ANSI B11.0 – 2015
SINGLE COLUMN (“ISO style”) FORMAT
American National Standard
Safety of Machinery
Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer:
B11 Standards, Inc.
POB 690905
Houston, TX 77269, USA
Approved:
25 AUGUST 2015
by the
American National Standards Institute
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Copyright © 2015 by B11 Standards, Inc.
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otherwise, without the prior written permission of B11 Standards, Inc.
i
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
B11.0 – 2015
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS
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Published by:
B11 Standards, Inc.,
POB 690905, Houston,TX - USA
Copyright © 2015 by B11 Standards Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
© 2015 B11 Standards, Inc.
Page 2
B11.0 – 2015
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
TABLE of CONTENTS
PAGE
FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Objective .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Harmonization ..................................................................................................................................... 8
General ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Normative requirements ..................................................................................................................... 9
Effective Date ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Development ........................................................................................................................................ 9
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... 11
1
SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................ 13
2
NORMATIVE REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 13
3
DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 14
4
RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................................... 24
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
5
General ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Collaborative efforts ............................................................................................................... 26
Responsibilities of the component supplier, machine supplier and the machine user .. 26
Component user / machine supplier ..................................................................................... 26
Integration ................................................................................................................ 26
Documentation ........................................................................................................ 26
Safeguarding ........................................................................................................... 27
Machine user ........................................................................................................................... 27
Specifications for custom machinery ................................................................................... 27
Design, construction and information for operation and maintenance ............................ 27
Installation, commissioning and start-up............................................................................. 27
Risk reduction measure(s) ..................................................................................................... 28
Operation and maintenance .................................................................................................. 28
Training of user personnel .................................................................................................... 28
Cleaning ................................................................................................................................... 29
Operational working space .................................................................................................... 29
Existing (legacy) equipment .................................................................................................. 29
Modifying and/or rebuilding a machine ................................................................................ 29
Dismantling, disposal and other lifecycle activities ........................................................... 30
Personnel responsibility ........................................................................................................ 30
LIFECYCLE REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................... 30
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
General ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Supplier .................................................................................................................................... 30
User .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Installation ............................................................................................................................... 30
Integrator / modifier / rebuilder ............................................................................................. 30
© 2015 B11 Standards, Inc.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
6
THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS ............................................................................................... 31
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
B11.0 – 2015
General ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Qualified personnel ................................................................................................. 31
Goal .......................................................................................................................... 31
Fundamental steps of the risk assessment process........................................... 31
Prepare for and set scope (limits) of the assessment ........................................................ 33
Identify tasks and hazards ..................................................................................................... 33
Identify affected persons ........................................................................................ 33
Identify tasks ........................................................................................................... 34
Identify hazards and hazardous situations .......................................................... 34
Similar machines ..................................................................................................... 35
Assess initial risk.................................................................................................................... 35
Select a risk scoring system .................................................................................. 35
Assess risk .............................................................................................................. 36
Derive risk level ....................................................................................................... 36
Reduce risk .............................................................................................................................. 37
Use the hazard control hierarchy .......................................................................... 37
Check for new hazards ........................................................................................... 39
Assess residual risk ............................................................................................................... 39
Achieve acceptable risk ......................................................................................................... 39
Validate risk reduction measures ......................................................................................... 40
Document the process ........................................................................................................... 40
Content ..................................................................................................................... 40
Document retention ................................................................................................ 41
GENERAL RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 41
7.1
7.2
Access to machinery .............................................................................................................. 41
Control systems performing a safety function .................................................................... 41
General ..................................................................................................................... 42
Stop functions ......................................................................................................... 42
Reset ......................................................................................................................... 43
Protective stop ........................................................................................................ 43
7.3
Control Systems Design Requirements ............................................................................... 43
Operator interaction ................................................................................................ 43
Operator interface / controls .................................................................................. 43
Zones ........................................................................................................................ 44
Energy sources ....................................................................................................... 44
Interruption of energy source ................................................................................ 44
Selection of operating modes ................................................................................ 44
Wireless control ...................................................................................................... 44
7.4
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ................................................................................... 44
7.5
Electrical .................................................................................................................................. 44
7.6
Emergency stop ...................................................................................................................... 44
7.7
Control of hazardous energy (lockout / tagout / verify) ...................................................... 45
7.8
Ergonomics / human factors ................................................................................................. 45
7.9
Safeguarding ........................................................................................................................... 45
General ..................................................................................................................... 45
Additional considerations ...................................................................................... 45
7.10 Handling of machines, component parts, tooling and materials ....................................... 46
© 2015 B11 Standards, Inc.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
B11.0 – 2015
7.11 Hydraulic and pneumatic (including vacuum) systems ..................................................... 46
General ..................................................................................................................... 46
Safety shut-off and exhaust valve ......................................................................... 47
Pressure vessels ..................................................................................................... 47
Air valve mufflers .................................................................................................... 47
Air preparation components .................................................................................. 47
Pressure intensification ......................................................................................... 48
Hydraulic accumulators ......................................................................................... 48
Actuators .................................................................................................................. 48
7.12 Ladders and platforms ........................................................................................................... 48
7.13 Large machines ....................................................................................................................... 48
7.14 Lasers ...................................................................................................................................... 48
7.15 Lubrication .............................................................................................................................. 48
7.16 Machines and machinery systems ........................................................................................ 49
7.17 Mechanical power transmission ........................................................................................... 50
7.18 Modified atmospheres ............................................................................................................ 50
7.19 Noise ........................................................................................................................................ 51
7.20 Radiation .................................................................................................................................. 51
7.21 Sanitation and hygiene........................................................................................................... 51
7.22 Stability .................................................................................................................................... 51
7.23 Thermal systems..................................................................................................................... 52
7.24 Visibility ................................................................................................................................... 52
7.25 Ventilation of airborne contaminants ................................................................................... 52
8
INFORMATION FOR SAFE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MACHINERY........................ 52
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
General ..................................................................................................................................... 52
Manuals .................................................................................................................................... 53
Product safety signs and labels ............................................................................................ 53
Nameplate ................................................................................................................................ 53
Information for personal protective equipment (PPE) ........................................................ 53
9
SUPERVISION .................................................................................................................................... 53
10
TRAINING ........................................................................................................................................... 54
10.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 54
10.2 Training elements ................................................................................................................... 54
General ..................................................................................................................... 54
Training program(s) ................................................................................................ 55
Trainer qualifications .............................................................................................. 56
10.3 Operator training ..................................................................................................................... 56
10.4 Maintenance personnel training ............................................................................................ 57
10.5 Supervisor training ................................................................................................................. 57
10.6 Retraining ................................................................................................................................ 57
© 2015 B11 Standards, Inc.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
B11.0 – 2015
ANNEX A — GUIDANCE FOR THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS .................................................... 58
ANNEX B — PARTIAL LIST OF MACHINERY HAZARDS ...................................................................... 61
ANNEX C — ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON ASSESSING RISK (RISK ESTIMATION) .................... 64
ANNEX D — RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES ........................................................................................ 68
ANNEX E — APPROACHES TO RISK REDUCTION ............................................................................... 74
ANNEX F — ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON ACHIEVING ACCEPTABLE RISK ............................... 82
ANNEX G — TRANSFERRING INFORMATION ABOUT RESIDUAL RISK ............................................ 83
ANNEX H — SAMPLE RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................ 84
ANNEX I — INFORMATION FOR USE – MANUAL CONTENT OUTLINE .............................................. 87
ANNEX J — SUGGESTED MANUAL CONTENT – INFORMATION FOR USE ...................................... 88
ANNEX K — STANDARDS VISUAL MAPPING........................................................................................ 90
ANNEX L — SAMPLE STATEMENT OF CONFORMITY ......................................................................... 94
ANNEX M — INFORMATIVE REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 96
LIST of FIGURES
Figure 1 — Illustration of relationship between ISO 12100 and ANSI B11.0
Figure 2 — Organization of the B11 Series of Documents
Figure 3 — Application of the Risk Assessment
Figure 4 — Machinery and equipment lifecycle stages
Figure 5 — Example of Machinery Lifecycle Responsibilities
Figure 6 — The Risk Assessment Process
Figure 7 — Elements of Risk
Figure 8 — Two Stage Iterative Approach to the Hierarchy of Controls and Risk Reduction
Figure 9 — Illustration of the process of the supplier and user risk reduction efforts
Figure 10 — ANSI Standards applicable in the United States
Figure 11 — EN Norms (EN standards) applicable in the European Union
Figure 12 — International Standards (ISO and IEC only)
LIST of TABLES
Table 1 — Example Risk Scoring System
Table 2 — The Hazard Control Hierarchy
Table 3 — Noise Source and Noise Reduction Methods
Table 4 — Injury and Severity Correlations
Table 5 — MIL-STD-882 Two-Factor Risk Scoring System [4x5]
Table 6 — ANSI B11.TR3 Two-Factor Risk Model [4x4]
Table 7 — ANSI / RIA R15.06-1999 Risk Rating System
Table 8 — NFPA 70E Risk Scoring Matrix
Table 9 — ANSI / ASSE Z10 Risk Scoring Matrix
Table 10 — Risk Ranking Table; Severity Groups
Table 11 — Risk Ranking Table; Likelihood Groups
Table 12 — SEMI Risk Ranking Matrix
Table 13 — Preferred Colors for Indicator Lights and Icons
Table 14 — Potential Effects/Additional Characteristics of Risk Reduction Measures
Table 15 — Sample Risk Assessment
© 2015 B11 Standards, Inc.
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