Principles of Anatomy and
Physiology
Gerard Tortora and Bryan Derrickson
Sixteenth Edition
Chapter 3
The Cellular Level of Organization
Protein Synthesis
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Introduction
The purpose of this chapter is to:
1. Introduce the parts of a cell
2. Discuss the importance of the plasma membrane
3. Discuss the components of the cytoplasm
4. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
5. Understand the effects aging has on the cell
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Protein Synthesis
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Gene Expression
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Protein Synthesis: Transcription
Transcription occurs in the
nucleus and is the process by
which genetic information
encoded in DNA is copied onto a
strand of RNA to direct protein
synthesis
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Steps in Transcription
Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase; it has 4
steps:
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) directs protein synthesis
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) joins with ribosomal proteins to
make ribosomes
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) binds to amino acid and holds it in
place during translation
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Protein Synthesis: Translation
Translation occurs outside the nucleus and is the process of
reading the mRNA nucleotide sequence to determine the amino
acid sequence of the newly formed protein
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Protein Synthesis During Transcription
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Replication of DNA
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Protein Synthesis
Interactions Animation:
Protein Synthesis
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ahanafy@gulfcoast.edu
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Copyright
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