel groups to advance the nascent Philippine revolutionary cause.
I was able to print a publication that Finally, a decree was issued that no more
Filipinos will be ordained/ordained as Roman Catholic parish priests. : 107 Despite
the rebellion, the Spanish authorities continued to employ large numbers of local
Filipino troops, carabineros and private security guards. It served in the colonial
forces from the 1870s through the 1890s until the Spanish-American War of 1898.
= Behind the story of Cavite mutiny =
During the brief trial, the captured rebels testified against Father Burgos. State
witness Francisco Zardua stated that he had been told by one of the Basa brothers
that the "government of Father Burgos" would bring in an American naval fleet to
support the revolution, with which alleged Marshal Ramon Maurente cooperated.
bottom. I received a loan of 50,000 pesos. The leaders of the Friars held a meeting
and decided to remove Burgos by implicating him in the conspiracy. One of the
Franciscan monks disguised himself as Burgos and threatened the rebels to revolt.
The senior monks used the Una Fuerte Suma de Dinero and the banquet to persuade
Governor Izquierdo that Burgos was the mastermind of the coup. Gómez and
Zamora were among Burgos' close associates, so they were also among the suspects.
Zaldur was also the chief informant to the three priests. His testimony was the main
basis for his conviction, and he was convicted along with the three, although he was
promised a pardon in exchange for his testimony. He was the first of them to be
executed on February 17, 1872. The central government of Madrid has declared that
it wants to deprive the friars of all powers to intervene in matters of civil affairs and
the leadership and administration of educational institutions. The monks feared that
their rule in the country would be a thing of the past, and that the rebellion had
given them such an opportunity, they needed something to justify their perpetuation.
Thought. However, the Institute of the Philippines was introduced by the Spanish
government as an educational decree to consolidate sectarian schools once run by
monks. The decree aims to improve educational standards in the Philippines by
requiring competitive recruitment for teaching positions in these schools, an
important step most Filipinos welcome.
Execution of Gomburza
On February 15, 1872, the Spanish colonial authorities indicted Father Burgos, Father
Gómez, and Father Zamora for treason, sedition, and subversion. He was sentenced
to death by Garrote at Bagumbayan in the Philippines. They were executed two days
after the verdict. The charges against the three were collusion with the uprising of
workers at the Cavite Navy Yard. Governor Izquierdo believes the Filipinos will set up
their own government, and three priests have reportedly been named to lead a
government designed to free them from the Spanish government. Mr. Gomburza's
death has aroused a great deal of anger and resentment among Filipinos. They
blamed the Spanish authorities and demanded reforms on the grounds of their poor
governance. Ironically, the martyrdom of the three priests helped create a
propaganda movement aimed at calling for reform and informing the Spanish public
about the abuses of the colonial authorities in the Philippine Islands. Besides
Gomburza's execution on 28 January 1872, the military court also sentenced 41
mutineers to death. The next day, however, Izquierdo pardoned 28 of the rebels,
and the rest were convicted. On February 6, 1872, eleven rebels were sentenced to
death, but Izquierdo commuted the death sentences to life imprisonment. Along
with the execution of the three martyrs, Enrique Paraiso, Máximo Innocencio and
Crisanto de los Reyes were sentenced to ten years in prison. Still others were
sentenced by Spanish military courts to exile to the Mariana Islands (now Guam).
Pedro Dandan Father Mariano Sevilla, Toribio H. del Pilar (brother of Marcelo H. del
Pilar), Agustín Mendoza, Jose Guevara, Miguel Lasa, Father Justo Guazon. Aniseto
Desiderio Father Vicente del Rosario, Joaquín Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Reidor,
José Basa y Enriquez, Mauricio de Leon, Pedro Carrillo, Gervásio Sanchez and José
Ma. Basa, Pio Basa, Balvino Mauricio, Maximo Paterno (Pedro Paterno's father),
Valentin Tosca.